FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU VAUGHAN, PJ LESCH, SM CORWIN, DL CONE, DG AF VAUGHAN, PJ LESCH, SM CORWIN, DL CONE, DG TI WATER-CONTENT EFFECT ON SOIL-SALINITY PREDICTION - A GEOSTATISTICAL STUDY USING COKRIGING SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTIVITY-DEPTH RELATIONS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS; INDUCTION AB A geostatistical analysis of soil salinity in an agricultural area in the San Joaquin Valley included measurements of electrical conductivity of soil paste extract (EC(e)) and water content of soil samples supplemented by surface measurements of apparent electrical conductivity (EM(H)). Prediction of soil salinity at unsampled points by cokriging log(e)(EC(e)) and EM(H) is worthwhile because EM(H) measurements are quicker than soil sampling. This work studies how patterns of log(e)(EC(e)) predicted by cokriging with EM(H) are influenced by variation in gravimetric water content (W). The data are mean EM(H) = 1.00 +/- 0.13 dS m(-1) for 2378 locations, mean log(e)(EC(e)) = 1.40 +/- 0.29 dS m(-1), and mean gravimetric W = 0.260 +/- 0.003, both averaged for four samples from 0.3-m intervals to 1.2-m depth for 315 locations. The coefficient of determination (R(2)) for EM(H) vs. log(e)(EC(e)) increased with depth from 0.05 to 0.54 whereas the R(2) for EM(H) vs. W decreased from 0.48 to 0.28. A gray-scale EM(H) map contained nine out of 56 quarter-section boundaries coinciding with step variations in EM(H). The t-statistics for differences in mean W were six of nine significant at 0.001 and nine of nine at 0.05, but mean log(e)(EC(e)) had only two of nine at 0.05, implying that W caused EM(H) steps. Water-affected EM(H) impaired prediction of EC(e) at depth by cokriging, because near-surface variations in W masked EC(e). Two subareas were defined, one where management factors, such as irrigation, controlled EM(H), causing steps, and one where near-surface W varied less, making cokriging predictions more reliable. C1 BROADVIEW WATER DIST,FIREBAUGH,CA 93622. RP VAUGHAN, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 21 TC 26 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1146 EP 1156 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RJ797 UT WOS:A1995RJ79700029 ER PT J AU EVERETT, RL JAVASHARPE, BJ SCHERER, GR WILT, FM OTTMAR, RD AF EVERETT, RL JAVASHARPE, BJ SCHERER, GR WILT, FM OTTMAR, RD TI COOCCURRENCE OF HYDROPHOBICITY AND ALLELOPATHY IN SAND PITS UNDER BURNED SLASH SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-NITROGEN; SUBSTANCES; PINE AB Prescribed burning of slash following tree harvest is a standard practice to reduce fire hazard and prepare seed beds for planting conifers. This study examined the co-occurrence and intensity of hydrophobic and allelopathic layers created in sand pits under burned slash piles and broadcast slash. Following slash burning, 24 sand cores were taken from the sand pits and analyzed for water repellency and allelopathic effects on germination, emergence, and height growth of a bioassay species, blue wildrye (Elymus glaucus Buckley). Water drop penetration that was instantaneous in untreated sand cores was delayed in sand cores from burn treatments for 5 to 90 s in seven cores and for >270 s in five cores. Seedling emergence and height of the bioassay species declined in both the created hydrophobic sand layer and in an allelopathic zone of wettable sand immediately below the hydrophobic layer. Lack of allelopathic response when free water was present suggests that allelopathic effects are exhibited only under unsaturated soil conditions. Results indicate that nonwettable soils and allelopathy effects will act in unison to reduce water penetration and slow plant establishment following wildfires or prescribed burns. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,AGR & ENVIRONM CHEM GRAD GRP,BERKELEY,CA 94804. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98105. RP EVERETT, RL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,1133 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1176 EP 1183 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RJ797 UT WOS:A1995RJ79700033 ER PT J AU CROWNOVER, SH COMERFORD, NB NEARY, DG MONTGOMERY, J AF CROWNOVER, SH COMERFORD, NB NEARY, DG MONTGOMERY, J TI HORIZONTAL GROUNDWATER-FLOW PATTERNS THROUGH A CYPRESS SWAMP-PINE FLATWOODS LANDSCAPE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Groundwater movement in the surficial aquifer of the lower Coastal Plain cypress swamp-pine flatwoods landscape of the southeastern USA is poorly documented. This study was conducted to define the patterns of horizontal groundwater how through a typical landscape with particular attention to water exchange between cypress swamps and the surrounding areas. One hundred and twenty shallow water table wells 1 m deep were installed in a 42-ha study area, one-third of which was covered by pond cypress (Taxodium ascendens Brongn.) swamps. Water tables were measured approximately every 2 wk for 2 yr and the data were used to map water table elevation. Directions of horizontal groundwater how were inferred from the water table topographic maps. Measured hydraulic heads were combined with saturated hydraulic conductivities to estimate groundwater flux. Most of the groundwater Bowed through the swamps in response to the generalized surface elevation pattern. For selected ponds, the groundwater also flowed from the swamps to the surrounding areas. It was uncommon for groundwater to Bow into the ponds from the entire surrounding area. The pattern of groundwater exchange between the swamps and the surrounding area was related to the average water table depth: the deeper the average water table, the greater chance for groundwater to how from the swamp into the surrounding area. Waterflow rates were estimated to be <56 cm d(-1). These groundwater flow patterns are different from the generally accepted pattern of water Bow and should be useful In defining the hydrologic cycle of these landscapes. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. US FOREST SERV,SW FOREST EXP STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ. RAYONIER INC,FERNANDINA BEACH,FL. NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1199 EP 1205 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RJ797 UT WOS:A1995RJ79700036 ER PT J AU DESHAZO, RD WILLIAMS, DF AF DESHAZO, RD WILLIAMS, DF TI MULTIPLE FIRE ANT STINGS INDOORS SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The progressive spread and increasing colony density of imported fire ants throughout the southeastern United States will result in increasing numbers of individuals with untoward reactions to the stings of these insects. In order to alert physicians that imported fire ant colonies may exist within homes and other inhabited dwellings and result in multiple stings to the occupants and to provide information about the management of this problem, we report two cases where individuals were stung indoors by imported fire ants, One of these cases involved the attack of a bed-bound patient by a colony of ants. The other report documents the establishment of an intact fire ant colony within an inhabited dwelling. Physicians should become familiar with the biology of these insects to assist patients in dealing with this problem. C1 UNIV SO ALABAMA,COLL MED,DEPT MED,DIV ALLERGY & IMMUNOL,MOBILE,AL. UNIV SO ALABAMA,COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,MOBILE,AL. USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 10 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 88 IS 7 BP 712 EP 715 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RH029 UT WOS:A1995RH02900003 PM 7597473 ER PT J AU SPOONER, DM VANDENBERG, RG BAMBERG, JB AF SPOONER, DM VANDENBERG, RG BAMBERG, JB TI EXAMINATION OF SPECIES BOUNDARIES OF SOLANUM SERIES DEMISSA AND POTENTIALLY RELATED SPECIES IN SERIES ACAULIA AND SERIES TUBEROSA (SECT PETOTA) SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID GERMPLASM COLLECTING EXPEDITION; TAXONOMY; POTATOES; MEXICAN AB Species boundaries were assessed by phenetic analyses of morphological data for Solanum sect. Petota series Demissa: S. brachycarpum, S. demissum, S. guerreroense, S. hougasii, S. iopetalum, and S. schenckii. These six hexaploid (2n = 6x = 72) wild potato species grow in Mexico and Guatemala and constitute all the tara of series Demissa except three pentaploid hybrids involving crosses with species from other series. We also analyzed two species, S. albicans (series Acaulia) and S. verrucosum (series Tuberosa), that are morphologically very similar to some members of series Demissa. We chose these species because S. verrucosum has been hypothesized to be a progenitor in the hybrid origin of all species in series Demissa, and because S. albicans is very similar to S. demissum. The results show that S. albicans, S. brachycarpum, S. demissum, S. schenckii, and S. verrucosum are supported by multivariate analyses, but are inconclusive regarding species boundaries of the rare taxa S. hougasii, S. guerreroense, and S. iopetalum, and more collections are needed to resolve their taxonomic status. Extensive overlap of species-specific character states shows the difficulty of the preparation of keys, diagnosis of taxa, and cladistic analyses in this group. The results also show that S. demissum is phenetically more similar to S. albicans than to other species in series Demissa and that S. verrucosum is similar to S. schenckii, and they question the assignment of these species into series. C1 USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,NATL RES SUPPORT PROGRAM 6,STURGEON BAY,WI 54235. AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,DEPT PLANT TAXON,6700 ED WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. RP SPOONER, DM (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT HORT,VEGETABLE CROP RES UNIT,1575 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 58 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3 BP 295 EP 314 DI 10.2307/2419497 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA RV220 UT WOS:A1995RV22000005 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, BC STEFFENCAMPBELL, JD SORENSEN, JT GILL, RJ AF CAMPBELL, BC STEFFENCAMPBELL, JD SORENSEN, JT GILL, RJ TI PARAPHYLY OF HOMOPTERA AND AUCHENORRHYNCHA INFERRED FROM 18S RDNA NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR CLOCK; PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS; GENERATION TIME; DNA-SEQUENCES; EVOLUTION; MITOCHONDRIAL; RATES; FULGOROMORPHA AB Evolutionary affiliations of eighteen families of Hemiptera (s.l.) are inferred using molecular phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide (nt) sequences of 18S rDNAs. Exemplar taxa include: Archaeorrhyncha (=Fulgoromorpha): flatid, issid, dictyopharid, cixiid and delphacid; Prosorrhyncha (=Heteropterodea): Peloridiomorpha (=Coleorhyncha)-peloridiid, Heteroptera - gerrid, lygaeid and mirid; Clypeorrhyncha [=extant (monophyletic) cicadomorphs]: cicadid, cercopoids (cercopid, aphrophorid), membracid and cicadellids (deltocephaline and cicadelline); and Sternorrhyncha: psyllid, aleyrodid, diaspidid and aphid. Analysed sequences encompass a region beginning approximate to 550 nucleotides (nts) from the 5'-end to approximate to 200 nts upstream from the 3'-end of the gene [approximate to 1150 base pairs (bp) in euhemipteran to > 1400 bp in sternorrhynchan taxa]. Maximum parsimony and bootstrap analyses (PAUP) identify four principal hemipteran clades, Stenorrhyncha, Clypeorrhyncha, Archaeorrhyncha and Prosorrhyncha. These lineages are identified by synapomorphies distributed throughout the gene. Sternorrhyncha is a sister group to all other Hemiptera (i.e. Euhemiptera sensu Zrzavy), rendering Homoptera paraphyletic. Within Euhemiptera, clades Clypeorrhyncha, Archaeorrhyncha, Prosorrhyncha and Heteroptera are supported by one, three, two and three synapomorphic sites, respectively. There is equitable parsimonious inference for Archaeorrhyncha as the sister group to Prosorrhyncha (Neohemiptera sensu Sorensen et al.) or Clypeorrhyncha, in either case rendering Auchenorrhyncha paraphyletic. Neohemiptera is supported by one synapomorphy. Within Clypeorrhyncha, clade cicada + cercopoids is the sister group of the clade cicadellids + membracid (Membracoidea sensu Dietrich & Deitz). Among archaeorrhynchans, clade delphacid + cixiid is the sister group of the clade dictyopharid + flatid + issid. Within Prosorrhyncha, the peloridiid is sister to the Heteroptera. Within Heteroptera, gerrid is the sister group of the clade mirid + lygaeid (Panheteroptera sensu Schuh). Based on secondary structure of synonymous 18S rRNA, two synapomorphies each of Sternorrhyncha, Prosorrhyncha and Heteroptera are compensatory substitutions on stem substructures. All other synapomorphies identifying major lineages of Hemiptera are noncompensatory substitutions on either bulges or stems. Short basal internodal distances suggest radiation of hemipteran lineages at the suborder level occurred rapidly. Morphological, palaeoentomological and eco-evolutionary factors supporting the 18S rDNA-based phylogenetic tree are discussed. C1 CALIF DEPT FOOD & AGR,CTR PLANT PEST DIAGNOST,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814. RP CAMPBELL, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 101 TC 82 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0307-6970 J9 SYST ENTOMOL JI Syst. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3 BP 175 EP 194 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3113.1995.tb00090.x PG 20 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA TA865 UT WOS:A1995TA86500002 ER PT J AU GOYNES, WR INGBER, BF TRIPLETT, BA AF GOYNES, WR INGBER, BF TRIPLETT, BA TI COTTON FIBER SECONDARY WALL DEVELOPMENT - TIME VERSUS THICKNESS SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Secondary wall thickness is a function of maturity in cotton fibers. Fibers begin to elongate at anthesis, and elongation continues for approximately 20 days. As this elongation period ends, deposition of the secondary wall begins and continues for 25-30 days until the boil ''matures'' and opens. The exact period of elongation and secondary thickening depends on factors such as variety, growing temperature, and light level. This microscopical study illustrates rates of secondary wall development in three cotton varieties, and shows effects of drastic changes in light and temperature, as well as differences in fiber development within a single boll. RP GOYNES, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 65 IS 7 BP 400 EP 408 DI 10.1177/004051759506500705 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA RE561 UT WOS:A1995RE56100005 ER PT J AU BATRA, SK GHOSH, TK ZENG, Q ROBERT, KQ FRASER, WB AF BATRA, SK GHOSH, TK ZENG, Q ROBERT, KQ FRASER, WB TI AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE RING SPINNING PROCESS .4. INHERENT INSTABILITY OF THE FREE BALLOON SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AIR DRAG AB This paper will show that the theory of ring spinning developed by Batra et al. and subsequently by Fraser can be used to explain recent experimental results obtained at the SRRC. In particular, Fraser showed that the quasi-stationary, nonlinear equations of motion relevant to ring spinning, including the effect of centripetal acceleration and air drag force, developed earlier by several investigators exhibit a bifurcation phenomenon typical of many other nonlinear systems in mathematical physics. This investigation shows that the bifurcation analysis applied in a way that simulates formation of the bobbin, even a chase of the bobbin, reveals meta-stability in parametric space, which can be used to explain the instabilities in free (no control rings) balloon profiles observed experimentally. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. UNIV SYDNEY,SCH MATH & STAT,SYDNEY,NSW,AUSTRALIA. RP BATRA, SK (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL TEXT,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 65 IS 7 BP 417 EP 423 DI 10.1177/004051759506500707 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA RE561 UT WOS:A1995RE56100007 ER PT J AU BOYLSTON, EK HEBERT, JJ AF BOYLSTON, EK HEBERT, JJ TI THE PRIMARY WALL OF COTTON FIBERS SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Letter RP BOYLSTON, EK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 65 IS 7 BP 429 EP 431 DI 10.1177/004051759506500711 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA RE561 UT WOS:A1995RE56100011 ER PT J AU LIU, ZW JARRET, RL KRESOVICH, S DUNCAN, RR AF LIU, ZW JARRET, RL KRESOVICH, S DUNCAN, RR TI CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT (SSR) LOCI IN SEASHORE PASPALUM (PASPALUM-VAGINATUM SWARTZ) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; MICROSATELLITE; MOLECULAR MARKER; SEASHORE PASPALUM; GERM PLASM ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; DNA-SEQUENCE; MICROSATELLITES; ABUNDANCE; GENOMES; AMPLIFICATION; MARKERS; GENE; RICE AB A size-fractionated TaqI genomic library of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) was screened for the presence of (GA)(n) and (CA)(n) simple sequence repeats (SSRs). A total of 54 clones with a positive signal were detected among 13,000 clones screened. Forty-seven clones having repeats of n greater than or equal to 3 were identified, of which 85% were perfect, 13% were imperfect and 2% were compound repeat sequences. Five of ten primer pairs synthesized to amplify selected loci resulted in a product in the expected size range and were subsequently used to examine SSR polymorphisms among 46 ecotypes of P. vaginatum. The number of alleles resolved on agarose or polyacrylamide gels were similar and ranged from 6 to 16 with an average of 14 per locus. Phenetic analysis of SSR polymorphisms revealed genetic relationships among the P. vaginatum ecotypes that were in general agreement with relationships determined previously by RAPD analysis of the same plant materials. Further screening of the genomic library did not identify (AT)(n), trimeric or tetrameric repeats. Hybridization of an (ATT)(8) oligonucleotide probe to genomic DNA isolated from I. batatas, E. coli, Citrullis lanatus and P. vaginatum suggested that the P. vaginatum genome contained significantly fewer ATT repeats than either the I. batatas or C. lanatus genome. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RESOURCES,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV GEORGIA,GEORGIA EXPT STN,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. NR 34 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 91 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA RJ834 UT WOS:A1995RJ83400007 PM 24169666 ER PT J AU KENNARD, WC HAVEY, MJ AF KENNARD, WC HAVEY, MJ TI QUANTITATIVE TRAIT ANALYSIS OF FRUIT-QUALITY IN CUCUMBER - QTL DETECTION, CONFIRMATION, AND COMPARISON WITH MATING-DESIGN VARIATION SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE GENETIC MAP; QTL; CUCUMIS SATIVUS ID MOLECULAR MARKERS; GENETIC VARIANCES; POPULATIONS; MAIZE; LOCI AB A cross within C. sativus var, sativus (GY14 x P1432860) and molecular markers were used to determine the number, magnitudes of effect, and overall variation described for genes conditioning the quantitatively inherited traits of length, diameter, seed-cavity size, color, L/D (length/diameter), and S/D (seed-cavity size/diameter). QTL effects were detected with MAPMAKER/QTL using 100 F-3 lines evaluated in a replicated field trial of two harvests over 2 years at one location. Multilocus models were constructed by fixing significant intervals and re-scanning using MAPMAKER/QTL. Marker inclusion in multilocus models was compared to an ANOVA ''backward elimination'' procedure. Generally the same loci were associated with QTLs among the two methods of model construction. Heritabilities of individual QTLs were confirmed by analysis of related backcrosses (67 BC1P1 lines and 68 BC1P2 lines). The majority of QTLs were confirmed in at least one backcross population. Pairs of backcrosses allowed overall additive variances and heritabilities to be calculated using a North Carolina Design III(NCIII design) and estimates were compared to overall variances attributable to markers. Heritability estimates using markers were comparable, but generally lower than additive variances estimated by co-variance relationships in the NCIII design. This suggests that neither the number nor the magnitude of QTL effects were overestimated. The utility of backcrosses to confirm individual QTLs and the overall variance described by QTLs is recommended to avoid false positives and over-estimation of effects. The number of QTLs, and/or the proportions of phenotypic variation described by markers and the mating design, agreed with previous reports of heritabilities employing similar germplasm. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 91 IS 1 BP 53 EP 61 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA RJ834 UT WOS:A1995RJ83400008 ER PT J AU KRESOVICH, S SZEWCMCFADDEN, AK BLIEK, SM MCFERSON, JR AF KRESOVICH, S SZEWCMCFADDEN, AK BLIEK, SM MCFERSON, JR TI ABUNDANCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SIMPLE-SEQUENCE REPEATS (SSRS) ISOLATED FROM A SIZE-FRACTIONATED GENOMIC LIBRARY OF BRASSICA-NAPUS L (RAPESEED) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE GENETIC ANALYSIS; FLUORESCENCE-BASED DETECTION; STR; MICROSATELLITE DNA; MULTIPLEX PCR ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; DNA POLYMORPHISMS; REPETITIVE DNA; MICROSATELLITES; IDENTIFICATION; GRAPEVINE; MARKERS; LOCI; RFLP AB A size-fractionated library of Brassica napus L. (rapeseed), composed of 15 000 clones, was screened for the presence of GA-, CA-, and GATA-simple-sequence repeats (SSRs). GA-SSRs were four- and five-fold more abundant than CA- and GATA-SSRs, respectively, and present at a frequency of approximately one SSR for every 100 kb of DNA. Following the sequencing of 124 positive clones, primer pairs were designed and evaluated for seven selected SSRs. Products were amplified in an array of individuals of B. napus, B. oleracea and B. rapa, demonstrating that the seven SSRs were conserved among species. Two SSRs were polymorphic. Among 11 accessions, the dinucleotide (GA)-repeat, B.n.9A, yielded 12 fragments, while the tetranucleotide-repeat (GATA), B.n.6A2, revealed two fragments. Automated, fluorescence-based detection of polyacrylamide gels has been employed to simultaneously increase throughput, reduce unit cost, improve analytical resolution, and expedite data acquisition of SSR analysis. Though initial financial investment and technical capabilities may prevent some from directly employing our documented approach, SSR analysis warrants further investigation as a tool in genetic studies for enhancing both the conservation and utilization of genetic resources. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RESOURCES UNIT,GENEVA,NY 14456. RP KRESOVICH, S (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RESOURCES CONSERVAT UNIT,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 32 TC 143 Z9 155 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 91 IS 2 BP 206 EP 211 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA RL403 UT WOS:A1995RL40300004 PM 24169765 ER PT J AU MONTE, JV FLAVELL, RB GUSTAFSON, JP AF MONTE, JV FLAVELL, RB GUSTAFSON, JP TI WIS 2-1A - AN ANCIENT RETROTRANSPOSON IN THE TRITICEAE TRIBE SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE TRITICEAE; RETROTRANSPOSON; IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; DNA SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; WHEAT; RETROVIRUSES; EVOLUTION; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; PHYLOGENIES; SEQUENCE; REPEATS AB WIS 2-1A, the first retrotransposon found in wheat, has been recently studied and characterized. Southern hybridization experiments utilizing several species from the Triticeae revealed the presence of homologous sequences in all the taxa tested, showing high levels of interspecific variability and almost no intraspecific differentiation. Further experiments using in situ hybridization in several species showed that the retroposon was almost completely dispersed throughout the genomes tested. These results suggested that WIS 2-1A is an ancient element that probably was present in the unknown common ancestor of the Triticeae and that only under rare circumstances does it become active. DNA fragments homologous to the WIS 2-1A reverse transcriptase gene were isolated from most of the Triticeae species using PCR. The fragments obtained were sequenced and analyzed. Even though the sequence alignment was consistent with the phylogenetic studies made in the past, the genus Thinopyrum showed new evidence for a possible horizontal propagation of the retroelement. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,PLANT SCI UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. JOHN INNES INST,JOHN INNES CTR PLANT SCI RES,NORWICH NR4 7UH,NORFOLK,ENGLAND. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 91 IS 2 BP 367 EP 373 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA RL403 UT WOS:A1995RL40300026 PM 24169787 ER PT J AU LI, ZK PINSON, SRM STANSEL, JW PARK, WD AF LI, ZK PINSON, SRM STANSEL, JW PARK, WD TI IDENTIFICATION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI (QTLS) FOR HEADING DATE AND PLANT HEIGHT IN CULTIVATED RICE (ORYZA-SATIVA L) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE RFLP; QTL; RICE; HEADING DATE; PLANT HEIGHT; PLEIOTROPIC EFFECTS ID MENDELIAN FACTORS; REGISTRATION AB 'Lemont' and 'Teqing' are both semidwarf rice varieties that differ in heading date by only 6 days. However, when 'Lemont' and 'Teqing' are crossed there is transgressive segregation for both heading date (HD) and plant height (PH). By testing 2418 F-4 lines with 113 well-distributed RFLP markers, we identified and mapped chromosomal regions that were largely responsible for this transgressive segregation. QHd3a, a QTL from 'Lemont' that gives 8 days earlier heading, was identified on chromosome 3 approximately 3 cM from the marker RG348. Another QTL with a large effect, QHd8a, which gives 7 days earlier heading, was identified on chromosome 8 of 'Teqing' between RG20 and RG1034. Along with a QTL, QHd9a with a phenotypic effect of 3.5 days, these genomic regions collectively explain 76.5% of the observed phenotypic variance in heading date. Four QTLs which altered plant height from 4 to 7 cm were also mapped; these collectively explain 48.8% of the observed phenotypic variation in plant height. None of the QTLs for plant height mapped to chromosome 1, the location of the semidwarf gene sd-1. All three of the HD loci mapped to approximately the same genomic locations as PH QTLs, and in all cases, there was a reduction in height of approximately 1 cm for every day of earlier heading. The correspondence between the HD and some of the PH loci suggests that genes at these chromosome locations may have pleiotropic effects on both HD and PH. The observed heterosis in the F-1 plants for HD can be largely explained by the dominance for earliness of the identified HD loci and distribution of earlier heading alleles in the parents. However, overdominance observed at one of the PH QTL may, at least in part, be responsible for the observed heterosis in PH. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,CTR AGR RES & EXTENS,BEAUMONT,TX 77713. USDA ARS,BEAUMONT,TX 77713. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP LI, ZK (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,CTR CROP BIOTECHNOL,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 28 TC 194 Z9 283 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 91 IS 2 BP 374 EP 381 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA RL403 UT WOS:A1995RL40300027 PM 24169788 ER PT J AU LI, ZK PINSON, SRM MARCHETTI, MA STANSEL, JW PARK, WD AF LI, ZK PINSON, SRM MARCHETTI, MA STANSEL, JW PARK, WD TI CHARACTERIZATION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI (QTLS) IN CULTIVATED RICE CONTRIBUTING TO FIELD-RESISTANCE TO SHEATH BLIGHT (RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE RFLP MARKERS; QTL MAPPING; RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L); DISEASE RESISTANCE; SHEATH BLIGHT (RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI); MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS ID YIELD AB Sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the most important diseases of rice. Despite extensive searches of the rice germ plasm, the major gene(s) which give complete resistance to the fungus have not been identified. However, there is much variation in quantitatively inherited resistance to R. solani, and this type of resistance can offer adequate protection against the pathogen under field conditions. Using 255 F-4 bulked populations from a cross between the susceptible variety 'Lemont' and the resistant variety 'Teqing', 2 years of field disease evaluation and 113 well-distributed RFLP markers, we identified six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributing to resistance to R. solani. These QTLs are located on 6 of the 12 rice chromosomes and collectively explain approxi mately 60% of the genotypic variation or 47% of the phenotypic Variation in the 'Lemont' x 'Teqing' cross. One of these resistance QTLs (QSbr4a), which accounted for 6% of the genotypic Variation in resistance to R. solani, appeared to be independent of associated morphological traits. The remaining five putative resistance loci (QSbr2a, QSbr3a, QSbr8a, QSbr9a and QSbr12a) all mapped to chromosomal regions also associated with increased plant height, three of which were also associated with QTLs causing later heading. This was consistent with the observation that heading date and plant height accounted for 47% of the genotypic variation in resistance to R. solani in this population. There were also weak associations between resistance to R. solani and leaf width, which were likely due to linkage with a QTL for this trait rather than to a physiological relationship. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,CTR AGR & EXTENS,BEAUMONT,TX 77713. USDA ARS,BEAUMONT,TX 77713. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP LI, ZK (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,CTR CROP BIOTECHNOL,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 11 TC 113 Z9 146 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 91 IS 2 BP 382 EP 388 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA RL403 UT WOS:A1995RL40300028 PM 24169789 ER PT J AU THOMASSON, JA SHEARER, SA AF THOMASSON, JA SHEARER, SA TI CORRELATION OF NIR DATA WITH COTTON QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE COTTON; NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; FIBER QUALIFY ID SURFACE AB A desire for improvement of the state of the art in cotton quality measurements, and for application of such measurements to the ginning process, has prompted investigation of near-infrared reflectance (NIR) as a means of measuring different cotton quality characteristics. Cotton samples from five different cotton sources covering a range of white color grades were ginned with three different lint-cleaner treatments. The lint samples then underwent a full set of High Volume Instrument quality tests at a cotton classing office. The samples were subsequently measured on an NIR spectrophotometer at 2-nm intervals from 1100 to 2500 nm. These 700 measurements were averaged into 14 bands of 100 nm in width. Ratios of the bands were calculated and statistical model selection procedures were used to establish optimal regression models she quality characteristics with continuous values. Correlations of the models to the quality characteristics were also calculated Optimal models showed the following R(2) values in relation to their corresponding cotton quality characteristics-0.88 for reflectance, 0.85 for yellowness, 0.60 for trash content, 0.96 for micronaire, 0.73 for strength, 0.79 for length, and 0.67 for length uniformity. The NIR ratios were also employed in discriminant analyses to establish models for classifcation of discrete attributes of the cotton samples. Classification accuracies were 93% for cotton source, 91% for combined source and lint-cleaner treatment, 93% for color grade, and 70% for color-grade quadrant. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGR ENGN,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. RP THOMASSON, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US COTTON GINNING LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. RI Shearer, Scott/C-8055-2012 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1005 EP 1010 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RR021 UT WOS:A1995RR02100003 ER PT J AU ADAM, KM ERBACH, DC AF ADAM, KM ERBACH, DC TI RELATIONSHIP OF TIRE SINKAGE DEPTH TO DEPTH OF SOIL COMPACTION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS; AXLE LOAD; INFLATION; CONTACT PRESSURE; SOIL BULK DENSITY; SOIL WATER CONTENT AB A relationship between tire sinkage depth and depth at which traffic increased bulk density by 0.05 Mg/m(3) was developed from data in published literature. Laboratory and field experiments were also conducted to verify the relationship. In the laboratory, a universal testing machine was used with the aid of dimensional analysis and modeling theory to physically simulate compaction by a tractor tire. An oval metal plate 100 mm wide and 122 mm long was used to apply stresses of 25, 50, 100, and 150 kPa to soil in containers. Three soil water contents were used. For field verification, a tractor was used to traffic soil. Different tire inflation pressures and loads were used to create different tire sinkage depths. Differences in bulk density were used to determine depth at which applied stress caused significant soil compaction. Based on previous research and on laboratory and field experiments, compaction depth, Y, was found to be related to sinkage depth, X, by the empirical equation, Y = bX(m) where b and m are regression constants. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP ADAM, KM (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1011 EP 1016 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RR021 UT WOS:A1995RR02100004 ER PT J AU HOWELL, TA SCHNEIDER, AD DUSEK, DA MAREK, TH STEINER, JL AF HOWELL, TA SCHNEIDER, AD DUSEK, DA MAREK, TH STEINER, JL TI CALIBRATION AND SCALE PERFORMANCE OF BUSHLAND WEIGHING LYSIMETERS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; LOAD CELLS; LYSIMETERS; SCALES; WIND AB Weighing lysimetry is the primary method to directly measure evapotranspiration, and the scale performance of weighing lysimeters is often affected by wind loading. This study was conducted to calibrate the weighing lysimeters at Bushland, Texas, and to determine the effects of wind on the measurement accuracy of the lysimeter scales. Applied mass amounts equivalent to 150% of the lysimeter range were applied, and lysimeter scale calibrations were determined. Wind influences were measured by covering the lysimeters with a rubber sheet to minimize evaporation during an extended period. The lysimeters were sensitive to mass changes as small as 0.05 mm (450 g), highly linear with less than 1% total error over the 250-mm range (2.25 Mg), insensitive to load distribution on the lysimeter surface, and sensitive to surface pressures created by wind loading. The effects of wind can be minimized with data smoothing but not eliminated. The USDA-ARS weighing lysimeters at Bushland Texas, have evapotranspiration measurement accuracy necessary to determine evapotranspiration rates as small as 0.05 to 0.1 mm/h over time periods of 30-min or greater. C1 TEXAS AGR RES & EXTENS CTR,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,AMARILLO,TX. USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES LAB,WATKINSVILLE,GA. RP HOWELL, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 19 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1019 EP 1024 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RR021 UT WOS:A1995RR02100008 ER PT J AU SAXTON, KE AF SAXTON, KE TI WIND EROSION AND ITS IMPACT ON OFF-SITE AIR-QUALITY IN THE COLUMBIA PLATEAU - AN INTEGRATED RESEARCH PLAN SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE WIND EROSION; AIR QUALITY; CONSERVATION; DRYLAND; CEREAL; MODELS; DUST; PARTICULATE; PM(10) ID NEW-MEXICO; SOIL; FIELD; PREDICTION; SEDIMENT; ABRASION; PROFILE; MATTER; MODEL; COSTS AB With the advent of the 1990 Clean Air Act came the responsibility to monitor and control fugitive air particulates with diameters less than 10 micron (IO x 10(-6)-m, PM(10)). Many urban areas, particularly in the Western United States, have experienced concentrations of these particulates which exceeded the federal health standards of this legislation a sufficient number of days that costly remedial measures have been required. In several of these cases, it has been evident that a significant amount of this material was generated by wind erosion on upwind agricultural fields, entrained in the regional air mass, and impacted downwind urban areas. There is an urgent need to better define the hazards and controls of PM(10) particulate material emitted by wind erosion on agricultural lands. It is not possible with current knowledge to determine the quantity of PM(10) material emitted from agricultural areas or to prescribe appropriate control methods. An extensive research and evaluation plan has been developed and initiated for the Columbia Plateau of Eastern Washington State with multi-disciplinary and multi-agency involvement. RP SAXTON, KE (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BIOL SYST ENGN,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 70 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1031 EP 1038 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RR021 UT WOS:A1995RR02100010 ER PT J AU MCGREGOR, KC BINGNER, RL BOWIE, AJ FOSTER, GR AF MCGREGOR, KC BINGNER, RL BOWIE, AJ FOSTER, GR TI EROSIVITY INDEX VALUES FOR NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE R VALUES; RAINFALL ENERGY; RUSLE; USLE ID EROSION INDEX; PREDICTION AB Annual rainfall erosivity (R) values during 1982 to 1992 were computed from 29 standard recording rain gages in or adjacent to the 21.3 km(2) Goodwin Creek Watershed near Batesville, Mississippi, using Brown-Foster, McGregor-Mutchler, Agriculture Handbook 282, and Agriculture Handbook 537 procedures. The computations were made to determine the adequacy of previously recommended erosivity Values for northern Mississippi. Computed R values were substantially higher than interpolated values given in Agriculture Handbooks 282 and 537, or the User's Guide for the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). The interpolated value from the iso-erodent map used in RUSLE is only about 5790 MJ . mm .(ha . h)(-1). The average annual R value computed with the Brown-Foster equation for the 29 rain gages was 7968 MJ . mm .(ha . h)(-1) for all storms with no limitations on storm size or intensity parameters, 7719 MJ . mm .(ha . h)(-1) for all storms but with a limitation of 64 mm/h on the 130 parameter of the energy-intensity (EI) product, and 7515 MJ . mm .(ha . h)(-1) where (1) storms less than 13 mm were excluded unless the storms contained 15-min rainfall intensities of 25 mm/h or more, and (2) the maximum 30-min intensity in the EI product was limited to 64 mm/h. This latter R value was still 30% higher than the R value obtained from the Users Guide for RUSLE. Various limitations that have previously been recommended for use in calculating R values were found to affect R totals from less than one to less than 4%. This is the second study in northern Mississippi, on different intensively gaged watersheds, that has shown significantly higher measured R values than previously recommended. Results from these studies also have been supported by measurements taken at Holly Springs, Mississippi, during erosion related research during a 25-year period. These results indicate that R values in the mid-south should be recomputed using modern rainfall data to replace existing iso-erodent index maps in which estimates of erosivity often were based on regression equations rather than measured values. Preparation of a standard erosivity map for the complete eastern United States also is recommended, especially considering the availability and ease of analyzing modern rainfall computations, and the advantage of having a standard erosivity map based on measurements. RP MCGREGOR, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 21 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1039 EP 1047 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RR021 UT WOS:A1995RR02100011 ER PT J AU FARAHANI, HJ BAUSCH, WC AF FARAHANI, HJ BAUSCH, WC TI PERFORMANCE OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION MODELS FOR MAIZE - BARE SOIL TO CLOSED CANOPY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SOIL RESISTANCE; CANOPY RESISTANCE; MAIZE; PARTIAL CANOPY ID SPARSE CROPS; EVAPORATION; RESISTANCE AB Simulating evapotranspiration (ET) processes in agricultural crop systems requires dynamic models capable of describing the entire range of crop cover. The Shuttleworth and Wallace (S-W) ET model has the potential to fulfill this requirement, but it has not been rigorously tested on crops over the season. A field study assessed the seasonal performance of the Penman-Monteith (P-M) and the S-W ET models against Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB) measurements for irrigated maize during 1993 in Fort Collins, Colorado. The P-M performed poorly at low Leaf Area Index (LAI < 2) because soil evaporation was neglected by the chosen means of calculating surface resistance. Potential model users are warned of possible misapplication of the P-M to partial canopy with the surface resistance defined solely by the canopy resistance. Model performance at higher LAI was satisfactory. Results of the S-W model are encouraging; it performed satisfactorily for the entire range of canopy cover as judged by the simulation of cumulative ET. It deviated by 6, 3, and 4% from cumulative BREB ET for periods of LAI less than or equal to 2, LAI > 2, and over the season, respectively. To facilitate the practical use of the S-W model, simplified and effective methods for determining soil and canopy resistances are needed. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,AERC,USDA ARS,RES SERV,WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP FARAHANI, HJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 25 TC 50 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1049 EP 1059 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RR021 UT WOS:A1995RR02100012 ER PT J AU SMITH, S SCHREIBER, JD CULLUM, RF AF SMITH, S SCHREIBER, JD CULLUM, RF TI UPLAND SOYBEAN PRODUCTION - SURFACE AND SHALLOW GROUNDWATER QUALITY AS AFFECTED BY TILLAGE AND HERBICIDE USE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE TILLAGE; HERBICIDES; WATER QUALITY; FRAGIPAN SOILS; SOYBEANS ID PESTICIDE CONTAMINATION; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; UNITED-STATES; RUNOFF; SOIL; ATRAZINE; LOSSES; METOLACHLOR; METRIBUZIN; TRANSPORT AB Information on the effects of tillage practices on pesticide transport in runoff and shallow groundwater is lacking for much of Mississippi, particularly the uplands of northern Mississippi. Therefore, herbicide transport in surface runoff and shallow groundwater was determined in no-till (NT) and conventional-till (CT) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] watersheds (about 2 ha each) in these loessial uplands (fragipan soils). For the 1991 crop year, runoff losses of the preemerge herbicides metribuzin (4-amino-6-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazin-5-one, Lexone(TM)) and metolachlor [2-chloro-6'-ethyl-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acet-o-toluidide, Dual(TM)] were about 20 and 9%, respectively, of that applied to the NT watershed and about 23 and 11%, respectively, of that applied to the CT watershed. Greater than 90% of these losses occurred as a result of the first runoff event. Although sediment concentrations from the NT watershed were reduced by Mo orders of magnitude compared with the CT watershed, herbicide losses in runoff as well as runoff volumes, were about equal. Herbicide losses in runoff in crop years 1992 and 1993 were lower for both watersheds due to the longer time interval between herbicide application and first runoff. Herbicide movement into the soil profile was greater in the NT watershed. RP SMITH, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,WQEPRU,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1061 EP 1068 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RR021 UT WOS:A1995RR02100013 ER PT J AU ZHANG, XC NEARING, MA RISSE, LM AF ZHANG, XC NEARING, MA RISSE, LM TI ESTIMATION OF GREEN-AMPT CONDUCTIVITY PARAMETERS .1. ROW CROPS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE WEPP; GREEN-AMPT EQUATION; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; RUNOFF PREDICTION; CROP MANAGEMENT ID INFILTRATION; EROSION; TILLAGE; RESIDUE; SOILS AB Parameterization is the key factor affecting the implementation of most infiltration models. For the successful application of the Green-Ampt equation in the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model, procedures for estimating the effective hydraulic conductivity (K-e) must be developed. The objective of this study was to identify the major variables which affect K-e under row-cropped conditions and to develop statistical equations to quantify these relationships for use in WEPP. A total of 328 plot-years of data from natural runoff plots from eight sites was used to develop equations for estimating temporal variability of K-e under row-cropped conditions. The average period of record for each crop management system was approximately nine years, during which an average of 96 storm events was selected for each treatment. Crops included corn, cotton, oars, soybeans, and potatoes. Measured soil, climate, slope, and crop management information was used to build all of the WEPP input files. An optimization program was written to determine K-e for every selected event for which measured and predicted runoff volumes matched. Correlation analyses showed that storm rainfall, total effective surface cover, and their cross-product were strongly related to the optimized K-e. An interactive term consisting of soil properties, storm rainfall, and effective surface cover was developed and used for K-e prediction for row-cropped conditions. The r(2) for model predicted total runoff of the selected events versus the measured was 0.94 and the slope of regression was 1.01. Model efficiencies for individual storm runoff predictions averaged 0.66. The results also showed that seasonal variations of K-e and runoff were adequately represented. RP ZHANG, XC (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,SOIL BLDG,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1069 EP 1077 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RR021 UT WOS:A1995RR02100014 ER PT J AU ZHANG, XC NEARING, MA RISSE, LM AF ZHANG, XC NEARING, MA RISSE, LM TI ESTIMATION OF GREEN-AMPT CONDUCTIVITY PARAMETERS .2. PERENNIAL CROPS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE WEPP; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; GREEN-AMPT EQUATION; RUNOFF PREDICTION; PERENNIAL CROPS ID INFILTRATION; SOIL AB Type and density of vegetation play an important role in affecting water infiltration and altering effective hydraulic conductivity (K-e). To predict infiltration accurately, K-e must be adjusted according to the dynamic changes of the environmental conditions. Thus, adjustment of K-e for different conditions becomes a major task for application of physically based models such as the Green-Ampt equation. The objective of this study was to identify and examine the major variables which affect the adjustment of the Green-Ampt K-e and to develop an estimation procedure for perennial crops for use in the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model. A total of 85 plot-years of data from 13 natural runoff plots at six locations were used. The average length of records in meadow for each management system was seven years. Crops included alfalfa, clover bermuda grass, and brome grass. Cropping systems included both continuous meadow and rotation meadow. Measured soil, climate, slope, and management information was used to build all of the WEPP input files. An optimization program was written to obtain calibrated values of K-e for each of the selected events. The correlation analyses on these calibrated values showed that total effective surface cover, storm rainfall, and the product of the two were highly correlated to K-e under meadow conditions. Effective hydraulic conductivities estimated for row crops were multiplied by a factor of 1.81 for use in companion meadow conditions. The regression line between the mean optimized K-e and the mean predicted K-e fit the data well (r(2) = 0.82). The new equation performed well in predicting both event and annual runoff. The r(2) of the regression between predicted and measured total runoff from all the selected events was 0.94 and the slope was 1.01. Model efficiency, calculated on an event basis, averaged 0.52 for seven of nine data sets, while negative values of model efficiency were obtained for the two data sets from the Geneva, New York, sire. The r(2) and slope of the regression between predicted and measured annual runoff were 0.88 and 1.02, respectively. RP ZHANG, XC (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,SOIL BLDG,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1079 EP 1087 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RR021 UT WOS:A1995RR02100015 ER PT J AU NELSON, SO LAWRENCE, KC AF NELSON, SO LAWRENCE, KC TI NONDESTRUCTIVE MOISTURE DETERMINATION IN INDIVIDUAL PECANS BY RF IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE MOISTURE CONTENT; PECANS; KERNELS; SENSING; IMPEDANCE AB Importance of moisture control in pecans to preserve quality is discussed. The radio;frequency (RF), dual frequency impedance measuring technique to sense moisture content ill individual pecan nuts (in-shell pecans) and shelled pecan kernel halves is described. Previously developed calibration equations for impedance-sensing moisture determination in whole nuts and kernel halves are reviewed, and improved equations are presented for kernel halves. Data are presented on the performance of these equations in predicting the moisture contents of individual in-shell pecans and kernel halves from four validation lots representing different pecan cultivars. Standard errors of prediction (standard deviations of differences between predicted and vacuum-oven moisture determinations) of about 0.8% moisture content were achieved for kernel moisture determined from measurements on both individual whole pecan nuts and individual shelled kernel halves. The technique offers promise for practical use but requires further research and development. RP NELSON, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1147 EP 1151 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RR021 UT WOS:A1995RR02100022 ER PT J AU EIGENBERG, RA HAHN, GL NIENABER, JA PARKHURST, AM KOCHER, MF AF EIGENBERG, RA HAHN, GL NIENABER, JA PARKHURST, AM KOCHER, MF TI TYMPANIC TEMPERATURE DECAY CONSTANTS AS INDEXES OF THERMAL ENVIRONMENTS - SWINE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE TRANSIENT ANALYSIS; THERMAL INDEX; OBJECTIVE MEASURE ID RESPONSES AB A method of estimating the overall hear transfer coefficient of animals based on tympanic temperature transient analysis was developed and tested using swine. The decay characteristics of a tympanic temperature spike were determined for three test environment-28 degrees C with a low airspeed, 28 degrees C with a high airspeed, and 18 degrees C with low airspeed. Each suitable temperature spike was processed by a statistical curve-fitting algorithm to generate the heat transfer coefficient, K, as an integrated thermal index of the energy exchanges between the animal and its environment. Analyses showed that the thermal index for an environment of 28 degrees C with a low airspeed was significantly different (P < 0.026) from the other two treatments, thus indicating the validity of the thermal index. The thermal index, which reflects the physiologic response of the animal to its thermal environment, provides a measure of the physical heat transfer characteristics of the animal. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,LINCOLN,NE. RP EIGENBERG, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1203 EP 1206 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RR021 UT WOS:A1995RR02100031 ER PT J AU ELASSAAD, FG STEWART, LE MALLINSON, ET CARR, LE JOSEPH, SW BERNEY, GE AF ELASSAAD, FG STEWART, LE MALLINSON, ET CARR, LE JOSEPH, SW BERNEY, GE TI DECONTAMINATION OF POULTRY TRANSPORT CAGES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE DECONTAMINATION; CAGES; SALMONELLA; POULTRY ID SALMONELLAE AB Research has shown that broiler transport cages are an important bacteriological link between broiler production and processing facilities. Development of an adequate disinfection system is needed to eliminate or decrease the level of Salmonella entering the processing plant. A laboratory-sized model to simulate actual field conditions was designed and constructed Sample pieces of contaminated poultry crating were tested in the system at different water temperatures, with and without sodium hypochlorite disinfectant, and with and without the presence of organic matter in the water bath. Regression equations were developed to estimate the Salmonella kill on different cage construction materials (i.e., steel, fiberglass, and wood). Experimental results indicated that varying amounts of sodium hypochlorite at different water temperatures were needed to kill Salmonella on different materials. Galvanized steel pieces were decontaminated at 55 degrees C and 500 ppm Clorox(R); fiberglass pieces at 55 degrees C and 1000 ppm Clorox and wood pieces were not decontaminated under the conditions tested. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MICROBIOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA,AGR MKT SERV,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ELASSAAD, FG (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1213 EP 1220 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RR021 UT WOS:A1995RR02100033 ER PT J AU BRAMLETT, DL WILLIAMS, CG BURRIS, LC AF BRAMLETT, DL WILLIAMS, CG BURRIS, LC TI SURROGATE POLLEN INDUCTION SHORTENS THE BREEDING CYCLE IN LOBLOLLY-PINE SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Biology and Control of Reproductive Processes CY AUG 22-26, 1993 CL UNIV VICTORIA, VICTORIA, CANADA SP Int Union Forestry Res Org HO UNIV VICTORIA DE FOREST GENETICS; GRAFTING; POLLEN INDUCTION; TOPWORKING; TREE BREEDING AB Surrogate pollen induction (SPI) was evaluated on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) donor scions from 5-year-old progeny that were grafted by topworking into the lower crowns of 16-year-old loblolly pine receptor clones in a seed orchard. On each of 25 study trees, one of three pollen induction treatments (wire girdle, saw girdle or control) was applied to 10 receptor branches below the graft location. Graft survival was 76%. Of the surviving grafts, 57% produced pollen strobili in March 1993, 13 months after grafting. The pollen induction treatments did not decrease graft survival or increase pollen production. Graft survival did not vary significantly among the donor scion genotypes, but the percentage of grafts with pollen was significantly related to the donor scion genotype. The mean number of pollen clusters induced per ramet also differed significantly among the donor scions. There was a tendency for pollen phenology of the grafted scions to be modified by the receptor clone. We conclude that surrogate pollen induction, coupled with accelerated female flower stimulation, can reduce the breeding schedule in loblolly pine to 3 years. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET,RALEIGH,NC 27695. WEYERHAEUSER CO,HOT SPRINGS,AR 71902. RP BRAMLETT, DL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROUTE 1,BOX 182A,DRY BRANCH,GA 31020, USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 15 IS 7-8 BP 531 EP 535 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RG290 UT WOS:A1995RG29000018 ER PT J AU SCHMIDTLING, RC AF SCHMIDTLING, RC TI GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION OF FOLIAR NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS AND STROBILUS INITIATION IN FERTILIZED LOBLOLLY-PINE SEED ORCHARD RAMETS SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Biology and Control of Reproductive Processes CY AUG 22-26, 1993 CL UNIV VICTORIA, VICTORIA, CANADA SP Int Union Forestry Res Org HO UNIV VICTORIA DE BORON; CLONAL EFFECTS; FLOWERING; MAGNESIUM; MANGANESE; NITROGEN; PINUS TAEDA; ZINC AB Fertilizer was applied annually for eight years to individual ramets in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seed orchard at rates ranging from 0 to 448 kg nitrogen (N) ha(-1) year(-1). Clonal effects accounted for a major source of variation in both flowering and foliar nutrient concentrations. Foliar N concentrations were generally correlated with the intensity of fertilizer application, but were only weakly correlated with flowering. There was a long-term trend for increasing concentrations of foliar manganese (Mn) and boron (B), and decreasing concentrations of magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) with increasing fertilizer rates, although only the differences in Mn concentration were statistically significant. Fertilizer had little effect on the concentrations of other foliar macro- or micronutrients during the study. The optimum fertilizer rate for flowering was 224 kg N ha(-1) year(-1). RP SCHMIDTLING, RC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,GULFPORT,MS 39503, USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 15 IS 7-8 BP 537 EP 543 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RG290 UT WOS:A1995RG29000019 ER PT J AU WISNIEWSKI, M DAVIS, G AF WISNIEWSKI, M DAVIS, G TI IMMUNOGOLD LOCALIZATION OF PECTINS AND GLYCOPROTEINS IN TISSUES OF PEACH WITH REFERENCE TO DEEP SUPERCOOLING SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE PRUNUS PERSICA; DEEP SUPERCOOLING; XYLEM; PECTINS; GLYCOPROTEINS AB Living xylem tissues and floral buds of several species of woody plants survive exposure to freezing temperatures by deep supercooling. A barrier to water loss and the growth of ice crystals into cells is considered necessary for deep supercooling to occur. Pectins, as a constituent of the cell wall, have been implicated in the formation of this barrier. The present study examined the distribution of pectin in xylem and floral bud tissues of peach (Prunus persica). Two monoclonal antibodies (JIM5 and JIM7) that recognize homogalacturonic sequences with varying degrees of esterification were utilized in conjunction with immunogold electron microscopy. Results indicate that highly esterified epitopes of pectin, recognized by JTM7, were the predominant types of pectin in peach and were uniformly distributed throughout the pit membrane and primary cell walls of xylem and floral bud tissues. In contrast, un-esterified epitopes of pectin, recognized by JIMS, were confined to the outer surface of the pit membrane in xylem tissues, In floral buds, these epitopes were localized in middle lamellae, along the outer margin of the cell wall lining empty intercellular spaces, and within filled intercellular spaces. JIM5 labeling was more pronounced in December samples than in July/August samples. Additionally, epitopes of an arabinogalactan protein, recognized by JIM14, were confined to the amorphous layer of the pit membrane. The role of pectins in freezing response is discussed in the context of present theory and it is suggested that pectins may influence both water movement and intrusive growth of ice crystals at freezing temperatures. RP WISNIEWSKI, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 9 IS 5 BP 253 EP 260 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RL696 UT WOS:A1995RL69600003 ER PT J AU Gottwald, TR Timmer, LW AF Gottwald, TR Timmer, LW TI The efficacy of windbreaks in reducing the spread of citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv citri SO TROPICAL AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE citrus canker; Xanthomonas campestris pv citri; disease increase; disease gradient; windbreaks; copper ID DISEASE PROGRESS; ARGENTINA; NURSERIES; GROVES AB The effects of windbreaks and copper (Cu) bactericide applications alone and in combination on the spread of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri (Xcc) and incidence of citrus canker were tested in Argentina during 1990 and 1991. The monomolecular temporal model was the most appropriate for describing citrus canker disease progress. The monomolecular rate of disease progress was significantly less for Cu bactericide and windbreaks compared to an untreated control; however, more significant reductions of disease progress occurred with the use of windbreaks alone or in combination with Cu bactericide. Disease gradients were significantly less extensive when a Cu bactericide was used compared to untreated control plots, with significant additional reductions when windbreaks were employed. Temporal and spatial analyses of citrus canker epidemics the indicated that the use of windbreaks was a moro effective disease control use of a Cu bactericide and significantly reduced temporal disease increase and spatial spread of citrus canker over time. As expected, Cu bactericide did reduce disease increase and spread but not as effectively as windbreaks. Temporal increase and spatial spread of disease associated with A-strain and B-strain of Xcc in lemon plantings were not significantly different indicating that for a susceptible host such as lemon, the two strains are equivalent in virulence and epidemiological potential. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL. RP Gottwald, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 29 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU TROPICAL AGRICULTURE PI TRINIDAD PA UNIV WEST INDIES FAC OF AGRICULTURE ST AUGUSTINE, TRINIDAD, WEST INDIES SN 0041-3216 J9 TROP AGR JI Trop. Agric. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 72 IS 3 BP 194 EP 201 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA TW692 UT WOS:A1995TW69200003 ER PT J AU THOEN, CO HAAS, CA ANGUS, RD TOWNSEND, AS AF THOEN, CO HAAS, CA ANGUS, RD TOWNSEND, AS TI EVALUATION OF A POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE EXTRACT OF BRUCELLA-ABORTUS IN AN ELISA FOR DETECTING BRUCELLA ANTIBODIES IN BULK TANK MILK SAMPLES FROM COWS SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BRUCELLA ABORTUS; ELISA IN MILK; KCL EXTRACT; BRUCELLOSIS; MILK RING TEST ID ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY AB An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using as antigen a potassium chloride extract of Brucella abortus strain 1119-3 for detecting Brucella antibodies in bulk tank samples of cow's milk. Three-hundred-thirty-four Milk Ring Test (MRT) suspicions milk samples originating from cattle herds in 13 states and 106 BRT negative milk samples were analyzed. Fifty-four of 334 MRT suspicious milk samples were positive on ELISA; bacteriologic examinations revealed B. abortus field strain was isolated from cows in 15 herds, B. abortus strain 19 was isolated from cows in 16 herds and serologic suspects were reported in 6 of the other 23 herds. Two-hundred-fifty-eight (85.6%) of the 301 MRT suspicious samples were negative on ELISA; field investigations and/or serologic tests on cattle failed to disclose Brucella infection in these herds. Suspicious ELISA reactions were detected in 22 MRT suspicious bulk tank milk samples; serologic suspects were reported in 8 of the 22 herds. No false positive ELISA reactions were detected in the 106 MRT negative bulk tank milk samples collected from dairy herds in 7 states. C1 USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. RP THOEN, CO (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 45 IS 2-3 BP 185 EP 189 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(94)00120-L PG 5 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA RM170 UT WOS:A1995RM17000008 PM 7571369 ER PT J AU LISLE, TE AF LISLE, TE TI EFFECTS OF COARSE WOODY DEBRIS AND ITS REMOVAL ON A CHANNEL AFFECTED BY THE 1980 ERUPTION OF MOUNT-ST-HELENS, WASHINGTON SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BROWN TROUT; STREAM; MORPHOLOGY; OREGON AB During the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, a pyroclastic surge introduced large volumes of coarse woody debris (CWD) and fine-grained sediment to Clearwater Creek, approximately 15 km northeast of the summit. Effects of controlled CWD removal on sediment storage, substrate, and pool frequency and volume were measured in four reaches, each with three 200-m segments, from 1982 to 1990. In each reach the-upstream segment served as a control with no debris removal, and CWD was totally and selectively removed from the other two segments. Unique among similar experiments are the large size and volume of CWD and the large inputs of fine-grained sediment. Except for segments of two reaches that received debris torrents, the Clearwater channel thalweg scoured until 1985. In three reaches, total debris removal caused additional scour and coarsening of the bed surface compared to segments with no or partial debris removal. Pools contracted from 1982 to 1985 and expanded afterward, especially in control segments. Total debris removal apparently caused pools to become shallower and, in segments of low sinuosity, decreased the frequency of major pools. Habitat complexity decreased after total debris removal, as indicated by a decrease in the standard deviation of residual depth and an increase in the size of substrate patches. RP LISLE, TE (reprint author), USDA,US FOREST SERV,REDWOOD SCI LAB,PACIFIC SW RES STN,1700 BAYVIEW DR,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 34 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1797 EP 1808 DI 10.1029/95WR00734 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA RG411 UT WOS:A1995RG41100017 ER PT J AU BALL, DA KLEPPER, B RYDRYCH, DJ AF BALL, DA KLEPPER, B RYDRYCH, DJ TI COMPARATIVE ABOVEGROUND DEVELOPMENT RATES FOR SEVERAL ANNUAL GRASS WEEDS AND CEREAL-GRAINS SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POABU; BROTE; AVEFA; LOLMU; AEGCY; GROWING DEGREE DAYS; SHOOT DEVELOPMENT; TILLERING; TRITICUM AESTIVUM; HORDEUM VULGARE; TRITCOSECALE ID GOATGRASS AEGILOPS-CYLINDRICA; BROME BROMUS-TECTORUM; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; OATS AVENA-FATUA; WINTER-WHEAT; DOWNY BROME; SHOOT DEVELOPMENT; COMPETITION; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE AB Above-ground seedling development was characterized for five annual grass weeds: downy brome, bulbous bluegrass, jointed goatgrass, Italian ryegrass, wild oat; and three cereals: winter wheat, winter barley, and winter triticale in field experiments over two years. The rate of leaf production on the main stem of each species was linearly related to cumulative growing degree days (GDD) since planting. Leaf production rates were faster for bulbous bluegrass, downy brome, Italian ryegrass, wild oat, and barley than for wheat, triticale, and jointed goatgrass. The main stem development stage when individual tillers appeared was similar in all species except under poor seedbed conditions in 1991, in which case lower-node tillers were delayed in the cereals and jointed goatgrass, but not in most of the weed species. Bulbous bluegrass, downy brome, and barley had the same percentage of plants produce the first four primary tillers on the main stem in both years; the other species showed more year-to-year variation. Seedling heights at full emergence were generally greater for large-seeded species. Small-seeded species compared to large-seeded species tended to have greater relative increases in plant height over time. Knowledge of comparative development rates between these weeds and cereals could provide information for development of growth models for each of the species and could also improve understanding of the competitive relationships between grass weeds and cereal grains. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,USDA ARS,PENDLETON,OR 97801. RP BALL, DA (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,COLUMBIA BASIN AGR RES CTR,POB 370,PENDLETON,OR 97801, USA. NR 41 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 11 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 43 IS 3 BP 410 EP 416 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA RR666 UT WOS:A1995RR66600013 ER PT J AU ABBAS, HK BARRENTINE, WL AF ABBAS, HK BARRENTINE, WL TI ALTERNARIA-HELIANTHI AND IMAZAQUIN FOR CONTROL OF IMAZAQUIN SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT COCKLEBUR (XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM) BIOTYPES SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY; BIOHERBICIDE ID COMPETITION AB The efficacy of Alternaria helianthi on imazaquin-susceptible and -resistant biotypes of common cocklebur was evaluated with and without imazaquin. A. helianthi caused severe damage to both biotypes when applied at 80,000 conidia ml(-1) at the five- to six-leaf stage. Symptoms included necrotic lesions, stunting, and mortality. Mortality from imazaquin at 140 g ai ha(-1) was 0 and 100% and mortality from A. helianthi at 80,000 conidia ml(-1) was 33 to 75% and 67 to 100% for resistant and susceptible biotypes, respectively, and surviving plants showed reduction in height, dry weight, and number of new leaves. The combination of imazaquin at 18 g ai ha(-1) and A. helianthi at 40,000 conidia ml(-1) was not synergistic or antagonistic in killing common cocklebur. C1 DELTA RES & EXT CTR,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP ABBAS, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 43 IS 3 BP 425 EP 428 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA RR666 UT WOS:A1995RR66600015 ER PT J AU MERVOSH, TL STOLLER, EW SIMMONS, FW ELLSWORTH, TR SIMS, GK AF MERVOSH, TL STOLLER, EW SIMMONS, FW ELLSWORTH, TR SIMS, GK TI EFFECTS OF STARCH ENCAPSULATION ON CLOMAZONE AND ATRAZINE MOVEMENT IN SOIL AND CLOMAZONE VOLATILIZATION SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HERBICIDE; TRANSPORT; CONTROLLED RELEASE FORMULATIONS ID PERSISTENCE; EFFICACY; FORMULATIONS; IMAZETHAPYR; IMAZAQUIN; TILLAGE; RELEASE AB The effects of formulation on clomazone volatilization and transport through soil were studied. After 22 days of leaching under unsaturated flow in 49-cm long intact soil cores, greater clomazone movement was observed in Plainfield sand than in Cisne silt loam or Drummer silty clay loam soils. Soil clomazone concentrations resulting in injury to oats occurred throughout Plainfield soil cores but were restricted to the upper 14 cm of Cisne and Drummer soils. In addition, clomazone was detected in the leachate from Plainfield soil only. In a similar study with Plainfield sand cores, clomazone was less mobile than atrazine; encapsulation of the herbicides in starch granules did not affect clomazone movement but greatly decreased atrazine movement from the soil surface. Similarly, starch encapsulation did not affect bioavailability of clomazone but did reduce bioavailability of atrazine. In a laboratory study with continual air flow vola; tilization of clomazone applied to the soil surface was reduced by encapsulation in starch and starch/clay granules. Clomazone volatilization was not affected by soil water content within a range of 33 to 1500 kPa water tension. Following soil saturation with water, clomazone volatilization from both liquid and granular formulations increased. Granule size appeared to have a greater impact than granule composition on clomazone volatilization. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. RI Sims, Gerald/A-2500-2008 NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 43 IS 3 BP 445 EP 453 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA RR666 UT WOS:A1995RR66600018 ER PT J AU KROPP, BR ALBEE, S FLINT, KM ZAMBINO, P SZABO, L THOMSON, SV AF KROPP, BR ALBEE, S FLINT, KM ZAMBINO, P SZABO, L THOMSON, SV TI EARLY DETECTION OF SYSTEMIC RUST INFECTIONS OF DYERS-WOAD (ISATIS-TINCTORIA) USING THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; RIBOSOMAL DNA; MYCOHERBICIDE ID SEQUENCE AB Rust-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) selectively amplified ribosomal DNA of a rust fungus from infected dyers woad. PCR enabled DNA of the fungus to be detected in symptomatic plants as well as in asymptomatic parts of diseased plants. The use of PCR enabled early detection of rust infections in dyers woad plants during their first season when they are often asymptomatic. Dried plant samples stored at room temperature for several months worked as well as lyophilized material for DNA extraction prior to PCR. The PCR detection method should greatly facilitate further studies on the biology and inoculation of this and other systemic rusts that have potential for use in biocontrol of weeds. C1 USDA ARS, CEREAL RUST LAB, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA. US FOREST SERV, FORESTRY SCI LAB, RHINELANDER, WI 54501 USA. RP KROPP, BR (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOL, LOGAN, UT 84322 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 43 IS 3 BP 467 EP 472 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA RR666 UT WOS:A1995RR66600021 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, DT AF PATTERSON, DT TI EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS ON WEED/CROP INTERACTIONS SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of Section XI of WSSA on Ecophysiological Approaches in the Development of Weed Management Strategies, at the WSSA Annual Meeting CY FEB09, 1994 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Weed Sci Soc Amer, Sect Physiol DE COMPETITION; LIGHT; WATER; TEMPERATURE; NUTRIENTS; PH; CLIMATE CHANGE ID SOYBEANS GLYCINE-MAX; COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; JIMSONWEED DATURA-STRAMONIUM; PIGWEED AMARANTHUS-RETROFLEXUS; ANODA ANODA-CRISTATA; CORN ZEA-MAYS; BROADLEAF WEEDS; GROWTH ANALYSIS; WATER RELATIONS AB All environmental factors that influence plant growth potentially can affect the ability of weeds and crops to exploit the environmental resources for which plants compete, Stressful levels of environmental factors such as temperature, light, and water and nutrient availability influence weed/crop interactions directly and also may interfere with (or enhance) weed control. Weed and crop species differing in photosynthetic pathway (C-3 VS C-4) are likely to respond differently to many of these factors. Long-term changes in the atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and other radiatively-active ''greenhouse gases'' may exert direct physiological and indirect climatic effects on weed/crop interactions and influence weed management strategies. This review focuses on the effects of temperature, light, soil nutrients, water stress, and CO2 concentration on weed/crop interactions with consideration of the potential impact of climate change. RP PATTERSON, DT (reprint author), DUKE UNIV, DEPT BOT, USDA ARS, BOX 90340, DURHAM, NC 27708 USA. NR 98 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 25 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 43 IS 3 BP 483 EP 490 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA RR666 UT WOS:A1995RR66600024 ER PT J AU NISSEN, SJ MASTERS, RA LEE, DJ ROWE, ML AF NISSEN, SJ MASTERS, RA LEE, DJ ROWE, ML TI DNA-BASED MARKER SYSTEMS TO DETERMINE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF WEEDY SPECIES AND THEIR APPLICATION TO BIOCONTROL SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of Section XI of WSSA on Ecophysiological Approaches in the Development of Weed Management Strategies, at the WSSA Annual Meeting CY FEB 09, 1994 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Weed Sci Soc Amer, Sect Physiol DE CHLOROPLAST DNA; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; BIOCONTROL ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; EUPHORBIA-ESULA L; CHLOROPLAST DNA; PLASTID DNA; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; BRASSICA; GENOME; REARRANGEMENTS; FRAGMENTS AB DNA-based molecular markers may provide information about introduced weedy species that would be useful in biological weed control efforts. Chloroplast DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (cpDNA RFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis are two DNA-based marker techniques that can provide estimates of genetic variation in native and introduced populations of weedy species. Profiles provided by these techniques could furnish the necessary information to determine the geographic origins of introduced species and provide evidence for multiple introductions. Although DNA-based markers would not necessarily identify the genetic basis for host-pest compatibility, they would enable identification of specific host genotypes. Current criteria for selecting a weedy species as a target for biological control are primarily political and economic. The importance of genetic diversity and population structure in determining the vulnerability of plant populations to insects or diseases has not been fully appreciated. Estimates of genetic diversity based on DNA marker analysis could be used as one criteria for determining which plants are targeted for biological control. The success of biological weed control efforts has been limited by the high levels of genetic diversity occurring in target weed species and the lack of biocontrol agent and target weed compatibilities. DNA-based markers may be used to increase our understanding of these factors and contribute to the success of biological weed control by helping to target the most vulnerable species and provide more realistic expectations of the potential for success given available resources. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 65 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 43 IS 3 BP 504 EP 513 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA RR666 UT WOS:A1995RR66600027 ER PT J AU EVERITT, JH ANDERSON, GL ESCOBAR, DE DAVIS, MR SPENCER, NR ANDRASCIK, RJ AF EVERITT, JH ANDERSON, GL ESCOBAR, DE DAVIS, MR SPENCER, NR ANDRASCIK, RJ TI USE OF REMOTE-SENSING FOR DETECTING AND MAPPING LEAFY SPURGE (EUPHORBIA-ESULA) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COLOR-INFRARED PHOTOGRAPHY; CONVENTIONAL COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY; CONVENTIONAL COLOR VIDEO IMAGERY; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; LIGHT REFLECTANCE AB Leafy spurge is a troublesome, exotic weed in the northern Great Plains of the United States. Leafy spurge produces showy yellow bracts during June that give this weed a conspicuous appearance, A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using remote sensing techniques to detect leafy spurge in this phenological stage, Study sites were located in North Dakota and Montana, Plant canopy reflectance measurements showed that leafy spurge had higher visible (0.63- to 0.69-mu m) reflectance than several associated plant species, The conspicuous yellow bracts of leafy spurge gave it distinct yellow-green and pink images on conventional color and color-infrared aerial photographs, respectively. Leafy spurge also could be distinguished on conventional color video imagery where it had a golden yellow image response. Quantitative data obtained from digitized video images showed that leafy spurge had statistically different digital values from those of associated vegetation and soil, Computer analyses of video images showed that light reflected from leafy spurge populations could be quantified from associated vegetation, This technique permits area estimates of leafy spurge populations. Large format conventional color photographs of Theodore Roosevelt National Park near Medora, ND were digitized and integrated with a geographic information system to produce a map of leafy spurge populations within the park that can be useful to monitor the spread or decline of leafy spurge. RP EVERITT, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING RES UNIT,2413 E HWY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 0 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP 599 EP 609 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA RY864 UT WOS:A1995RY86400030 ER PT J AU SMITH, RL BUSH, RJ SCHMOLDT, DL AF SMITH, RL BUSH, RJ SCHMOLDT, DL TI A HIERARCHICAL MODEL AND ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE ADOPTION OF TIMBER AS A BRIDGE MATERIAL SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TIMBER BRIDGES; DECISION MODELING; ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS; MARKETING AB The Analytical Hierarchy Process was used to characterize the bridge material selection decisions of highway engineers and local highway officials across the United States. State Department of Transportation engineers, private consulting engineers, and local highway officials were personally interviewed in Mississippi, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin to identify how various factors determine their choice of a bridge material. The Analytical Hierarchy Process was used to quantify this subjective data and to model the selection decision for different groups of decision-makers. Prestressed concrete was the material of choice in the majority of cases. This was followed by reinforced concrete, steel, and timber. Local highway officials chose timber more often than did either group of engineers. These results indicate that timber will remain a niche market for bridge applications. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO RES STN,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP SMITH, RL (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT WOOD SCI & FOREST PROD,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 27 IS 3 BP 225 EP 238 PG 14 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA RH381 UT WOS:A1995RH38100003 ER PT J AU AKHTAR, M BLANCHETTE, RA BURNES, TA AF AKHTAR, M BLANCHETTE, RA BURNES, TA TI USING SIMONS STAIN TO PREDICT ENERGY SAVINGS DURING BIOMECHANICAL PULPING SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SIMONS STAIN; FIBER ANALYSIS; FIBRILLATION; MECHANICAL PULPING; BIOPULPING; ENERGY SAVINGS; WHITE-ROT FUNGJ; PHANEROCHAETE CHRYSOSPORIUM; CERIPORIOPSIS SUBVERMISPORA ID CERIPORIOPSIS-SUBVERMISPORA; LOBLOLLY-PINE; STRENGTH; CHIPS AB Pretreatment of wood chips with lignin-degrading fungi can save substantial amounts of electrical energy during a mechanical pulping process. In order to optimize this process, a rapid and reliable method was needed to predict energy savings. In this paper, we examine a fiber staining method that involves the use of Simons stain. This stain for microscopic examination of pulp fibers has been used previously to evaluate the degree of fibrillation in beaten fibers or more recently to differentiate fibers from untreated (control) and fungus-treated wood chips. Aspen or loblolly pine wood chips were treated with white-rot fungi under different experimental conditions in static-bed bioreactors for two or four weeks. At harvest, control and fungus-treated chips were refined through a single-disk mechanical refiner and then evaluated for fiber staining characteristics and the energy consumption during refining. Fibers obtained from control pulps stained a deep blue, whereas those obtained from different biopulps showed different intensities of yellow. The yellowing of biopulp fibers correlated very well with energy savings. The results demonstrate that the Simons staining method can accurately predict appreciable energy savings during biomechanical pulping and therefore can be used as a rapid screening technique to optimize the biopulping process. C1 US FOREST SERV,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP AKHTAR, M (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR BIOTECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 27 IS 3 BP 258 EP 264 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA RH381 UT WOS:A1995RH38100006 ER PT J AU WOLLENWEBER, E DORR, M ROITMAN, JN SCHILLING, E AF WOLLENWEBER, E DORR, M ROITMAN, JN SCHILLING, E TI EXTERNAL FLAVONOIDS OF 3 SPECIES OF VIGUIERA, SECTION HYPARGYREA (ASTERACEAE) SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Note DE VIGUIERA SSP; ASTERACEAE - HELIANTHEAE; LIPOPHILIC EXUDATE; FLAVONOID AGLYCONES ID HELIANTHEAE AB The flavonoid aglycones excreted by aerial parts of three Viguiera species have been analyzed. One of them is a rare natural product. So far unpublished NMR data are reported for three flavones. Each species of V. section Hypargyrea exhibits a distinctive flavonoid profile based on different patterns of methoxylation, but the taxonomic section as a whole is not characaterized by any distinctive characters of its flavonoid chemistry. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT BOT,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP WOLLENWEBER, E (reprint author), TH DARMSTADT,INST BOT,SCHNITTSPAHNSTR 3,D-64287 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 50 IS 7-8 BP 588 EP 590 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RT895 UT WOS:A1995RT89500019 ER PT J AU BRONNER, WE BEECHER, GR AF BRONNER, WE BEECHER, GR TI EXTRACTION AND MEASUREMENT OF PROMINENT FLAVONOIDS IN ORANGE AND GRAPEFRUIT JUICE CONCENTRATES SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLAVANONE GLYCOSIDES; NARINGIN; CITRUS AB A procedure has been developed for determining levels of the major flavonoids in orange and grapefruit juice concentrates. Following addition of an internal standard, commercial juice concentrates were extracted multiple times with methanol, centrifuged, then filtered. Filtrates were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography employing UV-Vis detection. Flavonoids present in the extracts were separated on a C-18 column with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of water-acetonitrile-2-propanol-formic acid (158:23:19:0.2, v/v). A second separation of juice extracts on the same HPLC column with a water-tetrahydrofuran mobile phase (18:7, v/v) was used to confirm the identity of the flavonoids present. By comparing UV-Vis spectra and retention times with commercial standards chromatographed under identical conditions, three flavanone glycosides were identified and quantitated. The two brands of orange juice concentrate examined were found to contain 120 and 150 mg hg(-1) hesperidin (where he corresponds to 100 g), along with 24 and 30 mg hg(-1) narirutin. The two brands of grapefruit juice concentrate examined contained 62 and 68 mg hg(-1) narirutin, and identical levels of naringin (200 mg hg(-1)). Consistent with several previously published reports, these high levels indicate citrus can be a major source of flavonoids in the diet. RP BRONNER, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,FOOD COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 30 PY 1995 VL 705 IS 2 BP 247 EP 256 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00304-6 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RH142 UT WOS:A1995RH14200007 ER PT J AU MA, DP TAN, H SI, Y CREECH, RG JENKINS, JN AF MA, DP TAN, H SI, Y CREECH, RG JENKINS, JN TI DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF A LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN GENE IN COTTON FIBER SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-LIPIDS AND LIPID METABOLISM LA English DT Note DE CDNA LIBRARY; NORTHERN ANALYSIS; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SIGNAL PEPTIDE ID PHOSPHOLIPID-TRANSFER PROTEIN; AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE; FULL-LENGTH CDNA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; BARLEY; MAIZE; INHIBITORS; PATTERN; STRAND AB A full-length cDNA clone, GH3, has been isolated from a cotton fiber cDNA library using a differential screening method. The nucleotide and derived amino acid sequence data show that GH3 encodes a lipid transfer protein (LTP) of 120 amino acids. The presence of a transmembrane signal peptide at the N-terminal of the protein would suggest its possible outer cellular location in fiber cells. Northern analysis indicates that the GH3 gene is developmentally regulated. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP MA, DP (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 34 TC 43 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2760 J9 BBA-LIPID LIPID MET JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Lipids Lipid Metab. PD JUN 27 PY 1995 VL 1257 IS 1 BP 81 EP 84 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA RG216 UT WOS:A1995RG21600010 PM 7599183 ER PT J AU BLACKBURN, MB WAGNER, RM KOCHANSKY, JP HARRISON, DJ THOMASLAEMONT, P RAINA, AK AF BLACKBURN, MB WAGNER, RM KOCHANSKY, JP HARRISON, DJ THOMASLAEMONT, P RAINA, AK TI THE IDENTIFICATION OF 2 MYOINHIBITORY PEPTIDES, WITH SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES TO THE GALANINS, ISOLATED FROM THE VENTRAL NERVE CORD OF MANDUCA-SEXTA SO REGULATORY PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE INSECT; LEPIDOPTERA; ILEUM; HINDGUT; LOCUSTAMYOINHIBITING PEPTIDE ID LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; LOCALIZATION; SPHINCTER; HORMONE; SYSTEM AB Two new myoinhibitory peptides, Mas-MIP I and Mas-MIP II, were identified from the ventral nerve cord of the adult tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. Sequences obtained by a combination of automated Edman degradation and electrospray mass spectrometry were, respectively, AWQDLNSAW and GWQDLNSAW. The native peptides were found to co-elute with synthetic C-terminal amides on a reverse phase HPLC system. When applied to isolated ilea (anterior hindgut) of adult M. sexta, both peptides were found to significantly reduce the rate of peristalsis, or abolish peristalsis entirely, at concentrations of 1 . 10(-9) M. Both peptides share sequence similarities with Lom-MIP, a previously identified myoinhibitory peptide from Locusta migratoria, and with the N-terminal portion of vertebrate peptides in the galanin family. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, PSI, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 79 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-0115 J9 REGUL PEPTIDES JI Regul. Pept. PD JUN 27 PY 1995 VL 57 IS 3 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1016/0167-0115(95)00034-9 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA RH097 UT WOS:A1995RH09700002 PM 7480870 ER PT J AU KELLY, TJ THYAGARAJA, BS BELL, RA MASLER, EP AF KELLY, TJ THYAGARAJA, BS BELL, RA MASLER, EP TI A NOVEL LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT ECDYSIOTROPIN IN POSTDIAPAUSE, PREHATCH EGGS OF THE GYPSY-MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR L (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) SO REGULATORY PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE EMBRYO; PROTHORACICOTROPIC HORMONE; DIAPAUSE; UNIVOLTINE; ECDYSTEROID ID DEVELOPMENT NEUROSECRETORY HORMONE; PROTHORACICOTROPIC HORMONE; BOMBYX-MORI; DEVELOPING EMBRYOS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; IDENTIFICATION; NEUROHORMONES; SILKWORM; INVITRO; INSTAR AB Extracts of post-diapause, pre-hatch eggs of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. were examined for prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)-like activity using an in vitro assay involving last-instar prothoracic glands (PGs). The eggs were extracted in water, eluted from a low-pressure C-18-silica cartridge in 60 % acetonitrile, and fractionated on a high-performance, size-exclusion column. The primary ecdysiotropic activity eluted with an estimated molecular weight of 2.1 kDa far below the 4-7 kDa size determined for the low molecular weight PTTHs (bombyxins). Dose-response analysis revealed that the maximum activation was reduced by 75% by organic solvent extraction, but the remaining activity retained the ability to maximally activate the PGs 10-fold in vitro. At least some of the ecdysiotropic activity in the post-diapause, pre-hatch egg is localized in the brain of the pharate larva, and this activity increases dramatically prior to hatch when eggs are incubated at 25 degrees C. RP KELLY, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INST PLANT SCI, INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-0115 EI 1873-1686 J9 REGUL PEPTIDES JI Regul. Pept. PD JUN 27 PY 1995 VL 57 IS 3 BP 253 EP 261 DI 10.1016/0167-0115(95)00039-E PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA RH097 UT WOS:A1995RH09700007 PM 7480875 ER PT J AU NACHMAN, RJ ROBERTS, VA HOLMAN, GM BEIER, RC AF NACHMAN, RJ ROBERTS, VA HOLMAN, GM BEIER, RC TI PSEUDODIPEPTIDE ANALOGS OF THE PYROKININ/PBAN (FXPRLA) INSECT NEUROPEPTIDE FAMILY CONTAINING CARBOCYCLIC PRO-MIMETIC CONFORMATIONAL COMPONENTS SO REGULATORY PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE PEPTIDOMIMETICS; COCKROACH; MYOTROPIC; PHEROMONE; DIAPAUSE; CONFORMATION ID BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; PHEROMONE-BIOSYNTHESIS; BOMBYX-MORI; PSEUDALETIA-SEPARATA; ACTIVE CONFORMATION; LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; DIAPAUSE HORMONE; ARMYWORM LARVAE AB Three N-terminal amino acid residues of the C-terminal core pentapeptide Phe-X-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2 (X = Gly, Ser, Thr, Val) of the pryokinin/PBAN insect neuropeptide family were replaced by nonpeptide moieties. To reestablish some of the conformational properties lost upon removal of the peptide bonds and Pro of the three amino acid residue block, carbocyclic Pro-mimetic components were incorporated into pseudodipeptide analogs. The most active analog contained a trans-DL-1,2-cyclopentanedicarboxyl carbocyclic component and proved to be over 3 orders of magnitude more potent than a simple, straight chain pseudodipeptide analog and approached the potency of the pentapeptide core in a cockroach hindgut myotropic bioassay. The pseudodipeptide analog retains a critical carbonyl residue which can participate in a hydrogen bond that stabilizes a beta-turn conformation in the active core region of the pyrokinin/PBAN peptides. This study demonstrates that knowledge of active conformation can be used to enhance the biological potency of pseudopeptide mimetic analogs of insect neuropeptides. The analogs represent a milestone in the development of pseudopeptide and nonpeptide mimetic analogs of this peptide family, which has been associated with such critical physiological processes as hindgut and oviduct contraction, pheromone biosynthesis, diapause induction, and induction of melanization and reddish coloration in a variety of insects. Mimetic analogs are potentially valuable tools to insect neuroendocrinologists studying these physiological processes and/or engaged in the development of future pest management strategies. C1 Scripps Res Inst, RES INST, DEPT MOLEC BIOL, LA JOLLA, CA 92037 USA. RP NACHMAN, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB, 2881 F&B RD, COLLEGE STN, TX 77845 USA. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-0115 J9 REGUL PEPTIDES JI Regul. Pept. PD JUN 27 PY 1995 VL 57 IS 3 BP 359 EP 370 DI 10.1016/0167-0115(95)00049-H PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA RH097 UT WOS:A1995RH09700017 PM 7480885 ER PT J AU SCHOOFS, L HOLMAN, GM AF SCHOOFS, L HOLMAN, GM TI REGULATORY PEPTIDES IN INSECTS - PREFACE SO REGULATORY PEPTIDES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS,FAPRL,COLLEGE STN,TX. RP SCHOOFS, L (reprint author), KATHOLIEKE UNIV LEUVEN,INST ZOOL,LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-0115 J9 REGUL PEPTIDES JI Regul. Pept. PD JUN 27 PY 1995 VL 57 IS 3 BP R3 EP R4 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA RH097 UT WOS:A1995RH09700001 ER PT J AU BECHTEL, SE COOPER, JA FOREST, MG PETERSSON, NA REICHARD, DL SALEH, A VENKATARAMANAN, V AF BECHTEL, SE COOPER, JA FOREST, MG PETERSSON, NA REICHARD, DL SALEH, A VENKATARAMANAN, V TI A NEW MODEL TO DETERMINE DYNAMIC SURFACE-TENSION AND ELONGATIONAL VISCOSITY USING OSCILLATING JET MEASUREMENTS SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID AIR WATER INTERFACE; ADSORPTION-KINETICS; DROPS; BREAKUP AB We present an integro-differential equation model which, combined with experimental measurements of an oscillating free surface jet, calculates dynamic surface tension and elongational viscosity of a fluid. Our model builds upon previous models due to Rayleigh and Bohr in that it self-consistently incorporates the effects of viscosity and gravity. Further, surface tension and viscosity are allowed to be non-constant. The principal result of this paper is a technique for the measurement of surface tension of newly forming surfaces on the millisecond timescale relevant for agricultural spray mixtures. Coincidentally, our model independently yields the elongational viscosity of the fluid, although our present experimental apparatus limits the accuracy of measurement of this material property. In this paper we take measurements from physical jet experiments and implement our inverse model to deduce these material properties. The model is first benchmarked against standard techniques on a well-characterized fluid with constant surface tension and Newtonian viscosity. We then apply our method to an agricultural spray mixture, with non-constant surface tension and non-Newtonian theology. We measure (i) the rapid decay of surface tension from the newly formed surface (aged less than a millisecond) to the much lower equilibrium value, and (ii) the rate dependence of elongational viscosity. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV, DEPT MATH, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. OHIO STATE UNIV, DEPT CIVIL ENGN, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, WOOSTER, OH 44691 USA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, CTR NONLINEAR STUDIES, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. RP OHIO STATE UNIV, DEPT ENGN MECH, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD JUN 25 PY 1995 VL 293 BP 379 EP 403 DI 10.1017/S0022112095001753 PG 25 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA RG541 UT WOS:A1995RG54100016 ER PT J AU PATERSON, AH SCHERTZ, KF LIN, YR LIU, SC CHANG, YL AF PATERSON, AH SCHERTZ, KF LIN, YR LIU, SC CHANG, YL TI THE WEEDINESS OF WILD PLANTS - MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF GENES INFLUENCING DISPERSAL AND PERSISTENCE OF JOHNSONGRASS, SORGHUM-HALEPENSE (L) PERS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE POACEAE; RHIZOMES; GENOME MAPPING; BIOTECHNOLOGY RISK ASSESSMENT; PLANT GROWTH REGULATION ID UNDERLYING QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; MENDELIAN FACTORS; LINKAGE MAPS; GRASS; RICE AB Many major weeds rely upon vegetative dispersal by rhizomes and seed dispersal by ''shattering'' of the mature inflorescence. We report molecular analysis of these traits in a cross between cultivated and wild species of Sorghum that are the probable progenitors of the major weed ''johnsongrass.'' By restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping, variation in the number of rhizomes producing above-ground shoots was associated with three quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Variation in regrowth (ratooning) after overwintering was associated with QTLs accounting for additional rhizomatous growth and with QTLs influencing tillering. Vegetative buds that become rhizomes are similar to those that become tillers-one QTL appears to influence the number of such vegetative buds available, and additional independent genes determine whether individual buds differentiate into tillers or rhizomes. DNA markers described herein facilitate cloning of genes associated with weediness, comparative study of rhizomatousness in other Poaceae, and assessment of gene flow between cultivated and weedy sorghums-a risk that constrains improvement of sorghum through biotechnology. Cloning of ''weediness'' genes may create opportunities for plant growth regulation, in suppressing propagation of weeds and enhancing productivity of major forage, turf, and ''ratoon'' crops. C1 USDA,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP PATERSON, AH (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. OI Lin, Yann-rong/0000-0001-6833-8276 NR 33 TC 129 Z9 140 U1 4 U2 33 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 20 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 13 BP 6127 EP 6131 DI 10.1073/pnas.92.13.6127 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RF050 UT WOS:A1995RF05000076 PM 11607551 ER PT J AU VLCEK, C BENES, V LU, ZQ KUTISH, GF PACES, V ROCK, D LETCHWORTH, GJ SCHWYZER, M AF VLCEK, C BENES, V LU, ZQ KUTISH, GF PACES, V ROCK, D LETCHWORTH, GJ SCHWYZER, M TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF A 30-KB REGION OF THE BOVINE HERPESVIRUS-1 GENOME WHICH EXHIBITS A COLINEAR GENE ARRANGEMENT WITH THE UL21 TO UL4 GENES OF HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONSERVED HELICASE MOTIFS; VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS; COMPLETE DNA-SEQUENCE; RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS; TYPE-1; PROTEINS; PRIMASE; PRODUCT; GLYCOPROTEIN; REPLICATION AB We report the nucleotide sequence of the 19-kb HindIII fragment B of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) DNA and adjacent parts of the HindIII A and L fragments, which together span a still completely uncharted 30-kb region located between the glycoprotein H gene and the right end of the unique long segment The analysis revealed 17 complete open reading frames (ORFs) and 2 ORFs that were interrupted by potential splice donor and acceptor sites. All of these ORFs exhibited strong amino acid sequence homology to the gene products of other alphaherpesviruses. The BHV-1 ORFs were arranged colinearly with the prototype sequence of herpes simplex virus 1 in the range of the UL21 to UL4 genes. Colinearity was also observed with the genes of betaherpesviruses and gamma herpesviruses, although not all ORFs exhibited clear sequence homology. The possible functions of the proteins encoded within the sequenced region are assessed and features found are discussed. Unexpected findings include the following: high amino acid sequence conservation among alphaherpesviruses despite large differences in G + C content, ranging from 45% for varicella tester virus to 72% for BHV-1; high similarity with other UL20 proteins al the predicted structural level in spite of relatively low amino acid homology; and a 2-kb open reading frame overlapping UL19 in the opposite sense and exhibiting high amino acid similarity to the same area of pseudorabies virus. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 USDA,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV ZURICH,FAC VET MED,INST VIROL,CH-8057 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RP VLCEK, C (reprint author), ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBL,INST MOLEC GENET,FLEMINGOVO NAM 2,CR-16637 PRAGUE 6,CZECH REPUBLIC. RI Vlcek, Cestmir/I-8820-2014 NR 43 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN 20 PY 1995 VL 210 IS 1 BP 100 EP 108 DI 10.1006/viro.1995.1321 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA RE655 UT WOS:A1995RE65500011 PM 7793062 ER PT J AU OTTER, A JEFFREY, M GRIFFITHS, IB DUBEY, JP AF OTTER, A JEFFREY, M GRIFFITHS, IB DUBEY, JP TI A SURVEY OF THE INCIDENCE OF NEOSPORA-CANINUM INFECTION IN ABORTED AND STILLBORN BOVINE FETUSES IN ENGLAND AND WALES SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID PROTOZOAN INFECTION; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; NEWBORN CALVES; DAIRY-CATTLE; DOGS; CALF; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; TRANSMISSION; APICOMPLEXA; PREVALENCE AB Selected brains and fetal viscera from 190 aborted or stillborn bovine fetuses submitted to Veterinary Investigation Centres in England and Wales between August 1992 and January 1993 were examined histologically. Non-suppurative inflammation of the brain and/or myocardium and placental cotyledons was identified by Light microscopy in 20 (10.5 per cent), An immunocytochemical examination of fixed tissue sections using antisera against Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis species revealed positive immunolabelling for N caninum in the brains of eight (4.2 per cent), but no labelling with anti-T gondii or anti-Sarcocystis species antisera was evident, These results suggest that N caninum may be an important cause of reproductive failure in cattle in England and Wales. C1 MAFF,CTR VET INVEST,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0ER,ENGLAND. LASSWADE VET LAB,PENICUIK EH26 0SA,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Jeffrey, Martin/D-2251-2009; Otter, Arthur/B-5371-2017 OI Otter, Arthur/0000-0003-3523-1418 NR 45 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD JUN 17 PY 1995 VL 136 IS 24 BP 602 EP 606 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RF006 UT WOS:A1995RF00600004 PM 7571263 ER PT J AU GOUDIE, CA SIMCO, BA DAVIS, KB LIU, QH AF GOUDIE, CA SIMCO, BA DAVIS, KB LIU, QH TI PRODUCTION OF GYNOGENETIC AND POLYPLOID CATFISH BY PRESSURE-INDUCED CHROMOSOME SET MANIPULATION SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE GYNOGENS; POLYPLOIDY; ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS; CHROMOSOMES ID DIPLOID RAINBOW-TROUT; CHANNEL CATFISH; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; PLOIDY MANIPULATION; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; ORYZIAS-LATIPES; 1ST CLEAVAGE; SPERM; FISH AB Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) eggs fertilized with sperm from blue catfish (I.furcatus) or channel catfish (60 or 90 s UV-irradiated, 0.08 or 0.12 J/cm(2), respectively; 20-30% motility) were subjected to early hydrostatic pressure (5 min post-fertilization; 8000 psi; 3 min duration) to produce meiotic gynogens or late hydrostatic pressure (90 min post-fertilization) to produce mitotic gynogens. Polyploid hybrid catfish (I.punctatus X I.furcatus) were produced using eggs fertilized with untreated sperm followed by pressure treatments. Eggs fertilized with irradiated sperm (putative haploids) exhibited slow and abnormal development, and did not survive to hatch. Pressure treatments reduced the frequency of normal development at blastula, neurula and tailbud stages compared with stripped controls, Relative survival at 1.5 months was 2% for meiotic and 0.2% for mitotic gynogens, and 66% for triploid and 8% for tetraploid groups, compared with 27% survival of stripped controls. Sex ratios varied among families in hybrid groups but averaged close to 1:1 male:female, whereas offspring in gynogenetic families were all female, Particle size analysis of erythrocyte nuclear volumes indicated 91-100% triploidy induction, but only 4% tetraploidy induction, Although the numbers of gynogenetic channel catfish produced were small, the more than 500 viable offspring surviving represent foundation broodstock to facilitate genetic improvement strategies in this commercially important species. C1 MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,DIV ECOL & ORGANISMAL BIOL,ECOL RES CTR,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. RP GOUDIE, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CATFISH GENET RES UNIT,POB 38,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 46 TC 48 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUN 15 PY 1995 VL 133 IS 3-4 BP 185 EP 198 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(94)00367-W PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RG042 UT WOS:A1995RG04200002 ER PT J AU QIN, MM LEE, E ZANKEL, T OW, DW AF QIN, MM LEE, E ZANKEL, T OW, DW TI SITE-SPECIFIC CLEAVAGE OF CHROMOSOMES IN-VITRO THROUGH CRE-LOX RECOMBINATION SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRIPLE-HELIX FORMATION; SINGLE-SITE; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; MOBILE INTRONS; YEAST; DROSOPHILA; DNA; GENOME; GENE; MOSAICS AB Site-specific recombination systems are useful tools for chromosome engineering in vivo and site-specific DNA cleavage methods have applications in genome analysis and gene isolation. Here, we report a new method to fragment chromosomes in vitro using the Cre-lox site-specific recombination system. Two lox sites were targeted into the 5.7 Mb chromosome I of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In vitro recombination between chromosomal lox sites and exogenously provided lox oligonucleotides 'cleaved' the chromosome at the defined lox sequences. Site-specific cleavage of lox sites in the tobacco genome was also demonstrated. This recombination-based cleavage method provides a novel approach for structural and functional analyses of eukaryotic chromosomes as it allows direct isolation of chromosome regions that correspond to phenotypes revealed through Cre-lox mediated chromosome rearrangements in vivo. Moreover, recombination with end-labeled lox oligonucleotides would permit the specific end-labeling of chromosome segments to facilitate the long range mapping of chromosomes. C1 USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUN 11 PY 1995 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1923 EP 1927 DI 10.1093/nar/23.11.1923 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA RE996 UT WOS:A1995RE99600013 PM 7596819 ER PT J AU FISCHER, JB MICHAEL, JL AF FISCHER, JB MICHAEL, JL TI THERMOSPRAY IONIZATION LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY AND CHEMICAL-IONIZATION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY OF HEXAZINONE METABOLITES IN SOIL AND VEGETATION EXTRACTS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENCE; MOBILITY; DEGRADATION; RESIDUES; RELEASE AB We have used thermospray LC-MS to confirm three highly polar metabolites (A, B, and G) of the herbicide hexazinone [3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione], and chemical ionization GC-MS to confirm two other metabolites (D and E) in extracts of soil and vegetation from a forest in the Central Alabama Piedmont. Selected-ion monitoring (SIM) of the protonated molecular ions of metabolite A [3-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)-6-(dimethyiamino)-1-methyl,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione] at mass-to-charge ratio (mit) 269 and metabolite B [3-cyclohexyl-6-(methylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione) at mit 239 gave matrix detection limits (MDLs) of 25 ppb (ng/g) and 50 ppb, respectively, in 10 g vegetation samples. MS quantitation for A and B generally confirmed high-performance liquid chromatography data. SIM of the protonated molecular ion of metabolite G (3-cyclohexyl-6-(methylamino)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione] at mit 225 afforded an MDL of 5 ppb in 50 g topsoil samples. Metabolite G was not confirmed above the MDL in any of the soils tested. Chemical ionization CC-MS using methane reagent gas gave strong ion signals for metabolite D [3-cyclohexyl-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,SH)-trione] at mit 226 and 144 and metabolite E [3-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,SH)-trione] at mit 242, 224, and 144. SIM at these masses afforded MDLs of 50 ppb for D and 400 ppb for E in 10 g vegetation samples. RP FISCHER, JB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,GEORGE W ANDREWS FOREST SCI LAB,DEVALL DR,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 2 PY 1995 VL 704 IS 1 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00168-M PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RD314 UT WOS:A1995RD31400013 ER PT J AU AHMAD, E BROOKS, JE HUSSAIN, I KHAN, MH AF AHMAD, E BROOKS, JE HUSSAIN, I KHAN, MH TI REPRODUCTION IN EURASIAN WILD BOAR IN CENTRAL PUNJAB, PAKISTAN SO ACTA THERIOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE SUS SCROFA; REPRODUCTION; CENTRAL PAKISTAN ID SUS-SCROFA L; AGE-DETERMINATION; FERAL PIGS; HOG AB Five hundred nineteen Eurasian wild boar Sas scrofa (Linneaus, 1758) were collected from March 1987 to July 1990 by shooting in crop and noncrop areas of central Punjab, Pakistan. The male-to-female ratio was 45.7 to 54.3. The age composition consisted of 48% of the boar being less than or equal to 12 months; 29%, 13 to 24 months; and 23% > 24 months. Males attained sexual maturity between the ages of 5 to 7 months and females between 4 and 6 months. The testes weights of males changed seasonally, as did the ovarian weights in females. Pregnancies were recorded primarily between February and May; a few were seen in August and September. Almost 32% of all sexually mature females were visibly pregnant during the study. Most animals were born during the months of April through September. Overall litter sizes averaged 5.7 +/- 2.2 (SD). However, the number of young per litter in females < 12 months (4.9 +/- 2.0) was less than, but not statistically different from, the number in females > 12 months (5.9 +/- 2.2). Annual production per female < 24 months averaged only 1.3 young, while females > 24 months averaged 3 young. The interaction of photoperiod, summer rainfall, and vegetation development probably determines the timing of the breeding seasons each year. C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,ANIM DAMAGE CONTROL,DENVER,CO 80225. NATL AGR RES CTR,VERTEBRATE PEST CONTROL LAB,ISLAMABAD,PAKISTAN. UNIV AGR FAISALABAD,DEPT ENTOMOL,FAISALABAD,PAKISTAN. RP AHMAD, E (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERY & WILDLIFE BIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI BIALOWIEZA PA MAMMAL RESEARCH INST, 17-230 BIALOWIEZA, POLAND SN 0001-7051 J9 ACTA THERIOL JI Acta Theriol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 40 IS 2 BP 163 EP 173 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA RH232 UT WOS:A1995RH23200006 ER PT J AU HARVEY, RB KUBENA, LF ELISSALDE, MH AF HARVEY, RB KUBENA, LF ELISSALDE, MH TI EFFECTS OF AFLATOXIN ON TOCOPHEROL AND RETINOL CONCENTRATIONS IN GROWING BARROWS SO AGRI-PRACTICE LA English DT Article AB The interactive effects of injectable Vitamin E (d-alpha-tocopherol) and aflatoxin (AF) were studied in growing crossbred barrows. Three replicates of three barrows each (total of 9) per treatment group were assigned to the following four treatments: 1) control; 2) 2.5 mg AF/kg of feed (2.5 ppm); 3) 2,400 IU Vitamin E split into equal doses and injected on Days 1 and 16; or 4) 2.5 ppm AF plus 2,400 IU Vitamin E administered the same as in Treatment 2. Diets were fed for 32 days. Clinical performance; hematologic, immunologic, serum biochemical, pathologic, serum and tissue tocopherol; and serum retinol evaluations were made. Aflatoxin adversely affected values of most parameters measured and reduced serum tocopherol and retinol concentrations. Supplemental Vitamin E did not lessen the toxicity of AF. Treatment with Vitamin E alone did increase serum tocopherol compared to pretest values. Vitamin E prevented reductions in cardiac tocopherol levels caused by AF. These results indicate that Vitamin E may not have a sparing effect on aflatoxicosis and that AF exposure might exacerbate Vitamin A and E deficiencies in pigs. RP HARVEY, RB (reprint author), USDA,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU VETERINARY PRACTICE PUBL CO PI SANTA BARBARA PA 7 ASHLEY AVE SOUTH, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93103-9989 SN 0745-452X J9 AGRI-PRACTICE JI Agri-Pract. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 16 IS 6 BP 12 EP 14 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA RL977 UT WOS:A1995RL97700002 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, RC FRYREAR, DW HARRIS, BL BILBRO, JD JUO, ASR AF SCHWARTZ, RC FRYREAR, DW HARRIS, BL BILBRO, JD JUO, ASR TI MEAN FLOW AND SHEAR-STRESS DISTRIBUTIONS AS INFLUENCED BY VEGETATIVE WINDBREAK STRUCTURE SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POROSITY; FENCE AB A major deterrent toward arriving at satisfactory estimates of shelter effect of vegetative windbreaks is the difficulty in quantifying permeability to air flow as a function of directly measured physical parameters such as porosity and plant surface area. This weakness seriously limits the accuracy of both empirical and numerical models in describing the effect of vegetative barriers without first knowing some aspects of the induced flow regime, An aerodynamic study of vegetative windbreaks was conducted in a wind tunnel and in the field to assess the effect of barrier structure upon windward and leeward reductions in near ground mean wind speed and surface shear stress. Results from this study show that decreasing windbreak porosities result in reduced or equivalent wind speeds at all leeward distances. An expression was derived to describe the near ground horizontal distribution of mean relative velocity as a function of the leeward minimum relative velocity, the position of this minimum, and surface roughness length. With the exception of the region in the near lee, this model also allows the estimation of the horizontal distribution of shear stress in the vicinity of a barrier. Minimum relative velocities were adequately described as non-linear functions of barrier porosity or projected plant surface area. However, the vertical distribution of porosity with height, largely controlled by plant form, had a major influence on these relationships. C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,BIG SPRING,TX 79720. RP SCHWARTZ, RC (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 35 TC 27 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 75 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)02206-Y PG 22 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RC939 UT WOS:A1995RC93900001 ER PT J AU REDDY, KR HODGES, HF MCKINION, JM AF REDDY, KR HODGES, HF MCKINION, JM TI CARBON-DIOXIDE AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON PIMA COTTON GROWTH SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE CARBON DIOXIDE; PIMA; COTTON; GOSSYPIUM-BARBADENSE L; TEMPERATURE; LEAF GROWTH; BOLL GROWTH; ABSCISSION ID ELEVATED CO2; RESPONSES; RETENTION AB Temperature and CO2 are major environmental variables that affect plant growth and development. Limited information is available concerning how these factors affect plants, as well as specific interactions between the two. We conducted two experiments in controlled environmental chambers were temperature and CO2 were controlled and other environmental factors were not limiting. The purpose was to determine how cotton grew and responded to a range of temperatures and CO2 concentrations. During vegetative development, stem growth was quite sensitive to CO2 resulting in more effective early-season light capture. Plants did not develop more nodes when exposed to additional CO2, while node number increased more at higher temperatures. Individual leaf growth was about 18% greater at optimum temperature in 450 mul 1(-1) than in 350 mul 1(-1) CO2, but did not increase from 450 mul 1(-1) CO2 to 700 mul 1(-1) CO2. However, the time required for a leaf to reach mature size was not influenced by CO2. Leaf area, on the whole plant basis, was about 33% greater on plants grown at optimum temperature in high CO2 than in ambient CO2. The greater leaf area on a whole plant basis was achieved by a combination of larger leaves and additional leaves produced primarily on the branches. There was a 28% increase in number of bolls produced at 700 mul 1(-1) CO2 at optimum temperature compared with bolls produced at 350 mul 1(-1) CO2. There was not, however, an increase in boll size due to high CO2. At 35.5-degrees-C, little growth response to high CO2 environments occurred at 700 mul 1(-1) CO2 compared with 350 mul 1(-1) CO2, but approximately a 45% increase occurred in the plants grown at 18.9-26.9-degrees-C. Less total biomass was produced at 35.5-degrees-C than at 26.9-degrees-C and no bolls were produced in either CO2 environment at the higher temperature. The most important response to temperature and CO2 occurred at high temperatures where the effects of elevated CO2 on plant growth were masked by apparent high-temperature injury that limited growth of all plant organs, particularly, reproductive growth. C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,CROP SIMULAT RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,BOX 9555,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. OI Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 31 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 54 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(95)00593-H PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RE371 UT WOS:A1995RE37100002 ER PT J AU DELFINADOBAKER, M PENG, CYS AF DELFINADOBAKER, M PENG, CYS TI VARROA-JACOBSONI AND TROPILAELAPS CLAREAE - A PERSPECTIVE OF LIFE-HISTORY AND WHY ASIAN BEE-MITES PREFERRED EUROPEAN HONEY-BEES SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 135 IS 6 BP 415 EP 420 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RK958 UT WOS:A1995RK95800018 ER PT J AU GRAHAM, JH FREEMAN, DC MCARTHUR, ED AF GRAHAM, JH FREEMAN, DC MCARTHUR, ED TI NARROW HYBRID ZONE BETWEEN 2 SUBSPECIES OF BIG SAGEBRUSH (ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA, ASTERACEAE) .2. SELECTION GRADIENTS AND HYBRID FITNESS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID MULE DEER; PREFERENCE AB The dynamic equilibrium hypothesis proposes that hybrid zones are stabilized by a balance between dispersal and selection against hybrids. A key prediction of this hypothesis is that hybrids should have lower fitness than either parental taxon, regardless of habitat. Hybrid big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. tridentata x ssp. vaseyana) in two narrow hybrid zones do show greatly decreased recruitment. Hybrids in one zone also show increased browsing by grasshoppers, while those in the other zone have increased numbers of aphids. Overall herbivore loads, however, are not greater on the hybrids than on the parental subspecies. Browsing by mule deer is greatest on ssp. vaseyana in both hybrid zones. Incidence of galls is also greatest on ssp. vaseyana in one hybrid zone. Moreover, browsing by Artemisia weevils is greatest on sap. tridentata in one hybrid zone. Hybrids produce more flowers than either ssp. tridentata or ssp. vaseyana, while seed production rates of hybrids do not differ from those of the parental taxa. Finally, hybrid seeds germinate as well as those of ssp. tridentata and better than those of ssp. vaseyana. Thus, our data do not support the dynamic equilibrium hypothesis. C1 WAYNE STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,DETROIT,MI 48202. US FOREST SERV,SHRUB SCI LAB,PROVO,UT 84606. RP GRAHAM, JH (reprint author), BERRY COLL,DEPT BIOL,MT BERRY,GA 30149, USA. OI Graham, John/0000-0003-1974-132X NR 45 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 82 IS 6 BP 709 EP 716 DI 10.2307/2445609 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE203 UT WOS:A1995RE20300002 ER PT J AU DALERY, K LUSSIERCACAN, S SELHUB, J DAVIGNON, J LATOUR, Y GENEST, J AF DALERY, K LUSSIERCACAN, S SELHUB, J DAVIGNON, J LATOUR, Y GENEST, J TI HOMOCYSTEINE AND CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE IN FRENCH-CANADIAN SUBJECTS - RELATION WITH VITAMINS B-12, B-6, PYRIDOXAL-PHOSPHATE, AND FOLATE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREMATURE VASCULAR-DISEASE; INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR; PLASMA HOMOCYST(E)INE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; HYPERHOMOCYST(E)INEMIA; PATHOGENESIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; HOMOCYSTINURIA; METABOLISM; PREVALENCE AB We determined plasma levels of homocysteine in 584 healthy subjects (380 men and 204 women) from a major utility company in the province of Quebec, Canada, and in 150 subjects (123 men and 27 women) with angiographically documented coronary artery disease (CAD) (age <60 years). Plasma levels of vitamins B-12, B-6, pyridoxal phosphate (a vitamin B-6 derivative), and folate were also determined. Mean homocysteine revels were higher (p <0.05) in the bottom quartiles for folate, vitamin B-12, and pyridoxal phosphate. A significant correlation was noted between homocysteine levels and folate and vitamin B-12 levels. No significant correlation was found between plasma homocysteine levels and age, lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, and the presence of hypertension or cigarette smoking in healthy subjects or in patients with CAD. Control men had higher homocysteine levels than control women (p <0.005). Men and women with CAD had higher levels of homocysteine than controls (11.7 +/- 5.8 vs 9.7 +/- 4.9 nmol/ml [p <0.001] and 12.0 +/- 6.3 vs 7.6 +/- 4.1 nmol/ml, p <0.01, respectively). Women and men with CAD had similar homocysteine levels. The proportion of patients with CAD having homocysteine levels >90th percentile of controls was 18.1% for men and 44.4% for women (both p <0.01). Significantly lower pyridoxal phosphate levels were seen in subjects with CAD, men and women combined (27.7 +/- 29.5 vs 42.1 +/- 38.4 ng/ml, p <0.005). No significant differences were observed for B-12, folate, or total B-6. Multivariate analysis reveals that an elevated homocysteine level is a risk factor for CAD in French Canadian men and women and that reduced levels of pyridoxal phosphate, folate, and vitamin B-12 contribute to elevated plasma homocysteine levels. We conclude that in our subjects of French Canadian descent, plasma levels of homocysteine are influenced by levels of folate, vitamin B-12, and pyridoxal phosphate. In healthy men, mean homocysteine levels are higher than in healthy women. Men and women with CAD had significantly higher homocysteine levels than controls and this elevation is independent of traditional risk factors. Prospective studies are needed to determine the role of homocysteine in CAD. The influence of treatment of elevated homocysteine levels on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality must be assessed. C1 CLIN RES INST MONTREAL,CARDIOVASC GENET LAB,MONTREAL,PQ H2W 1R7,CANADA. CLIN RES INST MONTREAL,HYPERLIPIDEMIA & ATHEROSCLEROSIS RES GRP,MONTREAL,PQ H2W 1R7,CANADA. HOP HOTEL DIEU,DEPT MED & CARDIOL SERV,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,VITAMIN BIOAVAILIBIL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 30 TC 137 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAHNERS PUBL CO PI NEW YORK PA 249 WEST 17 STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 16 BP 1107 EP 1111 DI 10.1016/S0002-9149(99)80739-5 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA RA608 UT WOS:A1995RA60800006 PM 7762494 ER PT J AU GAZIANO, JM JOHNSON, EJ RUSSELL, RM MANSON, JE STAMPFER, MJ RIDKER, PM FREI, B HENNEKENS, CH KRINSKY, NI AF GAZIANO, JM JOHNSON, EJ RUSSELL, RM MANSON, JE STAMPFER, MJ RIDKER, PM FREI, B HENNEKENS, CH KRINSKY, NI TI DISCRIMINATION IN ABSORPTION OR TRANSPORT OF BETA-CAROTENE ISOMERS AFTER ORAL SUPPLEMENTATION WITH EITHER ALL-TRANS-BETA-CAROTENE OR 9-CIS-BETA-CAROTENE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE BETA-CAROTENE ABSORPTION; ISOMERS; BETA-CAROTENE TRANSPORT; SYNTHETIC BETA-CAROTENE; ALGAL BETA-CAROTENE; LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; ANTIOXIDANTS ID HUMAN-SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; ANTIOXIDANT; LIPOPROTEINS; UBIQUINOL-10; SEPARATION; VEGETABLES; PLASMA; SKIN AB Human subjects (n = 24) were supplemented with 100 mg beta-carotene/d for 6 d, either as synthetic all-trans-beta-carotene or a natural beta-carotene preparation derived from the alga Dunaliella salina, which consists of a 50:50 mixture of all-trans- and 9-cis-beta-carotene. This loading dose was followed by a 23-d maintenance dose consisting of alternate-day supplementation with 50 mg all-trans-beta-carotene or either 66 or 100 mg of the natural 50:50 isomeric mixture. The loading dose resulted in significant increases in plasma concentrations of both isomers, with the all-trans-beta-carotene-supplemented group showing a 7.2- and 5.0-fold increase in the all-trans and 9-cis concentrations in plasma, respectively. The group receiving the 50:50 mixture showed a 4.0- and 3.7-fold increase in the all-trans and 9-cis concentrations in plasma, respectively, without any apparent dose-dependency. However, even with the 50:50 mixture, the 9-cis concentrations were only a small fraction of the total plasma beta-carotene. Results after an additional 23-d period of alternate-day supplementation were not significantly different from those described above for the 6-d supplementation. Increases in low-density-lipoprotein concentrations of total beta-carotene correlated strongly with the increases seen in plasma concentrations. Lipid-soluble antioxidants vitamin E and ubiquinol were unaffected by beta-carotene supplementation. However, the amount of lycopene in the low-density lipoprotein decreased during this supplementation period. A strong discrimination between these two geometric isomers of beta-carotene was demonstrated, although the tissue site of discrimination was not determined. C1 BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DIV CARDIOVASC,BOSTON,MA 02111. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DEPT MED,CHANNING LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT AMBULATORY CARE & PREVENT,BOSTON,MA. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT MOLEC & CELLULAR TOXICOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02115. VET ADM MED CTR,DEPT MED,BROCKTON,MA 02401. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP GAZIANO, JM (reprint author), BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DIV PREVENT MED,900 COMMONWEALTH AVE,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 26 TC 120 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1248 EP 1252 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RB110 UT WOS:A1995RB11000011 PM 7762525 ER PT J AU OBRIEN, P AF OBRIEN, P TI DIETARY SHIFTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR US AGRICULTURE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE FOOD POLICY; AGRICULTURAL POLICY; DIETARY GUIDELINES; MEDITERRANEAN DIET AB Changes to healthier dietary patterns similar to those of traditional Mediterranean diets or those of the US government's dietary guidelines and food guide pyramid would require significant changes in American agricultural practices. The volume, mix, production, and marketing of agricultural commodities would need to be modified. Because differences between actual and recommended intakes for major food groups are quite large and affect a broad range of products, adjustments in supply and demand could overshadow past experience in dealing with such changes. New food and agriculture policies may well be needed to ease and accelerate agricultural adjustments, to improve nutritional characteristics of popular foods, and to promote desirable changes in consumers' food choices. RP OBRIEN, P (reprint author), USDA, DIV COMMERCIAL AGR, 1301 NEW YORK AVE NW, ROOM 732, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 61 IS 6 SU S BP 1390S EP 1396S PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RC565 UT WOS:A1995RC56500014 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, WW GRIM, MC YOUNG, VR JOSEPH, LJ EVANS, WJ AF CAMPBELL, WW GRIM, MC YOUNG, VR JOSEPH, LJ EVANS, WJ TI EFFECTS OF RESISTANCE TRAINING AND DIETARY-PROTEIN INTAKE ON PROTEIN-METABOLISM IN OLDER ADULTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE ELDERLY; PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS; NITROGEN BALANCE; LEUCINE KINETICS; STRENGTH TRAINING; BODY COMPOSITION ID ELDERLY MEN; MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; YOUNG MEN; BIOLOGICAL-FLUIDS; NITROGEN-BALANCE; EXERCISE; LEUCINE; MASS; REQUIREMENTS AB Nitrogen (N) balance, fed-state leucine kinetics, and urinary 3-methylhistidine (3-MeH) excretion were examined in 12 men and women, aged 56-80 yr, before and during 12 wk of resistance training (RT). Subjects were randomized to groups that consumed diets providing either 0.80 +/- 0.02 g protein . kg(-1). day(-1) (lower protein, LP) or 1.62 +/- 0.02 g protein . kg(-1). day(-1) (higher protein, HP). At baseline, mean N balance was negative for LP (-4.6 +/- 3.4 mg N . kg(-1). day(-1)) and positive for HP (13.6 +/- 1.0 mg N . kg(-1). day(-1)). N retention increased similarly in LP and HP at the 11th wk of RT by 12.8 and 12.7 mg N . kg(-1). day(-1), respectively. Thus LP had an increased efficiency of N retention. LP had decreased leucine flux (P < 0.001), oxidation (P < 0.001), and uptake for protein synthesis (P < 0.02), relative to HP, both at baseline and after RT. Leucine flux increased with RT in both diet groups (P < 0.05) and was associated mainly with an increase in protein synthesis in LP (91% of change in flux) and an increase in oxidation in HP (72% of change in flux; RT-diet interaction, P < 0.05). RT increased actomyosin protein breakdown (increased 3-MeH-to-creatinine ratio, P < 0.01). Diet-related differences in protein metabolism did not influence body composition changes with RT. These data show that the efficiency of N retention and protein utilization during RT is higher in older subjects who consume 0.8 vs. 1.6 g protein . kg(-1). day(-1) dietary protein. C1 PENN STATE UNIV, NOLL PHYSIOL RES CTR, NOLL LAB 119, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA. TUFTS UNIV, USDA, JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, HUMAN PHYSIOL LAB, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. MIT, HUMAN NUTR LAB, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA. NR 43 TC 114 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 268 IS 6 BP E1143 EP E1153 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA RE366 UT WOS:A1995RE36600016 ER PT J AU BOLIN, SR RIDPATH, JF AF BOLIN, SR RIDPATH, JF TI ASSESSMENT OF PROTECTION FROM SYSTEMIC INFECTION OR DISEASE AFFORDED BY LOW TO INTERMEDIATE TITERS OF PASSIVELY ACQUIRED NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY AGAINST BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS IN CALVES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLOSTRAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN TRANSFER; MUCOSAL DISEASE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ANTIGENIC DIVERSITY; YOUNG CALVES; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; RHINOTRACHEITIS; VACCINATION; STRAINS; CATTLE AB Colostrum-deprived calves (n = 24) were fed various amounts of colostrum, colostrum substitute, or milk replacer to establish a range in titer of passively acquired viral neutralizing antibody in serum. The calves were then challenge exposed intranasally with a virulent, noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV-890). After viral challenge exposure, calves were monitored for fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and diarrhea. In addition, viral isolation and viral titration were performed on specimens of nasal secretions, buffy coat cells, and serum obtained from the calves. Fever and systemic spread of virus were detected in calves that had viral neutralizing titer of 256 or lower. Calves that had viral neutralizing titer lower than 16 developed severe clinical disease manifested by fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and diarrhea. Severity and duration of signs of disease decreased as titers of passively acquired viral neutralizing antibody increased. These results indicate that low to intermediate titers of passively acquired viral neutralizing antibody were not sufficient to fully protect calves from virulent bovine viral diarrhea virus. RP BOLIN, SR (reprint author), USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 36 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 56 IS 6 BP 755 EP 759 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RJ540 UT WOS:A1995RJ54000009 PM 7653884 ER PT J AU MOATS, WA ANDERSON, KL RUSHING, JE WESEN, DP AF MOATS, WA ANDERSON, KL RUSHING, JE WESEN, DP TI COMPARISON OF A RADIOIMMUNOASSAY (CHARM-II) TEST WITH HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR DETECTION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE RESIDUES IN MILK SAMPLES FROM LACTATING CATTLE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES; TETRACYCLINE RESIDUES; MICROBIAL ASSAYS; CHLORTETRACYCLINE AB A radioimmunoassay test for tetracyclines (Charm II) was compared with high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) for detection of oxytetracycline (OTC) residues in milk samples from individual lactating cows. Oxytetracycline was administered by 1 of 3 routes (IV, IM, or intrauterine) to 21 lactating dairy cows. A total of 292 duplicate milk samples were collected from milkings before and through 156 hours after OTC administration. Concentration of OTC in these samples was determined by use of the Charm II test and an HPLC method with a lower limit of quantitation, approximately 2 ng of OTC/ml. Samples were also classified with respect to presence of OTC residues relative to the FDA safe concentration (less than or equal to 30 ng/ml), using the Charm II (by control point determination) and HPLC methods. There was a significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) difference between test methods in classification of milk samples with respect to presence or absence of OTC at the FDA safe concentration. A total of 48 of the 292 test results (16.4%) did not agree. Using the HPLC test results as the standard with which Charm II test results were compared, 47 false presumptive-violative test results and 1 false presumptive-nonviolative Charm II test result (a sample containing 31 ng of OTC/ml, as evaluated by HPLC) were obtained. The samples with false presumptive-violative Charm II results contained < 30 ng of OTC/ml, as evaluated by HPLC. In some respects, the Charm II test performed appropriately as a screening test to detect OTC residues in milk samples from individual cows. However, the tendency for the test to yield presumptive-violative test results at OTC concentrations lower than the FDA safe concentration (as evaluated by HPLC), suggests that caution should be exercised in using the test as the sole basis on which a decision is made to reject milk. As indicated by the manufacturer, presumptive-violative Charm II test results should be confirmed by additional testing. Although not specifically evaluated, the tendency for misclassification of milk samples as presumptive-violative by the Charm II test may or may not occur in commingled milk, compared with milk samples from individual cows. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT FOOD ANIM & EQUINE MED,RALEIGH,NC 27606. USDA ARS,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL AGR & LIFE SCI,DEPT FOOD SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27606. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL AGR & LIFE SCI,DEPT ANIM SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27606. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 56 IS 6 BP 795 EP 800 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RJ540 UT WOS:A1995RJ54000016 PM 7653890 ER PT J AU SCHISLER, DA KURTZMAN, CP BOTHAST, RJ SLININGER, PJ AF SCHISLER, DA KURTZMAN, CP BOTHAST, RJ SLININGER, PJ TI EVALUATION OF YEASTS FOR BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF FUSARIUM DRY ROT OF POTATOES SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE FUSARIUM SAMBUCINUM; FUSARIUM SOLANI VAR COERULEUM; POST HARVEST DISEASE; STORAGE DISEASE ID POSTHARVEST DISEASES; GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS; TUBERS; THIABENDAZOLE; RESISTANCE; BIOCONTROL; GUILLIERMONDII; SAMBUCINUM; BACTERIA; INVITRO AB Thiabendazole-resistant strains of Fusarium sambucinum and F. solanivar. coeruleum threaten to negate chemical control options for post harvest treatment of Fusarium dry rot. Biological control of dry rot of storage tubers is feasible using bacterial antagonists (25). The impact of yeasts on dry rot has not been investigated. Initial biological control tests employed strains of twenty species of yeasts from the ARS Culture Collection (NRRL). Strain selection was based on strain isolation from plant matter or from environments that would indicate a high likelihood of strain survival in soil. The control potential of these and 29 additional strains isolated from soil adhering to recently harvested tubers was evaluated using a whole Russet Burbank tuber bioassay. At 2x10(6) cells/ml, only two unidentified strains and Cryptococcus laurentii strain NRRL Y-2536 reduced disease (P=0.05, P=0.10, respectively) while bacterial strain Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 (NRRL B-15132) was more effective (P=0.01). Conversely, Debaryomyces robertsiae increased disease (P=0.05). No yeast strains significantly controlled disease in a subsequent trial. One of six additional strains of C. laurentii (P=0.10), none of five strains of Pichia farinosa and neither unidentified strain controlled disease at 5 x 10(7) cells/ml whereas P. fluorescens again reduced disease (P=0.01). After 6 h, four yeast strains decreased and three increased conidial germination of F. sambucinum R-6380 though there were no differences after 18 h. Five yeast strains, including two strains of C. laurentii (NRRL Y-2536, NRRL Y-7139) were marginally effective in controlling disease incited by F. solani var. coeruleum S-1257. Though additional testing may identify yeast strains with considerable promise as biological control agents active against Fusarium dry rot, evidence to date indicates bacterial agents have a greater potential for commercial development. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MICROBIAL PROPERTIES RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP SCHISLER, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 72 IS 6 BP 339 EP 353 DI 10.1007/BF02849331 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RF298 UT WOS:A1995RF29800002 ER PT J AU BURTON, JL AF BURTON, JL TI SUPPLEMENTAL CHROMIUM - ITS BENEFITS TO THE BOVINE IMMUNE-SYSTEM SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers/Rhone-Poulenc Animal Nutrition Symposium CY APR 20-21, 1993 CL GUELPH, CANADA SP Rhone Poulenc DE CHROMIUM; IMMUNITY; HEALTH; CATTLE ID STRESSED FEEDER CALVES; LYMPHOCYTE BLASTOGENIC RESPONSES; PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD; EARLY LACTATION; BEEF STEERS; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; PARTURITION; INSULIN AB Chromium (Cr) is an essential micronutrient for humans. Its main action is thought to be regulation of blood sugar, because Cr deficiency is associated with diabetic-like symptoms and Cr supplementation is associated with enhanced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Cr deficiency is prevalent in North America because the diets of most people do not contain adequate levels of organic Cr and stressors, such as high sugar diets, strenuous exercise, and emotional and physical trauma, lead to loss of body stores of Cr in urine. Numerous recent studies from the University of Guelph have indicated that cattle also may be susceptible to Cr deficiency, particularly during periods of stress. These studies, summarized here, showed that when market-transit-stressed feedlot calves or periparturient and early lactation dairy cows were supplemented with organic Cr, improved production, immune status, and health were realized. Although more research is required to determine whether production-enhancing and immunomodulatory properties of Cr are related to improved glucose metabolism as such, preliminary data presented in this paper suggest that Cr does not dramatically alter blood concentrations of insulin, growth hormone, or insulin-like growth factor I in supplemented cattle. On the other hand, Cr seemed to reduce blood cortisol concentrations during highly stressful situations. This may have promoted improved insulin or insulin-like growth factor I sensitivity in target tissues such as muscle, mammary gland, and the immune system. The practical implications of these results are that occurrence of infectious diseases could be reduced and production potential increased if the diets of high-producing, intensively reared cattle were supplemented with organic Cr. RP BURTON, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES GRP,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 36 TC 30 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 53 IS 2 BP 117 EP 133 DI 10.1016/0377-8401(95)02016-S PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RG776 UT WOS:A1995RG77600005 ER PT J AU IRAQI, F SMITH, EJ AF IRAQI, F SMITH, EJ TI ORGANIZATION OF THE SEX-LINKED LATE-FEATHERING HAPLOTYPE IN CHICKENS SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE DELETION; DUPLICATION; POLYMORPHISM ID LEUKOSIS VIRUS-INFECTION; ENDOGENOUS VIRUS-21; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; LOCUS; EV21; ASSOCIATION; COMPLEX AB Nucleotide sequence analysis of polymerase chain reaction products confirmed that ev21 integrated into one of two large homologous elements on the Z chromosome of late-feathering (LF) White Leghorn chickens. Southern blots of NotI-, NaeI-, KspI- and BamHI-digested DNA from early-feathering (EF) and LF White Leghorns, that had been hybridized with a probe that flanks ev21, indicated a 180kb duplication of an unoccupied repeat in the LF genotype of White Leghorns. A KspI fragment that carries ev21 was about 32 kb smaller than the KspI fragment found in EF DNA. In the evolution of LF, retroviral insertion into one of two large repeats and a 32 kb deletion may have generated LF. C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 26 IS 3 BP 141 EP 146 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA RB138 UT WOS:A1995RB13800002 PM 7793680 ER PT J AU LAMAR, RT SCHOENIKE, B VANDENWYMELENBERG, A STEWART, P DIETRICH, DM CULLEN, D AF LAMAR, RT SCHOENIKE, B VANDENWYMELENBERG, A STEWART, P DIETRICH, DM CULLEN, D TI QUANTITATION OF FUNGAL MESSENGER-RNAS IN COMPLEX SUBSTRATES BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR AND ITS APPLICATION TO PHANEROCHAETE CHRYSOSPORIUM-COLONIZED SOIL SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGNIN PEROXIDASE GENES; CONTAMINATED SOIL; ENCODING GENE; DEGRADATION; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; EXPRESSION; CELLOBIOHYDROLASE; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; ERGOSTEROL AB Thorough analysis of fungi in complex substrates has been hampered by inadequate experimental tools for assessing physiological activity and estimating biomass. We report a method for the quantitative assessment of specific fungal mRNAs in soil. The method was applied to complex gene families of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, a white-rot fungus widely used in studies of organopollutant degradation. Among the genes implicated in pollutant degradation, two closely related lignin peroxidase transcripts were detected in soil. The pattern of lignin peroxidase gene expression was unexpected; certain transcripts abundant in defined cultures were not detected in soil cultures. Transcripts encoding cellobiohydrolases and beta-tubulin were also detected. The method will aid in defining the roles of specific genes in complex biological processes such as organopollutant degradation, developing strategies for strain improvement, and identifying specific fungi in environmental samples. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 45 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 61 IS 6 BP 2122 EP 2126 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA RA621 UT WOS:A1995RA62100008 PM 7793933 ER PT J AU YU, JJ CHANG, PK CARY, JW WRIGHT, M BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE PAYNE, GA LINZ, JE AF YU, JJ CHANG, PK CARY, JW WRIGHT, M BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE PAYNE, GA LINZ, JE TI COMPARATIVE MAPPING OF AFLATOXIN PATHWAY GENE CLUSTERS IN ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS AND ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CEPHALOSPORIN BIOSYNTHETIC GENES; MULTIDOMAIN PEPTIDE SYNTHETASE; VERSICONAL HEMIACETAL ACETATE; CYSTEINYL-VALINE SYNTHETASE; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; P53 GENE; CLONING; METHYLTRANSFERASE AB Aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxins are synthesized by condensation of acetate units; their synthesis is estimated to involve at least 16 different enzymes. In this study we have shown that at least nine genes involved in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway are located within a 60-kb DNA fragment. Four of these genes, nor-1, aflR, ver-1, and omtA (previously named omt-1), have been cloned in A. flavus and A. parasiticus. In addition, five other genes, pksA, uvm8, aad, ord-1, and ord-2 have been recently cloned in A. parasiticus. The pksA, aad, and uvm8 genes exhibit sequence homologies to polyketide synthase, aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase, and fatty acid synthase genes, respectively. The cDNA sequences of ord-1 and ord-2 genes, which may be involved in later steps of aflatoxin biosynthesis, have been determined; the ord-1 gene prc,duct exhibits homology to cytochrome P-450-type enzymes. By characterizing the overlapping regions of the DNA inserts in different cosmid and lambda DNA clones, we have determined the order of these aflatoxin pathway genes within this 60-kb DNA region to be pksA, nor-1, uvm8, aflR, aad, ver-1, ord-1, ord-2, and omtA in A. parasiticus and nor-1, aflR, ver-1, ord-1, ord-2, and omtA in A. flavus. The order is related to the order in enzymatic steps required for aflatoxin biosynthesis. The physical distances (in kilobase pairs) and the directions of transcription of these genes have been determined for both aflatoxigenic species. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. TULANE UNIV,DEPT CELL & MOLEC BIOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 70 TC 184 Z9 196 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 61 IS 6 BP 2365 EP 2371 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA RA621 UT WOS:A1995RA62100046 PM 7793957 ER PT J AU CHANG, PK EHRLICH, KC YU, JJ BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE AF CHANG, PK EHRLICH, KC YU, JJ BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE TI INCREASED EXPRESSION OF ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS AFLR, ENCODING A SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC DNA-BINDING PROTEIN, RELIEVES NITRATE INHIBITION OF AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REGULATORY GENE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; NIDULANS; CLONING; GAL4; DETERMINANTS; YEAST; CDNA; SITE AB The aflR gene from Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus may be involved in the regulation of ah aflatoxin biosynthesis. The aflR gene product, AFLR, possesses a GAL4-type binuclear zinc finger DNA-binding domain. A transformant, SU1-N3(pHSP), containing an additional copy of aflR, showed increased transcription of aflR and the aflatoxin pathway structural genes, nor-1, ver-1, and omt-1, when cells were grown in nitrate medium, which normally suppresses aflatoxin production. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that the recombinant protein containing the DNA-binding domain, AFLR1, bound specifically to the palindromic sequence, TTAGGCCTAA, 120 bp upstream of the AFLR translation start site. Expression of aflR thus appears to be autoregulated. Increased expression of aflatoxin biosynthetic genes in the transformant might result from an elevated basal level of AFLR, allowing it to overcome nitrate inhibition and to bind to the aflR promotor region, thereby initiating aflatoxin biosynthesis. Results further suggest that aflR is involved in the regulation of multiple parts of the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway. C1 USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70124 USA. TULANE UNIV, DEPT MOLEC & CELL BIOL, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70118 USA. NR 37 TC 142 Z9 149 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 61 IS 6 BP 2372 EP 2377 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA RA621 UT WOS:A1995RA62100047 PM 7793958 ER PT J AU SHIELDS, FD AF SHIELDS, FD TI FATE OF LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER HABITATS ASSOCIATED WITH RIVER TRAINING DIKES SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB 1. Regions of reduced velocity adjacent to spur dikes along the Lower Mississippi River are valuable aquatic habitats. Similar zones along other large rivers have been converted to terrestrial habitats by sediment deposition. 2. Repetitive hydrographic surveys of 26 representative groups of dikes are examined to determine the direction and rates of change. 3. Since the dikes were constructed, the aquatic volume and area of associated low-velocity habitats have been reduced by 38% and 17%, respectively. Examination of time series shows that most changes occur shortly after construction, and after initial adjustment, habitat area and volume fluctuate about a condition of dynamic equilibrium. 4. Sedimentation rates were most rapid for dike fields constructed on the inside of bends to prevent chute development. Dike fields built to force or maintain thalweg crossings exhibited erosion rather than deposition. RP SHIELDS, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 45 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1052-7613 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.1002/aqc.3270050203 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA RM561 UT WOS:A1995RM56100002 ER PT J AU BECKMAN, MJ JOHNSON, JA GOFF, JP REINHARDT, TA BEITZ, DC HORST, RL AF BECKMAN, MJ JOHNSON, JA GOFF, JP REINHARDT, TA BEITZ, DC HORST, RL TI THE ROLE OF DIETARY CALCIUM IN THE PHYSIOLOGY OF VITAMIN-D TOXICITY - EXCESS DIETARY VITAMIN-D-3 BLUNTS PARATHYROID-HORMONE INDUCTION OF KIDNEY 1-HYDROXYLASE SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-D; METABOLISM; PARATHYROID HORMONE ID PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; HYPERVITAMINOSIS-D; UP-REGULATION; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D; RAT; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; 24-HYDROXYLASE; METABOLITES; RESTRICTION; EXPRESSION AB We studied the effects of dietary calcium (Ca) restriction and excess vitamin D-3 On tissue 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1-hydroxylase (1-OHase) and 1,25(OH)(2)D/25-OH-D-24-hydroxylase (24-OHase) activities in rats. Effects were studied in four groups of rats, with each group receiving one of the following diets: a control diet consisting of normal Ca and normal vitamin D-3 (NC), NC plus excess (75,000 IU/week) vitamin D-3 (NCT), low Ca and normal vitamin D-3 (LC), Or LC diet with excess vitamin D-3 (LCT), Rats fed the low-Ca diets (LC and LCT) had elevated plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations, increasing > 3-fold relative to rats fed the normal Ca diets. The elevated concentrations of PTH in LCT rats did not result in increased plasma 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)(2)D-3] (NC = 115 +/- 7 pg/ml; LCT = 99 +/- 11 pg/ml). Plasma 1,25(OH)(2)D in LC rats, however, was increased significantly (615 +/- 110, P = < 0.001), There were no differences in either plasma Ca or phosphorus between the LC and LCT groups, Dietary Ca restriction led to an 18-fold stimulation in renal 1-OHase activity in LC rats (P = < 0.01), while 1-OHase in the LCT rats was marginally but significantly elevated 2.3-fold (P = < 0.05), The ability of PTH to downregulate renal 24-OHase and the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor (VDR) during prolonged Ca restriction remained intact, irrespective of vitamin D status. Also, the metabolic clearance rate for 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 was enhanced by feeding excess vitamin Dst which was likely a result of the substantial elevations in intestinal (25-fold) and renal (46-fold) 24-OHase activities in the LCT and NCT groups, respectively. These data indicate that calcium restriction accompanied by excess vitamin D-3 is attended by impaired responsiveness of renal 1-OHase to PTH and enhanced metabolic clearance of 1,25(OH)(2)D. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011. RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 319 IS 2 BP 535 EP 539 DI 10.1006/abbi.1995.1328 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA RC221 UT WOS:A1995RC22100027 PM 7786039 ER PT J AU STOCKER, DW ZELLER, KF STEDMAN, DH AF STOCKER, DW ZELLER, KF STEDMAN, DH TI O-3 AND NO2 FLUXES OVER SNOW MEASURED BY EDDY-CORRELATION SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE OZONE; NO2 FLUXES; DRY DEPOSITION; EDDY CORRELATION ID DRY DEPOSITION VELOCITIES; OZONE FLUXES; SOIL; SO2; RESISTANCES; SURFACES; WINTER; WATER AB The fluxes of nitrogen dioxide and ozone, as well as supporting meteorological data, have been measured at a snow covered grassland field site in northern Colorado by eddy correlation The fluxes of both species are small. The median surface resistance to ozone deposition is greatest during the morning and least during the afternoon. The nitrogen dioxide flux is generally downward overnight and during the morning and upward during the afternoon. Surface NO emissions are thought to strongly influence the observed NO2 flux. The median surface resistance to oxidant (Ox = O-3 + NO2) deposition shows no pronounced diurnal variation, but is greater for aged snow (22.8 +/- 8.95 cm(-1)) than for fresh snow (8.1 +/- 4.9 s cm(-1)). Quoted error limits are one standard error of the estimate. C1 UNIV DENVER,DENVER,CO 80208. US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1299 EP 1305 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)00337-K PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RF304 UT WOS:A1995RF30400012 ER PT J AU BYTNEROWICZ, A TRAN, M ANDERSON, P AF BYTNEROWICZ, A TRAN, M ANDERSON, P TI EFFECTS OF CHARCOAL AIR FILTRATION AND OZONE GENERATION ON CONCENTRATIONS OF SOME N-COMPOUNDS AND S-COMPOUNDS IN OPEN-TOP FIELD CHAMBERS SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE NITROUS ACID VAPOR; NITRIC ACID VAPOR; AMMONIA; SULFUR DIOXIDE; PARTICULATE NITRATE; PARTICULATE AMMONIUM; PARTICULATE SULFATE ID AMBIENT OZONE; NITROUS-ACID; YIELD; FOG; DEPOSITION; POLLUTANTS; GROWTH AB Concentrations of nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous acid (HNO2), ammonia (NH3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), as well as particulate nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), and ammonium (NH4+) were determined with annular denuder systems in open-top chambers (charcoal-filtered [CF]; ambient air [AA];and ambient air with ozone [O-3] added [2xO(3)]) and the outside chamberless plot. Concentrations of HNO3 were the highest in the outside plot, followed by the 2xO(3), AA, and the CF chambers. Substantial increases of HNO2 were noticed in the CF chambers compared with other chambers and the outside plot. No changes in concentrations of NH3 were recorded for the studied filtration regimes. As expected, concentrations of SO2 were drastically reduced for the CF treatment: No clear effects of air filtration on concentrations of the particulate pollutants were determined. Possible consequences of the observed chemical changes of the open-top chambers' environment on plants are discussed. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,CHICO,CA 95926. RP BYTNEROWICZ, A (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,4955 CANYON CREST DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1355 EP 1358 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(95)00080-I PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RG984 UT WOS:A1995RG98400002 ER PT J AU BYTNEROWICZ, A RIECHERS, G AF BYTNEROWICZ, A RIECHERS, G TI NITROGENOUS AIR-POLLUTANTS IN A MIXED-CONIFER STAND OF THE WESTERN SIERRA-NEVADA, CALIFORNIA SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE NITRIC ACID VAPOR; NITROUS ACID VAPOR; AMMONIA; PARTICULATE NITRATE; PARTICULATE AMMONIUM; DEPOSITION TO PINES ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; DRY DEPOSITION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; SURROGATE SURFACES; AMBIENT AIR; FOREST; PINE; POLLUTION; ECOSYSTEMS AB Nitrogenous (N) air pollutants were monitored during three summer seasons (1988-1990) in a mixed coniferous stand at Whitaker Forest in the western Sierra Nevada, California. In comparison with other forest locations, the recorded levels of nitric acid (HNO3) vapor were elevated: seasonal 12 h daytime averages of 1.11-1.97 mu gm(-3); highest values of 12 h daily averages reached 4.15 mu gm(-3). Similarly, the concentrations of ammonia (NH3) were high: seasonal 12 h daytime averages of 1.11-1.56 mu gm(-3); highest values of 12 h daily averages reached 3.75 mu gm(-3) Also the concentrations of nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) in fine (< 2.2 mu m in diameter) particulate fractions were higher than in the other remote mountain locations in North America. When expressed on a molar basis, NH3 was the most abundant N air pollutant and represented almost 50% of the total N. NO3- and NH4+ deposition fluxes to ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) branches during the three summer seasons ranged from 5.93 to 30.75 and from 1.46 to 5.95 mu gm(-2)h(-1), respectively. The calculated deposition velocities for NO3- and NH4+ to ponderosa pine ranged from 0.054 to 0.327 cms(-1) and from 0.107 to 0.322 cms(-1), respectively. During the 1990 summer season, NO3- and NH4+ washed from branch surfaces provided 24.2 and 19.7 g Nha(-1) per month, respectively; estimated foliar internal uptake of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and HNO3 vapor 24.2 g Nha(-1) per month; and the estimated internal uptake of NH3 47.2 g Nha(-1) per month. The elevated levels of air pollutants and N deposition could adversely affect the natural ecosystems of the western Sierra Nevada. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,STATEWIDE AIR POLLUT RES CTR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. RP BYTNEROWICZ, A (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,4955 CANYON CREST DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1369 EP 1377 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(95)00068-A PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RG984 UT WOS:A1995RG98400004 ER PT J AU VONBODMAN, SB DOMIER, LL FARRAND, SK AF VONBODMAN, SB DOMIER, LL FARRAND, SK TI EXPRESSION OF MULTIPLE EUKARYOTIC GENES FROM A SINGLE PROMOTER IN NICOTIANA SO BIO-TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VEIN MOTTLING VIRUS; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; TI-PLASMID; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DNA REGION; TOBACCO; PLANTS; AGROPINE; PROTEINASE; MANNOPINE AB We engineered an expression unit composed of three eukaryotic genes driven by a single plant-active promoter and demonstrated functional expression in planta, The individual genes were linked as translational fusions to produce a polyprotein using spacer sequences encoding specific heptapeptide cleavage recognition sites for NIa protease of tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV). The NIa gene itself was included as the second gene of the multi-gene unit, The first and third genes, obtained from the T-R region of pTi15955, encoded enzymatic functions associated with the mannityl opine biosynthetic pathway, The mannityl opine conjugase gene (mas2) was the first unit of the construct and provided the native plant-active promoter and 5' untranslated regulatory sequence, The third gene (mas1), encoding the mannityl opine reductase, furnished the native 3' untranslated region, Cfs-processing of the polyprotein by the NIa protease domain was demonstrated in vitro using rabbit reticulocyte lysate and wheat germ cell-free translation systems, Tobacco plant cells transformed with the multi-gene unit produced detectable levels of mannopine, mannopinic acid, and their biosynthetic intermediates, deoxyfructosyl-glutamate and deoxyfructosyl-glutamine. This indicates that the polygene construct results in a set of functional enzymatic activities that constitute a complete metabolic pathway. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MICROBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP VONBODMAN, SB (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,1102 S GOODWIN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 0733-222X J9 BIO-TECHNOL JI Bio-Technology PD JUN PY 1995 VL 13 IS 6 BP 587 EP 591 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RA255 UT WOS:A1995RA25500021 PM 9634798 ER PT J AU WEN, BR BROWER, JH AF WEN, BR BROWER, JH TI COMPETITION BETWEEN ANISOPTEROMALUS-CALANDRAE AND CHOETOSPILA ELEGANS (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) AT DIFFERENT PARASITOID DENSITIES ON IMMATURE RICE WEEVILS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) IN WHEAT SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE ANISOPTEROMALUS CALANDRAE; CHOETOSPILA ELEGANS; PARASITOID; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; COMPETITIVE PARASITISM; RICE WEEVIL; SITOPHILUS ORYZAE; STORED WHEAT ID SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE COLEOPTERA; INTRODUCED NATURAL ENEMIES; SEX-RATIO; MUSCIDIFURAX-ZARAPTOR; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SUPPRESSION; EXCLUSION; DYNAMICS; LARVAE; PUPAE AB Competition between parasitoids was studied by exposing immature rice weevils, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), developing in wheat to Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) alone, Choetospila elegans Westwood alone, or both species together. With A. calandrae only, the emergence of A. calandrae progeny tended to peak near four or eight female parasitoids and parasitoid-induced mortality increased with increasing parasitoid numbers. With C. elegans only, parasitoid emergence increased, but parasitoid-induced mortality did not change with an increase in numbers of parasitoids. A. calandrae in combination with C. elegans produced similar reductions in rice weevil populations, as did A. calandrae alone. C. elegans alone was less efficient than A. calandrae alone at low parasitoid densities, but when numbers of C. elegans reached higher densities, rice weevil mortality was as great as that with A. calandrae alone. Under competitive conditions, the sex ratio (female percentage) of C. elegans was decreased by the presence of A. calandrae, but the sex ratio of A. calandrae was not affected by C. elegans. Competition reduced emergence of both A. calandrae and C. elegans; however, A. calandrae was clearly the dominant species when rice weevils were exposed to equal numbers of both species of parasitoids. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1006/bcon.1995.1018 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA RC981 UT WOS:A1995RC98100005 ER PT J AU LACEY, LA AMARAL, JJ COUPLAND, J KLEIN, MG SIMOES, AM AF LACEY, LA AMARAL, JJ COUPLAND, J KLEIN, MG SIMOES, AM TI FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF POPILLIA-JAPONICA (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE) AFTER TREATMENT WITH METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE POPILLIA JAPONICA; METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE; JAPANESE BEETLES; FLIGHT ACTIVITY; CONIDIA ID JAPANESE BEETLE AB Field-collected adult Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica Newman, treated with conidia of Metarhizium anisopliae Sorokin were compared with nontreated beetles under held conditions on Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal, using mark-release-recapture techniques, Distance, direction, and day of capture were monitored with lure-baited Japanese beetle traps placed in four concentric circles 50 to 1000 m around the release point during July and August of 1990 and 1991. Significantly fewer treated beetles (2.5%) were recaptured than untreated individuals (5.2%). Approximately 70% of the recaptured beetles were caught within 50 m of the release point, but a small percentage (<1%) of individuals from each group flew as far as 1 km. Most of the marked beetles (80-86% of those caught) were recaptured within 24 h of release. Barely any (<1% of the marked beetles were detected in the traps 3 days following release. Flight of both treated and untreated beetles was predominantly against the wind. Monitoring of laboratory held subsamples of the treated groups indicated that mortality did not begin until 3-4 days following treatment. A week after treatment with the fungus, 100% mortality was observed. The delay in mortality and the flight distances observed for fungus-treated beetles indicate good potential for dispersal of M. anisopliae via infected adult Japanese beetles. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,OARDC,APPLICAT TECHNOL UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691. DIRECC REG DESENVOLVIMENTO AGR,P-9700 ANGRA HEROISMO,PORTUGAL. CSIRO,BIOL CONTROL UNIT,F-34982 MONTFERRIER LEZ,FRANCE. UNIV ACORES,DEPT CIENCIAS AGRARIAS,P-9702 TERRA CHA,PORTUGAL. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1006/bcon.1995.1020 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA RC981 UT WOS:A1995RC98100007 ER PT J AU NORDLUND, DA CORREA, JA AF NORDLUND, DA CORREA, JA TI IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION SYSTEM FOR GREEN LACEWINGS - AN ADULT FEEDING AND OVIPOSITION UNIT AND HOT-WIRE EGG HARVESTING SYSTEM SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE CHRYSOPERLA; MASS REARING AB Green lacewings (Chrysoperla spp.) are used in augmentative release programs against a variety of arthropod pests. As part of an ongoing research program to improve the mass production technology for green lacewings, an ''Adult Feeding and Oviposition Unit'' (AFOU) and a hot wire egg harvesting system were developed. The AFOU is a cylindrical unit, which can be unrolled to facilitate egg harvest with a hot wire system. The hot wire egg harvesting system consists of two devices, one of which uses a pneumatic cylinder to pull the cylinder portion of the AFOU past the hot wire and the other which is used to harvest eggs from the top of the AFOU. These improvements make adult handling and egg harvesting easier. The improved system requires less manual labor than the conventional paper cartons and manual egg harvesting system commonly used in the United States. Egg recovery was higher when a hot wire egg harvesting system was used than when the traditional loose ball of nylon netting was used. There was no difference in the percentage hatch of eggs recovered with either of these systems or with a sodium hypochlorite based egg harvesting system. This equipment may provide the basis for an automated adult handling and egg harvesting system for the mass production of green lacewings. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. RP NORDLUND, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,BIOL CONTROL PESTS RES UNIT,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.1006/bcon.1995.1022 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA RC981 UT WOS:A1995RC98100009 ER PT J AU IGRC, J DELOACH, CJ ZLOF, V AF IGRC, J DELOACH, CJ ZLOF, V TI RELEASE AND ESTABLISHMENT OF ZYGOGRAMMA-SUTURALIS F (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN CROATIA FOR CONTROL OF COMMON RAGWEED (AMBROSIA-ARTEMISIIFOLIA L) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE AMBROSIA; BIOCONTROL CROATIA; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; RAGWEED; WEED BIOCONTROL; ZYGOGRAMMA SUTURALIS ID SAFETY AB Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is an important weed in some parts of Europe. After determining that native natural enemies in Croatia had little influence on controlling this weed, we introduced the beetle Zygogramma suturalis F. from the United States and obtained data on its biology and ecology. We released the beetle in the held at three sites near Bjelovar, Zagreb, and Zadar beginning in 1985. Establishment was confirmed at the Zagreb and Zadar sites from releases made in 1988, but field populations of the beetle remained low through the fall of 1991. C1 USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502. RP IGRC, J (reprint author), UNIV ZAGREB,FAC AGR,SVETOSIMUNSKA 25,ZAGREB,CROATIA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.1006/bcon.1995.1025 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA RC981 UT WOS:A1995RC98100012 ER PT J AU CORDO, HA DELOACH, CJ AF CORDO, HA DELOACH, CJ TI NATURAL ENEMIES OF THE RANGELAND WEED WHITEBRUSH (ALOYSIA-GRATISSIMA, VERBENACEAE) IN SOUTH-AMERICA - POTENTIAL FOR BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL IN THE UNITED-STATES SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE WHITEBRUSH; BEEBRUSH; ALOYSIA; BIOCONTROL WEEDS; RANGELAND WEEDS AB Whitebrush, AEoysia gratissima (Gill. and Hook.) Troncoso (Verbenaceae), is a weed of rangelands in the southwestern United States. The genus Aloysia probably originated in southern South America, with the center of evolution in Argentina; A. gratissima is also native there. We traveled 81,550 km in Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil over a 6-year period searching for natural enemies that could be introduced into North America for biological control of A. gratissima and other weeds of rangelands. We found 82 species of insects and four plant pathogens on various species of Aloysia, in addition to the 36 species of insects previously reported from the plant genus. Promising candidates for further research for introduction included a new species of rust fungus, Prospodium tumefaciens Lindquist that produces stem galls, a probable new species of buprestid stem-boring beetle in the tribe Agrilini, a large crown-boring cerambycid beetle probably in the genus Calocosmus, a scale in the genus Cerococcus, an oecophorid moth Timocratica sp. that feeds on bark, and a twig-girdling cerambycid near the genus Arenicia. Only the rust fungus was abundant enough in South America to cause much damage, but the other species might cause greater damage in North America if their own parasites were eliminated before release. C1 USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502. RP CORDO, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL WEEDS LAB,BOLIVAR 1559,RA-1686 HURLINGHAM,BUENOS AIRES,ARGENTINA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 218 EP 230 DI 10.1006/bcon.1995.1027 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA RC981 UT WOS:A1995RC98100014 ER PT J AU SLAVICEK, JM HAYESPLAZOLLES, N KELLY, ME AF SLAVICEK, JM HAYESPLAZOLLES, N KELLY, ME TI RAPID FORMATION OF FEW POLYHEDRA MUTANTS OF LYMANTRIA-DISPAR MULTINUCLEOCAPSID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS DURING SERIAL PASSAGE IN CELL-CULTURE SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA DISPAR MULTINUCLEOCAPSID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; LYMANTRIA DISPAR; GYPSY MOTH; CELL CULTURE; FEW POLYHEDRA MUTANTS; BIOCONTROL ID AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA; PLAQUE VARIANTS; BACULOVIRUSES; INSERTIONS AB Four genotypic variants of Lymantria dispar multi-nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV) were used to investigate the generation of few polyhedra (FP) mutants during viral propagation in the L. dispar 652Y cell line. Titers of budded virus, the percentage of infected cells producing polyhedra, the amount of polyhedra produced per cell, the proportion of virus exhibiting an FP phenotype, virion occlusion characteristics, and changes in genomic DNA digestion profiles were investigated through five serial passages. LdMNPV FP mutants arose and became predominate very quickly during serial passage. Greater than 92% of the virus present after the second passage exhibited an FP phenotype in three of the four LdMNPV isolates studied. The amount of budded virus produced by the isolates was from approximately 150- to 250-fold greater at the third passage compared to the amount produced at the first passage. The percentage of infected cells producing polyhedra decreased by an average of 35.6% during serial passage. The number of polyhedra produced per cell decreased between 2.3- and 5.6 fold from the first to the third passage. Restriction endonuclease digestion profiles of the genomic DNA of the FP mutants were analyzed to determine whether genotypic changes occurred that could be correlated with the appearance of the FP phenotype. The genomic DNA digestion profiles of FP mutants in three of the four isolates matched the profiles of the original wild-type isolates. A DNA insertion of 0.9 kb was found in the fourth isolate; however, it was shown not to be the basis for the FP phenotype. These results indicate that FP mutants arise rapidly during serial propagation of LdMNPV in cell culture. In contrast to other baculoviruses, the LdMNPV FP mutants studied in this investigation appear 60 lack DNA insertions of readily detectable length that could be correlated with the appearance of the FP phenotype. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. RP SLAVICEK, JM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,NE FOREST EXPT STN,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 14 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 251 EP 261 DI 10.1006/bcon.1995.1031 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA RC981 UT WOS:A1995RC98100018 ER PT J AU CAESARTONTHAT, TC DYER, WE QUIMBY, PC ROSENTHAL, SS AF CAESARTONTHAT, TC DYER, WE QUIMBY, PC ROSENTHAL, SS TI FORMULATION OF AN ENDOPARASITIC NEMATODE, SUBANGUINA-PICRIDIS BRZESKI, A BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT FOR RUSSIAN KNAPWEED, ACROPTILON-REPENS (L)DC SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE ACROPTILON REPENS; SUBANGUINA PICRIDIS; FORMULATION; BIOCONTROL ID ANHYDROBIOSIS; SURVIVAL; ALGINATE; OXYGEN; MICROORGANISMS; DEHYDRATION; INDUCTION AB Subanguina (Paranguina) picridis is the only plant pathogen, along with the fungus Puccinia acroptili, known to be effective as a biological control agent against Russian knapweed, Acroptilon repens (L.)DC. The nematode causes galls on stems and leaves of knapweed which considerably weaken and stunt the plants. A formulation technique for long-term storage of the nematode has been developed for nematodes extracted from galls and for those in galls. The nematodes were encapsulated in calcium alginate granules, coated with a unique inverting oil followed by an oil absorbent, and then dried. Survival of the nematodes in whole galls from infected Russian knapweed plants was assessed at two temperatures (4 and -20 degrees C) after drying at room temperature, with or without a coating of inverting oil plus adsorbent. Less than 50% of the nematodes survived for 1 month when coated or uncoated whole galls were stored at 4 or -20 degrees C, with viability declining rapidly thereafter. Nematodes extracted from galls and formulated in calcium alginate survived in dry granules for up to 9 months at -20 degrees C with no significant loss of infectivity. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,RANGE WEEDS & CEREALS RES UNIT,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP CAESARTONTHAT, TC (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 262 EP 266 DI 10.1006/bcon.1995.1032 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA RC981 UT WOS:A1995RC98100019 ER PT J AU PETERSEN, JJ CAWTHRA, JK AF PETERSEN, JJ CAWTHRA, JK TI RELEASE OF A GREGARIOUS MUSCIDIFURAX SPECIES (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) FOR THE CONTROL OF FILTH FLIES ASSOCIATED WITH CONFINED BEEF-CATTLE SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; MUSCIDIFURAX; PTEROMALID WASPS; HOUSE FLY; STABLE FLY; PARASITISM AB A recently colonized gregarious species of Muscidifurax near raptorellus (Kogan and Legner) from eastern Nebraska was evaluated in the field for its potential as a biological control agent for the house fly (Micsca domestica L.) and stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)). Muscidifurax sp. was released at three beef cattle feedlot pens, three times at S-week intervals at 50,000, 100,000, or 200,000 parasitized hosts per treatment. Mean host mortality in sentinel house fly pupae reached 94% 2 weeks after the first release, but parasitism decreased to 72% after 3 weeks. Similar trends were observed with the second and third releases. Also, large numbers of parasite progeny were recovered from sentinel cohorts, suggesting that many of the released parasites found the sentinel pupae. Parasitism by Muscidifurax sp. was substantially lower, 27.4 and 12.2%, respectively, in naturally occurring house fly and stable fly pupae than that observed in sentinel hosts. Little correlation was evident between mean host mortality and a given parasite release rate. This Muscidifurax sp. has a high reproductive capacity, is easily reared, and appears to be one of the more effective species commercially available for fly control on midwestern beef and dairy cattle confinements. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. RP PETERSEN, JJ (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,MIDWEST LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES UNIT,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 6 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 279 EP 284 DI 10.1006/bcon.1995.1034 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA RC981 UT WOS:A1995RC98100021 ER PT J AU GROSS, HR ROGERS, CE AF GROSS, HR ROGERS, CE TI REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY OF EUCELATORIA-RUBENTIS (DIPTERA, TACHINIDAE) REARED ON LARVAE OF HELICOVERPA-ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE EUCELATORIA RUBENTIS; TACHINIDAE; HELICOVERPA TEA; NOCTUIDAE ID BRYANI; GROWTH AB Eucelatoria rubentis (Coquillett) is a tachinid parasitoid of larvae of numerous noctuid species. We studied its reproductive biology as it developed on larvae of the corn earworm Helicoverpa tea (Boddie). The mean number of E. rubentis pupae reared from parasitized 0-, 1-, and 2-day-old fourth instars of H. zea did not differ significantly. However, parasitized 0-, 1-, and 2-day-old fifth instars yielded a mean 2.7, 4.9, and 6.1 E. rubentis pupae, respectively, following a single sting (ovipositor probe) by a female fly. One, two, and three stings of individual 0-day-old fifth instars by E. rubentis yielded a mean 2.5, 5.6, and 7.4 pupae, respectively. A single sting of 0-day-old fifth instars held at 22, 26, 30, and 34 degrees C yielded a mean 1.2, 1.4, 0.9, and 0.0 E. rubenbis pupae, respectively; days to pupation averaged 7.1, 5.5, and 4.7, and days averaged 18.5, 14.4, and 12.4 at 20, 26, and 30 degrees C, respectively. Longevity of male and female E. rubentis averaged 13.8 and 20.9 days, respectively, at 27 degrees C. The number of larvae parasitized and the number of progeny produced by E. rubentis females averaged 97.5 and 234, respectively, at 27 degrees C and a 13:11 light:dark photoperiod. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. RP GROSS, HR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 285 EP 289 DI 10.1006/bcon.1995.1035 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA RC981 UT WOS:A1995RC98100022 ER PT J AU WEI, XT XU, XD DELOACH, CJ AF WEI, XT XU, XD DELOACH, CJ TI BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF WHITE GRUBS (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE) BY LARVAE OF PROMACHUS-YESONICUS (DIPTERA, ASILIDAE) IN CHINA SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE WHITE GRUBS, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; SCARABAEIDAE, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; PROMACHUS YESONICUS; ANOMALA ANTIQUE; ANOMALA CORPULENTA; HOLOTRICHIA PARALLELA AB In a 7-year survey of cultivated fields in Henan Province, China, natural populations of white grubs in the soil were inversely correlated with populations of predaceous asilid larvae, mostly Promachus yesonicus Bigot. Grub populations were reduced by 99% and damage to wheat seedlings was reduced by 96%, when six to eight predator larvae per 5-m(2) plot were present. In 5-m(2) held plots artificially infested with 30 grubs per plot during 3 years, the addition of larvae of P. yesonicus reduced grub populations by from 21% with one predator larva per plot to 99% with eight per plot. In these same plots, damage to wheat seedlings was reduced by 68 to 96% with the addition of one to eight larvae of P. yesonicus per plot. P. yesonicus was easy to rear in the laboratory where adults mated normally and females laid an average 202 eggs. Larvae of P. yesonicus have potential as biological agents for control of scarab grubs. C1 HENAN RES INST BIOL,ZHENGZHOU 450003,PEOPLES R CHINA. USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502. RP WEI, XT (reprint author), AGR TECHNOL CTR ZHENPING CTY,ZHENPING 474250,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 290 EP 296 DI 10.1006/bcon.1995.1036 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA RC981 UT WOS:A1995RC98100023 ER PT J AU BUTTE, NF WONG, WW FIOROTTO, M SMITH, EO GARZA, C AF BUTTE, NF WONG, WW FIOROTTO, M SMITH, EO GARZA, C TI INFLUENCE OF EARLY FEEDING MODE ON BODY-COMPOSITION OF INFANTS SO BIOLOGY OF THE NEONATE LA English DT Article DE BODY COMPOSITION; INFANTS; TOTAL BODY WATER; TOTAL-BODY ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY ID FORMULA-FED INFANTS; BREAST-FED INFANTS; ENERGY-UTILIZATION; HUMAN-MILK; GROWTH; AGE; PROTEIN; FATNESS; WATER; GAIN AB To determine the effect of infant feeding mode on body composition, a cross-sectional study was designed in which 10 breast-fed and 10 formula-fed infants were studied at 1 month of age, and another 10 breast-fed and 10 formula-fed infants at 4 months of age. Anthropometric measurements included body weights, lengths, selected diameters, circumferences and skinfold thicknesses. Total body water (TBWO) was measured by O-18 dilution. A dose equivalent to 300 mg O-18/kg body weight was administered orally to the infants. Fat-free mass (FFM(O)) was calculated from TBWO using reference hydration constants of 0.805 and 0.798 at 1 and 4 months, respectively. Body fate was taken as the difference between weight and FFM(O). Total-body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) measurements were used to estimate FFM(T) anf fat(T). ANOVA was used to analyze the anthropometric and body composition data using feeding mode and age as grouping factors. Anthropometric measurements did clot differ by feeding mode. TBW (kg) and FFM (kg) and body fat (kg) derived from O-18 dilution or TOBEC did not differ by feeding mode. TBWO,T (%wt), FFM(O,T) (%wt), and body fat(O,T) (%wt) derived from O-18 dilution and TOBEC differed significantly between the breast-fed and formula-fed infants at 4 months of age (p < 0.05). Expressed as a percentage of body weight, TBWO and FFM(O,T) were higher and body fat(O,T) was lower among the 4-month formula-fed infants. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. CORNELL UNIV,DIV NUTR,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0006-3126 J9 BIOL NEONATE JI Biol. Neonate PD JUN PY 1995 VL 67 IS 6 BP 414 EP 424 PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RP983 UT WOS:A1995RP98300004 PM 7578625 ER PT J AU PARKER, SR CUTLER, HG SCHREINER, PR AF PARKER, SR CUTLER, HG SCHREINER, PR TI KONINGININ-C - A BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCT FROM TRICHODERMA-KONINGII SO BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note AB Koninginin C, a congener of koninginins A and B, was isolated from Trichoderma koningii fermented on a shredded wheat medium. The compound inhibited the growth of etiolated wheat coleoptiles by 100% at 10(-3) M. It was a fine, white cystalline substance with a molecular formula of C16H28O4 and a melting point of 70-72 degrees C. C1 UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT CHEM, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. RP PARKER, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, POB 5677, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. RI Schreiner, Peter Richard/A-4084-2008 OI Schreiner, Peter Richard/0000-0002-3608-5515 NR 4 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0916-8451 EI 1347-6947 J9 BIOSCI BIOTECH BIOCH JI Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 6 BP 1126 EP 1127 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RG201 UT WOS:A1995RG20100033 PM 7612999 ER PT J AU KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C STANKER, LH AF KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C STANKER, LH TI EFFECT OF ENCAPSULATED AMMONIUM PERSULFATE ON DNA BANDING IN SEQUENCING GELS SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note RP KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F & B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JUN PY 1995 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1006 EP 1007 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA RB854 UT WOS:A1995RB85400017 PM 7546699 ER PT J AU SALAS, C LOBOS, S LARRAIN, J SALAS, L CULLEN, D VICUNA, R AF SALAS, C LOBOS, S LARRAIN, J SALAS, L CULLEN, D VICUNA, R TI PROPERTIES OF LACCASE ISOENZYMES PRODUCED BY THE BASIDIOMYCETE CERIPORIOPSIS-SUBVERMISPORA SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FUNGUS PHLEBIA-RADIATA; CORIOLUS-VERSICOLOR; RIGIDOPORUS-LIGNOSUS; LIGNINOLYTIC ENZYMES; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; MODEL COMPOUNDS; DEGRADATION; PURIFICATION; PEROXIDASE; EXPRESSION AB Laccase is one of the ligninolytic enzymes found in liquid cultures of the fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora in defined medium. As an approach to a clarification of the role of laccases during the attack on lignin by the fungus, the enzyme has been characterized further. The levels of this phenol oxidase increase 2-fold in the presence of p-anisidine and are severely affected when addition of either Mn(II) or Cu(II) ions to the medium is omitted. Isoelectrofocusing allowed the resolution of two laccase isoenzymes, with pIs of 3.65 and 3.59. In rich medium, laccase activity is 10-fold higher than in salt medium, and it is not affected by the external addition of p-anisidine or Ran(II). Four isoenzymes were detected in these cultures, with pIs between 3.76 and 3.60. In a wheat bran medium, four isoenzymes with pIs in the range 3.63-3.46, plus a fifth isoenzyme of high pI (4.82), were also identified. The absorption spectrum of a pool containing the four isoenzymes from rich medium shows a maximum at 600 nn, typical of laccase possessing a type I copper atom. The molecular mass of the isoenzyme with pI 3.60 is 79 kDa, as determined by SDS/PAGE. Upon treatment with endoglycosidase F, the molecular mass of this isoform decreases to 63 kDa, indicating a high degree of glycosylation. Substrate specificity studies conducted with the four isoenzymes from rich medium and a combination of isoenzymes from salt medium showed marked differences among them. The amino-terminal sequences (24 residues) of three isoenzymes isolated from rich medium were determined. Two of them are identical, whereas the third one differs from these in three amino acid residues. The consensus sequence reveals clear homology with laccases from other microorganisms. C1 US FOREST SERV,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. PONTIFICIA UNIV CATOLICA CHILE,FAC CIENCIAS BIOL,BIOQUIM LAB,SANTIAGO,CHILE. NR 40 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 2 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0885-4513 J9 BIOTECHNOL APPL BIOC JI Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 21 BP 323 EP 333 PN 3 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RC594 UT WOS:A1995RC59400008 PM 7794534 ER PT J AU GAGNE, RJ AF GAGNE, RJ TI CONTARINIA MACULIPENNIS (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE), A POLYPHAGOUS PEST NEWLY REPORTED FOR NORTH-AMERICA SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB A gall midge recently found on Dendrobium orchids in Florida, USA, is identified as Contarinia maculipennis Felt. The identification is based on anatomical similarity to a polyphagous species originally described from Hawaii but which now appears to be from south-east Asia. Contarinia maculipennis is redescribed and compared to Contarinia solani (Rubsaamen) and C. lycopersici Felt, two species with which it has been confused in the literature. C1 USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX10 8DE SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 85 IS 2 BP 209 EP 214 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TD339 UT WOS:A1995TD33900006 ER PT J AU BYERS, ME TYESS, D ANTONIOUS, GF HILBORN, D JARRET, L AF BYERS, ME TYESS, D ANTONIOUS, GF HILBORN, D JARRET, L TI MONITORING HERBICIDE LEACHING IN SUSTAINABLE VEGETABLE CULTURE USING TENSION LYSIMETERS SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLOMAZONE; SOIL C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,INST AGR & NAT RESOURCES,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,LEXINGTON,KY. RP BYERS, ME (reprint author), KENTUSKY STATE UNIV,COMMUNITY RES SERV,FRANKFORT,KY 40601, USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 54 IS 6 BP 848 EP 854 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QT577 UT WOS:A1995QT57700010 PM 7647500 ER PT J AU GOANS, RE WEISS, GH ABRAMS, SA PEREZ, MD YERGEY, AL AF GOANS, RE WEISS, GH ABRAMS, SA PEREZ, MD YERGEY, AL TI CALCIUM TRACER KINETICS SHOW DECREASED IRREVERSIBLE FLOW TO BONE IN GLUCOCORTICOID-TREATED PATIENTS SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM; KINETICS; STABLE ISOTOPE; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; OSTEOPENIA; MATHEMATICAL MODELING ID DERMATOMYOSITIS; POLYMYOSITIS AB Osteopenia resulting from pharmacologic doses of glucocorticoids is well known. Previously, there has been no satisfactory quantitative model describing the kinetics of calcium flow in subjects on chronic steroid use. A mathematical model of calcium isotope interaction with bone is described and applied to determine an estimate of kinetic parameters characterizing these changes. Calcium tracer dilution kinetics after a bolus injection of Ca-42 were measured in 14 subjects with juvenile dermatomyositis, 6 on prednisone regimens and 8 on treatment regimens without prednisone. Irreversible tracer loss from plasma bone is found to be significantly reduced (P = 0.043) in the glucocorticoid-treated patients compared with patients on nonsteroid regimens. Reversible flow to bone is noted to be similar in the two groups. These results suggest a direct effect of glucocorticoids on osteoblast function. C1 NICHHD,THEORET & PHYS BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIH,DCRT,PHYS SCI LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0171-967X J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 56 IS 6 BP 533 EP 535 DI 10.1007/BF00298584 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA QZ590 UT WOS:A1995QZ59000007 PM 7648481 ER PT J AU Zielinski, WJ Kucera, TE Barrett, RH AF Zielinski, WJ Kucera, TE Barrett, RH TI Current distribution of the fisher, Martes pennanti, in California SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article AB We describe the 1989-1994 distribution of the fisher, Martes pennanti, in California based on the results of detection surveys that used either sooted track-plates or cameras. Fishers were detected in two regions of the state: the northwest and the southern Sierra Nevada. Despite considerable survey effort, neither fisher tracks nor photographs were collected in the area between Mt. Shasta and Yosemite National Park. This represents a significant breach in the distribution formerly interpreted as continuous. Detection survey results suggest that the population in the southern Sierra Nevada may be isolated from populations to the north. We recommend that additional survey effort be focused on the southern Cascades and northern Sierra Nevada and that forests of the Sierra Nevada be managed to encourage the movement of fishers between these areas. We also recommend that descriptions of the current distributions of uncommon carnivores be based on techniques that produce verifiable records rather than summaries of incidental sightings. RP Zielinski, WJ (reprint author), HUMBOLDT STATE UNIV,DEPT WILDLIFE,US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,USDA,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 16 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 7 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SUM PY 1995 VL 81 IS 3 BP 104 EP 112 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA UW588 UT WOS:A1995UW58800003 ER PT J AU RAFFLE, VL ANDERSON, NA FURNIER, GR DOUDRICK, RL AF RAFFLE, VL ANDERSON, NA FURNIER, GR DOUDRICK, RL TI VARIATION IN MATING COMPETENCE AND RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA IN LACCARIA BICOLOR (AGARICALES) ASSOCIATED WITH 3 TREE HOST SPECIES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE HETEROGENIC INCOMPATIBILITY; RAPD; POPULATION GENETICS ID HETEROBASIDION-ANNOSUM; INTERSTERILITY GROUPS; L-AMETHYSTINA; BLACK SPRUCE; L-PROXIMA; INCOMPATIBILITY; DIFFERENTIATION; MARKERS; SUILLUS AB We examined the population genetic structure of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor (Maire) Orton using single spore homokaryotic cultures from 33 basidiomes collected in northern Minnesota in association with red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) of three age-classes (0-20 years, 21-40 years, and > 41 years). Mating competence between cultures of isolates, as determined by the presence of clamp connections, revealed the presence of two subpopulations that were not freely interbreeding, one composed of 29 dikaryons, the other of 3 dikaryons. Phenetic cluster analysis using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers did not reveal differentiation between these subpopulations. Clustering failed to reveal genetically distinct groups based on incompatibility group, tree host species, or geographic origin of isolates. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,GULFPORT,MS 39505. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 73 IS 6 BP 884 EP & PG 0 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RF149 UT WOS:A1995RF14900009 ER PT J AU WURTZ, TL AF WURTZ, TL TI UNDERSTORY ALDER IN 3 BOREAL FORESTS OF ALASKA - LOCAL-DISTRIBUTION AND EFFECTS ON SOIL FERTILITY SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID INCANA SSP RUGOSA; DOUGLAS-FIR; RED ALDER; ALNUS-GLUTINOSA; CLONAL SHRUB; PLANT-GROWTH; NITROGEN; STANDS; PHOSPHORUS; LITTERFALL AB The distribution and effects on soil chemistry of shrub alders (Alnus spp.) occurring in the understory of the boreal forest of Alaska were examined. Understory alder ramet distribution was mapped on three sites; ramet density ranged from 150 to 5280 ramets/ha. Allometric biomass models were developed for alder ramets; maps of the spatial distribution of ramets and of estimated aboveground alder biomass are presented. Biomass of alders in the understory ranged from 20 to 690 g . m(-2). The total nitrogen of soils collected beneath alder and from areas without alder differed among the three sites and between two sampling episodes. In undisturbed forest, alder soils tended to have more nitrogen than nonalder soils. On the two sites where background soil fertility was low, a greenhouse bioassay matched these results: alder soils had greater nutrient-supplying capacity than nonalder soils. In soil collected after the sites were harvested, however, results varied. Areas that had supported dense alder before harvesting had more soil nitrogen than areas with no alder at only one site, and at another site, alder soils had significantly less total nitrogen. This study suggests that the effect of understory alders on the boreal forest soil mosaic is a function of site characteristics such as canopy openness and soil background fertility. RP WURTZ, TL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,INST NO FORESTRY,308 TANANA DR,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 50 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 25 IS 6 BP 987 EP 996 DI 10.1139/x95-107 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RN417 UT WOS:A1995RN41700013 ER PT J AU VOSE, JM SULLIVAN, NH CLINTON, BD BOLSTAD, PV AF VOSE, JM SULLIVAN, NH CLINTON, BD BOLSTAD, PV TI VERTICAL LEAF-AREA DISTRIBUTION, LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE, AND APPLICATION OF THE BEER-LAMBERT LAW IN 4 MATURE HARDWOOD STANDS IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID OAK-HICKORY FOREST; CANOPY STRUCTURE; PHOTOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; RAPID ESTIMATION; LOBLOLLY-PINE; SITKA SPRUCE; INDEX; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; INTERCEPTION AB We quantified stand leaf area index and vertical leaf area distribution, and developed canopy extinction coefficients (k), in four mature hardwood stands. Leaf area index, calculated from litter fall and specific leaf area (cm(2) . g(-1)), ranged from 4.3 to 5.4 m(2) . m(-2). In three of the four stands, leaf area was distributed in the upper canopy. In the other stand, leaf area was uniformly distributed throughout the canopy. Variation in vertical leaf area distribution was related to the size and density of upper and lower canopy trees. Light transmittance through the canopies followed the Beer-Lambert Law, and k values ranged from 0.53 to 0.67. Application of these k values to an independent set of five hardwood stands with validation data for light transmittance and litter-fall leaf area index yielded variable results. For example, at k = 0.53, calculated leaf area index was within +/-10% of litter-fall estimates for three of the five sites, but from -35 to +85% different for two other sites. Averaged across all validation sites, litter-fall leaf area index and Beer-Lambert leaf area index predictions were in much closer agreement (+/-7 to +/-15%). C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,COLL FORESTRY & WILDLIFE RESOURCES,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP VOSE, JM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,OTTO,NC 28763, USA. NR 36 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 23 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1036 EP 1043 DI 10.1139/x95-113 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RN417 UT WOS:A1995RN41700019 ER PT J AU NEMEC, S AF NEMEC, S TI STRESS-RELATED COMPOUNDS IN XYLEM FLUID OF BLIGHT-DISEASED CITRUS CONTAINING FUSARIUM-SOLANI NAPHTHAZARIN TOXINS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE HOST SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHYTOTOXINS; ISOMARTICIN; ELISA; FUNGI; ROOTS ID ROUGH LEMON SEEDLINGS; PEROXIDASE; ENZYMES; PLANTS; DIHYDROFUSARUBIN; ISOMARTICIN; RESISTANCE; INDUCTION; PROTEINS; TISSUE AB Naphthazarin toxins of Fusarium solani were detected and quantified by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in xylem fluid of scaffold roots from blight-diseased trees. These toxins alter plant metabolic activity; this study examined their effects on xylem health by measuring physiological components in xylem fluid. Protein concentration in fluid was positively correlated with increases in toxin concentration. In fluid containing about 100 mu g . L(-1) toxin, total amino acids reached levels 2.5 to 3.0 times greater than those in fluid containing no detectable toxin; asparagine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, and arginine were the most abundant. Levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, polyphenol oxidase, chlorogenic acid oxidase, and superoxide dismutase activity did not increase in xylem fluid containing toxin, which may be a reason why vascular discoloration did not occur. Xylem fluid containing about 20 mu g . L(-1) toxin was associated with a 9-fold increase in total phenolics and a 15-fold increase in peroxidase. Peroxidases were predominantly anionic and may function in defense. Some of these peroxidases may function as lignases, releasing phenolic and other constituents from cells and cell walls. These toxins are known to enhance membrane permeability, which may be the main reason for the accumulation of these stress metabolites in xylem fluid. These data explain the disruption of hydraulic conductivity in blight tree roots and the eventual physiological breakdown of roots on diseased trees. RP USDA ARS, HORT RES LAB, 2120 CAMDEN RD, ORLANDO, FL 32803 USA. NR 65 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 EI 1480-3275 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 41 IS 6 BP 515 EP 524 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA RK588 UT WOS:A1995RK58800009 ER PT J AU DORGAN, JF REICHMAN, ME JUDD, JT BROWN, C LONGCOPE, C SCHATZKIN, A CAMPBELL, WS FRANZ, C KAHLE, L TAYLOR, PR AF DORGAN, JF REICHMAN, ME JUDD, JT BROWN, C LONGCOPE, C SCHATZKIN, A CAMPBELL, WS FRANZ, C KAHLE, L TAYLOR, PR TI RELATIONSHIPS OF AGE AND REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS WITH PLASMA ESTROGENS AND ANDROGENS IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER RISK; HORMONE-BINDING GLOBULIN; 1ST BIRTH; MENSTRUAL FACTORS; MENARCHE; PARITY; POPULATION; MENOPAUSE; ASSOCIATIONS; ENVIRONMENT AB We used data from a cross-sectional study of 107 premenopausal women to evaluate the relation of age, menarcheal age, parity, and age at first live birth with plasma estrogen and androgen levels in premenopausal women, Fasting blood specimens were collected on each of days 5-7, 12-15, and 21-23 of menstrual cycles of the participants and pooled to create follicular, midcycle, and luteal phase samples, respectively, for each woman, Age was associated significantly and positively with plasma estradiol levels during the follicular phase [percentage difference/year = 2.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-4.2] and midcycle (percentage difference/year = 2.7; 95% CI = 0.9-4.7) but not the luteal phase (percentage difference/year = -0.4; 95% CI = -1.9-1.3) of the menstrual cycle, The relation of age to plasma estradiol varied by parity, with significant interactions during midcycle and luteal phase, Among nulliparous women, plasma estradiol levels increased with age midcycle and during the luteal phase, but among parous women estradiol levels decreased with age during these phases of the menstrual cycle, Plasma estrone increased with age in all women during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (percentage difference/year = 1.5; 95% CI = 0.2-2.8), During the luteal phase there was a significant interaction with parity; estrone levels in nulliparous women varied only slightly with age, but levels in parous women decreased significantly as age increased, The androgens, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate decreased, and sex hormone-binding globulin increased as age increased, The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that pregnancy may modify age-related changes in plasma estrogen levels. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,WORCESTER,MA 01655. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,SCH MED,DEPT MED,WORCESTER,MA 01655. INFORMAT MANAGEMENT SERV INC,SILVER SPRING,MD 20904. RP DORGAN, JF (reprint author), NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,6130 EXECUT BLVD,EPN,ROOM 211,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 44 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 4 IS 4 BP 381 EP 386 PG 6 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RC372 UT WOS:A1995RC37200012 PM 7655334 ER PT J AU ROMKENS, MJM LUK, SH POESEN, JWA MERMUT, AR AF ROMKENS, MJM LUK, SH POESEN, JWA MERMUT, AR TI RAIN INFILTRATION INTO LOESS SOILS FROM DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS SO CATENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Memorial Symposium on Experimental Geomorphology and Landscape Ecosystem Changes CY MAR 22-26, 1993 CL LOUVAIN, BELGIUM ID SEAL; LAYER AB Loess soils are among the most erodible soils. Therefore, evaluating and enhancing infiltration is paramount in controlling soil loss. A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the relative difference in infiltration among selected loess surface and subsurface soils from Belgium, Canada, China, and the United States, representing the major loess belts of the Northern Hemisphere. Soils were subjected to simulated rainstorms of constant intensity (I= 41.1 mm . h(-1)), duration (2 hours), and energy rate (27.0 J . m(-2) per mm of rain). Infiltration, runoff, and soil water pressure were continuously monitored. Infiltration was described by a linear relationship for the pre-ponding period and by a power series for the post-pending period. Differences in infiltration response were attributed to differences in soil properties such as differences in organic matter, particle size, swelling clay content, Fe-oxyhydroxides, and carbonates. Despite the high organic carbon content and coarser texture of the Canadian loess surface soil, the presence of highly expansive smectitic clay caused a rapid reduction in infiltration rates indicating the importance of soil mineralogical constituents in surface seal development. C1 UNIV TORONTO,ERINDALE COLL,DEPT GEOG,MISSISSAUGA,ON L5L 1C6,CANADA. KATHOLIEKE UNIV LEUVEN,EXPTL GEOMORPHOL LAB,NATL FUND SCI RES,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,DEPT SOIL SCI,SASKATOON,SK S7N 0W0,CANADA. RP ROMKENS, MJM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 11 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JUN PY 1995 VL 25 IS 1-4 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1016/0341-8162(94)00039-H PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RN138 UT WOS:A1995RN13800004 ER PT J AU BOSTOM, AG ROUBENOFF, R DELLARIPA, P NADEAU, MR SUTHERLAND, P WILSON, PWF JACQUES, PF SELHUB, J ROSENBERG, IH AF BOSTOM, AG ROUBENOFF, R DELLARIPA, P NADEAU, MR SUTHERLAND, P WILSON, PWF JACQUES, PF SELHUB, J ROSENBERG, IH TI VALIDATION OF ABBREVIATED ORAL METHIONINE-LOADING TEST SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; PLASMA C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA. RP BOSTOM, AG (reprint author), FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,5 THURBER ST,FRAMINGHAM,MA 01701, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR 00054]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 02120] NR 8 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 41 IS 6 BP 948 EP 949 PN 1 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA RC059 UT WOS:A1995RC05900028 PM 7768022 ER PT J AU CONTOIS, JH LAMMIKEEFE, CJ MCNAMARA, JR WILSON, PWF SCHAEFER, EJ AF CONTOIS, JH LAMMIKEEFE, CJ MCNAMARA, JR WILSON, PWF SCHAEFER, EJ TI REFERENCE INTERVALS FOR PLASMA APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I, APOLIPOPROTEIN-B, AND LIPOPROTEIN(A) DETERMINED BY IMMUNOTURBIDIMETRY - RESULTS FROM THE FRAMINGHAM OFFSPRING STUDY SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT NUTR SCI,STORRS,CT 06269. FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA 01701. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 41 IS 6 SU S BP S142 EP S142 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA RD904 UT WOS:A1995RD90400479 ER PT J AU GALLAGHER, S STJERN, C AF GALLAGHER, S STJERN, C TI NITROGEN ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES BY PYROCHEMILUMINESCENCE(TM) (PCL) SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 41 IS 6 SU S BP S144 EP S144 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA RD904 UT WOS:A1995RD90400491 ER PT J AU YIP, TT SHULMAN, RJ HUTCHENS, TW AF YIP, TT SHULMAN, RJ HUTCHENS, TW TI UTILIZATION OF IRON-BINDING PROTEINS IN THE INFANT GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT EVALUATED DIRECTLY BY AFFINITY MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PEDIAT,DAVIS,CA 95616. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 41 IS 6 SU S BP S96 EP S96 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA RD904 UT WOS:A1995RD90400282 ER PT J AU LYON, SM MONTGOMERY, ME AF LYON, SM MONTGOMERY, ME TI SCYMNUS (PULLUS) SUTURALIS THUNBERG (COLEOPTERA, COCCINELLIDAE) - NEW LOCALITY RECORDS, AND A REPORT OF FEEDING ON HEMLOCK WOOLLY ADELGID, ADELGES TSUGAE ANNAND (HOMOPTERA, ADELGIDAE) SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Note RP LYON, SM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE CTR FOREST HLTH RES,HAMDEN,CT 06514, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI NATCHEZ PA P.O. BOX 767, NATCHEZ, MS 39121 SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 49 IS 2 BP 118 EP 118 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RE815 UT WOS:A1995RE81500003 ER PT J AU TOMBACK, DF CLARY, JK KOEHLER, J HOFF, RJ ARNO, SF AF TOMBACK, DF CLARY, JK KOEHLER, J HOFF, RJ ARNO, SF TI THE EFFECTS OF BLISTER RUST ON POSTFIRE REGENERATION OF WHITEBARK-PINE - THE SUNDANCE BURN OF NORTHERN IDAHO (USA) SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLARK NUTCRACKER; DISPERSAL AB In the northern Rocky Mountains, whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is rapidly declining as a result of previous five exclusion policies, mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreaks, and white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola). Blister rust is potentially the most destructive agent, killing seedlings, cone-bearing branches, and, eventually, mature trees. We examined densities of whitebark pine regeneration and the incidence and severity of blister-rust infection of seedlings and saplings in the 25-year-old Sundance Burn in the Selkirk Range of northern Idaho, an area heavily infected by blister rust. We found that the mean regeneration density of whitebark pine was significantly lower than that of two other comparably aged burns in western Montana. The low density was attributed to the severe damage to the seed source on the brim perimeter, resulting from previous infestation of mountain pine beetle and blister rust. Overall, 29% of the whitebark pine regeneration in the Sundance Burn was infected by blister rust. Age and height of seedlings were important predictors of incidence of infection, and height was the most important predictor of severity of infection. Thus, as seedlings grow larger, they present a bigger target to airborne blister-rust spores. Because of the lack of seed production in the adjacent forest and expected mortality, regeneration of whitebark pine in the Sundance Burn will be slow In areas of northern Idaho and northwestern Montana affected by blister rust and pine beetle, prescribed fires for managing whitebark pine ecosystems should be restricted to small areas or should require plantings of rust-resistant seedlings. C1 UNIV COLORADO,CTR ENVIRONM SCI,DENVER,CO 80217. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT MATH,DENVER,CO 80217. US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,MOSCOW,ID 83843. US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,FIRE SCI LAB,MISSOULA,MT 59807. RP TOMBACK, DF (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT BIOL,DENVER,CO 80217, USA. NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP 654 EP 664 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09030654.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RB704 UT WOS:A1995RB70400023 ER PT J AU WITMER, GW MATSCHKE, GH CAMPBELL, DL AF WITMER, GW MATSCHKE, GH CAMPBELL, DL TI FIELD TRIALS OF POCKET GOPHER CONTROL WITH CHOLECALCIFEROL SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE CHOLECALIFEROL; DAMAGE; RODENTICIDE; THOMOMYS; TOXICANT AB Cholecaliferol (Vitamin D-3) was evaluated as a field rodenticide for controlling pocket gophers (Thomomys spp.) under forest and seed orchard conditions by monitoring radio-equipped pocket gophers following the application of 0.0%, 0.003%, 0.04%, 0.075% and 0.15% cholecalciferol oat baits. Tn one trial, the difference in mortality of the three lower concentrations was not significantly greater than the control group. In two subsequent trials with the higher concentration (0.15%), mortality between the treatments was significantly greater than in the control groups. We recommend that primary and secondary hazards of cholecaliferol to nontarget species and predators be investigated. C1 US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,OLYMPIA FIELD STN,OLYMPIA,WA 98512. RP WITMER, GW (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4 BP 307 EP 309 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(94)00002-P PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RH345 UT WOS:A1995RH34500007 ER PT J AU SALEH, MME LEWIS, LC OBRYCKI, JJ AF SALEH, MME LEWIS, LC OBRYCKI, JJ TI SELECTION OF NOSEMA-PYRAUSTA (MICROSPORIDIA, NOSEMATIDAE)-INFECTED OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) EGGS FOR PARASITIZATION BY TRICHOGRAMMA-NUBILALE (HYMENOPTERA, TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE INSECTS; TRICHOGRAMMA NUBILALE; OSTRINIA NUBILALIS; NOSEMA PYRAUSTA ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; MACROCENTRUS-GRANDII; CENTRAL ILLINOIS; HOST; IMPACT AB Trichogramma nubilale Ertie and Davis females were offered a choice between egg masses of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), infected with the microsporidium Nosema pyrausta (Paillot) and non-infected egg masses. Nosema pyrausta-infected O. nubilalis eggs were smaller (weight) than non-infected host eggs. Trichogramma nubilale females did not discriminate between infected and N. pyrausta-free egg masses. This microsporidian infection did not significantly affect the sex ratio of emerging wasps. Significantly fewer and smaller adult parasitoids emerged from infected host eggs than from noninfected eggs. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,GENET LAB,CORN INSECTS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4 BP 327 EP 330 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(94)00006-T PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RH345 UT WOS:A1995RH34500011 ER PT J AU GREGOIRE, TG VALENTINE, HT FURNIVAL, GM AF GREGOIRE, TG VALENTINE, HT FURNIVAL, GM TI SAMPLING METHODS TO ESTIMATE FOLIAGE AND OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUAL TREES SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTITHETIC VARIATES; AUXILIARY INFORMATION; BIOMASS; CONTROL VARIATES; ESTIMATION; IMPORTANCE SAMPLING; PROXY FUNCTION; RANDOMIZED BRANCH SAMPLING ID SAPWOOD AREA; LOBLOLLY-PINE; SURFACE-AREA; BOLE VOLUME; DRY-WEIGHT; LEAF-AREA; BIOMASS; DIAMETER; FOREST AB The total foliar area or mass of a tree is difficult to measure, as is its bark or cambial area, and various other components of aboveground biomass. A variety of sampling methods is proposed and estimators of these characteristics are presented. Based on probability precepts, all estimators are unbiased. An unbiased estimator of variance for each estimator also is presented. The basis in probability rather than a fitted regression equation provides some important safeguards, and is a useful alternative when fitted regression functions are unavailable for a particular species and physiographic condition. C1 US FOREST SERV,LOUSI C WYMAN FORESTRY SCI LAB,DURHAM,NH 03824. YALE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & ENVIRONM STUDIES,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. RP GREGOIRE, TG (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,COLL FORESTRY & WILDLIFE RESOURCES,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 40 TC 74 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 9 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI TEMPE PA ARIZONA STATE UNIV CENTER ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, TEMPE, AZ 85287 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUN PY 1995 VL 76 IS 4 BP 1181 EP 1194 DI 10.2307/1940925 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QZ878 UT WOS:A1995QZ87800014 ER PT J AU PUEYO, JJ MORGAN, TD AMEENUDDIN, N LIANG, C REECK, GR CHRISPEELS, MJ KRAMER, KJ AF PUEYO, JJ MORGAN, TD AMEENUDDIN, N LIANG, C REECK, GR CHRISPEELS, MJ KRAMER, KJ TI EFFECTS OF BEAN AND WHEAT ALPHA-AMYLASE INHIBITORS ON ALPHA-AMYLASE ACTIVITY AND GROWTH OF STORED-PRODUCT INSECT PESTS SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE AMYLASE INHIBITOR; RED KIDNEY BEAN; HARD RED WINTER WHEAT; GROWTH; INSECTS; BEETLES; PLANT RESISTANCE; STORED PRODUCTS; PROTEASE INHIBITOR ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; PROTEINACEOUS INHIBITORS; SEEDS; PURIFICATION; RESISTANCE; CYSTEINE; COLEOPTERA; WEEVIL; RICE AB Insect alpha-amylase inhibiting and/or growth inhibiting activities of proteinaceous inhibitors from red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) were examined. The bean inhibitor was most effective in vitro against alpha-amylases from the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) and the confused flour beetle (T. confusum), followed by those from the rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) and yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). The insect enzymes were from two- to 50-fold more susceptible than human salivary Q-amylase. When the inhibitors were added at a 1% level to a wheat flour plus germ diet, the growth of red flour beetle larvae was slowed relative to that of the control group of larvae, with the bean inhibitor being more effective than the wheat inhibitor. Development of both the red flour beetle and flat grain beetle (Cryptolestes pusillus) was delayed by 1% bean inhibitor, but development of the sawtoothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) and lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica) was not affected by either the bean or wheat inhibitor at the 1% level. Rice weevil adults fed a diet containing 1% bean or wheat inhibitor exhibited more mortality than weevils fed the control diet. When the wheat amylase inhibitor was combined with a cysteine protease inhibitor, E-64, and fed to red flour beetle larvae, a reduction in the growth rate and an increase in the time required for adult eclosion occurred relative to larvae fed either of the inhibitors separately. The bean inhibitor was just as effective alone as when it was combined with the protease inhibitor. These results demonstrate that plant inhibitors of insect digestive enzymes act as growth inhibitors of insects and possibly as plant defense proteins, and open the way to the use of the genes of these inhibitors for genetically improving the resistance of cereals to storage pests. C1 USDA ARS, US GRAIN MKT RES LAB, MANHATTAN, KS 66502 USA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, DEPT BIOL, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI, DEPT BIOCHEM, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. RI Pueyo, Jose/D-8993-2016 OI Pueyo, Jose/0000-0003-0337-4078 NR 28 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 75 IS 3 BP 237 EP 244 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RG667 UT WOS:A1995RG66700006 ER PT J AU GRIBKO, LS LIEBHOLD, AM HOHN, ME AF GRIBKO, LS LIEBHOLD, AM HOHN, ME TI MODEL TO PREDICT GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) DEFOLIATION USING KRIGING AND LOGISTIC-REGRESSION SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA DISPAR; EGG MASS; OUTBREAK ID POPULATIONS; DYNAMICS; DENSITY AB Outbreaks of the gipsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L), typically occur over large areas but are difficult to predict. Most gypsy moth management programs base suppression decisions on models that predict defoliation from preseason counts of egg masses in a given stand. In this study we developed a statistical model that used spatially stratified egg mass samples to predict gypsy moth defoliation on a regional scale, rather than on a stand level. The model was developed from historical defoliation sketch-map data and counts of gypsy moth egg masses under burlap bands at irregularly distributed plots in Massachusetts. These counts were used to generate interpolated surfaces of egg mass counts in grid cells (2 by 2 km) throughout the state. Maximum-likelihood procedures were used to parameterize a logistic regression model that predicted the probability of defoliation in each grid cell as a function of interpolated egg mass counts, the presence of defoliation in the previous year, and the 30-yr frequency of defoliation. Predicted probability surfaces tended to align mostly with the distribution of actual defoliation in each year. The model appeared to perform better than a previous model that was based on three-dimensional kriging of defoliation. C1 US FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN, MORGANTOWN, WV 26505 USA. W VIRGINIA GEOL & ECON SURVEY, MORGANTOWN, WV 26507 USA. RP GRIBKO, LS (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV, DIV FORESTRY, POB 6125, MORGANTOWN, WV 26506 USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 24 IS 3 BP 529 EP 537 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RE605 UT WOS:A1995RE60500006 ER PT J AU COOPER, RJ SMITH, HR AF COOPER, RJ SMITH, HR TI PREDATION ON GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) EGG MASSES BY BIRDS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA DISPAR; GYPSY MOTH; EGG MASS ID DISPAR AB We studied predation of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), egg masses in two study areas. In Connecticut, individual egg masses were mapped and examined from February to April. Predation rate, expressed as the mean amount removed from an individual egg mass, increased gradually from 30% in February to 53% in April. The percentage of all egg masses upon which some predation was observed increased from 67% to 89% over the same period. Sixteen of 105 egg masses were completely destroyed. Three species of birds were observed feeding on egg masses in the field. In an aviary study, four out of five bird species fed on egg masses with and without alternative foods. Three species of captive small mammals never ate egg masses. In West Virginia, an exclosure experiment revealed that vertebrate predators accounted for 9.3% of egg mass predation from August to April, whereas invertebrates accounted for only 1.5%. Only 5 of 146 egg masses were completely destroyed. Although it is theoretically possible that mammals were responsible for some predation, the gradual nature of egg removal, direct observations of avian predation, and the fact that no mammal has ever been observed to eat an egg mass in field or laboratory leads us to believe that birds were responsible for the observed predation. We conclude that egg mass predation is a variable but potentially important gypsy moth mortality factor worthy of further study. C1 US FOREST SERV,HAMDEN,CT 06514. RP COOPER, RJ (reprint author), MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,MEMPHIS,TN 38152, USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 24 IS 3 BP 571 EP 575 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RE605 UT WOS:A1995RE60500011 ER PT J AU FARRAR, RR RIDGWAY, RL AF FARRAR, RR RIDGWAY, RL TI FEEDING-BEHAVIOR OF GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) LARVAE ON ARTIFICIAL DIET CONTAINING BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA DISPAR; BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS; BEHAVIOR ID HELIOTHIS-ZEA LARVAE; BETA-EXOTOXIN; SELF-SELECTION; ENDOTOXINS; VIRESCENS; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; BUDWORM; INSECTS; GROWTH AB The effects of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner in artificial diet on the feeding behavior of larvae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), were measured in both shortterm (1 d) and long-term (10 d) tests. In shelf-term tests, reduced rates of feeding, growth, and digestive efficiency were caused by B. thuringiensis at concentrations that did not kill larvae within the duration of the tests. In long-term tests, larvae given a choice between treated and untreated diets avoided diet containing B. thuringiensis for the first 7 d. After 7 d, increased movement by the larvae apparently obscured effects of B. thuringiensis on the distribution of the larvae. Effects of B. thuringiensis on the feeding behavior of gypsy moth larvae may, therefore, be one reason why high rates of mortality of gypsy moth are difficult to obtain with B. thuringiensis under field conditions. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 31 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 24 IS 3 BP 755 EP 761 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RE605 UT WOS:A1995RE60500036 ER PT J AU Hammel, KE AF Hammel, KE TI Mechanisms for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by ligninolytic fungi SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE white-rot fungi; organopollutant degradation; lignin peroxidase; manganese peroxidase ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; MANGANESE PEROXIDASE; OXIDATION; PHENANTHRENE; ANTHRACENE; LIGNINASE AB Ligninolytic fungi accomplish the partial degradation of numerous aromatic organopollutants. Their ability to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is particularly interesting because eukaryotes were previously considered to be unable to cleave fused-ring aromatics. Recent results indicate that extracellular peroxidases of these fungi are responsible for the intitial oxidation of PAHs. Fungal lignin peroxidases oxidize certain PAHs directly, whereas fungal manganese peroxidases co-oxidize them indirectly during enzyme-mediated lipid peroxidation. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Hammel, KE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847 NR 14 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 16 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 103 SU 5 BP 41 EP 43 DI 10.2307/3432477 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA V42AS UT WOS:000202841000011 PM 8565908 ER PT J AU BRADFORD, SA LEIJ, FJ AF BRADFORD, SA LEIJ, FJ TI WETTABILITY EFFECTS ON SCALING 2-FLUID AND 3-FLUID CAPILLARY PRESSURE-SATURATION RELATIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Capillary pressure (P-c) - saturation (S) relationships for porous media containing three fluids are often predicted from two-fluid P-c-S curves. This practice was investigated for porous media with different wettabilities. Two- and three-fluid P-c-S curves were measured, using an automated setup, for sands containing air and water; air and oil, oil and water, and air, oil, and water. Similar P-c-S curves were found for air-oil systems while differences occurred for air-water or oil-water due to differences in hydrophobicity and contact angle hysteresis, Three-fluid P-c-S curves could be accurately predicted for hydrophilic media from two-fluid P-c-S data with scaling, using fitted contact angles and measured interfacial tensions, and Leverett's assumption. Such predictions were found to be inadequate for hydrophobic media because the intermediate fluid is presumably discontinuous. C1 USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. NR 35 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1446 EP 1455 DI 10.1021/es00006a004 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RB131 UT WOS:A1995RB13100021 PM 22276863 ER PT J AU BROWN, SL CHANEY, RL ANGLE, JS BAKER, AJM AF BROWN, SL CHANEY, RL ANGLE, JS BAKER, AJM TI ZINC AND CADMIUM UPTAKE BY HYPERACCUMULATOR THLASPI-CAERULESCENS AND METAL-TOLERANT SILENE-VULGARIS GROWN ON SLUDGE-AMENDED SOILS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Two metal tolerant plants, Thlaspi caerulescens J. and C. Presl. (hyperaccumulator), and Silene vulgaris L. (indicator) were grown with ''Paris Island Cos'' Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia) on longterm sewage sludge plots. Metal uptake patterns by plants in relation to total soil metal and soil pH were examined. The 2-year study used four treatments and two pH levels. Zinc and Cd uptake were measured. Zinc and Cd for Silene and lettuce were as expected with increasing plant concentration in the more contaminated treatments and lower pH levels. Thlaspi followed the same pattern for Cd but not for Zn. Concentrations of Cd were not significantly different between Thlaspi and the other plants. Zinc concentrations in Thlaspi (2000 and 4000 mg kg(-1)) were 10-fold greater than in Silene. They showed no relation to available soil Zn. Although Thlaspi appears to hyperaccumulate Zn on mildly contaminated soils, Cd uptake follows predictable patterns. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV SHEFFIELD,DEPT ANIM & PLANT SCI,SHEFFIELD S10 2UQ,S YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. RP BROWN, SL (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 18 TC 145 Z9 175 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1581 EP 1585 DI 10.1021/es00006a022 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RB131 UT WOS:A1995RB13100039 PM 22276881 ER PT J AU MAYESKE, GW AF MAYESKE, GW TI UNTITLED SO EVALUATION PRACTICE LA English DT Letter RP MAYESKE, GW (reprint author), USDA,EDUC & EXTENS SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAI PRESS INC PI GREENWICH PA 55 OLD POST RD-#2, PO BOX 1678, GREENWICH, CT 06836-1678 SN 0886-1633 J9 EVAL PRACT JI Eval. Pract. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 16 IS 2 BP 211 EP 212 DI 10.1016/0886-1633(95)90032-2 PG 2 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA RN174 UT WOS:A1995RN17400013 ER PT J AU JENKINS, MC CHUTE, MB DANFORTH, HD LILLEHOJ, HS AF JENKINS, MC CHUTE, MB DANFORTH, HD LILLEHOJ, HS TI GAMMA-IRRADIATED AND NONIRRADIATED EIMERIA-TENELLA SPOROZOITES EXHIBIT DIFFERENTIAL URACIL UPTAKE AND EXPRESSION OF A 7-KDA TO 10-KDA METABOLIC ANTIGEN SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EIMERIA TENELLA; COCCIDIA; METABOLIC ACTIVITY; GAMMA IRRADIATION; ANTIGENS; BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN (BSA); CHICKEN EMBRYO FIBROBLASTS (CEF); CULTURE MEDIUM (CM); IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ASSAY (IFA); MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY (MAB); PHENYLMETHYLSULFONYL FLUORIDE (PMSF); PHOSPHATE-BUFFERED SALINE (PBS); ROOM TEMPERATURE (RT); SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS (SDS-PAGE); TWEEN-20 (TW) ID RECOMBINANT COCCIDIAL ANTIGEN; PARTIAL PROTECTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LIFE-CYCLE; ACERVULINA; IMMUNITY; OOCYSTS; IMMUNIZATION; PROTEINS; CHICKEN AB Eimeria tenella sporozoites were exposed in the oocyst form to either an optimum (15 kRad) or a high (25 kRad) dose of gamma irradiation and used to infect cultured chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF). The sporozoite-infected CEF monolayer was pulsed at time of infection or 24 hr postinfection with [H-3]uracil and harvested 24 hr later to measure sporozoite metabolic activity. Sporozoites exposed to either 0 or 15 kRad gamma irradiation incorporated similar (P > 0.05) amounts of [H-3]uracil during the first and second 24-hr periods after infection. However, there was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in [H-3]uracil uptake by 25 kRad-exposed sporozoites compared to nonirradiated and 15 kRad-irradiated sporozoites. Indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) staining of E. tenella sporozoite-infected CEFs using monoclonal antibodies (MAb) specific for somatic or ''metabolic'' antigens showed that gamma irradiation also affected the release of intracellular metabolites. Regardless of irradiation dose, extracellular sporozoites exhibited similar intensity of immunofluorescence when stained with either somatic antigen- or metabolic antigen-reactive MAb. Also, somatic antigen expression was similar for intracellular parasites irrespective of radiation dose. However, metabolic 7- to 10-kDa antigen expression by 25 kRad-irradiated sporozoites was markedly reduced compared to nonirradiated or 15 kRad-irradiated intracellular sporozoites. These results were corroborated by immunostaining sporozoite/CEF protein impregnated Immobilon membrane with somatic or metabolic 7- to 10-kDa antigen-reactive MAb. These findings may indicate that the metabolic 7- to 10-kDa antigen is involved in protective immunity elicited by nonirradiated and/or 15 kRad-irradiated E. tenella sporozoites. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP JENKINS, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PARASITE IMMUNOBIOL LAB,BLDG 1040,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 80 IS 4 BP 645 EP 653 DI 10.1006/expr.1995.1080 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA RA728 UT WOS:A1995RA72800007 PM 7758545 ER PT J AU THOMAS, DB MANGAN, RL AF THOMAS, DB MANGAN, RL TI MORBIDITY OF THE PUPAL STAGE OF THE MEXICAN AND WEST-INDIAN FRUIT-FLIES (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) INDUCED BY HOT-WATER IMMERSION IN THE LARVAL STAGE SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE ANASTREPHA; MORBIDITY; PUPARIAL MALFORMATIONS; HEAT TREATMENTS; QUARANTINE; TEPHRITIDAE ID AIR QUARANTINE TREATMENT; FLY DIPTERA; MANGOES AB Heat treatments are used to disinfest fruit exported from regions where Anastrepha. fruit flies are indigenous. Larvae that survive the heat treatments typically form misshapen puparia. The assumption that all of these puparia will die before eclosion of the adult is shown to be incorrect. Two types of malformed puparia are typically induced by hot-water immersion. A larviform puparium is seldom viable with an eclosion rate of <1% in both the Mexican and West Indian fruit flies. However, a bottle-nosed puparium will produce an adult about 50% of the time. It should be assumed that if any larvae survive treatment to form puparia, some will give rise to adults. RP THOMAS, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 78 IS 2 BP 235 EP 246 DI 10.2307/3495895 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RF564 UT WOS:A1995RF56400002 ER PT J AU GREENBERG, CH THOMAS, MC AF GREENBERG, CH THOMAS, MC TI EFFECTS OF FOREST MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES ON TERRESTRIAL COLEOPTERAN ASSEMBLAGES IN SAND PINE SCRUB SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE BEETLE ASSEMBLAGE; CLEARCUTTING; WILDFIRE ID CARABID BEETLES; GROUND BEETLES; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; FRAGMENTS; FLORIDA AB Coleopteran assemblages were sampled monthly for one year using pitfall traps in replicated sites of three 5- to 7-year-old disturbance treatments and mature forested sand pine scrub in the Ocala National Forest, Marion County, Florida. Disturbance treatments were (1) burning at high-intensity and salvage-logging; (2) clearcutting, roller-chopping and broadcast seeding, and; (3) clearcutting and bracke-seeding. Community similarity of coleopterans was high. No differences in species richness, diversity, density, or evenness were detected. Of 40 species captured, only seven were common (n > 50). Predaceous beetles were numerically dominant followed by scavengers. Few xylophagous or herbivorous coleopterans were captured, probably due to trap bias. Peaks of annual above-ground terrestrial activity varied among species. An absence of differences among treatments may reflect similar plant communities or structural habitat features. Additionally, a dearth of mature forest specialists might be predicted in systems where mature forest was historically rare due to large-scale, high-intensity, and low-frequency wildfire. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT WILDLIFE & RANGE SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. FLORIDA DEPT AGR & CONSUMER SERV,DIV PLANT IND,FLORIDA STATE COLLECT ARTHROPODS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32614. RP GREENBERG, CH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,118 NEWINS ZEIGLER HALL,POB 14524,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 78 IS 2 BP 271 EP 285 DI 10.2307/3495900 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RF564 UT WOS:A1995RF56400007 ER PT J AU NARANG, SK DEGRUGILLIER, ME AF NARANG, SK DEGRUGILLIER, ME TI GENETIC FINGERPRINTING OF THE SCREWWORM (DIPTERA, CALLIPHORIDAE) INFESTATION IN NORTH-AFRICA BY MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA MARKERS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE SCREWWORM; COCHLIOMYIA HOMINIVORAX; PCR,; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA RFLP; GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION ID COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; SYSTEMATICS AB A screwworm sample, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), collected from Libya in 1990, during the final phase of the eradication program, was analyzed for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) RFLP patterns. The goal was to determine whether these fertile flies represented reintroduction from either a new source or contaminants in the shipments of sterile flies from the Mexican screwworm factory, (used for eradication of flies in Libya) or progeny of the original introduction in 1988. Samples of laboratory-strains originating from South America, Mexican factory, Costa Rica, and a 1989 collection from Libya were also analyzed. These patterns were compared with the previously published patterns of 30 laboratory strains originating from Mexico, Central America and Jamaica and earlier sample of flies from Libya. The restriction patterns (with EcoRV, Fnu4HI, HindIII, HpaI, MspI, ScrfI and SstI) of 1990-libyan screwworm were similar (mitochondrial similarity, F=0.97) to those of South American flies but different from those of Mexico (F=0.53), Jamaica and Central America (F=0.71). The HpaI and SspI digests of DNA amplified by primer flanking mitochondrial CO-I to CO-II region produced patterns which were similar in Libyan and South American flies but different from those of Mexican and Costa Rican samples. These data confirmed that the flies collected in Libya in 1990 did not originate from Mexico, Central America or Jamaica. Our data suggest some region(s) of South America could be the likely source of screwworm infestation in North Africa. However, it would be necessary to analyze several geographical samples from South America to confirm this tentative conclusion. RP NARANG, SK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,SU STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 78 IS 2 BP 294 EP 304 DI 10.2307/3495902 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RF564 UT WOS:A1995RF56400009 ER PT J AU JONES, SC NALEPA, CA MCMAHAN, EA TORRES, JA AF JONES, SC NALEPA, CA MCMAHAN, EA TORRES, JA TI SURVEY AND ECOLOGICAL-STUDIES OF THE TERMITES (ISOPTERA, KALOTERMITIDAE) OF MONA ISLAND SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE CASTE; COLONY SIZE; SUBTROPICAL DRY FOREST; WEST INDIES; WOOD DECOMPOSITION AB A survey of eight sites on Mona Island revealed four termite species in the family Kalotermitidae: Incisitermes nr. bequaerti (Snyder), I. nr. incisus (Silvestri), Neotermes mona (Banks), and Procryptotermes corniceps (Snyder). Incisitermes nr. bequaerti is a new record for the island. Identifiable wood hosts are reported. All species were found in dead wood, which is typical of drywood termites, but N. mona and P. corniceps were also collected from live wood. Examination of dead wood in three 9.3 m(2) plots in a dense stand of leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. revealed that an average of approximately three-quarters of the wood pieces were attacked by termites. Although the total volume of dead wood was almost six times greater in Plot 1 than in the other two plots, the number of termites per unit volume of dead wood was very similar (0.4 per cm(3)). Total numbers of individuals per colony ranged from 11 to 3,359 termites. Caste composition is reported for each colony, and large variations among colonies were noted. Alates as well as eggs were more common in larger colonies. Soldier percentages ranged from 0.7% to 20.5% in 16 P. corniceps colonies. The largest colonies occurred when the greatest volume of dead wood was available. C1 SO FOREST EXPT STN,GULFPORT,MS 39505. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. INT INST TROP FORESTRY,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. BAYAMON TECHNOL UNIV COLL,DEPT BIOL,BAYAMON,PR 00959. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 78 IS 2 BP 305 EP 313 DI 10.2307/3495903 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RF564 UT WOS:A1995RF56400010 ER PT J AU HENNESSEY, MK KNIGHT, RJ SCHNELL, RJ AF HENNESSEY, MK KNIGHT, RJ SCHNELL, RJ TI ANTIBIOSIS TO CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) IMMATURE STAGES IN CARAMBOLA GERMPLASM SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,CTR TROP RES & EDUC,HOMESTEAD,FL 33031. RP HENNESSEY, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 78 IS 2 BP 354 EP 357 DI 10.2307/3495908 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RF564 UT WOS:A1995RF56400015 ER PT J AU BUCHANAN, RL GOLDEN, MH AF BUCHANAN, RL GOLDEN, MH TI MODEL FOR THE NONTHERMAL INACTIVATION OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES IN A REDUCED OXYGEN ENVIRONMENT SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-NITRITE; PH; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; SURVIVAL; ATMOSPHERE; CHLORIDE; ACID AB The effect and interactions of temperature (4-42 degrees C), lactic acid concentration (0-2%) (pH 3.3-7.3), sodium chloride content (0.5-19.0%), and sodium nitrite concentration (0-200 mu g ml(-1)) on the survival of a three strain mixture of Listeria monocytogenes in an oxygen-limited environment was studied using sealed, nitrogen-flushed flasks containing brain heart infusion broth. A total of 206 inactivation curves were generated, representing 157 different combinations of the four variables. The inactivation curves were fitted to both a linear and a non-linear primary model which were used to calculate the time to achieve a 4-D (99.99%) inactivation (t(4D)). Natural logarithmic transformed t(4D) values were subsequently used to generate secondary models of the four independent variables using response surface analysis. Qualitatively, t(4D) was inversely related to lactic acid concentration, temperature, and sodium chloride concentration, with the effect of sodium nitrite being pH dependent. Quantitatively, the impact of the four variables was similar to that observed previously for aerobic conditions (Buchanan et al: 1994). While sodium nitrite clearly accelerated the inactivation of L. monocytogenes in an acidic environment, comparison of the anaerobic model with an earlier aerobic model indicated that restricting oxygen levels did not enhance the activity of the curing agent. Once validated the models should provide a rapid means for estimating the survival of L. monocytogenes in acidified foods. C1 USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,AGR RES SERV,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 12 IS 3 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.1016/S0740-0020(95)80099-9 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA RG642 UT WOS:A1995RG64200003 ER PT J AU LUNDQUIST, JE AF LUNDQUIST, JE TI PEST INTERACTIONS AND CANOPY GAPS IN PONDEROSA PINE STANDS IN THE BLACK-HILLS, SOUTH-DAKOTA, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CANOPY GAPS; DISTURBANCE; DISTURBANCE INTERACTIONS; PEST COMPLEXES AB Gap frequency and size, cause (predisposing factors, killing agents, and tree response), and coarse woody debris composition (snags and downed logs) were assessed in three stands differing in management history. Disturbance agents were usually coupled concurrently and sequentially. A qualitative model (relational diagram) developed to display these interactions and the activity distributed among different disturbance pathways suggests that management activity (1) diminishes pest-caused structural diversity in the forest ecosystem, (2) decreases functional diversity associated with interacting diseases, insects and other disturbance agents, and (3) alters the abundance and decomposition distribution of dead wood. RP LUNDQUIST, JE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT RD,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 74 IS 1-3 BP 37 EP 48 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(94)03514-W PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RF187 UT WOS:A1995RF18700004 ER PT J AU LUNDQUIST, JE AF LUNDQUIST, JE TI DISTURBANCE PROFILE - A MEASURE OF SMALL-SCALE DISTURBANCE PATTERNS IN PONDEROSA PINE STANDS SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE DISTURBANCE; CANOPY GAPS; MULTIPEST; DISTURBANCE INTERACTIONS ID SPATIAL PATTERN; LANDSCAPE AB Disturbance profiles in single unharvested, selectively harvested, and thinned stands of Pinus ponderosa in the Black Hills of South Dakota were compared using spatial statistics. The unmanaged stand was more dominated by closed canopy, expressed less variation in canopy density and no differences in complexity of canopy gap shapes, and uneven spread of disturbance symptoms. The biological meaning of many indices remains undefined for small scale disturbance phenomena, but their disturbance profiles could eventually be used to assess current and desired forest conditions and suggest actions to meet specific management objectives. RP LUNDQUIST, JE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT RD,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 74 IS 1-3 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(94)03515-X PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RF187 UT WOS:A1995RF18700005 ER PT J AU LUNDQUIST, JE AF LUNDQUIST, JE TI CHARACTERIZING DISTURBANCE IN MANAGED PONDEROSA PINE STANDS IN THE BLACK-HILLS SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE GEOSTATISTICS; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; DISTURBANCE PROFILE; GAP DYNAMICS ID PATTERN; ECOSYSTEMS; LANDSCAPES; PATHOGENS; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY AB Spatial indices were used to characterize 12 stands representing the range of management activities found in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Canopy gaps within each stand were assessed for cause and for states of snag and log decomposition. Causes of gaps were characterized as pathways involving predisposing factors, killing agents, and tree responses. Management intensity was inversely correlated to number of pathways. Diversity of disturbance pathways within stands was positively correlated with several indices of canopy variability based on crown density. Cluster analysis using these indices grouped the 12 stands into six clusters based on disturbance profiles. Although the biological meaning of these clusters requires further research, this technique offers a way to summarize and compare disturbance complexes within stands. RP LUNDQUIST, JE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT RD,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 74 IS 1-3 BP 61 EP 74 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(94)03516-Y PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RF187 UT WOS:A1995RF18700006 ER PT J AU MAASS, JM VOSE, JM SWANK, WT MARTINEZYRIZAR, A AF MAASS, JM VOSE, JM SWANK, WT MARTINEZYRIZAR, A TI SEASONAL-CHANGES OF LEAF-AREA INDEX (LAI) IN A TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FOREST IN WEST MEXICO SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CANOPY LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE; LIGHT EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT; LITTERFALL; SEASONAL TROPICAL FOREST; TROPICAL DRY FOREST ID DRY FOREST; PUERTO-RICO; RADIOMETER; BIOMASS AB Light canopy transmittance and the Beer-Lambert equation were utilized to assess monthly leaf area index (LAI) of a tropical deciduous forest ecosystem on the west coast of Mexico. The light transmittance coefficient (k) was obtained by analyzing vertical leaf and light distribution in the forest canopy. An independent LAI estimate was obtained using litterfall data. The calculated k value was 0.610 +/- 0.035 (standard error). Average maximum LAI obtained with litterfall data was 4.2 +/- 0.4 m(2) m(-2). There was a significant correlation (P < 0.001, r = 0.98) between litter-LAI estimations and those obtained with the Beer-Lambert equation. The regression explained 95% of the variation; however, light-LAI overestimated litter-LAI by a constant of 0.87 +/- 0.12 m(2) m(-2) (the slope was 1.03 and Y intercept was 0.87). The discrepancy is partially attributed to leaf retention of the few evergreen species, and perhaps leaf retention of a few deciduous species beyond the end of the litterfall collection. Maximum annual LAI was similar in both study years (4.5 +/- 0.3 m(2) m(-2) in 1990 and 4.9 +/- 0.4 in 1998). Minimum LAI showed considerable variation between years with similar values in the dry seasons of 1990 and 1991 (1.0 +/- 0.1 m(2) and 0.9 +/- 0.1 m(2) m(-2), respectively), but much higher values in 1992 (2.7 +/- 0.2 m(2) m(-2)). The difference is probably attributed to an atypical rainfall event in January 1992 (644 mm), which retarded leaf abscission. C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,OTTO,NC 28763. UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO,CTR ECOL,HERMOSILLO,SONORA 83000,MEXICO. RP MAASS, JM (reprint author), NATL AUTONOMOUS UNIV MEXICO,CTR ECOL,APDO POSTAL 70-275,MEXICO CITY 04510,DF,MEXICO. NR 26 TC 72 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 74 IS 1-3 BP 171 EP 180 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(94)03485-F PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RF187 UT WOS:A1995RF18700016 ER PT J AU LIN, WJ KLINE, DE ARAMAN, PA WIEDENBECK, JK AF LIN, WJ KLINE, DE ARAMAN, PA WIEDENBECK, JK TI PRODUCING HARDWOOD DIMENSION PARTS DIRECTLY FROM LOGS - AN ECONOMIC-FEASIBILITY STUDY SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The economic feasibility and profitability of a direct processing system for converting Factory Grades 2 and 3 red oak logs directly into rough dimension parts were evaluated. Net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) were used as the measurement of economic feasibility, and return on sales (ROS) was used as the measurement of profitability. NPV and IRR were estimated based on the predicted after-tax cash flow for a 10-year period. The results of this study indicate that converting Grade 2 and Grade 3 red oak logs directly into rough dimension parts is economically feasible. Under the given assumptions, an initial capital expenditure of $5.25 million to build a direct processing mill to process Grade 2 red oak logs can generate a $4.43 million NPV with an IRR of 27.5 percent. An initial investment of $4.42 million to build a direct processing mill to process Grade 3 red oak logs can generate a $3.93 million NPV with an IRR of 28.2 percent. It was found that the direct processing system is much more profitable than current sawmills and dimension mills. The predicted ROS values of the direct processing mills are 7 to 12 percent higher than the average upper quartile ROS values achieved by the hardwood sawmill industry and by the hardwood dimension and flooring industry from 1983 to 1992. A sensitivity analysis indicates that dimension part price, green cutting yield, and drying degrade and remanufacturing loss are the three most important factors affecting the economic feasibility and profitability of the direct processing systems. If the drying degrade and remanufacturing loss is too high, the proposed direct processing system may not be able to achieve its high profit potential. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT WOOD SCI & FOREST PROD,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,PRINCETON,WV 24740. US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP LIN, WJ (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,CTR FOREST PROD DEV,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 45 IS 6 BP 38 EP 46 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA RD307 UT WOS:A1995RD30700006 ER PT J AU BROTMAN, M GIANNELLA, RA ALM, PF BAUMAN, H BENNETT, AR BLACK, RE BRUHN, CM COHEN, MB GORBACH, SL KAPER, JB ROBERTS, MR STANECK, JL TAYLOR, S TROUTT, HF BELL, BP BUCHANAN, RL DURHAM, K FENG, P FORMAN, CT GALLER, RG GRAVANI, RB HALL, RB HANCOCK, DD HOLLINGSWORTH, J KARMALI, MA KEUSCH, GT MARSDEN, JL OSTERHOLM, MT REAGAN, JO ROBERTS, T SIEGLER, RL SWERDLOW, DL TARR, PI COWMAN, GL GOODFELLOW, SJ GRIFFIN, PM HALL, M HAMILTON, F HARRINGTON, RE KARR, KJ LANG, DR MADDEN, JM NORCROSS, MA SAVAGE, K SHANK, F TAYLOR, DN AF BROTMAN, M GIANNELLA, RA ALM, PF BAUMAN, H BENNETT, AR BLACK, RE BRUHN, CM COHEN, MB GORBACH, SL KAPER, JB ROBERTS, MR STANECK, JL TAYLOR, S TROUTT, HF BELL, BP BUCHANAN, RL DURHAM, K FENG, P FORMAN, CT GALLER, RG GRAVANI, RB HALL, RB HANCOCK, DD HOLLINGSWORTH, J KARMALI, MA KEUSCH, GT MARSDEN, JL OSTERHOLM, MT REAGAN, JO ROBERTS, T SIEGLER, RL SWERDLOW, DL TARR, PI COWMAN, GL GOODFELLOW, SJ GRIFFIN, PM HALL, M HAMILTON, F HARRINGTON, RE KARR, KJ LANG, DR MADDEN, JM NORCROSS, MA SAVAGE, K SHANK, F TAYLOR, DN TI CONSENSUS CONFERENCE STATEMENT - ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 INFECTIONS - AN EMERGING NATIONAL-HEALTH CRISIS, JULY 11-13, 1994 SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; 0157-H7; TOXIN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATHOGEN; DIARRHEA; CULTURES AB This statement was prepared by a nonadvocate panel of experts based an (1) presentations by investigators working in areas relevant to the consensus questions during a 2-day public session, (2) questions and statements from conference attendees during open discussion periods that are part of the public session, and (3) closed deliberations by the panel during the remainder of the second dat and the morning of the third. This statement is an independent report of the panel and is not a policy statement of the American Gastroenterological Association, the American Gastroenterological Association Foundation (now known as the American Digestive Health Foundation) or the cosponsors listed at the end at this statement. C1 CALIF PACIFIC MED CTR,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CINCINNATI,COLL MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV DIGEST DIS,CINCINNATI,OH 45267. ALM CONSULTING SERV,SAN ANTONIO,TX. FOX BENNETT & TURNER,WASHINGTON,DC. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CTR CONSUMER RES,DAVIS,CA. CHILDRENS HOSP,MED CTR,DIV PEDIAT GASTROENTEROL & NUTR,CINCINNATI,OH 45229. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,CTR VACCINE DEV,DEPT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. FLORIDA DEPT AGR & CONSUMER SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. UNIV CINCINNATI HOSP,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,CINCINNATI,OH. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT VET CLIN MED,URBANA,IL 61801. WASHINGTON DEPT HLTH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SEATTLE,WA. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,OFF CONSTITUENT OPERAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV MICROBIOL STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. FOREMAN & HEIDEPRIEM INC,WASHINGTON,DC. LOIS JOY GALLER FDN HEMOLYT UREM SYNDROME INC,VALLEY STREAM,NY. CORNELL UNIV,INST FOOD SCI,DEPT FOOD SCI,DIV FOOD SAFETY EXTENS,ITHACA,NY 14853. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV VIRULENCE ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. DEPT VET CLIN SCI,FIELD DIS INVEST UNIT,PULLMAN,WA. USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. HOSP SICK CHILDREN,DEPT MICROBIOL,TORONTO,ON M5G 1X8,CANADA. TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV GEOG MED & INFECT DIS,BOSTON,MA 02111. AMI FDN,AMER MEAT INST,ARLINGTON,VA. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,ACUTE DIS & EPIDEMIOL SECT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. NATL LIVE STEOCK & MEAT BOARD,DEPT RES MEAT SCI,DIV PROD TECHNOL,CHICAGO,IL. USDA,DIV ECON RES SERV,FOOD SAFETY & REGULAT SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV UTAH,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV NEPHROL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV WASHINGTON,CHILDRENS HOSP & MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV GASTROENTEROL,SEATTLE,WA. UNIV CINCINNATI,COLL MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV DIGEST DIS,CINCINNATI,OH 45267. CALIF PACIFIC MED CTR,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NATL CATTLEMENS ASSOC,ENGLEWOOD,CO. ABC RES CORP,DEPT MICROBIOL,GAINESVILLE,FL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. AMER GASTROENTEROL ASSOC FDN,BETHESDA,MD. NIDDKD,DIV DIGEST DIS & NUTR,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NATL RESTAURANT ASSOC,TECH SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. NIAID,DIV MICROBIOL & INFECT DIS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. FOOD MKT INST,WASHINGTON,DC. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT BACTERIAL DIS,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS & IMMUNOL,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 55 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 6 BP 1923 EP 1934 PG 12 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA RA378 UT WOS:A1995RA37800040 ER PT J AU BHAT, KV JARRET, RL AF BHAT, KV JARRET, RL TI RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA AND GENETIC DIVERSITY IN INDIAN MUSA GERMPLASM SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; BANANA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CULTIVAR IDENTIFICATION ID CLONAL IDENTIFICATION; LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; ISOZYME POLYMORPHISM; CULTIVATED BANANA; SPACER-LENGTH; RAPD MARKERS; PLANTAINS; SEQUENCE; WILD AB Fifty-seven accessions of Musa including cultivated clones of 6 genomic groups (AA, AB, AAA, AAB, ABB, ABBB), M. balbisiana Colla (BB), M. acuminata Colla ssp. banksii F. Muell. (AA), M. acuminata Colla ssp. malaccensis Ridl. (AA) and M. velutina Wendl. & Drude were examined for random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) genetic markers using PCR with sixty 10-mer random primers. Forty-nine of 60 tested primers gave reproducible DNA amplification patterns. The number of bands resolved per amplification was primer dependent and varied from 1 to a maximum of 24. The size range of the amplification products also differed with the selected primer sequence/genotype and ranged from 0.29 to 3.0 kb. RAPD data were used to generate Jaccard's similarity coefficients which were analyzed phenetically. Phenetic analysis separated clones into distinct groupings that were in agreement with clusterings revealed when data were subsequently analyzed by principal coordinate analysis (PCO). In both the phenetic and the PCO analyses, previously unclassified cultivars grouped with cultivars previously classified for their genomic group based on morphological keys. The implications of RAPD analysis for Musa germplasm classification, clonal identification, and management are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. RP BHAT, KV (reprint author), NBPGR,PUSA CAMPUS,NEW DELHI,INDIA. NR 40 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 42 IS 2 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1007/BF02539514 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA RY069 UT WOS:A1995RY06900003 ER PT J AU LI, LH WANG, RRC DONG, YS AF LI, LH WANG, RRC DONG, YS TI ISOZYME ANALYSIS OF 3 SPECIES OF ROEGNERIA KOCH,C. FROM CHINA SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE ROEGNERIA C KOCH; ISOZYME ANALYSIS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS ID TRITICEAE AB To collect and exploit Roegneria genetic resources, isozyme variation on 7 different enzymes encoded by 26 presumptive loci were analyzed in leaf extracts of R. kamoji, R, ciliaris, R. nakaii and Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (control species) using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No isozyme polymorphism was detected within accession of the three Roegneria species, all having self-pollinating reproduction. However, extensive variations at isozyme loci were observed among accessions of R. kamoji - even among accessions distributed at different altitudes within the same collection area. These results suggested that: (1) a select few individuals collected at a collection site may be enough to represent the genetic variability of that population; and (2) collection and maintenance of R. kamoji materials from different altitudes may be required to increase genetic diversity. Furthermore, the banded phenotypes at EST-1 and EST-2 loci may be used as a biochemical marker associated with a morphological character, pubescences covered at leaf margin in R. kamoji. The banded characters at EST-1, SOD-1, SOD-2, and SOD-3a loci may be used as biochemical markers to identify the R. kamoji chromosomes carrying these loci in a T. aestivum x R, kamoji hybridization program. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP LI, LH (reprint author), CHINESE ACAD AGR SCI,INST CROP GERMPLASM RESOURCES,BEIJING 100081,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 42 IS 2 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1007/BF02539515 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA RY069 UT WOS:A1995RY06900004 ER PT J AU FARMAN, ML LEONG, SA AF FARMAN, ML LEONG, SA TI GENETIC AND PHYSICAL MAPPING OF TELOMERES IN THE RICE BLAST FUNGUS, MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; DNA; LENGTH; TRANSFORMATION; FAMILY; YEAST; REARRANGEMENTS; VIRULENCE; PATHOGEN AB Telomeric restriction fragments were genetically mapped to a previously described linkage map of Magnaporthe grisea, using RFLPs identified by a synthetic probe, (TTAGGG)(3). Frequent rearrangement of telomeric sequences was observed in progeny isolates creating a potential for misinterpretation of data. Therefore a consensus segregation data set was used to minimize mapping errors. Twelve of the 14 telomeres were found to be genetically linked to existing RFLP markers. Second-dimensional electrophoresis of restricted chromosomes confirmed these linkage assignments and revealed the chromosomal location of the two unlinked telomeres. We were thus able to assign all 14 M. grisea telomeres to their respective chromosome ends. The Achilles' cleavage (AC) technique was employed to determine that chromosome 1 markers II and CH5-120H were similar to 1.8 Mb and 1.28 Mb, respectively, from their nearest telomeres. RecA-AC was also used to determine that unlinked telomere 6 was similar to 530 kb from marker CH5-176H in strain 2539 and 580 kb in Guy11. These experiments indicated that large portions of some chromosome ends are unrepresented by genetic markers and provided estimates of the relationship of genetic to physical distance in these regions of the genome. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,PLANT DIS RESISTANCE RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. RI Leong, Sally /I-8550-2012 NR 41 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 5 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUN PY 1995 VL 140 IS 2 BP 479 EP 492 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA RA366 UT WOS:A1995RA36600007 PM 7498730 ER PT J AU CRAWFORD, AM DODDS, KG EDE, AJ PIERSON, CA MONTGOMERY, GW GARMONSWAY, HG BEATTIE, AE DAVIES, K MADDOX, JF KAPPES, SW STONE, RT NGUYEN, TC PENTY, JM LORD, EA BROOM, JE BUITKAMP, J SCHWAIGER, W EPPLEN, JT MATTHEW, P MATTHEWS, ME HULME, DJ BEH, KJ MCGRAW, RA BEATTIE, CW AF CRAWFORD, AM DODDS, KG EDE, AJ PIERSON, CA MONTGOMERY, GW GARMONSWAY, HG BEATTIE, AE DAVIES, K MADDOX, JF KAPPES, SW STONE, RT NGUYEN, TC PENTY, JM LORD, EA BROOM, JE BUITKAMP, J SCHWAIGER, W EPPLEN, JT MATTHEW, P MATTHEWS, ME HULME, DJ BEH, KJ MCGRAW, RA BEATTIE, CW TI AN AUTOSOMAL GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP OF THE SHEEP GENOME SO GENETICS LA English DT Review ID DINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT POLYMORPHISM; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; BOVINE MICROSATELLITE; INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM; LOCUS; SEQUENCES; AMPLIFICATION; CONSERVATION; ELEMENTS; MARKERS AB We report the first extensive ovine genetic linkage map covering 2070 cM of the sheep genome. The map was generated from the linkage analysis of 246 polymorphic markers, in nine three-generation full-sib pedigrees, which make up the AgResearch International Mapping Flock. We have exploited many markers from cattle so that valuable comparisons between these two ruminant linkage maps can be made. The markers, used in the segregation analyses, comprised 86 anonymous microsatellite markers derived from the sheep genome, 126 anonymous microsatellites from cattle, one from deer, and 33 polymorphic markers of various types associated with known genes. The maximum number of informative meioses within the mapping flock was 222. The average number of informative meioses per marker was 140 (range 18-209). Linkage groups have been assigned to all 26 sheep autosomes. C1 UNIV OTAGO,CTR GENE RES,DUNEDIN,NEW ZEALAND. AGRES INVERMAY AGR CTR,MOSGIEL,NEW ZEALAND. UNIV MELBOURNE,CTR ANIM BIOTECHNOL,MELBOURNE,VIC,AUSTRALIA. USDA,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. INRA,GRP SANGUINS LAB,JOUY EN JOSAS,FRANCE. RUHR UNIV BOCHUM,W-4630 BOCHUM,GERMANY. VICTORIAN INST ANIM SCI,MELBOURNE,VIC,AUSTRALIA. CSIRO,MCMASTER LAB,GLEBE,NSW,AUSTRALIA. UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP CRAWFORD, AM (reprint author), UNIV OTAGO,DEPT BIOCHEM,AGRES MOLEC BIOL UNIT,DUNEDIN,NEW ZEALAND. RI Sutherland, Judith/C-3147-2008; Montgomery, Grant/B-7148-2008; OI Montgomery, Grant/0000-0002-4140-8139; Dodds, Ken/0000-0002-9347-6379; Epplen, Joerg T./0000-0002-6087-3327 NR 101 TC 301 Z9 322 U1 1 U2 7 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUN PY 1995 VL 140 IS 2 BP 703 EP 724 PG 22 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA RA366 UT WOS:A1995RA36600025 PM 7498748 ER PT J AU DELANEY, DE FRIEBE, BR HATCHETT, JH GILL, BS HULBERT, SH AF DELANEY, DE FRIEBE, BR HATCHETT, JH GILL, BS HULBERT, SH TI TARGETED MAPPING OF RYE CHROMATIN IN WHEAT BY REPRESENTATIONAL DIFFERENCE ANALYSIS SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE SECALE CEREALE L; HESSIAN FLY RESISTANCE; RDA; RFLP; HIGH DENSITY MAPPING ID HESSIAN FLY-RESISTANCE; INTERCALARY CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATIONS; PHYSICAL MAP; GENOME; CECIDOMYIIDAE; NOMENCLATURE; INHERITANCE; LOCATION; DIPTERA; CLONING AB A targeted mapping strategy using representational difference analysis (RDA) was employed to isolate new restriction fragment length polymorphism probes for the long arm of chromosome 6 in rye (6RL), which carries a gene for resistance to Hessian fly larvae. Fragments from the 6RL arm were specifically isolated using a 'Chinese Spring' (CS) wheat - rye ditelosomic addition line (CSDT6RL) as tester, and CS and (or) CS4R as the driver for the genomic subtraction. Three RDA experiments were performed using BamHI amplicons, two of which were successful in producing low-copy clones. All low-copy clones were confirmed to have originated from 6RL, indicating substantial enrichment for target sequences. Two mapping populations, both of which are derived from a cross between two similar wheat-rye translocation lines, were used to map five RDA probes as well as five wheat probes. One of the populations was prescreened for recombinants by C-banding analysis. Fifteen loci, including seven new RDA markers, were placed on a map oi the distal half of 6RL. The Hessian fly resistance gene was localized by mapping and C-banding analysis to approximately the terminal 1% of the arm. The utility of RDA as a method of targeted mapping in cereals and prospects for map-based cloning of the resistance gene are discussed. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP DELANEY, DE (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,THROCKMORTON HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD JUN PY 1995 VL 38 IS 3 BP 458 EP 466 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA RR337 UT WOS:A1995RR33700006 PM 18470182 ER PT J AU XU, SJ JOPPA, LR AF XU, SJ JOPPA, LR TI MECHANISMS AND INHERITANCE OF FIRST DIVISION RESTITUTION IN HYBRIDS OF WHEAT, RYE, AND AEGILOPS-SQUARROSA SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE DURUM WHEAT; RYE; AEGILOPS SQUARROSA; FIRST DIVISION RESTITUTION; TRIPOLAR SPINDLE ID TETRAPLOID EMMER WHEATS AB First division restitution (FDR) in intergeneric Triticeae hybrids provides an important meiotic mechanism for the production of amphidiploids without the use of colchicine and similar chemicals. The genetic controls of FDR were investigated by examining microsporogenesis and fertility in F-1 hybrids of two- and three-way crosses of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L val. durum) cultivars Langdon (LDN) and Golden Ball (GB),'Gazelle' rye (Secale cereale L.), and one accession (RL5286) of Aegilops squarrosa L. The results from two-way crosses indicated that the first meiotic division varied, depending on the hybrid. GB crossed with Ae. squarrosa developed tripolar spindles and prevented congregation of chromosomes at the equatorial plate. The hybrid of GB with rye had a delayed first division. But, the hybrids of LDN with both Ae. squarrosa and rye had a high frequency of FDR. Analysis from the three-way crosses indicated that inheritance in rye crosses differed from those with Ae. squarrosa. FDR segregated in a 1:1 ratio in the rye cross, suggesting that the FDR is controlled by a single gene from LDN. However, FDR fit a 1:3 ratio in the three-way crosses with Ae. squarrosa. Cytological data suggested thar tripolar spindles are a major factor preventing FDR in Ae. squarrosa crosses. Some progenies from the three-way cross with rye had a high frequency of monads that resulted from second division failure of FDR cells. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & WEED SCI,USDA ARS,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 18 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD JUN PY 1995 VL 38 IS 3 BP 607 EP 615 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA RR337 UT WOS:A1995RR33700023 PM 18470193 ER PT J AU SHARPLEY, AN ROBINSON, JS SMITH, SJ AF SHARPLEY, AN ROBINSON, JS SMITH, SJ TI BIOAVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS DYNAMICS IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS AND EFFECTS ON WATER-QUALITY SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article ID IMPREGNATED FILTER-PAPER; AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF; LOSSES; TRIBUTARIES; EXTRACTION; SORPTION; SEDIMENT; NITROGEN; ALUMINUM AB The transport of bioavailable phosphorus (BAP, i.e., algal available) in agricultural runoff can accelerate freshwater eutrophication. As procedural and theoretical limitations have restricted BAP estimation in agricultural soils and runoff, a routine method was developed using iron oxide-impregnated paper strips (Fe-oxide strips) as a sink for BAP. Fe-oxide strips were used to investigate the amounts and seasonal dynamics of BAP in 12 Oklahoma soils over 2 years and the effect of agricultural management on BAP loss in runoff from these 12 and 8 additional sites over 4 years. The sites involved native grass, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.], and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The strip P content of unfertilized soils was higher in winter (October-March; 10-19 mg kg-1) than spring months (May-June; 3-6 mg kg-1). For the P-fertilized soils, the strip P content increased from 8-17 mg kg-1 prior to P application (20-25 kg ha-1 yr-1) to 33-42 mg kg-1 immediately following application. Seasonal dynamics of strip and organic (OP) and inorganic P (IP) fractions indicated mineralization of moderately labile OP, as a function of phosphatase enzyme activity, and release of moderately labile IP and fertilizer P, as a function of P sorption capacity; these are the major processes controlling the strip P content of unfertilized and fertilized soil, respectively. Dissolved organic P did not reduce the efficiency of IP sorption by the Fe-oxide strips and removal of P from the strips by NaOH rather than H2SO4 minimized hydrolysis of OP sorbed on the strip. The loss of BAP in runoff was a function of watershed management. Over the 4-yr study, BAP losses increased in the order reduced till (98 g ha-1 yr-1), native grass (160 g ha-1 yr-1), no till (382 g ha-1 yr-1), and conventional till (678 g ha-1 yr-1). Although the total P loss was 93% lower from no till than conventional till, 73% was bioavailable for no till compared to only 28% for conventional till. Clearly, strip P is a dynamic soil property, which, along with watershed management, can influence the bioavailability of P loss in runoff. Thus, the BAP content of runoff in conjunction with runoff and erosion potential may provide a more reliable index of the trophic response of receiving water bodies than dissolved or total P. RP SHARPLEY, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER,QUALITY LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 43 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUN PY 1995 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/0016-7061(94)00027-8 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RF165 UT WOS:A1995RF16500002 ER PT J AU MONSERUD, RA DENISSENKO, OV KOLCHUGINA, TP TCHEBAKOVA, NM AF MONSERUD, RA DENISSENKO, OV KOLCHUGINA, TP TCHEBAKOVA, NM TI CHANGE IN PHYTOMASS AND NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY FOR SIBERIA FROM THE MIDHOLOCENE TO THE PRESENT SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL CARBON STORAGE; CLIMATE CHANGE AB Phytomass (live plant mass) and net primary productivity are major components of the terrestrial carbon balance. A major location for phytomass storage is the subcontinent of Siberia, which is dominated by extensive reaches of taiga (boreal forest). The responsiveness of the phytomass component of the carbon pool is examined by comparing vegetation in the mid-Holocene (4600-6000 years before present) to modern potential vegetation. The mid-Holocene was warmer and moister in middle and northern Siberia than today, producing conditions ideal for boreal forest growth. As a result, both northern and middle taiga were dominated by shade-tolerant dark-needled species that thrive in moist climates. Today, shade-tolerant dark-needled taiga is restricted to western Siberia and the highlands of central Siberia, with its central and eastern components in the mid-Holocene replaced today by light-demanding light-needled species with lower productivity and phytomass. Total phytomass in Siberia in the mid-Holocene was 105.0 +/- 3.1 Pg, compared to 85.9 +/- 3.2 Pg in modern times, a loss of 19.1 +/- 3.1 Pg of phytomass. The reduction in dark-needled northern and middle taiga classes results in a loss of 28.8 Pg, while the expansion of the corresponding light-needled taiga results in a gain of 13.5 Pg, a net loss of 15.3 Pg. The loss is actually greater, because the modern figures are for potential vegetation and not adjusted for agriculture and other anthropogenic disturbances. Given long periods for vegetation to approach equilibrium with climate, the phytomass component of the carbon pool is responsive to climate change. Changes in net primary productivity (NPP) for Siberia between the mid-Holocene and the present were not as large as changes in phytomass. A minor decrease in NPP (0.6 Pg yr(-1), 10%) has occurred under our cooler modern climate, primarily due to the shift from dark-needled taiga in the mid-Holocene to light-needled taiga today. C1 MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOG,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST FOREST,SIBERIAN BRANCH,KRASNOYARSK,RUSSIA. RP MONSERUD, RA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,1221 S MAIN ST,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 73 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JUN PY 1995 VL 9 IS 2 BP 213 EP 226 DI 10.1029/95GB00596 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TE974 UT WOS:A1995TE97400004 ER PT J AU MASSMAN, WJ GRANTZ, DA AF MASSMAN, WJ GRANTZ, DA TI ESTIMATING CANOPY CONDUCTANCE TO OZONE UPTAKE FROM OBSERVATIONS OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AT THE CANOPY SCALE AND AT THE LEAF SCALE SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CANOPY CONDUCTANCE; LEAF-TO-CANOPY SCALING; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; OZONE DEPOSITION ID 2ND-ORDER CLOSURE-MODEL; SENSIBLE HEAT-FLUX; PLANT CANOPIES; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; EDDY-CORRELATION; ENERGY-BALANCE; DRY DEPOSITION; WATER-VAPOR; SURFACE; VEGETATION AB Stomatal uptake by vegetation is often the major sink for the destruction of tropospheric ozone. Using data obtained during the summer of 1991 at a grape vineyard and a cotton field in the San Joaquin Valley of California, we compare canopy (stomatal) conductances to ozone estimated (1) from eddy covariance ozone nux data (2) from eddy covariance evapotranspiration data and (3) by scaling leaf transpirational conductance to the canopy level using a canopy radiative transfer model. These simultaneous data, obtained at two levels of biological organization and for two trace gases, allow us to contrast the pathways for canopy-atmosphere exchange of water vapour and ozone, to evaluate limitations to scaling from leaf to canopy, and to predict ozone uptake parameters from those governing transpiration. At the vineyard site the eddy covariance ozone results underestimate the ET-based (eddy covariance and leaf scaling) approaches between 25% and 36%. At the cotton site the ozone-based results overestimate the ET-based approaches between 9% and 62%. A number of modelling and measurement uncertainties are of appropriate magnitude to reconcile these estimates. Some of the possible causes for these discrepancies that are discussed include NO effects, mesophyll resistances to ozone uptake and flaws in the K-theory (first-order closure) approach on which the canopy-scale analysis is based. Nevertheless, both canopy and single leaf measurements of conductance for water vapour provide acceptable estimates of conductance for ozone, but further experiments in which all are measured simultaneously are suggested. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,KEARNEY AGR CTR,PARLIER,CA 93648. RP MASSMAN, WJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 76 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOB CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 1 IS 3 BP 183 EP 198 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.1995.tb00020.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TF590 UT WOS:A1995TF59000004 ER PT J AU GRIESBACH, RJ BERBERICH, SM AF GRIESBACH, RJ BERBERICH, SM TI THE EARLY HISTORY OF RESEARCH ON ORNAMENTAL PLANTS AT THE US-DEPARTMENT-OF-AGRICULTURE FROM 1862 TO 1940 SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NATL VISITORS CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP GRIESBACH, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US NATL ARBORETUM,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,FLORAL & NURSERY PLANT RES UNIT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 3 BP 421 EP 425 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RD812 UT WOS:A1995RD81200002 ER PT J AU WOOD, BW PAYNE, JA SMITH, MT AF WOOD, BW PAYNE, JA SMITH, MT TI SUPPRESSING PECAN APHID POPULATIONS USING POTASSIUM-NITRATE PLUS SURFACTANT SPRAYS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARYA ILLINOINENSIS; ALTERNATE BEARING; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; IPM; PLANT NUTRITION; SOAPS; MONELLIA CARYELLA; MONELLIOPSIS PECANIS ID HOMOPTERA; FOLIAGE AB A 4-year field study on pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] provided indirect support of the supposition held by some U.S. pecan growers that air-blast foliar sprays of potassium nitrate (KNO3) plus surfactant enhances nut yield. While these treatments did not measurably influence yield components, foliar K nutrition, or net photosynthesis, they did suppress ''yellow-type'' aphid populations. While air-blast sprays of water alone suppressed aphid populations, the inclusion of KNO3 plus surfactant provided an additional level of suppression. C1 USDA ARS,JAMIE WHITTEN DELTA STATES RES CTR,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP WOOD, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,111 DUNBAR RD,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 3 BP 513 EP 516 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RD812 UT WOS:A1995RD81200022 ER PT J AU GLENN, DM MILLER, SS AF GLENN, DM MILLER, SS TI GROWTH, YIELD, AND WATER-USE RESPONSES OF PEACH TO REPEATED ROOT PRUNING IN A SUBHUMID CLIMATE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PRUNUS PERSICA; FRUIT SIZE; IRRIGATION; ROOT LENGTH DENSITY; LEAF NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION; VEGETATIVE GROWTH ID PERSICA-L-BATSCH; SHOOT INTERACTIONS; TREE DENSITY; RESTRICTION; IRRIGATION; APPLE; SIZE AB The objectives of this 7-year study were to determine the effect of repeated root pruning and irrigation on peach (Prunus persica L, Batsch) tree growth and soil water use. Root pruning began in the year of planting, Peach trees trained to a freestanding ''Y'' were root-pruned at flowering for 4 years (1985 to 1988) and subsequently at flowering and monthly through July for 3 years (1989 to 1991). Irrigation was withheld, or applied the full season or only during stage 3 of fruit growth on root-pruned and non-root-pruned trees. Root pruning limited soil water availability throughout most of the growing season when irrigation was withheld; however, when irrigation was applied, there was no difference in soil water availability, The root length density of peach roots was greatest in the 0 to 30-cm depth, was promoted by irrigation, and was reduced by root pruning in the 0 to 90-cm root zone. Full-season irrigation increased vegetative growth over the nonirrigated treatments. Root pruning had no effect on vegetative growth measured as fresh pruned material. The treatments had no effect on leaf nutrient content, except that root pruning reduced Zn in five consecutive years. Fruit yield was reduced 1 in 5 years by root pruning, and full-season irrigation reduced yield in 3 of 5 years. Repeated root pruning restricted the lateral spread of the root zone and the use of soil resources, yet on the deep soil of this site, restricting the lateral extent of the root zone did not reduce vegetative tree growth. RP GLENN, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 3 BP 543 EP 546 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RD812 UT WOS:A1995RD81200031 ER PT J AU HALLMAN, GJ AF HALLMAN, GJ TI COLD-STORAGE AND HOT-WATER IMMERSION AS QUARANTINE TREATMENTS FOR CANISTEL INFESTED WITH CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POUTERIA CAMPECHIANA; EGGFRUIT; ANASTREPHA SUSPENSA; PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION ID TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA AB Canistel [Pouteria campechiana (HBK.) Baehni] fruit were subjected to cold storage and hot-water immersion treatments known to kill immature Caribbean fruit flies [Anastrepha suspensa (Loew)] in other fruit. Cold storage at 1 or 3C for 17 days did not cause appreciable loss in canistel quality compared with fruit stored at the normal 10C. Unripe canistels immersed in water at 46C for 90 min or at 48 degrees C for 65 min, however, developed dark blotches on the peel and a 2 to 3-mm-thick layer under the peel that did not soften. Canistels were infested with Caribbean fruit flies and subjected to 1 or 3C storage for up to 14 days. The resulting lethality data were fitted to three probability density functions (PDF) to estimate the number of days required to achieve quarantine security (99;9968% dead). The normal and Gompertz PDFs gave some reasonable estimates, while the logistic PDF gave low estimates. At IC, 14 days would be needed to achieve quarantine security, while at 3C a minimum of 15 days would be required. These estimates must be tested to determine if they are valid after a large amount of Caribbean fruit fly immatures is subjected to the treatments. RP HALLMAN, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 3 BP 570 EP 572 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RD812 UT WOS:A1995RD81200040 ER PT J AU STRETCH, AW EHLENFELDT, MK BREWSTER, V AF STRETCH, AW EHLENFELDT, MK BREWSTER, V TI MUMMY BERRY DISEASE BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY CULTIVARS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM; MONILINIA VACCINII-CORYMBOSI; SELECTION METHOD AB Fifty-five highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum I,.) cultivars and selections were evaluated over 2 years for their resistance to the shoot blighting phase of mummy berry disease [Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi (Reade) Honey]. Blight incidence in 1993 ranged from 1% to 78% and differences among cultivars were significant. In 1994, infection levels were lower and ranged from 0% to 43%, again with significant differences among the entries, Several cultivars exhibited mummy berry blight resistance in both years. Ranking most resistant to less resistant were 'Jersey', 'Elliott', 'Bluejay', 'Duke', 'Stanley', 'Barrow', 'Meader', and 'Angola'. Among the cultivars consistently blight-susceptible. were 'Bluehaven', 'Bluegold', 'Northblue', 'Croatan', 'Northsky', 'Sierra', 'Harrison', 'Coville', and 'Murphy'. The consistent resistant reaction of certain cultivars indicates that they may be suitable as parents for introducing resistance into a breeding program. The evaluation methodology developed in these tests should be useful in screening germplasm for new sources of resistance and evaluating segregating progeny from crosses. RP STRETCH, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUTGERS BLUEBERRY & CRANBERRY RES CTR,LAKE OSWEGO RD,CHATSWORTH,NJ 08019, USA. NR 5 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 3 BP 589 EP 591 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RD812 UT WOS:A1995RD81200046 ER PT J AU YEO, DY REED, BM AF YEO, DY REED, BM TI MICROPROPAGATION OF 3 PYRUS ROOTSTOCKS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ACCLIMATIZATION; AUXIN INHIBITION; EXPLANT INITIATION; SHOOT MULTIPLICATION; PEAR; ROOTING ID CALLERYANA AB Explants of three rootstock selections Pyrus calleryana Dcne 'Oregon Pear Rootstock (OPR) 157', P. betulifolia Bunge 'OPR 260', and P. communis L. 'Old Home' x 'Farmingdale 230' ('OH x F 230' were initiated from forced branches of field-grown trees. 'OPR 260' and 'OH x F 230' shoots cultured on Cheng medium with IBA proliferated better than those on NAA. NAA and IBA at concentrations >0.5 mu M inhibited shoot multiplication. Overall, the best micropropagation medium for 'OPR 260' and 'OH x F 230' was Cheng medium with 8 mu M BA and 0.5 mu M IBA. Shoot multiplication of 'OPR 157' was best on 8 mu M BA and better on low NAA (0.5 CIM) Or no auxin than on IBA. 'OH x F 230' rooted easily >80%) with ah IBA and NAA treatments. The best rooting treatment (42.9%) for 'OPR 260' was 10 mu M IBA in darkness for 1 week; for 'OPR 157' (23.9%), it was a 15-second dip in 10 mM NAA. Only rooted plantlets survived 4 weeks of greenhouse acclimatization. Chemical names used: Nb-benzyladenine (BA); indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); napthaleneacetic acid (NAA). C1 USDA ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 3 BP 620 EP 623 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RD812 UT WOS:A1995RD81200054 ER PT J AU WELKER, WV GLENN, DM AF WELKER, WV GLENN, DM TI PROXIMITY OF SOD TO YOUNG PEACH-TREES AFFECTS THE CROTCH ANGLE OF PRIMARY SCAFFOLDS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE ORCHARD FLOOR MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION-FREE AREA; PRUNUS PERSICA ID APPLE-TREES RP WELKER, WV (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 3 BP 629 EP 629 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RD812 UT WOS:A1995RD81200059 ER PT J AU GALLETTA, GJ MAAS, JL ENNS, JM DRAPER, AD DALE, A SWARTZ, HJ AF GALLETTA, GJ MAAS, JL ENNS, JM DRAPER, AD DALE, A SWARTZ, HJ TI MOHAWK STRAWBERRY SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE FRAGARIA XANANASSA; PHYTOPHTHORA FRAGARIAE; RED STELE ROOT ROT RESISTANCE; FRUIT BREEDING ID CULTIVARS C1 MINIST AGR & FOOD,HORT RES INST ONTARIO,HORT EXPT STN,SIMCOE,ON N3Y 4N5,CANADA. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP GALLETTA, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 3 BP 631 EP 634 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RD812 UT WOS:A1995RD81200061 ER PT J AU STAHLER, MM LAWRENCE, FJ MARTIN, LW MOORE, PP DAUBENY, HA SHEETS, WA VARSEVELD, GW AF STAHLER, MM LAWRENCE, FJ MARTIN, LW MOORE, PP DAUBENY, HA SHEETS, WA VARSEVELD, GW TI REDCREST STRAWBERRY SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE FRAGARIA XANANASSA; FRUIT BREEDING; FRUIT QUALITY C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT HORT & FORESTRY,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PUYALLUP RES & EXTENS CTR,PUYALLUP,WA 98371. AGR CANADA,RES STN,VANCOUVER,BC V6T 1X2,CANADA. OREGON STATE UNIV,HILLSBORO,OR 97124. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 3 BP 635 EP 636 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA RD812 UT WOS:A1995RD81200062 ER PT J AU MCCAFFERTY, MC HERRING, AJ ANDERSEN, AA JONES, GE AF MCCAFFERTY, MC HERRING, AJ ANDERSEN, AA JONES, GE TI ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS OF THE MAJOR OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN OF CHLAMYDIA-PSITTACI REVEALS MULTIMERS WHICH ARE RECOGNIZED BY PROTECTIVE MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Note ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM PORINS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; OVINE ABORTION; TRACHOMATIS; PERMEABILITY; OLIGOMERS; SEQUENCE; CHANNELS; OMPF AB Purified major outer membrane protein, detergent solubilized and reduced with dithiothreitol but not heated, gave an apparent molecular weight in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels almost three times that observed for the heat-denatured SDS-treated peptide. This is similar to the behavior of porin trimers from gram-negative bacteria. Two protective monoclonal antibodies showed strong binding to the proposed trimer but not to denatured, monomeric major outer membrane protein. C1 MOREDUN RES INST,EDINBURGH EH17 7JH,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AVAIN DIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. NR 31 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 63 IS 6 BP 2387 EP 2389 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RA191 UT WOS:A1995RA19100048 PM 7768628 ER PT J AU RAND, RY AF RAND, RY TI ASSISTED SEARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE (ASK) - A NAVIGATIONAL TOOL SET TO GLOBAL CHANGE DATA AND INFORMATION SO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES LA English DT Article RP RAND, RY (reprint author), USDA,NATL AGR LIB,DIV INFORMAT SYST,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER LIBRARY ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 50 E HURON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0730-9295 J9 INFORM TECHNOL LIBR JI Inf. Technol. Libr. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 14 IS 2 BP 87 EP 91 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA RE018 UT WOS:A1995RE01800003 ER PT J AU FELDLAUFER, MF WEIRICH, GF IMBERSKI, RB SVOBODA, JA AF FELDLAUFER, MF WEIRICH, GF IMBERSKI, RB SVOBODA, JA TI ECDYSTEROID PRODUCTION IN DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER REARED ON DEFINED DIETS SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Triennial Symposium on Biosynthesis and Catabolism of Insect Hormones and Pheromones, at the American-Chemical-Society Biannual Meeting CY MAR 13-14, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Chem Soc DE DROSOPHILA; DIETARY STEROLS; DEALKYLATION; ECDYSTEROIDS ID RING GLAND; METABOLISM; SECRETION; ECDYSONE; STEROLS AB Larvae of Drosophila melanogaster were reared aseptically on defined diets containing either cholesterol, campesterol or sitosterol as the only dietary sterol. Sterol analyses of pupae revealed that insects reared on campesterol and sitosterol diets contained 3.3 and 8.1% cholesterol, indicative of an ability to accumulate this sterol. Ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone were the predominant ecdysteroids in insects from all diet studies, though makisterone A was detected in pupae reared on campesterol and sitosterol. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ZOOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP FELDLAUFER, MF (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 25 IS 6 BP 709 EP 712 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(95)00009-K PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA RF699 UT WOS:A1995RF69900006 PM 7627202 ER PT J AU CARLSON, DA AF CARLSON, DA TI BIOSYNTHESIS AND CATABOLISM OF INSECT HORMONES AND PHEROMONES - AMERICAN-CHEMICAL-SOCIETY BIANNUAL MEETING SAN-DIEGO, CALIFORNIA - 13-14 MARCH 1994 - FOREWORD SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP CARLSON, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 25 IS 6 BP R5 EP R5 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(95)90021-7 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA RF699 UT WOS:A1995RF69900001 ER PT J AU CURTIS, GDW LEE, WH AF CURTIS, GDW LEE, WH TI CULTURE MEDIA AND METHODS FOR THE ISOLATION OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium of the Working-Party-for-Culture-Media CY MAR 30-APR 03, 1992 CL HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP Becton Dickinson Diagnost Div, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Int Comm Food Microbiol & Hygiene, Working Party Culture Media DE LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES; CULTURE MEDIA; BACTERIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUE; SELECTIVE AGAR; ENRICHMENT BROTH ID NATURALLY CONTAMINATED FOODS; SELECTIVE PLATING MEDIA; HEAT-INJURED LISTERIA; EPIDEMIC LISTERIOSIS; SPORADIC LISTERIOSIS; COLD ENRICHMENT; USDA METHODS; RAW MEAT; RECOVERY; GROWTH AB The recovery of low numbers of Listeria monocytogenes from foods and environmental samples requires the use of enrichment cultures followed by selective plating and, where injured organisms are likely to be present, a pre-enrichment step. The development of selective and enrichment media for L. monocytogenes is traced and currently used media are discussed. Comparisons of media and methods for the culture of L. monocytogenes are reported but no single method can be recommended for all situations. Guidance is given on the choice of media and methods which is governed by the type of sample, number and nature of competing flora and cost. C1 USDA FSIS,BELTSVILLE,MD. RP CURTIS, GDW (reprint author), JOHN RADCLIFFE HOSP,DEPT BACTERIOL,OXFORD OX3 9DU,ENGLAND. NR 67 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 26 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/0168-1605(93)E0027-O PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA RF397 UT WOS:A1995RF39700002 PM 7662515 ER PT J AU LUKASKI, HC AF LUKASKI, HC TI MICRONUTRIENTS (MAGNESIUM, ZINC, AND COPPER) - ARE MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS NEEDED FOR ATHLETES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gatorade-Sports-Science-Institute Conference on Nutritional Ergogenic Aids Supplement CY NOV 10-11, 1994 CL CHICAGO, IL SP GATORADE SPORTS SCI INST AB Mineral elements, including magnesium, zinc, and copper, are required by the body in modest amounts for the maintenance of health and for the development of optimal physiological function. For athletes, adequate amounts of these minerals are required for physical training and performance. Studies of athletes during training, as compared to nontraining control subjects, indicate the potential for increased losses of minerals in sweat and urine. Some studies report suboptimal intakes of minerals, particularly among athletes who are actively attempting to lose weight to meet standards for competition. However, most athletes consume diets that provide adequate amounts of minerals to meet population standards. Athletes should be counseled to consume foods with high nutrient density rather than to rely on mineral supplements. General use of mineral supplements can alter physiological function and impair health. RP LUKASKI, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOX 9034 UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 0 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-5076 SN 1050-1606 J9 INT J SPORT NUTR JI Int. J. Sport Nutr. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 SU S BP S74 EP S83 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences GA RC689 UT WOS:A1995RC68900008 PM 7550259 ER PT J AU MULDOON, MT STANKER, LH AF MULDOON, MT STANKER, LH TI POLYMER SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED SORBENT ASSAY FOR ATRAZINE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE MOLECULAR IMPRINTING; ATRAZINE; POLYMER; RESIDUE ANALYSIS ID AMINO-ACID DERIVATIVES; MACROPOROUS POLYMERS; RECOGNITION; RESOLUTION; SELECTIVITY C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 17 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1424 EP 1427 DI 10.1021/jf00054a002 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RE380 UT WOS:A1995RE38000002 ER PT J AU PARRIS, N COFFIN, DR JOUBRAN, RF PESSEN, H AF PARRIS, N COFFIN, DR JOUBRAN, RF PESSEN, H TI COMPOSITION FACTORS AFFECTING THE WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY AND TENSILE PROPERTIES OF HYDROPHILIC FILMS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HYDROPHILIC; FILM; MILK-BASED MATERIAL; PLASTICIZER; WATER VAPOR PERMEABILITY; TENSILE PROPERTIES ID EDIBLE FILMS; CROSS-LINKING; BILAYER FILMS; WHEY-PROTEIN; FATTY-ACID; COATINGS AB The water vapor permeability of hydrophilic films was decreased without significantly compromising the film's tensile properties through the incorporation of whole milk, sodium caseinate, nonfat dry milk, or whey into the film and the proper choice of plasticizer. Sodium alginate films exhibited lower water vapor permeability values than films prepared using either low or high methoxylated pectin. Sodium lactate was found to be an effective plasticizer, and alginate films containing 50 wt % or more sodium lactate had elongations in excess of 13%. Films prepared with sorbitol as the plasticizer had the best water vapor permeability values but tended to be stiff and in some cases too brittle for tensile measurements. Addition of whole milk to film blends effectively reduced water vapor permeability values by up to 35%. RP PARRIS, N (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 20 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1432 EP 1435 DI 10.1021/jf00054a004 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RE380 UT WOS:A1995RE38000004 ER PT J AU FRIEDMAN, M MCDONALD, GM AF FRIEDMAN, M MCDONALD, GM TI ACID-CATALYZED PARTIAL HYDROLYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATE GROUPS OF THE POTATO GLYCOALKALOID ALPHA-CHACONINE IN ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CARBOHYDRATE HYDROLYSIS; ALPHA-CHACONINE; BETA(1)-CHACONINE; BETA(2)-CHACONINE; GAMMA-CHACONINE; FOOD SAFETY; GLYCOALKALOIDS; POTATOES; SOLANIDINE; ALPHA-SOLANINE ID SOLANINE; GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; PURIFICATION; MEDIA AB As part of an effort to improve the safety of plant-derived foods, the role of the carbohydrate side chain has been explored in biological effects of potato glycoalkaloids such as alpha-chaconine. This steroid glycoalkaloid has a trisaccharide attached to the 3-hydroxy position of the steroidal aglycon solanidine. This study attempts to define the effect of structurally different alcohols on the partial hydrolysis of alpha-chaconine to beta(1)-chaconine, beta(2)-chaconine, gamma-chaconine, and solanidine. Partial hydrolyses were carried out in 97.5% alcohol-0.25 N HCl at 60 degrees C. HPLC was used to measure the distribution of hydrolysis products as a function of time. The rate of hydrolysis of alpha-chaconine in the straight-chain alcohol solutions was as follows: methanol > ethanol = l-butanol > propanol > pentanol much greater than water. The longer the chain, the slower the rate of hydrolysis except for the anomalous result that the extent of hydrolysis in l-butanol was equal to that in ethanol. However hydrolysis in 2-butanol was slower than in l-butanol. Surprisingly, hydrolysis in tert-butyl alcohol was slowest, proceeding more slowly than even in l-pentanol. The formation of gamma-chaconine was also greatly reduced in tert-butyl alcohol. Mechanistic rationalizations are offered to explain the observed trends in terms of the hydrophobic-hydrophilic nature of the glycoalkaloids and the solvation properties of the alcohols. The results should be generally useful for optimizing or minimizing the formation of specific hydrolysis products. RP FRIEDMAN, M (reprint author), USDA,ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY & HLTH RES UNIT,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 31 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1501 EP 1506 DI 10.1021/jf00054a016 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RE380 UT WOS:A1995RE38000016 ER PT J AU FRIEDMAN, M LEVIN, CE AF FRIEDMAN, M LEVIN, CE TI ALPHA-TOMATINE CONTENT IN TOMATO AND TOMATO PRODUCTS DETERMINED BY HPLC WITH PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE FOOD SAFETY; GLYCOALKALOIDS; HPLC-PAD; HUMAN HEALTH; PROCESSED TOMATOES; ALPHA-TOMATINE ANALYSIS; TOMATO PLANTS; PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION ID HELIOTHIS-ZEA; POTATO GLYCOALKALOIDS; SOLANUM ALKALOIDS; LARVAL GROWTH; LYCOPERSICON; LEPIDOPTERA; CHOLESTEROL; HYDROLYSIS; CHACONINE; TOXICITY AB Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) synthesize the glycoalkaloid a-tomatine, possibly as a defense against insects and other pests. As part of an effort to improve the safety of plant foods, the usefulness of a new HPLC pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) method for the direct analysis of cx-tomatine in different parts of the tomato plant; in store-bought and field-grown, including transgenic, tomatoes; in a variety of commercial and home-processed tomato products; and in eggplant and tomatillos was evaluated. The method was found to be useful for analysis of a variety of products including high-tomatine calyxes, flowers, leaves, roots, and stems of the tomato plant (14-130 mg/100 g of fresh weight), low-tomatine red tomatoes (0.03-0.08 mg/100 g), intermediate-tomatine tomatoes (0.1-0.8 mg/100 g), and high-tomatine fresh and processed green, including pickled and fried, tomatoes (0.9-55 mg/100 g). No experimental difficulties were encountered with extraction and analysis of tomatine in complex foods such as tomato juice, ketchup, salsa, sauce, and sun-dried tomatoes. Microwaving and frying did not significantly affect tomatine levels of tomato foods. The tomatine content of fresh market and transgenic delayed-ripening varieties was not different from the range ordinarily seen in tomato. The possible usefulness of the findings to plant science, food safety, and human health is discussed. RP USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, FOOD SAFETY & HLTH RES UNIT, 800 BUCHANAN ST, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 48 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1507 EP 1511 DI 10.1021/jf00054a017 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RE380 UT WOS:A1995RE38000017 ER PT J AU DOMEK, JM CANTELO, WW WAGNER, RM LI, BW MILLERIHLI, NJ AF DOMEK, JM CANTELO, WW WAGNER, RM LI, BW MILLERIHLI, NJ TI NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF POTATO FOLIAGE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM TUBEROSUM; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; PROTEIN; AMINO ACIDS; CARBOHYDRATES; MINERALS; LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA ID PLANT PROTEIN AB The foliage of the potato Solanum tuberosum (L.)was analyzed to gain understanding of the within-plant distribution of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, and to develop a synthetic diet useful for rearing of this insect for experimental purposes. Foliage from three age classes was analyzed for protein, amino acid composition of protein, free amino acids, sugar, starch, nonstarch polysaccharides, dietary fiber, and trace elements. Concentrations of the amino acids glutamine, serine, asparagine, glutamic acid, proline, histidine, and arginine were higher in the youngest foliage than in the two older categories. Protein content was highest in the youngest foliage. With the exceptions of copper and phosphorus, the oldest foliage had the highest mineral levels. Concentrations of sugars were highest in the oldest foliage. The concentrations of nonstarch polysaccharides tended to be lowest in the youngest foliage. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1512 EP 1515 DI 10.1021/jf00054a018 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RE380 UT WOS:A1995RE38000018 ER PT J AU CHUNG, SY VERCELLOTTI, JR SANDERS, TH AF CHUNG, SY VERCELLOTTI, JR SANDERS, TH TI ENZYME-AMPLIFIED MICROTITER PLATE ASSAY FOR ETHANOL - ITS APPLICATION TO THE DETECTION OF APPARENT ETHANOL IN PEANUTS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ETHANOL; ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE; ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; ENZYME AMPLIFICATION; MICROTITER PLATE ASSAY; PEANUTS ID SOY PROTEIN; FLAVOR; IMMUNOASSAYS AB A colorimetric microtiter plate assay amplified by aldehyde dehydrogenase, in the presence of alcohol dehydrogenase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, diaphorase, and p-iodanitrotetrazolium violet was developed for detection of protein-bound apparent ethanol (i.e., ethanol and other primary alcohols) in peanuts of differing maturity and curing (stackpole) stages. Data showed that at each curing stage mature peanuts had a lower level of protein-bound ethanol than immature peanuts and that at each maturity stage the level of protein-bound ethanol decreased during curing. This change in the level of protein-bound ethanol suggests that peanut maturity and curing have an effect on the binding of ethanol to peanut proteins. The implication of this is that the extent of flavor binding might contribute to the consequent difference in flavors between mature/cured and immature/cured peanuts. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. RP CHUNG, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, POB 19687, 1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1545 EP 1548 DI 10.1021/jf00054a024 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RE380 UT WOS:A1995RE38000024 ER PT J AU SCHATZKI, TF AF SCHATZKI, TF TI DISTRIBUTION OF AFLATOXIN IN PISTACHIOS .1. LOT DISTRIBUTIONS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE LOW-LEVEL CONTAMINATION; SAMPLING; NONPARAMETRIC; SAMPLE SIZE; TREE NUTS; AFLATOXIN AB A nonparametric relation is derived between the discrete probability distribution {p(i), c(i)}, assumed for toxin concentration c in individual members of a population, and the probability distribution {P-i(n)} of the toxin concentration in n-member samples taken from that population. Here p(i) is the probability of an individual member having torrin concentration c(i), while P-i(n) is the probability of an n-sample exhibiting toxin concentration falling in range i of C. An information theoretic basis is given for the number J of indices i required for {P-i(n)}. The same number of indices is used for {p(i), c(i)}; additional values, if needed, are estimated. {P-i(n)} is derived from {p(i), c(i)} by multinomial Poisson statistics. Conversely, it is shown how {p(i), c(i)} may be derived from empirical {P-i(n)} data when the np(i) are small, as is commonly the case for aflatoxin contamination of tree nuts. As a first approximation one obtains p(i) = P-i(n)/n and c(i) = n * C-i, where C-i is the midpoint of range i of C. Higher approximations are evaluated as well. A basis is thus laid for computing {P-i(n)} for a sample size differing from that of the sample actually determined. The results are applied to predicting the probability of a sample of any size exceeding a predetermined level C-2. RP SCHATZKI, TF (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 10 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1561 EP 1565 DI 10.1021/jf00054a027 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RE380 UT WOS:A1995RE38000027 ER PT J AU SCHATZKI, TF AF SCHATZKI, TF TI DISTRIBUTION OF AFLATOXIN IN PISTACHIOS .2. DISTRIBUTION IN FRESHLY HARVESTED PISTACHIOS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE AFLATOXIN; PISTACHIOS; US CROPS; FIELD-RUN; SORTED 1981-1991 AB The anatoxin sample probability distribution {P-i(n)} (fraction of samples exhibiting anatoxin concentrations in ranges of log C) for field-run and for finished pistachios was calculated for several crop years since 1980, using orchard, survey, and certification data from assorted sources. Sample size it was 100 nuts for one year, 3200 nuts for the remainder. The [single-nut] crop probability distributions {p(i), c(i)} were derived using the methods described in Schatzki (J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 1561), where p(i) is the probability of a single nut having concentration c(i). The {p(i), c(i)} distributions of field-run material were found to be consistent, but with some evidence of a decrease at the highest anatoxin concentrations during 1981-1991. As a result, the average aflatoxin concentration in U.S. crops appears to have decreased from about 10 to 1.5 ng/g in that period. In finished pistachios the predicted {p(i)} distribution of contaminated nuts was found to be 2-4-fold lower in the crop years far which both field-run and finished data were available, suggesting that sorting for quality removes a large part of the aflatoxin present at harvest. RP SCHATZKI, TF (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 7 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1566 EP 1569 DI 10.1021/jf00054a028 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RE380 UT WOS:A1995RE38000028 ER PT J AU BOOTH, SL SADOWSKI, JA PENNINGTON, JAT AF BOOTH, SL SADOWSKI, JA PENNINGTON, JAT TI PHYLLOQUINONE (VITAMIN K-1) CONTENT OF FOODS IN THE US-FOOD-AND-DRUG-ADMINISTRATION TOTAL DIET STUDY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PHYLLOQUINONE; VITAMIN-K-1; FOOD COMPOSITION; TOTAL DIET STUDY ID OSTEOCALCIN AB Two hundred sixty-one foods from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study were analyzed for phylloquinone (vitamin K-1) using a high-performance liquid chromatographic method that incorporates postcolumn reduction of the quinone, followed by fluorescence detection of the hydroquinone form of the vitamin. Green, leafy vegetables still appear to be the predominant dietary source of this vitamin (113-440 mu g of phylloquinone/100 g of vegetable), followed by certain vegetable oils that are derived from vegetables or seeds containing large concentrations of phylloquinone. Some mixed dishes contain moderate amounts of phylloquinone that are attributable to the vegetable oils used in their preparation. Other foods, such as certain meats, brewed beverages, soft drinks, and alcoholic beverages, contained negligible amounts of phylloquinone. These data expand and improve the quality and quantity of the phylloquinone food composition table and will be used to prioritize future analyses. C1 US FDA,DIV NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP BOOTH, SL (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER US DEPT AGR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,VITAMIN K LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 16 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1574 EP 1579 DI 10.1021/jf00054a030 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RE380 UT WOS:A1995RE38000030 ER PT J AU WU, YV ROSATI, RR SESSA, DJ BROWN, PB AF WU, YV ROSATI, RR SESSA, DJ BROWN, PB TI EVALUATION OF CORN GLUTEN MEAL AS A PROTEIN-SOURCE IN TILAPIA DIETS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CORN GLUTEN MEAL; TILAPIA; NUTRITION FISH FEED ID RAINBOW-TROUT; FEED INGREDIENTS; AMINO-ACIDS; FISH-MEAL; GROWTH; EFFICIENCY; PRODUCTS; ENERGY AB Corn gluten meal was incorporated into tilapia diets containing 32 and 36% protein from corn and soybean with and without fish meal and soy lecithin, respectively. A 75-day feeding study indicated that the five diets containing corn gluten meal yielded higher weight gain, higher protein efficiency ratio, and better or equal feed conversion ratio values of tilapia than a commercial fish feed containing 36% protein and fish meal. Tilapia fed 32% protein diets had the same weight gain as 36% protein diets. No advantage was realized when fish meal (6%) was incorporated into the diet. Likewise, diets containing soy lecithin (1%) did not result in enhanced weight gain relative to diets devoid of lecithin. C1 ILLINOIS STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR,NORMAL,IL 61790. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY & NAT RESOURCES,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP WU, YV (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1585 EP 1588 DI 10.1021/jf00054a032 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RE380 UT WOS:A1995RE38000032 ER PT J AU BECONIBARKER, MG DAVIDSON, KL HORNISH, RE ARNOLD, TS CRAIGMILL, AL GILBERTSON, TJ SMITH, EB VIDMAR, TJ HOFFMAN, GA GATCHELL, CL AF BECONIBARKER, MG DAVIDSON, KL HORNISH, RE ARNOLD, TS CRAIGMILL, AL GILBERTSON, TJ SMITH, EB VIDMAR, TJ HOFFMAN, GA GATCHELL, CL TI [C-14] CEFTIOFUR SODIUM-ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, METABOLISM, AND EXCRETION IN SHEEP FOLLOWING INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ADME; METABOLISM; CEFTIOFUR; SHEEP; NAXCEL ID CEFTIOFUR; INVITRO; CATTLE AB Six Columbia and mixed-breed sheep (three rams and three females, 33-44 kg) were euthanatized 12 h after the last of 5 intramuscular doses at 2.2 mg of [C-14]ceftiofur sodium/kg of body weight. Total dose accountability was 103.5 +/- 4.5%: 92.55 +/- 4.10% in urine, 6.53 +/- 0.85% in feces, 2.40 +/- 0.14% in the carcass, and 0.69 +/- 0.32% in the intestinal tract. Kidneys were the tissues with highest residue concentration (9.016 +/- 1.153 mu g/g, 0.29% of the dose). Most residues found in kidney and liver were associated with macromolecules (95.7% and 90.5%, respectively). Of the free residues, all corresponded to polar metabolites devoid of the beta-lactam ring necessary for biological activity. Desfuroylceftiofur (DFC)-dimer was the most abundant metabolite (47.58%) found in urine. Polar metabolites devoid of a beta-lactam ring comprised 38.5% of the total residues. In plasma, DFC was conjugated to albumin. Free residues containing an intact beta-lactam ring were not found. [C-14]- Ceftiofur itself was never found in the excreta or plasma or as a tissue residue. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP BECONIBARKER, MG (reprint author), UPJOHN CO,KALAMAZOO,MI 49001, USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1589 EP 1597 DI 10.1021/jf00054a033 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RE380 UT WOS:A1995RE38000033 ER PT J AU BUTTERY, RG TAKEOKA, GR LING, LC AF BUTTERY, RG TAKEOKA, GR LING, LC TI FURANEOL - ODOR THRESHOLD AND IMPORTANCE TO TOMATO AROMA SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE FURANEOL; NORFURANEOL; TOMATO; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; ODOR THRESHOLD ID ISOTOPE-DILUTION ASSAY; 2,5-DIMETHYL-4-HYDROXY-3(2H)-FURANONE; STRAWBERRIES; PINEAPPLES AB The determination of the odor thresholds of Furaneol and norfuraneol in water and in buffered solutions showed that their thresholds varied depending on the pH of the solution, being lower the more acid the solution. Calculations of concentration/threshold ratios showed that Furaneol occurs at a concentration well above its threshold and is among the 10 compounds with the highest probability of contributing to both fresh and processed tomato aroma and flavor. Norfuraneol, however, occurs below its threshold concentration in fresh tomato and only slightly above in the paste and has only a low probability of contributing. RP BUTTERY, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 15 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1638 EP 1640 DI 10.1021/jf00054a042 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RE380 UT WOS:A1995RE38000042 ER PT J AU SCHMIDT, WF HAPEMAN, CJ WATERS, RM JOHNSON, WE AF SCHMIDT, WF HAPEMAN, CJ WATERS, RM JOHNSON, WE TI NMR AND MOLECULAR MECHANICS OF ALACHLOR CONFORMATION AND CONFORMERS - IMPLICATIONS TO THE MECHANISM OF ENVIRONMENTAL PHOTODEGRADATION SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NMR; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; PHOTODEGRADATION; PESTICIDE; ALACHLOR ID DEGRADATION; ATRAZINE; FATE AB Hindered intramolecular free rotation around specific single bonds within alachlor accounts for the existence of the stable conformers observed in solution by NMR spectroscopy. NMR and molecular mechanics techniques enable identification of the molecular chemical environment under which specific conformations of alachlor are changed. Results suggest the photodegradation products previously reported have one of these conformers as a common intermediate. Chemical environments that increase the amount of this conformer could therefore enhance its rate of photodegradation. Chemical environments that stabilize a different conformation may have significantly longer half-lives or different photodegradation products. RP SCHMIDT, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NRI,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1724 EP 1729 DI 10.1021/jf00054a059 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RE380 UT WOS:A1995RE38000059 ER PT J AU MULDOON, MT ELISSALDE, MH BEIER, RC STANKER, LH AF MULDOON, MT ELISSALDE, MH BEIER, RC STANKER, LH TI DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-BASED ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY FOR SALINOMYCIN IN CHICKEN LIVER-TISSUE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; SODIUM SALINOMYCIN; IMMUNOASSAY; MONENSIN; NARASIN; FEEDS; MEAT AB Salinomycin is one of the most widely used coccidiostats in U.S. agriculture. A rapid and accurate analytical method for this drug should provide producers and users with an effective management tool. The current chromatographic methods are sensitive but are labor-intensive. In addition, they require large amounts of expensive organic solvents for extraction and cleanup, which requires proper (and expensive) disposal. This paper reports the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) coupled to a simple aqueous extraction procedure for the analysis of salinomycin in chicken liver tissue. Recovery from spiked liver homogenates was quantitative in the range from 5.0 to 0.05 ppm. Analysis of chicken livers containing incurred residue by ELISA and highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed the results to be highly correlated (p < 0.0001). The ELISA method described here has a limit of quantitation of 50 ppb, which is more sensitive than the HPLC method. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1745 EP 1750 DI 10.1021/jf00054a062 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RE380 UT WOS:A1995RE38000062 ER PT J AU BAILEY, AC RAPER, RL JOHNSON, CE BURT, EC AF BAILEY, AC RAPER, RL JOHNSON, CE BURT, EC TI AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO SOIL COMPACTION PREDICTION SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STRESS STATE; THRUST; MODEL AB Several areas of study are contributing to the development of procedures to predict soil compaction from machinery traffic. Stresses at the soil-tyre interface are being measured. Analytical and finite element analyses are being used to predict stresses throughout the soil profile. Constitutive stress-strain relationships link soil. stresses to compaction and strain. Measured stress states in the soil profile provide intermediate validation of the procedures. This paper summarizes research on measurement of soil-tyre interface stresses, measurement of stress states in the soil profile, the development of soil constitutive relationships and analytical and finite element methods to represent the soil compaction process. C1 AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,DEPT AGR ENGN,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP BAILEY, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-8634 J9 J AGR ENG RES JI J. Agr. Eng. Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 61 IS 2 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1006/jaer.1995.1033 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RJ100 UT WOS:A1995RJ10000001 ER PT J AU RICHARDSON, CW KING, KW AF RICHARDSON, CW KING, KW TI EROSION AND NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM ZERO-TILLAGE ON A CLAY SOIL SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE RUNOFF; CORN AB Conventional tillage (CT) and zero tillage (ZT) farming systems were compared in terms of losses of sediment, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in surface runoff from watersheds with heavy clay soils in central Texas, U.S.A. CT included several sequential tillage operations that resulted in burial of most of the plant residue from the previous crop. ZT involved no primary or secondary tillage, and crops were planted through the residue from the previous crop. ZT had no effect on runoff amounts but reduced the loss of sediment, N, and P relative to CT. Similar results were obtained for each of the three crops used in the study. The EPIC (Erosion-Productivity Impact Calculator) model successfully simulated the effect of tillage on runoff, sediment, and nutrient loss with the exception of soluble N and P. C1 TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,TEMPLE,TX. RP RICHARDSON, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 20 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-8634 J9 J AGR ENG RES JI J. Agr. Eng. Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 61 IS 2 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1006/jaer.1995.1034 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RJ100 UT WOS:A1995RJ10000002 ER PT J AU GRANT, G MORE, LJ MCKENZIE, NH DORWARD, PM BUCHAN, WC TELEK, L PUSZTAI, A AF GRANT, G MORE, LJ MCKENZIE, NH DORWARD, PM BUCHAN, WC TELEK, L PUSZTAI, A TI NUTRITIONAL AND HEMAGGLUTINATION PROPERTIES OF SEVERAL TROPICAL SEEDS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BEANS PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; GLYCINE-MAX; SOY FLOUR; RATS; FRACTIONATION; INHIBITORS; NITROGEN; UK AB The nutritional potential of a number of raw tropical seeds was assessed in a series of feeding trials with rats. Seed lectin reactivity was also monitored. alpha-amylase and trypsin inhibitory activities were determined in some of the seeds. Abelmoschus esculentus, Chenopodium quinoa, Delonix regia, Macroptilium lathyroides, Papaver somniferum, Parkia biglandulosa, Sesbania arabica, Terminalia catappa, Vigna subterranea, Vigna umbellata and Vigna unguiculata seeds supported moderate rat growth. The seeds contained only low levels of essentially non-toxic lectin, moderate amounts of trypsin inhibitors and negligible quantities of cr-amylase inhibitors and they have great potential as dietary protein sources for man and animals. Artocarpus altilis, Canavalia ensiformis, Canavalia maritima, Dioclea grandiflora, Phaseolus acutifolius, Phaseolus coccineus and Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Processor, cv. Rosinha G2 and cv. Carioca 80 seeds were toxic. These seeds contained high levels of potentially toxic lectins. Other antinutritional factors may also have contributed to the high oral toxicity of some of these seeds. Albizia adinocephala, Albizia lebbeck, Bauhinia violacea, Cassia nodosa, Cassia tora, Dioclea sclerocarpa, Entada phaseoloides, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Leucaena leucocephala and Moringa oleifera: seeds were also highly toxic but had only low levels of essentially non-toxic lectins suggesting that the toxicity was due to other anti-nutritional factors. Bauhinia reticulata, Macrotyloma uniflorum and Tamarindus indica proteins were poorly digested and utilized. The seeds contained low levels of lectins which agglutinated only rat and cattle erythrocytes which had been pre-treated with suitable proteases. Blownea macrophylla had a similar lectin reactivity. C1 USDA ARS,TROP AGR RES STN,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00681. RP GRANT, G (reprint author), ROWETT RES INST,GREENBURN RD,BUCKSBURN AB2 9SB,ABERDEEN,SCOTLAND. NR 33 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-8596 J9 J AGR SCI JI J. Agric. Sci. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 124 BP 437 EP 445 PN 3 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA RC197 UT WOS:A1995RC19700013 ER PT J AU SNOWDER, GD KNIGHT, AD AF SNOWDER, GD KNIGHT, AD TI BREED EFFECTS OF FOSTER LAMB AND FOSTER DAM ON LAMB VIABILITY AND GROWTH SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MOTHERING ABILITY; LAMB PRODUCTION; GROWTH; MORTALITY ID BORDER LEICESTER; MERINO; WEIGHT; SHEEP; EWES AB The objective of this study was to compare maternal ability under natural and fostered rearing conditions in four breeds of sheep for lamb survival and growth to weaning age. Data included records from 1981 through 1991 of 24,696 lambs of four breeds, Rambouillet, Columbia, Targhee, and Polypay, reared by their natural dam, and 720 records of lambs fostered within their breed or across breeds. The majority (94%) crf the foster lambs were from multiple-birth litters and were approximately .5 kg lighter than lambs reared by their natural dams (P < .05). Viability up to 3 wk of age was influenced by breed of foster dam; lambs reared by Polypay dams had the highest viability (96%) and lambs reared by Targhee darns the lowest (81%). Targhee dams were less successful in rearing foster lambs (75%) to weaning than the other breeds studied (average 84%). The lower viability of Targhee-reared foster lambs could not be explained by lower birth weights of foster lambs, increased starvation, or lower milk scores for Targhee dams. Although there were breed differences in weaning weights at 120 d of age, the foster lambs were lighter but the ranking by breed did not change. These results suggest that there are small breed differences in maternal ability for a ewe to raise her own lamb or foster lamb(s), except for the Targhee ewe, which has a lower success in rearing a foster lamb. Management practices to reduce the mortality rate of foster lambs should be investigated. Producers may consider the ewe's breed when selecting a foster dam and(or) raise ewe/lamb foster pairs in a separate group so that additional care and attention can be given. RP SNOWDER, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SHEEP EXPT STN,HC 62,BOX 2010,DUBOIS,ID 83423, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1559 EP 1566 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RB478 UT WOS:A1995RB47800005 PM 7673049 ER PT J AU FRIES, GF AF FRIES, GF TI A REVIEW OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ANIMAL FOOD-PRODUCTS AS POTENTIAL PATHWAYS OF HUMAN EXPOSURES TO DIOXINS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DIOXINS; FOOD; EXPOSURE; ANIMALS ID DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; ORGANIC-CHEMICAL VAPORS; CHLORINATED DIOXINS; PLANT-LEAVES; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN TCDD; CHRONIC TOXICITY; SOIL INGESTION; P-DIOXINS; COWS; FURANS AB The polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (dioxins) are groups of compounds with similar chemical and toxicological properties. Carcinogenicity was considered the most serious toxic end point when setting previous regulatory policies, but recent concerns have focused on the possible endocrine-disrupting activities of the dioxins. Toxicity is related to the 2,3,7,8 pattern of chlorine substitution, a pattern that also leads to chemical and metabolic stability. Dioxins are practically insoluble in water and concentrate in lipids of biological systems, leading to low background concentrations in fat of the general human population. Major environmental sources of dioxins are emissions from industrial chlorination processes and combustion of materials containing chlorine. Inhalation and water have been ruled out as significant exposure pathways, which suggests that food is the primary source. Pathways of entry into food chains are atmospheric transport emissions and their subsequent deposition on plants, soils, and water. The major food sources seem to be fat-containing animal products and some seafoods. This conclusion is based on evaluations of potential environmental pathways involving dioxins and related compounds. Generally, dioxins and other lipophilic compounds are not taken up and translocated by plants, so residues in foods and feeds derived from seeds should be negligible. Animals on high-roughage diets, or those that ingest contaminated soil, are the most likely to accumulate dioxin residues from the environment. The conclusion that animal products are a major source of human exposure requires verification by appropriate food sampling programs and animal metabolism studies. If it is desirable to reduce human exposure to dioxins via the food supply, reduction of sources would be a more effective strategy than changing agricultural practices and food consumption patterns. RP FRIES, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 107 TC 122 Z9 131 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1639 EP 1650 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RB478 UT WOS:A1995RB47800013 PM 7673057 ER PT J AU RALPHS, MH PROVENZA, FD WIEDMEIER, RD BUNDERSON, FB AF RALPHS, MH PROVENZA, FD WIEDMEIER, RD BUNDERSON, FB TI EFFECTS OF ENERGY-SOURCE AND FOOD FLAVOR ON CONDITIONED PREFERENCES IN SHEEP SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SHEEP; CONDITIONING; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; ENERGY; FLAVOR ID INTRARUMINAL INFUSIONS; VOLUNTARY INTAKE; LACTATING COWS; SODIUM-ACETATE; SILAGE; PROPIONATE; UREA AB Livestock and range managers would have a powerful tool to direct utilization and modify plant communities if animals could be conditioned to eat specific foods or plants. We attempted to condition preferences for a low-quality forage through nutrient loading. Sheep were fed licorice or orange-flavored straw pellets then were gavaged with glucose or propionate (.381 Meal, which amounted to approximately 13% of the daily maintenance energy requirement) or water. Four groups of ewes (n = 4) were arranged in a cross-blocked design such that each group received a unique energy/flavor combination: 1) propionate + licorice, 2) propionate + orange, 3) glucose + licorice, or 4) glucose + orange. On alternate days, each group received the other flavor plus water to create an internal control. At the end of 8 d of conditioning, preference for the two flavors was measured by two-choice preference tests. A second trial was conducted for 4 d in which the energy level. was doubled to .762 Mcal. Low energy levels of either glucose or propionate did not create significant preferences. Propionate at the low-level caused satiety but at the high level conditioned an aversion to both flavors. This high level of propionate apparently caused malaise that was then associated with the taste of the flavors. The high level of glucose conditioned a preference. The high glucose treatment increased rumen microbial mass, the nutrients of which would have been absorbed in the lower gastrointestinal tract, and may have indirectly provided the positive nutrient feedback required to form a preference. There was a flavor preference for orange that was independent of the energy supplements. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGE SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP RALPHS, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 27 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1651 EP 1657 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RB478 UT WOS:A1995RB47800014 PM 7673058 ER PT J AU HAMLIN, KE GREEN, RD PERKINS, TL CUNDIFF, LV MILLER, MF AF HAMLIN, KE GREEN, RD PERKINS, TL CUNDIFF, LV MILLER, MF TI REAL-TIME ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT OF FAT THICKNESS AND LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE AREA .1. DESCRIPTION OF AGE AND WEIGHT EFFECTS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; ULTRASOUND; CARCASSES ID LIVE ANIMAL MEASUREMENT; BEEF-CATTLE; CARCASS TRAITS; PREDICTION; BULLS AB Serial ultrasonic measures of fat thickness (FTU) and longissimus muscle area (LMU) were taken on 180 feedlot steers representing 11 sire-breed groups at two 60-d intervals. Cattle then were slaughtered in four groups of 45 at 21-d intervals with ultrasonic measures taken at each interval. Analyses of variance indicated weight (WT) effects (P < .001) for all FTU measures and many of the LMU measures. Age was a source of variation (P < .05) for FTU and LMU over the first five measurement dates. Sire-breed (SBD) effects (P < .001) were prevalent for all FTU estimates and early LMU predictions. Some dam line and SBD x dam line interactions were detected (P < .1) for the FTU and LMU estimates. Age effects were described quadratically (P < .001) when FTU and LMU were regressed on age (R(2) = 47 and 68%, respectively). When FTU and LMU were regressed on WT, effects were described quadratically (P < .001) with R(2) values of 46 and 72%, respectively. Animals then were assigned to one of four biological types (BT) based on percentage of retail product (0-mm fat trim) using discriminant cluster analysis. Within BT, ultrasonic variables were regressed on age. Quadratic effects (P < .01) were detected for both FTU and LMU. Weight also contributed to variation observed in both ultrasonically measured variables for all BT (P < .001). These data indicate that changes in fat and muscle size as affected by age and weight are detectable using serially collected ultrasound measures. Furthermore, the age and weight relationships of predicted FTA and LMA varied across the four biological types. This suggests a need for derivation of biological type-specific age and(or) weight adjustment equations for cattle evaluation purposes. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI & FOOD TECHNOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1713 EP 1724 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RB478 UT WOS:A1995RB47800021 PM 7673065 ER PT J AU HAMLIN, KE GREEN, RD CUNDIFF, LV WHEELER, TL DIKEMAN, ME AF HAMLIN, KE GREEN, RD CUNDIFF, LV WHEELER, TL DIKEMAN, ME TI REAL-TIME ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT OF FAT THICKNESS AND LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE AREA .2. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REAL-TIME ULTRASOUND MEASURES AND CARCASS RETAIL YIELD SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; ULTRASOUND; CARCASS RETAIL YIELD; FAT ID CATTLE; BEEF AB Feedlot steers (n = 180) representing 11 sire-breed groups were ultrasonically measured for fat thickness (FTU) and longissimus muscle area (LMU) at two 60-d intervals during the feeding period and four 21-d intervals corresponding to serial slaughter dates to predict carcass retail yield parameters. Two fat trim levels, 8 and 0 mm, were used to calculate percentage of trimmable fat (FAT8P and FAT0P) and retail product percentage (RPD8P and RPD0P) for each carcass. Regression techniques were used to evaluate best-fit equations that explained variation in retail product components. When FAT8P, FATOP, RPD8P, and RPDOP were regressed on USDA yield grade (YG), R(2) values ranged from 75 to 76% (P < .001). Comparatively, when live animal predictors of YG components (FTU, LIMU, and final live weight) were used as the independent variables, equations predicting retail yield had R(2) values of 61 to 65% (P < .01). Equations using final FTU as the independent variable explained 58 to 64% (P < .001) of the variation in FAT8P, FAT0P, RPD8P, and RPD0P. Equations with FTU, LMU, and either WT, AGE, marbling, or quality grade resulted in R(2) values similar to those with only FTU, indicating the strong influence of fat on retail yields. These results indicate that ultrasonic predictors explained about 10% less variation in retail product percentage than did carcass measures. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI & FOOD TECHNOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ANIM SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. NR 23 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1725 EP 1734 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RB478 UT WOS:A1995RB47800022 PM 7673066 ER PT J AU LANSDELL, JL MILLER, MF WHEELER, TL KOOHMARAIE, M RAMSEY, CB AF LANSDELL, JL MILLER, MF WHEELER, TL KOOHMARAIE, M RAMSEY, CB TI POSTMORTEM INJECTION OF CALCIUM-CHLORIDE EFFECTS ON BEEF QUALITY TRAITS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF; CALCIUM CHLORIDE; COLOR; FLAVOR; INDUSTRY; TENDERNESS ID OVINE CARCASSES; TENDERNESS; TENDERIZATION; ACCELERATION; INFUSION; TIME AB Twenty-two Bos indicus type steers were commercially slaughtered, and their carcasses were chilled and processed to determine the effects of injecting calcium chloride (CaCl2) on beef steak palatability and quality traits. Top loin and inside round subprimals were removed from each carcass using industry fabrication procedures. No injection (control) or injection of 200 mM CaCl2 at 5% (wt/wt) was applied at 30 h postmortem to subprimals from alternating right and left sides. After vacuum storage for 7 d postmortem at 2 degrees C, 2.54-cm thick steaks were cut from each subprimal. Eighty-six percent of the control longissimus lumborum (LL) steaks and 78% of the semimembranosus (SM) control steaks had Warner-Bratzler (WBS) values > 4.5 kg, and the injection of CaCl2 reduced this percentage to 43 and 24%, respectively. The injection of CaCl2 improved (P < .05) trained sensory tenderness ratings for both LL and SM, while not affecting (P > .05) flavor intensity or causing any off-flavor problems (P > .05), compared with the controls. Lean color scores for the LL were not affected (P > .05) by the injection of CaCl2, but SM lean color was lighter red (P < .05) than controls. Therefore, a 5% (wt/wt) injection of 200 mM CaCl2 solution can be applied under commercial conditions to improve beef steak tenderness and reduce tenderness variation without detrimental effects on other palatability or quality traits. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI & FOOD TECHNOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 17 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1735 EP 1740 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RB478 UT WOS:A1995RB47800023 PM 7673067 ER PT J AU BAUER, ML HARMON, DL MCLEOD, KR HUNTINGTON, GB AF BAUER, ML HARMON, DL MCLEOD, KR HUNTINGTON, GB TI ADAPTATION TO SMALL-INTESTINAL STARCH ASSIMILATION AND GLUCOSE-TRANSPORT IN RUMINANTS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RUMINANT; STARCH; GLUCOSE; PHLORHIZIN; ABSORPTION; SMALL INTESTINE ID HEPATIC NUTRIENT FLUX; NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS; ALFALFA HAY; BEEF STEERS; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; NET ABSORPTION; BLOOD-FLOW; METABOLISM; DIGESTION; TISSUES AB Four crossbred steers (380 +/- 6 kg) and seven Polypay wethers (40.3 +/- .6 kg) fitted with hepatic venous, hepatic portal, mesenteric venous and arterial, ruminal, and abomasal (steers) or duodenal (wethers) catheters were used in two crossover design experiments to evaluate adaptation to small intestinal starch and glucose transport. Steers were fed 8.6 kg/d and sheep were fed .9 kg/d of alfalfa hay in 12 equal portions and infused with an alpha-amylase partial starch hydrolysate (SH) either postruminally (adapted) or ruminally (unadapted) for 4 (steers; 40 g/h) or 5 (sheep; 6 g/h) days before measuring splanchnic flux of metabolites. On the day of flux measurements, ruminal SH infusion was switched to the postruminal site in unadapted animals. Flux measurements were made 3 to 6 h after switching infusion site for steers and 2 to 5 h for sheep. Phlorizin, a competitive inhibitor of Na/glucose cotransport, was then postruminally infused (550 and 500 mu mol/h for Steers and sheep, respectively) and flux measurements repeated from h 9 to 12 (steers) and h 7 to 10 (sheep). In the steers, adaptation increased (P less than or equal to 1.09) portal-drained visceral (PDV) glucose release 26 mmol/h and decreased hepatic uptake of lactate 20 mmol/h. Abomasal infusion of phlorizin decreased (P = .01) net PDV glucose flux 40 mmol/h and concomitantly increased (P = .05) hepatic release of glucose by 47 mmol/h. In sheep, duodenal infusion of phlorizin increased (P less than or equal to .005) portal and hepatic blood flow and decreased (P less than or equal to .02) PDV release of glucose and lactate by 9 and .4 mmol/h, respectively. The liver released 4.2 mmol/h more (P = .09) glucose and removed 3.2 mmol/h more lactate (P = .001); arterial glucose decreased (P = .003) .75 mM in response to phlorizin. Phlorizin also caused loss of glucose in the urine of sheep (.09 mmol/h). Adaptation did not alter net splanchnic flux of glucose, lactate, oxygen, or alpha-amino N. These studies indicate that ruminants maintain the Na/glucose cotransporter when consuming Little preformed alpha-glucosidic polymers and that the Liver increases glucose release to compensate for reduced PDV delivery of glucose to maintain glucose homeostasis. In addition, the steers maintain at least 960 mmol/d and the sheep maintain at least 216 mmol/d of glucose transport capability regardless of adaptation. Steers (Exp. 1) adapted to luminal starch by delivering more glucose to the liver, whereas sheep (Exp. 2) did not deliver more glucose to the Liver and;may have increased visceral glucose utilization. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT ANIM SCI,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 45 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1828 EP 1838 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RB478 UT WOS:A1995RB47800035 PM 7673078 ER PT J AU HUME, ME NISBET, DJ SCANLAN, CM CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR AF HUME, ME NISBET, DJ SCANLAN, CM CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR TI FERMENTATION OF RADIOLABELED SUBSTRATES BY BATCH CULTURES OF CECAL MICROFLORA MAINTAINED IN A CONTINUOUS-FLOW CULTURE SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LARGE INTESTINAL FLORA; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GNOTOBIOTIC MICE; GUT MICROFLORA; CECAL CONTENTS; CHICKS; INFECTION; BACTERIA AB Glucose- and lactose-based media containing either C-14-labelled glucose, galactose, lactose or lactic acid were inoculated with anaerobic cultures of chicken caecal bacteria maintained for 121 d in a continuous-flow (CF) culture. The culture was previously shown to reduce Salmonella colonization in the caeca of chicks inoculated with the culture and the reduction was associated with increases in volatile fatty acids. The distributions of C-14 were determined among the fermentation products, especially acetic, propionic and lactic acids. After 12 h of incubation and fermentation, variations were observed in the total amounts of C-14, from each C-14-labelled substrate, detected as acetic and propionic acids in the glucose- and lactose-based media, respectively: 92.9 and 89.4% of C-14-glucose, 77.0 and 44.0% of C-14-galactose, 0.0 and 76.9% of C-14-lactose, and 76.5 and 93.2% of lactic acid in the two media, respectively. The results from this study indicate that carbohydrate metabolism by the CF culture was a major source of acetic and propionic acids and that lactic acid was an important metabolic intermediate for the synthesis of the volatile fatty acids. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,TEXAS VET MED CTR,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP HUME, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0021-8847 J9 J APPL BACTERIOL JI J. Appl. Bacteriol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 78 IS 6 BP 677 EP 683 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1995.tb03115.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA RC671 UT WOS:A1995RC67100014 PM 7615424 ER PT J AU FFOLLIOTT, PF GOTTFRIED, GJ RIETVELD, WJ AF FFOLLIOTT, PF GOTTFRIED, GJ RIETVELD, WJ TI DRYLAND FORESTRY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Review DE ARIDITY; FORESTRY; FOREST PRODUCTS; FOREST IMPLEMENTATION; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AB Dryland forestry is concerned with the management of trees and shrubs for sustainable development of dryland regions of the world. Applications of dryland forestry include the production of wood for fuel, poles and posts, and building materials; fruit and nut production; fodder, browse, and forage production; modification of local microclimates for improved agricultural crop production; and protection of lands susceptible to water or wind erosion, etc. These applications are combined into land-use practices linked to people's needs and social values. Dryland forestry, therefore, can be defined more broadly as the management and often establishment of trees and shrubs to improve the livelihood and quality of life for people in dryland regions. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP FFOLLIOTT, PF (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,SCH RENEWABLE NAT RESOURCES,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 2 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1016/S0140-1963(05)80065-5 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RF903 UT WOS:A1995RF90300003 ER PT J AU KRALL, EA PARRY, P LICHTER, JB DAWSONHUGHES, B AF KRALL, EA PARRY, P LICHTER, JB DAWSONHUGHES, B TI VITAMIN-D-RECEPTOR ALLELES AND RATES OF BONE LOSS - INFLUENCES OF YEARS SINCE MENOPAUSE AND CALCIUM INTAKE SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HEALTHY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; DIETARY CALCIUM; MINERAL DENSITY; HIP FRACTURE; SUPPLEMENTATION; SPINE; MASS; DETERMINANTS; RADIUS; RISK AB A genetic marker for the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor (VDR) is reported to account for much of the heritable component of bone density. It is not known whether VDR genotype influences bone accretion or loss, or how it is related to calcium metabolism. The VDR genotype was determined in 229 healthy postmenopausal women who previously participated in a calcium trial. VDR alleles were designated according to presence Cb) or absence (B) of the BsmI restriction enzyme cutting site. There were 83 bb, 102 Bb, and 44 BB individuals. Two-thirds of the women took 500 mg of calcium supplement (mean calcium intake = 892 mg/day) and one-third a placebo (mean = 376 mg/day). Bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck, spine, and radius were measured by dual- and single-photon absorptiometry at baseline and after 1 and 2 years. Among women more than 10 years postmenopausal, those with the BE genotype had the lowest femoral neck BMD. Rates of bone loss over 2 years were greater in the BE group at all sites (e.g., at the femoral neck, bb, 0.45 +/- 0.43; Bb, -0.01 +/- 0.40; BB, -0.99 +/- 0.05%/year; BB vs. bb, p = 0.01), and this trend was found both in women <10 years since menopause (e.g., at the radius, bb, 0.43 +/- 0.47; Bb, -0.37 +/- 0.42; BB, -1.20 +/- 0.59% per year; BB vs. bb, p = 0.02) and those greater than or equal to 10 years (radius, bb, -0.71 +/- 0.41; Bb, 0.08 +/- 0.39; BB, -1.41 +/- 0.49% per year; BB vs. Bb, p < 0.01). At the femoral neck bone loss appeared to be modified by calcium intake (e.g., in the BE genotype: +0.03 +/- 0.61 in supplemented vs. -2.01 a 0.75%/year in placebo, in bb: 0.57 +/- 0.58 vs. 0.32 +/- 0.47%/year; interaction term p = 0.09), and this trend was also present in both early and late menopause. Rates of change at the radius and spine in BE were not significantly influenced by calcium at the intake levels of this study group. These results indicate that postmenopausal bone loss is influenced by the VDR genotype and suggest the adverse effect of the susceptible allele at the hip may be reduced by raising calcium intake. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,CALCIUM & BONE METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. SEQUANA THERAPEUT INC,LA JOLLA,CA. NR 27 TC 223 Z9 226 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 10 IS 6 BP 978 EP 984 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RM876 UT WOS:A1995RM87600019 PM 7572323 ER PT J AU FLEET, JC HARRIS, SS WOOD, RJ DAWSONHUGHES, B AF FLEET, JC HARRIS, SS WOOD, RJ DAWSONHUGHES, B TI THE BSMI VITAMIN-D-RECEPTOR RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM (BB) PREDICTS LOW BONE-DENSITY IN PREMENOPAUSAL BLACK-AND-WHITE WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note ID RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; MINERAL DENSITY; MASS; AGE; VARIABILITY; ADULTS AB We conducted a study to determine whether a recently described restriction fragment length polymorphism in the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR-RFLP) predicts bone mineral density (BMD) in unrelated, premenopausal women as well as to determine the racial contribution to any genotypic influences on BMD. White (n = 83) and black (n = 72) women between 20 and 40 years of age were genotyped based on the presence (b) or absence (B) of a BsmI restriction enzyme site in the VDR gene, and BMD in the lumbar spine and femur neck was determined for each subject. There were 16 BE, 73 Bb, and 66 bb women. No significant difference was observed in genotypic distribution between the racial groups. The interaction of race by genotype on age- and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted BMD was not significant at either site. Age- and BMI-adjusted BMD was higher in black women at the spine (by 7.2%, p = 0.046) and femur neck (7.3% higher, p = 0.004). In the group as a whole, mean BMD in the femur neck was lower in the BE women than the bb (by 8.1%, p = 0.034) or Bb women (by 9.3%, p = 0.015) after controlling for age, BMI, race, and the race by genotype interaction. Adjusted lumbar spine BMD was lower in the BE women than the Bb women (6.4% lower, p = 0.036) in the group as a whole. No differences were detected between Bb and bb women at either site. A similar pattern of low BMD at the femur neck and the lumbar spine was seen in BE women of both races. These data provide support for an association between low bone density and the BE genotype in a racially mixed, premenopausal population and suggests that this genotype may limit peak bone mass. Furthermore, racial differences in BMD appear to be independent from the VDR genotype. C1 TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,CALCIUM & BONE METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP FLEET, JC (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,RM 824 HNRCA,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 35 TC 170 Z9 171 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 10 IS 6 BP 985 EP 990 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RM876 UT WOS:A1995RM87600020 PM 7572324 ER PT J AU SERGEANT, S JOHNSON, WT AF SERGEANT, S JOHNSON, WT TI IRON AND COPPER REQUIREMENTS FOR PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF A HUMAN PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA-CELL LINE (HL-60) SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEFICIENCY ALTERS PROTEIN; DIETARY COPPER; RETINOIC ACID; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; GROWTH; RATS; SERUM; CULTURE; MICE; REPLACEMENT AB Trace mineral deficiencies tend to have profound effects on the integrity of formed blood elements. Anemia and neutropenia are commonly seen in copper (Cu) deficiency. We therefore developed a serum-free medium to examine the trace mineral requirements, in particular iron and Cu, For proliferation and retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells. This defined medium (DFM) was composed of Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (IMDM) supplemented with insulin and human apo-transferrin (each at 5 mu g/ml) and 1.4 mu M FeSO4. The iron concentration range for optimal cellular proliferation was narrow (2-3 mu M). HL-60 cells could be maintained in DFM for 15 passages with a doubling time of 38-40 hr. The Cu content of IMDM was very low. Thus, by the fourth passage in DFM, the activity of cuproenzymes (cytochrome c oxidase, CCO; and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, CuZnSOD) began to decline. Supplementation of DFM with CuSO4 (50 nM) restored enzyme activities. Treatment of cells with a Cu chelator (tetrathiomolybdate, 1 mu M) rapidly reduced the activities of both CCO and CuZnSOD. Over the Cu concentration range examined (5-350 nM), Cu supplementation had little effect on HL-60 proliferation. Cell retained the ability to differentiate along the granulocytic pathway when treated with RA, but seemed to be less sensitive to the inducing agent except at the highest concentration tested (1 mu M). This decreased sensitivity to RA did not seem to be related to the Cu status of the cells but rather to the absence of a component of serum. Indeed, cells grown in DFM regained their sensitivity to RA when allowed to differentiate in IMDM with 5% serum. These data indicate that the processes of growth and terminal differentiation in HL-60 cells are not greatly influenced by Cu. Thus, it seems likely that the insult resulting in neutropenia which is associated with Cu deficiency may occur earlier than the promyelocytic stage. However, the possibility that the mechanisms contributing to neutropenia may be unrelated to primary defects in the biochemistry of neutrophil maturation cannot be ruled out. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-9541 J9 J CELL PHYSIOL JI J. Cell. Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 163 IS 3 BP 477 EP 485 DI 10.1002/jcp.1041630307 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA QY604 UT WOS:A1995QY60400006 PM 7775591 ER PT J AU BENHAMMOUDA, M KREMER, RJ MINOR, HC SARWAR, M AF BENHAMMOUDA, M KREMER, RJ MINOR, HC SARWAR, M TI A CHEMICAL BASIS FOR DIFFERENTIAL ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF SORGHUM HYBRIDS ON WHEAT SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOASSAYS; PHENOLIC ACIDS; PHYTOTOXICITY; SORGHUM-BICOLOR L MOENCH ID PHYTOTOXICITY; CULTIVARS; ALFALFA; BICOLOR; FIBER AB The basis for differential allelopathic potentials among sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) hybrids was investigated by conducting quantitative and qualitative studies of their phenolic contents. Total phenolic content in sorghum plant parts varied within hybrids, among hybrids, and between growing seasons. Inhibition of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) radicle growth was positively associated (r = 0.66) with concentrations of total phenolics contained in plant parts. Extracts from culms contributed the highest proportion of toxicity from sorghum plants, inhibiting radicle growth up to 74.7$%. Concentrations of five phenolic acids, p-hydroxybenzoic (POH), vanillic (VAN), syringic (SYR), p-coumaric (PCO), and ferulic (FER), differed in all plant parts of the three sorghum hybrids. Concentrations of POH, VAN, and SYR were consistently higher than PCO and FER. PCO and FER were absent from some plant parts, with FER being the most frequently missing. Inhibition of wheat radicle growth was found to be positively associated with the concentration of each phenolic acid. Vanillic acid was most highly associated (r = 0.44) with inhibition. Thus, above-ground sorghum tissues contained phenolic acids that contributed to allelopatic potential. Additionally, sorghum roots exuded POH, VAN, and SYR that may enhance the overall allelopathic potential of sorghum during growth and after harvest when residues remain on the soil surface or are incorporated prior to planting a subsequent crop. C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 23 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 7 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 21 IS 6 BP 775 EP 786 DI 10.1007/BF02033460 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RE399 UT WOS:A1995RE39900007 PM 24234317 ER PT J AU TEAL, PEA HEATH, RR DUEBEN, BD COFFELT, JA VICK, KW AF TEAL, PEA HEATH, RR DUEBEN, BD COFFELT, JA VICK, KW TI PRODUCTION AND RELEASE OF (Z,E)-9,12-TETRADECADIENAL BY SEX-PHEROMONE GLANDS OF FEMALES OF PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; SEX PHEROMONE; PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS; INDIAN MEAL MOTH ID INDIAN MEAL MOTH; HELIOTHIS-SUBFLEXA; ALMOND MOTH; NOCTUIDAE; IDENTIFICATION AB Extracts of sex pheromone glands obtained from females of Plodia interpunctella contained detectable amounts of (Z,E)-9, 12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate (Z9, E12-14:Ac) and (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol (Z9,E12-14: OH) 4 hr prior to the first scotophase after adult emergence. The amount of pheromone increased during the first 4 hr of the scotophase and then declined to low levels during the subsequent photophase. Decapitation of females immediately after emergence, prior to expansion of the wings, inhibited production of pheromone during the subsequent 48 hr. Injection of extracts of the heads of 1-day-old females of P. interpunctella of partially purified extracts of the cephalic ganglia of females of the corn earworm moth into decapitated females stimulated production of both Z9,E12-14: Ac and Z9,E12-14:OH as well as production of (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienal (Z9,E12-14:Al). This aldehyde was subsequently identified from extracts of pheromone glands obtained from naturally calling females as well as from volatiles emitted by calling females. Studies on the terminal steps in biosynthesis of the pheromone showed that Z9,E12-14:OH was produced from the corresponding acetate and that Z9,E12-14:Al was produced from the alcohol via the action of an oxidase(s). RP TEAL, PEA (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSEC ATTRACTANTS BEHAVIOR & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,1700 SW 23 DR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 21 IS 6 BP 787 EP 799 DI 10.1007/BF02033461 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RE399 UT WOS:A1995RE39900008 PM 24234318 ER PT J AU PUE, KJ BLUM, U GERIG, TM SHAFER, SR AF PUE, KJ BLUM, U GERIG, TM SHAFER, SR TI MECHANISM BY WHICH NONINHIBITORY CONCENTRATIONS OF GLUCOSE INCREASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF P-COUMARIC ACID ON MORNING-GLORY SEEDLING BIOMASS ACCUMULATION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MORNING GLORY; IPOMOEA-HEDERACEA; P-COUMARIC ACID; GLUCOSE; METHIONINE; PHENYLALANINE; P-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID; ALLELOPATHIC INTERACTIONS; MICROBIAL SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION ID SOIL AB Noninhibitory levels of glucose-C ]less-than-or-equal-to 72 mug carbon (C)/g soil[ increased the inhibitory activity of p-coumaric acid on morning-glory seedling biomass accumulation in Cecil B(t)-horizon soil. The amount of p-coumaric acid required for a given level of inhibition of shoot and seedling biomass accumulation decreased as the concentration of glucose increased. Soil extractions with neutral EDTA (0.25 M, pH 7) after addition of combinations of p-coumaric acid and glucose (concentrations ranging from 0 to 1.25 mumol/g soil) to the soil showed that utilization of p-coumaric acid by microbes decreased linearly as the concentration of glucose increased. The increased inhibitory activity of a given concentration of p-coumaric acid in the presence of glucose was not due to a reduction in soil sorption of p-coumaric acid or effects of nitrogen-limited microbial growth. Noninhibitory levels of phenyl-alanine and p-hydroxybenzoic acid slowed the utilization of p-coumaric acid by microbes in a similar manner as glucose. The presence of methionine, however, did not affect the rate of p-coumaric acid utilization by microbes. These observations suggest that differential utilization of individual molecules in organic mixtures by soil microbes can modify, and in this case increase, the effectiveness of a given concentration of an inhibitor such as p-coumaric acid on the inhibition of seedling growth such as morning-glory. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 13 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 21 IS 6 BP 833 EP 847 DI 10.1007/BF02033464 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RE399 UT WOS:A1995RE39900011 PM 24234321 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, JL BUTTERFIELD, GE MARCUS, R HINTZ, RL VANLOAN, M GHIRON, L HOFFMAN, AR AF THOMPSON, JL BUTTERFIELD, GE MARCUS, R HINTZ, RL VANLOAN, M GHIRON, L HOFFMAN, AR TI THE EFFECTS OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR-I AND GROWTH-HORMONE ON BODY-COMPOSITION IN ELDERLY WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID IGF-BINDING PROTEINS; MEN; BALANCE; PLASMA; ADULTS AB The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of recombinant human GH (rhGH; 0.025 mg/kg . day) and one of two doses of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I (rhIGF-I; 0.015 and 0.060 mg/kg, twice daily) on body composition in elderly women. Sixteen healthy elderly women (mean age +/- SEM, 71.9 +/- 1.3 yr) were randomly assigned to receive either rhGH (GH; n = 5), low dose rhIGF-I (n = 6), or high dose rhIGF-I (n = 5). A a-week predrug baseline period was followed by 4 weeks of hormone treatment, with a standardized diet fed throughout. All groups experienced a significant increase in serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels over the treatment period, accompanied by significant decreases in IGF-II (P < 0.05). Fat mass decreased in all groups, with significant increases in lean body mass and nitrogen retention occurring in the high dose IGF and GH groups. Total body water did not change, whereas increases observed in intracellular fluid approached significance (P = 0.06). These anabolic changes were accompanied by numerous negative side-effects in the GH and high dose IGF groups, including headaches, lethargy, joint swelling/pain, and bloatedness. The low IGF dose was well tolerated. These results demonstrate that the administration of rhGH and rhIGF-I for 4 weeks results in anabolic changes in body composition in elderly women. C1 DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR, MED SERV, PALO ALTO, CA 94304 USA. DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR, AGING STUDY UNIT, PALO ALTO, CA 94304 USA. STANFORD UNIV, DEPT MED, PALO ALTO, CA 94304 USA. STANFORD UNIV, DEPT PEDIAT, PALO ALTO, CA 94304 USA. USDA, WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94129 USA. RP THOMPSON, JL (reprint author), DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR, CTR GERIATR RES EDUC & CLIN, 182B, 3801 MIRANDA AVE, PALO ALTO, CA 94304 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-10999, AG-05638] NR 29 TC 130 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X EI 1945-7197 J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 80 IS 6 BP 1845 EP 1852 DI 10.1210/jc.80.6.1845 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RC751 UT WOS:A1995RC75100017 PM 7539817 ER PT J AU BRICKER, BJ HALLING, SM AF BRICKER, BJ HALLING, SM TI ENHANCEMENT OF THE BRUCELLA AMOS PCR ASSAY FOR DIFFERENTIATION OF BRUCELLA-ABORTUS VACCINE STRAINS S19 AND RB51 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note AB Because the brucellosis eradication program uses slaughter and quarantine as control measures, it would benefit from faster methods of bacterial identification. Distinguishing vaccine strains from strains that cause infections among vaccinated herds in the field is essential. To accomplish this, our PCR-based, species-specific assay (B. J. Bricker and S. M. Halling, J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:2660-2666, 1994) was updated to identify Brucella abortus vaccine strains S19 and RB51. Three new oligonucleotide primers were added to the five-primer multiplex Brucella AMOS PCR assay. Identification is based on the number and sizes of six products amplified by PCR. RP BRICKER, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,230 DAYTON RD,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 10 TC 100 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1640 EP 1642 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QZ723 UT WOS:A1995QZ72300043 PM 7650203 ER PT J AU HSU, JT SATTER, LD AF HSU, JT SATTER, LD TI PROCEDURES FOR MEASURING THE QUALITY OF HEAT-TREATED SOYBEANS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MAILLARD PRODUCTS; PROTEIN DISPERSIBILITY INDEX; RUMEN; ROASTED SOYBEANS ID EARLY LACTATION; DAIRY-COWS; RUMEN; INVITRO; FIBER AB Soybeans were subjected to 12 heat treatments, differing in temperature and steeping (conditioning) time: control (no heat); 110 degrees C, 0 min; 110 degrees C, 30 min; 123 degrees C, 0 min; 123 degrees C, 30 min; 135 degrees C, 0 min; 135 degrees C, 30 min; 146 degrees C, 0 min; 146 degrees C, 15 min; 146 degrees C, 30 min; 153 degrees C, 30 min; and 160 degrees C, 30 min. These soybean treatments were tested for protein dispersibility index, absorbance at 420 nm, ADIN, pepsin-insoluble N, and in situ and in vitro protein degradation. Seven of these treatments (control; 123 degrees C, 30 min; 135 degrees C, 0 min; 135 degrees C, 30 min; 146 degrees C, 0 min; 146 degrees C, 30 min; and 153 degrees C, 30 min) were used in a feeding study involving 21 Holstein heifers (7 x 7 Latin square design replicated three times) and a lactation experiment (7 x 7 Latin square design replicated two times) using 14 multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation. Concentrations of branched-chain AA in blood plasma were used as indicators of protein uptake from the intestine in the heifer study, and production of 3.5% FCM was used to evaluate soybean treatments in the lactation study. Based on the criteria used, soybeans heated to 146 degrees C for 30 min were considered to be optimal. The protein dispersibility index and absorbance at 420 nm proved useful in evaluation of heat exposure of soybeans, and these procedures are suggested for routine monitoring of quality of commercially heated soybeans. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 17 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci PD JUN PY 1995 VL 78 IS 6 BP 1353 EP 1361 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76757-1 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA RF385 UT WOS:A1995RF38500018 PM 7673525 ER PT J AU POWELL, RL WIGGANS, GR AF POWELL, RL WIGGANS, GR TI HOLSTEIN CONVERSION EQUATIONS BASED ON POPULATION VARIANCES AND A FULL-BROTHER MODEL SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CONVERSION; GENETIC EVALUATION; POPULATION VARIANCE; FAMILY ID SIRES AB A full-brother method was used to develop conversion equations that predict US Holstein PTA for milk, fat, and protein yields from French EBV. Regression coefficients were ratios of genetic standard deviations of sires for the two populations adjusted for the genetic correlation between countries. Based on data from full brothers, the regression coefficients were used to determine the base differences of countries (intercepts), scaled to the variation in the importing country. Full-brother equations also were developed to convert evaluations from Canada and The Netherlands to US equivalent so that the full-brother method could be compared with traditional methods. Genetic correlation with the US was assumed to be .9 for French data and 1.0 for data from Canada and The Netherlands. Standard deviations for the populations were computed from nearly 5900 US bulls and about 2000 bulls from each of the other countries. The US had 178 full-brother families in common with France, 123 in common with Canada, and 46 in common with The Netherlands. For conversion of Canadian evaluations to a US equivalent, regression coefficients from the full-brother method were 20% lower than from the Goddard method and 25% lower than from the Wilmink method. RP POWELL, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci PD JUN PY 1995 VL 78 IS 6 BP 1362 EP 1368 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76758-3 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA RF385 UT WOS:A1995RF38500019 ER PT J AU DICKEY, LC CRAIG, JC RADEWONUK, ER MCALOON, AJ HOLSINGER, VH AF DICKEY, LC CRAIG, JC RADEWONUK, ER MCALOON, AJ HOLSINGER, VH TI LOW-TEMPERATURE CONCENTRATION OF SKIM MILK BY DIRECT FREEZING AND VACUUM EVAPORATION SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FREEZE CONCENTRATION; SKIM MILK; COST; TASTE ID DAIRY-PRODUCTS; WHEY PROTEINS AB Skim milk was concentrated to approximately 20% TS by direct freezing and ice filtration. The concentrate was vacuum evaporated to 45% TS with the same equipment. Protein denaturation was minimal during concentration. Surface tension of milk samples was measured during concentration close to 0 degrees C. The process cost for plants of various sizes were estimated from pilot plant data. The estimated cost and the good quality of the reconstituted skim milk support the recommendation that the process should undergo further development. RP DICKEY, LC (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci PD JUN PY 1995 VL 78 IS 6 BP 1369 EP 1376 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76759-5 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA RF385 UT WOS:A1995RF38500020 ER PT J AU MARTIN, SH ELZEN, GW GRAVES, JB MICINSKI, S LEONARD, BR BURRIS, E AF MARTIN, SH ELZEN, GW GRAVES, JB MICINSKI, S LEONARD, BR BURRIS, E TI TOXICOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF TOBACCO BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) FROM LOUISIANA, MISSISSIPPI, AND TEXAS TO SELECTED INSECTICIDES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELIOTHIS VIRESCENS; TOBACCO BUDWORM; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; FIELD POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; TOXICITY AB Topical application bioassays of cypermethrin, methomyl, profenofos, and sulprofos were done with the Louisiana State University laboratory strain (LSU-LAB) and field-collected strains of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), from Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. The field-collected strains showed low to high levels of resistance to cypermethrin (2- to 41-fold), low to moderate levels of resistance to profenofos and sulprofos (2- to 8-fold) and low to moderate levels of resistance to methomyl (2- to 8-fold) compared with the LSU-LAB strain. Spray chamber bioassays indicated reduced efficacy of cypermethrin, endosulfan, profenofos, and thiodicarb against the field-collected strains of H. virescens when their responses were compared with responses of the Stoneville laboratory strain. C1 USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,RED RIVER RES STN,BOSSIER CITY,LA 71113. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,NE RES STN,WINNSBORO,LA 71295. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,NE RES STN,ST JOSEPH,LA 71366. RP MARTIN, SH (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,DEPT ENTOMOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 88 IS 3 BP 505 EP 511 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RA817 UT WOS:A1995RA81700010 ER PT J AU BAKER, JE WEAVER, DK THRONE, JE ZETTLER, JL AF BAKER, JE WEAVER, DK THRONE, JE ZETTLER, JL TI RESISTANCE TO PROTECTANT INSECTICIDES IN 2 FIELD STRAINS OF THE STORED-PRODUCT INSECT PARASITOID BRACON-HEBETOR (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BRACON HEBETOR; PROTECTANTS; RESISTANCE ID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES HYMENOPTERA; PESTICIDE RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; RED SCALE; COLEOPTERA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; AZINPHOSMETHYL; PTEROMALIDAE; MALATHION; SELECTION AB Field strains of the parasitoid Bracon (Habrobracon) hebetor Sav (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) collected in corn and peanut storage facilities in Blackville, SC, and Hawkinsville, GA, were 7.6- and 7.3-fold more resistant to malathion, respectively, than was a laboratory strain with which they were compared. We detected much higher levels of malathion resistance (>270-fold that of a susceptible strain) in a pyralid host Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) collected at the same facilities. Results of serial time-response bioassys with a single pesticide dose indicated that adult males of the Blackville (SCC) strain of B. hebetor were significantly more sensitive to malathion than were females, perhaps because of their smaller (1.3-fold) size (weight). In the timed bioassay, sensitivities of laboratory and SCC strains of the parasitoid to several common grain protectants were chlorpyrifos-methyl > pirimiphosmethyl > deltamethrin > cyfluthrin > malathion. The SCC strain of B. hebector was significantly more tolerant of deltamethrin, cyfluthrin, and malathion, compared with the laboratory strain. S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) synergized malathion against the SCC strain but was slightly toxic by itself. Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) substantially delayed the toxicity of malathion in the SCC strain. We discuss the relatively low level of resistance development in B. hebetor, compared with that of the host P. interpunctella, in terms of the behavioral af ecology of host location by the parasitoid. C1 USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31405. USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727. NR 40 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 88 IS 3 BP 512 EP 519 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RA817 UT WOS:A1995RA81700011 ER PT J AU ZHONG, H HASTINGS, FL HAIN, FP HOLSTEN, EH WERNER, RA AF ZHONG, H HASTINGS, FL HAIN, FP HOLSTEN, EH WERNER, RA TI RATE OF PENETRATION AND RESIDUAL TOXICOKINETICS OF CARBARYL ON SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE AND SPRUCE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS; DENDROCTONUS RUFIPENNIS; RESIDUAL TOXICOKINETICS AB Carbaryl-naphthyl-1-C-14 (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate) was topically applied in acetone to the prothorax of adult southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, and spruce beetle, D. rufipennis (Kirby). The rate of penetration of carbaryl into both species is best described by an open, two-compartment model. The residual toxicokinetics model was established to compare the biphasic rate of penetration of carbaryl within these beetles. The estimated exoskeleton residual half-life of the slow phase (phase II) for the southern pine beetle was 90 h or 13 times that of the spruce beetle (7 h). At 8 h, the accumulation of radioactivity internally for the spruce beetle was almost double the amount for the southern pine beetle. The amount of methanolic unextractable compounds was similar for both beetle species; unextractable compounds increased as incubation times increased. LD(50) levels for carbaryl indicated that the spruce beetle was more susceptible to carbaryl than the southern pine beetle. This information and results of the toxicity tests suggest that decreased exoskeletal penetration may be one of the major mechanisms of southern pine beetle tolerance to carbaryl. C1 HARBOR BRANCH OCEANOG INST INC, FT PIERCE, FL 34946 USA. US FOREST SERV, FOREST HLTH MANAGEMENT ALASKA REG, ANCHORAGE, AK 99501 USA. US FOREST SERV, INST NO FORESTRY, PACIFIC NW RES STN, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775 USA. RP ZHONG, H (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 88 IS 3 BP 543 EP 550 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RA817 UT WOS:A1995RA81700016 ER PT J AU CHAN, HT JANG, EB AF CHAN, HT JANG, EB TI DIET PH EFFECTS ON MASS REARING OF MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CERATITIS CAPITATA; PH; MASS REARING AB The effects of dietary pH on larval development of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), were studied in laboratory and pilot scale mass-rearing operations. Laboratory scale diets were formulated at eight different initial pHs ranging from 3.2 to 8.0, and the effect on larvae were evaluated based on larval development time and pupal yield. Optimal larval development occurred at pH 5.0-5.5 and pupal yield was highest between 3.2 and 5.5. Diet pHs of 6.0 or higher were found to delay larval development and reduce pupal survival. Diet pHs of 3.2 and 4.0 also delayed larval development. Pilot-scale evaluations were subsequently conducted at pH 4.0 and 5.0 and compared with the normal Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service production diet for cumulative yield and pupal weight. Optimal diet pH for pupal size, larval yield, and rapid development was determined to be 5.0 in pilot-scale tests. Optimizing physiochemical factors such as pH can improve overall yield of mass-reared C. capitata. RP CHAN, HT (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,POB 4450,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 88 IS 3 BP 569 EP 573 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RA817 UT WOS:A1995RA81700020 ER PT J AU DANKA, RG VILLA, JD RINDERER, TE DELATTE, GT AF DANKA, RG VILLA, JD RINDERER, TE DELATTE, GT TI FIELD-TEST OF RESISTANCE TO ACARAPIS-WOODI (ACARI, TARSONEMIDAE) AND OF COLONY PRODUCTION BY 4 STOCKS OF HONEY-BEES (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE APIS MELLIFERA; ACARAPIS WOODI; GENETIC RESISTANCE ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; TRACHEAL MITES; INFESTATION; RENNIE; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Characteristics of four stocks of honey bees, Apis mellifera L., were evaluated in colonies managed commercially for honey production at three U.S. locations-one northcentral location (Iowa) and two south-central locations (Mississippi, Texas). Stocks were compared for 1 yr beginning in October 1991 to determine the levels of infestation by tracheal mites, Acarapis woodi (Rennie), and to ascertain survival rates, levels of honey production, and sizes of adult and brood populations. Test stocks were ARS-Y-C-1 (A. mellifera carnica Pollman, imported from Yugoslavia), Buckfast (imported from the United Kingdom), Survivor (developed from colonies in a Louisiana apiary believed to have had severe tracheal mite mite infestation), and Unchallenged (developed from a feral Louisiana population never exposed to tracheal mites). Stocks initially were represented by 15-20 colonies at each location. After an initial inoculation of mite-infested bees in the autumn, infestation percentages increased more markedly in the susceptible (Survivor and Unchallenged) stocks than in the resistant (ARS-Y-C-1 and Buckfast) stocks. Mean infestation percentages in the resistant stocks remained <15% and thus were below levels associated with economic damage. Mean infestation percentages in susceptible stocks ranged from 13 to 95% at each site during the final 6 mo of the study. Numbers of mites per infested bee differed between stocks in 4 of 21 samples: mite numbers tended to be greatest in Survivor bees and least in Buckfast bees. Mortality increased more rapidly among susceptible colonies than among resistant colonies as infestation increased in 1992. Honey production was greatest Lv Buckfast, intermediate by Survivor, and least by Unchallenged and ARS-Y-C-1 colonies. Differences in population sizes of adult bees and brood occurred. in approximately half of samples taken in spring:ind autumn; Survivor and Buckfast colonies were most populous. Stock characteristics showed no interaction of genotype with environment, i.e., location. Our results support the feasibility of art approach using genetically regulated resistance to manage problems caused by tracheal mites. RP DANKA, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL RES LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 88 IS 3 BP 584 EP 591 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RA817 UT WOS:A1995RA81700023 ER PT J AU VANDENBERG, JD AF VANDENBERG, JD TI NESTING PREFERENCES OF THE SOLITARY BEE OSMIA-SANRAFAELAE (HYMENOPTERA, MEGACHILIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OSMIA SANRAFAELAE; BEE NESTING; SEX RATIO ID LIGNARIA-PROPINQUA CRESSON; SEX-RATIO; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; POLLINATOR; MORTALITY; PARKER; SIZE; SELECTION; ORCHARDS AB A series of cage studies was used to investigate nesting preferences of Osmia sanrafaelae Parker. Bees preferred nest holes of smaller diameter ill blocks ill the southwest corner of cages. Within multiple-block arrays, nests were more frequent in the lower left corner. The number of cells per nest was lowest in cages with the few est nests in some experiments, but did not vary in others. Nest diameter affected neither the proportion of females produced per nest, nor the size of offspring of either sex. Rather, nesting females constructed cells of varying orientations within nests of different diameters, a process that resulted ill approximately equal cell volumes. In one experiment, tile ses ratio of bees released within cages was varied and influenced tile ses ratio of offspring. Nests within cages in which a higher ratio of males to females was released contained a higher proportion of female offspring. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BEE BIOL & SYSTEMAT LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 88 IS 3 BP 592 EP 599 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RA817 UT WOS:A1995RA81700024 ER PT J AU PUTERKA, GJ SEVERSON, RF AF PUTERKA, GJ SEVERSON, RF TI ACTIVITY OF SUGAR ESTERS ISOLATED FROM LEAF TRICHOMES OF NICOTIANA-GOSSEI TO PEAR PSYLLA (HOMOPTERA, PSYLLIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CACOPSYLLA PYRICOLA; SUGAR ESTER; SPRAY DEVICE ID RESISTANCE AB Insecticidal activity of a sugar ester fraction isolated from leaf trichomes of wild tobacco, Nicotiana gossei Domin, to egg,;nymph, and adult stages of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, was determined in replicated laboratory bioassays. Aqueous solutions of sugar ester concentrations ranging from 62 to 1,000 ppm (mg/liter) were applied by an ultralow-volume spray device to petri dishes containing eggs, nymphs, or adults. Data were recorded on nymphal mortality rates 1, 3, 5, and 7 d after treatment, on the percentage of eggs hatched 7 d after treatment, on the mortality rates of eclosed nymphs 3 d after eclosion (10 d after treatment), and on adult mortality rates 1 d after treatment. Mortality rates did not differ significantly for sugar ester concentrations of 500 and 1,000 ppm, which both produced a mortality rate of greater than or equal to 94% for nymphs and adults 1 d after treatment. Lethal concentration values for sugar esters to pear psylla nymphs and adults differed significantly 1 d after treatment for the LC(50) (90 versus 200 ppm, respectively), but not for the LC(90) (300 versus 400 ppm, respectively). Nymphal mortality rates for each sugar ester concentration did not increase over time significantly 1 d after application, which suggests that the sugar ester is a contact insecticide that is active mainly in the liquid state. The percentage of eggs hatched was not affected by any of the sugar ester treatments 7 d after application. In contrast, the mortality rates of newly eclosed nymphs ranged from 18.7 to 67% for sugar ester concentrations of 62-1,000 ppm. Our data suggest that both nymphs and adults would be equally controlled with sugar ester concentrations high enough to obtain a mortality rate of >90%. These results will be useful in determining the range of sugar ester concentrations for field trials. In addition, an inexpensive ultra-low-volume spray device used in the bioassays is described that is capable of applying microliter amounts of candidate insecticidal materials to target insects. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP PUTERKA, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 88 IS 3 BP 615 EP 619 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RA817 UT WOS:A1995RA81700028 ER PT J AU VARGAS, RI WALSH, WA NISHIDA, T AF VARGAS, RI WALSH, WA NISHIDA, T TI COLONIZATION OF NEWLY PLANTED COFFEE FIELDS - DOMINANCE OF MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY OVER ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CERATITIS CAPITATA; BACTROCERA DORSALIS; COLONIZATION ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; FLIES DIPTERA; ABUNDANCE; KAUAI; PATTERNS; AREAS; OAHU; KULA AB Previous studies in Hawaii indicated that Ceratitis capitatat (Wiedemann), Mediterranean fruit fly, became scarce at low elevations subsequent to accidental introduction of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), oriental fruit fly. The conclusion was that competitive displacement: elevation, and parasites were major determinants in the ranges of these two fruit nics. Recently, commercial coffee, Coffea arabica L., was planted in former sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum L., fields at an elevation of 122 m on Kauai Island, HI. During a 3-yr period we studied colonization of fruits by C. capitata, B. dorsalis, and Biosteres arisamus (Sonan), a beneficial solitary wasp that attacks both species of fruit flies. During seasons 1 and 2, mean numbers of C. capitata were greater than those of B. dorsalis. Lack of an inverse correlation between numbers of the two tephritids emerging from fruits suggested that these species were not competitors. B. arisanus parasitization rates on tile basis of live and dead parasitoids recovered from C. capitata and B. dorsalis pupae were modest. Studies during season 3 indicated B. arisanus parasitization rates were higher for C. capitata than those for B. dorsalis. Numbers of C. capitata and B. arisanus were correlated during both seasons, suggesting a density-dependent relationship between the most abundant host and tile parasitoid. Fruit infestation data demonstrated that C. capitata exploits fruits at an earlier ripeness stage and emerges sooner from fruits than B. dorsalis. Analysis of three annual coffee crops indicated that C. capitata was the dominant fruit fly species in the coffee agroecosystem by the end of the season. This finding differs from previous studies, wherein B. dorsalis was dominant over C. capitata at low elevation. C1 UNIV HAWAII,DEPT ENTOMOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP VARGAS, RI (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,POB 2280,HONOLULU,HI 96804, USA. NR 38 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 14 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 88 IS 3 BP 620 EP 627 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RA817 UT WOS:A1995RA81700029 ER PT J AU PROSHOLD, FI AF PROSHOLD, FI TI REMATING BY GYPSY MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) MATED WITH F-1-STERILE MALES AS A FUNCTION OF SPERM WITHIN THE SPERMATHECA SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA DISPAR; REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY; SUPPRESSION ID FEMALES; DISPAR AB The relationship between sperm content of the spermatheca and the propensity to remate was studied in females of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L). Females were mated with nonirradiated or F-1-sterile males. The quantity of sperm in the spermatheca of females that remated was compared with that of females that did not remate. Nearly all females that received less than a full complement of sperm remated regardless of type of male involved in the first mating. The propensity of females with a full complement of sperm to remate depended on male type. Seventy percent of the females with a full complement of sperm from F-1-sterile males remated, or >4-fold the percentage of females remating after receiving similar quantities of sperm from nonirradiated males. Such remating disparity in nature may impede the chance of eradicating gypsy moth populations by releasing F-1-sterile males. C1 USDA ARS, INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 88 IS 3 BP 644 EP 648 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RA817 UT WOS:A1995RA81700033 ER PT J AU ARMSTRONG, JW HU, BKS BROWN, SA AF ARMSTRONG, JW HU, BKS BROWN, SA TI SINGLE-TEMPERATURE FORCED HOT-AIR QUARANTINE TREATMENT TO CONTROL FRUIT-FLIES (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) IN PAPAYA SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TEPHRITID FRUIT FLIES; PAPAYAS; QUARANTINE TREATMENT ID INFESTATION AB A single air temperature, forced hot-air treatment was developed to control Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedermann), melon fly, Bactruccra cucurbitate (Coquillett), and oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), eggs and larvae in Hawaii-grown papaya, Carica papaya L., 'Kopoho Solo.' The treatment forced 48.5 +/- 0.5 degrees C hot air with 40-60% RH over the papayas until the fruit center temperatures reached 47.2 degrees C. The treatment time required to heat the fruit centers to 47.2 degrees C and provide probit 9 quarantine security was 3.5 +/- 0.25 h. Fruit fly survival occurred in tests using a shorter treatment time of 2.5 +/- 0.25 h although the fruit center temperatures were 47.2 degrees C. When the fruit center temperatures reached 47.2 degrees C, the papayas were immediately hydrocooled until the fruit center temperatures were less than or equal to 30 degrees C. The single air temperature forced hot-dr treatment did not damage the fruit. RP ARMSTRONG, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,PWA,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,POB 4459,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 88 IS 3 BP 678 EP 682 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RA817 UT WOS:A1995RA81700039 ER PT J AU ARMSTRONG, JW SILVA, ST SHISHIDO, VM AF ARMSTRONG, JW SILVA, ST SHISHIDO, VM TI QUARANTINE COLD TREATMENT FOR HAWAIIAN CARAMBOLA FRUIT INFESTED WITH MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY, MELON FLY, OR ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) EGGS AND LARVAE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AVERRHOA CARAMBOLA; TEPHRITID FRUIT FLIES; QUARANTINE TREATMENT ID FLIES DIPTERA; STORAGE AB Cold storage at 1.1 +/- 0.6 degrees C for 12 d was tested as a quarantine treatment against Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann); melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett); and oriental fruit fly, B. dorsalis (Hendel), infesting Hawaiian carambola (starfruit), Averrhoa carambola L. Cold storage for 12 d at 1.1 +/- 0.6 degrees C disinfested '-16', 'Golden Star', 'Kajang', 'Kari', 'Kyra', and 'Sri Kembangan' carambolas of Mediterranean fruit fly, melon fly, and oriental fruit fly eggs and larvae, providing Probit 9 quarantine security. Modified fruit infestation and holding techniques used to obtain adequate estimated treated populations from poor host fruits, such as carambola, are described. RP ARMSTRONG, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,POB 4459,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 88 IS 3 BP 683 EP 687 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RA817 UT WOS:A1995RA81700040 ER PT J AU SHARP, JL AF SHARP, JL TI MORTALITY OF SWEET-POTATO WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, APIONIDAE) STAGES EXPOSED TO GAMMA-IRRADIATION SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CYLAS FORMICARIUS; COBALT 60; POSTHARVEST CONTROL ID SWEET-POTATO WEEVIL; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; CURCULIONIDAE; RADIATION; FRUIT AB Sweetpotato weevil, Clyas formicarius (F.), eggs; first, second, and third instars; pupae; and adults in roots of sweet potato, Ipomoea batalas (L.) Lam., cultivar Jewel, were exposed to gamma irradiation doses ranging from 100 to 1,000 Gy. Criterion of effectiveness of the irradiation dose was based on preventing adults emerging from treated roots infected with different stages of the weevil. Dose-mortality data were analyzed by logistic, Gompertz, and normal probit probability density functions with and without log 10 conversions. Gompertz probability density function analysis gave the best 99.996S% mortality estimates (and 95% FL) against stages of sweetpotato weevil in roots: 37 Gy (35-42 Gy) for eggs (no log 10 conversion); 73 Gy (53-132 Gy) for first instars (log 10 conversion); 38 Gy (31-55 Gy) for second instars (log 10 conversion); 28 Gy (23-45 Gy) for third instars (no log 10 conversion); and 1,497 Gy (963-2,229 Gy) for pupae (log 10 conversion). Pupae irradiated with greater than or equal to 800 Gy produced no adults when efficacy tests were done. Irradiating adults in roots with 1,000 Gy did not prevent adult emergence. However, male exposed to 150 Gy were sterile, and females exposed to 300 Gy were sterile. RP SHARP, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 88 IS 3 BP 688 EP 692 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RA817 UT WOS:A1995RA81700041 ER PT J AU COX, DL KNIGHT, AL BIDDINGER, DJ LASOTA, JA PIKOUNIS, B HULL, LA DYBAS, RA AF COX, DL KNIGHT, AL BIDDINGER, DJ LASOTA, JA PIKOUNIS, B HULL, LA DYBAS, RA TI TOXICITY AND FIELD EFFICACY OF AVERMECTINS AGAINST CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) ON APPLES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C-POMONELLA; APPLE; AVERMECTINS ID TETRANYCHIDAE; PHYTOSEIIDAE; ACARI AB Avermectin compounds were tested in laboratory and field residual bioassays and field efficacy studies to determine their toxicity and effectiveness against codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), larvae. In the laboratory, the LC(50) for MK-0244 was 0.08 ppm. MK-0244 was approximate to 9, 30, and 104 times more toxic than abamectin, azinphosmethyl, and abamectin 8,9-oxide, respectively. Abamectin and MK-0244 were equally effective in reducing larval entries into apples; however, >50-fold increase in concentration of both was required to prevent stings. In contrast, only a 2-fold concentration increase of azinphosmethyl was required for similar effectiveness. Variable sting and entry damage reduction was observed on young versus older apples when treated with avermectins and azinphosmethyl. Older apples treated with avermectins were protected from entry damage for 14 d after application, whereas azinphosmethyl-treated apples had no stings and entries for 7 d and entry damage through 14 d. Under field conditions, single applications of abamectin and MK-0244 versus multiple applications per codling moth generation were equally effective in preventing entries, although the level of control obtained with either treatment was not commercially acceptable. C1 USDA ARS,YAKIMA AGR RES LAB,YAKIMA,WA 98902. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,FRUIT RES LAB,BIGLERVILLE,PA 17307. MERCK RES LABS,THREE BRIDGES,NJ 08887. MERCK RES LABS,RAHWAY,NJ 07065. RP COX, DL (reprint author), MERCK RES LABS,7555 N DEL MAR AVE,SUITE 204,FRESNO,CA 93711, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 88 IS 3 BP 708 EP 715 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RA817 UT WOS:A1995RA81700044 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, JA WOFFORD, PL GILL, RF AF JOHNSON, JA WOFFORD, PL GILL, RF TI DEVELOPMENTAL THRESHOLDS AND DEGREE-DAY ACCUMULATIONS OF INDIANMEAL MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) ON DRIED FRUITS AND NUTS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA; DEVELOPMENTAL RATES; DEVELOPMENTAL THRESHOLDS ID REPRODUCTION; SURVIVAL; INSECTS AB Degree-days for egg to adult development were determined for a laboratory and a wild-type isolate of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), reared on wheat bran diet, almonds, pistachios, walnuts, raisins, and prunes. To avoid problems with temperature-induced diapause and effects of diet, eggs and pupae were used to estimate developmental thresholds used in degree-day determinations. Lower developmental thresholds for eggs (14.8 degrees C) and pupae (13.8 degrees C) of both isolates were identical. A threshold of 14 degrees C was used for degree-day determinations for both isolates. Egg hatch on all diets was lower for the wild-type isolate, but postembryonic survival of the wild-type isolate was similar to the laboratory isolate. Survival was <12% on dried fruits, 76.5-91.7% on nuts, and 95.3-97.3% on wheat bran. Degree-days for the laboratory isolate for each diet was lower than those for the highest when reared on dried fruits. The determination of development thresholds for eggs and pupae allows the use of a single lower threshold for all models, although different degree-days will be necessary for each commodity. RP JOHNSON, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 21 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 88 IS 3 BP 734 EP 741 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RA817 UT WOS:A1995RA81700047 ER PT J AU WEATHERSBEE, AA HARDEE, DD MEREDITH, WR AF WEATHERSBEE, AA HARDEE, DD MEREDITH, WR TI DIFFERENCES IN YIELD RESPONSE TO COTTON APHIDS (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) BETWEEN SMOOTH-LEAF AND HAIRY-LEAF ISOGENIC COTTON LINES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE APHIS GOSSYPII; COTTON; HOST PLANT RESISTANCE ID GOSSYPII AB DES 119 cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and a smooth-leaf isoline were monitored for cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, densities and effects on yield in aphicide-treated and untreated plots. The interactions of cotton genotype and aphicide treatment regime were significant for aphid density and cotton yield. Aphids caused a yield loss (approximate to 140 kg lint per hectare) in DES 119 cotton when it was not treated with aphicide. No yield differences were observed between aphicide-treated and untreated plots containing the smooth-leaf isoline of DES 119. Yields for DES 119 with aphicide, the smooth-leaf isoline without aphicide, the smooth-leaf isoline with aphicide, and DES 119 without aphicide were 1105.0, 996.3, 971.0, and 964.0 kg lint per hectare, respectively. DES 119 treated with aphicide yielded more cotton than each of the other treatments. No differences were observed in the densities of, nor damages caused by, other cotton pests, which could account for yield losses that we attributed to cotton aphid. The data also indicated that the smooth-leaf isoline of DES 119 offers substantial resistance to cotton aphid. Thus, high-yielding, smooth-leaf cotton lines that do not respond to aphicide treatments might be viable alternatives to currently used chemical approaches to cotton aphid management. C1 USDA ARS,COTTON PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP WEATHERSBEE, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 88 IS 3 BP 749 EP 754 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RA817 UT WOS:A1995RA81700049 ER PT J AU WILSON, RL WISEMAN, BR SNOOK, ME AF WILSON, RL WISEMAN, BR SNOOK, ME TI EVALUATION OF PURE RED PERICARP AND 8 SELECTED MAIZE ACCESSIONS FOR RESISTANCE TO CORN-EARWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SILK FEEDING SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELICOVERPA ZEA; HOST PLANT RESISTANCE; MAYSIN ID ZEA-MAYS; GERMPLASM AB New sources of corn earworm, Helicoverpa tea (Boddie), silk feeding resistance are needed to protect the maize, Zea mays L., crop without increasing the use of pesticides. Previous evaluation of popcorn germplasm with red pericarp color showed a high incidence of resistance. Within the National Plant Germplasm System, there are 15 maize accessions with pure red pericarp color. These 15 accessions were grown in the field at Ames, IA, and Tifton, GA. Fresh silks were collected, dried, and incorporated into a standard pinto bean diet for rearing corn earworms. Diets were infested with neonates, and the larvae were weighed after 8 d. Results of the diet testing identified four plant introduction accessions that produced 8-d larval weights equal to the resistant control, 'Zapalote Chico'. The 15 accessions were analyzed for the presence of maysin, three of its analogues, and chlorogenic acid. One accession, PI 245138, had low levels of maysin but was resistant. In addition, eight maize accessions acquired by the National Plant Germplasm System from 1948 to 1951 were evaluated for corn earworm silk feeding resistance at Ames and Tifton. One accession, PI 172328, was rated resistant at both locations. RP WILSON, RL (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,N CENT REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 88 IS 3 BP 755 EP 758 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RA817 UT WOS:A1995RA81700050 ER PT J AU ROBERTSON, GH MAHONEY, NE GOODMAN, N PAVLATH, AE AF ROBERTSON, GH MAHONEY, NE GOODMAN, N PAVLATH, AE TI REGULATION OF LYCOPENE FORMATION IN CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURE OF VFNT TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM) BY CPTA, GROWTH-REGULATORS, SUCROSE, AND TEMPERATURE SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE SUSPENSION CULTURE; TOMATO; LYCOPENE ID PEAR FRUIT CELLS; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; DRY-MATTER; ACCUMULATION; ANTHOCYANINS; INVITRO; MEDIA AB The onium compound 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)-triethylamine (CPTA) was used to increase lycopene formation to levels approximating those in field-or glasshouse-grown fruit, and then growth regulators, sucrose and temperature were used to regulate lycopene accumulation. It was found that the native auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was substantially more effective than 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in promoting lycopene formation, sucrose inhibited lycopene formation (cell basis), and temperature produced a pattern similar to that observed in the field with a temperature optimum between 18 and 26 degrees C. Suggestions for further improvements in technique are included. RP ROBERTSON, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,PACIFIC W AREA,800 BUCHANAN AVE,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 41 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 46 IS 287 BP 667 EP 673 DI 10.1093/jxb/46.6.667 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE945 UT WOS:A1995RE94500010 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, JL ROSE, BE SHARAR, AK RANSOM, GM LATTUADA, CP MCNAMARA, AM AF JOHNSON, JL ROSE, BE SHARAR, AK RANSOM, GM LATTUADA, CP MCNAMARA, AM TI METHODS USED FOR DETECTION AND RECOVERY OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157H7 ASSOCIATED WITH A FOOD-BORNE DISEASE OUTBREAK SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE ESCHERICHIA COLI O157, H7; ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA COLI; MEAT PRODUCTS; FOOD-BORNE DISEASE OUTBREAK; METHODS ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; GROUND-BEEF; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; SCREENING METHOD; O157-H7; 0157-H7; ESCHERICHIA-COLI-0157-H7; DIARRHEA; MEAT AB The current Food Safety and Inspection Service method for detection and recovery of Escherichia coli O157:H7, (including modified EC broth with novobiocin (mEC+n) and a direct blot ELISA), was used to analyze beef and environmental samples during an investigation of a food-borne disease outbreak attributed to consumption of undercooked hamburger patties. Double-modified trypticase soy broth (dmTSB) and a commercially available dipstick immunoassay were also used to improve detection/recovery of E. coli O157:H7. A total of 1,115 beef and environmental samples was screened with the direct blot ELISA and the dipstick immunoassay; 178 presumptive-positive samples (by either or both of the screening methods) were subjected to recovery/isolation procedures. Toxigenic E. coli O157:H7 was recovered from 45 samples: 40 hamburger-patty samples produced on the epidemiologically identified date, 3 hamburger-patty samples produced on another date, and 2 beef briskets. The organism was not recovered from environmental samples. Limited quantitative analyses indicated that contaminated hamburger patties contained fewer than 4.3 CFU of E. coli O157:H7 per g. Atypical, toxigenic ornithine decarboxylase-negative E. coli O157:H7 and nontoxigenic sorbitol-positive E. coli O157:H29 were also recovered. Both enrichment broths gave strong positive reactions with the two immunoassay screening methods, but E. coli O157:H7 was recovered more often from mEC+n broth than from dmTSB. Both screening methods gave positive results for 44 of the 45 beef samples found to contain E. cole O157:H7. False-positive results were frequently observed with both screening methods. C1 USDA, FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV, S&T, DIV MICROBIOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 USA. RP JOHNSON, JL (reprint author), USDA, FSIS,S&T,MD,MICROBIOL METHODS EVALUAT & DEV BRANCH, BLDG 322 BARC-E, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 20 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 14 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 58 IS 6 BP 597 EP 603 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA RF336 UT WOS:A1995RF33600001 ER PT J AU SEARCY, GK SENTER, SD WILSON, RL AF SEARCY, GK SENTER, SD WILSON, RL TI GLUTAMIC-OXALOACETIC TRANSAMINASE-ACTIVITY - A POTENTIAL END-POINT-TEMPERATURE INDICATOR FOR IMPORTED COOKED BEEF SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Note DE GOT; COOKED BEEF; END-POINT TEMPERATURE; TEST KIT ID MEAT AB Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activities in thermally processed beef samples were determined with a diagnostic test kit (no. 505P, Transaminases ALT/GPT and AST/GOT, Sigma Chemical Co.) procedure for possible use as indicators of cooking end-point temperatures (EPTs) between 71.1 and 82.2 degrees C. GOT activity in the beef samples decreased curvilinearly with increasing EPTs. Activity was 3,450, 120, and 6 Sigma-Frankel units/ml (SFUs/ml) at 71.1, 75.6, and 82.2 degrees C, respectively; a reduction of 99.8%. GOT values at 78.9,79.4, and 80.0 degrees C, the critical range of EPTs in evaluating beef logs imported from South America, were 31, 17, and 14 SFUs/ml, respectively. Values within this range of temperatures differed significantly (P < 0.05); we suggest that residual GOT activity may be used as an EPT indicator for imported cooked beef products. RP SEARCY, GK (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUAL RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 58 IS 6 BP 686 EP 688 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA RF336 UT WOS:A1995RF33600021 ER PT J AU SMITH, JL FRATAMICO, PM AF SMITH, JL FRATAMICO, PM TI FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE EMERGENCE AND PERSISTENCE OF FOOD-BORNE DISEASES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Review DE EMERGENCE; FOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS; FOOD-BORNE DISEASES ID INFECTIOUS NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTION; ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA INFECTIONS; NORWALK VIRUS GASTROENTERITIS; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; AEROMONAS-HYDROPHILA; UNITED-STATES; FOODBORNE DISEASE; EPIDEMIC CHOLERA AB In recent years, a number of bacteria, viruses, and parasites have emerged as food-borne pathogens and resulted in numerous food-borne disease outbreaks. These outbreaks have had a major impact in terms of loss of human lives and economic costs. Genetic changes in microorganisms resulting in increased virulence, changes in social attitudes and eating habits, changes in food production and distribution systems, an increase in the number of immunocompromised individuals, and improved pathogen-detection methods are some of the factors that have contributed to the emergence/recognition and persistence of food-borne pathogens. The causes leading to the emergence of new food-borne pathogens or the reemergence of pathogens involve the interaction of several factors. This review discusses in detail factors involved in the emergence/recognition and persistence of several bacterial, parasitic, viral, and virus-like agents associated with food-borne diseases of public-health significance. RP SMITH, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 181 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 58 IS 6 BP 696 EP 708 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA RF336 UT WOS:A1995RF33600024 ER PT J AU MARTUS, CE HANEY, HL SIEGEL, WC AF MARTUS, CE HANEY, HL SIEGEL, WC TI LOCAL FOREST REGULATORY ORDINANCES - TRENDS IN THE EASTERN UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113. RP MARTUS, CE (reprint author), WESTVACO CORP,COVINGTON,VA 24426, USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 93 IS 6 BP 27 EP 31 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RA945 UT WOS:A1995RA94500010 ER PT J AU WELSH, HH LIND, AJ AF WELSH, HH LIND, AJ TI HABITAT CORRELATES OF THE DEL-NORTE SALAMANDER, PLETHODON-ELONGATUS (CAUDATA, PLETHODONTIDAE), IN NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; MICROHABITATS AB A stratified systematic sampling design was used to quantify the habitat relationships of the Del Norte salamander (Plethodon elongatus) in northwestern California We sampled 57 sites, each within at least 5-7 ha of relatively homogeneous forest or post-forest habitat, where we measured 83 characteristics of the environment. Salamander sampling consisted of area-constrained sampling of 7 x 7 m plots with at least 25% rock cover at each site. A subset of 43 variables was used in a hierarchical analysis of habitat associations using discriminant analysis and regression. Variables included attributes at the landscape, macrohabitat, and microhabitat scales. Results indicate a significant association of the Del Norte salamander with older forests with closed, multi-storied canopy (composed of both conifers and hardwoods), with a cool, moist microclimate, and rocky substrates dominated by cobble-sized pieces. These habitat attributes appear optimal for survival and reproductive success throughout most of the range of this species. The Del Norte salamander may require ecological conditions found primarily in late seral stage forests. RP WELSH, HH (reprint author), USDA, FOREST SERV, PACIFIC SW RES STN, 1700 BAYVIEW DR, ARCATA, CA 95521 USA. NR 61 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 29 IS 2 BP 198 EP 210 DI 10.2307/1564557 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TA490 UT WOS:A1995TA49000006 ER PT J AU SHIELDS, FD COOPER, CM KNIGHT, SS AF SHIELDS, FD COOPER, CM KNIGHT, SS TI EXPERIMENT IN STREAM RESTORATION SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITIES; RIVER; FISH AB Aquatic habitats in a deeply incised sand-bed channel were modified by adding 1,380 t of stone and planting dormant willow posts. Restoration structures (groin extensions and longitudinal toe protection) were designed as complements to existing channel stabilization works. Prior to restoration, base-flow aquatic habitats were characterized by uniform conditions, little woody debris or riparian vegetation, shallow depths, and sandy bed material. The stage-discharge relationship, channel geometry, and bed material size were unaffected by restoration, but the average depth of scour holes adjacent to extended groins increased from 32 cm to 72 cm, and pool habitat in the lower half of the study reach increased from 2.9% to 14% of water surface area. Median water depth at base flow increased from 9 cm to 15 cm. Woody vegetation cover on one side of the channel increased from 38% to 78%. Fish numbers tripled, median fish size increased by 50%, and the number of species increased from 14 to 19. Groin extensions experienced partial failure due to erosion of sand from underneath stones. RP SHIELDS, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 60 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 1995 VL 121 IS 6 BP 494 EP 502 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1995)121:6(494) PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA QY859 UT WOS:A1995QY85900007 ER PT J AU SIDLE, RC TSUBOYAMA, Y NOGUCHI, S HOSODA, I FUJIEDA, M SHIMIZU, T AF SIDLE, RC TSUBOYAMA, Y NOGUCHI, S HOSODA, I FUJIEDA, M SHIMIZU, T TI SEASONAL HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE AT VARIOUS SPATIAL SCALES IN A SMALL FORESTED CATCHMENT, HITACHI-OHTA, JAPAN SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID STORM RUNOFF; FLOW; GENERATION; WATER; EVENTS AB Headwater catchments are important and often overlooked hydrologic components of drainage basins. Hydrologic response at different scales was evaluated during a period of increasing antecedent wetness in a steep, humid catchment in coastal Japan. Outflows from a second-order basin (EB, 15.7 ha), two first-order basins (B, 2.48 ha and A, 0.84 ha), a zero-order basin (0.25 ha), and a hillslope segment (0.0045 ha) were measured for nine individual storms prior to and during the typhoon season of 1992. Antecedent rainfall greatly influenced the dynamic contributions from various watershed components. During drier conditions at the beginning of the typhoon season, storm runoff was small (< 2.5% of rainfall), largely generated by contributions from the narrow riparian zone. As wetness increased, subsurface flow from a hillslope segment contributed 2.0-3.4 times the runoff (on a unit contributing area basis) as the entire forest basin B. At least the lower 20% of the hillslope appeared to contribute actively to subsurface stormflow during late season events with very wet antecedent conditions. During major storms with high antecedent moisture, macropore flow comprised more than 25% of total subsurface flow during the peak and recession limbs of hydrographs. Almost no macropore flow occurred during storms with dry antecedent conditions. Zero-order basins with shallow soils appear to contribute to stormflow once a threshold of saturation is reached; after this point these geomorphic hollows contribute similar magnitudes of flow (per unit area) as subsurface hillslope drainage. Water yields during the two largest storms (with wet antecedent conditions) were higher in basin EB (16.6-25.6%) than in basin B (11.6-19.5%), partly owing to reduced canopy interception in the cutover portion of EB. During the two smallest storms (dry antecedent conditions) the opposite pattern occurred, likely because of the limited contributing area of stormflow near the stream channel. The dynamic hydrologic contributions of the near-channel zone, hillslope soils, and zero-order basins with respect to antecedent moisture and storm intensity offer new insights into the variable source area concept of streamflow generation and supplement more recent streamflow generation studies based on tracer tests. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,LOGAN,UT 84321. FORESTRY & FOREST PROD RES INST,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. NR 31 TC 71 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 168 IS 1-4 BP 227 EP 250 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)02639-S PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA QY989 UT WOS:A1995QY98900012 ER PT J AU KURTZMAN, CP AF KURTZMAN, CP TI RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE GENERA ASHBYA, EREMOTHECIUM, HOLLEYA AND NEMATOSPORA DETERMINED FROM RDNA SEQUENCE DIVERGENCE SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ASHBYA; EREMOTHECIUM; HOLLEYA; NEMATOSPORA; RDNA; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES; YEAST-LIKE ORGANISMS; COENZYME-Q-SYSTEM; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SP-NOV; CLASSIFICATION; GENUS AB Species of the genera Ashbya, Eremothecium, Holleya, and Nematospora were compared from extent of divergence in a 580-nucleotide region near the 5' end of the large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA gene. The four genera are closely related and comprise a subclade of the hemiascomycetes. Because the taxa show little divergence, it is proposed that all be placed in the genus Eremothecium. The family Eremotheciaceae, fam. nov., is proposed. RP KURTZMAN, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HANTS, ENGLAND RG21 2XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 14 IS 6 BP 523 EP 530 DI 10.1007/BF01573968 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RP063 UT WOS:A1995RP06300017 PM 7662294 ER PT J AU FESCEMYER, HW MASLER, EP KELLY, TJ LUSBY, WR AF FESCEMYER, HW MASLER, EP KELLY, TJ LUSBY, WR TI INFLUENCE OF DEVELOPMENT AND PROTHORACICOTROPIC HORMONE ON THE ECDYSTEROIDS PRODUCED IN-VITRO BY THE PROTHORACIC GLANDS OF FEMALE GYPSY-MOTH (LYMANTRIA-DISPAR) PUPAE AND PHARATE ADULTS SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NEUROPEPTIDE HORMONE; PUPAE; PHARATE ADULT; FEEDBACK REGULATION; JUVENILE HORMONE; ECDYSTEROID; SYNTHESIS AND RELEASE ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; 2 MOLECULAR-FORMS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; BOMBYX-MORI; TOBACCO HORNWORM; SPECIES-SPECIFICITY; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; ECDYSONE SECRETION; INSECT; SILKWORM AB Fluctuations in hemolymph ecdysteroid titer are part of a complex mechanism that regulates pupal-adult development. The amount of ecdysteroid produced in vitro by prothoracic glands from female Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera:Lymantriidae) pupae and pharate adults, as well as the competency of these glands to respond to a prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) stimulus in vitro, each correspond temporally with hemolymph ecdysteroid titers. Based on studies of gland kinetics and dose-responses to brain extract using prothoracic glands from different female pupal and pharate adult ages, an in vitro bioassay for the quantification of PTTH activity was developed using glands from day 2 females incubated without stimulus for 1 h followed by a 3 h incubation with stimulus. Only extracts of brains and corpora allata from pupae and pharate adults possess a PTTH factor, This factor is heat stable and can be separated on high performance size exclusion chromatography into two molecular sizes of 13.75 and 3.2 kDa, Ecdysone and 3-dehydroecdysone are produced in vitro by prothoracic glands from all ages of female L. dispar pupae and pharate adults tested. The amount of ecdysone produced by these glands exceeds that of 3-dehydroecdysone production after 4 h of incubation. C1 USDA ARS, INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP FESCEMYER, HW (reprint author), CLEMSON UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, 114 LONG HALL, BOX 340365, CLEMSON, SC 29634 USA. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 EI 1879-1611 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 41 IS 6 BP 489 EP 500 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(94)00132-Z PG 12 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA RB004 UT WOS:A1995RB00400006 ER PT J AU TEAL, PEA OOSTENDORP, A AF TEAL, PEA OOSTENDORP, A TI EFFECT OF INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS AND HELIOTHIS-SUBFLEXA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) ON SEX-PHEROMONE PRODUCTION BY FEMALES SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS INTERSPECIFIC HYBRID; SEX PHEROMONE PRODUCTION ID RELEASE ACTIVITIES; MOTHS; ZEA AB The effect of interspecific hybridization between Heliothis virescens and H. subflexa on the production of sex pheromone by females was studied. The F-1 hybrid females from crosses between H. virescens male and H. subflexa female did not produce sex pheromone during a distinct period in the scotophase. The mean amounts of pheromone present in extracts obtained from insects sampled at 1 h intervals remained relatively constant from the second to ninth hours of the scotophase. Hybrid females from the reciprocal cross (H. subflexa male x H. virescens female) had peak pheromone production at the sixth hour of the scotophase. Homogenates of cephalic ganglia obtained from either of the hybrid lines stimulated pheromone production when injected into either of the parent species or either of the F-1 hybrid lines during the photophase. Thus, F-1 females had the capacity to produce pheromone and pheromonotropic substances were present in the cephalic ganglia. We conclude that hybridization between H. virescens male and H. subflexa female affected the endogenous release of pheromonotropic substances from the cephalic ganglia. RP TEAL, PEA (reprint author), USDA,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 41 IS 6 BP 519 EP 525 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(94)00128-4 PG 7 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA RB004 UT WOS:A1995RB00400009 ER PT J AU SCHUSCHKE, LA SAARI, JT MILLER, FN SCHUSCHKE, DA AF SCHUSCHKE, LA SAARI, JT MILLER, FN SCHUSCHKE, DA TI HEMOSTATIC MECHANISMS IN MARGINALLY COPPER-DEFICIENT RATS SO JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DENSE GRANULE SECRETION; COAGULATION FACTOR-V; DIETARY COPPER; THROMBOXANE PRODUCTION; PLATELET REACTIVITY; ALTERS PROTEIN; FEMALE MICE; MICROCIRCULATION; ERYTHROCYTES; RECRUITMENT AB Severe dietary copper restriction has been shown to alter platelet structure and function and to significantly delay thrombogenesis and hemostasis in rats. In the present study, the relationship between dietary copper status and hemostasis were determined in the rat cremaster muscle microcirculation. Male, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a purified diet that was made copper-adequate by addition of 6.0 mu g copper/gm of diet (CuA) or was marginally deficient by adding 1.5 mu g (CuM(1.5)) or 3.0 mu g (CuM(3.0)) copper/gm of diet for 1, 3, or 5 weeks. The rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, and the cremaster was spread in a Krebs'-filled tissue bath. Hemostasis was quantified after two methods of thrombus induction: (1) micropuncture of a 60 to 80 mu m venule, which exposes subendothelial structures, and (2) intravascular light-dye photochemistry, which does not expose the subendothelial collagen. The CuM(1.5) and CuM(3.0) diets significantly decreased hepatic copper after 3 weeks as compared with the CuA diet, Bleeding time after micropuncture was significantly longer at all times in the CuM(1.5) group and after 5 weeks in the CuM(3.0) group. Platelet thrombus formation and time to vessel occlusion in the light dye-treated vessels were not different between any of the dietary groups at any times tested. There was also no difference in prothrombin time (PT), in the activity of copper-related plasma coagulation factors V and VIII, or in the hematocrit between the CuA and CuM(1.5) groups. The correlation between hepatic copper concentration and bleeding time was determined to be significant (r = 0.69; p < 0.0001) and suggested that bleeding time increases at hepatic copper concentrations of less than 4 mu g/gm dry tissue weight. These results indicate that the platelet-vessel wall interaction is sensitive to dietary copper concentrations and that alteration of the subendothelium reduces hemostasis in marginal dietary copper deprivation. C1 UNIV LOUISVILLE,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV NEONATAL MED,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292. USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. RP SCHUSCHKE, LA (reprint author), UNIV LOUISVILLE,HLTH SCI CTR,CTR APPL MICROCIRCULATORY RES,A1115,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292, USA. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-2143 J9 J LAB CLIN MED JI J. Lab. Clin. Med. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 125 IS 6 BP 748 EP 753 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Medical Laboratory Technology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA RB445 UT WOS:A1995RB44500014 PM 7769369 ER PT J AU CIRELLI, RA CAREY, LA FISHER, JK ROSOLIA, DL ELSASSER, TH CAPERNA, TJ GEE, MH ALBERTINE, KH AF CIRELLI, RA CAREY, LA FISHER, JK ROSOLIA, DL ELSASSER, TH CAPERNA, TJ GEE, MH ALBERTINE, KH TI ENDOTOXIN INFUSION IN ANESTHETIZED SHEEP IS ASSOCIATED WITH INTRAPULMONARY SEQUESTRATION OF LEUKOCYTES THAT IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICALLY EXPRESS TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PULMONARY INTRAVASCULAR MACROPHAGE; NEUTROPHIL; CYTOKINE; CACHETIN; SEPSIS; ACUTE LUNG INJURY ID PULMONARY INTRAVASCULAR MACROPHAGES; TNF-ALPHA; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BLOOD MONOCYTES; AWAKE SHEEP; LUNG INJURY; NEUTROPHILS; PLASMA; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE AB Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) peak between 2 and 4 h during a 12-h continuous infusion of endotoxin in awake sheep. We hypothesized that a source of this TNF-alpha is the pool of leukocytes that accumulate in the pulmonary circulation, To test this hypothesis, we physiologically monitored six anesthetized sheep during baseline and 4-h endotoxin infusion periods (10 ng/kg x min), We obtained open-lung biopsies at baseline and at 20 min and 2 and 4 h during the endotoxin infusion period for immunohistochemical localization of TNF-alpha. The plasma concentration of TNF-alpha increased from an average baseline concentration of 0.06 +/- 0.03 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) to a peak of 1.40 +/- 0.28 ng/ml at 2 h of the endotoxin infusion, We observed increased cytoplasmic TNF-alpha immunoreactivity in situ among neutrophils and intravascular mononuclear phagocytes during the endotoxin infusion compared with baseline. Also, the number of immunopositive leukocytes increased in the pulmonary circulation during the continuous infusion of endotoxin, We conclude that TNF-alpha-producing leukocytes accumulate in the pulmonary circulation during endotoxemia, These cells probably contribute to both the rise in the circulating levels of TNF-alpha and the development of acute lung injury. C1 THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV,JEFFERSON MED COLL,DEPT MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. USDA,AGR ANIM RES SERV,BELTSVILLE,MD. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-36237] NR 55 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 57 IS 6 BP 820 EP 826 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA RE360 UT WOS:A1995RE36000003 PM 7790762 ER PT J AU MILLAR, JS LICHTENSTEIN, AH CUCHEL, M DOLNIKOWSKI, GG HACHEY, DL COHN, JS SCHAEFER, EJ AF MILLAR, JS LICHTENSTEIN, AH CUCHEL, M DOLNIKOWSKI, GG HACHEY, DL COHN, JS SCHAEFER, EJ TI IMPACT OF AGE ON THE METABOLISM OF VLDL, IDL, AND LDL APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100 IN MEN SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AGING; CHOLESTEROL; LIPOPROTEIN KINETICS; COMPARTMENTAL ANALYSIS; STABLE ISOTOPES; TRIGLYCERIDES ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; STABLE ISOTOPES; DEUTERATED LEUCINE; GROWTH-HORMONE; HEART-DISEASE; PLASMA-LIPIDS; A-I; CHOLESTEROL; KINETICS; FAT AB Levels of plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) constituents increase with age. In an attempt to further define the mechanisms responsible for these changes, kinetic studies of VLDL and LDL apolipoprotein (ape) B-100 were carried out in 19 normolipidemic male subjects with plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels below the 90th percentile whose ages ranged from 24 to 73 years. Subjects were maintained on standardized diets consisting of 47-49% of calories as carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 36-40% fat (15-17% saturated, 15-17% monounsaturated, 6% polyunsaturated) with 150 mg cholesterol/1000 kcal. At the end of the diet period, the metabolism of apoB-100 within VLDL, intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), and LDL was studied in the fed state using a primed-constant infusion of [H-2(3)]leucine. Data were fit to a multicompartmental model to determine residence times and production rates of apoB-100 in each fraction. There were significant positive correlations between age and VLDL, IDL, and LDL apoB-100 concentrations (r = 0.50, 0.62, and 0.69; P = 0.03, 0.004, and 0.001, respectively). There was a positive correlation between age and the production rate of VLDL apoB-100 (r = 0.50, P = 0.03), but there was no significant relationship between age and either IDL or LDL apoB-100 production rates. Age was also positively correlated with the residence lime of LDL apoB-100 (r = 0.68 P = 0.001). Our data suggest that the age-associated increase in VLDL apoB-100 is due to an increased production rate of this constituent, whereas the age-associated increase in LDL apoB-100 is due to an increased residence time of these particles in plasma. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,MASS SPECTROMETRY LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-39326]; NIA NIH HHS [T32-AG000209] NR 49 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1155 EP 1167 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA RG151 UT WOS:A1995RG15100001 PM 7665994 ER PT J AU HEBUTERNE, X WANG, XD JOHNSON, EJ KRINSKY, NI RUSSELL, RM AF HEBUTERNE, X WANG, XD JOHNSON, EJ KRINSKY, NI RUSSELL, RM TI INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM OF 9-CIS-BETA-CAROTENE IN-VIVO - BIOSYNTHESIS OF 9-CIS-RETINOIC ACID SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ALL-TRANS-BETA-CAROTENE; ALL-TRANS-RETINOIC ACID; VITAMIN-A; BETA-CAROTENE CLEAVAGE; HPLC; FERRET ID TRANS-RETINOIC ACID; ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; HUMAN-SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; NATURAL ISOMER MIXTURE; BETA-CAROTENE; 13-CIS-RETINOIC ACID; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN-PLASMA; FATTY-ACID; VITAMIN-A AB This study was done to examine the intestinal absorption and cleavage of 9-cis-beta-carotene in vivo. A micellar solution, containing either no addition or 10 mu mol of 9-cis- or all trans-beta-carotene, was perfused for 2 h through the upper portion of the small intestine of ferrets. The effluent of a mesenteric lymph duct cannulation was collected, as well as intestinal mucosa scrapings, a portal blood sample, and a liver biopsy, both before and after perfusion. Carotenoids and retinoids were measured by reverse-phase, high performance liquid chromatography. 9-Cis- and all-trans-beta-carotene were transported equally well into mesenteric lymph, although the intestinal concentration of the corresponding isomer was tenfold higher after perfusion of the 9-cis- isomer than after perfusion of all-trans-beta-carotene. Regardless of which isomer was used, perfusion of beta-carotene resulted in the biosynthesis of similar amounts of retinoic acid in portal blood, liver, and intestine. However, after the perfusion of all-trans-beta-carotene, all the retinoic acid formed was in the all-trans- form, whereas the perfusion of 9-cis-beta-carotene resulted in the biosynthesis of about 50% of the total retinoic acid as the 9-cis- isomer. We conclude that in the in vivo ferret model, 9-cis-beta-carotene has a good bioavailability and is a precursor of 9-cis-retinoic acid. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA49195-04A1] NR 39 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1264 EP 1273 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA RG151 UT WOS:A1995RG15100011 PM 7666004 ER PT J AU MANNERS, GD PANTER, KE PELLETIER, SW AF MANNERS, GD PANTER, KE PELLETIER, SW TI STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIPS OR NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS OCCURRING IN TOXIC LARKSPUR (DELPHINIUM) SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS-LLOYDIA LA English DT Article ID C19-DITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; METHYLLYCACONITINE AB Fourteen norditerpenoid alkaloids present in larkspur (Delphinium) species associated with cattle poisoning on grazing land in the western United States have been toxicologically assessed in a mouse bioassay. Toxicity data for these alkaloids have established the tertiary nitrogen atom and anthranilic acid esterification as important structural features necessary to impart toxicity to lycoctonine-type norditerpenoid alkaloids. Variation in C-14 functionality of the toxic alkaloids is also a factor that influences toxicity in these compounds. The relationship of the structure-activity information of this study to previous in vitro neuromuscular studies is discussed. C1 USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321. UNIV GEORGIA,INST NAT PROD,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP MANNERS, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 31 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOGNOSY PI CINCINNATI PA LLOYD LIBRARY & MUSEUM 917 PLUM ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45202 SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PRODUCTS JI J. Nat. Prod. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 58 IS 6 BP 863 EP 869 DI 10.1021/np50120a007 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RL762 UT WOS:A1995RL76200007 PM 7673930 ER PT J AU MOLYNEUX, RJ MCKENZIE, RA OSULLIVAN, BM ELBEIN, AD AF MOLYNEUX, RJ MCKENZIE, RA OSULLIVAN, BM ELBEIN, AD TI IDENTIFICATION OF THE GLYCOSIDASE INHIBITORS SWAINSONINE AND CALYSTEGINE B-2 IN WEIR VINE (IPOMOEA SP Q6 [AFF CALOBRA]) AND CORRELATION WITH TOXICITY SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS-LLOYDIA LA English DT Article ID CASTANOSPERMUM-AUSTRALE; ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE; ALKALOIDS; SEPIUM; SEEDS AB The polyhydroxy alkaloid glycosidase inhibitors swainsonine [1] and calystegine B-2 [6] have been identified as constituents of the seeds of the Australian plant Ipomoea sp. Q6 [aff. calobra] (Weir vine) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and by their biological activity as inhibitors of specific glycosidases. This plant, which is known only from a small area of southern Queensland, has been reported to produce a neurological disorder when consumed by livestock. The extract of the seeds showed inhibition of alpha-mannosidase, beta-glucosidase, and alpha-galactosidase, consistent with the presence of 1 and alkaloids of the calystegine class. Histological examination of brain tissue from field cases of sheep and cattle poisoned by Weir vine showed lesions similar to those observed in animals poisoned by the swainsonine-containing poison peas (Swainsona spp.) of Australia and locoweeds (Astragalus and Oxytropis spp.) of North America. These results indicate that Weir vine poisoning is an additional manifestation of the induced lysosomal storage disease, mannosidosis, possibly exacerbated by inhibition of the enzymes beta-glucosidase and alpha-galactosidase by calystegine B-2. This is the first reported example of a single plant species capable of producing structurally distinct glycosidase inhibitors, namely, alkaloids of the indolizidine and nortropane classes. C1 QUEENSLAND DEPT PRIMARY IND,ANIM RES INST,YEERONGPILLY,QLD 4105,AUSTRALIA. UNIV ARKANSAS,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. RP MOLYNEUX, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-17783] NR 30 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOGNOSY PI CINCINNATI PA LLOYD LIBRARY & MUSEUM 917 PLUM ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45202 SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PRODUCTS JI J. Nat. Prod. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 58 IS 6 BP 878 EP 886 DI 10.1021/np50120a009 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RL762 UT WOS:A1995RL76200009 PM 7673932 ER PT J AU KELLY, JF JOSEPH, JA DENISOVA, NA ERAT, S MASON, RP ROTH, GS AF KELLY, JF JOSEPH, JA DENISOVA, NA ERAT, S MASON, RP ROTH, GS TI DISSOCIATION OF STRIATAL GTPASE AND DOPAMINE RELEASE RESPONSES TO MUSCARINIC CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS IN F344 RATS - INFLUENCE OF AGE AND DIETARY MANIPULATION SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DIET; MEMBRANE; AGING; LIPIDS; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS; DOMAINS ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; PHOSPHOLIPID TURNOVER; BRAIN MEMBRANES; CHOLESTEROL; RECEPTORS; METABOLISM; DOMAINS; INVIVO; MYELIN; STIMULATION AB There is evidence that dietary lipids and age both influence neuronal membrane composition and receptor G protein-linked signal transduction, but very little information is available on the interaction between these two factors. To investigate this, we obtained striata from 2, 12, and 22-month-old male F344 rats who were fed either a high-cholesterol, high-saturated fat or low-fat diet for 1 month. The striata were assayed for muscarinic agonist-stimulated low-K-m GTPase activity using 10(-3) M carbachol and 10(-5) M oxotremorine and for KCI-evoked dopamine release enhancement by 10(-5) M oxotremorine. Membrane cholesterol and phospholipid content and phospholipid class composition were also determined. Mature animals showed significant but divergent changes in GTPase activity and dopamine release for high-cholesterol and low-fat diets: GTPase activity decreased, whereas dopamine release increased in these groups. Alterations in GTPase activity but not in dopamine release were inversely correlated with the cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio. Old control animals showed reductions in both GTPase activity and oxotremorine-enhanced dopamine release compared with young animals. Whereas none of the experimental diets affected GTPase activity in old animals, the low-fat diet produced a marked decrease in dopamine release. In contrast to mature and old groups, young rats showed no significant change in either GTPase or dopamine release, suggesting a relative ''resistance'' to such dietary lipid modulation. The observed dissociation in GTPase and dopamine release responses to diet may reflect differing effects of these diets on discrete membrane lipid domains that preferentially influence different signal transduction components. The substantial age-related differences in striatal membrane response to dietary lipid modulation may represent the effects of underlying age differences in membrane lipid metabolism, structure, and/or dynamics, Our findings support the work of other groups that have shown that brain membranes are susceptible to modification by exogenous lipids. They also suggest the need for a more systematic examination of the influence of age on the response to other types of dietary lipid changes. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,AGING RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. MED COLL PENN,NEUROSCI RES CTR,PITTSBURGH,PA. RP KELLY, JF (reprint author), NIA,JOHNS HOPKINS BAYVIEW MED CTR,GERONTOL RES CTR,CELLULAR & MOLEC BIOL LAB,BALTIMORE,MD 21224, USA. NR 60 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 64 IS 6 BP 2755 EP 2764 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA QZ252 UT WOS:A1995QZ25200045 PM 7760056 ER PT J AU JAHOOR, F WYKES, LJ REEDS, PJ HENRY, JF DELROSARIO, MP FRAZER, ME AF JAHOOR, F WYKES, LJ REEDS, PJ HENRY, JF DELROSARIO, MP FRAZER, ME TI PROTEIN-DEFICIENT PIGS CANNOT MAINTAIN REDUCED GLUTATHIONE HOMEOSTASIS WHEN SUBJECTED TO THE STRESS OF INFLAMMATION SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE GLUTATHIONE SYNTHESIS; STABLE ISOTOPE; PROTEIN DEFICIENCY; TURPENTINE INFLAMMATION; PIGS ID HEPATIC GLUTATHIONE; BUTHIONINE SULFOXIMINE; DIETARY-PROTEIN; RATS; TURNOVER; METABOLISM; CYSTEINE; GLYCINE AB The mechanisms responsible for depletion of systemic glutathione levels in nutritional deprivation and/or in infective and inflammatory conditions have not been fully established. We quantified the effects of protein undernutrition and experimental inflammation on the concentration and synthesis of reduced glutathione in the erythrocytes, liver and jejunal mucosa of young pigs. Two groups of five piglets consumed diets containing either 23 or 3% protein and, after 4 wk, were infused intravenously with [C-13(2)]glycine before and 48 h after subcutaneous injections of turpentine. Erythrocyte, hepatic and intestinal mucosal reduced glutathione was quantified as the monobromobimane derivative by HPLC. Reduced glutathione synthesis was determined by measurements of the tracer/tracee ratio of reduced glutathione-bound glycine. In well-nourished piglets, turpentine injection had no effect on erythrocyte reduced glutathione concentrations or rate of synthesis. Protein undernutrition was associated with lower erythrocyte reduced glutathione concentrations (1.05 +/- 0.04 vs. 1.32 +/- 0.06 mmol/L, P < 0.01) and synthesis (42 +/- 5 vs. 60 +/- 5%/d), and turpentine inflammation caused a further fall in erythrocyte reduced glutathione concentration to 0.96 +/- 0.05 mmol/L, despite a significant (P < 0.05) increase in reduced glutathione synthesis. The combination of protein undernutrition and inflammation had a marked effect on mucosal reduced glutathione concentration (37 +/- 3% of control) and synthesis (65 +/- 5% of control). Hepatic reduced glutathione concentration and synthesis did not differ in the two groups. We conclude that the biosynthetic supply of reduced glutathione is sufficient to withstand an inflammatory challenge in well-nourished piglets but not in protein-deficient animals. RP JAHOOR, F (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK41764] NR 32 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 125 IS 6 BP 1462 EP 1472 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RC958 UT WOS:A1995RC95800008 PM 7782899 ER PT J AU JACOB, RA PIANALTO, FS HENNING, SM ZHANG, JZ SWENDSEID, ME AF JACOB, RA PIANALTO, FS HENNING, SM ZHANG, JZ SWENDSEID, ME TI IN-VIVO METHYLATION CAPACITY IS NOT IMPAIRED IN HEALTHY-MEN DURING SHORT-TERM DIETARY-FOLATE AND METHYL-GROUP RESTRICTION SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE METHYLATION; METHYL GROUP; METHIONINE; HUMANS ID RATS; METABOLISM; URINE AB Ten healthy adult men were fed a diet low in folate and exogenous methyl groups to study the effects on in vivo methylation capability. The men were housed in a metabolic unit for the entire 108 d of the study. After a 9-d baseline period (Period 1), the men were fed a soy-product-amino acid defined diet for 45 d, which provided 25 mu g/d of folate for 30 d (Period 2) and, with a folate supplement, 99 mu g/d for 15 d (Period 3). During Period 2 and Period 3, the low methionine and choline diet was supplemented with methionine for half the subjects to vary the dietary methyl group intake. The periods were then repeated over the next 54 d (Periods 4-6), with a crossover of methionine intakes in Period 5 and Period 6. A 1-g oral dose of nicotinamide was given at the end of each period and methylated urine metabolites determined. Other measures related to in vivo methylation capability included urine creatinine, and plasma and urine carnitine. Even with moderate folate depletion, none of these measures was decreased by low methionine and choline intakes. Plasma methionine concentrations were unchanged throughout. Limiting exogenous methyl group intake by restricting dietary methionine and choline did not impair in vivo methylation capabilities for the variables tested, even at low folate intake. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH PUBL HLTH,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP JACOB, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA42710] NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 125 IS 6 BP 1495 EP 1502 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RC958 UT WOS:A1995RC95800012 PM 7782903 ER PT J AU MERRILL, AH SCHMELZ, EM WANG, E SCHROEDER, J DILLEHAY, DL RILEY, RT AF MERRILL, AH SCHMELZ, EM WANG, E SCHROEDER, J DILLEHAY, DL RILEY, RT TI ROLE OF DIETARY SPHINGOLIPIDS AND INHIBITORS OF SPHINGOLIPID METABOLISM IN CANCER AND OTHER DISEASES SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-Institute-of-Nutrition Annual Meeting CY APR 24-28, 1994 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Inst Nutr DE SPHINGOLIPIDS; CERAMIDE; MYCOTOXINS; CANCER ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; CELLULAR PROLIFERATION; SPHINGOSINE; SPHINGOMYELIN; FUMONISINS; BASES; CELLS; SERUM; RATS AB Sphingolipids are found in all eukaryotic and some prokaryotic organisms and participate in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and diverse cell functions including cell-cell communication, cell-substratum interactions and intracellular signal transduction. Nonetheless, the field of nutrition has given scant attention to these compounds so that little is known about the following fundamental questions: What is the fate of sphingolipids that are consumed in food? Does consumption of dietary sphingolipids affect the behavior of cells in the gastrointestinal tract or other organs? How do other factors in the diet affect sphingolipid metabolism? Several recent findings underscore the importance of these questions, for examples: 1) Sphingolipids are digested throughout the GI tract to ceramide and sphingosine, which are highly bioactive compounds that affect cellular regulatory pathways; 2) addition of sphingomyelin to a standard AIN diet (which is essentially devoid of sphingolipids) reduces the appearance of aberrant colonic crypts, and perhaps the number of tumors, in mice treated with a colon carcinogen; and 3) an enzyme of sphingolipid metabolism has been discovered to be the target of a class of toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins called fumonisins. Given these recent findings, it is possible that some of the confusion that has arisen regarding the relationships between dietary fat and disease might be due to the lack of consideration of the sphingolipids that are also present. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,CTR NUTR & HLTH SCI,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DIV ANIM RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA 30322. USDA,ARS,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXINS RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP MERRILL, AH (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. RI Schmelz, Eva/E-6579-2012 NR 42 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 125 IS 6 SU S BP S1677 EP S1682 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RD263 UT WOS:A1995RD26300010 PM 7782925 ER PT J AU MERSMANN, HJ AF MERSMANN, HJ TI SPECIES VARIATION IN MECHANISMS FOR MODULATION OF GROWTH BY BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-Institute-of-Nutrition Annual Meeting CY APR 24-28, 1994 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Inst Nutr DE SKELETAL MUSCLE; ADIPOSE TISSUE; BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS; BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS ID INDUCED MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY; PORCINE ADIPOSE-TISSUE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; CELL CULTURES; AGONISTS; RACTOPAMINE; CIMATEROL; CHICKEN; ADRENOCEPTOR AB Beta-adrenergic agonists have been fed to avian and mammalian species to modulate growth. Such treatment produces increased rate of gain, decreased feed consumption, increased skeletal muscle and decreased fat accretion. There is good evidence for the inhibition of adipose tissue lipogenesis and stimulation of lipolysis as well as stimulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis and inhibition of degradation. Other effects include increased blood flow and modulation of plasma concentration of various hormones. The degree to which each of these effects is observed varies considerably between experiments. Some of the diversity may be explained by species and/or tissue differences in distribution of beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes, in structure and, consequently, in response of receptors and in the pharmacodynamics of the agonist. In addition, several different agonists have been used, adding further complexity. Oversimplification by extrapolation of research observations across species and agonists may confuse attempts to derive mechanisms for the growth modulation effects of beta-adrenergic agonists in vivo. RP MERSMANN, HJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 57 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 125 IS 6 SU S BP S1777 EP S1782 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RD263 UT WOS:A1995RD26300030 ER PT J AU MERSMANN, HJ MCNEEL, RL AKANBI, KA SHPARBER, A HACHEY, DL AF MERSMANN, HJ MCNEEL, RL AKANBI, KA SHPARBER, A HACHEY, DL TI INFLUENCE OF DIETARY-FAT ON BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS AND RECEPTOR-CONTROLLED METABOLIC FUNCTION IN PORCINE ADIPOCYTES SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SWINE; LIPOLYSIS; ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS; DIETARY FAT; ADIPOCYTES ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; BINDING; LIPIDS; ACIDS AB In order to measure the effect of dietary fat on adipocyte plasma membrane function, 5-week-old pigs were fed either a low-fat diet, a high-fat diet with tallow (saturated fat), or a high-fat diet with corn oil (unsaturated fat) for approximately 5 weeks. Pigs fed the three diets gained the same amount of weight. Adipocytes isolated from the subcutaneous fat depot were larger in pigs fed the two high-far diets than in pigs fed the low fat diet. The fatty acid composition of the crude adipocyte membrane fraction (ghosts) was markedly different between the dietary groups. The affinity for the beta-adrenergic receptor was the same in ghosts from pigs fed the three diets. The number of receptors per cell was less in ghosts from pigs fed the low-fat diet compared with pigs fed either high-fat diet; receptor number per unit surface area was not different, implying that receptor number was related to adipocyte size. Activity of the membrane-bound enzyme, 5'-nucleotidase was the same in ghosts from pigs fed the three diets. Isoproterenol-stimulated adipocyte lipolytic activity tended (P < 0.1) to be greater in pigs fed the high-saturated fat diet than in pigs fed the low-far diet, whereas it,uas intermediate in pigs fed the high-unsaturated fat diet. Although there were marked differences in fatty acid composition of adipocyte ghosts obtained from pigs fed diets with different fatty acid compositions, there was no alteration in membrane-bound receptor function, nor in membrane-bound enzyme function, and only marginal differences in receptor-controlled metabolism. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 6 IS 6 BP 302 EP 309 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(95)00020-Z PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA RF046 UT WOS:A1995RF04600002 ER PT J AU PODCZASY, JJ CHURCH, JP SCHOENE, NW AF PODCZASY, JJ CHURCH, JP SCHOENE, NW TI EFFECTS OF DIETARY FISH-OIL ON CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS IN RAT PLATELETS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CHLORTETRACYCLINE; AEQUORIN; CALCIUM SIGNALS; OMEGA-6 FATTY ACIDS; OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS; N-3 FATTY ACIDS ID EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; CARDIAC MYOCYTES; AEQUORIN; AGGREGATION; THROMBOSIS; CHANNELS; CA2+; K+ AB Mechanisms to explain the differential effects of dietary n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on cellular functions are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of these two types of PUFA on ionized calcium (Ca2+) fluxes in platelets. Adult male rats were fed either an n-6 PUFA-rich diet (corn oil, CO) or an n-3 PUFA-rich diet (menhaden oil, MO) for 8 to 12 days. Receptor-stimulated release and basal membrane fluxes of Ca2+ were studied in platelets using two different reporter molecules. The fluorescent indicator chlorotetracycline (CTC) was employed to investigate Ca2+ mobilization from internal storage compartments upon stimulation. Aequorin, a photoprotein, was used to monitor calcium movements through platelet membranes. Platelets with n-3 PUFA in membrane lipids as a consequence of the MO diet demonstrated a delay in the mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular scores in response to stimulation to several doses of thrombin compared with control platelets (GO). This delayed response was significantly different compared with that found for controls at the lowest dose of agonist (MO, 40.2 +/- 3.2 sec; CO, 28.5 +/- 1.9 sec, mean +/- SEM, P = 0.02). Decay rates for aequorin in rat platelets were found to be linear for 30 min and were similar after exposure to either 0.75 or 1.5 mM external calcium. The rates in platelets from animals fed MO were significantly lower compared with those observed in platelets from the animals fed CO (P = 0.003). The combined results with the reporter molecules suggest that incorporation of n-3 PUFA into membranes delays calcium release and flux under stimulated and basal conditions, respectively. Such alterations would contribute to changes in cellular responses and suggest additional actions of n-3 PUFA beyond those attributed to their inhibitory actions on eicosanoid production from n-6 PUFA. C1 USDA,BHNRC,LNL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 6 IS 6 BP 327 EP 333 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(95)00013-P PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA RF046 UT WOS:A1995RF04600006 ER PT J AU MASON, JB AF MASON, JB TI UNTITLED SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; ACTIVATION RP MASON, JB (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 6 IS 6 BP 345 EP 345 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA RF046 UT WOS:A1995RF04600010 ER PT J AU TROUT, D GOMEZ, TM BERNARD, BP MUELLER, CA SMITH, CG HUNTER, L KIEFER, M AF TROUT, D GOMEZ, TM BERNARD, BP MUELLER, CA SMITH, CG HUNTER, L KIEFER, M TI OUTBREAK OF BRUCELLOSIS AT A UNITED-STATES PORK PACKING PLANT SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ABATTOIR-ASSOCIATED DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; MELITENSIS AB In 1992, the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources received 18 case reports of brucellosis from a county health department. All patients had potential exposure to the hill floor of one pork processing plant. A subsequent National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health health hazard evaluation surveyed 154 (99%) of 156 kill floor workers of this plant and found that 30 (19%) had evidence of recent (or persistent) brucellosis. These data show that significant exposure to Brucella is occurring among packing plant workers in North Carolina and suggest that some of the approximately 38,000 production workers in pork processing plants in the United States are at risk of contracting swine brucellosis. Additional measures may need to be taken to prevent occupational exposure to Brucella. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,ATLANTA,GA. N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP TROUT, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,R-10,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 37 IS 6 BP 697 EP 703 DI 10.1097/00043764-199506000-00011 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RE717 UT WOS:A1995RE71700011 PM 7670916 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP AF DUBEY, JP TI DURATION OF IMMUNITY TO SHEDDING OF TOXOPLASMA-GONDII OOCYSTS BY CATS SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FELINE TOXOPLASMOSIS; TISSUE CYSTS; IMMUNIZATION; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; SHEEP AB Cats that have shed Toxoplasma gondii oocysts are considered to be immune to reshedding of oocysts. To investigate if this immunity persists in cats for 6 yr, 12 4-6-mo-old cats without T. gondii antibodies were inoculated orally with tissue cysts of the ME-49 strain (6 cats) and the TS-2 strain (6 cats) of T. gondii. Ah of them shed greater than or equal to 20 million oocysts between 4 and 13 days after feeding tissue cysts. Two cats became ill between 11 and 13 days after primary infection; 1 died on the 13th day, and the other had to be killed on the 11th day because of generalized acute toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasma gondii oocysts were not found on the hair of 10 cats examined 7 days after cats had shed millions of oocysts. On day 39 after primary infection, 5 cats (2 infected with the ME-49 strain and 3 infected with the TS-2 strain) were challenged orally with tissue cysts of the ME-49 strain. None of the challenged cats shed oocysts. One cat died due to causes unrelated to toxoplasmosis. Seventy-seven months after primary infection, the remaining 9 cats were challenged orally with tissue cysts of the P89 strain of T. gondii. Four of these 9 cats re-shed T. gondii oocysts; 3 of them had been challenged also at 39 days after primary infection. Two control cats housed together with chronically infected cats for 6 yr remained seronegative for T. gondii; both of these shed oocysts after challenge with the P89 strain. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 222 Z9 228 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 81 IS 3 BP 410 EP 415 DI 10.2307/3283823 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA RD340 UT WOS:A1995RD34000010 PM 7776126 ER PT J AU HOBERG, EP SIMS, DE ODENSE, PH AF HOBERG, EP SIMS, DE ODENSE, PH TI COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE SCOLICES AND MICROTRICHES AMONG 5 SPECIES OF TETRABOTHRIUS (EUCESTODA, TETRABOTHRIIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CESTODA; SCOLEX; TETRAPHYLLIDEA; TRYPANORHYNCHA; SHARK; ONCHOBOTHRIIDAE; TAPEWORMS; GENUS AB The structure of the scolex, neck, and adjacent strobila of 5 species of Tetrabothrius was evaluated using low to high magnification scanning electron microscopy. Species-specific patterns and morphotypes (spiniform, papilliform, and filiform) of microtriches were found on the scolices and strobilar tegument of Tetrabothrius (Oriana) affinis, Tetrabathrius (Oriana)filiformis, and Tetrabothrius (Culmenamniculus) laccocephalus; microtriches were absent in Tetrabothrius (Culmenamniculus) cylindraceus and Tetrabothrius (Tetrabothrius) sp. The presence, distribution, and form of microtriches may not be correlated with the subgeneric divisions of Tetrabothrius or the host taxon. Unique patterns do not appear to be shared with other groups of cestodes, particularly other tetraphyllideans. We suggest that the spiniform, filiform, and papilliform types of microtriches may be symplesiomorphic for the Eucestoda. RP HOBERG, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSYSTEMAT & NATL PARASITE COLLECT UNIT,BARC E 1180,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 81 IS 3 BP 475 EP 481 DI 10.2307/3283835 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA RD340 UT WOS:A1995RD34000021 PM 7776137 ER PT J AU FAYER, R GRACZYK, TK CRANFIELD, MR AF FAYER, R GRACZYK, TK CRANFIELD, MR TI MULTIPLE HETEROGENOUS ISOLATES OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-SERPENTIS FROM CAPTIVE SNAKES ARE NOT TRANSMISSIBLE TO NEONATAL BALB/C MICE (MUS-MUSCULUS) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note ID PARVUM; PROPHYLAXIS; INFECTIONS AB Oral inoculations of 9 litter-groups of 3 5-day-old suckling BALB/c mouse pups (Mus musculus) with 6.7 x 10(3) to 1.2 x 10(5) per pup of viable, Cryptosporidium serpentis oocysts from snakes resulted in no transmission. Mice showed normal development; the litter-group weight gain was not altered significantly (P > 0.05) relative to the total number of C. serpentis oocysts inoculated or to the initial group weight (P > 0.05). Histological sections of stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon 4 days postinoculation did not contain life-cycle stages of Cryptasporidium in any inoculated mice. Because these neonatal, C. parvum-susceptible BALB/c mice were resistant to infection it is unlikely that C. serpentis transmission to the snakes ''via infected prey'' results when captive snakes are maintained on a diet of BALB/c mice. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT MOLEC MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. BALTIMORE ZOO,DEPT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21217. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,DIV COMPARAT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP FAYER, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE IMMUNOBIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 81 IS 3 BP 482 EP 484 DI 10.2307/3283836 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA RD340 UT WOS:A1995RD34000022 PM 7776138 ER PT J AU RUSLING, JF KUMOSINSKI, TF AF RUSLING, JF KUMOSINSKI, TF TI AN APPROXIMATION TO HYDROPHOBIC ATTRACTION FOR MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS OF SELF-ASSEMBLED SURFACTANT AGGREGATES SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SODIUM OCTANOATE MICELLES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; LONG-RANGE; LIPID BILAYER; FORCE-FIELD; SIMULATION; WATER; ELECTROLYTE; MONOLAYERS; PHASES AB The measured long-range force between hydrophobic surfaces coated with surfactants is several orders of magnitude larger than the expected van der Waals attraction. Hydrophobic attraction of a magnitude similar to that found by experiment was applied to molecular dynamics simulations of surfactant micelles and bilayers. The force was approximated by multiplying normally accepted van der Waals attraction between hydrocarbon chains of surfactants by scaling factors within a commercial molecular dynamics software package. Micelles of sodium octanoate and N-octylbetaine and a bilayer of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide were simulated with all-atom and united-atom hydrocarbon chains, with and without water. Results were compared to simulations without the hydrophobic attraction. Inclusion of the approximate hydrophobic force provided dynamic aggregate structures for all simulations which more closely resembled models supported by experimental data, whether water was present or absent. Scaling of the hydrophobic attraction was used to provide simulations of gel and liquid crystal phases of the bilayer. C1 USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP RUSLING, JF (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT CHEM,BOX U-60,STORRS,CT 06269, USA. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 22 BP 9241 EP 9247 DI 10.1021/j100022a043 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA RB252 UT WOS:A1995RB25200043 ER PT J AU ABBAS, HK TANAKA, T DUKE, SO AF ABBAS, HK TANAKA, T DUKE, SO TI PATHOGENICITY OF ALTERNARIA-ALTERNATA AND FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME AND PHYTOTOXICITY OF AAL-TOXIN AND FUMONISIN B-1 ON TOMATO CULTIVARS SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID F-SP-LYCOPERSICI; JIMSONWEED; CULTURES; B1 AB Phytotoxicity of AAL-toxin and fumonisin B-1 to six cultivars of tomato was compared with the pathogenicity of their fungal sources, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium moniliforme, respectively. These include two AAL-toxin susceptible cultivars with genotypes (asc/asc), three resistant cultivars (Asc/Asc), and a heterozygous cultivar (Asc/asc). A. alternata spores were pathogenic to the susceptible but not to the resistant cultivars. F. moniliforme was not pathogenic to any of the tomatoes. Filtrates of both fungi grown on rice containing their respective toxins caused necrosis within 48 h and eventually mortality on susceptible cultivars but not on the resistant lines. The heterozygous cultivar Asc/asc showed minimal damage and no mortality after 14 days exposure to both filtrates and both toxins. The spores of both fungi had no effect on heterozygous intact plants. Tomato leaf disc bioassays with AAL-toxin and fumonisin B-1 at 1 mu M caused cellular leakage and reduced chlorophyll content in susceptible cultivars and minimal effects on the heterozygous and resistant varieties. C1 UBE IND LTD,UBE LAB,AGROCHEM RES DEPT,UBE,YAMAGUCHI,JAPAN. RP ABBAS, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 143 IS 6 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1995.tb00270.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RW736 UT WOS:A1995RW73600003 ER PT J AU YELENOSKY, G VU, JCV WUTSCHER, HK AF YELENOSKY, G VU, JCV WUTSCHER, HK TI INFLUENCE OF PACLOBUTRAZOL IN THE SOIL ON GROWTH, NUTRIENT ELEMENTS IN THE LEAVES, AND FLOOD FREEZE TOLERANCE OF CITRUS ROOTSTOCK SEEDLINGS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article ID ORANGE TREES; PLANTS AB Paclobutrazol [(2RS,3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-3ol] was applied to soil at 0, 100, or 250 mg/3.78-liter pot containing seedlings of Swingle citrumelo, Carrizo citrange, Cleopatra mandarin, sour orange, rough lemon, and Sun Chu Sha. All cultivars were sensitive to paclobutrazol, which caused a proliferation of shorter/thicker roots, and top growth showed shorter internodes and lower dry weight. Induced changes resulted in greater root/shoot ratios, and paclobutrazol treatments showed higher concentrations of nitrogen, calcium, boron, iron, and manganese in the leaves of different cultivars. Paclobutrazol-treated seedlings did not show a greater ability to tolerate flooded soil for 60 continuous days under greenhouse conditions nor survive -6.7 degrees C controlled freeze tests. Paclobutrazol is a potentially useful plant growth regulator to dwarf citrus, but it apparently is not a strong candidate for increasing flooding and freezing tolerance in citrus rootstock seedlings. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,AGRON PHYSIOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP YELENOSKY, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7595 J9 J PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI J. Plant Growth Regul. PD SUM PY 1995 VL 14 IS 3 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.1007/BF00210914 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TG238 UT WOS:A1995TG23800003 ER PT J AU KING, JW JOHNSON, JH TAYLOR, SL ORTON, WL HOPPER, ML AF KING, JW JOHNSON, JH TAYLOR, SL ORTON, WL HOPPER, ML TI SIMULTANEOUS MULTISAMPLE SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION OF FOOD-PRODUCTS FOR LIPIDS AND PESTICIDE-RESIDUE ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE MULTISAMPLE EXTRACTION; PESTICIDES; LIPIDS; SUPERCRITICAL FLUID ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXTRACTION; OPTIMIZATION; RECOVERY; CO2 AB Sample preparation for food analysis has traditionally involved the processing of a large number of samples simultaneously. A supercritical-fluid extraction (SFE) apparatus has been designed and tested to facilitate a similar approach, using SC-CO2 as the extraction fluid. The prototype extractor was constructed to allow the extraction of six samples simultaneously, as well as the regulation and balancing of the fluid flow through each of the individual extraction vessels. In addition, procedures were developed to eliminate contamination from the apparatus and the extraction fluid which could interfere with electron capture detection of pesticide residues in meat samples. Rapid extraction of lipid phases from food products (soybeans, frankfurters, poultry) could be achieved within 15 minutes using extraction pressures of 5,000-10,000 psi at 60 degrees and accompanying CO2 flow rates of 5-10 L min(-1) (ambient conditions). Simultaneous multi-extraction of dispersed fat and soybean flake samples yielded lipid recoveries of 98 and 95%, respectively. Initial experiments on spiked frankfurter samples yielded analyte recoveries of 87-118% for a mixture of eight chlorinated pesticides. Additional studies on the coextraction of incurred organo-chlorine pesticide residues from poultry adipose tissue, resulted in 96% or better recoveries of endrin, heptachlor epoxide, and dieldrin, at the 1-3 ppm level in the extracted fat. C1 US FDA,TOTAL DIET RES CTR,LENEXA,KS 66285. RP KING, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 5 PU PRA PRESS PI CINCINNATI PA POLYMER RES ASSOC INC 9200 MONTGOMERY RD, SUITE 23B, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 SN 0896-8446 J9 J SUPERCRIT FLUID JI J. Supercrit. Fluids PD JUN PY 1995 VL 8 IS 2 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1016/0896-8446(95)90030-6 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA RU655 UT WOS:A1995RU65500010 ER PT J AU ROSE, D MURPHY, SP HUDES, M VITERI, FE AF ROSE, D MURPHY, SP HUDES, M VITERI, FE TI FOOD-ENERGY REMAINS CONSTANT WITH INCREASING ALCOHOL INTAKE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID NUTRIENT INTAKE; CONSUMPTION-SURVEY; SMOKING-HABITS; CALORIES; ADULTS; DIET; BEVERAGES; MODERATE; HUMANS; MEN C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT NUTR SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP ROSE, D (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 95 IS 6 BP 698 EP 700 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(95)00191-3 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RB309 UT WOS:A1995RB30900017 PM 7759748 ER PT J AU WAN, PJ PAKARINEN, DR HRON, RJ RICHARD, OL CONKERTON, EJ AF WAN, PJ PAKARINEN, DR HRON, RJ RICHARD, OL CONKERTON, EJ TI ALTERNATIVE HYDROCARBON SOLVENTS FOR COTTONSEED EXTRACTION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ALTERNATIVE SOLVENTS; COTTONSEED; CYCLOHEXANE; CYCLOPENTANE; EXTRACTION; EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY AND RATE; HEPTANE; HEXANE; HYDROCARBON SOLVENTS; ISOHEXANE; MISCELLA; MISCELLA CONCENTRATION; NEOHEXANE AB Hexane has been used for decades to extract edible oil from cottonseed. However, due to increased regulations affecting hexane because of the 1990 Clean Air Act and potential health risks, the oil-extraction industry urgently needs alternative hydrocarbon solvents to replace hexane. Five solvents, n-heptane, isohexane, neohexane, cyclohexane, and cylopentane, were compared with commercial hexane using a bench-scale extractor. The extractions were done with a solvent to cottonseed flake ratio of 5.5 to 1 (w/w) and a miscella recycle flow rate of 36 mL/min/sq cm (9 gal/min/sq ft) at a temperature of 10 to 45 degrees C below the boiling point of the solvent. After a 10-min single-stage extraction, commercial hexane removed 100% of the oil from the flakes at 55 degrees C; heptane extracted 100% at 75 degrees C and 95.9% at 55 degrees C; isohexane extracted 93.1% at 45 degrees C; while cyclopentane, cyclohexane, and neohexane removed 93.3, 89.4, and 89.6% at 35, 55, and 35 degrees C, respectively. Each solvent removed gossypol from cottonseed flakes at a different rate, with cyclopentane being most and neohexane least effective. Based on the bench-scale extraction results and the availability of these candidate solvents, heptane and isohexane are the alternative hydrocarbon solvents most likely to replace hexane. RP WAN, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 72 IS 6 BP 653 EP 659 DI 10.1007/BF02635650 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RC944 UT WOS:A1995RC94400006 ER PT J AU WAN, PJ HRON, RJ DOWD, MK KUK, MS CONKERTON, EJ AF WAN, PJ HRON, RJ DOWD, MK KUK, MS CONKERTON, EJ TI ALTERNATIVE HYDROCARBON SOLVENTS FOR COTTONSEED EXTRACTION - PLANT TRIALS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ALTERNATIVE SOLVENTS; COTTONSEED; EXPANDER-SOLVENT; EXTRACTION; HEPTANE; HEXANE; ISOHEXANE; MISCELLA; MISCELLA REFINING AB Hexane has been used for decades to extract oil from cottonseed and is still the solvent of choice for the edible-oil industry. Due to increased regulations as a result of the 1990 Clean Air Act and potential health risks, the edible-oil extraction industry urgently needs an alternate hydrocarbon solvent to replace hexane. Based on laboratory-scale extraction tests, two hydrocarbon solvents, heptane and isohexane, were recommended as potential replacements for hexane. A cottonseed processing mill with a 270 MT/day (300 tons/day) capacity agreed to test both solvents with their expander-solvent process. Extraction efficiencies of isohexane and heptane, judged by extraction time and residual oil in meal, refined and bleached color of miscella refined oil, and solvent loss, were comparable to that of hexane. However, fewer problems were encountered with the lower-boiling isohexane than with the higher-boiling heptane. With isohexane, the daily throughput increased more than 20%, and natural gas consumption decreased more than 40% as compared to hexane. RP WAN, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 72 IS 6 BP 661 EP 664 DI 10.1007/BF02635651 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RC944 UT WOS:A1995RC94400007 ER PT J AU ERHAN, SM KLEIMAN, R ISBELL, TA AF ERHAN, SM KLEIMAN, R ISBELL, TA TI METHODS FOR INCREASING ESTOLIDE YIELDS IN A BATCH REACTOR SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE DIMER ACIDS; ESTOLIDE; MEADOWFOAM OIL FATTY ACIDS; MONTMORILLONITE; OLEIC ACID ID MEADOWFOAM; ACIDS; DETECTOR; ESTERS AB Estolides are formed when the carboxylic acid group of one fatty acid forms an ester link at the site of unsaturation of another fatty acid. These compounds have the potential to be used in a variety of applications, such as lubricants, greases, plastics, inks, cosmetics, and surfactants. By manipulating the reaction equilibrium, yields of 20% estolide in clay catalyzed estolide reactions have been increased to 30%. Reactions conducted at 180 degrees C, where water was vented out of the reactor at specific times, not only gave dimer-free estolides but also yields up to 30%. Steam has also been used instead of water with similar results. Estolides were quite stable at temperatures up to 250 degrees C, even when they were exposed to air. RP ERHAN, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 72 IS 6 BP 671 EP 674 DI 10.1007/BF02635653 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RC944 UT WOS:A1995RC94400009 ER PT J AU KNOTHE, G BAGBY, MO WEISLEDER, D PETERSON, RE AF KNOTHE, G BAGBY, MO WEISLEDER, D PETERSON, RE TI ALLYLIC HYDROXY FATTY COMPOUNDS WITH DELTA-5-UNSATURATION, DELTA-7-UNSATURATION, DELTA-8-UNSATURATION, AND DELTA-10-UNSATURATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ALLYLIC HYDROXYLATION; HYDROXY FATTY ACIDS; LACTONIZATION; NMR ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ACID METHYL-ESTERS; CARBON-ATOMS; SPECTRA; SHIFTS AB Several novel allylic mono- and dihydroxy fatty compounds were synthesized from Delta 5, Delta 7-, Delta 8-, and Delta 10-monounsaturated fatty acids with the selenium dioxide/tert-butylhydroperoxide. Chainlengths were C-19 for Delta 7 and Delta 10, and C-20 for Delta 5 and Delta 8 compounds. With a full range of Delta 5- to Delta 11-unsaturated allylic monohydroxy fatty compounds available, position-dependent effects in the C-13-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of these compounds are discussed. The olefinic carbon shift differences in monohydroxy compounds, where the OH group is located between the double bond and the terminal methyl group, were plotted as a function of double-bond distance from C-1. This plot is presumably a rational function. During SeO2-based hydroxylation, lactonization of the hydroxy groups, located between the double-bond and the carboxyl group, also occurs for Delta 5 unsaturation. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,ANALYT CHEM SUPPORT,PEORIA,IL 61604. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOACT CONSTITUENTS,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP KNOTHE, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,OIL CHEM RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 72 IS 6 BP 703 EP 706 DI 10.1007/BF02635659 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RC944 UT WOS:A1995RC94400015 ER PT J AU WEIGEL, RM DUBEY, JP SIEGEL, AM HOEFLING, D REYNOLDS, D HERR, L KITRON, UD SHEN, SK THULLIEZ, P FAYER, R TODD, KS AF WEIGEL, RM DUBEY, JP SIEGEL, AM HOEFLING, D REYNOLDS, D HERR, L KITRON, UD SHEN, SK THULLIEZ, P FAYER, R TODD, KS TI PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES TO TOXOPLASMA-GONDII IN SWINE IN ILLINOIS IN 1992 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE PORCINE SPECIES; SERODIAGNOSIS; TOXOPLASMA GONDII ID PIGS; SEROPREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS; FARMS; IOWA AB A serologic survey that tested for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii was conducted, using the modi,fed direct agglutination test, on 6,965 serum samples collected from swine in 179 herds in Illinois in 1992. In breeding swine, results for 1,057 of 5,080 (20.8%) sera tested were positive. In growing/finishing swine, results for 59 of 1,885 (3.1%) sera tested were positive, which was substantially lower than the seroprevalence rate estimated in a serosurvey of pigs from abattoirs in Illinois in 1983 and 1984. Data in the survey reported here were summarized for herds having at least 28 samples/herd. Among all herds, the median, mean, and maximum seroprevalence rates were 6.7, 16.1, and 96.8%, respectively, for breeding swine in 172 herds, and 0.0, 2.8, and 20.0%, respectively, for growing/finishing pigs in 44 herds. Among the 172 herds with breeding swine, 61 (35.5%) had no seropositive pigs. Among the 44 herds with growing/finishing swine, 28 (63.6%) had no seropositive pigs. A logistic regression model was used to estimate that the cumulative risk of T gondii infection for swine in herds containing seropositive pigs was 9.0% by 6 months of age for a herd that had the median seroprevalence rate. In. contrast, for pigs in herds in the upper quartile of seroprevalence rates, risk of infection by 6 months of age was estimated to be greater than 20%. Analysis of these data would suggest that overall prevalence of T gondii infection in pigs from Illinois is low; nevertheless, there is a small proportion of farms for which the rate of T gondii infection in swine is moderately high. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET CLIN MED,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. ILLINOIS ANIM DIS LAB,GALESBURG,IL 61401. ILLINOIS ANIM DIS LAB,CENTRALIA,IL 62801. INST PUERICULTURE,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE. RP WEIGEL, RM (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 206 IS 11 BP 1747 EP 1751 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RA841 UT WOS:A1995RA84100033 PM 7782249 ER PT J AU AKIN, DE AF AKIN, DE TI MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF AROMATIC CONSTITUENTS IN CELL-WALLS OF HARD AND SOFT WHEATS SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE WHEAT; LIGNIN; FERULIC ACID; HISTOCHEMISTRY; TRITICUM AESTIVUM; UV ABSORPTION; CELL WALLS ID ABSORPTION MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY; FERULIC ACID; DIGESTIBILITY; SPECTROSCOPY; ENDOSPERM; LIGNIN; POLYSACCHARIDES; DEGRADATION; INTERNODES; MICROSCOPY AB Cell walls of epidermis, hypodermis, nucellar epidermis, aleurone, and endosperm in hard and soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L) kernels were evaluated for aromatic constituents using ultraviolet (UV) absorption microspectrophotometry. Wheat varieties sampled were soft red winter Caldwell, hard red winter varieties Tam 200 and Karl, and hard red spring varieties Len and Yecora rojo. Spectra of cell walls of epidermis and hypodermis (beeswing cells) suggested larger amounts and a greater degree of polymerization of aromatic constituents in these walls compared to those of other cell types. Results also suggested the presence of ester-linked ferulic acid. Nucellar epidermal walls also had polymerized aromatics and ferulic acid, but amounts appeared to be much less than in the walls of the beeswing cells. UV spectra of aleurone walls suggested that the predominant aromatic was ester-linked ferulic acid; anticlinal walls had substantially more aromatic constituents than outer or inner periclinal walls. Endosperm walls lacked any indication of aromatics by this method. Grain hardness did not appear to be related to cell wall aromatics. UV absorption microspectrophotometry indicated significant variations in wall aromatics of different cell types of wheat grains. RP AKIN, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food. Agric. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 68 IS 2 BP 207 EP 214 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740680212 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RD125 UT WOS:A1995RD12500011 ER PT J AU GOLDING, B INMAN, J HIGHET, P BLACKBURN, R MANISCHEWITZ, J BLYVEIS, N ANGUS, RD GOLDING, H AF GOLDING, B INMAN, J HIGHET, P BLACKBURN, R MANISCHEWITZ, J BLYVEIS, N ANGUS, RD GOLDING, H TI BRUCELLA-ABORTUS CONJUGATED WITH A GP120 OR V3 LOOP PEPTIDE DERIVED FROM HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS (HIV) TYPE-1 INDUCES NEUTRALIZING ANTI-HIV ANTIBODIES, AND THE V3 B-ABORTUS CONJUGATE IS EFFECTIVE EVEN AFTER CD4(+) T-CELL DEPLETION SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDEPENDENT TYPE-1; IFN-GAMMA; RESPONSES; VACCINES; KINETICS; PROTEINS; CARRIER; INVITRO AB Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is associated with loss of function and numbers of CD4(+) T-helper cells, In order to bypass the requirement for CD4(+) cells in antibody responses, we have utilized heat-inactivated Brucella abortus as a carrier, In this study we coupled a 14-mer V3 loop peptide (V3), which is homologous to 9 of 11 amino acids from the V3 loop of HIV-1 MN, and gp120 from HIV-1 SF2 to B. abortus [gp120(SF2)-B, abortus]. Our results showed that specific antibody responses, dominated by immunoglobulin G2a in BALB/c mice, were induced by these conjugates, Sera from the immunized mice bound native gp120 expressed on the surfaces of cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus gp160 vector (VPE16), Sera from mice immunized with gp120(SF2)-B, abortus inhibited binding of soluble CD4 to gp120, whereas sera from mice immunized with V3-B, abortus were ineffective, Sera from mice immunized with either conjugate were capable of blocking syncytium formation between CD4(+) CEM cells and H9 cells chronically infected dth the homologous virus, Sera from mice immunized with gp120(SF2)-B. abortus were more potent than sera from mice immunized with V3-B. abortus in inhibiting syncytia from heterologous HIV-1 laboratory strains, Importantly, in primary and secondary responses, V3-B. abortus evoked anti-HN MN antibodies in mice depleted of CD4(+) cells, and sera from these mice were able to inhibit syncytia, These findings indicate that B, abortus can provide carrier function for peptides and proteins from HIV-1 and suggest that they could be used for immunization of individuals with compromised CD4(+) T-cell function. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIRAL PROD,RETROVIRUS RES LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIAID,BETHESDA,MD 20892. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. RP GOLDING, B (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV HEMATOL,PLASMA DERIVAT LAB,8800 ROCKVILLE PK,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 69 IS 6 BP 3299 EP 3307 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA QX931 UT WOS:A1995QX93100007 PM 7745677 ER PT J AU HYBERG, B OLIVERIA, V AF HYBERG, B OLIVERIA, V TI THE QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF JAPANESE SOYBEAN IMPORTS SO JOURNAL OF WORLD TRADE LA English DT Article ID HEDONIC PRICE FUNCTIONS; UNITED-STATES; WHEAT; MARKETS; COMPETITION; PRODUCT; MODEL RP HYBERG, B (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WERNER PUBL CO LTD PI GENEVA 11 PA PO BOX 5134, 1211 GENEVA 11, SWITZERLAND SN 1011-6702 J9 J WORLD TRADE JI J. World Trade PD JUN PY 1995 VL 29 IS 3 BP 135 EP 154 PG 20 WC Economics; International Relations; Law SC Business & Economics; International Relations; Government & Law GA RC905 UT WOS:A1995RC90500006 ER PT J AU Alexander, KA Kat, PW Frank, LG Holekamp, KE Smale, L House, C Appel, MJG AF Alexander, KA Kat, PW Frank, LG Holekamp, KE Smale, L House, C Appel, MJG TI Evidence of canine distemper virus infection among free-ranging spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in the Masai Mara, Kenya SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE spotted hyena; Crocuta crocuta; canine distemper; serologic survey; social rank; wildlife diseases ID SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; PHOCINE DISTEMPER; RANK; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; DOMINANCE; BEHAVIOR AB From November 1990 to August 1991, a canine distemper (CD) epizootic occurred among domestic dogs sympatric with spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in the Masai Mara National Reserve (MMNR), Kenya. A retrospective survey of antibodies to canine distemper virus (CDV) was conducted among hyenas from a single dan in the MMNR. Hyenas sampled from 1979 to 1982 and from 1990 to 1992 had a mean prevalence of CDV antibodies of 25% (n = 44) and 30% (n = 63), respectively. No CDV antibodies were evident in 1979 (n = 12), but a substantial increase in CDV antibody prevalence was noted in 1980-1982 (34%, n = 32). No significant differences in seroprevalence levels among hyenas were found when examined by age or sex (P > 0.10). Among samples collected from 1990 to 1992, no significant differences in CDV antibody prevalence were found when compared by year, age, or sex (P > 0.10). However, low-ranking hyenas were 2.85 times more likely (odds ratio = 2.85, P = 0.09) to be positive for CDV antibodies than were high-ranking individuals. Although significant mortality was reported among domestic dogs during the CD epizootic, no clinically ill hyenas were observed and no increase in mortality was noted. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT PATHOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PSYCHOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,E LANSING,MI 48823. USDA,APHIS,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. CORNELL UNIV,COLL VET MED,JAMES A BAKER INST ANIM HLTH,ITHACA,NY 14853. RI Alexander, Kathleen/A-9765-2010; Holekamp, Kay/G-6054-2010 OI Alexander, Kathleen/0000-0001-7338-5341; NR 45 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 26 IS 2 BP 201 EP 206 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TV008 UT WOS:A1995TV00800002 ER PT J AU NILON, CH LONG, CN ZIPPERER, WC AF NILON, CH LONG, CN ZIPPERER, WC TI EFFECTS OF WILDLAND DEVELOPMENT ON FOREST BIRD COMMUNITIES SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE BIRDS; URBANIZATION; WILDLAND DEVELOPMENT ID URBANIZATION; POPULATIONS; PARK AB The rapid urbanization of rural landscapes for primary and secondary homes can significantly affect bird populations as wildlands are developed. To study this effect, we conducted bird counts within the Lake of the Ozarks region of central Missouri in three different landscape types: wildlands, dispersed single homes, and cluster development. For each landscape type, we selected five 100 ha forested sites and conducted bird counts during May and June for 2 years. Forest interior migrant species were most abundant in wildland sites and least abundant in cluster development sites. In contrast, cluster development sites were dominated by species generally found in urban residential neighborhoods, and nest predators and brood parasites were more prevalent on these sites than wildland sites. C1 US FOREST SERV,SUNY CESF,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. RP NILON, CH (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,SCH NAT RESOURCES,112 STEPHENS HALL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 33 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 32 IS 2 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1016/0169-2046(94)00192-6 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA RE046 UT WOS:A1995RE04600001 ER PT J AU ZHOU, GF LIEBHOLD, AM AF ZHOU, GF LIEBHOLD, AM TI FORECASTING THE SPATIAL DYNAMICS OF GYPSY-MOTH OUTBREAKS USING CELLULAR TRANSITION MODELS SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MARKOV CHAIN; CELLULAR AUTOMATA; LYMANTRIA DISPAR; LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE AB A series of cellular transition probability models that predict the spatial dynamics of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) defoliation were developed. The models consisted of four classes: Simple Markov chains, Rook's and Queen's move neighborhood models, and distance weighted neighborhood models. Historical maps of gypsy moth defoliation across Massachusetts from 1961 to 1991 were digitized into a binary raster matrix and used to estimate transition probabilities. Results indicated that the distance weighted neighborhood model performed better then the other neighborhood models and the simple Markov chain. Incorporation of interpolated counts of overwintering egg mass counts taken throughout the state and incorporation of historical defoliation frequencies increased the performance of the transition models. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 0 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPB ACADEMIC PUBLISHING BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 11188, 1001 GD AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 10 IS 3 BP 177 EP 189 DI 10.1007/BF00133030 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA RF275 UT WOS:A1995RF27500005 ER PT J AU Mazie, SM Ghelfi, LM AF Mazie, SM Ghelfi, LM TI Challenges of the rural environment in a global economy SO LIBRARY TRENDS LA English DT Article AB INFORMATION HAS BECOME A CRITICAL part of successful economic development for individuals, businesses, and communities. Lack of access to information was at least partially responsible for rural America's inability to keep up with urban increases in population, high-wage occupations, income, and education levels during the 1980s. Among rural areas, growth in farming-dependent counties and persistent poverty counties was hindered by their remoteness from major metro areas. At the other end of the spectrum, rural high-amenity and retirement-destination counties had the advantage of attractive amenities, and rural counties adjacent to large metro areas benefited from their ties to the major centers of information. Nearly all rural counties contain public libraries, some of which are already telecommunications linked. With funding for infrastructure and human capital improvements, more rural libraries could serve as links in improving rural access to the information highway and the knowledge transported on that highway. RP Mazie, SM (reprint author), ECON RES SERV,USDA,RURAL ECON DIV,ROOM 1226,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU GSLIS PUBLICATIONS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 501 E DANIEL ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-6211 SN 0024-2594 J9 LIBR TRENDS JI Libr. Trends PD SUM PY 1995 VL 44 IS 1 BP 7 EP 20 PG 14 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA TV121 UT WOS:A1995TV12100002 ER PT J AU CHITWOOD, DJ LUSBY, WR THOMPSON, MJ KOCHANSKY, JP HOWARTH, OW AF CHITWOOD, DJ LUSBY, WR THOMPSON, MJ KOCHANSKY, JP HOWARTH, OW TI THE GLYCOSYLCERAMIDES OF THE NEMATODE CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS CONTAIN AN UNUSUAL, BRANCHED-CHAIN SPHINGOID BASE SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS; SPHINGOLIPIDS; CEREBROSIDES; SURFACE; MELOIDOGYNE; METABOLISM; PARASITE; LIPIDS AB Caenorhabditis elegans was cultured in semi-defined medium containing yeast extract, soy peptone, glucose, hemoglobin, Tween 80, and sitosterol. Monoglycosylceramides were chromatographically purified from nematode extracts. Their structures were elucidated with mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and analysis of methanolysis products of the parent cerebrosides. The glycosylceramides were unusual in that the only long-chain sphingoid base detected was an iso-branched compound with a C-4 double bond (i.e., 15-methyl-2-aminohexadec-4-en-1,3-diol). Glucose was the only sugar moiety detected. The fatty acids consisted of a series of primarily straight-chain, saturated, 2-hydroxylated C-20-C-26 acids; some iso-branched analogs also occurred. The sphingomyelins of C. elegans were also hydrolyzed, and the same iso-branched C-17 compound was the only sphingoid base detected. This is the first structural analysis of a nematode glycosphingolipid and the first report of an organism in which the long-chain sphingoid bases are entirely iso-branched. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV WARWICK,DEPT CHEM,COVENTRY CV4 7AL,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. RP CHITWOOD, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NEMATOL LAB,BLDG 011A,ROOM 153,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 50 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD JUN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 6 BP 567 EP 573 DI 10.1007/BF02537032 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA RC629 UT WOS:A1995RC62900013 PM 7651085 ER PT J AU MORGANTI, CM NELSON, ME FIATARONE, MA DALLAL, GE ECONOMOS, CD CRAWFORD, BM EVANS, WJ AF MORGANTI, CM NELSON, ME FIATARONE, MA DALLAL, GE ECONOMOS, CD CRAWFORD, BM EVANS, WJ TI STRENGTH IMPROVEMENTS WITH 1 YR OF PROGRESSIVE RESISTANCE TRAINING IN OLDER WOMEN SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE EXERCISE; GERIATRICS; PERFORMANCE; POSTMENOPAUSAL ID MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ELDERLY PERSONS; RISK-FACTORS; FALLS; MEN; EXERCISE; OSTEOPOROSIS; COMMUNITY; DENSITY AB Thirty-nine healthy women (59.5 +/- 0.9 yr) were randomized to either a control group (CON) or a progressive resistance training group (PRT) that trained twice weekly for 12 months. PRT trained at 80% or more (average of 84%) of their most recent one repetition maximum (IRM) on the lateral pull-down (LPD), knee extensor (KE), and double leg press (DLP) apparatus. One RM was measured for each exercise once monthly in PRT and at baseline, midstudy, and end of study in CON. One RM significantly increased in PRT for all muscle groups trained compared to CON (P < 0.0001). increases of 73.7 +/- 12%, 35.1 +/- 3%, and 77.0 +/- 5%, respectively, for KE, DLP, and LPD in PRT and 12.7% +/- 8%, 3.7% +/- 3%, and 18.4% +/- 4%, respectively, in CON were observed. Approximately 50% of the gains in KE and LPD and 40% in the DLP were seen in the first 3 months of the study. In all three exercises, strength gains in PRT continued over the entire 12-month period. These data indicate that high-intensity strength training results in substantial, continual increases in strength in postmenopausal women for at least 12 months, with the greatest gains seen in the first 3 months of training. C1 TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,HUMAN PHYSIOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,DIV BIOSTAT,BOSTON,MA 02111. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DIV AGING,BOSTON,MA 02115. PENN STATE UNIV,NOLL PHYSIOL RES CTR,STATE COLL,PA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P02-DK42618] NR 32 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 27 IS 6 BP 906 EP 912 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA RC358 UT WOS:A1995RC35800017 PM 7658954 ER PT J AU SCHAEFER, EJ LAMONFAVA, S SPIEGELMAN, D DWYER, JT LICHTENSTEIN, AH MCNAMARA, JR GOLDIN, BR WOODS, MN MORRILLLABRODE, A HERTZMARK, E LONGCOPE, C GORBACH, SL AF SCHAEFER, EJ LAMONFAVA, S SPIEGELMAN, D DWYER, JT LICHTENSTEIN, AH MCNAMARA, JR GOLDIN, BR WOODS, MN MORRILLLABRODE, A HERTZMARK, E LONGCOPE, C GORBACH, SL TI CHANGES IN PLASMA-LIPOPROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS AND COMPOSITION IN RESPONSE TO A LOW-FAT, HIGH-FIBER DIET ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN SERUM ESTROGEN CONCENTRATIONS IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; LDL PARTICLE-SIZE; BREAST-CANCER; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; LIPIDS; APOLIPOPROTEINS; REPLACEMENT; FRAMINGHAM; RISK AB We have investigated the effects of a low-fat, high-fiber diet on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels and serum sex hormone concentrations in 22 normal premenopausal women (mean age, 25.8 +/- 3.8 years). Participants consumed a baseline diet for 4 weeks (40% of calories as fat, 16% as saturated fatty acids, 8% as polyunsaturated fatty acids, 400 mg/d cholesterol, and 12 g/d dietary fiber) and then a low-fat, high-fiber diet for 8 to 10 weeks (16% to 18% of calories as fat, 4% as saturated fatty acids, 4% as polyunsaturated fatty acids, 150 mg/d cholesterol, and 40 g/d fiber). Blood samples for determination of plasma lipids and serum hormones were obtained during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle during both diets. Compared with the baseline diet, the low-fat, high-fiber diet resulted in significant decreases in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations during both the follicular and luteal phases (TC, -14% and -16%; LDL cholesterol, -14% and -17%; and HDL cholesterol, -15% and -18%, respectively). During the follicular phase but not the luteal phase on the low-fat, high-fiber diet, women exhibited significant increases in plasma triglyceride ([TG] 22%) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG (36%) concentrations. During the follicular phase, serum estrone sulfate concentrations decreased by 25% (P < .0001) when subjects were fed the low-fat, high-fiber diet. During this phase of the low fat, high-fiber diet relative to the baseline diet, changes in HDL cholesterol levels were significantly and positively associated with changes in estrone levels (r = .49, P < .02), and the ratio of TC to HDL cholesterol was inversely associated with the changes in estradiol and free estradiol levels (r = -.47 and r = -.43, P < .05, respectively). Our data are consistent with the concept that in premenopausal women, low-fat, high-fiber diets reduce estrone sulfate levels and both LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels without affecting the TC to HDL cholesterol ratio. Moreover, changes in estrone and estradiol levels are associated with changes in HDL cholesterol and HDL-TG levels. Copyright (C) 1995 by W.B. Saunders Company C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02111. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA. TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,FRANCES STERN NUTR CTR,BOSTON,MA. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,SCH MED,DEPT MED,WORCESTER,MA. RP SCHAEFER, EJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA54349, R37 CA45128]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00054] NR 54 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 44 IS 6 BP 749 EP 756 DI 10.1016/0026-0495(95)90188-4 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RB863 UT WOS:A1995RB86300012 PM 7783659 ER PT J AU ZARLENGA, DS GAMBLE, HR AF ZARLENGA, DS GAMBLE, HR TI MOLECULAR-CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF AN IMMUNODOMINANT 53-KDA EXCRETORY-SECRETORY ANTIGEN FROM TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS MUSCLE LARVAE (VOL 42, PG 165, 1990) SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition RP ZARLENGA, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSYSTEMAT PARASITOL & HELMINTH DIS LABS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 1 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 72 IS 1-2 BP 253 EP 253 DI 10.1016/0166-6851(95)00071-8 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA RV618 UT WOS:A1995RV61800025 PM 8538697 ER PT J AU SAUNDERS, JA LIN, CH HOU, BH CHENG, JP TSENGWA, N LIN, JJ SMITH, CR MCINTOSH, MS VANWERT, S AF SAUNDERS, JA LIN, CH HOU, BH CHENG, JP TSENGWA, N LIN, JJ SMITH, CR MCINTOSH, MS VANWERT, S TI RAPID OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTROPORATION CONDITIONS FOR PLANT-CELLS, PROTOPLASTS, AND POLLEN SO MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ELECTROPORATION; GENE TRANSFER; NICOTIANA; MEDICAGO ID TOBACCO PROTOPLASTS; GERMINATING POLLEN; DNA UPTAKE; GENE; ELECTROFUSION; EXPRESSION; VIABILITY; INTACT; GRAINS AB The optimization of electroporation conditions for maximal uptake of DNA during direct gene transfer experiments is critical to achieve high levels of gene expression in transformed plant cells. Two stains, trypan blue and fluorescein diacetate, have been applied to optimize electroporation conditions for three plant cell types, using different square wave and exponential wave electroporation devices. The different cell types included protoplasts from tobacco, a stable mixotrophic suspension cell culture from soybean with intact cell walls, and germinating pollen from alfalfa and tobacco. Successful electroporation of each of these cell types was obtained, even in the presence of an intact cell wall when conditions were optimized for the electroporation pulse. The optimal field strength for each of these cells differs, protoplasts having the lowest optimal pulse field strength, followed by suspension cells and finally germinating pollen requiring the strongest electroporation pulse. A rapid procedure is described for optimizing electroporation parameters using different types of cells from different plant sources. C1 USDA ARS, SARL, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NATL CHUNGHSING UNIV, DEPT BOT, TAICHUNG 40227, TAIWAN. UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT AGRON, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. LIFE TECHNOL INC, GAITHERSBURG, MD USA. RI McIntosh, Marla/A-3441-2011 OI McIntosh, Marla/0000-0002-4169-8615 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1073-6085 J9 MOL BIOTECHNOL JI Mol. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 3 IS 3 BP 181 EP 190 DI 10.1007/BF02789328 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RH341 UT WOS:A1995RH34100001 PM 7552687 ER PT J AU MCKNIGHT, RA SPENCER, M DITTMER, J BRADY, JN WALL, RJ HENNIGHAUSEN, L AF MCKNIGHT, RA SPENCER, M DITTMER, J BRADY, JN WALL, RJ HENNIGHAUSEN, L TI AN ETS SITE IN THE WHEY ACIDIC PROTEIN GENE PROMOTER MEDIATES TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION IN THE MAMMARY-GLAND OF PREGNANT MICE BUT IS DISPENSABLE DURING LACTATION SO MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSGENIC MICE; BINDING-SITES; EXPRESSION; HORMONE; DNA; ELEMENTS; REGION; CELLS; MOTIF AB The whey acidic protein (WAR) gene is specifically expressed in mammary tissue, and its transcription is,induced several thousand-fold during pregnancy and remains high throughout lactation. A purine-rich sequence (PRS) located around -110 of the WAP gene promoter is conserved between mice, rats, and rabbits, suggesting that it features a regulatory element. This PRS contains an invariant GGAA/T core motif characteristic of the binding site for Ets transcription factors. Electromobility shift assays demonstrate that Ets1 binds specifically to the PRS. Experiments in transgenic mice further demonstrate that this PRS/Ets site plays a critical role in the activation of WAP transgenes during pregnancy, but that its presence is not required for high expression throughout lactation. Transgenes with an intact PRS/Ets site are expressed at high levels at day 13 of pregnancy, with little further increase during late pregnancy and lactation. In contrast, WAP transgenes with a mutation in the PRS/Ets site, which abrogates the binding of Ets1, are not expressed at midpregnancy, but their transcriptional activity is not affected during lactation. These results demonstrate that Ets-signaling pathways can function as stage-specific transcriptional activators of milk protein genes in the developing mammary gland. In addition, this work extends earlier findings that gene activation during pregnancy and lactation is mediated, in part, by different mechanisms. C1 NIDDKD, BIOCHEM & METAB LAB, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE, MD 20725 USA. NCI, MOLEC VIROL LAB, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. RI Dittmer, Juergen/G-1160-2011 NR 36 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0888-8809 J9 MOL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Endocrinol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 9 IS 6 BP 717 EP 724 DI 10.1210/me.9.6.717 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RB545 UT WOS:A1995RB54500007 PM 8592517 ER PT J AU VENDITTI, ME NOEL, GR AF VENDITTI, ME NOEL, GR TI DESCRIPTION OF TYLENCHORHYNCHUS-ZAMBIENSIS N-SP (NEMATA, TYLENCHIDAE) FROM ZAMBIA SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE MAIZE; MORPHOLOGY; NEMATODE; NEW SPECIES; TAXONOMY; TYLENCHORHYNCHUS ZAMBIENSIS; ZEA MAYS AB Tylenchorhynchus zambiensis n, sp., associated with roots of maize (Zea mays L.) in Zambia, is described and illustrated. Females of this bisexual species are characterized by haring a body length of 512-648 mu m; a low, rounded, offset head region bearing 4 to 5 annuli; stylet 13.3-15.0 mu m long; tail with 21-32 ventral annuli, smooth tail tip; and presence of a post-anal intestinal sac. Tylenchorhynchus zambiensis n. sp. is most similar to T. brassicae Siddiqi, 1961; T. goffarti Sturhan, 1966; T. ventrosignatus Tobar-Jimenez, 1969; T. quaidi Golden, Maqbool & Handoo, 1987; and T. namibiensis Rashid & Heyns, 1990. It differs from T. brassicae by the presence of a post-anal extension of the intestine, a shorter stylet, absence of areolation in the lateral field, and the shape of the female tail. Tylenchorhynchus zambiensis n. sp. differs from T. goffarti by having fewer head annuli (4-5 vs. 6-7), a post-anal intestinal sac, and ratio a (26.7 vs. 33.0). Tylenchorhynchus zambiensis n. sp, can be distinguished from T. ventrosignatus by ratio a (26.7 vs. 31.5), an obscure hemizonid, the excretory pore near mid median bulb vs. anterior to bulb in T. ventrosignatus and the absence of a wave-like structure near the vulva. It differs from T. quaidi by having a rounded head region, presence of a post-anal intestinal sac, and lack of areolation in the lateral field. Tylenchorhynchus zambiensis n. sp. differs from T. namibiensis by a smaller body size, ratio a (26.1 vs. 43.3), ratio c (13.6 vs. 19.6), stylet length (14.0 vs. 17.0), number of annuli in the head region (4-5 vs. 6-9) and absence of areolation in the lateral field. RP VENDITTI, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,CTR ECON ENTOMOL,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD JUN PY 1995 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA RU799 UT WOS:A1995RU79900001 ER PT J AU FLEMING, D WOOD, RJ AF FLEMING, D WOOD, RJ TI PLASMA TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR HELPS TO PREDICT IRON-DEFICIENCY IN THE ANEMIA OF CHRONIC DISEASE SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID BONE-MARROW; DIAGNOSIS; FERRITIN; POPULATION AB A recent study by Ahluwalia and colleagues used a discriminant statistical analysis approach to determine that a combination of serum ferritin, plasma transferrin receptor concentration, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was the optimal set of variables for differentiating iron deficiency and the anemia associated with chronic disease in a group of elderly women. Iron deficiency was defined as a significant response in hemoglobin concentration after iron supplementation. The findings of this study suggest that iron deficiency can be relatively common among elderly anemic women with rheumatoid arthritis. Use of these three biochemical measures should be clinically useful to differentiate iron deficiency in the anemia of chronic disease. RP FLEMING, D (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,MINERAL BIOAVAILABIL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 53 IS 6 BP 167 EP 169 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RQ889 UT WOS:A1995RQ88900003 PM 7478311 ER PT J AU HARRINGTON, RA FOWNES, JH MEINZER, FC SCOWCROFT, PG AF HARRINGTON, RA FOWNES, JH MEINZER, FC SCOWCROFT, PG TI FOREST GROWTH ALONG A RAINFALL GRADIENT IN HAWAII - ACACIA-KOA STAND STRUCTURE, PRODUCTIVITY, FOLIAR NUTRIENTS, AND WATER-USE AND NUTRIENT-USE EFFICIENCIES SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE CARBON ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; LEAF AREA INDEX; NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY; PHOSPHORUS USE EFFICIENCY; SPECIFIC LEAF MASS ID CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; RESOURCE-USE EFFICIENCY; LEAF-AREA; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; METROSIDEROS-POLYMORPHA; SOIL NUTRIENTS; GAS-EXCHANGE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; FRACTIONATION AB We tested whether variation in growth of native koa (Acacia koa) forest along a rainfall gradient was attributable to differences in leaf area index (LAI) or to differences in physiological performance per unit of leaf area. Koa stands were studied on western Kauai prior to Hurricane Iniki, and ranged from 500 to 1130 m elevation and from 850 to 1800 mm annual precipitation. Koa stands along the gradient had basal area ranging from 8 to 42 m(2)/ha, LAI ranging from 1.4 to 5.4, and wood increment ranging from 0.7 to 7.1 tonnes/ha/year. N, P, and K contents by weight of sun leaves (phyllodes) were negatively correlated with specific leaf mass (SLM, g m(-2)) across sites; on a leaf area basis, N increased whereas P and K decreased with SLM. LAI, aboveground woody biomass increment, and production per unit leaf area (E) increased as phyllode delta(13)C became more negative. The delta(13)C data suggested that intrinsic water-use efficiency (ratio of assimilation to conductance) increased as water availability decreased. In five of the six sites, phyllode P contents increased as LAI increased, but biomass increment and E were not correlated with phyllode nutrient contents, suggesting that productivity was limited more by water than by nutrient availability. Because vapor pressure deficits increased with decreasing elevation, actual water-use efficiency (ratio of assimilation to transpiration) was lower at drier, low-elevation sites. There was a trade-off between intrinsic water-use efficiency and production per unit of canopy N or P across the gradient. In summary, koa responds to water limitation both by reducing stand LAI and by adjusting gas exchange, which results in increased intrinsic water-use efficiency but decreased E. C1 HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS ASSOC,AIEA,HI 96701. US FOREST SERV,INST PACIFIC ISL FORESTRY,HONOLULU,HI 96813. RP HARRINGTON, RA (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII MANOA,DEPT AGRON & SOIL SCI,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 NR 37 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUN PY 1995 VL 102 IS 3 BP 277 EP 284 DI 10.1007/BF00329794 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RD367 UT WOS:A1995RD36700003 PM 28306838 ER PT J AU TABACHNICK, WJ BLACK, WC AF TABACHNICK, WJ BLACK, WC TI TAXONOMY AND SYSTEMATICS - REPLY SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP TABACHNICK, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,UNIV STN,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD JUN PY 1995 VL 11 IS 6 BP 224 EP 225 DI 10.1016/0169-4758(95)80084-0 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA RA413 UT WOS:A1995RA41300011 ER PT J AU MORELAND, DE CORBIN, FT FLEISCHMANN, TJ MCFARLAND, JE AF MORELAND, DE CORBIN, FT FLEISCHMANN, TJ MCFARLAND, JE TI PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROSOMES ISOLATED FROM MUNG BEAN COTYLEDONS SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAURIC ACID; HYDROXYLATION; WHEAT; OXIDATION; METABOLISM; INDUCTION; CORN; CYTOCHROME-P-450; MONOOXYGENASE; METOLACHLOR AB Microsomes isolated from excised cotyledons of 3-day-old, dark-grown, mung bean (Vigna radiata, L., cv Berken) seedlings metabolized two endogenous substrates (cinnamic acid and lauric acid), three organophosphate insecticides (diazinon, isazofos, and methidathion), three acetamide herbicides (metolachlor, CGA-24704, and alachlor), and bentazon. Cinnamic acid was aryl hydroxylated forming p-coumaric acid. Lauric acid was primarily hydroxylated at the terminal carbon (omega-hydroxylation). The three alpha-chloroacetamides were O-demethylated. With all three organophosphate insecticides, the phosphorothionate sulfur was oxidized to the corresponding oxon and the phosphoroester oxygen was cleaved in both diazinon and isazofos. Bentazon was aryl hydroxylated forming the 6-hydroxy derivative. The concentration of cytochrome P450 in the microsomal preparations was marginally enhanced by pretreatment of the seed with naphthalic anhydride (NA), but was markedly increased by subirrigation of NA-treated seed with ethanol and was additionally increased with the combination of NA, clofibrate, and ethanol. The extent of metabolism of only lauric acid paralleled the increases in cytochrome P450 content. The various seed/seedling treatments, however, did approximately double the rate of metabolism of the three organophosphates, the three chloroacetamides, and bentazon. Metabolism required a reduced pyridine nucleotide and was affected by several cytochrome P450 monooxygenase inhibitors (carbon monoxide, tetcyclacis, piperonyl butoxide, 1-aminobenzotriazole, and SKF-525A). The inhibitors differentially affected metabolism of the substrates. Microsomal oxidations from both untreated and inducer-treated tissue responded similarly to the inhibitors. The differential inhibitory responses suggest that metabolism may involve several monooxygenase isoforms. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 CIBA GEIGY CORP,GREENSBORO,NC 27419. RP MORELAND, DE (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 52 IS 2 BP 98 EP 108 DI 10.1006/pest.1995.1034 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA RF147 UT WOS:A1995RF14700003 ER PT J AU WHEELER, MH BHATNAGAR, D AF WHEELER, MH BHATNAGAR, D TI INHIBITION OF AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION BY ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS WITH PENTACHLOROBENZYL ALCOHOL, PHTHALIDE, AND PYROQUILON SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOSYNTHESIS; CHLOBENTHIAZONE; TRICYCLAZOLE; PARASITICUS AB Two isolates of Aspergillus flavus were grown in shake cultures for 4 days at 30 degrees C with 0 to 8 mu g/ml of 2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorobenzyl alcohol (PCBA) or phthalide and 0 to 30 mu g/ml of pyroquilon. The three compounds significantly inhibited the accumulation of aflatoxins B-1, B-2, and B-2a in cultures of both isolates. The effect of PCBA was most pronounced, followed by phthalide and then pyroquilon. With isolate SRRC-2089, the control contained 365 +/- 45 mu g of aflatoxin B-1 per gram mycelial dry weight, while in cultures treated with 8 mu g/ml PCBA, phthalide or pyroquilon, aflatoxin B-1 levels decreased by 98, 86, and 48%, respectively. At the 8 mu g/ml level, phthalide and pyroquilon did not significantly inhibit fungal growth with SRRC-2089, but PCBA caused a decrease of 12% in mycelial dry weight. Precursor feeding studies with [C-14]norsolorinic acid demonstrated that the enzymes converting norsolorinic acid and later precursors to aflatoxins were not inhibited by these compounds. Thus, inhibition of aflatoxin synthesis by PCBA, phthalide, and pyroquilon seems to be earlier in the biosynthetic pathway before the synthesis of norsolorinic acid. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,COMMODITY SAFETY RES UNIT,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. RP WHEELER, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,COTTON PATHOL RES UNIT,2765 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 52 IS 2 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1006/pest.1995.1035 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA RF147 UT WOS:A1995RF14700004 ER PT J AU WHEELER, MH KLICH, MA AF WHEELER, MH KLICH, MA TI THE EFFECTS OF TRICYCLAZOLE, PYROQUILON, PHTHALIDE, AND RELATED FUNGICIDES ON THE PRODUCTION OF CONIDIAL WALL PIGMENTS BY PENICILLIUM AND ASPERGILLUS SPECIES SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MELANIN BIOSYNTHESIS; PENTAKETIDE METABOLITES; WANGIELLA-DERMATITIDIS; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; NIDULANS; PARASITICUS AB Nine compounds that inhibit 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)-melanin biosynthesis in Pyricularia oryzae were used to study their effect on pigment production in conidial walls of 11 Penicillium and 5 Aspergillus species. Conidial pigmentation in all of the fungi except A. flavus and A. parasiticus was inhibited by tricyclazole and, where tested, by most of the other compounds that inhibit melanin synthesis in Py. oryzae. The stronger inhibitors of DHN-melanin synthesis (tricyclazole, chlobenthiazone, and pyroquilon) were the strongest inhibitors of pigment synthesis by the Penicillum and Aspergillus species, and four of the other compounds (phthalide, PCBA, PP-389, and MQ) had a similar order of effect on pigment synthesis in the Penicillium and Aspergillus species as previously reported for melanin synthesis in Py. oryzae. Two of the weakest melanin inhibitors, coumarin and TQ, did not inhibit pigment synthesis. Flaviolin, a shunt product from the DHN-melanin pathway, was isolated from tricyclazole-treated cultures of 10 of 14 of the fungal isolates when they were grown on a special alkaline medium. Conidial wall pigmentation was inhibited by tricyclazole in the alkaline medium, and the effects of tricyclazole on conidial wall pigmentation and flaviolin accumulation occurred concurrently. These findings indicate that some of the Aspergillus isolates and all of the Penicillium isolates used in this study contain a reductase enzyme(s) that is involved in the biosynthesis of green pigments and that is inhibited by compounds that prevent DHN-melanin biosynthesis in a number of brown to black fungi. The accumulation of flaviolin in cultures containing tricyclazole suggests that pentaketide metabolites are used in the synthesis of these pigments. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,COMMOD SAFETY RES UNIT,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. RP WHEELER, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,COTTON PATHOL RES UNIT,2765 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 52 IS 2 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.1006/pest.1995.1037 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA RF147 UT WOS:A1995RF14700006 ER PT J AU LEPRINCE, O VERTUCCI, CW HENDRY, GAF ATHERTON, NM AF LEPRINCE, O VERTUCCI, CW HENDRY, GAF ATHERTON, NM TI THE EXPRESSION OF DESICCATION-INDUCED DAMAGE IN ORTHODOX SEEDS IS A FUNCTION OF OXYGEN AND TEMPERATURE SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE BEAN; CRITICAL MOISTURE CONTENT; DESICCATION TOLERANCE; ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE; FREE RADICALS; GERMINATION; MAIZE; OXYGEN; PHASEOLUS VULGARIS; TEMPERATURE; ZEA MAYS ID FREE FATTY-ACIDS; QUERCUS-ROBUR L; RECALCITRANT SEEDS; LANDOLPHIA-KIRKII; TOLERANCE; WATER; VIABILITY; MEMBRANES; STATE; AXES AB From the premise that desiccation-induced damage is associated with a free-radical mechanism of injury, we address the hypothesis that expression of desiccation damage is dependent on metabolism. The effects of temperature and O-2 concentration on the expression of damage were studied in germinating bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Pole Kentucky Wonder) axes and maize (Zea mays L. cv. Kelvedon Glory) radicles submitted to flash drying. Damage in desiccation-tolerant and -intolerant material was assessed by measurements of electrolyte leakage and accumulation of a stable free radical. In desiccation-tolerant material leakage rates remained low during water removal. In contrast, in desiccation-intolerant tissues, leakage profiles revealed the presence of a critical moisture content below which leakage rates increased sharply. In the desiccation-intolerant stage, a highly significant correlation was found between critical moisture contents and temperatures of drying. The concentration of the stable radical was lower if tissues were dried below 15 degrees C and higher when tissues were dried at 30 degrees C and above. Both leakage and build up of free radicals were highly sensitive to O-2 concentrations: damage was lower when tissues were dried in the presence of N-2, but increased several-fold when tissues were exposed to O-2 concentrations between 2 and 100%. In contrast, neither temperature nor O-2 concentrations affected electrolyte leakage in desiccation-tolerant samples. Treatment with a respiration inhibitor (KCN) prior to drying reduced the desiccation sensitivity of tissues, as noted by a reduction of the critical moisture content. We conclude that the expression of desiccation damage depends on the drying history and that factors that limit metabolism also reduce the incidence of desiccation injury. C1 UNIV SHEFFIELD,DEPT CHEM,SHEFFIELD S10 2TN,S YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. UNIV SHEFFIELD,DEPT ANIM & PLANT SCI,NERC,COMPARAT PLANT ECOL UNIT,SHEFFIELD S10 2TN,S YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. RP LEPRINCE, O (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. OI Leprince, Olivier/0000-0003-1414-8690 NR 30 TC 45 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 6 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 94 IS 2 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1995.940208.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RD027 UT WOS:A1995RD02700008 ER PT J AU ZACHEO, G BLEVEZACHEO, T PACODA, D ORLANDO, C DURBIN, RD AF ZACHEO, G BLEVEZACHEO, T PACODA, D ORLANDO, C DURBIN, RD TI THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HEAT-INDUCED SUSCEPTIBILITY OF TOMATO TO MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA AND PEROXIDASE-ACTIVITY SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE STRESS; F-SP GLYCINEA; DISEASE RESISTANCE; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; LIGNIFICATION; PURIFICATION; SPECIFICITY; EXPRESSION; CELLS AB Resistant tomato seedlings (cultivar VFN8) were tested for their reaction to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita at five temperatures between 27 and 38 degrees C. The data obtained showed that the seedlings became increasingly susceptible to M. incognita above 30 degrees C with an optimum at 34 degrees C. Seedlings incubated and inoculated at 34 degrees C, after 2 days showed a susceptible response, i.e., reduced necrosis and a higher number of galls. A temporary break of resistance could also be induced by conditioning uninoculated seedlings al higher temperatures for 6 days. The plants remained susceptible for 1-2 days when the temperature was shifted from 34 to 27 degrees C before inoculation. Chromatographic and electrophoretic analyses demonstrated that enhanced peroxidase activity accompanied nematode infection at 27 degrees C. High-temperature-induced susceptibility of tomato to M. incognita was correlated with low to no increase in peroxidase activity. The increase of peroxidases at 27 degrees C was due to an increase in activity of constitutive enzymes. Heat treatment reduced the lignin level of both infected and uninfected roots, indicating that the process of lignification was partially blocked by high temperature. The data provide evidence that heat-induced susceptibility is associated with a reduced hypersensitive reaction, and that there is a correlation between hypersensitivity and reduced peroxidase and lignin levels. C1 CNR,IST NEMATOL AGRARIA,I-70126 BARI,ITALY. UNIV LECCE,DIPARTIMENTO BIOL,I-73100 LECCE,ITALY. USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. RP ZACHEO, G (reprint author), CNR,IST BIOTECNOL AGROALIMENTARI,PROV LECCE MONTERONI,I-73100 LECCE,ITALY. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 46 IS 6 BP 491 EP 507 DI 10.1006/pmpp.1995.1037 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RK995 UT WOS:A1995RK99500005 ER PT J AU KLEIN, JD HANZON, J IRWIN, PL BENSHALOM, N LURIE, S AF KLEIN, JD HANZON, J IRWIN, PL BENSHALOM, N LURIE, S TI PECTIN ESTERASE-ACTIVITY AND PECTIN METHYL ESTERIFICATION IN HEATED GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLES SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE MALUS DOMESTICA; ROSACEAE; APPLE; CELL WALLS, HEAT TREATMENT; PECTIN METHYL ESTERS ID PECTOLYTIC ENZYME; FRUIT; DEGRADATION; QUALITY; STORAGE; CALCIUM; ANNA; ACID AB Pectin methylesterase activity and the degree of methyl esterification of cell wall pectins were measured in Golden Delicious apples after a 4 day heat treatment at 38 degrees and after subsequent storage at 0 degrees of heated and unheated apples. Enzyme activity increased similarly during storage in both heated and unheated apples, although heated fruit softened much less than unheated. During storage, the degree of esterification decreased in both heated and unheated apples in water- and CDTA-soluble pectin, but not in insoluble pectin. In a comparison of three methods of determining methyl groups, similar values were obtained-for degree of bulk esterification of apple cell walls, regardless of treatment. Results Presented do not confirm a role for pectin methylesterase or for de-esterification in apple fruit softening. C1 USDA ARS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP KLEIN, JD (reprint author), AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 20 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JUN PY 1995 VL 39 IS 3 BP 491 EP 494 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(94)00927-L PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA RH332 UT WOS:A1995RH33200003 ER PT J AU DAVILAHUERTA, G HAMADA, H DAVIS, GD STIPANOVIC, RD ADAMS, CM ESSENBERG, M AF DAVILAHUERTA, G HAMADA, H DAVIS, GD STIPANOVIC, RD ADAMS, CM ESSENBERG, M TI CADINANE-TYPE SESQUITERPENES INDUCED IN GOSSYPIUM COTYLEDONS BY BACTERIAL INOCULATION SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM; MALVACEAE; COTTON; XANTHOMONAS CAMPESTRIS PV MALVACEARUM; BACTERIAL BLIGHT OF COTTON; SESQUITERPENES; 7-HYDROXYCALAMENENE; 7-HYDROXYCALAMENEN-2-ONE ID HYPERSENSITIVELY NECROTIC CELLS; OCCURRING TERPENE DERIVATIVES; CAMPESTRIS PV MALVACEARUM; SEMIEMPIRICAL METHODS; COTTON COTYLEDONS; FLUORESCENT; LEAVES; 2,7-DIHYDROXYCADALENE; PHYTOALEXINS; OPTIMIZATION AB Two new sesquiterpenes, the cis- and trans-diastereomers of 7-hydroxycalamenen-2-one, as well as trans-7-hydroxycalamenene, have been identified in extracts from cotyledons of bacterial blight-resistant Gossypium hirsutum harvested during the period of sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin biosynthesis following inoculation with the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum. The cis- and trans-diastereomers were distinguished by NOE correlations predicted from molecular modelling calculations. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. RP DAVILAHUERTA, G (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JUN PY 1995 VL 39 IS 3 BP 531 EP 536 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(94)00958-V PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA RH332 UT WOS:A1995RH33200010 ER PT J AU ABBAS, HK EGLEY, GH PAUL, RN AF ABBAS, HK EGLEY, GH PAUL, RN TI EFFECT OF CONIDIA PRODUCTION TEMPERATURE ON GERMINATION AND INFECTIVITY OF ALTERNARIA-HELIANTHI SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALTERNARIA LEAF BLIGHT; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; MYCOHERBICIDE ID MONILINIA-FRUCTICOLA; SUNFLOWER; SPORULATION; BIOCONTROL; VIRULENCE; AGE AB Conidia of an isolate of Alternaria helianthi produced under different temperatures were studied for growth and infectivity on hosts and nonhosts. Infective conidia (5 x 10(4) conidia per mi) caused blight disease on 2- to 3-week-old hosts, including sunflower (Helianthus annuus), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), and common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarism), within 24 h of treatment. Disease symptoms included necrosis, stunting, wilting, and mortality of susceptible species. The fungus grew well from 18 to 30 degrees C, but growth was more rapid at 28 and 30 degrees C. More conidia were produced at 18 to 26 degrees C than at 28 or 30 degrees C. Infectivity decreased as conidia production temperature increased. The conidia produced at 28 and 30 degrees C were noninfective on their hosts. Infectivity was greatest when conidia had thick cell walls, high percent germination, and high number of germ tubes. Conidia produced at 18 to 22 degrees C germinated more rapidly than did conidia produced at 26 to 30 degrees C. Regardless of production temperature, germination was greater on host plants than on nonhost plants or filter paper. Histochemical studies showed that conidia produced at lower temperatures stained lightly for lipids and proteins and intensely for polysaccharides. Conidia produced at 28 degrees C were either empty or had gutuoles of lipids and only traces of proteins or polysaccharides. The conclusion drawn was that cellular degeneration at the higher temperatures was responsible for the reduced germination and infectivity. RP ABBAS, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 1995 VL 85 IS 6 BP 677 EP 682 DI 10.1094/Phyto-85-677 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RG606 UT WOS:A1995RG60600007 ER PT J AU NIKOLAEVA, OV KARASEV, AV GUMPF, DJ LEE, RF GARNSEY, SM AF NIKOLAEVA, OV KARASEV, AV GUMPF, DJ LEE, RF GARNSEY, SM TI PRODUCTION OF POLYCLONAL ANTISERA TO THE COAT PROTEIN OF CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS EXPRESSED IN ESCHERICHIA-COLI - APPLICATION FOR IMMUNODIAGNOSIS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PURIFICATION; SEQUENCE; GENE AB Using specific primers based on the sequence of the Florida isolate T36 of citrus tristeza virus (CTV), the coat protein (CP) gene was amplified by RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) from the severe California isolate SY568 of CTV. The RT-PCR product was cloned, sequenced, and subcloned into an expression vector pMAL-c2. The CTV CP was expressed as a fusion product containing a fragment of the Escherichia coli maltose-binding protein (MBP). This MBP-CP fusion protein reacted with CTV-specific antisera in immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After cell disruption, the MBP-CP fusion protein was purified to near homogeneity by amy lose resin affinity column chromatography giving a yield of 1 mg of fusion protein per 10 ml of E. coli culture. Antisera obtained from rabbits after injection with MBP-CP protein were specific to CTV, with a titer of about 10(5) in an indirect ELISA, and were suitable in ELISA for trapping. These polyclonal antisera reacted with a wide range of CTV isolates from different geographic sources, and of different biological properties. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. UNIV FLORIDA,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 19 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 1995 VL 85 IS 6 BP 691 EP 694 DI 10.1094/Phyto-85-691 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RG606 UT WOS:A1995RG60600009 ER PT J AU LEE, IM BERTACCINI, A VIBIO, M GUNDERSEN, DE AF LEE, IM BERTACCINI, A VIBIO, M GUNDERSEN, DE TI DETECTION OF MULTIPLE PHYTOPLASMAS IN PERENNIAL FRUIT-TREES WITH DECLINE SYMPTOMS IN ITALY SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MYCOPLASMA-LIKE ORGANISMS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTIONS; GRAPEVINE YELLOWS; 16S RDNA; DNA PROBES; IDENTIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE; AMPLIFICATION AB Nested polymerase chain reaction assays with two universal and four phytoplasma (formerly called mycoplasmalike organism) 16S rRNA group-specific primer pairs were employed to investigate etiologies of diseases associated with pear (decline), plum (leptonecrosis), nectarine (chlorotic leaf roll), and apricot (chlorotic leaf roll and decline) fruit crops grown in northern Italy. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of phytoplasma 16S rDNA sequences amplified with various combinations of these primer pairs revealed that two to four distinct types of phytoplasmas affiliated with phytoplasma 16S rRNA group I taster yellows phytoplasma and related strains), group III (peach X-disease and related phytoplasmas), group V (elm yellows phytoplasma and related strains), and group X (apple proliferation and related phytoplasmas) were associated with most diseases. Predominant phytoplasma strains associated with pear decline, apricot chlorotic leaf roll, and plum leptonecrosis were identified as members of group X (subgroups A and B). Phytoplasma strains associated with nectarine chlorotic leaf roll were members of group I. Minor phytoplasma strains (one or more distinct types) were also detected in each infected plant, except for those affected by apricot decline. C1 UNIV BOLOGNA,IST PATOL VEGETALE,BOLOGNA,ITALY. RP LEE, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 32 TC 241 Z9 253 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 1995 VL 85 IS 6 BP 728 EP 735 DI 10.1094/Phyto-85-728 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RG606 UT WOS:A1995RG60600016 ER PT J AU DALTON, FN AF DALTON, FN TI IN-SITU ROOT EXTENT MEASUREMENTS BY ELECTRICAL CAPACITANCE METHODS SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE IN-SITU ROOT MEASUREMENT; ROOTS; ROOT DEVELOPMENT; ROOT FUNCTION ID THIN-SECTION TECHNIQUE; SOIL CONTACT; GROWTH; WATER; MAIZE AB A conceptual model is presented that provides a rational basis for using plant root capacitance as an in-situ measurement for assessing plant root development. This method is based on measuring the electrical capacitance of an equivalent parallel resistance-capacitance circuit formed by the interface between soil-water and the plant root surface. Nutrient solution studies using tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) showed a good correlation between plant root capacitance and root mass. Stage of development studies showed plant root capacitance measurements capable of detecting root development rate and suggested the method to be sensitive to root function. Soil water content was shown to have a significant effect on plant root capacitance measurement. The possibility of using this technique to assess relative root function is discussed. Positioning of the plant shoot electrode was shown to also have a significant effect on measurement of plant root capacitance, demonstrating the need for using consistent measurement techniques. The electrical capacitance method shows considerable promise. More research is needed before it can be used routinely. RP DALTON, FN (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 27 TC 61 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUN PY 1995 VL 173 IS 1 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1007/BF00155527 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA RM938 UT WOS:A1995RM93800016 ER PT J AU HUNTER, WJ KUYKENDALL, LD AF HUNTER, WJ KUYKENDALL, LD TI SYMBIOTIC PROPERTIES OF 5-METHYLTRYPTOPHAN-RESISTANT MUTANTS OF BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID; NITROGEN FIXATION; PLANT HORMONES; RHIZOBIUM; TRYPTOPHAN ID RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; TRYPTOPHAN CATABOLISM; ACID; NODULATION; AUXOTROPHS AB The effect that resistance to 5-methyltryptophan (MT) has on the symbiotic properties of B. japonicum was examined in a survey of fourteen clones. Resistance to MT often involves a mutational alteration in the regulation of tryptophan biosynthesis. Resistant clones (MT(R)) were isolated from agar plates containing MT. In the selection process care was taken to avoid pigmented clones that are likely to accumulate large amounts of indole compounds or show increased tryptophan catabolism. Wild-type control clones (WTc) were isolated from plates containing no selective agent. In greenhouse studies, Tracy-M soybean plants were inoculated with the two types of clones. After six weeks, plants which were inoculated with the MT resistant clones showed a much greater range of symbiotic effectiveness than did plants that received the control clones. While most MT-resistant clones were poor symbionts or unchanged in their symbiotic performance, one clone was obtained that had significantly improved symbiotic properties. The procedure may offer a way of selecting for clones with improved symbiotic performance. These results also indicate a link between tryptophan biosynthesis and symbiotic effectiveness. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HUNTER, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL PLANT NUTR RES UNIT,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUN PY 1995 VL 173 IS 2 BP 293 EP 298 DI 10.1007/BF00011467 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA RR399 UT WOS:A1995RR39900013 ER PT J AU RITCHEY, KD KINRAIDE, TB WENDELL, RR AF RITCHEY, KD KINRAIDE, TB WENDELL, RR TI INTERACTIONS OF CALCIUM SULFITE WITH SOILS AND PLANTS SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM SULFITE; FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION RESIDUE; OXIDATION; SULFUR DIOXIDE; TOXICITY; TRITICUM AESTIVUM L AB CaSO3 is a by-product formed by several of the processes used for scrubbing SO2 from flue gas produced by coal-burning power generators. Using CaSO3 to improve the calcium status of acid soils would be a beneficial alternative to disposal in landfills. CaSO3 has biocidal properties and is used as a disinfectant and food and drink preservative. It is important to evaluate under what conditions application to soils would not harm plant growth. Laboratory experiments confirmed that two transformations of CaSO3 occurred in soil systems: (1) decomposition to produce SO2 gas, and (2) oxidation to calcium sulfate. Conversion to SO2 occurred in solution and soil at low pH, and acid soils treated with CaSO3 were initially toxic to seedling root growth. The degree of toxicity was time-dependent, with reduction in toxicity occurring as CaSO3 oxidized to calcium sulfate. Soil reaction also influenced toxicity, and at soil pH levels above 6, little seedling toxicity was evident. RP RITCHEY, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUN PY 1995 VL 173 IS 2 BP 329 EP 335 DI 10.1007/BF00011471 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA RR399 UT WOS:A1995RR39900017 ER PT J AU LEPRINCE, O COLSON, P HOUSSIER, C DELTOUR, R AF LEPRINCE, O COLSON, P HOUSSIER, C DELTOUR, R TI CHANGES IN CHROMATIN STRUCTURE ASSOCIATED WITH GERMINATION OF MAIZE AND THEIR RELATION WITH DESICCATION TOLERANCE SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ZEA MAYS L; CHROMATIN (STRUCTURE, CONDENSATION, PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES); CHROMATIN SPREADING; DESICCATION TOLERANCE; GERMINATION; SPECTROSCOPY ID BARLEY NUCLEI; CONDENSATION; ERYTHROCYTE; PROTEINS; SEEDS; DNA AB Morphological and physicochemical measurements of chromatin condensation were made on germinating maize (Zea mays L.) radicles to determine whether the loss of genetic activities that occurs during the loss of desiccation tolerance is linked to irreversible changes in chromatin condensation, Chromatin samples were compared at different stages of germination (0, 24 and 72h after imbibition), before (control) and after 24h of desiccation, Morphological changes in chromatin structure and condensation were characterized by a qualitative and quantitative electron microscope study of chromatin which was allowed to spread in 0.2mol m-(3) EDTA and then laid on coated microscope grids, The experiments showed similar levels of chromatin condensation in quiescent embryos and 24-h-old radicles (desiccation-tolerant material), After 72h of imbibition, when radicle emergence and desiccation intolerance had ceased, the chromatin underwent a major decondensation towards various lower order folded structures, Regardless of the desiccation tolerance stage, an in vivo drying treatment of 24- and 72-h-old radicles before chromatin extraction did not induce significant changes in the extent of condensation compared to their respective controls, Similar conclusions were drawn from measurements of several spectroscopy properties (absorbance ratios: A(260)/A(240), A(260)/A(400); thermal denaturation, and linear electric dichroism) of chromatin fragments that were obtained after nuclease digestion and then dissolved in 0.2 mol m(-3) EDTA, In quiescent and 24-h-old material, chromatin fragments were poorly soluble but highly stable during thermal denaturation. Chromatin fragments were 3.5-fold more soluble and less thermally stable in 72-h-old material than in 24-h-old material. In vivo desiccation had no significant effects on these properties compared to the respective controls, Collectively these data suggest that desiccation did not induce irreversible changes in tbe condensation properties of chromatin. The likelihood that the decondensation process occurring during germination is linked to the loss of desiccation tolerance is discussed. C1 UNIV LIEGE,DEPT BOT,B-4000 LIEGE,BELGIUM. USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. UNIV LIEGE,DEPT CHIM,SERV CHIM PHYS & MACROMOLEC,B-4000 LIEGE,BELGIUM. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 18 IS 6 BP 619 EP 629 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00563.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RD749 UT WOS:A1995RD74900002 ER PT J AU SCORZA, R CORDTS, JM RAMMING, DW EMERSHAD, RL AF SCORZA, R CORDTS, JM RAMMING, DW EMERSHAD, RL TI TRANSFORMATION OF GRAPE (VITIS-VINIFERA L) ZYGOTIC-DERIVED SOMATIC EMBRYOS AND REGENERATION OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; ORGANOGENESIS AB Transgenic grape plants were regenerated from somatic embryos derived from immature zygotic embryos of seedless grape (Vitis vinifera L.) selections. Somatic embryos were bombarded twice with 1 mu m gold particles using the Biolistic PDS-1000/He device (Bio-Rad Laboratories) and then exposed to Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58/Z707 containing the binary plasmid pGA482GG or pCGN7314, Following cocultivation, secondary embryos were allowed to proliferate on Emershad/Ramming proliferation (ERP) medium for 6 weeks before selection on ERP medium containing 20-40 mu g/ml kanamycin (kan). Transgenic embryos were identified after 3-5 months under selection and allowed to germinate and develop into rooted plants on Woody Plant Medium containing 1 mu M 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 1.5% sucrose, 0.3% activated charcoal and 0.75% agar. Integration of the foreign genes into these grapevines was verified by growth in the presence of kan, positive GUS and PCR assays, and Southern analysis. C1 USDA ARS, HORT CROPS RES LAB, FRESNO, CA 93727 USA. RP SCORZA, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN, 45 WILTSHIRE RD, KEARNEYSVILLE, WV 25430 USA. NR 27 TC 37 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD JUN PY 1995 VL 14 IS 9 BP 589 EP 592 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RK861 UT WOS:A1995RK86100011 PM 24185603 ER PT J AU CARSON, ML AF CARSON, ML TI INHERITANCE OF LATENT PERIOD LENGTH IN MAIZE INFECTED WITH EXSEROHILUM-TURCICUM SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE CORN; SETOSPHAERIA TURCICUM ID NORTHERN LEAF-BLIGHT; RESISTANCE GENE HTN; HELMINTHOSPORIUM-TURCICUM; YIELD LOSSES; MAJOR GENE; CORN; VIRULENT; RACE AB Extended latent period length is an important component of partial resistance of maize to northern leaf blight (NLB) caused by Exserohilum turcicum. Latent period length is easily measured on seedling plants under both field and greenhouse conditions and has been shown to be a relatively stable trait over a range of temperature and light conditions. The inheritance of latent period length was studied in F-2 and backcross generations of crosses of the experimental inbred line 69-1 (highly resistant, long latent period) and Mo17 (intermediately resistant, intermediate latent period) with the highly susceptible inbred line A632. Studies were conducted under both winter greenhouse conditions and in the field. Differences in mean latent periods between the two parental inbred lines varied from 14.1 days (A632 x 69-1; 1993 field experiment) to 1.8 days (A632 x Mo17; 1993 greenhouse experiment). Analysis of generation means of log-transformed latent periods revealed that over 92% of the variation among generation means could be explained by additive gene action and that dominance and epistatic effects were negligible. Heritability and gene number estimates were in agreement with previously published estimates for partial resistance to NLB measured as reduced disease severity on adult plants. Selection on some sort of progeny mean basis would probably be the most efficient and rapid means of selection for increased latent period and could potentially be more effective than selection for reduced NLB severity after anthesis. C1 USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP CARSON, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 79 IS 6 BP 581 EP 585 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RF137 UT WOS:A1995RF13700009 ER PT J AU ABBAS, HK OCAMB, CM AF ABBAS, HK OCAMB, CM TI FIRST REPORT OF PRODUCTION OF FUMONISIN B-1 BY FUSARIUM-POLYPHIALIDICUM COLLECTED FROM SEEDS OF PINUS-STROBUS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP ABBAS, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 2 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 79 IS 6 BP 642 EP 642 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RF137 UT WOS:A1995RF13700025 ER PT J AU KOIKE, ST SUBBARAO, KV AF KOIKE, ST SUBBARAO, KV TI FIRST REPORT OF ENDIVE AND ESCAROLE AS HOSTS OF SCLEROTINIA-MINOR SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,RES STN,SALINAS,CA 93905. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP KOIKE, ST (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SALINAS COOPERAT EXTENS,SALINAS,CA 93901, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 79 IS 6 BP 642 EP 642 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RF137 UT WOS:A1995RF13700027 ER PT J AU GERMAN, TL ADKINS, S WITHERELL, A RICHMOND, KE KNAACK, WR WILLIS, DK AF GERMAN, TL ADKINS, S WITHERELL, A RICHMOND, KE KNAACK, WR WILLIS, DK TI INFECTION OF ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA ECOTYPE COLUMBIA BY TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT RNA-POLYMERASE; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; INSECT VECTOR; L-PROTEIN; S-RNA; BUNYAVIRIDAE; ENDONUCLEASE; REPLICATION; VIRIONS; SEGMENT AB Mechanical inoculation of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia with tomato spotted wilt virus led to viral replication and spread as determined by dot blot and ELISA analysis. Severe symptoms were observed three to four weeks post-inoculation. Early symptoms were manifested as chlorotic spots on uninoculated leaves. Later in the infection process, some plants showed complete chlorosis and wilting prior to bolting. Bolts that were developed by infected plants were chlorotic and deformed. These preliminary results suggest that A. thaliana could become a model system for the genetic analysis of host factors required for the replication of viruses in the family Bunyaviridae, which includes viruses that cause important diseases of both plants and animals. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,PLANT DIS RESISTANCE UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI NEW BRUNSWICK PA DEPT 3091 RUTGERS-THE STATE UNIV OF NJ, NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ 08903 SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 13 IS 2 BP 110 EP 117 DI 10.1007/BF02668780 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA RJ506 UT WOS:A1995RJ50600001 ER PT J AU BAKER, B DINESHKUMAR, SP CORR, C WHITHAM, S AF BAKER, B DINESHKUMAR, SP CORR, C WHITHAM, S TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE TOBACCO MOSAIC-VIRUS RESISTANCE GENE N SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA ARS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RI Dinesh-Kumar, Savithramma/E-1153-2011; Baker, Barbara/L-7198-2016 OI Baker, Barbara/0000-0002-1276-971X NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900002 ER PT J AU COOK, RJ AF COOK, RJ TI IMPACT OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON CROP PRODUCTIVITY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 COOPERAT STATE RES EDUC & EXTENS SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 0 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900006 ER PT J AU SEDEROFF, R GRATTAPAGLIA, D WILCOX, P KUHLMAN, G CRANE, B MCCORD, S LIU, BH AMERSON, H WHTTEN, R OMALLEY, D AF SEDEROFF, R GRATTAPAGLIA, D WILCOX, P KUHLMAN, G CRANE, B MCCORD, S LIU, BH AMERSON, H WHTTEN, R OMALLEY, D TI APPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY TO FOREST TREES - DNA MARKERS TO STUDY NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL SELECTION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV GEORGIA,USDA,FOREST SERV LABS,ATHENS,GA 30602. RI Grattapaglia, Dario/B-5864-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900031 ER PT J AU FOX, TC SHAFF, JE NOVELL, WA KOCHIAN, LV AF FOX, TC SHAFF, JE NOVELL, WA KOCHIAN, LV TI UNCOUPLING FE2+ INFLUX FROM FERRIC REDUCTION IN PISUM-SATIVUM CV SPARKLE AND THE FE HYPERACCUMULATOR E107 SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900055 ER PT J AU SHACHARHILL, Y PFEFFER, PE DOUDS, D OSMAN, SF DONER, LW RATCLIFFE, RG AF SHACHARHILL, Y PFEFFER, PE DOUDS, D OSMAN, SF DONER, LW RATCLIFFE, RG TI PARTITIONING OF CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM IN VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL LEEK REVEALED BY NMR-SPECTROSCOPY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV OXFORD,DEPT PLANT SCI,OXFORD OX1 3RB,ENGLAND. USDA ARS,ERRC,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900063 ER PT J AU LUTHE, DS JIANG, B SIREGAR, U WILLEFORD, KO WILLIAMS, WP AF LUTHE, DS JIANG, B SIREGAR, U WILLEFORD, KO WILLIAMS, WP TI RELATIONSHIP OF A 33 KD PUTATIVE CYSTEINE PROTEINASE WITH FALL ARMYWORM (SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA) RESISTANCE IN MAIZE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900066 ER PT J AU HOLAPPA, LD WALKERSIMMONS, MK AF HOLAPPA, LD WALKERSIMMONS, MK TI IDENTIFICATION OF A WHEAT-PROTEIN KINASE GENE-RELATED TO THE ABA-UP-REGULATED PROTEIN-KINASE PKABA1 SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 28 EP 28 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900098 ER PT J AU CHAUBAL, R REGER, BI AF CHAUBAL, R REGER, BI TI CALCIUM-UPTAKE, RELEASE, AND PROGRAMMED DEATH IN SYNERGID CELLS OF PEARL-MILLET SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 29 EP 29 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900105 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, JM BUCHOLTZ, D GALLI, T COOK, A PETIK, J AF ANDERSON, JM BUCHOLTZ, D GALLI, T COOK, A PETIK, J TI MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL COORDINATION OF STARCH BIOSYNTHESIS DURING BARLEY SEED DEVELOPMENT SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. MONTANA STATE UNIV,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900109 ER PT J AU SHACHARHILL, Y PFEFFER, PE GERMANN, M AF SHACHARHILL, Y PFEFFER, PE GERMANN, M TI NMR METHODS FOR STUDYING PRIMARY CARBON AND NITROGEN-METABOLISM WITH GREATER SENSITIVITY USING HETERONUCLEAR 2-DIMENSIONAL (2D) SPECTROSCOPY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV,DEPT LIFE SCI,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RI German, Markus/L-1531-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900108 ER PT J AU ECKARDT, NA OGREN, WL AF ECKARDT, NA OGREN, WL TI PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN RUBISCO ACTIVASE ANTISENSE ARABIDOPSIS IN RELATION TO IRRADIANCE DURING GROWTH SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 33 EP 33 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900129 ER PT J AU BOOIJ, I DUBE, S EDELMAN, M MATTOO, A AF BOOIJ, I DUBE, S EDELMAN, M MATTOO, A TI IMPACT OF INCREASED ULTRAVIOLET-B (UV(B)) IRRADIATION IN A BACKGROUND OF VISIBLE-LIGHT ON TURNOVER OF PHOTOSYSTEM-II REACTION-CENTER PROTEINS IN UV(B) SENSITIVE (GLYCINE-MAX CV CNS) AND TOLERANT (G-MAX CV WILLIAMS) SOYBEAN PLANTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA REE,BARC,PLANT MOL BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. WEIZMANN INST SCI,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 34 EP 34 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900130 ER PT J AU VIGIL, EL FANG, TK AF VIGIL, EL FANG, TK TI EARLY COTTON SEED AND FIBER MATURATION - A NEW PARADIGM FOR REGULATION BY ABIOTIC STRESS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 40 EP 40 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900168 ER PT J AU SILER, DJ CORNISH, K AF SILER, DJ CORNISH, K TI BIOCHEMICAL-STUDIES OF CIS-1,4-POLYISOPRENE (NATURAL-RUBBER) BIOSYNTHESIS IN PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM, A NEW SOURCE OF HYPOALLERGENIC LATEX SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 42 EP 42 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900178 ER PT J AU GRUSAK, MA PEZESHGI, S AF GRUSAK, MA PEZESHGI, S TI ROOT FE(III) REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY IN THE DGL PEA MUTANT IS REGULATED BY A SHOOT-SPECIFIC SIGNAL SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 44 EP 44 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900191 ER PT J AU MARENTES, E SHELP, BJ VANDERPOOL, RA SPIERS, GA AF MARENTES, E SHELP, BJ VANDERPOOL, RA SPIERS, GA TI MOBILITY OF BORON IN BROCCOLI AND LUPIN SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV GUELPH,DEPT LAND RES SCI,GUELPH,ON N1G 2W1,CANADA. USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. UNIV GUELPH,DEPT HORT SCI,GUELPH,ON N1G 2W1,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 44 EP 44 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900190 ER PT J AU MINOCHA, R SHORTLE, WC LAWRENCE, GB DAVIS, MB MINOCHA, SC AF MINOCHA, R SHORTLE, WC LAWRENCE, GB DAVIS, MB MINOCHA, SC TI POLYAMINES AS BIOCHEMICAL MARKER OF STRESS IN TREES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NEFFS,USDA FOREST SERV,DURHAM,NH 03824. US GEOL SURVEY,ALBANY,NY 12201. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 45 EP 45 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900196 ER PT J AU BARKERBRIDGERS, M JONES, AM RIBNICKY, DM COHEN, JD AF BARKERBRIDGERS, M JONES, AM RIBNICKY, DM COHEN, JD TI RED-LIGHT CAUSES AUXIN TO DECREASE PREFERENTIALLY WITHIN THE EPIDERMIS OF THE MAIZE MESOCOTYL SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. PEMBROKE STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,PEMBROKE,NC 28372. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 46 EP 46 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900206 ER PT J AU MARTIN, MN COHEN, JD SLOVIN, JP AF MARTIN, MN COHEN, JD SLOVIN, JP TI ACC CONJUGATION TO MACC AND GACC IN DEVELOPING TOMATO FRUIT AND GERMINATING-SEEDS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 46 EP 46 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900203 ER PT J AU FENG, QL PATTEE, HE STALKER, HT AF FENG, QL PATTEE, HE STALKER, HT TI IN-VITRO FRUIT AND EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT OF ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA AS INFLUENCED BY NAA, GA3, 6-BAP, SUCROSE AND PH SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 47 EP 47 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900209 ER PT J AU TALIERCIO, EW SHANKER, S CHOI, JH CHOUREY, PS AF TALIERCIO, EW SHANKER, S CHOI, JH CHOUREY, PS TI MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF CELL-WALL INVERTASE IN DEVELOPING KERNELS OF MAIZE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 49 EP 49 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900221 ER PT J AU STARRETT, DA KANG, JK SUH, SG BYUN, JK GROSS, KC AF STARRETT, DA KANG, JK SUH, SG BYUN, JK GROSS, KC TI PCR AMPLIFICATION OF TOMATO AND PERSIMMON FRUIT BETA-GALACTOSIDASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 YEUNGNAM UNIV,DEPT HORT,KYONGSAN,SOUTH KOREA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 50 EP 50 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900228 ER PT J AU CHEN, HJ STARRETT, DA GROSS, KC AF CHEN, HJ STARRETT, DA GROSS, KC TI STRATEGY FOR CLONING BOTRYTIS-CINEREA RHAMNOGALACTURONASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 51 EP 51 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900235 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, JM AF ROBINSON, JM TI MODERATE NITROGEN STRESS OF SOYBEAN PLANTS RESULTS IN LIMITATION OF FOLIAR ANAPLEROTIC CARBON METABOLISM SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 55 EP 55 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900256 ER PT J AU SICHER, R AF SICHER, R TI DIURNAL AMYLOLYTIC ACTIVITY IN SOYBEAN LEAVES GROWN AT AMBIENT AND ELEVATED CO2 SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NRI,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 55 EP 55 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900257 ER PT J AU POTTER, JR FINN, CE AF POTTER, JR FINN, CE TI DIFFERENCES IN CAPACITY OF LEAVES TO EXPORT PHOTOSYNTHATE AMONG PEA AND STRAWBERRY GENOTYPES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 56 EP 56 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900262 ER PT J AU BURKE, JI AF BURKE, JI TI TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY OF CHLOROPHYLL ACCUMULATION IN ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 59 EP 59 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900285 ER PT J AU GILBERT, G GADUSH, M WILSON, C MADORE, M AF GILBERT, G GADUSH, M WILSON, C MADORE, M TI CARBON PARTITIONING IN COLEUS-BLUMEI DURING SALINITY STRESS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT BOT & PLANT SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. USDA,SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92502. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 59 EP 59 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900281 ER PT J AU HOUPIS, JLJ PUSHNIK, J ANSCHEL, D ANDERSON, P DEMAREE, R AF HOUPIS, JLJ PUSHNIK, J ANSCHEL, D ANDERSON, P DEMAREE, R TI INTRASPECIFIC VARIABILITY OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC TRAITS OF PINUS-PONDEROSA SUBJECTED TO LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO ELEVATED CO2 SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. US FOREST SERV,FOREST SCI LAB,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. CALIF STATE UNIV CHICO,DEPT BIOL SCI,CHICO,CA 95929. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 62 EP 62 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900303 ER PT J AU BOOKER, FL BRUNSCHONHARTI, S REID, CD FISCUS, EL MILLER, JE AF BOOKER, FL BRUNSCHONHARTI, S REID, CD FISCUS, EL MILLER, JE TI PHOTORESPIRATION IN SOYBEAN TREATED WITH ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE AND OZONE IN OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV GIESSEN,INST PFLANZENOKOL,W-6300 GIESSEN,GERMANY. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,AIR QUAL RES UNIT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP BOOKER, FL (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 63 EP 63 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900306 ER PT J AU FISCUS, EL REID, CD AF FISCUS, EL REID, CD TI POLLUTANT OZONE DOES NOT AFFECT STOMATAL LIMITATION TO PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN SOYBEAN IN AMBIENT OR ELEVATED CO2 SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,AIR QUAL RES UNIT,RALEIGH,NC 27606. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 63 EP 63 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900307 ER PT J AU PADGETT, PE BYTNEROWICZ, A KRYWULT, M AF PADGETT, PE BYTNEROWICZ, A KRYWULT, M TI UPTAKE AND ASSIMILATION OF ATMOSPHERIC NITRIC-ACID GAS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. POLISH ACAD SCI,INST BOT,PL-31343 KRAKOW,POLAND. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 63 EP 63 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900304 ER PT J AU ADAMSE, P BRITZ, SJ AF ADAMSE, P BRITZ, SJ TI DIFFERENCES IN UV-B SENSITIVITY - CHLOROSIS IN CUCUMBER LEAVES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 64 EP 64 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900313 ER PT J AU BRADOW, JM SASSENRATHCOLE, GF BAUER, PJ AF BRADOW, JM SASSENRATHCOLE, GF BAUER, PJ TI HOW DO ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS ALTER COTTON FIBER MORPHOLOGY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SRRC,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. CSRU,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. CPSWRC,FLORENCE,SC 29501. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 64 EP 64 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900312 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, JF ALLAN, DL VANCE, CP WEIBLEN, G AF JOHNSON, JF ALLAN, DL VANCE, CP WEIBLEN, G TI EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS STRESS ON CARBON METABOLISM AND ROOT EXUDATION IN LUPINUS-ALBUS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. HARVARD UNIV,DEPT BIOL,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 64 EP 64 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900315 ER PT J AU FAN, XT MATTHEIS, JP FELLMAN, JK AF FAN, XT MATTHEIS, JP FELLMAN, JK TI INHIBITION OF APPLE FRUIT ACC OXIDASE ACTIVITY AND RESPIRATION BY ACETYLSALICYLIC-ACID SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. UNIV IDAHO,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENTOMOL SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 69 EP 69 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900339 ER PT J AU SALVUCCI, ME CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ AF SALVUCCI, ME CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ TI NUCLEOTIDE PYROPHOSPHATE PHOSPHODIESTERASE-I FROM LEAVES OF DEFRUITED SOYBEANS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 69 EP 69 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900342 ER PT J AU YUNOVITZ, H GROSS, KC AF YUNOVITZ, H GROSS, KC TI THE TOMATO ARABINOSYL-CONTAINING N-GLYCAN IS NOT SYNTHESIZED VIA THE KNOWN N-GLYCOSYLATION PATHWAY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 69 EP 69 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900344 ER PT J AU CAMERON, RG GROHMANN, K AF CAMERON, RG GROHMANN, K TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A THERMALLY TOLERANT PECTINMETHYLESTERASE FROM CITRUS-SINENSIS VAR VALENCIA SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33881. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 70 EP 70 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900349 ER PT J AU MUHITCH, MJ AF MUHITCH, MJ TI EFFECTS OF EXPRESSING ESCHERICHIA-COLI THREONINE SYNTHASE IN TOBACCO CELL-CULTURES ON FREE AMINO-ACID LEVELS AND ASPARTATE PATHWAY ENZYMES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 71 EP 71 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900354 ER PT J AU OBENLAND, DM AUNG, LH AF OBENLAND, DM AUNG, LH TI INVOLVEMENT OF CYSTINE LYASE IN SULFUR GAS EMISSION FROM ANAEROBIC BROCCOLI FLORETS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 71 EP 71 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900351 ER PT J AU SEWALT, VJH BALLANCE, GM NI, W DIXON, RA AF SEWALT, VJH BALLANCE, GM NI, W DIXON, RA TI DEVELOPMENTAL AND ELICITOR-INDUCED EXPRESSION OF ALFALFA COMT AND CCOMT, METHYLATING ENZYMES IN PARALLEL PATHWAYS FOR MONOLIGNOL SYNTHESIS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SAMUEL ROBERTS NOBLE FDN INC,DIV PLANT BIOL,ARDMORE,OK 73401. UNIV MANITOBA,DIV PLANT BIOL,WINNIPEG,MB R3T 2N2,CANADA. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 74 EP 74 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900372 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, JV GRONWALD, JW GENGENBACH, BG AF ANDERSON, JV GRONWALD, JW GENGENBACH, BG TI CHARACTERIZATION OF ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE GENES IN SOYBEAN SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 75 EP 75 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900377 ER PT J AU GUSTINE, DL HULCE, DA MOYER, BG SHERWOOD, RT AF GUSTINE, DL HULCE, DA MOYER, BG SHERWOOD, RT TI AN ANKYRIN REPEAT-CONTAINING GENE IS EXPRESSED IN BUFFELGRASS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PSWMRL,US PASTURE RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. LOCK HAVEN UNIV,LOCK HAVEN,PA 17745. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 76 EP 76 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900384 ER PT J AU GRAYBURN, WS AF GRAYBURN, WS TI IDENTIFICATION OF A BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS STRAIN ACTIVE AGAINST ADULT RED SUNFLOWER SEED WEEVILS AND CLONING OF A DELTA-ENDOTOXIN GENE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 77 EP 77 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900390 ER PT J AU CHOU, JC KULECK, GA COHEN, JD MULBRY, WW AF CHOU, JC KULECK, GA COHEN, JD MULBRY, WW TI PARTIAL-PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN INDUCIBLE INDOLE-3-ACETYL-L-ASPARTIC ACID HYDROLASE FROM BACTERIAL STRAIN GK=12A SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PLANT BIOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. LOYOLA MARYMOUNT UNIV,DEPT BIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90045. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL RES,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOIL MICROBIOL SYST LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 78 EP 78 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900397 ER PT J AU ILIC, NM DUNLAP, JR TAYLOR, R BIALEK, K SLOVIN, JP COHEN, JD AF ILIC, NM DUNLAP, JR TAYLOR, R BIALEK, K SLOVIN, JP COHEN, JD TI IMMUNOLOCALIZATION OF IAA-PEPTIDES BY TISSUE PRINTING OF CANTALOUPE FRUIT SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. TEXAS A&M UNIV,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,WESLACO,TX 78596. USDA ARS,OA,CRS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 78 EP 78 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900395 ER PT J AU RIBNICKY, DM COHEN, JD COOKE, TJ AF RIBNICKY, DM COHEN, JD COOKE, TJ TI MICROSCALE ANALYSIS OF FREE AND CONJUGATED IAA BY GC-MS-SIM SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PLANT BIOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 78 EP 78 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900393 ER PT J AU TAM, YY SLOVIN, JP COHEN, JD AF TAM, YY SLOVIN, JP COHEN, JD TI THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT ON IAA TURNOVER IN LEMNA-GIBBA SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PLANT BIOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 78 EP 78 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900396 ER PT J AU FAN, XT MATTHEIS, JP FELLMAN, JK AF FAN, XT MATTHEIS, JP FELLMAN, JK TI INVOLVEMENT OF METHYL JASMONATE IN FRUIT RIPENING SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LABS,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. UNIV IDAHO,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENTOMOL SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 80 EP 80 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900409 ER PT J AU LEE, EH AF LEE, EH TI ANTIOXIDANT MECHANISM(S) OF ETHYLENEDIUREA AND OZONE PROTECTION - REEXAMINATION OF FREE-RADICAL SCAVENGER SYSTEMS IN SNAPBEAN EXPOSED TO O3 SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 81 EP 81 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900412 ER PT J AU HSU, AF WELLS, JM TU, SI AF HSU, AF WELLS, JM TU, SI TI ALTERATION OF PLASMA-MEMBRANE ATPASE AND PROTON TRANSPORT ACTIVITIES ASSOCIATED WITH ELEVATED GERMINATION TEMPERATURE OF MAIZE ROOTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900417 ER PT J AU WARNE, TR HICKOK, LG KINRAIDE, TB VOGELIEN, DL AF WARNE, TR HICKOK, LG KINRAIDE, TB VOGELIEN, DL TI SALT TOLERANCE CONFERRED BY THE STL2 MUTATION OF CERATOPTERIS-RICHARDII IS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED K+ TRANSPORT, GROWTH SENSITIVITY TO K+, AND TOLERANCE TO MG2+ SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT BOT,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. KENNESAW STATE COLL,DEPT BIOL & PHYS,MARIETTA,GA 30061. USDA,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 85 EP 85 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900436 ER PT J AU HART, JJ SULLIVAN, LA WELCH, RM NORVELL, WA KOCHIAN, LV AF HART, JJ SULLIVAN, LA WELCH, RM NORVELL, WA KOCHIAN, LV TI ZINC AND CADMIUM TRANSPORT IN ROOTS OF BREAD AND DURUM-WHEAT (TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L AND TRITICUM-TURGIDUM L VAR DURUM) SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 86 EP 86 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900446 ER PT J AU BURKEY, KO MATHIS, JN AF BURKEY, KO MATHIS, JN TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL LIGHT-REGULATED THYLAKOID MEMBRANE-PROTEIN SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI & BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. W GEORGIA COLL,DEPT BIOL,CARROLLTON,GA 30118. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900452 ER PT J AU BURKEY, KO AF BURKEY, KO TI PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON-TRANSPORT IN SOYBEAN IS RELATED TO PLASTOCYANIN POOL SIZE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900451 ER PT J AU ORTIZ, G ORT, DR AF ORTIZ, G ORT, DR TI CLONING OF THE GAMMA-SUBUNIT OF CF1-ATP SYNTHASE FROM A REDUCTION MUTANT OF ARABIDOPSIS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 88 EP 88 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900457 ER PT J AU KALLIS, R PORTIS, A AF KALLIS, R PORTIS, A TI TRANSFORMATION OF THE ARABIDOPSIS-RCA MUTANT WITH RUBISCO ACTIVASE CDNA ALTERED AT AN ATP BINDING-SITE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,SCH LIFE SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 90 EP 90 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900469 ER PT J AU PENNANEN, AH VU, JCV ALLEN, LH BOWES, G AF PENNANEN, AH VU, JCV ALLEN, LH BOWES, G TI ELEVATED CO2 AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON ENZYMES OF SUCROSE AND STARCH SYNTHESIS IN SOYBEAN SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV HELSINKI,DEPT PLANT BIOL,SF-00014 HELSINKI,FINLAND. UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT BOT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 90 EP 90 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900465 ER PT J AU VANDELOO, FJ SALVUCCI, ME AF VANDELOO, FJ SALVUCCI, ME TI IDENTIFICATION OF THE RUBISCO ACTIVASE SITE OF INTERACTION WITH RUBISCO SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WCRL,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 90 EP 90 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900467 ER PT J AU VU, JCV ALLEN, LH BOWES, G AF VU, JCV ALLEN, LH BOWES, G TI HIGH CO2 AND TEMPERATURE INTERACTIONS ON RUBISCO SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT BOT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 90 EP 90 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900466 ER PT J AU PACHEPSKY, LB ACOCK, B AF PACHEPSKY, LB ACOCK, B TI EFFECT OF LEAF INTERCELLULAR SPACE GEOMETRY ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND TRANSPIRATION RATE - EXPERIMENTS WITH THE MODEL 2DLEAF SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DUKE UNIV,PHYTOTRON,DURHAM,NC 27706. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYST RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 92 EP 92 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900479 ER PT J AU HUKRMAN, WJ TANAKA, CK AF HUKRMAN, WJ TANAKA, CK TI GERMIN GENE-EXPRESSION RESPONDS TO POWDERY MILDEW INFECTION OF WHEAT LEAVES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 93 EP 93 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900483 ER PT J AU BOO, S WEST, SH SASSER, JA NETO, JBF SHATTERS, RG AF BOO, S WEST, SH SASSER, JA NETO, JBF SHATTERS, RG TI IMMUNOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF A NOVEL PUTATIVE LATE EMBRYOGENIC ABUNDANT PROTEIN IN SOYBEAN SEEDS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,CROP GENET & ENVIRONM RES UNIT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. EMBRAPA CNPSO,BR-86001970 LONDRINA,BRAZIL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 96 EP 96 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900505 ER PT J AU CHENG, WH CHOUREY, PS AF CHENG, WH CHOUREY, PS TI BIOCHEMICAL-GENETIC ASPECTS OF CELL WALL-BOUND INVERTASE IN DEVELOPING SEEDS OF MAIZE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 96 EP 96 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900504 ER PT J AU SCHWEDER, M SHATTERS, RG SMITH, R WEST, SH AF SCHWEDER, M SHATTERS, RG SMITH, R WEST, SH TI IDENTIFICATION OF A POLYPHOSPHATE KINASE-LIKE GENE THROUGH ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTALLY-INDUCED RAPID-POLYMORPHISMS IN SOYBEAN SEEDS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,CROP GENET & ENVIRONM RES UNIT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 96 EP 96 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900501 ER PT J AU FELKER, FC AF FELKER, FC TI COMPARISON OF PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS ON THE MAIZE KERNEL BLACK LAYER AND THE PERICARP OF THE CHOCOLATE (CH) MUTANT SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 97 EP 97 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900507 ER PT J AU VANDERWOUDE, WJ ROSE, LP AF VANDERWOUDE, WJ ROSE, LP TI GABACULINE DELAYS THE ACCUMULATION OF LABILE AND STABLE PHYTOCHROME IN DORMANT LETTUCE EMBRYOS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 98 EP 98 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900515 ER PT J AU BLACKMAN, SA ROOS, EE AF BLACKMAN, SA ROOS, EE TI RESPIRATORY METABOLISM IN EMBRYOS FROM DETERIORATED SEEDS DURING EARLY IMBIBITION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NSSL,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 99 EP 99 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900520 ER PT J AU YAKLICH, RW WERGIN, WP ERBE, EF AF YAKLICH, RW WERGIN, WP ERBE, EF TI LOCALIZING WATER IN SEED TISSUES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 99 EP 99 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900518 ER PT J AU MERTENS, J REDINBAUGH, MG CAMPBELL, WH AF MERTENS, J REDINBAUGH, MG CAMPBELL, WH TI ARE G-PROTEINS INVOLVED WITH NITRATE SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION IN PLANTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,PHYTOTECH RES CTR,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900525 ER PT J AU CUDABACK, E SIMMONS, MKW AF CUDABACK, E SIMMONS, MKW TI IMMUNOANALYSIS OF AN ABA-RESPONSIVE PROTEIN-KINASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,QUAL PHYSIOL & DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 103 EP 103 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900543 ER PT J AU ARTLIP, T CALLAHAN, A WISNIEWSKI, M AF ARTLIP, T CALLAHAN, A WISNIEWSKI, M TI CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A DEHYDRIN GENE IN PEACH ASSOCIATED WITH COLD-ACCLIMATION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900554 ER PT J AU MAHAN, JR AF MAHAN, JR TI EFFECTS OF THERMAL-STRESS ON THE FUNCTION OF ISOCITRATE LYASE IN COTTON SEEDLINGS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 106 EP 106 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900560 ER PT J AU OLIVER, MJ WOOD, A VELTEN, J AF OLIVER, MJ WOOD, A VELTEN, J TI REHYDRINS TR288 AND TR155 - GENE ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ARS,CROPPING SYST LAB,LUBBOCVK,TX 79401. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 107 EP 107 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900570 ER PT J AU TABOR, CA SCHABERG, PG WILKINSON, RC BRETT, PW AF TABOR, CA SCHABERG, PG WILKINSON, RC BRETT, PW TI COMPARATIVE HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE OF LOW-ELEVATION AND HIGH-ELEVATION BALSAM FIR FROM FIELD AND COMMON GARDEN SOURCES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,BURLINGTON,VT 05402. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 109 EP 109 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900578 ER PT J AU RUTZKE, MA KOCHIAN, LV AF RUTZKE, MA KOCHIAN, LV TI THE DETERMINATION OF ALUMINUM FLUXES IN CHARA SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 111 EP 111 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900591 ER PT J AU IM, KH CHOUREY, PS AF IM, KH CHOUREY, PS TI REGULATION OF SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE GENE-EXPRESSION IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC AND NONPHOTOSYNTHETIC TISSUES IN MAIZE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 121 EP 121 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900651 ER PT J AU KALINSKI, A DWIVEDI, RS ROWLEY, D HERMAN, E AF KALINSKI, A DWIVEDI, RS ROWLEY, D HERMAN, E TI DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATION OF EXPRESSION AND ACCUMULATION OF SOYBEAN VEGETATIVE-CELL THIOL PROTEASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 125 EP 125 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900679 ER PT J AU REGER, BJ CHAUBAL, R AF REGER, BJ CHAUBAL, R TI HISTOCHEMICAL-LOCALIZATION OF GLUCOSE IN PEARL-MILLET OVARY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 125 EP 125 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900677 ER PT J AU PATHIRANA, SM SAMAC, DA ROEVEN, R VANCE, CP GANTT, JS AF PATHIRANA, SM SAMAC, DA ROEVEN, R VANCE, CP GANTT, JS TI ANALYSES OF PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE GENE STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION IN ALFALFA NODULES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 126 EP 126 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900684 ER PT J AU REDINBAUGH, MG HENDRIX, KW CAMPBELL, WH AF REDINBAUGH, MG HENDRIX, KW CAMPBELL, WH TI NITRATE REDUCTASE EXPRESSION IN MAIZE SUSPENSION-CULTURE CELLS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,PHYTOTECHNOL RES CTR,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 126 EP 126 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900680 ER PT J AU SHI, LF TWARY, SN MILLER, SS GREGERSON, RG SAMAC, DA GANTT, IS UNKEFER, PI VANCE, CP AF SHI, LF TWARY, SN MILLER, SS GREGERSON, RG SAMAC, DA GANTT, IS UNKEFER, PI VANCE, CP TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A NODULE ENHANCED ASPARAGINE SYNTHETASE GENE FROM ALFALFA SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,USDA ARS,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 126 EP 126 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900683 ER PT J AU ROWLEY, D KALINSKI, A KJEMTRUP, S HERMAN, E AF ROWLEY, D KALINSKI, A KJEMTRUP, S HERMAN, E TI SOYBEAN OLEOSIN GENES POSSESS A PROXIMAL 5' DOMAIN WITH PROMOTER ELEMENTS SIMILAR TO THOSE OF LEGUME STORAGE PROTEINS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT BIOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 128 EP 128 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900692 ER PT J AU KATONOGUCHI, H WATADA, AE AF KATONOGUCHI, H WATADA, AE TI EFFECTS OF LOW-OXYGEN ATMOSPHERE ON GLYCOLYSIS IN CARROT ROOT TISSUES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 130 EP 130 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900709 ER PT J AU LAROSA, PC SMIGOCKI, AC AF LAROSA, PC SMIGOCKI, AC TI A CYTOCHROME-P450 ENZYME CDNA ISOLATED FROM CYTOKININ-MODULATED MESSENGER-RNA TRANSCRIPTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 131 EP 131 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900713 ER PT J AU TIBBOT, BK SKADSEN, RW AF TIBBOT, BK SKADSEN, RW TI CLONING AND ANALYSIS OF A GA-REGULATED ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE GENE FROM BARLEY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53705. USDA,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 132 EP 132 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900717 ER PT J AU LIU, H ORT, DR AF LIU, H ORT, DR TI EFFECT OF CHILLING EXPOSURE ON THE STABILITY AND TRANSLATION OF RUBISCO ACTIVASE MESSENGER-RNA IN TOMATO SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA,ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 133 EP 133 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900727 ER PT J AU SUBRAMANIAM, K UENG, PP AF SUBRAMANIAM, K UENG, PP TI MOLECULAR-CLONING OF 2 DIFFERENT 1-AMINO CYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE CDNAS IN ETIOLATED WHEAT SEEDLINGS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC W,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 134 EP 134 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900730 ER PT J AU KUO, TM RAYFORD, WE AF KUO, TM RAYFORD, WE TI NEAR-INFRARED TRANSMISSION ANALYSIS OF SOLUBLE OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN WHOLE SOYBEAN SEEDS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PHYTOPPROD RES & ANALYT CHEM SUPPORT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 136 EP 136 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900743 ER PT J AU KETCHUM, REB GIBSON, DM AF KETCHUM, REB GIBSON, DM TI CHARACTERIZATION OF TAXOL PRODUCTION IN CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES OF TAXUS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,UKS PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 137 EP 137 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900749 ER PT J AU MEHTA, AD FLAHERTY, JE CLEVELAND, TE AF MEHTA, AD FLAHERTY, JE CLEVELAND, TE TI INVESTIGATION OF THE POTENTIAL ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF A MAIZE RIBOSOME-INACTIVATING PROTEIN SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 138 EP 138 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900755 ER PT J AU CARDINALE, FC JENNINGS, JC ANDERSON, JD AF CARDINALE, FC JENNINGS, JC ANDERSON, JD TI USE OF THE ETHYLENE-ACTION INHIBITOR, 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE, TO STUDY THE ROLE OF ETHYLENE IN ELICITOR-INDUCED ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS IN TOMATO LEAVES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV TURIN,DIVAPRA,I-10124 TURIN,ITALY. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Cardinale, Francesca/B-9758-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 140 EP 140 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900768 ER PT J AU JENNINGS, JC ANDERSON, JD AF JENNINGS, JC ANDERSON, JD TI PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES OF POPPY TO ELICITORS FROM FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 140 EP 140 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900769 ER PT J AU MELLON, JE COTTY, PJ AF MELLON, JE COTTY, PJ TI CONSERVATION OF PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY AMONG ISOLATES OF ASPERGILLUS SECTION FLAVI SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 140 EP 140 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900765 ER PT J AU BACHMANN, M HARMON, AC HUBER, SC AF BACHMANN, M HARMON, AC HUBER, SC TI CALCIUM IS REQUIRED FOR THE POSTTRANSLATIONAL REGULATION OF SPINACH LEAF NITRATE REDUCTASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV N CAROLINA,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT BOT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 141 EP 141 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900775 ER PT J AU LIVINGSTON, DP GILDOW, FE LIU, SY AF LIVINGSTON, DP GILDOW, FE LIU, SY TI FRUCTAN SYNTHESIS IN STEMS OF BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS-INFECTED OATS - ENZYME-ACTIVITY AND ISOMER ACCUMULATION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT CROP SCI,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 141 EP 141 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900770 ER PT J AU HUBER, SC HUBER, JL CHOUREY, PS HANNAH, CL KOCH, K AF HUBER, SC HUBER, JL CHOUREY, PS HANNAH, CL KOCH, K TI SUCROSE SYNTHASE IS PHOSPHORYLATED IN-VIVO IN MAIZE LEAVES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP SCI, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT HORT SCI, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT HORT SCI, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 142 EP 142 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900776 ER PT J AU MCMICHAEL, RW HUBER, SC AF MCMICHAEL, RW HUBER, SC TI SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE IS INACTIVATED BY A CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 142 EP 142 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900777 ER PT J AU SCHOENBECK, MA GREGERSON, RG SAMAC, DA GANTT, JS VANCE, CP AF SCHOENBECK, MA GREGERSON, RG SAMAC, DA GANTT, JS VANCE, CP TI A MAP KINASE HOMOLOG FROM ALFALFA ROOT-NODULE LIBRARY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 142 EP 142 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900778 ER PT J AU GILLIKIN, JW SISCO, PH BOSTON, RS AF GILLIKIN, JW SISCO, PH BOSTON, RS TI BIOCHEMICAL AND GENETIC APPROACHES TO IDENTIFY THE MOLECULAR-BASIS OF 3 HIGH-LYSINE MAIZE MUTANTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT BOT,TUCSON,AZ 85721. UNIV ARIZONA,USDA,DEPT CROP SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 145 EP 145 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900795 ER PT J AU HO, I CRAWFORD, R LI, CY AF HO, I CRAWFORD, R LI, CY TI PHYTOHORMONAL ACTIVITY OF FUNGAL MATS IN FOREST SOIL SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 147 EP 147 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900810 ER PT J AU MERHAUT, DJ GRUSAK, MA AF MERHAUT, DJ GRUSAK, MA TI ROOT CA INFLUX KINETICS IN 2 GREEN BEAN CULTIVARS DIFFERING IN CA CONCENTRATION OF MATURE PODS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 148 EP 148 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900811 ER PT J AU WANG, JM KLEIN, RR HOUTZ, RL AF WANG, JM KLEIN, RR HOUTZ, RL TI TRANSFORMATION OF ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA WITH A PEA RUBISCO LSMT CDNA SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT IRON STEEL & OTHER MET,PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCHEM MOLEC BIOL PROGRMA,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 151 EP 151 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900833 ER PT J AU KAMO, K OCONNOR, A GELVIN, S AF KAMO, K OCONNOR, A GELVIN, S TI FACTORS AFFECTING AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED GUS EXPRESSION IN GLADIOLUS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,FLORAL & NURSERY PLANTS RES UNIT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 152 EP 152 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900835 ER PT J AU HENSON, CA LIVINGSTON, D AF HENSON, CA LIVINGSTON, D TI OAT FRUCTAN HYDROLASE - PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 SU S BP 153 EP 153 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RE289 UT WOS:A1995RE28900840 ER PT J AU FRYER, MJ OXBOROUGH, K MARTIN, B ORT, DR BAKER, NR AF FRYER, MJ OXBOROUGH, K MARTIN, B ORT, DR BAKER, NR TI FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC QUANTUM EFFICIENCY IN MAIZE AT LOW GROWTH TEMPERATURE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYSTEM-II; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; MEMBRANE ENERGIZATION; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; PEA-CHLOROPLASTS; CO2 ASSIMILATION; ZEA-MAYS; PHOTOINHIBITION; LEAVES; YIELD AB The photosynthetic productivity of maize (Zea mays) in temperate regions is often limited by low temperatures. The factors responsible for the sensitivity of photosynthesis in maize to growth at suboptimal temperature were investigated by measuring (a) the quantum yields of CO2 fixation and photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry, (b) the pigments of the xanthophyll cycle, (c) the concentrations of active and inactive PSII reaction centers, and (d) the synthesis of core components of PSII reaction centers. Measurements were made on fully expanded leaves grown at 14 degrees C, both before and during the first 48 h after transfer of these plants to 25 degrees C. Our findings indicate that zeaxanthin-related quenching of absorbed excitation energy at PSII is, quantitatively, the most important factor determining the depressed photosynthetic efficiency in 14 degrees C-grown plants. Despite the photoprotection afforded by zeaxanthin-related quenching of absorbed excitation energy, a significant and more persistent depression of photosynthetic efficiency appears to result from low temperature-induced inhibition of the rate at which damaged PSII centers can be replaced. C1 UNIV ESSEX,DEPT BIOL,COLCHESTER CO4 3SQ,ESSEX,ENGLAND. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. PIONEER HI BRED INT INC,DEPT RES,JOHNSTON,IA 50131. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTHESIS RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 26 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 BP 761 EP 767 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RD184 UT WOS:A1995RD18400037 ER PT J AU ZHOU, RG KROCZYNSKA, B HAYMAN, GT MIERNYK, JA AF ZHOU, RG KROCZYNSKA, B HAYMAN, GT MIERNYK, JA TI ATJ2, AN ARABIDOPSIS HOMOLOG OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI DNAJ SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; MOLECULAR CHAPERONE; EXPRESSION C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 BP 821 EP 822 DI 10.1104/pp.108.2.821 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RD184 UT WOS:A1995RD18400044 PM 7610169 ER PT J AU SHANKER, S SALAZAR, RW TALIERCIO, EW CHOUREY, PS AF SHANKER, S SALAZAR, RW TALIERCIO, EW CHOUREY, PS TI CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FULL-LENGTH CDNA-ENCODING CELL-WALL INVERTASE FROM MAIZE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID BETA-FRUCTOSIDASE; ACCUMULATION; EXPRESSION; PHENOTYPE; TOBACCO; GROWTH C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 11 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 2 BP 873 EP 874 DI 10.1104/pp.108.2.873 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RD184 UT WOS:A1995RD18400070 PM 7610195 ER PT J AU WILSON, C SHANNON, MC AF WILSON, C SHANNON, MC TI SALT-INDUCED NA+/H+ ANTIPORT IN ROOT PLASMA-MEMBRANE OF A GLYCOPHYTIC AND HALOPHYTIC SPECIES OF TOMATO SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM; TOMATO; H+-ATPASE; PLASMA MEMBRANE; ANTIPORT; SALT TOLERANCE; SALINITY ID ATPASE GENE-EXPRESSION; TONOPLAST VESICLES; STORAGE TISSUE; RED BEET; ATRIPLEX-NUMMULARIA; PROTON-TRANSPORT; BETA-VULGARIS; SODIUM-EFFLUX; PLANT-CELLS; DELTA-PSI AB Plasma membrane and tonoplast vesicles were isolated from roots of both the glycophytic cultivated tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill, cv. Heinz 1350) and its halophytic wild relative, Lycopersicon cheesmanii (Hook, C.H. Mull, ecotype 1401) grown under control and saline conditions. MgATP-dependent proton transport was measured by determining the rate of quench of quinacrine fluorescence, Rates of quench and rates of ATP hydrolysis were higher for both the plasma membrane and tonoplast from both species when grown under saline conditions. When ATPase activity was measured, the degree of stimulation of ATP hydrolysis in the presence of KCl, NaCl, and choline chloride was similar for the plasma membrane from control and salt grown plants. However, NaCl gave lower rates of proton transport than did KCl or choline chloride for the plasma membrane of both L. esculentum and L. cheesmanii grown under saline conditions, This may be interpreted as evidence of Na+/H+ antiport. A pH gradient (acid interior) was formed in vesicles by adding MgATP. After the establishment of a proton gradient, the effect of cations on proton efflux was estimated by adding EDTA to chelate the Mg2+. Fluorescence recovery rate was used as an indication of the rate of proton efflux. The addition bf Na+ enhanced fluorescence recovery compared to K+ in plasma membranes from both species grown under saline conditions. Addition of K+ and valinomycin to the assay media did not affect Na+/H+ exchange, nor did addition of amiloride. No evidence was found for a Na+/H+ antiport mechanism in the tonoplast of either L. esculentum or L. cheesmanii regardless of growth conditions. C1 USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. NR 40 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 107 IS 2 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(95)04105-4 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA RA464 UT WOS:A1995RA46400002 ER PT J AU FRANCISCO, PB HARPER, JE AF FRANCISCO, PB HARPER, JE TI TRANSLOCATABLE LEAF SIGNAL AUTOREGULATES SOYBEAN NODULATION SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE APPROACH- AND WEDGE-GRAFTS; AUTOREGULATION; GLYCINE MAX (L) MERR; LEAF CUTTINGS; SOYBEAN NODULATION; SHOOT-DERIVED INHIBITOR ID MAX L MERR; GOVERNING NODULATION; NODULE DEVELOPMENT; ROOT-CELLS; MUTANTS; SUPERNODULATION; SUPPRESSION; SHOOT; SYMBIOSIS AB In soybean (Glvcine max (L.) Merr.), expression of the hypernodulation phenotype appears to be controlled by the shoot. The current study attempted to localize the source of the nodulation signal in soybean cv. Williams 82 and its hypernodulating mutant NOD1-3, Wedge grafts (replacement of entire shoot) and approach grafts (addition of a shoot) were utilized and the shoot (scion) treatments ranged front complete shoots to various combinations of leaf, cotyledon, and apex removal from the grafted scion. Leaf-bearing wedge-grafted or approach-grafted scion types dictated the nodulation phenotype of the host plant. Scions with more leaves were clearly more effective in altering nodulation. Scions with leaves and without apices were as effective in altering nodulation as were scions with both leaves and apices. This confirmed the report by Delves et al. (Plant Cell Environ., 15 (1992) 249-254), but in neither case are results definitive as new buds continued to form which may provide stimulus for nodulation control. Leaf and shoot cuttings which were stimulated to form roots were also examined for expression of nodulation. Leaf cuttings, which were devoid of any meristematic apices, exhibited nodulation phenotypes similar to that of the shoot cuttings, i.e. leaf and shoot cuttings of Williams 82 were normally nodulated while those of NOD1-3 were hypernodulated. The leafcutting approach definitively showed that the leaf, and not the apex, was the synthesis site of a translocatable signal controlling autoregulation of nodule number. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS, USDA ARS, PLANT PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT, PLANT & ANIM BIOTECHNOL LAB 331, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 107 IS 2 BP 167 EP 176 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(95)04107-6 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA RA464 UT WOS:A1995RA46400004 ER PT J AU PUEYO, JJ CHRISPEELS, MJ HERMAN, EM AF PUEYO, JJ CHRISPEELS, MJ HERMAN, EM TI DEGRADATION OF TRANSPORT-COMPETENT DESTABILIZED PHASEOLIN WITH A SIGNAL FOR RETENTION IN THE ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM OCCURS IN THE VACUOLE SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; PHASEOLIN; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; VACUOLE ID STORAGE PROTEIN PHASEOLIN; NEWLY SYNTHESIZED PROTEINS; MUNG BEAN COTYLEDONS; VIRUS-G-PROTEIN; BINDING-PROTEIN; VICILIN PEPTIDOHYDROLASE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ENDOPEPTIDASE EP-C1; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; PLASMA-MEMBRANE AB To understand how plant cells exert quality control over the proteins that pass through the secretory system we examined the transport and accumulation of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) vacuolar storage protein phaseolin, structurally modified to contain a helix-breaking epitope and carboxyterminal HDEL, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retention signal. The constructs were expressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) with a seed-specific promoter. The results show that phaseolin-HDEL accumulates in the protein-storage vacuoles, indicating that HEDL does not contain sufficient information for retention in the ER. However, the ER of seeds expressing the phaseolin-HDEL construct contain relatively more phaseolin-HDEL compared to phaseolin in the ER of seeds expressing the phaseolin construct. This result indicates that the flow out of the ER is retarded but not arrested by the presence of HDEL. Introduction into phaseolin of the epitope ''himet'' (Hoffman et al., 1988, Plant Mol. Biol. 11, 717-729) greatly reduces the accumulation of HiMet phaseolin compared to normal phaseolin. However, the increased abundance within the ER is similar for both phaseolin-HDEL and HiMet phaseolin-HDEL. Using immunocytochemistry with specific antibodies, HiMet phaseolin was found in the ER, the Golgi stack, and in transport vesicles indicating that it was transport competent. It was also present at an early stage of seed development in the protein-storage vacuoles, but was not found there at later stages of seed development. Together these results support the conclusion that the HiMet epitope did not alter the structure of the protein sufficiently to make it transport incompetent. However, the protein was sufficiently destabilized to be degraded by vacuolar proteases. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT BIOL,9500 GILMAN DR,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RI Pueyo, Jose/D-8993-2016 OI Pueyo, Jose/0000-0003-0337-4078 NR 54 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD JUN PY 1995 VL 196 IS 3 BP 586 EP 596 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RJ248 UT WOS:A1995RJ24800025 PM 7647686 ER PT J AU MERCIER, J WILSON, CL AF MERCIER, J WILSON, CL TI EFFECT OF WOUND MOISTURE ON THE BIOCONTROL BY CANDIDA-OLEOPHILA OF GRAY MOLD ROT (BOTRYTIS-CINEREA) OF APPLE SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTAGONISM; APPLE; BIOCONTROL; BOTRYTIS CINEREA; CANDIDA OLEOPHILA; DISEASE; FRUIT; GRAY MOLD; POSTHARVEST; ROT; STORAGE; WOUND; YEAST ID POSTHARVEST DISEASES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FRUITS; VEGETABLES AB The effect of moisture on the growth and performance of Candida oleophila, an antagonistic yeast considered for the biocontrol of storage diseases of fruits, was studied with various indirect methods on wounds of mature apples stored at 18 degrees C. Typically, introduced populations of C. oleophila increased about 32 times during the initial 24 h following their introduction to fresh wounds, and remained stable afterwards. Air-drying the wound surface for 24 h before application of C. oleophila significantly reduced growth of the yeast. Conversely, fresh wounds wetted with water four times daily had higher populations on days 2 and 4, but not on day 1. The incubation of fresh wounds at two different relative humidity levels (58 and 95%) had no effect on yeast growth. Candida oleophila effectively reduced the development of gray mold rot caused by Botrytis cinerea when applied to wounds two hours before the pathogen. The biocontrol of gray mold rot was more effective when C. oleophila was applied to fresh wounds rather than one-day-old wounds. However, one-day-old wounds were less susceptible to infection by B. cinerea than were fresh wounds. It is concluded that moisture becomes rapidly limiting for yeast growth as the wound surface dries, and possibly causes population levels to stabilize after the initial increase 24 h following yeast introduction to fresh wounds. For this reason, the application of C. oleophila should follow the occurrence of wounding as soon as possible in order to obtain optimal disease control during storage. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. NR 12 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 6 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1016/0925-5214(94)00050-3 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA RE270 UT WOS:A1995RE27000002 ER PT J AU MCCOLLUM, TG DOOSTDAR, H MAYER, RT MCDONALD, RE AF MCCOLLUM, TG DOOSTDAR, H MAYER, RT MCDONALD, RE TI IMMERSION OF CUCUMBER FRUIT IN HEATED WATER ALTERS CHILLING-INDUCED PHYSIOLOGICAL-CHANGES SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ELECTROLYTE LEAKAGE; RESPIRATION; ETHYLENE; ACC; ACC OXIDASE ID ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; INJURY; TOMATOES; DECAY; ACID AB Cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Dasher 3) fruit were immersed in water at 25, 38, or 42 degrees C for 30 min prior to storage at 12 (nonchilling) or 2.5 degrees C (chilling) for two weeks to determine the effects of these treatments on chilling-induced changes in electrolyte leakage, and CO2, and ethylene evolution. Storage at 2.5 degrees C resulted in a significant increase in electrolyte leakage, which decreased significantly as immersion temperature increased. Chilled fruit had higher rates of CO2 production than did nonchilled fruit following transfer to 21 degrees C, but there was no difference due to immersion temperature. Following transfer to 21 degrees C, nonchilled fruit produced no detectable ethylene whereas chilled fruit produced significant amounts of ethylene. The amount of chilling-induced ethylene production decreased with increased temperature of immersion, and this difference persisted for at least 72 h after transfer to 21 degrees C. The amount of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) was significantly higher in chilled than in nonchilled fruit although the amount of ACC in chilled fruit decreased significantly as immersion temperature increased. Nonchilled fruit had significantly higher ACC oxidase activity than did chilled fruit at the time of transfer to 21 degrees C, and ACC oxidase activity decreased as immersion temperature increased. RP MCCOLLUM, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 26 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 6 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1016/0925-5214(94)00045-T PG 10 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA RE270 UT WOS:A1995RE27000006 ER PT J AU CORRIER, DE NISBET, DJ SCANLAN, CM HOLLISTER, AG DELOACH, JR AF CORRIER, DE NISBET, DJ SCANLAN, CM HOLLISTER, AG DELOACH, JR TI CONTROL OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION IN BROILER CHICKS WITH A CONTINUOUS-FLOW CHARACTERIZED MIXED CULTURE OF CECAL BACTERIA SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; BROILER CHICK; CECAL BACTERIA; VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS; COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION ID COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; INTESTINAL FLORA; DIETARY LACTOSE; MICROFLORA; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; PROTECTION; MIXTURE AB A continuous-flow culture system was used to isolate and maintain a mixed culture of cecal bacteria from adult broilers composed of 29 bacterial strains representing 10 genera. Broiler chicks were treated with the mixed culture in the drinking water on the day of hatch and challenged orally with 10(4) Salmonella typhimurium 2 d after treatment. The experiment was repeated in four separate trials using newly hatched chicks. The concentration of propionic acid and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) in the cecal contents was determined 2 d after treatment and at 10 d of age. Compared with controls, the number of treated chicks that were cecal culture-positive for Salmonella decreased (P < .01) in each of the trials. Additionally, the number of Salmonella in the cecal contents of the treated chicks at 10 d of age was decreased (P <.005) compared with controls in each trial. The decreased number of Salmonella in the cecal contents of the 10-d-old treated chicks was correlated with elevated concentrations of propionic acid (P < .05) and total VFA (P < .1) in the cecal contents of the treated chicks 2 d after treatment. The results indicated that VFA-producing bacteria present in the mixed culture became rapidly established in the ceca of the treated chicks and effectively increased resistance to S. typhimurium challenge. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP CORRIER, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 34 TC 121 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 74 IS 6 BP 916 EP 924 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RA860 UT WOS:A1995RA86000003 PM 7644420 ER PT J AU STERN, NJ CLAVERO, MRS BAILEY, JS COX, NA ROBACH, MC AF STERN, NJ CLAVERO, MRS BAILEY, JS COX, NA ROBACH, MC TI CAMPYLOBACTER SPP IN BROILERS ON THE FARM AND AFTER TRANSPORT SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POULTRY; CAMPYLOBACTER; TRANSPORT; CARCASS; CECA ID POULTRY MEAT; JEJUNI; PREVALENCE; CHICKENS; CONTAMINATION; COLONIZATION; INFECTIONS; ENTERITIS AB Colonization of the ceca and contamination on carcasses of chickens by Campylobacter spp. was investigated. Samples were taken on the farm and after transport and holding. In the first set of experiments, 20 chickens, obtained from each of 10 broiler farms, were collected from houses containing 6- to 7-wk-old birds. Half of the birds were slaughtered at the farm; the other half were transported (10 birds per chicken coop) to a holding facility and killed within 16 to 18 h. The levels of campylobacter spp. on the carcass and in the ceca were assessed. Ceca from birds in 9 of the 10 farms sampled were positive for Campylobacter spp. Colonization levels ranged from 10(4.11) to 10(7.28) cfu Campylobacter spp./g cecal matter, except on one farm, where the organism was not isolated. The mean count on the farm was 10(5.44) cfu Campylobacter spp./g cecal material, and after transport the mean was 10(6.15) cfu/g. Significant increases (P = .0085) in levels of Campylobacter spp. on the chicken carcasses occurred after transport. Levels of Campylobacter spp. enumerated from unprocessed chicken carcasses after transport averaged 10(7.11) per carcass, up from an average of 10(3.66) cfu per carcass on the farm. To further verify this observation, field trials were conducted to assess levels on carcasses before and after commercial transport. Employing five farms and 200 6-wk-old chickens, the above observations were confirmed: prior to transport 12.1% of the chickens harbored an average of 10(2.71) cfu per carcass, but after transport 56.0% of the chicken exteriors harbored an average of 10(5.15) cfu per carcass. The results of this study indicate that transport and holding prior to processing contributes to the Campylobacter spp. of >10(4) cfu normally found on processed poultry carcasses. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. CONTINENTAL GRAIN CO,DIV POULTRY,DULUTH,GA 30136. RP STERN, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY MICROBIOL SAFETY RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 15 TC 123 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 11 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 74 IS 6 BP 937 EP 941 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RA860 UT WOS:A1995RA86000005 PM 7644422 ER PT J AU OSCAR, TP MITCHELL, DM ENGSTER, HM MALONE, BR WATSON, WM AF OSCAR, TP MITCHELL, DM ENGSTER, HM MALONE, BR WATSON, WM TI GROWTH-PERFORMANCE, CARCASS COMPOSITION, AND PIGMENTATION OF BROILERS FED SUPPLEMENTAL NICKEL SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BROILER; CARCASS COMPOSITION; GROWTH PERFORMANCE; NICKEL; PIGMENTATION ID FACTOR-F430; INSULIN; RAT AB Two experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of supplemental Ni on growth performance, carcass composition, and pigmentation of broilers. In Experiment 1, female broilers (n = 120) were housed in individual cages from 21 to 49 d of age and fed a commercial finisher diet that contained 2.4 +/- .1 ppm Ni. Supplementation of this diet with 6 or 12 ppm NiCl2 did not affect growth performance or carcass composition. In Experiment 2, female broilers (n = 60) housed in individual cages were fed finisher diets with 44 or 77 ppm xanthophyll and 0 or 12 ppm supplemental NiCl2. Growth performance from 21 to 49 d of age was not altered by diet. At 49 d of age, serum xanthophyll concentration as well as amount of lutein and total xanthophylls in skin were higher (P less-than-or-equal-to .01) in broilers fed 77 ppm xanthophyll. Supplemental NiCl2 decreased (P less-than-or-equal-to .1) yellow color of carcasses from broilers fed 44 ppm xanthophyll and increased yellow color of carcasses from broilers fed 77 ppm xanthophyll. Abdominal fat yeilds and concentration of total xanthophylls in skin followed a similar pattern, suggesting that supplemental NiCl2 may have indirectly influenced pigmentation by altering fat deposition. These data indicated that an adequate level of Ni was present in the basal diet to promote optimal growth performance and carcass quality. C1 PERDUE FARMS INC,SALISBURY,MD 21802. USDA ARS,POULTRY RES LAB,GEORGETOWN,DE 19947. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 74 IS 6 BP 976 EP 982 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RA860 UT WOS:A1995RA86000010 PM 7644427 ER PT J AU DICKENS, JA WHITTEMORE, AD AF DICKENS, JA WHITTEMORE, AD TI THE EFFECTS OF EXTENDED CHILLING TIMES WITH ACETIC-ACID ON THE TEMPERATURE AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF PROCESSED POULTRY CARCASSES SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE STATIC CHILLING; PROLONGED CHILLING; SALMONELLA; MICROBIOLOGY; ORGANIC ACID ID BROILER CARCASSES AB The effects of extended chill times with and without .6% acetic acid and agitation on the microbiological quality of broiler carcasses were determined. Carcasses were chilled for either 1, 2, or 3 h using the following treatments: 1) paddle chiller without acid (C); 2) static ice slush with .6% acetic acid (S); 3) static ice slush with air agitation and .6% acetic acid (SA); and 4) a paddle type chiller with .6% acetic acid (P). Whole carcass rinse samples were taken at 1, 2, and 3 h (two per time per treatment) and evaluated for total aerobes and Enterobacteriaceae and at 1 and 2 h for Salmonella incidence. Six replications of 24 carcasses per replication were used for the standard microbiological evaluations and five runs of 24 carcasses per run were used for the determination of Salmonella incidence. Total aerobes were reduced (P less-than-or-equal-to .05) by .34, .62, and 1.16 log10 most probable number/mL for the S, SA, and P treatments, respectively, when compared with the controls. Enterobacteriaceae counts were reduced (P less-than-or-equal-to .05) by .50, .71, and 1.4 log10 for the S, SA, and the P treatments, respectively. Salmonella incidence, from inoculated carcasses, after 1 h were 87% for the C carcasses, 80% for the S treatment, 53% for the SA treatment, and 6.7% for the P treatment. RP DICKENS, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,S ATLANTIC AREA,RUSSELL RES CTR,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUAL RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1044 EP 1048 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA RA860 UT WOS:A1995RA86000017 PM 7644416 ER PT J AU CARPENTER, LV GAY, JM EBEL, ED HANCOCK, DD AF CARPENTER, LV GAY, JM EBEL, ED HANCOCK, DD TI A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF WASHINGTON DAIRY HERDS EXPERIENCING DRUG RESIDUE VIOLATIONS IN MARKET CALVES SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE CASE-CONTROL STUDY; DAIRY HERDS; DRUG RESIDUES; NEONATAL CALVES ID VEAL CALF TISSUES; SULFONAMIDE RESIDUES; FOOD SAFETY; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; MILK AB The purpose of this case-control study was to examine the association between management practices and the occurrence of violative drug residues in calves originating from Washington dairies. In 1992, 74 dairies were identified as first-time offenders sending to abattoirs calves less than 1 week of age that had violative residue levels. Of these, 56 answered a subset of previously validated management questions from the 1991-1992 US National Animal Health Monitoring System National Dairy Heifer Evaluation Program (NDHEP) study during a violation investigation and comprised the case group. The controls were the 51 randomly selected Washington dairies that participated in the NDHEP, completed the four NDHEP questionnaires, and had not been identified as having residue violations. Management factors investigated were those associated with maternity and pre-weaning hygiene, vaccination and preventive practices, type and management of liquid calf feed, and general management. Other factors included herd somatic cell count (SCC), the presence of clinical signs associated with diseases of body systems, and herd size. Significant associations were detected between violation occurrence and the management of calving cows, colostrum volume and management, and the person responsible for calf care. Significant associations but of the wrong direction were found between violation occurrence and type and management of liquid calf feed. No significant associations were detected between violation occurrence and the remaining management factors, herd size, animals entering the herd, or SCC. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET CLIN SCI,FIELD DIS INVEST UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA,APHIS,VET SERV,BOISE,ID. RP CARPENTER, LV (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,VET SERV,2604 12TH COURT SW,SUITE B,OLYMPIA,WA 98502, USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 23 IS 3-4 BP 143 EP 151 DI 10.1016/0167-5877(94)00456-S PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RG592 UT WOS:A1995RG59200002 ER PT J AU HELLER, SR AF HELLER, SR TI THE REALITIES OF DEVELOPING COMPUTER READABLE NUMERIC DATABASES SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th IUPAC International Conference on Chemical Thermodynamics CY JUL 17-22, 1994 CL CLERMONT FERRAND, FRANCE SP Int Union Pure & Appl Chem AB With more data being made available in electronic form, the issue of the technical, economic, and political realities in developing such databases is presented. This paper emphasizes the technical and economic problems related to the development of scientific numeric databases. Examples from a number of groups in both the scientific community and IUPAC sponsored database are highlighted. RP HELLER, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 67 IS 6 BP 1027 EP 1030 DI 10.1351/pac199567061027 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RF172 UT WOS:A1995RF17200022 ER PT J AU QI, J MORAN, MS CABOT, F DEDIEU, G AF QI, J MORAN, MS CABOT, F DEDIEU, G TI NORMALIZATION OF SUN/VIEW ANGLE EFFECTS USING SPECTRAL ALBEDO-BASED VEGETATION INDEXES SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE CSAR MODEL; AVHRR; RED AB Current vegetation indices are normally computed with directional spectral reflectances and are subjected to many external perturbations such as soil background variations, atmospheric conditions, geometric registration, and especially sensor viewing geometry. Subsequent use of these indices to estimate vegetation amounts would result in substantial uncertainties. To reduce the uncertainties due to sun/view angle variations, spectral albedos, which are integrated reflectance values over a hemisphere of the surface within the specific spectral waveband, were derived from multidirectional measurements and bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) models and were subsequently used in vegetation index computations. The albedo-based vegetation indices were then compared with those computed with spectral reflectances using ground-, aircraft-, and satellite-based remote sensing measurements over harvested alfalfa, full-cover cotton canopy, pecan orchards, and bare soil surfaces. The results showed that spectral albedo-based vegetation indices were independent of view angles while the spectral reflectance vegetation indices varied substantially with sensor viewing geometry. Therefore, the view angle effects on spectral vegetation indices can be normalized, and the sun angle effects can be further reduced with a limited number of multidirectional measurements and BRDF models. C1 LERTS,TOULOUSE,FRANCE. RP QI, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 25 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 52 IS 3 BP 207 EP 217 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(95)00034-X PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA RG826 UT WOS:A1995RG82600006 ER PT J AU MORAN, MS JACKSON, RD CLARKE, TR QI, J CABOT, F THOME, KJ MARKHAM, BL AF MORAN, MS JACKSON, RD CLARKE, TR QI, J CABOT, F THOME, KJ MARKHAM, BL TI REFLECTANCE FACTOR RETRIEVAL FROM LANDSAT TM AND SPOT HRV DATA FOR BRIGHT AND DARK TARGETS SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; SURFACE REFLECTANCE; SATELLITE; SENSOR; CALIBRATION; VEGETATION; IMAGERY AB In recent years, there have been many land-surface studies based on visible and near-infrared reflectance values retrieved from the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and SPOT High Resolution. Visible (HRV) sensors. Retrieval of reflectance from. satellite sensor digital count requires knowledge of the atmospheric conditions and the sensor absolute calibration. In most cases, atmospheric conditions are simulated with a radiative transfer code and sensor calibration coefficients are obtained from preflight sensor calibrations or in-flight calibrations over bright surfaces (such as White Sands, New Mexico, USA, or La Crau, France). Though these procedures are well accepted, there have been few studies specifically designed to validate the accuracy of such reflectance factor retrievals (RFR) for both bright and dark targets. Data from two experiments conducted in an agricultural region in central Arizona were analyzed to quantify the accuracy of RFR from the Landsat TM and SPOT HRV sensors. These data included measurements made with groundbased and aircraft-based four-band radiometers and the NASA Advanced Solid-State Array Spectrometer (ASAS) aboard a C130 aircraft, and TM and HRV images acquired at nadir and off-nadir viewing angles. Results showed that the off-nadir reflectance factors measured using ground- and aircraft-based instruments, including ASAS, were comparable. The RFR from the satellite-based TM and HRV sensors generally resulted in an overestimation of dark target reflectance (up to 0.05 reflectance in the visible) and an underestimation of bright target reflectance (up to 0.1 reflectance in the near-infrared). Even greater error was possible when RFR was based on outdated sensor calibrations, particularly those conducted prelaunch. There was supporting evidence from studies at three sites (White Sands, New Mexico; Maricopa, Arizona; and Walnut Gulch, Arizona) that the Landsat-5 TM sensor sensitivity may have degraded by as much as 20% from the prelaunch calibration. Regarding the potential error in RFR related to recent changes in the processing of Landsat TM data (Level-0 and Level-1) by EOSAT Corporation, we found that the Level-0 data was slightly greater (similar to 2 digital counts) than the Level-1 data for all bands and all targets in our study. C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. LERTS,TOULOUSE,FRANCE. UNIV ARIZONA,CTR OPT SCI,TUCSON,AZ. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RI Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012; Markham, Brian/M-4842-2013 OI Markham, Brian/0000-0002-9612-8169 NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 52 IS 3 BP 218 EP 230 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(95)00035-Y PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA RG826 UT WOS:A1995RG82600007 ER PT J AU PATCH, MA AF PATCH, MA TI USE OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS IN OFFICIAL ABATTOIRS UNDER MEAT INSPECTION IN THE UNITED-STATES-OF-AMERICA SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE CONTAMINATION; DISEASES; DISINFECTANTS; INSPECTION MICROORGANISMS; PATHOGENS; SANITATION; STERILIZATION AB Facilities and equipment which are contaminated by a diseased carcass during slaughter and processing operations must be made free from microorganisms of human health concern before being used again. Therefore, a rapid-acting microbicidal agent is necessary to enable the swift resumption of operations. Currently, water heated to 180 degrees F (82.2 degrees C) is the antimicrobial agent of choice, as this rapidly kills microbes without leaving a residue which could jeopardize food products. RP PATCH, MA (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,14TH & INDEPENDENCE AVE,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 14 IS 2 BP 309 EP 312 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QZ708 UT WOS:A1995QZ70800004 PM 7579633 ER PT J AU FORD, WB AF FORD, WB TI DISINFECTION PROCEDURES FOR PERSONNEL AND VEHICLES ENTERING AND LEAVING CONTAMINATED PREMISES SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE BIOSECURITY; CLEANING; DISINFECTANTS; DISINFECTION; SANITATION; WASHING AB Entry to and exit from contaminated premises - by animal health personnel, workers, owners, wildlife, insects, domestic animals and rodents-present a risk of disease spread which demands constant attention. The least expensive means of controlling and eliminating the risk of introducing virus and bacteria involves maintaining constant biosecurity programmes. These documented biosecurity measures and procedures must never be compromised by anyone including the owners of premises. When time and the monetary investment involved in large and small animal production operations are considered, biosecurity precautions are a small investment cost in keeping the herd or flock free of infections disease microorganisms. RP FORD, WB (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,4700 RIVER RD,UNIT 41,RIVERDALE,MD 20737, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 14 IS 2 BP 393 EP 401 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QZ708 UT WOS:A1995QZ70800009 PM 7579638 ER PT J AU GROW, AG AF GROW, AG TI WRITING GUIDELINES TO REQUIRE DISINFECTION SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE CLEANING; DISINFECTANTS; DISINFECTION; GUIDELINES; SANITATION AB Disinfection, when performed correctly is an important step in the control and elimination of specific disease agents. Typical disinfection instructions merely state that 'the premises or materials contaminated by or exposed to disease shall be disinfected'. Directions are rarely given on how to perform the job. The first stage in a complete and proper disinfection operation for materials and property involves a thorough assessment of the problem and the development of a step-by-step action plan. Derailed guidelines should address the relevant questions - who should do what? where, when and how? - in relation to each step of the job. It should be ensured that ail work is correctly executed and reported, and a follow-up evaluation of the premises should be made to verify that the disease agent(s) have been destroyed. Persons using disinfectants should always follow safety precautions to avoid the risk of occupational injuries. RP GROW, AG (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,EMERGENCY PROGRAMS,4700 RIVER RD,UNIT 41,RIVERDALE,MD 20737, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 14 IS 2 BP 469 EP 477 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QZ708 UT WOS:A1995QZ70800015 PM 7579644 ER PT J AU SHATTERS, RG SCHWEDER, ME WEST, SH ABDELGHANY, A SMITH, RL AF SHATTERS, RG SCHWEDER, ME WEST, SH ABDELGHANY, A SMITH, RL TI ENVIRONMENTALLY-INDUCED POLYMORPHISMS DETECTED BY RAPD ANALYSIS OF SOYBEAN SEED DNA SO SEED SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SOYBEAN; RAPD; SEED QUALITY; DNA FINGERPRINTING ID ARBITRARY PRIMERS; MARKERS; AMPLIFICATION; GERMINATION; CULTIVARS; PCR AB Experiments were performed to determine if RAPD profiles developed using total DNA isolated from soybean seed could be affected by the physiological state or the quality of the seed. RAPD profiles were developed using template DNA isolated from a single seed lot of soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Kirby). High quality seeds were used to produce four populations varying in either quality or physiological state: untreated control seed ambient temperature and humidity storage for 12 months, accelerated aging at 41 degrees C and 100% relative humidity for 48 h, and controlled hydration (seed priming). One hundred and eighty-eight primers were used to create separate RAPD profiles from total DNA isolated from each set of seed and from soybean leaf tissue. Sixteen polymorphisms from 14 primers were identified as a result of seed treatments. Six primers showed nine polymorphisms in RAPD profiles of ambient-stored seed DNA, while four and two primers produced polymorphisms in reactions using accelerated aged or primed-seed template DNA, respectively. Two primers showed a polymorphic fragment in vegetative DNA not observed in any of the seed DNA samples. Ten of the observed polymorphisms were due to the appearance of a DNA fragment in response to a specific seed treatment while six were the result of the treatment-induced loss of a DNA fragment. The six polymorphisms resulting from the loss of a major fragment were all due to ambient-temperature seed storage. Results were reproducibly obtained from multiple DNA isolations using three separate DNA isolation procedures involving either multiple seed or a single seed as the template source. Therefore, genetically identical seed can consistently display RAPD polymorphisms as a response to the environmental exposure. C1 AIN SHAMS UNIV, FAC AGR, CAIRO, EGYPT. RP UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT AGRON, USDA ARS, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0960-2585 EI 1475-2735 J9 SEED SCI RES JI Seed Sci. Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 109 EP 116 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RU737 UT WOS:A1995RU73700006 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, GS JUNGBAUER, JD BRISTOW, KL HUNGERFORD, RD AF CAMPBELL, GS JUNGBAUER, JD BRISTOW, KL HUNGERFORD, RD TI SOIL-TEMPERATURE AND WATER-CONTENT BENEATH A SURFACE FIRE SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB We report here the results of laboratory and computer simulations designed to supply information on soil temperatures under forest and range fires. Measurements of temperature and water content in a soil column that was heated strongly at the surface showed a consistent pattern of warming and drying. In initially wet soil, temperature rose to around 95-degrees-C and remained there until the water content of the soil at that depth dropped below about 0.02 m3 m-3. When the soil was initially dry, the temperature increased more rapidly, but even the moisture present in air-dry soil was sufficient to slow the rate of temperature rise when temperatures reached 90-degrees-C. A linked-transport model, which simultaneously computes changes in temperature and water content, simulated the main features of heat and water flow in a soil column heated to high temperature. There were no consistent deviations of measured from modeled temperatures, but the water content simulations consistently showed a greater buildup of moisture ahead of the heating front than did the measurements, and less drying of the soil in the heated layers when the initial soil water content was low. Soils from sand to clay, and with differing mineralogies, water contents, and bulk densities were used to compare measurements and simulations. The model performed well in all cases. Since the temperature simulations are reasonable, the model appears suitable for predicting fire effects in the field. C1 CSIRO,DIV SOILS,TOWNSVILLE,QLD 4814,AUSTRALIA. USFS INTERMT FIRE SCI LAB,MISSOULA,MT 59807. RP CAMPBELL, GS (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. RI Bristow, Keith/F-2821-2011 NR 14 TC 59 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 159 IS 6 BP 363 EP 374 DI 10.1097/00010694-199506000-00001 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RE915 UT WOS:A1995RE91500001 ER PT J AU ISOBE, K KOKUBUN, M FRANCISCO, PB AKAO, S AF ISOBE, K KOKUBUN, M FRANCISCO, PB AKAO, S TI INDUCTION OF NODULE-LIKE STRUCTURES ON OILSEED RAPE BY INOCULATION WITH RHIZOBIA IN THE PRESENCE OF HELPER BACTERIA SO SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ERWINIA CAROTOVORA; NODULE-LIKE STRUCTURE; OILSEED RAPE (BRASSICA NAPUS) ID NODULATION; PLANTS AB Nodule-like structures on the roots of seedlings of oilseed rape (Brassica campestris L. subsp. napus) cv. CO were induced by Bradyrhizobium sp. strain CP283 or A(2)P(5) in the presence of Erwinia carotovora MAFF-301393, a bacterium that produces the cell wall-degrading enzymes cellulase and pectinase. E. carotovora was most effective at an inoculation density of 2.0 x 10(8) cells plant(-1). Lower densities decreased the rate of nodule-like structure formation, while higher densities caused plant death. The induced nodule-like structures were either spherical or elongated. Histological sections of the structures showed a distinct central vascular cylinder and a surrounding swollen region composed entirely of cortical cells. The highest rate of nodule-like structure formation (33.3%) was achieved by combined inoculation of B. sp. strain CP283 and E. carotovora. C1 NATL INST AGROBIOL RESOURCES,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. NIHON UNIV,COLL AGR & VET MED,FUJISAWA,KANAGAWA 252,JAPAN. NATL AGR RES CTR,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPANESE SOC SOIL SCIENCE PLANT NUTRITION PI TOKYO PA BUSINESS CENTER ACAD SOC JAPAN 16-9, HONKOMAGOME 5-CHOME, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO 113, JAPAN SN 0038-0768 J9 SOIL SCI PLANT NUTR JI Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 41 IS 2 BP 313 EP 320 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RB738 UT WOS:A1995RB73800014 ER PT J AU ELLIOTT, NC BURD, JD ARMSTRONG, JS WALKER, CB REED, DK PEAIRS, FB AF ELLIOTT, NC BURD, JD ARMSTRONG, JS WALKER, CB REED, DK PEAIRS, FB TI RELEASE AND RECOVERY OF IMPORTED PARASITOIDS OF THE RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID IN EASTERN COLORADO SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB The exotic hymenopterous parasitoids Aphelinus asychis Walker, Aphelinus albipodus Hayat and Fatima, Aphslinus varipes (Forester), Diaeretiella rapae M'Intosh, Aphidius colemani Viereck, Aphidius matricariae Haliday, and Ephedrus plagiator (Nees) were released at several sites in eastern Colorado from 1991 through 1993 in an attempt to establish the species in wheat agroecosystems for biological control of the Russian wheat aphid. Recovery of A. asychis and A. albipodus near Akron and A, asychis near Pritchett in 1994, one year after releases were made at the locations, indicates that exotic species had established populations. Recovery of D. rapae in relatively high numbers in 1994 near Akron where previous surveys had shown rare incidence of parasitism of Russian wheat aphids by this species suggests that an exotic strain of D. rapae may also have established. However, the increase in parasitism of Russian wheat aphids by D. rapae may reflect annual variation in parasitism rates by native D. rapae or adaptation by native D. rapae to the recently introduced host. RP ELLIOTT, NC (reprint author), USDA,ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 6 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 20 IS 2 BP 125 EP 129 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TC941 UT WOS:A1995TC94100002 ER PT J AU FINCHER, GT AF FINCHER, GT TI PREDATION ON THE HORN FLY (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) BY TWO EUROPEAN SPECIES OF PHILONTHUS (COLEOPTERA, STAPHYLINIDAE) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL TEXAS PASTURE; HEMATOBIA-IRRITANS L; FLAVOLIMBATUS COLEOPTERA; CATTLE DUNG; MORTALITY; INSECTS AB Two European species of Staphylinidae, Philonthus agilis (Gravenhorst) and P. concinnus (Gravenhorst), were evaluated in the laboratory as predators on immature stages of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.). Both species were more effective as predators on the egg stage, but there also was substantial predation on the larval and pupal stages. There were no significant differences between the two species in predation on any prey life stage. Reductions in adult horn fly emergence caused by predation by these two exotic species were similar to reductions caused by two commonly occurring indigenous staphylinid species of similar size. Increasing the predator-prey ratio greater than 1:25 had no significant effect on numbers of prey consumed by either predated species. RP FINCHER, GT (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,VET ENTOMOL RES UNIT,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 20 IS 2 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TC941 UT WOS:A1995TC94100003 ER PT J AU FLINT, HM PARKS, NJ HOLMES, JE JONES, JA HIGUERA, CM AF FLINT, HM PARKS, NJ HOLMES, JE JONES, JA HIGUERA, CM TI TESTS OF GARLIC OIL FOR CONTROL OF THE SILVERLEAF WHITEFLY, BEMISLA-ARGENTIFOLII BELLOWS AND PERRING (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE) IN COTTON SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID POTATO; ALLIUM AB Extract from chopped garlic, garlic oil, and garlic-containing commercial products were applied to 0.3-0.4m tall cotton plants, Gossypium hirsutum L., for control of the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring (= Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, strain B), in greenhouse tests. Plants from an uninfested greenhouse were splayed and placed in a greenhouse containing whitefly infested cotton plants. Applications were made weekly using a hand sprayer and maximum labeled rates for commercial products. The effects of applications were determined from counts of resting adult whiteflies on leaves and eggs and nymphs on 3.88 cm(2) leaf disks taken from fifth mainstem node leaves. A 10% solution of concentrate made from commercial chopped garlic provided control of whiteflies in both greenhouse and small field plots for several days. However, the concentrate also contained unknown amounts of soybean oil, an effective whitefly control agent. Commercial garlic oil at 2% concentration caused some leaf damage but evaporated within 48 h and gave little or no control of whiteflies. One percent garlic oil with an anti-evaporant did not provide additional protection. Combinations of 1 and 2% each of garlic oil and soybean oil gave some protection but were not significantly better than 2% soybean oil alone. One of two commercial garlic water products tested did not reduce the numbers of resting whiteflies or eggs and nymphs on leaves. The other garlic water product caused reductions in adults, eggs and nymphs in some weeks of the 4-wk test period. Three commercial products containing garlic oil as well as a complex of materials for plant growth were more effective than the garlic water products, but none exceeded the control attained by 2-4% soybean oil in its commercial formulation. In aggregate, the results indicate that garlic oil alone or in complex formulations does not merit cost above that of soybean oil when control of the silverleaf whitefly on cotton is the sole objective. RP FLINT, HM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 20 IS 2 BP 137 EP 150 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TC941 UT WOS:A1995TC94100004 ER PT J AU HENDRICKS, DE HUBBARD, DW HARDEE, DD AF HENDRICKS, DE HUBBARD, DW HARDEE, DD TI OCCURRENCE OF BEET ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE, SPODOPTERA EXIGUA (HUBNER)) MOTHS IN THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA AS INDICATED BY NUMBERS CAUGHT IN TRAPS IN 1994 SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB A survey to determine the abundance of beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), adults was conducted in the west central delta region of Mississippi from April to December, 1994. Fifty-four traps were installed 2.1 km apart in a line 122 km long from near Skene, MS, in Bolivar Co., southward to Onward in Sharkey Co. Traps were baited with sex pheromone to lure male moths to the traps. Moth captures were recorded twice weekly. Wings on a majority of moths caught from 7 April to 30 June were covered with nearly a full complement of scales indicating that they did not fly great distances before they were captured. These moths could have emerged from pupae that overwintered in soil of fields or ditches near the traps. Catches of moths in April ranged from 0.13 to 1.6 per trap per night. These relatively low capture levels also indicated that the beet armyworm moths were from a local source. There were four distinct peaks in numbers of moths caught between 1 July and 1 November, separated by 21 to 31 days. Highest numbers of moths (400/trap/night) were caught on 3 October. The shape of a peak in moth captures graphed for 29 July to 10 August, compared with sequences and amounts of rainfall prior to that period, indicated that many moths may have been carried to the region by storm fronts from the south and deposited in cotton fields during rain storms. Captures were sharply reduced on nights in April, September, October, and November when air temperatures dropped below 48 degrees F. In 1994, cotton developed about two weeks earlier than in 1993. Bells matured and hardened before great numbers of beet armyworms appeared in the fields, and the 1994 cotton crop escaped serious economic damage by this insect. RP HENDRICKS, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,POB 346,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 20 IS 2 BP 157 EP 164 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TC941 UT WOS:A1995TC94100006 ER PT J AU TILLMAN, PG LAMBERT, L AF TILLMAN, PG LAMBERT, L TI INFLUENCE OF SOYBEAN PUBESCENCE ON INCIDENCE OF THE CORN EARWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) AND THE PARASITOID, MICROPLITIS CROCEIPES (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID OVIPOSITION PREFERENCE; VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS; COTTON; ARKANSAS; DENSITY; INSECTS; LARVAE; FIELD AB Densities of corn earworm, Helicoverpa tea (Boddie), and the parasitoid, Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), on densely pubescent and glabrous soybean isolines of the 'Davis' cultivar were determined in a large field cage. M. croceipes adults were released in the cage ten days after corn earworm adults oviposited on the soybean isolines. The mean number of corn earworm larvae observed on the densely pubescent isoline (29.3 larvae/m of row) was significantly greater than on the glabrous isoline (8.16 larvae/m of row). A linear relationship was detected between host density and parasitoid density for the range of host densities observed during the test. There was no significant difference in mean percentage of parasitization by M. croceipes of host larvae on densely pubescent (5.12%) and glabrous (4.82%) plants. This suggests that M. croceipes is unaffected by differences in isolines or incidence of host larvae, which is reinforced by the finding of the linear relationship between larval density and parasitoid density. These observed parasitoid/herbivore host/plant interactions indicate that using the glabrous isoline for host plant resistance is compatible with the biocontrol tactic, releasing the parasitoid M. croceipes, in the management of H. tea in soybeans. RP TILLMAN, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,POB 346,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 20 IS 2 BP 181 EP 185 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TC941 UT WOS:A1995TC94100009 ER PT J AU RINNE, JN AF RINNE, JN TI REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY OF THE RIO-GRANDE SUCKER, CATOSTOMUS-PLEBEIUS (CYPRINIFORMES), IN A MONTANE STREAM, NEW-MEXICO SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Note RP RINNE, JN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,SW FOREST SCI COMPLEX,2500 S PINEKNOLL DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 40 IS 2 BP 237 EP 241 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RK970 UT WOS:A1995RK97000020 ER PT J AU MILLERIHLI, NJ AF MILLERIHLI, NJ TI SLURRY SAMPLING GRAPHITE-FURNACE ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY - A PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF RESULTS FROM AN INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE STUDY SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID DEVICE; GFAAS AB An international collaborative study was initiated to evaluate the current state-of-the-art for solid sampling. Samples were sent to 28 laboratories and data were received from 18 collaborators, 16 of which reported slurry results. A preliminary check of performance using NIST SRM 1643c acidified water, showed that at least 13 laboratories were able to provide accurate results within +/-10% of the mean certified Pb and Cr concentrations. The focus of this work was slurry analytical data reported by collaborators. Average performance by collaborators for the determination of Pb in NIST SRM 2704 Buffalo River Sediment was 103% recovery based on the mean certified reference value and was 84% recovery based on the mean certified reference value for NRCC PACS-1, a marine estuarine sediment, which was identified to collaborators as an unknown sediment. Average performance by collaborators for Cr in SRM 2704 was 96% based on the mean certified reference value and was 78% recovery based on the mean certified reference value for PACS-1. The use of secondary wavelengths and the importance of analysis of a representative subsample are highlighted. Possible problems leading to inaccurate results being reported by collaborators are discussed including the use of mini-flows, matrix modifiers, low atomization temperatures, short atomization times, and expulsion losses. RP MILLERIHLI, NJ (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,FOOD COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 50 IS 4-7 BP 477 EP 488 DI 10.1016/0584-8547(94)00156-P PG 12 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA RD705 UT WOS:A1995RD70500018 ER PT J AU YU, XC MINOR, JL ATALLA, RH AF YU, XC MINOR, JL ATALLA, RH TI MECHANISM OF ACTION OF SIMONS STAIN SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ADSORPTION; DYES; FIBER ANALYSIS; MICROSCOPY; PORE SIZE; STAIN; SWELLING ID FIBER AB Simons' stain is a two-color differential stain that is sensitive to variations in the accessibility of the interior structure of fibers. When treated with a mixed solution of orange and bie dyes, unbeaten fibers will stain blue and beaten fibers will stain orange where internal delamination, fibrillation, or fiber damage has occurred. A hypothesis for the mechanism of this action was previously proposed but has not been tested. This study demonstrates that only the high molecular weight (HMW) fraction of the orange dye gives the differential results and that the dye adsorption by fibers is much stronger for the HMW orange dye than for the blue dye. Thus, the HMW orange dye displaces the blue dye in regions of the fiber accessible to the HMW orange dye. Improved results are obtained if only the HMW fraction of the orange dye is used in the stain. RP YU, XC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 10 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 78 IS 6 BP 175 EP 180 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA RB496 UT WOS:A1995RB49600026 ER PT J AU KUBISIAK, TL NELSON, CD NANCE, WL STINE, M AF KUBISIAK, TL NELSON, CD NANCE, WL STINE, M TI RAPD LINKAGE MAPPING IN A LONGLEAF PINE X SLASH PINE F1 FAMILY SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE GENETIC LINKAGE MAP; PINUS PALUSTRIS; PINUS ELLIOTTII; RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; GENETIC-LINKAGE; QUANTITATIVE CHARACTER; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; DNA MARKERS; SATIVA L; NUMBER; MAP; CONIFERS; IDENTIFICATION AB Random amplified polymorphic (RAPDs) were used to construct linkage maps of the parents of a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) slash pine (Pinus elliottii Englm.) F-1 family. A total of 247 segregating loci [233 (1:1), 14(3:1)] and 87 polymorphic (between-parents), but non-segregating, loci were identified. The 233 loci segregating 1:1 (testcross configuration) were used to construct parent-specific linkage maps, 132 for the longleaf-pine parent and 101 for the slash-pine parent. The resulting linkage maps consisted of 122 marker loci in 18 groups (three or more loci) and three pairs (1367.5 cM) for longleaf pine, and 91 marker loci in 13 groups and six pairs for slash pine (952.9 cM). Genome size estimates based on two-point linkage data ranged from 2348 to 2392 cM for longleaf pine, and from 2292 to 2372 cM for slash pine. Linkage of 3:1 loci to testcross loci in each of the parental maps was used to infer further linkages within maps, as well as potentially homologous counterparts between maps. Three of the longleaf-pine linkage groups appear to be potentially homologous counterparts to four different slash-pine linkage groups. The number of heterozygous loci (previously testcross in parents) per F-1 individual, ranged from 96 to 130. With the 87 polymorphic, but non-segregating, loci that should also be heterozygous in the F-1 progeny, a maximum of 183-217 heterozygous loci could be available for mapping early height growth (EHG) loci and for applying genomic selection in backcross populations. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,SCH FORESTRY WILDLIFE & FISHERIES,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. US FOREST SERV,SO INST FOREST GENET,SO FOREST EXPT STN,GULFPORT,MS 39505. NR 50 TC 50 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 90 IS 7-8 BP 1119 EP 1127 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA RE882 UT WOS:A1995RE88200030 PM 24173072 ER PT J AU RIEDE, CR WILLIAMS, ND MILLER, JD JOPPA, LR AF RIEDE, CR WILLIAMS, ND MILLER, JD JOPPA, LR TI CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION OF GENES FOR STEM RUST RESISTANCE DERIVED FROM WALDRON WHEAT SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE TRITICUM AESTIVUM; PUCCINIA GRAMINIS; ANEUPLOID; CYTOGENETICS; MONOSOMICS ID INHERITANCE AB The chromosomal locations of genes for resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers.: Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. and E. Henn.) in the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar 'Waldron' (WDR) were determined by monosomic analyses. Wheat lines WDR-B1, -C2, -E4, and -F1, which have single genes for resistance to stem rust derived previously from WDR sel. 'Little Club', were crossed onto a complete set of 21 'Chinese Spring' monosomics. The F-2 and backcross-F-1 (BC1F1) seedlings from each of the 84 crosses were tested for reaction to culture 111-SS2 (CRL-LCBB) of stem rust, and a few selected segregants were analyzed cytologically for chromosome number. The F-2 from 2 crosses of WDR-C2, -E4 and -F1 and the BC1F1 from 2 crosses of WDR-F1 were tested also with culture Or11c (CRL-QBCN). Significant deviations from disomic ratios towards monosomic ratios in the F-2 and BC1F1 were used to determine which chromosomes carried the genes for resistance. Cytological analyses of certain BC1F1 and susceptible F-2 plants were used to help identify the location of the genes for rust resistance. WDR-B1 has a gene, herein designated Sr41, for resistance on chromosome 4D. WDR-C2 has a gene on chromosome 7A that may be the same as one previously designated SrWld2. WDR-E4 has a gene on chromosome 2A, possibly SrWld1, which is effective against most or all North American stem rust cultures. WDR-F1 has a gene on chromosome 6B that is the same as or similar to Sr11. C1 USDA ARS,FARGO,ND 58105. RP RIEDE, CR (reprint author), CNPQ,INST AGRON PARANA IAPAR,CX POSTAL 1331,BR-86001 LONDRINA,PARANA,BRAZIL. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 90 IS 7-8 BP 1158 EP 1163 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA RE882 UT WOS:A1995RE88200036 PM 24173078 ER PT J AU RIEDE, CR WILLIAMS, ND MILLER, JD AF RIEDE, CR WILLIAMS, ND MILLER, JD TI WHEAT LINES MONOGENIC FOR RESISTANCE TO STEM RUST FROM THE WHEAT CULTIVAR WALDRON SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE TRITICUM AESTIVUM; PUCCINIA GRAMINIS; ALLELISM; INHERITANCE; SEGREGATION ID INHERITANCE AB The Triticum aestivum L. cultivar 'Waldron' has long lasting resistance to most North American stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. and E. Henn.) isolates. The objective of this research was to develop wheat lines monogenic for resistance to stem rust from 'Waldron' using allelism tests and tests for reaction to a series of ten stem rust cultures having a range of virulences. Twelve lines homozygous for single resistance genes were selected as parents of a diallel cross to test for allelism among genes for resistance. We identified 6 lines or groups of lines (WDR-A1, the WDR-B1 and WDR-B2 group, the WDR-C1 and WDR-C2 group, WDR-D1, the WDR-E1, WDR-E2, WDR-E3, and WDR-E4 group, and WDR-F1) that carried different single genes for resistance from 'Waldron'. A seventh line (WDR-G1) probably has two genes for resistance, one in common with WDR-C1 and WDR-C2. The gene in the WDR-E group is probably the same as SrWld1, and the one in WDR-F1 the same as Sr11. 'Waldron' probably has two or more genes for resistance to stem rust that previous genetic studies did not detect. C1 USDA ARS,FARGO,ND. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,FARGO,ND 58105. RP RIEDE, CR (reprint author), CNPQ,INST AGRON PARANA IAPAR,CX POSTAL 1331,BR-86001 LONDRINA,PARANA,BRAZIL. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 90 IS 7-8 BP 1164 EP 1168 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA RE882 UT WOS:A1995RE88200037 PM 24173079 ER PT J AU XU, GW CUI, YX SCHERTZ, KF HART, GE AF XU, GW CUI, YX SCHERTZ, KF HART, GE TI ISOLATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCES THAT DISTINGUISH MALE-STERILITY-INDUCING CYTOPLASMS IN SORGHUM-BICOLOR (L) MOENCH SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; SORGHUM BICOLOR; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA CLONES AB We have demonstrated that sorghum DNA sequences of mitochondrial origin can be used to distinguish different male-sterility-inducing cytoplasms. Six DNA clones containing single-copy mitochondrial sequences were hybridized on Southern blots to restriction enzyme-digested DNA of 28 sorghum lines representing sources of different cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) groups. Four cytoplasmic types were defined on the basis of the pattern of DNA fragments detected. Similar analyses of 50 additional diverse sorghum accessions suggested that three of the four cytoplasmic types may be diagnostic for CMS. Also, three other cytoplasmic types were discovered. These and other mitochondrial DNA clones may be useful molecular tools for ''fingerprinting'' sterility-inducing cytoplasms in breeding programs, determining cytoplasmic diversity among germ plasm accessions, and identifying new sources of cytoplasm that induce male sterility. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,USDA ARS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. ENERGY BIOSYST CORP,THE WOODLANDS,TX 77381. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 90 IS 7-8 BP 1180 EP 1187 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA RE882 UT WOS:A1995RE88200040 PM 24173082 ER PT J AU ZAINAL, HA WOLF, WR AF ZAINAL, HA WOLF, WR TI POTENTIOMETRIC AND SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF SELENOMETHIONINE COMPLEXES WITH COPPER(II) AND ZINC(II) IONS SO TRANSITION METAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The stepwise stability constants of 1:1 and 2:1 complexes of selenomethionine (SeMet) with Cu-II and Zn-II ions have been determined in NaNO3 (0.1 M) supporting electrolyte by potentiometric titration at 25 degrees C. The overall log stability constant (log beta ML(2) = [ML(2)]/[M(2+)][L(-1)](2)) for Cu-II and Zn-II complexes are 14.50 and 8.75, respectively. Two new solids were prepared and identified by elemental microanalysis as (SeMet)(2)Cu and (SeMet)(2)Zn. I.r. and Raman spectral studies indicated metal coordination with the nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the amino acidato group of SeMet. The corresponding stretching bands were assigned at 341.1 cm(-1) for Cu-O, 352.9 cm(-1) for Zn-O, 497.3 cm(-1) for Cu-N and 375.2 cm(-1) for Zn-N bonds. C1 USDA,FOODS COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 5 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0340-4285 J9 TRANSIT METAL CHEM JI Transit. Met. Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3 BP 225 EP 227 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA RH437 UT WOS:A1995RH43700001 ER PT J AU ALEXANDER, JD DONNELLY, JR SHANE, JB AF ALEXANDER, JD DONNELLY, JR SHANE, JB TI PHOTOSYNTHETIC AND TRANSPIRATIONAL RESPONSES OF RED SPRUCE UNDERSTORY TREES TO LIGHT AND TEMPERATURE SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DARK RESPIRATION; LEAF CONDUCTANCE; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PHOTON FLUX; DENSITY; PICEA RUBENS; TRANSPIRATION; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY ID FOREST DECLINE; SITKA SPRUCE; ENGELMANN SPRUCE; CAMELS HUMP; NEEDLES; VERMONT; INTENSITY; SAPLINGS AB Understory red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) trees, between 20 and 50 cm in height and 12 years or more in age, were collected from mid- and high-elevation stands in north central Vermont and placed in a closed-cuvette system to measure photosynthetic and transpirational responses to photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and temperature. Photosynthesis, dark respiration, transpiration and water-use efficiency of trees from both stands responded to changes in PPFD and temperature in similar ways. Trees from both stands exhibited maximum rates of net photosynthesis at temperatures between 15 and 20 degrees C, and exposure to higher temperatures resulted in reduced rates of photosynthesis and increased rates of respiration. Net photosynthetic rates generally increased with increasing light intensity but began to level off at 250 mu mol m(-2)s(-1). Water-use efficiency was maximal when temperature and PPFD were at 15 degrees C and above 400 mu mol m(-2)s(-1), respectively. C1 UNIV VERMONT,DEPT FORESTRY,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. RP ALEXANDER, JD (reprint author), NE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 968,BURLINGTON,VT 05402, USA. NR 31 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 15 IS 6 BP 393 EP 398 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RB834 UT WOS:A1995RB83400006 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, MJ HANNA, WW AF WILLIAMS, MJ HANNA, WW TI PERFORMANCE AND NUTRITIVE QUALITY OF DWARF AND SEMIDWARF ELEPHANTGRASS GENOTYPES IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN USA SO TROPICAL GRASSLANDS LA English DT Article ID HARVEST FREQUENCY; NAPIERGRASS AB Since the release of 'Mott' dwarf elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum) there has been renewed interest in using this grass species in cattle production systems in the south-eastern United States. The objective of this study was to evaluate 4 new dwarf or semi-dwarf elephantgrass genotypes for dry matter (DM) production, nutritive quality [crude protein (CP) and digestibility], plant morphology and persistence at 2 sites in the south-eastern USA. The experimental genotypes, N114, N127, N128, and N129 plus cvv. Mott and Merkeron (a tall type) were established using rooted cuttings in 1988 at Brooksville, Florida, and Tifton, Georgia. Total DM yield of the genotypes was similar across locations and years (1988-1990). Merkeron consistently produced at least twice as much DM at any given harvest date and total for the year (>25 t/ha) as any of the dwarf or semi-dwarf genotypes (5-15 t/ha). Dry matter yields of N114 and N129 were better than or equal (P less than or equal to 0.05) to that of Mott (9-10 t/ha); only N127 averaged less DM production. Although leaf:stem ratio (2-13.9) was negatively correlated with DM yield (r = - 0.23, P < 0.001), nutritive quality did not differ (P > 0.05) with genotype. Average CP (85-121 g/kg) and digestibility (547-717 g/kg) varied (P < 0.05) with harvest date, being highest at the first harvest date (June) each year. It appears possible to select genotypes such as N129 that have the high forage quality characteristic of Mott with increased DM production potential. C1 FORAGE & TURF RES UNIT,TIFTON,GA. RP WILLIAMS, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,22271 CHINSEGUT HILL RD,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34601, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU TROPICAL GRASSLAND SOC AUST PI ST LUCIA QUEENSLAND PA CUNNINGHAM LAB, CSIRO 306 CARMODY RD, ST LUCIA QUEENSLAND 4067, AUSTRALIA SN 0049-4763 J9 TROP GRASSLANDS JI Trop. Grassl. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 29 IS 2 BP 122 EP 127 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA TJ480 UT WOS:A1995TJ48000010 ER PT J AU LEAK, WB CULLEN, JB FRIESWYK, TS AF LEAK, WB CULLEN, JB FRIESWYK, TS TI DYNAMICS OF WHITE-PINE IN NEW-ENGLAND SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article AB The growth, regeneration, and quality of white pine between the 1970's and 1980's were analyzed for the six-state New England region. Growth was comparable among ail states except for Rhode Island where the growth (1.71%) was low in comparison with other states and with the growth of red maple (4.29%) within the state. For all states, the proportion of acreage in white pine seedling/sapling stands was too small (8%) to maintain the current volume and acreage of the species. However, stems in the 2- to 10-inch diameter class were adequately J-shaped over all states to sustain the species. Because many of these small stems must be in small openings or under partial canopies, efforts to regenerate and release white pine seem warranted. The percentage of volume in grades 1 and 2 more than doubled between the 1970's and 1980's in all states except Massachusetts and Connecticut where the percentage remained about constant. C1 NEW HAMPSHIRE DIV FORESTS & LANDS,FOREST INFORMAT & PLANNING BUREAU,CONCORD,NH. NE FOREST EXPT STN,RADNOR,PA. RP LEAK, WB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH EASTERN FOREST EXP STATION PI DELAWARE PA 359 MAIN RD, DELAWARE, OH 43015 J9 USDA FOR SERV NE RES JI USDA For. Serv. Northeast. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PD JUN PY 1995 IS 699 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RJ843 UT WOS:A1995RJ84300001 ER PT J AU PIATTI, P HASSARD, S NEWMAN, JFE BROWN, F AF PIATTI, P HASSARD, S NEWMAN, JFE BROWN, F TI ANTIGENIC VARIANTS IN A PLAQUE-ISOLATE OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS - IMPLICATIONS FOR VACCINE PRODUCTION SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS; FIELD ISOLATES; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; VACCINES ID IMMUNE SELECTION; CELL-CULTURE; HEMAGGLUTININ AB The occurrence of many subtypes within a serotype of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) makes it difficult to control the disease by vaccination. Although inactivated vaccines are used successfully in many countries, the appearance in the field of antigenic variants against which the vaccines do not confer protection is a constant problem in vaccine manufacture. We had found previously a mixture of antigenic variants in a field isolate of serotype A12. In this report we demonstrate the presence of two variants in a plaque-isolate from this mixture. The second variant was detected only when the growth conditions were altered. Our observation points to the problems which may be encountered in the large scale growth of a virus for vaccine production. RP PIATTI, P (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11941, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN PY 1995 VL 13 IS 8 BP 781 EP 784 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(94)00057-T PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA RL669 UT WOS:A1995RL66900014 PM 7483796 ER PT J AU CASTEEL, SW ROTTINGHAUS, GE JOHNSON, GC WICKLOW, DT AF CASTEEL, SW ROTTINGHAUS, GE JOHNSON, GC WICKLOW, DT TI LIVER-DISEASE IN CATTLE INDUCED BY CONSUMPTION OF MOLDY HAY SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Normally innocuous forages are sporadically associated with hepatogenous photosensitization outbreaks at certain times of the year or when grown and harvested during unusual environmental conditions, such as periods of excessive rainfall. Allegations of livestock illness following consumption of such moldy hays are associated with clinical syndromes uncharacteristic of known forage-related diseases, suggesting that un-identified toxin(s) may be repsonsible. This study was instigated by field observations of hepatogenous photo-sensitization In cattle fed alfalfa-grass forage. To document the toxic nature of the hay, large bales of hay (450 kg) were fed, ad libitum, to 3 groups of 2 calves each. Elevated serum liver enzymes provided evidence of hepatobiliary disease. Gamma glutamyl transferase activities in serums of the calves sustained at least a 10-fold increase above baseline during the feeding trials. Histologic examination of liver biopsies and postmortem sections revealed mild periportal fibrosis and biliary hyperplasia. Culture material from 12 fungal isolates from the hay failed to induce liver disease in calves. C1 USDA ARS,MIDWEST NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP CASTEEL, SW (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,COLL VET MED,VET MED DIAGNOST LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB KANSAS STATE UNIV PI MANHATTAN PA MANHATTAN, KS 66506 SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 37 IS 3 BP 248 EP 251 PG 4 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA QZ562 UT WOS:A1995QZ56200017 PM 7571359 ER PT J AU SEAL, BS LUTZEWALLACE, C KREUTZ, LC SAPP, T DULAC, GC NEILL, JD AF SEAL, BS LUTZEWALLACE, C KREUTZ, LC SAPP, T DULAC, GC NEILL, JD TI ISOLATION OF CALICIVIRUSES FROM SKUNKS THAT ARE ANTIGENICALLY AND GENOTYPICALLY RELATED TO SAN-MIGUEL-SEA-LION-VIRUS SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE POSITIVE STRAND RNA VIRUS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR; DIRECT DOUBLE-STRANDED NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCING; WESTERN BLOT; CALICIVIRUS ID WALRUS ODOBENUS-ROSMARUS; VESICULAR EXANTHEMA; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; PAN-PANISCUS; SEQUENCE; PROTEINS; SWINE; DNA; ANTIBODIES AB Caliciviruses were isolated from feces of skunks imported from the north central United States to Canada. Virus isolation was accomplished using adenovirus-transformed human kidney (293) cells, swine testes and Vero cells. Plaque size variants were present, but there was no apparent difference in virus morphology by negative stain or immune electron microscopy. Pigs infected with skunk calicivirus had a slightly elevated body temperature at 3 days postinfection. Although the infected animals seroconverted, no overt clinical signs were observed. Purified infectious genomic skunk calicivirus RNA behaved exactly as San Miguel sea lion virus (SMSV) 1 and 4 genomic RNA in cell culture transfection studies. Of the cell types examined, only primary porcine kidney, 293 and Vero cells supported viral replication. No viral replication was detected in cells of bovine, equine, ovine, caprine or feline origin. The skunk caliciviruses contained a single capsid protein with a relative mobility similar to SMSV virus 1 and 4 capsid proteins. The capsid protein was positive by Western blot analysis with SMSV and vesicular exanthema of swine virus (VESV) antisera. Purified RNA from skunk calicivirus infected cells was subjected to reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction. Nucleotide sequences were identified that had greater than 85% similarity to the 2C and RNA polymerase gene regions of SMSV 1 and 4 and VESV A48. Predicted amino acid sequences of these regions were greater than 95% similar and the partial coding sequence of the polymerase gene contained the YGDD sequence common to positive-strand RNA virus polymerases. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. AGR CANADA,ANIM DIS RES INST,BIOL EVALUAT LAB,NEPEAN,ON K2H 8P9,CANADA. AGR CANADA,ANIM DIS RES INST,VIROL SECT,NEPEAN,ON K2H 8P9,CANADA. RI Kreutz, Luiz Carlos/A-3729-2015 OI Kreutz, Luiz Carlos/0000-0002-7685-7401 NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(95)00012-F PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA RD708 UT WOS:A1995RD70800001 PM 7483817 ER PT J AU MONTGOMERY, DR GRANT, GE SULLIVAN, K AF MONTGOMERY, DR GRANT, GE SULLIVAN, K TI WATERSHED ANALYSIS AS A FRAMEWORK FOR IMPLEMENTING ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE WATERSHED ANALYSIS; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; WATERSHED MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING ID MONITORING PROGRAMS; LESSONS; DESIGN AB Implementing ecosystem approaches to land use decision making and land management requires new methods for linking science and planning. Greater integration is crucial because under ecosystem management sustainable levels of resource use are determined by coupling management objectives to landscape capabilities and capacities. Recent proposals for implementing ecosystem management employ analyses organized at a hierarchy of scales for analysis and planning. Within this hierarchy, watershed analysis provides a framework for delineating the spatial distribution and linkages between physical processes and biological communities in an appropriate physical context: the watershed. Several such methods are currently in use in the western United States, and although there is no universal procedure for either implementing watershed analysis or linking the results to planning, there are a number of essential elements. A series of questions on landscape-level ecological processes, history, condition, and response potential guide watershed analysis. Individual analysis modules are structured around answering these questions through a spatially-distributed, process-based approach. The planning framework linked to watershed analysis uses this information to either manage environmental impacts or to identify desired conditions and develop land management; prescriptions to achieve these conditions. Watershed analysis offers a number of distinct advantages over contemporary environmental analyses for designing land management scenarios compatible with balancing environmental and economic objectives. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. WEYERHAEUSER CO,WEYERHAEUSER TECHNOL CTR,TACOMA,WA 98447. RP MONTGOMERY, DR (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT GEOL SCI,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 64 TC 74 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 31 IS 3 BP 369 EP 386 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA RF309 UT WOS:A1995RF30900004 ER PT J AU WYLIE, BK SHAFFER, MJ HALL, MD AF WYLIE, BK SHAFFER, MJ HALL, MD TI REGIONAL ASSESSMENT OF NLEAP NO3-N LEACHING INDEXES SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION; GROUND WATER; AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION; IRRIGATION; CORRELATION; GIS; NITRATE LEACHING ID NITRATE-NITROGEN; GROUND-WATER; CONTAMINATION; FERTILIZER; LOSSES; RIVER; SOIL AB Nonpoint source ground water contamination by nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) leached from agricultural lands can be substantial and increase health risks to humans and animals. Accurate and rapid methods are needed to identify and map localities that have a high potential for contamination of shallow aquifers with NO3-N leached from agriculture. Evaluation of Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Package (NLEAP) indices and input variables across an irrigated agricultural area on an alluvial aquifer in Colorado indicated that all leaching indices tested were more strongly correlated with aquifer NO3-N concentration than with aquifer N mass. Of the indices and variables tested, the NO3-N Leached (NL) index was the NLEAP index most strongly associated with groundwater NO3-N concentration (r(2) values from 0.37 to 0.39). NO3-N concentration of the leachate was less well correlated with ground water NO3-N concentration (r(2) values from 0.21 to 0.22). Stepwise regression analysis indicated that, although inorganic and organic/inorganic fertilizer scenarios had similar r(2) values, the Feedlot Indicator (proximity) variable was significant over and above the NO3-N Leached index for the inorganic scenario. The analysis also showed that combination of either Movement Risk Index (MRI) or NO3-N concentration of the leachate with the NO3-N Leached index leads to an improved regression, which provides insight into area-wide associations between agricultural activities and ground water NO3-N concentration. C1 USDA,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP WYLIE, BK (reprint author), AUGUSTA COLL,EROS DATA CTR,SIOUX FALLS,SD 57198, USA. RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014 OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 NR 39 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 31 IS 3 BP 399 EP 408 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA RF309 UT WOS:A1995RF30900006 ER PT J AU SHIELDS, FD BOWIE, AJ COOPER, CM AF SHIELDS, FD BOWIE, AJ COOPER, CM TI CONTROL OF STREAMBANK EROSION DUE TO BED DEGRADATION WITH VEGETATION AND STRUCTURE SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE VEGETATION; STREAMBANK PROTECTION; BIOENGINEERING; STREAM RESTORATION; CHANNEL INCISION; RIPARIAN ZONE ID RIVER AB Combinations of vegetation and structure were applied to control streambank erosion along incised stream channels in northwest Mississippi. Eleven sites along seven channels with contributing drainage areas ranging from 12-300 km(2) were used for testing. Tested configurations included eroding banks protected by vegetation alone, vegetation with structural toe protection, vegetation planted on re-graded banks, and vegetation planted on regraded banks with toe protection. Monitoring continued for up to 10 years, and casual observation for up to 18 years. Sixteen woody and 13 nonwoody species were tested. Native woody species, particularly willow, appear to be best adapted to streambank environments. Sericea lespedeza and Alamo switchgrass were the best nonwoody species tested. Vegetation succeeded in reaches where the bed was not degrading, competition from kudzu was absent, and bank slopes were stabilized by grading or toe protection. Natural vegetation invaded planted and unplanted stable banks composed of fertile soils. Designs involving riprap toe protection in the form of a longitudinal dike and woody vegetation appeared to be most cost-effective. The exotic vine kudzu presents perhaps the greatest long-term obstacle to restoring stable, functional riparian zones along incised channels in our region. RP SHIELDS, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 59 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 19 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 22070-5528 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 31 IS 3 BP 475 EP 489 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA RF309 UT WOS:A1995RF30900013 ER PT J AU SPENCER, DF KSANDER, GG AF SPENCER, DF KSANDER, GG TI INFLUENCE OF PROPAGULE SIZE, SOIL FERTILITY, AND PHOTOPERIOD ON GROWTH AND PROPAGULE PRODUCTION BY 3 SPECIES OF SUBMERSED MACROPHYTES SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE AQUATIC MACROPHYTE ECOLOGY; VEGETATIVE PROPAGULES; TUBERS; PONDWEEDS; HYDRILLA AB Potamogeton pectinatus, P. gramineus, and monoecious Hydrilla verticillata were grown in greenhouse experiments at 2 photoperiods, 5 levels of sediment nutrients, and from initial propagules of 3 different size classes to determine how these factors influenced growth and production of vegetative propagules. Potamogeton pectinatus weight increased with increasing tuber size and soil fertility, but differences between plants grown at two photoperiods were small. Mean weight of tubers was greater for plants grown under a 10-h photoperiod and from tubers in the medium or large size class. Tuber production by plants grown from small tubers under a 10-h photoperiod was much less and was about the same as that for all plants grown under the 16-h photoperiod whatever the initial tuber size. Potamogeton gramineus weight was greater for plants grown on more fertile soils at the 16-h photoperiod. Plant weights at the 10-h photoperiod were less affected by soil fertility. Plants from larger winter buds weighed more. Winter buds were only produced under the 10-h photoperiod. For H. verticillata, there were several significant interactions. In general, plants from larger tubers weighed more if they grew on more fertile soils or at the 16-h photoperiod. Plants grown at the short photoperiod produced more tubers with increasing soil fertility and with increasing propagule size. These results imply that propagule size may be important in determining aquatic plant persistence in an area through its effects on growth and propagule production. RP SPENCER, DF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA,AQUAT WEED CONTROL RES LAB,WEED SCI PROGRAM,ROBBINS HALL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 1995 VL 15 IS 2 BP 134 EP 140 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RG408 UT WOS:A1995RG40800004 ER PT J AU FULLER, MR HATFIELD, JS LINDQUIST, EL AF FULLER, MR HATFIELD, JS LINDQUIST, EL TI ASSESSING GROUND-BASED COUNTS OF NESTLING BALD EAGLES IN NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE BALD EAGLE; COUNT; HALIAEETUS LEUCOCEPHALUS; NESTLING; SUPERIOR NATIONAL FOREST; SURVEY ID REPRODUCTION; POPULATION AB We present evidence that the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) productivity survey in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness of northeastern Minnesota may have underestimated the number of nestlings during 1986-1988. Recommendations are provided to achieve more accurate ground-based counts. By conducting ground-based observations for up to 1 hour/nest, an accurate count of the number of bald eagle nestlings can be obtained. If nests are only observed for up to 30 minutes/nest, an accurate determination of nest success can be made. The effort that managers put into counts should be based on the intended use of the productivity data. If small changes in mean productivity would trigger management action, the less accurate ground-based counts should be conducted with caution. Prior to implementing ground-based counts, a study like ours should estimate bias associated with different survey procedures and the observation time needed to achieve accurate results. C1 NATL BIOL SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. US FOREST SERV,SUPER NATL FOREST,DULUTH,MN 55801. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 1995 VL 23 IS 2 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA RK411 UT WOS:A1995RK41100009 ER PT J AU WHITE, LM HUETTER, DP LINHART, SB SAVARIE, PJ VANBRACKLE, MD AF WHITE, LM HUETTER, DP LINHART, SB SAVARIE, PJ VANBRACKLE, MD TI IOPHENOXIC ACID AS AN ORAL BIOMARKER IN WHITE-TAILED DEER SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE BIOMARKERS; IOPHENOXIC ACID; ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS; PROTEIN-BOUND IODINE; WHITE-TAILED DEER ID RACCOONS; VACCINE; WILD AB We determined the dose and duration of iophenoxic acid (IA; alpha-ethyl-3-hydroxy-2,4,6-triiodobenzenepropanoic acid) as a biomarker for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Ten deer were treated with IA to determine necessary dose of IA as a biomarker. Deer treated with 5 mg IA/kg had elevated iodine concentrations for 3 weeks after dosing. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,SE COOPERAT WILDLIFE DIS STUDY,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER,CO 80225. RP WHITE, LM (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DANIEL B WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. OI Muller, Lisa/0000-0001-7833-2273 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 1995 VL 23 IS 2 BP 194 EP 197 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA RK411 UT WOS:A1995RK41100013 ER PT J AU COOPER, HD RALEY, CM AUBRY, KB AF COOPER, HD RALEY, CM AUBRY, KB TI A NOOSE TRAP FOR CAPTURING PILEATED WOODPECKERS SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE DRYOCOPUS PILEATUS; NOOSE TRAP; PILEATED WOODPECKERS; TRAPPING C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,OLYMPIA,WA 98512. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 1995 VL 23 IS 2 BP 208 EP 211 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA RK411 UT WOS:A1995RK41100017 ER PT J AU GRUBB, TG AF GRUBB, TG TI FOOD-HABITS OF BALD EAGLES BREEDING IN THE ARIZONA DESERT SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PREY REMAINS; DENSITIES; WEATHER; DIETS AB Of 1814 foraging attempts, prey captures, or nest deliveries by Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in 14 Arizona breeding areas during 1983-1985, 1471 observations were identifiable to at least class: fish (76%), mammal (18%), bird (4%), and reptile/amphibian (2%). Forty-five species were recorded: catfish (Ictalurus punctatus, Pylodictis olivaris), suckers (Catosromus insignis, C. clarki), and carp (Cyprinus carpio) were most common. Mean population dietary heterogeneity was 2:03 (SD = 0.43). During 1983-1985, 22 successful sites had a wider dietary breadth than nine unsuccessful ones (3.73 vs 1.92). Fish and mammal classes varied by month (P < 0.001) and breeding area (P < 0.001) and were negatively correlated (R = -0.993, P = 0.001). Of 484 discrete foraging locations, only four (<1%) were frequented in more than one year. Within-season shifts in foraging locations were typical within breeding areas to accommodate changing prey availability. Foraging activity varied hourly and among prey classes, peaking 08:00-10:00 and 16:00-19:00 h MST (P < 0.001). Perches east (NE-E-SE) of foraging sites were used more often before 13:00 h MST (59.3%, N = 118), while perches west (SW-W-NW) were used more often after 13:00 h (58.4%, N = 113; P = 0.013). Most foraging occurred near shore in shallow river waters. The mean straight-line distance between Verde River nest sites was 14.4 km (SD = 3.5) with a ratio of river:straight-line distance of 1.4:1. Opportunistic and breeding area-specific foraging was evident throughout the population. RP GRUBB, TG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,2500 S PINE KNOLL DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 107 IS 2 BP 258 EP 274 PG 17 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA RC272 UT WOS:A1995RC27200005 ER PT J AU WANG, XM RIEDL, B CHRISTIANSEN, AW GEIMER, RL AF WANG, XM RIEDL, B CHRISTIANSEN, AW GEIMER, RL TI THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY ON PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN BONDING SO WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESOL RESINS; CURE; STATE AB The effects of temperature and relative humidity on phenol-formaldehyde resin bonding were evaluated. Two flakes in a lap-shear configuration were bonded under an environment of controlled temperature (110 degrees C, 120 degrees C, 130 degrees C, 140 degrees C) and relative humidity (41%, 75%, 90%) for a series of time periods (0.25 to 16 min). The lap-shear specimens were then shear-tested on a mechanical testing machine and the results were used to establish a family of bond strength development curves at each temperature and level of relative humidity. At 110 degrees C, the higher relative humidity appeared to retard resin bonding. The effects of relative humidity diminished as temperature increased to 140 degrees C. Bond strength development was chemical rate-controlled. The rate of bond strength development at each relative humidity follows a first order reaction mechanism. The activation energy of resin-wood bonding, determined by bonding kinetics, was higher than that of resin alone, determined by differential scanning calorimetry. This comparison indicates that to form a strong resin-wood bond, a higher energy level might be required. C1 UNIV LAVAL,FAC FORESTERIE & GEOMAT,CTR RECH SCI & INGN MACROMOLEC,DEPT SCI BOIS,ST FOY,PQ G1K 7P4,CANADA. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0043-7719 J9 WOOD SCI TECHNOL JI Wood Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 29 IS 4 BP 253 EP 266 PG 14 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA RJ798 UT WOS:A1995RJ79800003 ER PT J AU KRETSCHMANN, DE AF KRETSCHMANN, DE TI EFFECT OF VARYING DIMENSIONS ON TAPERED END-NOTCHED FLEXURE SHEAR SPECIMEN SO WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB An effort is underway by the International Union of Testing and Research Laboratories for Materials and Structures (RILEM) Technical Committee 133, Fracture of Timber, to investigate options for a standardized test method to establish Mode II fracture mechanics properties in wood. In this study, varying size and thickness effects on the performance of the RILEM proposed tapered end-notched flexture (TENF) shear specimen were studied. Three sizes and thicknesses of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) specimens with a tangential-longitudinal orientation and density between 400 and 500 kg/m(3) were tested. For the range of dimensions investigated, no evidence was found of a size or thickness effect on fracture energy. RP KRETSCHMANN, DE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0043-7719 J9 WOOD SCI TECHNOL JI Wood Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 29 IS 4 BP 287 EP 293 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA RJ798 UT WOS:A1995RJ79800006 ER PT J AU FLEET, JC AF FLEET, JC TI YOUNG RESEARCHERS DISILLUSIONMENT BODES ILL FOR FUTURE OF SCIENCE SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Editorial Material AB The excess of Ph.D.'s in science should be approached in two ways: reducing the number of doctoral students by steering some in directions that more appropriately match their aspirations, and making a greater effort to communicate scientific issues to the public, who support the work of researchers, suggests James C. fleet, staff scientist at the Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Center on Aging at Tufts University. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,MEDFORD,MA 02155. RP FLEET, JC (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,MEDFORD,MA 02155, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENTIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 MARKET ST SUITE 450, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD MAY 29 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 11 BP 11 EP 11 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RB050 UT WOS:A1995RB05000008 ER PT J AU KINGAN, TG BODNAR, WM RAINA, AK SHABANOWITZ, J HUNT, DF AF KINGAN, TG BODNAR, WM RAINA, AK SHABANOWITZ, J HUNT, DF TI THE LOSS OF FEMALE SEX-PHEROMONE AFTER MATING IN THE CORN-EARWORM MOTH HELICOVERPA-ZEA - IDENTIFICATION OF A MALE PHEROMONOSTATIC PEPTIDE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INSECT; MATING BEHAVIOR; MALE SEMINAL FLUID ID BURSA COPULATRIX; MATED BEHAVIOR; MANDUCA-SEXTA; BIOSYNTHESIS; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; VIRGIN; PBAN AB Female moths often become depleted of sex pheromone after mating as the various components of virgin behavior are switched off. In examining a potential male contribution to these events in the corn earworm moth Helicoverpa zea, we have characterized a basic polypeptide from the tissues producing (accessory glands) and storing (duplex) the seminal fluids. The peptide evokes the depletion of sex pheromone when injected into virgin females. This pheromonostatic peptide (PSP) is 57 amino acids long and contains a single disulfide bridge. It is blocked at the N terminus with pyroglutamate and at the C terminus by amidation. As little as 23 ng of peptide evokes the near-complete depletion of pheromone in decapitated (neck-ligated) females that had been injected with pheromone neuropeptide. Activity is approximate to 15-fold less in intact virgins, showing that the head limits the expression of activity in these injected females. Females mated to surgically impaired males, capable of producing a spermatophore but not transferring spermatozoa or seminal fluids, are depleted of pheromone by injected peptide. Females whose abdominal nerve cords have been severed are not depleted of pheromone after mating. Thus, neural signals either descending or ascending via the nerve cord are required for the depletion of pheromone after mating. PSP, from the seminal fluids, may participate in this process by direct or indirect action on the glandular tissue; if so, it represents an unusual mechanism in insects for the regulation by seminal fluids of postmating reproductive behavior. C1 UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT CHEM,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22901. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BIOL SCI,CATONSVILLE,MD 21228. RP KINGAN, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,E BLDG 306,ROOM 322,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Hunt, Donald/I-6936-2012 OI Hunt, Donald/0000-0003-2815-6368 NR 25 TC 73 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 23 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 11 BP 5082 EP 5086 DI 10.1073/pnas.92.11.5082 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA RA150 UT WOS:A1995RA15000075 PM 7761452 ER PT J AU SHELTON, DR AF SHELTON, DR TI SCIENCE FOR THE 21ST-CENTURY SO CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING NEWS LA English DT Letter RP SHELTON, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0009-2347 J9 CHEM ENG NEWS JI Chem. Eng. News PD MAY 22 PY 1995 VL 73 IS 21 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA QZ598 UT WOS:A1995QZ59800002 ER PT J AU KALSHOVEN, JE TIERNEY, MR DAUGHTRY, CST MCMURTREY, JE AF KALSHOVEN, JE TIERNEY, MR DAUGHTRY, CST MCMURTREY, JE TI REMOTE-SENSING OF CROP PARAMETERS WITH A POLARIZED, FREQUENCY-DOUBLED ND-YAG LASER SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE LASER; LASER APPLICATIONS; REMOTE SENSING; POLARIZATION; MULTISPECTRAL; NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; LEAF AREA INDEX; CROP YIELD; PLANT STRESS; AGRICULTURE; LIDAR AB Polarized laser remote-sensing measurements that correlate the yield, the normalized difference vegetation index, and the leaf area index with the depolarized backscattered radiation from corn plots grown with eight different nitrogen fertilization dosages are presented. A polarized Nd:YAG laser emitting at 1064 and 532 nm is used. Depolarization increased significantly with increasing fertilization at the infrared wavelength, and there was a decrease in the depolarization at the green wavelength. The depolarization spectral difference index, defined as the absolute difference in the depolarization at the two wavelengths, is introduced as a parameter that is an indicator of the condition of the internal leaf structure. C1 USDA ARS,REMOTE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP KALSHOVEN, JE (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,TERR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 20 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 15 BP 2745 EP 2749 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA QZ042 UT WOS:A1995QZ04200021 PM 21052420 ER PT J AU HANDLER, AM GOMEZ, SP AF HANDLER, AM GOMEZ, SP TI THE HOBO TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT HAS TRANSPOSASE-DEPENDENT AND TRANSPOSASE-INDEPENDENT EXCISION ACTIVITY IN DROSOPHILID SPECIES SO MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE HOBO ELEMENT; TRANSPOSON EXCISION; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER; DROSOPHILIDAE ID GERM-LINE; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; HYBRID DYSGENESIS; SOMATIC-CELLS; MELANOGASTER; INSECTS; TRANSFORMATION; INSTABILITY; STRAIN AB Mobility of the hobo transposable element was determined for several strains of Drosophila melanogaster and several Drosophila species. Mobility was assessed by use of an in vivo transient assay in the soma of developing embryos, which monitored hobo excision from injected indicator plasmids. Excision was detected in a D. melanogaster strain (cn; ry(42)) devoid of endogenous hobo elements only after co-injection of a helper plasmid containing functional hobo transposase under either heat shock or normal promoter regulation. Excision was also detected in D. melanogaster without helper in strains known to contain genomic copies of hobo. In Drosophila species confirmed not to contain hobo, hobo excision occurred at significant rates both in the presence and absence of co-injected helper plasmid. In four of the seven species tested, excision frequencies were two- to fivefold lower in the presence of plasmid-borne hobo, hobo excision donor sites were sequenced in indicator plasmids extracted from D. melanogaster ry(42) and D. virilis embryos. In the presence of hobo transposase, the predominant excision sites were identical in both species, having breakpoints at the hobo termini with an inverted duplication of proximal insertion site DNA. However, in the absence of hobo transposase in D. virilis, excision breakpoints were apparently random and occurred distal to the hobo termini. The data indicate that hobo is capable of functioning in the soma during embryogenesis, and that its mobility is unrestricted in drosophilids. Furthermore, drosophilids not containing hobo are able to mobilize hobo, presumably by a hobo-related cross-mobilizing system. The cross-mobilizing system in D. virilis is not functionally identical to hobo with respect to excision sequence specificity. RP HANDLER, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECTS ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,1700 SW 23RD DR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608, USA. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0026-8925 J9 MOL GEN GENET JI Mol. Gen. Genet. PD MAY 20 PY 1995 VL 247 IS 4 BP 399 EP 408 DI 10.1007/BF00293140 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA RA331 UT WOS:A1995RA33100002 PM 7770046 ER PT J AU HAMADA, JS AF HAMADA, JS TI HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF BACILLUS-CIRCULANS PEPTIDOGLUTAMINASE FOR LABORATORY AND INDUSTRIAL USES SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 International Symposium on Preparative Chromatography CY JUN 01-05, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP WASHINGTON CHROMATOG DISCUSS GRP ID PROTEINS; DEAMIDATION AB Gel permeation and anion-exchange chromatography were used to develop methodology for large-scare production of peptidoglutaminase (PGase) from Bacillus circulans cell extract. Sample load, flow-rate and elution profiles were optimized to obtain a highly active DNA-free PGase preparation in high yield. PGase was fractionated into I and II and purified up to 1430-fold for enzymatic determination of glutamine, molecular cloning and protein deamidation research. PGases were also separated directly from B. circulans extract (20-30 mg) in one peak with an 8-fold purification on a 43-ml anion-exchange column at 2 cm/min in 35-40 min. More than 65% of the cell extract proteins were eluted after the PGase peak and contained all the nucleic acids. This method appears to meet the requirements of purity, yield, speed and other economic aspects for successful production of PGase for potential modification of food proteins in industrial reactors. RP HAMADA, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAY 19 PY 1995 VL 702 IS 1-2 BP 163 EP 172 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(94)01267-I PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RA849 UT WOS:A1995RA84900014 ER PT J AU REXROAD, CE AF REXROAD, CE TI TRANSGENIC LIVESTOCK IN AGRICULTURE AND MEDICINE SO CHEMISTRY & INDUSTRY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; GENE-TRANSFER; FARM-ANIMALS; FUSION GENE; SHEEP; PIGS; RABBITS; MILK; MICROINJECTION; GROWTH RP REXROAD, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,GENE EVAL & MAPPING LAB,BLDG 200,ROOM 8,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC CHEMICAL INDUSTRY PI LONDON PA 14 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1X 8PS SN 0009-3068 J9 CHEM IND-LONDON JI Chem. Ind. PD MAY 15 PY 1995 IS 10 BP 372 EP 375 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA QY360 UT WOS:A1995QY36000005 ER PT J AU CRAN, DG JOHNSON, LA POLGE, C AF CRAN, DG JOHNSON, LA POLGE, C TI SEX PRESELECTION IN CATTLE - A FIELD TRIAL SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Note ID INVITRO FERTILIZATION; BEARING SPERM C1 USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP CRAN, DG (reprint author), ANIM RES STN,307 HUNTINGDON RD,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0JQ,ENGLAND. NR 6 TC 63 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD MAY 13 PY 1995 VL 136 IS 19 BP 495 EP 496 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QZ654 UT WOS:A1995QZ65400011 PM 7645188 ER PT J AU BEATTIE, JH RICHARDS, MP AF BEATTIE, JH RICHARDS, MP TI ANALYSIS OF METALLOTHIONEIN ISOFORMS BY CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS - OPTIMIZATION OF PROTEIN SEPARATION CONDITIONS USING MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CAPILLARY CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Capillary Electrophoresis CY AUG 24-26, 1994 CL YORK, ENGLAND SP CHROMATOG SOC, BRIT ELECTROPHORESIS SOC, UNIV YORK ID ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; MANIPULATION AB Capillary electrophoresis (CE) techniques have been successfully applied to the separation of metallothionein (MT) isoforms and have proved to be rapid, practical and economical. Study of a variety of different electrolytes and capillaries has shown that electrolyte buffer composition and capillary wall surface modifications can have considerable influence on isoform separation and resolution. Ionic surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) form micelles at elevated concentrations and the partitioning of molecules between the hydrophobic micelle phase and the aqueous phase and their resulting migration in an electric field is the basis of the technique known as micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC). In the present work, we have used sheep and rabbit MT to optimise MECC conditions for analysis of MT isoforms. Capillaries of 57 cm gave much better separations than shorter columns although analysis times were increased to about 12 min. Changing the buffer and SDS concentration or the pH affected the selectivity of isoform separation and up to 5 isoforms in sheep MT and 6 in rabbit MT were completely or partially resolved. Comparing different diameter capillaries we conclude that 25 mu m I.D. columns give better separations than 50 or 75 mu m I.D. columns although sensitivity is reduced by a factor of about 3 and 5, respectively. Using our MECC conditions, columns coated with C-1 or C-18 hydrophobic material were not found to be useful in improving MT separation or resolution although further evaluation of these columns is in progress. Analysis of sheep liver extracts using optimised conditions showed the expression of at least 4 MT isoforms in response to Zn injection and 3 of these forms were evident in extracts from untreated sheep. We therefore conclude that MECC is a suitable method for MT isoform analysis. C1 USDA ARS,GROWTH BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BEATTIE, JH (reprint author), ROWETT RES INST,DIV BIOCHEM SCI,GREENBURN RD,BUCKSBURN AB2 9SB,ABERDEEN,SCOTLAND. NR 34 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAY 12 PY 1995 VL 700 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(94)01167-D PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA QZ073 UT WOS:A1995QZ07300014 PM 7767466 ER PT J AU WHITEHEAD, TR AF WHITEHEAD, TR TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES OF XYLAN-INDUCIBLE XYLANASE AND XYLOSIDASE ARABINOSIDASE GENES FROM BACTEROIDES-OVATUS V975 SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS LA English DT Note DE XYLANASE; XYLOSIDASE; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; DNA; (B-OVATUS) AB The nucleotide sequences of the xylI and xsa genes of Bacteroides ovatus V975, encoding xylanase and xylosidase activities, were determined. Both genes are part of a xylan-inducible operon, the sequenced region of which also contains a partial open reading frame upstream of the xylanase gene. Deduced amino acid sequence similarity analyses indicate that the xylanase belongs to the Family F series of glycosyl hydrolases. RP WHITEHEAD, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009 NR 6 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4165 J9 BBA-GEN SUBJECTS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gen. Subj. PD MAY 11 PY 1995 VL 1244 IS 1 BP 239 EP 241 DI 10.1016/0304-4165(95)00051-C PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA RA633 UT WOS:A1995RA63300035 PM 7766665 ER PT J AU PUGACHEV, KV MASON, PW FREY, TK AF PUGACHEV, KV MASON, PW FREY, TK TI SINDBIS VECTORS SUPPRESS SECRETION OF SUBVIRAL PARTICLES OF JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS FROM MAMMALIAN-CELLS INFECTED WITH SIN-JEV RECOMBINANTS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMLIKI FOREST VIRUS; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; VACCINIA VIRUS; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; EXPRESSION VECTORS; INVITRO MUTAGENESIS; RNA TRANSCRIPTS; CDNA CLONES; REPLICATION; MICE AB Double-subgenomic Sindbis virus (dsSIN) recombinants that express cassettes encoding prM-E or a C-terminally truncated form of E of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) were constructed. The products were efficiently expressed in both mammalian and mosquito cell lines infected with the dsSIN recombinants. However, suppression of prM-E secretion from mammalian cells infected with dsSIN-prM-E recombinants was observed. This suppression was more pronounced late in infection (< 5% of total product was secreted during an 8-hr chase) than early in infection (15% secretion during a 6-hr chase). In comparison, a vaccinia virus-prM-E recombinant (vP829) described previously (E. Konishi at al. (1991) Virology 185, 401-410) was shown to secrete 35-50% of total product during a 6- to 8-hr chase both early and late in infection. In contrast, secretion of prM-E from dsSIN-prM-E-infected mosquito (C6/36) cells was found to be efficient (> 50% during an 8-hr chase). The prM-E secreted from both mammalian and mosquito cells was in the form of subviral particles as determined by velocity gradient centrifugation, sensitivity to nonionic detergent, and analysis of processing of N-linked glycans. The truncated E protein expressed by the dsSIN recombinants was secreted efficiently from both mammalian and mosquito cells. Coinfection experiments with the dsSIN-JEV recombinants + wild-type vaccinia virus and vP829 + SIN demonstrated that the reduced level of secretion of subviral particles exhibited by the dsSIN-JEV recombinants was due to an inhibitory effect of the dsSIN vectors. Furthermore, this inhibitory effect was accounted for by the SIN nonstructural proteins since SIN replicons that express prM-E cassette in place of the SIN structural protein open reading frame exhibited a low level of subviral particle secretion. No self-propagating infectious particles were produced in cells transfected with SIN replicons that encode the JEV prM-E cassette. The suppression of subviral particle secretion was apparently correlated with the inhibition of cell protein synthesis which is mediated in SIN-infected vertebrate cells by expression of the SIN nonstructural proteins. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30303. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY 10 PY 1995 VL 209 IS 1 BP 155 EP 166 DI 10.1006/viro.1995.1239 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA QY819 UT WOS:A1995QY81900016 PM 7747465 ER PT J AU MORIUCHI, H MORIUCHI, M DEAN, H CHEUNG, AK COHEN, JI AF MORIUCHI, H MORIUCHI, M DEAN, H CHEUNG, AK COHEN, JI TI PSEUDORABIES VIRUS EPO IS FUNCTIONALLY HOMOLOGOUS TO VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS ORF61 PROTEIN AND HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE-1 ICPO SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID OPEN READING FRAME; IMMEDIATE-EARLY PROTEIN; COMPLETE DNA-SEQUENCE; EARLY GENE; PROMOTERS; RECOMBINANT; EXPRESSION; DELETION; MUTANTS; CELLS AB Pseudorabies virus (PRV) early protein 0 (EP0) is the homolog of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame 61 (ORF61) protein and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ICP0. A PRV EP0 deletion mutant grows poorly in cell culture, suggesting that EP0 plays a critical role in the viral replicative cycle, In this study, we have shown that the growth defect of an EP0 deletion mutant was complemented in Vero cells expressing VZV ORF61 protein or HSV-1 ICP0. In transient expression assays PRV EP0, like VZV ORF61 protein and HSV-1 ICP0, transactivates a variety of promoters from PRV, VZV, HSV, and unrelated viruses. These data indicate that PRV EP0 is functionally homologous to VZV ORF61 protein and HSV-1 ICP0. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. RP MORIUCHI, H (reprint author), NIAID,CLIN INVEST LAB,MED VIROL SECT,BLDG 10,ROOM 11N214,9000 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY 10 PY 1995 VL 209 IS 1 BP 281 EP 283 DI 10.1006/viro.1995.1256 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA QY819 UT WOS:A1995QY81900033 PM 7747481 ER PT J AU TURLINGS, TCJ LOUGHRIN, JH MCCALL, PJ ROSE, USR LEWIS, WJ TUMLINSON, JH AF TURLINGS, TCJ LOUGHRIN, JH MCCALL, PJ ROSE, USR LEWIS, WJ TUMLINSON, JH TI HOW CATERPILLAR-DAMAGED PLANTS PROTECT THEMSELVES BY ATTRACTING PARASITIC WASPS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Self-Defense by Plants: Induction and Signalling Pathways CY SEP 15-17, 1994 CL IRVINE, CA SP NATL ACAD SCI ID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES CRESSON; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; CHEMICAL SIGNALS; HOST-PLANT; IDENTIFICATION; LEPIDOPTERA; RESPONSES; INDUCTION; MITES AB Parasitic and predatory arthropods often prevent plants from being severely damaged by killing herbivores as they feed on the plants. Recent studies show that a variety of plants, when injured by herbivores, emit chemical signals that guide natural enemies to the herbivores, It is unlikely that herbivore-damaged plants initiate the production of chemicals solely to attract parasitoids and predators, The signaling role probably evolved secondarily from plant responses that produce toxins and deterrents against herbivores and antibiotics against pathogens, To effectively function as signals for natural enemies, the emitted volatiles should be clearly distinguishable from background odors, specific for prey or host species that feed on the plant, and emitted at times when the natural enemies forage, Our studies on the phenomena of herbivore-induced emissions of volatiles in corn and cotton plants and studies conducted by others indicate that (i) the clarity of the volatile signals is high, as they are unique for herbivore damage, produced in relatively large amounts, and easily distinguishable from background odors; (ii) specificity is limited when different herbivores feed on the same plant species but high as far as odors emitted by different plant species and genotypes are concerned; (iii) the signals are timed so that they are mainly released during the daytime, when natural enemies tend to forage, and they wane slowly after herbivory stops. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. USDA ARS,GEORGIA COASTAL PLAINS EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; Turlings, Ted/E-8671-2012 OI Turlings, Ted/0000-0002-8315-785X NR 40 TC 452 Z9 500 U1 13 U2 111 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 9 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 10 BP 4169 EP 4174 DI 10.1073/pnas.92.10.4169 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QX876 UT WOS:A1995QX87600018 PM 7753779 ER PT J AU DINESHKUMAR, SP WHITHAM, S CHOI, D HEHL, R CORR, C BAKER, B AF DINESHKUMAR, SP WHITHAM, S CHOI, D HEHL, R CORR, C BAKER, B TI TRANSPOSON TAGGING OF TOBACCO MOSAIC-VIRUS RESISTANCE GENE-N - ITS POSSIBLE ROLE IN THE TMV-N-MEDIATED SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION PATHWAY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Self-Defense by Plants: Induction and Signalling Pathways CY SEP 15-17, 1994 CL IRVINE, CA SP NATL ACAD SCI ID CONTROLLING ELEMENT ACTIVATOR; LEUCINE-RICH REPEATS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN; KAPPA-B; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DROSOPHILA EMBRYO; ADENYLATE-CYCLASE; RECEPTOR AB Plants can recognize and resist invading pathogens by signaling the induction of rapid defense responses, Often these responses are mediated by single dominant resistance genes (R genes), The products of R genes have been postulated to recognize the pathogen and trigger rapid host defense responses. Here we describe isolation of the classical resistance gene N of tobacco that mediates resistance to the well-characterized pathogen tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The N gene was isolated by transposon tagging using the maize Activator (Ac) transposon. We confirmed isolation of the N gene by complementation of the TMV-sensitive phenotype with a genomic DNA fragment. Sequence analysis of the N gene shows that it encodes a protein,vith an amino-terminal domain similar to that of the cytoplasmic domains of the Drosophila Toll protein and tbe interleukin 1 receptor in mammals, a putative nucleotide-binding site and 14 imperfect leucine-rich repeats. The presence of these functional domains in the predicted N gene product is consistent with the hypothesis that the N resistance gene functions in a signal transduction pathway. Similarities of N to-Toll and the interleukin 1 receptor suggest a similar signaling mechanism leading to rapid gene induction and TMV resistance. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA ARS,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP DINESHKUMAR, SP (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Dinesh-Kumar, Savithramma/E-1153-2011; Choi, Doil/F-5002-2011; Baker, Barbara/L-7198-2016; OI Baker, Barbara/0000-0002-1276-971X; Hehl, Reinhard/0000-0002-1550-3394 NR 58 TC 68 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 9 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 10 BP 4175 EP 4180 DI 10.1073/pnas.92.10.4175 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QX876 UT WOS:A1995QX87600019 PM 7753780 ER PT J AU COOK, RJ THOMASHOW, LS WELLER, DM FUJIMOTO, D MAZZOLA, M BANGERA, G KIM, D AF COOK, RJ THOMASHOW, LS WELLER, DM FUJIMOTO, D MAZZOLA, M BANGERA, G KIM, D TI MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF DEFENSE BY RHIZOBACTERIA AGAINST ROOT DISEASE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Self-Defense by Plants: Induction and Signalling Pathways CY SEP 15-17, 1994 CL IRVINE, CA SP NATL ACAD SCI ID GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; GAEUMANNOMYCES-GRAMINIS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ANTIBIOTIC BIOSYNTHESIS; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; SALICYLIC-ACID; TAKE-ALL; STRAIN; WHEAT AB Genetic resistance in plants to root diseases is rare, and agriculture depends instead on practices such as crop rotation and soil fumigation to control these diseases. ''Induced suppression'' is a natural phenomenon whereby a soil due to microbiological changes converts from conducive to suppressive to a soilborne pathogen during prolonged monoculture of the susceptible host. Our studies have focused on the wheat root disease ''take-all,'' caused by the fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, and the role of bacteria in tbe wheat rhizosphere (rhizobacteria) in a well-documented induced suppression (take-all decline) that occurs in response to the disease and continued monoculture of wheat, The results summarized herein show that antibiotic production plays a significant role in both plant defense by and ecological competence of rhizobacteria. Production of phenazine and phloroglucinol antibiotics, as examples, account for most of the natural defense provided by fluorescent Pseudomonas strains isolated from among the diversity of rhizobacteria associated with take-all decline, There appear to be st least three levels of regulation of genes for antibiotic biosynthesis: environmental sensing, global regulation that ties antibiotic production to cellular metabolism, and regulatory loci linked to genes for pathway enzymes. Plant defense by rhizobacteria producing antibiotics on roots and as cohabitants with pathogens in infected tissues is analogous to defense by the plant's production of phytoalexins, even to the extent that an enzyme of the same chalcone/stilbene synthase family used to produce phytoalexins is used to produce 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol. The defense strategy favored by selection pressure imposed on plants by soilborne pathogens may well be the ability of plants to support and respond to rhizosphere microorganisms antagonistic to these pathogens. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. RP COOK, RJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, 367 JOHNSON HALL, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. NR 52 TC 196 Z9 215 U1 2 U2 44 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 9 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 10 BP 4197 EP 4201 DI 10.1073/pnas.92.10.4197 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QX876 UT WOS:A1995QX87600023 PM 11607544 ER PT J AU LIN, JT MCKEON, TA STAFFORD, AE AF LIN, JT MCKEON, TA STAFFORD, AE TI GRADIENT REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF SATURATED, UNSATURATED AND OXYGENATED FREE FATTY-ACIDS AND THEIR METHYL-ESTERS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article ID ENDOGENOUS GIBBERELLINS; COLUMN; SEPARATION; QUANTITATION AB Reversed-phase C-18 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation of 49 free fatty acids and their methyl esters is reported here. Separation is achieved using methanol/water gradients and detection by either UV absorbance or evaporative light scattering. The factors decreasing retention times are: keto group, hydroxy group, epoxy group, triple bond, shortened chain length (C2H4 shorter), cyclopropenyl group, double bond, and cyclopropanyl group, in approximate correspondence to the order of their decreasing polarity. Fatty acids with cis-double bond, cis-epoxy and threo-dihydroxy substituents elute slightly earlier than the corresponding trans-double bond, trans-epoxy and erythro-dihydroxy fatty acids. These geometric isomers are better separated as free fatty acids than their methyl esters. For monounsaturates, cis-double bond at C-10 of the methyl ester of octadecenoic acid decreased the retention times most, with slightly increasing retention time as the double bond shifts toward either end of the chain. The trans-double bond of methyl esters of octadecenoic acids showed similar results. The effect of single double bond position in the HPLC of free octadecenoic acids is similar except the shortest retention time occurs when the double bond is at C-11. Two of the C-18 columns in series achieve the separation of double bond positional isomers (free fatty acids), cis-7-octadecenoic acid and petroselinic acid (cis-6) at a resolution R(s) = 1.05. RP LIN, JT (reprint author), USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 19 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAY 5 PY 1995 VL 699 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00089-6 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA QY359 UT WOS:A1995QY35900010 ER PT J AU STASKAWICZ, BJ AUSUBEL, FM BAKER, BJ ELLIS, JG JONES, JDG AF STASKAWICZ, BJ AUSUBEL, FM BAKER, BJ ELLIS, JG JONES, JDG TI MOLECULAR-GENETICS OF PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; PROTEIN-KINASE; TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN; ELEMENT ACTIVATOR; DROSOPHILA EMBRYO; GENES; TOMATO; MAIZE; ARABIDOPSIS; PHENOTYPE AB Plant breeders have used disease resistance genes (R genes) to control plant disease since the turn of the century, Molecular cloning of R genes that enable plants to resist a diverse range of pathogens has revealed that the proteins encoded by these genes have several features in common. These findings suggest that plants may have evolved common signal transduction mechanisms for the expression of resistance to a wide range of unrelated pathogens. Characterization of the molecular signals involved in pathogen recognition and of the molecular events that specify the expression of resistance may lead to novel strategies for plant disease control. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT GENET,BOSTON,MA 02115. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,DEPT BIOL MOLEC,BOSTON,MA 02114. USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. CSIRO,DIV PLANT IND,CANBERRA,ACT,AUSTRALIA. CSIRO,COOPERAT RES CTR PLANT SCI,CANBERRA,ACT,AUSTRALIA. JOHN INNES CTR PLANT SCI RES,SAINSBURY LAB,NORWICH NR4 7UH,NORFOLK,ENGLAND. RP STASKAWICZ, BJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Ellis, Jeffrey/A-1999-2010; Baker, Barbara/L-7198-2016; Jones, Jonathan/J-5129-2012 OI Baker, Barbara/0000-0002-1276-971X; Jones, Jonathan/0000-0002-4953-261X NR 79 TC 644 Z9 698 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 5 PY 1995 VL 268 IS 5211 BP 661 EP 667 DI 10.1126/science.7732374 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QW603 UT WOS:A1995QW60300034 PM 7732374 ER PT J AU QUAIL, PH BOYLAN, MT PARKS, BM SHORT, TW XU, Y WAGNER, D AF QUAIL, PH BOYLAN, MT PARKS, BM SHORT, TW XU, Y WAGNER, D TI PHYTOCHROMES - PHOTOSENSORY PERCEPTION AND SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-REGULATED DEVELOPMENT; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROTEIN-PHOSPHORYLATION; TERMINAL DOMAIN; MUTANTS; PLANT; COP1; PHYCOCYANOBILIN AB The phytochrome family of photoreceptors monitors the light environment and dictates patterns of gene expression that enable the plant to optimize growth and development in accordance with prevailing conditions. The enduring challenge is to define the biochemical mechanism of phytochrome action and to dissect the signaling circuitry by which the photoreceptor molecules relay sensory information to the genes they regulate. Evidence indicates that individual phytochromes have specialized photosensory functions. The amino-terminal domain of the molecule determines this photosensory specificity, whereas a short segment in the carboxyl-terminal domain is critical for signal transfer to downstream components. Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins, calcium-calmodulin, cyclic guanosine 5'-phosphate, and the COP-DET-FUS class of master regulators are implicated as signaling intermediates in phototransduction. C1 USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP QUAIL, PH (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM47475] NR 84 TC 565 Z9 594 U1 9 U2 55 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 5 PY 1995 VL 268 IS 5211 BP 675 EP 680 DI 10.1126/science.7732376 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QW603 UT WOS:A1995QW60300036 PM 7732376 ER PT J AU COLLES, S WOOD, WG MYERSPAYNE, SC IGBAVBOA, U AVDULOV, NA JOSEPH, J SCHROEDER, F AF COLLES, S WOOD, WG MYERSPAYNE, SC IGBAVBOA, U AVDULOV, NA JOSEPH, J SCHROEDER, F TI STRUCTURE AND POLARITY OF MOUSE-BRAIN SYNAPTIC PLASMA-MEMBRANE - EFFECTS OF ETHANOL IN-VITRO AND IN-VIVO SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE BILAYER VESICLES; ACID-BINDING PROTEINS; LIPID BILAYERS; FATTY-ACID; LIFETIME DISTRIBUTIONS; ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANE; FLUORESCENCE DEPOLARIZATION; MODULATION FLUOROMETRY; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYER; MULTIFREQUENCY PHASE AB Structural and dielectric alteration by ethanol in vitro and chronic ethanol consumption were examined in synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) using diphenylhexatriene and charged diphenylhexatriene derivatives. These fluorophores, in combination with multifrequency phase and modulation fluorometry, allowed the examination of the surface and interior core of SPM. Limiting anisotropy and rotational relaxation time demonstrated that the synaptosomal plasma membrane surface domain was more rigid than the interior core domain. Ethanol in vitro fluidized the interior core and surface domains in SPM of the control, but not chronic ethanol-treated mice. Although the latter membranes were more rigid than control membranes, the intrinsic rigidity of the interior core of the synaptosomal plasma membrane did not strictly correlate with effects of ethanol in vitro. SPM of irradiated membranes were more rigid, but ethanol fluidized those membranes. Diphenylhexatriene lifetime and photoreactivity were sensitive to the range of dielectric constants in the SPM interior core. Ethanol in vitro increased both the surface and interior core range of dielectric constants of SPM from control but not chronic ethanol-treated animals. Thus, ethanol in vitro altered not only the fluidity but also the range of dielectric constants in both the surface and interior core domains in SPM of control but not chronic ethanol-treated mice. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV, TEXAS VET MED CTR, DEPT PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, SCH MED, CTR GERIATR RES EDUC & CLIN, VET ADM MED CTR, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55417 USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, SCH MED, DEPT PHARMACOL, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55417 USA. TUFTS UNIV, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, USDA, ARS, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG11056]; NIAAA NIH HHS [AA07292]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM31651] NR 87 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAY 2 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 17 BP 5945 EP 5959 DI 10.1021/bi00017a024 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA QW146 UT WOS:A1995QW14600024 PM 7727452 ER PT J AU DINTZIS, FR BAGLEY, EB AF DINTZIS, FR BAGLEY, EB TI SHEAR-THICKENING AND TRANSIENT FLOW EFFECTS IN STARCH SOLUTIONS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID ASEPTIC PROCESSING CONDITIONS; NEGATIVE THIXOTROPY; SUSPENSIONS; DILATANCY RP DINTZIS, FR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD PHYS CHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 14 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD MAY 2 PY 1995 VL 56 IS 5 BP 637 EP 640 DI 10.1002/app.1995.070560513 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA QT027 UT WOS:A1995QT02700013 ER PT J AU COCHRAN, VL SCHLENTNER, SF AF COCHRAN, VL SCHLENTNER, SF TI INTERCROPPED OAT AND FABABEAN IN ALASKA - DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION, DINITROGEN FIXATION, NITROGEN TRANSFER, AND NITROGEN-FERTILIZER RESPONSE SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL; YIELD; MIXTURES; ACCUMULATION; BARLEY; LEGUME; GROWTH; CLOVER; CROPS; GRASS AB There are conflicting reports on the amount of N transferred from legumes to intercropped nonlegumes and on the need for N fertilizer to obtain high total dry matter yields on soil with low N availability. This study evaluates (i) the ability of fababean (Vicia faba L.) to meet its M requirements from biological Ni fixation: (ii) the amount of N transferred to intercropped oat (Avena sativa L.); and (iii) N fertilizer management to maximize dry matter production and N-2 fixation in a cold soil. A randomized complete block experimental design with four replications was used with two rows of fababean alternating with two rows of oat. Urea was applied in bands between fababean or oat rows at 90 kg N ha(-1) to get the following treatments: (i) oat with added N (+N), fababean +N, inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum by. viceae (+I); (ii) oat +N, fababean without added N, inoculated (-N,+I); (iii) oat -N, fababean -N,+I; (iv) oat -N, fababean +N,-I; and (v) oat -N, fahabean -N,+I. A second study compared uptake of N-15-depleted fertilizer by oat and fababean, where the fertilizer was broadcast over the plot or band-applied between row of oat and fababean planted in alternate rows. Less than 1% of the uninoculated fababean plants nodulated in either experiment; thus, they were a good check for estimating N-2 fixation using the difference method. Nitrogen fertilizer increased dry matter production of fababean in some years, but did not increase N uptake. There was little evidence of N transfer from fababean to oat. Oat depended on N fertilizer for maximum dry matter production 3 of the 4 yr. Maximum total dry matter production was achieved by fertilizing the oat and not the fababean in 3 of the 4 yr. The amount of N-2 fixed by fababean averaged 50 kg N ha(-1). Fababean plants obtained >50% of their N from broadcast urea, but <10% when urea was banded between oat and fababean rows. Configuring a commercial drill to band fertilizer between pairs of oat rows alternating with fababean is a practical way to maximize both N-2 fixation and total dry matter production. C1 UNIV ALASKA,USDA ARS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP COCHRAN, VL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO PLAINS SOIL & WATER RES CTR,POB 1109,SIDNEY,MT 59270, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 87 IS 3 BP 420 EP 424 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RJ962 UT WOS:A1995RJ96200006 ER PT J AU YAMAUCHI, A TAYLOR, HM UPCHURCH, DR MCMICHAEL, BL AF YAMAUCHI, A TAYLOR, HM UPCHURCH, DR MCMICHAEL, BL TI AXIAL RESISTANCE TO WATER-FLOW OF INTACT COTTON TAPROOTS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ROOTS; TRANSPORT; WHEAT; SOIL AB A knowledge of root hydraulic resistance is required for the application of water Bow models of the plant-soil system. An attempt was made to estimate axial resistance of intact cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Tamcot CAMD-E 107-5A) taproots to water flow by direct and simultaneous measurement of water flow rate and of the gradient in xylem water potential. Fiscus's root psychrometer was modified and used for the measurement of xylem water potential. The measurements were made in rigidly controlled, constant temperature environments, and under conditions in which no water was available for the portion of the taproot where xylem water potential gradient was measured, but water was available distal to that portion. The water uptake rate was simultaneously measured while water was supplied at a constant head. Axial resistance to water flow along a cotton taproot of 70- to 12O-d-old plants was on the order of 1 mg(-1) water m(-1) root s MPa, which is near the lower limit of published values for cotton and other species. Axial resistance was also calculated from the measured xylem vessel diameters based on the Poiseuille-Hagen equation. Measured axial resistance values were approximate to 20 times those calculated using the Poiseuille-Hagen equation. It required as long as 34 d for the water potential inside the psychrometer chamber to equilibrate with that of the root xylem. Drying the root substantially increased the radial resistance and thereby increased the time required for equilibration. Modifications to the described experimental apparatus and procedure will be required. C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. NAGOYA UNIV,SCH AGR,CHIKUSA KU,NAGOYA,AICHI 464,JAPAN. TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT AGRON HORT & ENTOMOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 87 IS 3 BP 439 EP 445 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RJ962 UT WOS:A1995RJ96200009 ER PT J AU GRANT, RF KIMBALL, BA PINTER, PJ WALL, GW GARCIA, RL LAMORTE, RL HUNSAKER, DJ AF GRANT, RF KIMBALL, BA PINTER, PJ WALL, GW GARCIA, RL LAMORTE, RL HUNSAKER, DJ TI CARBON-DIOXIDE EFFECTS ON CROP ENERGY-BALANCE - TESTING ECOSYS WITH A FREE-AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT (FACE) EXPERIMENT SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; SIMULATION-MODEL; EXPERIMENTAL-VERIFICATION; CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; BIOCHEMICAL-MODEL; SOIL COMPACTION; PLANT-GROWTH; ROOT-GROWTH AB Elevated CO2 concentrations (C-e) have been observed to decrease short-term plant water use under controlled conditions by increasing stomatal resistance. The extent to which this decrease occurs over a growing season in the held is uncertain, however, because stomatal resistance is only one of many mechanisms that control water use. In this study, we tested the ecosystem simulation model ecosys, which reproduces an hourly energy balance through soil-vegetation systems under defined atmospheric boundary renditions, using energy exchange data measured as part of the Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment at C-e = 550 vs. 370 mu mol mol(-1). The model reproduced reductions in measured upward latent heat fluxes that varied from -10 to +40 W m(-2), depending on atmospheric conditions. In the model, the primary effect of elevated C-e on latent heat fluxes was through canopy stomatal conductance. This effect was largely offset by secondary effects through canopy temperature that enabled the model to reproduce measured changes in sensible heat fluxes. The total effect simulated by ecosys of C-e = 550 vs. 370 mu mol mol(-1) on evapotranspiration during the entire PACE experiment was a reduction of 7%. This reduction compares with one of 11% estimated from accumulated daily measurements of latent heat flux. In the model, the different effects of C-e on plant water use depend on atmosphere and soil boundary conditions, and are highly dynamic. Consequently the simulated C-e-water use relationship is likely to be site-specific. The use of models such as ecosys allows site-specific boundary conditions to be considered in the study of C-e effects on plant growth and water use. C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP GRANT, RF (reprint author), UNIV ALBERTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,EDMONTON,AB T6G 2E3,CANADA. OI Grant, Robert/0000-0002-8890-6231 NR 51 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 87 IS 3 BP 446 EP 457 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RJ962 UT WOS:A1995RJ96200010 ER PT J AU TOLK, JA HOWELL, TA STEINER, JL KRIEG, DR AF TOLK, JA HOWELL, TA STEINER, JL KRIEG, DR TI AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CORN AS DETERMINED BY ENERGY-BALANCE TECHNIQUES SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DISPLACEMENT HEIGHT; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; WIND-PROFILE; HEAT-FLUX; EVAPORATION; TRANSPIRATION; ROUGHNESS; WHEAT; CROPS AB Aerodynamic resistance to heat transfer (r(ah)) needed to calculate sensible heat flux (H) used in energy balance modeling can be estimated from momentum aerodynamic resistance with corrections for atmospheric stability. This study compared r(ah) and H modeled by four commonly used resistance methods with r(ah) and H measured indirectly through energy balance techniques. Three momentum aerodynamic parameters were calculated: roughness length, Z(om); zero plane displacement, d; and friction velocity, U*. Corn (Zen mays L.) was grown on east-west rows (0.75m wide) in 1989 and 1990 at Bushland, TX, in two contiguous 5-ha fields where two weighing lysimeters were located and micrometeorological measurements were made. Sensible heat flux was indirectly measured as a residual of the energy balance and then used to calulate aerodynamic resistance. Momentum aerodynamic parameters were calculated from near-neutral condition wind-speed profiles using a least squares procedure. The momentum parameter relationships to crop height (CH) were d = 0.73 x CH(r(2) = 0.59) and Z(om) = 0.12 x CH (r(2) = 0.96). While no r(ah) model performed well, the best linear fit (r(2) = 0.75, y = 1.O8x + 4.2) between measured (x) and modeled (y) r(ah) occurred under stable atmospheric conditions; for measured and modeled H, the best linear fit (r(2) = 0.84, y = 0.93x + 62.1) occurred under all atmospheric conditions. Measured r(ah) in neutral and unstable conditions was not closely associated with wind speed. Performance of a model with a limited stability factor nas improved by increasing the magnitude of the factor, These results suggest that r(ah) models may be sensitive to atmospheric stability and local conditions such as fetch and leaf area. C1 USDA ARS,WATKINSVILLE,GA. TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,LUBBOCK,TX. RP TOLK, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 87 IS 3 BP 464 EP 473 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RJ962 UT WOS:A1995RJ96200012 ER PT J AU WILLERS, JL WAGNER, TL SEQUEIRA, RA THESEIRA, GW BOYKIN, DL AF WILLERS, JL WAGNER, TL SEQUEIRA, RA THESEIRA, GW BOYKIN, DL TI ANALYSIS OF DETERMINISTIC SIMULATION-MODELS USING METHODS APPLICABLE TO 2-WAY TREATMENT STRUCTURES WITHOUT REPLICATION SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLICATIVE INTERACTION-MODEL; YIELD; VALIDATION; PREDICTION; HYPOTHESIS; MANAGEMENT; MATRICES; BIPLOT AB Separate executions of deterministic simulation models are not independent replications in the strictest sense and, therefore, it is difficult to statistically analyze model output, since estimates of the error variance for the model are difficult to obtain. However an analysis of simulation output is desirable. Presented here is a method that permits the statistical analysis of deterministic simulation output or its comparison to other output or experimental data. These analyses are possible when conditions imposed on the computer-generated experiment conform to a two-way treatment structure. The response data can be comprised of (i) model output, (ii) differences between experimental means and the model, or (iii) differences between individual output across treatment levels. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model for unreplicated data supplies several statistical tests. Foremost, the characteristic root test indicates if interaction exists between the two treatments. If interaction exists, the AMMI model can be used to determine which treatment combinations are involved. Once sources of interaction have been identified, it is then possible to obtain a good estimate of the error variance, even though these data are unreplicated. Using this estimate of the error variance, it is possible to test hypotheses of interest on model performance. An AMMI analysis comparing the output of a deterministic soil hydrology model to (replicated) experimental data is presented. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA, NAT RESOURCES RES INST, DULUTH, MN 55811 USA. USDA ARS, JAMIE WHITTEN DELTA STATES RES CTR, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. RP WILLERS, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, CROP SIMULAT RES UNIT, MISSISSIPPI STATE, MS 39762 USA. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 87 IS 3 BP 478 EP 492 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RJ962 UT WOS:A1995RJ96200014 ER PT J AU BUHLER, DD DOLL, JD PROOST, RT VISOCKY, MR AF BUHLER, DD DOLL, JD PROOST, RT VISOCKY, MR TI INTEGRATING MECHANICAL WEEDING WITH REDUCED HERBICIDE USE IN CONSERVATION TILLAGE CORN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS AB Integrated weed management for conservation tillage systems is needed so producers can minimize the environmental impacts of crop production while maintaining effective weed control and profitability, Reduced levels of herbicides and rotary hoeing were evaluated in combination with interrow cultivation for weed control in corn (Zea mays L.) planted into chisel-plowed or untilled seedbeds, Atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] at 1.1 kg a,i. ha(-1) or cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile) at 1.7 kg a.i. ha(-1) applied within 2 d after corn planting greatly reduced weed growth compared with no herbicide use. These reduced herbicide treatments often controlled weeds as well as a standard full-rate treatment (atrazine at 1.6 kg ha(-1) plus 2.0 kg a.i, ha(-1) metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide]) prior to cultivation in both tillage systems. In the chisel-plow experiment, rotary hoeing was not as effective as atrazine or cyanazine in reducing early-season weed growth, In most cases, one or two interrow cultivations following atrazine or cyanazine increased weed control and corn grain yield to levels similar to the full-rate treatment in both the chisel-plow and no-tillage systems, Integrating interrow cultivation with reduced levels of herbicide maintained weed control and corn yield compared with the full-rate treatment and is an effective weed management option for corn planted in conservation tillage systems. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. RP BUHLER, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 18 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 87 IS 3 BP 507 EP 512 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RJ962 UT WOS:A1995RJ96200018 ER PT J AU MUELLERWARRANT, GW YOUNG, WC MELLBYE, ME AF MUELLERWARRANT, GW YOUNG, WC MELLBYE, ME TI RESIDUE REMOVAL METHOD AND HERBICIDES FOR TALL FESCUE SEED PRODUCTION .1. WEED-CONTROL SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Pacific Northwest grass seed production is in transition from reliance on open-field burning to new systems integrating chemical weed control with mechanical removal of crop residues. Field tests were initiated in 1989 to ascertain if these systems can meet seed trade expectations for genetic purity while maintaining normal seed yields. Fourteen herbicide treatment sequences plus an untreated check were evaluated under five residue removal methods at two sites during two consecutive growing seasons. Residue removal included two methods of burning and three nonburn systems varying in thoroughness of removal. Acceptable control (>90% reduction in ground cover) of volunteer seedling tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), the most abundant weed in all tests, was achieved by nearly all herbicide treatments at one site. At the other site, however, thorough residue removal or aggressive herbicide treatments were required to achieve this same degree of control. Over sites and pars, acceptable control without use of herbicides was achieved in one case out of four for the most thorough mechanical residue removal system (vacuum-sweep, VS) and twice by open-field burning (FB). Preemergence (PRE) application of pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] provided acceptable control following VS, FB, and propane flaming (PP). Oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene applied postemergence (POST) at 0.28 kg a.i. ha(-1) plus diuron [N'- (3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea] at 2.7 kg a.i. ha(-1) controlled weeds in all residue removal methods at one site, and for VS, FB, and PP at the other site. Applied in sequence after each of four PRE herbicides, POST application of 0.14 kg ha(-1) oxyfluorfen plus 1.8 kg ha(-1) diuron controlled volunteer seedling tall fescue better than POST application of 2.7 kg ha(-1) diuron without oxyfluorfen. With properly chosen herbicide treatments, seed trade standards for tall fescue can be met without field burning. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. LINN CTY EXT OFF,ALBANY,OR 97321. RP MUELLERWARRANT, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 87 IS 3 BP 551 EP 558 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RJ962 UT WOS:A1995RJ96200026 ER PT J AU MUELLERWARRANT, GW YOUNG, WC MELLBYE, ME AF MUELLERWARRANT, GW YOUNG, WC MELLBYE, ME TI RESIDUE REMOVAL METHOD AND HERBICIDES FOR TALL FESCUE SEED PRODUCTION .2. CROP TOLERANCE SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS AB Increased reliance on herbicides for controlling weeds is a significant component of the ongoing transition from open-field burning (FB) to nonburn systems for grass seed production in the Pacific Northwest. Volunteer crop seedlings are the most abundant weeds present in many certified grass seed fields, but herbicide treatments to control them also have the potential to injure the established crop Fourteen herbicide treatment sequences plus an untreated check were examined in five residue removal systems at two held sites during two consecutive growing seasons to determine their effect on tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) seed yield and harvest index. Herbicide treatments were applied preemergence (PRE) to seedling grasses in mid-October, postemergence (POST) in early December, or at both times. Tall fescue seed yield was not affected over a two-year period by competition from volunteer seedlings. Seed yield was reduced by herbicide injury, particularly in the second year. PRE applications of oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene reduced seed yield by 87 and 151 kg ha(-1) in 1990 and 1991, respectively, compared with the average for three other PRE herbicides, pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4- dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine],metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide], and trifluralin [2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamaine]. The untreated check yielded 122 kg ha(-1) more seed than the average of all 14 herbicide treatments in 1991. The least injurious herbicide treatment was PRE pendimethalin applied without subsequent POST herbicide, When applied following PRE herbicides, POST applications of 2.7 kg a.i. ha(-1) diuron [N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea] or 0.14 kg a.i. ha(-1) oxyfluorfen plus 1.8 kg ha(-1) diuron did not differ in yield or harvest index. An aggressive system for mechanical removal of straw, seed, and postharvest regrowth, vacuum sweeping CVS), reduced tal fescue seed yield and harvest index in 1991 compared with other, less aggressive, mechanical methods, and compared with two methods of burning. Some herbicide treatments applied to control volunteer crop seedlings had a greater effect on tall fescue seed yield than the adoption of nonburn methods of residue removal. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. LINN CTY EXT OFF,ALBANY,OR 97321. RP MUELLERWARRANT, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 87 IS 3 BP 558 EP 562 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RJ962 UT WOS:A1995RJ96200027 ER PT J AU CLARK, AJ DECKER, AM MEISINGER, JJ MULFORD, FR MCINTOSH, MS AF CLARK, AJ DECKER, AM MEISINGER, JJ MULFORD, FR MCINTOSH, MS TI HAIRY VETCH KILL DATE EFFECTS ON SOIL-WATER AND CORN PRODUCTION SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE CORN; COVER CROP MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN-FERTILIZER REQUIREMENTS; CRIMSON CLOVER; GRAIN-SORGHUM; LEGUME; CONSERVATION; YIELD; RECOVERY; RELEASE AB Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) can fix N-2 for subsequent release to a corn (Zea mays L.) crop, but kill date effects on vetch N accumulation, soil water, and subsequent corn production have not been studied. A hairy vetch cover crop can deplete soil water through transpiration, but cover crop mulches can conserve soil water for no-till corn. In order to determine optimum spring kill date and corn fertilizer N (FN) rates, hairy vetch was killed early April, late April, or mid-May, followed by three corn planting dates and four FN rates (0, 45, 135, and 202 kg N ha(-1)). From early April to mid-May, hairy vetch aerial phytomass and N content increased significantly, from 2800 to 4630 and 96 to 149 kg ha(-1), respectively. Corn grain yields ranged from 5.2 to 10.1 Mg ha(-1) and were significantly greater following mid or late kill, compared with early kill of vetch, regardless of corn planting date or FN rate. Gravimetric soil water under mid- or late-kill vetch was often significantly greater than after early-kill vetch. We conclude that soil water conservation by late-killed vetch mulches had a greater influence on corn production than vetch spring water use. Optimum N production and water conservation occurred when vetch was killed the last week of April. Early-kill vetch sacrificed N production and minimized soil water conservation, resulting in reduced corn grain yield. Late kill did not add significant N benefits, but could deplete soil water or interfere with timely corn planting. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,LOWER EASTERN SHORE RES & EDUC CTR,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP CLARK, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BLDG 007,RM 211,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI McIntosh, Marla/A-3441-2011 OI McIntosh, Marla/0000-0002-4169-8615 NR 34 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 87 IS 3 BP 579 EP 585 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RJ962 UT WOS:A1995RJ96200031 ER PT J AU MASTERS, RA AF MASTERS, RA TI ESTABLISHMENT OF BIG BLUESTEM AND SAND BLUESTEM CULTIVARS WITH METOLACHLOR AND ATRAZINE SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Weeds interfere with big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman var. gerardii Vitman) and sand bluestem [Andropogon gerardii var. paucipilus (Nash) Fern.] establishment on rangeland and cropland in the central Great Plains of North America. A study was conducted to determine if metolachlor [2-chloro-N-2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] and atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] applied preemergence could improve establishment of big bluestem and sand bluestem cultivars. Bonilla; 'Pawnee', Kaw', and 'Rountree' big bluestem and 'Goldstrike' sand bluestem were planted in late May to early June 1989 and 1990 near Clay Center [Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll)] and Mead [Hastings silt loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Udic Arginstoll)] in Nebraska. Metolachlor at 2.2 or 3.3 kg a.i. ha(-1) and atrazine at 2 kg a.i. ha(-1) were applied alone or in combination before weeds or seeded grass cultivars emerged. Stand frequency (the number of times the planted grasses occurred within sampling grids and expressed as a percentage of the total number of grids evaluated) and yield of the grass cultivars were measured the year after planting to determine establishment success. Grass stand frequencies were usually >50%, with or without herbicide treatment. Yield of big bluestem and sand bluestem cultivars was increased by at least 30% when herbicides were applied preemergence the year of planting compared with yield without herbicide. For each cultivar, yield and stand frequency were similar when metolachlor or atrazine at 2.2 kg a.i. ha(-1) were applied. Therefore, metolachlor is a suitable replacement for atrazine to improve establishment of big bluestem and sand bluestem cultivars. However, yield and stand frequency of most grass cultivars were maximized when metolachlor and atrazine were applied in combination. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP MASTERS, RA (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 87 IS 3 BP 592 EP 596 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RJ962 UT WOS:A1995RJ96200033 ER PT J AU RADKE, JK AF RADKE, JK TI A MOBILE, SELF-CONTAINED, SIMULATED RAINFALL INFILTROMETER SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Note ID INFILTRATION AB Water infiltration rates into soils can provide important insights into the physical properties of the soil and its potential for crop production. Rainfall infiltrometers can make measurements under conditions closer to natural rainfall than ponded or tension infiltrometers. In the past, field measurements of infiltration with rainfall simulators have required the transport and assembly of bulky equipment. A self-contained rainfall infiltrometer was designed and constructed on a high-clearance tricycle tractor that can be easily transported over roads on a trailer and then driven in cropped or uncropped field plots. Performance of the unit is the same as the trailer-based infiltrometer that it replaced. RP RADKE, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 87 IS 3 BP 601 EP 604 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RJ962 UT WOS:A1995RJ96200035 ER PT J AU PEDERSEN, JF MOORE, KJ AF PEDERSEN, JF MOORE, KJ TI AN AUTOMATED PLOT HARVEST SYSTEM FOR USE WITH A COMMERCIAL FORAGE HARVESTER SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB This automated harvest system is based on minimal modification of currently available commercial forage harvesters. Using 6.8 m plots separated by 0.75 m alleys, a single operator can harvest, finely chop, and collect wet plot weights of forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] or pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] in <1 min per plot. Harvested material is deposited in a pile in the center of each plot, Subsamples for moisture and quality analysis can easily and safely be obtained from the pile. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. RP PEDERSEN, JF (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 87 IS 3 BP 605 EP 607 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RJ962 UT WOS:A1995RJ96200036 ER PT J AU FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG AF FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG TI ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE-MECHANISMS IN THE FEMALE RAT - INTERACTIONS WITH ALCOHOL, COPPER, AND TYPE OF DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE SO ALCOHOL LA English DT Article DE ANTIOXIDANTS; DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE; COPPER DEFICIENCY ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; DEFICIENCY; FRUCTOSE; ETHANOL; GENDER; MICE; MANGANESE; RADICALS AB The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ethanol, type of dietary carbohydrate (fructose vs. starch), and levels of dietary copper (deficient vs. adequate) on antioxidant defense mechanism in the female rat. The consumption of 20% ethanol in the drinking water depressed growth rate due to a reduction of feed efficiency. Ethanol also lowered hepatic copper concentration, but had no effect on hepatic iron. Among the three antioxidant enzymes studied [i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase], only catalase activity was increased by ethanol. This effect was independent of copper or the type of dietary carbohydrate. As expected, copper deficiency dramatically reduced SOD. Copper deficiency also reduced GSH-Px activity; however, the combination of fructose feeding with copper deficiency caused a further reduction in GSH-Px. The data show that copper deficiency, per se, and the combination of copper deficiency with fructose feeding lower the antioxidant defense system in female rats. RP FIELDS, M (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BLDG 307,RM 330,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0741-8329 J9 ALCOHOL JI Alcohol PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 12 IS 3 BP 227 EP 231 DI 10.1016/0741-8329(94)00099-Y PG 5 WC Substance Abuse; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Substance Abuse; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA QZ755 UT WOS:A1995QZ75500010 PM 7639956 ER PT J AU BRUCE, WA ANDERSON, DL CALDERONE, NW SHIMANUKI, H AF BRUCE, WA ANDERSON, DL CALDERONE, NW SHIMANUKI, H TI A SURVEY FOR KASHMIR BEE VIRUS IN HONEY-BEE COLONIES IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE VIRUSES; HONEY BEE; APIS MELLIFERA; PATHOGEN; SURVEY; MITE; ACARI; DISEASE; USA, KASHMIR AB In a survey for Kashmir Bee Virus (KBV) in honey bee (Apis mel lifera L) colonies in the United States, samples of 300 worker bees were collected from one colony in each of 10 different apiaries in each of the states of California, Florida, Maine, Minnesota, New York, Texas, and Washington. Extracts from each sample were injected into a group of seemingly healthy white-eyed honey bee pupae to increase, to detectable concentrations, any viruses that may have been present in the extracts in small concentrations. Extracts were subsequently obtained from each injected pupa and tested for the presence of KBV and other virus particles in serological tests. Viruses serologically related to but distinguishable from Australian strains of KBV were found to be present in each of the seven states sampled. RP BRUCE, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BEE RES LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE BLDG 476,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Anderson, Denis/C-3203-2009 NR 0 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 135 IS 5 BP 352 EP 355 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QW577 UT WOS:A1995QW57700031 ER PT J AU KIM, YI CHRISTMAN, JK FLEET, JC CRAVO, ML SALOMON, RN SMITH, D ORDOVAS, J SELHUB, J MASON, JB AF KIM, YI CHRISTMAN, JK FLEET, JC CRAVO, ML SALOMON, RN SMITH, D ORDOVAS, J SELHUB, J MASON, JB TI MODERATE FOLATE-DEFICIENCY DOES NOT CAUSE GLOBAL HYPOMETHYLATION OF HEPATIC AND COLONIC DNA OR C-MYC-SPECIFIC HYPOMETHYLATION OF COLONIC DNA IN RATS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE DNA HYPOMETHYLATION; FOLATE DEFICIENCY; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; C-MYC PROTOONCOGENE; COLORECTAL CANCER ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; METHYL-GROUP METABOLISM; FOLIC-ACID DEFICIENCY; ONE-CARBON METABOLISM; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; 5-METHYLCYTOSINE CONTENT; METHIONINE METABOLISM; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; HUMAN CANCERS; TREATED RATS AB Global and gene-specific DNA hypomethylation is considered to be an important early epigenetic event in several human neoplasms. A growing body of evidence has suggested that DNA methylation can be altered by dietary manipulation of methyl group donors. This study investigated whether moderate depletion of folate, a dietary component needed for the synthesis of methyl groups, would cause decreased hepatic and colonic S-adenosylmethionine concentrations, and thereby lead to global and/or protooncogene-specific DNA hypomethylation, Weanling rats were fed an amino acid-defined diet containing either 0 or 8 mg folate/kg diet for 15 or 24 wk. Significantly lower systemic, hepatic and colonic folate concentrations were observed in the moderately folate-depleted rats than in controls at both 15 and 24 wk (P < 0.005). Although hepatic S-adenosylmethionine was significantly lower in the moderately folate-depleted rats than in controls at the two time points (P < 0.03), colonic S-adenosylmethionine concentrations were not significantly different between the two groups at either time point. No significant differences between the folate-depleted and control animals could be detected with regard to global DNA methylation in the liver or colonic mucosa. Furthermore, c-myc protooncogene-specific DNA methylation in the colonic mucosa was not significantly different between these two groups of animals. These results indicate that moderate folate depletion does not cause a significant reduction in global DNA methylation in liver or colonic mucosa or in c-myc-specific colonic mucosal DNA methylation in this rat model. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LABS,BOSTON,MA 02111. MICHIGAN CANC FDN,DEPT BIOL MOLEC,DETROIT,MI. RP KIM, YI (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,VITAMIN BIOAVAILABIL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI Cravo, Marilia/0000-0001-8309-4599; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NCI NIH HHS [1U01 CA63812-01, CA22453] NR 63 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 61 IS 5 BP 1083 EP 1090 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QV695 UT WOS:A1995QV69500013 PM 7733033 ER PT J AU KRETSCH, MJ SAUBERLICH, HE SKALA, JH JOHNSON, HL AF KRETSCH, MJ SAUBERLICH, HE SKALA, JH JOHNSON, HL TI VITAMIN-B6 REQUIREMENT AND STATUS ASSESSMENT - YOUNG-WOMEN FED A DEPLETION DIET FOLLOWED BY A PLANT-PROTEIN OR ANIMAL-PROTEIN DIET WITH GRADED AMOUNTS OF VITAMIN-B6 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-B6; REQUIREMENT ASSESSMENT; WOMEN; PROTEIN QUALITY; PLANT PROTEIN; XANTHURENIC ACID; 4-PYRIDOXIC ACID; PYRIDOXAL 5'-PHOSPHATE; TRANSAMINASE ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; URINARY 4-PYRIDOXIC ACID; PYRIDOXAL 5'-PHOSPHATE; BIOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; LACTATING RATS; METABOLISM; PLASMA; TRYPTOPHAN AB The vitamin B-6 requirement of young women consuming a high-protein diet (1.55 g/kg body wt) and the effect of protein quality on this requirement was studied. In addition, the response of clinical, functional, and biochemical measures of vitamin B-6 nutriture to short-term depletion and step-wise repletion of vitamin B-6 were evaluated. Eight healthy young women resided in a metabolic unit and were fed a formula depletion diet (< 0.05 mg vitamin B-6/d) for 11-28 d followed by either an animal-protein (AP) or plant-protein (PP) diet with successively increasing vitamin B-6 intakes (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/d) for periods of 14-21 d. Animal proteins were primarily from dairy and poultry sources and plant proteins were primarily from legumes. Vitamin B-6 status measures were assessed at weekly intervals. Results showed that a PP diet does not elevate the vitamin B-6 requirement over that required for an AP diet given the high amount of dietary protein used in this study. It was also found that 0.015 mg vitamin B-6/g protein intake normalized most biochemical indexes of vitamin B-6 status (including those indicative of functional status), and that 0.020 mg/g protein normalized all biochemical measures except total urinary vitamin B-6. Adding a margin of safety to either the 0.015 or 0.020 mg/g protein intake would raise the vitamin B-6 requirement for young women above the currently recommended dietary allowance of 0.016 mg/g protein. RP KRETSCH, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 67 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 61 IS 5 BP 1091 EP 1101 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QV695 UT WOS:A1995QV69500014 PM 7733034 ER PT J AU TURNLUND, JR KEYES, WR PEIFFER, GL CHIANG, G AF TURNLUND, JR KEYES, WR PEIFFER, GL CHIANG, G TI MOLYBDENUM ABSORPTION, EXCRETION, AND RETENTION STUDIED WITH STABLE ISOTOPES IN YOUNG MEN DURING DEPLETION AND REPLETION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE MOLYBDENUM; MO; ABSORPTION; DIETARY REQUIREMENT; DEPLETION; STABLE ISOTOPES ID TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; SULFITE OXIDASE; DIETARY COPPER; TRACE-ELEMENT; METABOLISM; COFACTOR; BALANCE AB A study of molybdenum absorption, excretion, and balance was conducted in four young men fed a low-molybdenum diet (22 mu g/d) for 102 d followed by 18 d of the same diet supplemented to contain 467 mu g/d. The study was conducted to determine the minimum dietary molybdenum requirement of healthy young men. Stable isotopes of molybdenum were used as tracers. Mo-100 was fed four times during the study, Mo-97 as infused twice, and Mo-94 was used as an isotopic diluent to quantify the molybdenum isotopes and total molybdenum in complete urine and fecal collections and in the diets. The study demonstrated that subjects could not consistently attain balance with the low-molybdenum diet, but balance improved with time, and no signs of molybdenum deficiency were observed. Molybdenum was very efficiently absorbed at both intakes of dietary molybdenum and urinary excretion increased as dietary molybdenum increased. Molybdenum turnover was significantly slower when dietary molybdenum was low. We estimate from these results that the minimum dietary molybdenum requirement is approximate to 25 mu g/d or possibly less. This suggests that the lower end of the recommended range could be less than the current recommended amount of 75 mu g/d. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH PUBL HLTH,LOS ANGELES,CA. NR 31 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 61 IS 5 BP 1102 EP 1109 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QV695 UT WOS:A1995QV69500015 PM 7733035 ER PT J AU DOUGHERTY, RM ALLMAN, MA IACONO, JM AF DOUGHERTY, RM ALLMAN, MA IACONO, JM TI EFFECTS OF DIETS CONTAINING HIGH OR LOW AMOUNTS OF STEARIC-ACID ON PLASMA-LIPOPROTEIN FRACTIONS AND FECAL FATTY-ACID EXCRETION OF MEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE DIET; SATURATED FATTY ACIDS; STEARIC ACID; PALMITIC ACID; SHEANUT; FAT ABSORPTION; BLOOD LIPIDS; FECES; METABOLIC UNIT ID LINOLEIC-ACID; SERUM-LIPIDS; COCOA BUTTER; HIGH-DENSITY; CORN-OIL; CHOLESTEROL; DIGESTIBILITY; HUMANS AB Ten middle-aged males participated in a crossover study to determine the cholesterolemic effect of high amounts of stearic acid in a natural diet. They consumed a 20-d stabilization diet followed by two 40-d intervention diets containing either 1.5% of energy as stearic (18:0) acid and 7.3% of energy as palmitic (16:0) acid (low stearate: LS) or 2.4% of energy as 16:0 and 7.3% of energy as 18:0 (high stearate: HS). The experimental diets also contained approximate to 10% of energy each as saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and 7.2-8% of energy as polyunsaturated fatty acids. The primary source of 18:0 in the HS diet was sheanut oil (commercially referred to as shea butter) and palm oil and butter in the LS diet. Plasma total, low-density-lipoprotein, and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower with the HS than with the LS diet. Total fecal fatty acid excretion was higher throughout the HS period. Apparent digestibility of the major dietary fatty acids showed that all of the selected fatty acids, except 18:0, were greater than or equal to 95% absorbed. These data demonstrate that feeding diets containing about two times the usual amount of stearic acid consumed in the United States, contributed to an increase in plasma lipoprotein concentrations at 40 d from an earlier decrease at 20 d. The time required to achieve stable cholesterol concentrations appears to vary depending on the kind of saturated fatty acids present in the diet. RP DOUGHERTY, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 27 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 61 IS 5 BP 1120 EP 1128 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QV695 UT WOS:A1995QV69500018 PM 7733038 ER PT J AU DAWSONHUGHES, B HARRIS, SS KRALL, EA DALLAL, GE FALCONER, G GREEN, CL AF DAWSONHUGHES, B HARRIS, SS KRALL, EA DALLAL, GE FALCONER, G GREEN, CL TI RATES OF BONE LOSS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN RANDOMLY ASSIGNED TO ONE OF 2 DOSAGES OF VITAMIN-D SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM; VITAMIN-D; BONE LOSS; RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE ID SEASONAL-VARIATION; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; PERIMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; ELDERLY POPULATION; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CONTROLLED TRIAL; MINERAL DENSITY; SERUM AB We conducted a study to determine whether increasing vitamin D intake above the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of 5.0 mu g (200 IU)/d reduces bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women residing at latitude 42 degrees N. In this double-blind, randomized 2-y trial, we enrolled 247 healthy ambulatory postmenopausal women who consumed an average of 2.5 mu g (100 IU) vitamin D/d in their usual diets. The women were given either 2.5 mu g (100 IU) or 17.5 mu g (700 IU) vitamin D/d. Ah women received 500 mg supplemental calcium per day as citrate malate. Duplicate hip and spine and single whole-body scans were performed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at 6-mo intervals selected to flank the periods when 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (calcidiol) concentrations are highest (summer/fall) and lowest (winter/spring). Plasma calcidiol and serum osteocalcin were measured in these seasons in year 1. Both treatment groups lost bone mineral density from the femoral neck, but the 17.5-mu g group lost less than (-1.06 +/- 0.34%; ($) over bar x +/- SE) the 2.5-mu g group (-2.54 +/- 0.37%, P = 0.003). Seventy percent of the benefit each year occurred in winter/spring and 30% in summer/fall. Changes in spinal and whole-body bone densities did not differ by treatment group and were minimal after 2 y. Serum osteocalcin and plasma calcidiol (2.5-mu g group only) fluctuated with season. In conclusion, in healthy, calcium-supplemented, postmenopausal women residing at latitude 42 degrees N, an intake of 5.0 mu g (200 IU) vitamin D/d is sufficient to limit bone loss from the spine and whole body but it is not adequate to minimize bone loss from the femoral neck. We recommend that postmenopausal women at this latitude increase their vitamin D intake above the current RDA of 5.0 mu g/d to reduce bone loss from the hip. Although an intake as high as 20 mu g (800 IU)/d may not be needed, this amount is safe and effective. RP DAWSONHUGHES, B (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 37 TC 176 Z9 180 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 61 IS 5 BP 1140 EP 1145 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QV695 UT WOS:A1995QV69500020 PM 7733040 ER PT J AU ELLIS, KJ AF ELLIS, KJ TI ACCURACY OF DXA FOR BODY-COMPOSITION MEASUREMENTS - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter RP ELLIS, KJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,BODY COMPOSIT LAB,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 61 IS 5 BP 1171 EP 1172 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QV695 UT WOS:A1995QV69500031 ER PT J AU MICHAELIS, OE VELASQUEZ, MT ABRAHAM, AA SERVETNICK, DA SCHOLFIELD, DJ HANSEN, CT AF MICHAELIS, OE VELASQUEZ, MT ABRAHAM, AA SERVETNICK, DA SCHOLFIELD, DJ HANSEN, CT TI DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF A NEW STRAIN OF OBESE HYPERINSULINEMIC AND HYPERLIPIDEMIC DAHL SALT-SENSITIVE RAT - THE DAHL SALT-SENSITIVE/NIH-CORPULENT RAT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE NIH-CORPULENT RAT; BODY WEIGHT; HYPERTENSION; DIET; INSULIN AB A new congenic rat strain, the Dahl salt-sensitive/NIH-corpulent (DSS/N-cp) rat, has been developed to study the role of obesity and type of dietary carbohydrate in the development of hypertension and its complications. Three groups (n = 6) of young male obese and lean DSS/N-cp rats were fed diets containing either 54% sucrose, 18% sucrose plus 36% starch, or 54% starch, with 0.1% dietary sodium for 12 weeks. Regardless of the diet, obese and lean rats showed mildly elevated systolic blood pressure (SEP), being significantly higher in obese than in lean rats (SEP 156 +/- 5 mm Hg v 141 +/- 3 mm Hg, P < .05). However, SBP was not different between the three diet groups. Levels of serum insulin, triglyceride, and cholesterol as well as urinary protein excretion were significantly higher in obese than in lean rats. Obese rats fed the sucrose diets as compared to the starch diet, had higher serum insulin and lipid levels, but had lower body weights and higher serum creatinine levels. Histopathologic examination of tissues from different organs revealed a vasculopathy seen almost exclusively in obese rats fed the sucrose diets. Vascular lesions were characterized by subintimal fibrin deposition, fibrinoid necrosis, and cell proliferation with ''onion skinning'' in small arteries and arterioles of kidneys, intestine, pancreas, and testes. Vascular changes were similar to those previously reported in Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed a high salt diet. These data demonstrate the presence of mild hypertension with hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia, which are expressed to a greater degree in the obese than in the lean phenotype. The results suggest that genetic factors associated with obesity, hypertension, and dietary sucrose interact in obese DSS/N-cp rats to produce renal and vascular damage, even with low dietary sodium intake. RP MICHAELIS, OE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BLDG 307,ROOM 315,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0895-7061 J9 AM J HYPERTENS JI Am. J. Hypertens. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 8 IS 5 BP 467 EP 473 DI 10.1016/0895-7061(95)00040-V PN 1 PG 7 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA RA612 UT WOS:A1995RA61200005 PM 7662222 ER PT J AU SMITH, SB DAVIS, SK WILSON, JJ STONE, RT WU, FY GARCIA, DK LUNT, DK SCHIAVETTA, AM AF SMITH, SB DAVIS, SK WILSON, JJ STONE, RT WU, FY GARCIA, DK LUNT, DK SCHIAVETTA, AM TI BOVINE FAST-TWITCH MYOSIN LIGHT-CHAIN-1 - CLONING AND MESSENGER-RNA AMOUNT IN MUSCLE OF CATTLE TREATED WITH CLENBUTEROL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE FIBER TYPE; RIBONUCLEIC ACID; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID SEQUENCE; BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONIST ID ACTIN MESSENGER-RNA; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; AGONIST CLENBUTEROL; LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; SATELLITE CELLS; BETA-AGONIST; GROWTH; RACTOPAMINE; STEERS; LAMBS AB The cDNA clone encoding the fast-twitch isoform of myosin light chain 1 (MLC-1(f)) from bovine longissimus dorsi muscle and sequenced in M13 and pUC8. An 0.8-kb subclone, produced by digestion of the cDNA with EcoR I, contained the portion of the molecule common to MLC-1(f) and MLC-3(f). The cDNA in pUC8 contained an additional 81 bp upstream of the EcoR I digestion site, which was unique to MLC-1(f). The cDNA clone was used to measure MLC-1(f) mRNA in longissimus dorsi muscle of cattle chronically administered the beta-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol. Treatment with clenbuterol for 50 days increased succinic dehydrogenase negative (type IIB) and positive (types I and IIA) myofiber cross-sectional areas by 25%. After the 50-day treatment period, the amount of MLC-1(f) mRNA was 90% greater in longissimus dorsi muscle of treated animals than in the initial group. This effect was lost when clenbuterol treatment was withdrawn for a 78-day period, during which time muscle growth in the treated animals stopped completely. We conclude that we have cloned the bovine cDNA for MLC-1(f), which has provided additional evidence that beta-adrenergic agonists increase myofibrillar gene expression. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV, MCGREGOR RES CTR, MCGREGOR, TX 76657 USA. USDA ARS, US MEAT ANIM RES CTR, CLAY CTR, NE 68933 USA. RP SMITH, SB (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV, DEPT ANIM SCI, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. RI Smith, Stephen/H-7046-2014 OI Smith, Stephen/0000-0002-2779-8281 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 268 IS 5 BP E858 EP E865 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA QW584 UT WOS:A1995QW58400009 PM 7762638 ER PT J AU CRANE, NT WILSON, DB COOK, DA LEWIS, CJ YETLEY, EA RADER, JI AF CRANE, NT WILSON, DB COOK, DA LEWIS, CJ YETLEY, EA RADER, JI TI EVALUATING FOOD FORTIFICATION OPTIONS - GENERAL-PRINCIPLES REVISITED WITH FOLIC-ACID SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objectives. This article uses folic acid as an example to illustrate some of the complex issues and general principles that emerge when evaluating fortification of the food supply as one possible means to address a public health recommendation. Methods. Distributions of current daily folate intakes from conventional foods and dietary supplements were estimated. Intakes that might result from fortification of cereal-grain products and ready-to-eat cereals at various levels for eight age-gender groups were also estimated by using the US Department of Agriculture's 1987-1988 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey. Results. The results illustrate that fortification of the US food supply tends to increase folate intakes of consumers at the high end of the intake distribution curves in the general population to a greater extent than it affects consumers at the low end of the intake distribution curves in the target population. Conclusions. The effectiveness of food fortification options for a target population and the safety for the general population impose conflicting challenges that must be considered concurrently when making decisions about fortifying the US food supply. C1 USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP CRANE, NT (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,OFF FOOD LABELING HFS165,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 30 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1995 VL 85 IS 5 BP 660 EP 666 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.5.660 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QW839 UT WOS:A1995QW83900012 PM 7733426 ER PT J AU ROUBENOFF, R DALLAL, GE WILSON, PWF AF ROUBENOFF, R DALLAL, GE WILSON, PWF TI PREDICTING BODY FATNESS - THE BODY-MASS INDEX VS ESTIMATION BY BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID VALIDATION; WEIGHT AB The body mass index (weight in kilograms/height in square meters) is a common surrogate for fatness. With the advent of bioelectrical impedance analysis, more precise measurement of fatness in populations is now possible. We measured height, weight, and percentage that is fat by bioelectrical impedance analysis in 2032 adults, ages 31 to 99, participating in the Framingham studies. Body mass index was a poor predictor of fatness in women (R(2) = 0.55) and men (R(2) = 0.38), and was imprecise (standard error of estimate = 5 percentage points). The relationship between percentage fat and body mass index was quadratic in both sexes, and was altered by age in women (P < .0001) and, to a lesser extent, in men (P < .027). These data suggest that body mass index is an imprecise measurement of fatness compared with bioelectrical impedance. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,DIV BIOSTAT,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP ROUBENOFF, R (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BODY COMPOSIT LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HC38038]; NIA NIH HHS [Y01-AG-2-0195]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK02120] NR 16 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1995 VL 85 IS 5 BP 726 EP 728 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.5.726 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QW839 UT WOS:A1995QW83900025 PM 7733439 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, JB POPKIN, BM TOGNETTI, J ZOHOORI, N AF SCHWARTZ, JB POPKIN, BM TOGNETTI, J ZOHOORI, N TI DOES WIC PARTICIPATION IMPROVE BREAST-FEEDING PRACTICES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; WOMEN AB The effects of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIG) on breast-feeding behavior have been sometimes found inadequate. The determinants of breast-feeding initiation and duration among WIC participants and nonparticipants were modeled by using retrospective cross-sectional data from the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey. This study corrects for self-selection bias as far as the data allow, in addition to controlling for parents' ages,education, race, and family income. Findings suggest that prenatal WIC participation, combined with breast-feeding advice, significantly increases the initiation of breast-feeding but does not affect duration. The exact nature of effective breast-feeding advice given prenatally at WIC clinics is unclear and warrants further research. C1 USDA,FOOD & CONSUMER SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP SCHWARTZ, JB (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,CAROLINA POPULAT CTR,DEPT NUTR,CB 8120 UNIV SQ,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27516, USA. NR 9 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1995 VL 85 IS 5 BP 729 EP 731 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.5.729 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QW839 UT WOS:A1995QW83900026 PM 7733440 ER PT J AU MESZOELY, CAM ERBE, ER WERGIN, WP HOFFMAN, SL AF MESZOELY, CAM ERBE, ER WERGIN, WP HOFFMAN, SL TI PLASMODIUM-VIVAX - FREEZE-FRACTURE STUDIES ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE SPOROZOITES WITHIN THE SALIVARY-GLAND OF THE MOSQUITO ANOPHELES-STEPHENSI SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE PROTEIN-2 AB Freeze-fracturing has been used to study the ultrastructure of the sporozoites of the malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax within the salivary gland of the mosquito Anopheles stephensi. The architecture of the pellicular complex of the salivary gland sporozoites was essentially the same as that reported for the intraoocystic forms, but the outline of cross-fractured P. vivax sporozoites was more flattened and crescent shaped as opposed to the circular outline described for the intraoocystic sporozoites. The salivary gland sporozoites of P. vivax also exhibited apical rosettes and a cytosome connected to a food vacuole, two unique structures not previously reported for malarial sporozoites. C1 USDA,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USN,MED RES INST,MALARIA PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20889. RP MESZOELY, CAM (reprint author), NORTHEASTERN UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR07143] NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 52 IS 5 BP 443 EP 449 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA RB019 UT WOS:A1995RB01900014 PM 7771612 ER PT J AU SUAREZ, DL VANDERMAATEN, MJ WHETSTONE, CA AF SUAREZ, DL VANDERMAATEN, MJ WHETSTONE, CA TI IMPROVED EARLY AND LONG-TERM DETECTION OF BOVINE LENTIVIRUS BY A NESTED POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION TEST IN EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED CALVES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-LIKE VIRUS; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; PROVIRAL DNA; CATTLE; SEQUENCES; SHEEP; PCR AB A nested polymerase chain reaction (pen) test was developed to examine infection with the bovine lentivirus, bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV), in cattle. Primers were designed to amplify 2 separate regions of the pol and env segments of the BIV genome. Two calves were experimentally infected with an isolate derived from the original strain of BIV, R29, or with a recent field isolate, FL491. Serial blood samples were collected and examined by virus isolation, protein immunoblot, and nested PCR. The nested PCR test detected BIV infection by 3 days after inoculation, earlier than the other 2 methods, and continued to identify infected cattle 9 to 15.5 months after inoculation, even when results from virus isolation and serology became negative. Nested PCR also detected multiple-size env products in samples obtained later in the infection from the calf that received FL498, giving evidence that viral quasispecies were selected during in vivo replication of the virus. Results indicated that the nested PCR test is more sensitive than virus isolation or serology for the detection of BIV infection in cattle. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011. RP SUAREZ, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA50159]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI07378] NR 31 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 56 IS 5 BP 579 EP 586 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QW187 UT WOS:A1995QW18700006 PM 7661451 ER PT J AU CLARK, WW HOURRIGAN, JL HADLOW, WJ AF CLARK, WW HOURRIGAN, JL HADLOW, WJ TI ENCEPHALOPATHY IN CATTLE EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH THE SCRAPIE AGENT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; NATURAL SCRAPIE; NEUROPATHOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; GOATS; VIRUS AB Ten 8- to 10-month-old cattle were each inoculated intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intracerebrally, and orally with the scrapie agent to determine whether cattle are susceptible to it. Two inocula, both 10% homogenates of cerebrum, were used. One inoculum was from a sheep used for the second experimental ovine passage of the agent from 4 naturally affected Suffolk sheep. The other inoculum was from a goat used for the first experimental caprine passage of the agent from 2 naturally affected dairy goats living with the Suffolk sheep, the source of their infection. Between 27 and 48 months after inoculation, neurologic disease was observed in 1 of 5 cattle given the sheep brain homogenate and in 2 of 5 given the goat brain homogenate. In all 3 affected cattle, the disease was expressed clinically as increasing difficulty in rising from recumbency, stilted gait of the pelvic limbs, disorientation, and terminal recumbency during a 6- to 10-week course. Neurohistologic changes, though consistent with those of scrapie, were slight and subtle: moderate astrocytosis with sparse rod cells, some neuronal degeneration, a few vacuolated neurons, and scant spongiform change. Clinically and neurohistologically, the experimentally induced disease differed from bovine spongiform encephalopathy. The differences emphasize that such infections in cattle induce diverse responses, presumably depending largely on the strain of the agent. Pathologists should keep this variability in mind when looking for microscopic evidence of a scrapie-like encephalopathy in cattle. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,SCRAPIE FIELD TRIAL,MISSION,TX 78572. NR 29 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 56 IS 5 BP 606 EP 612 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QW187 UT WOS:A1995QW18700010 PM 7661455 ER PT J AU SANFORD, LL DEAHL, KL SINDEN, SL KOBAYASHI, RS AF SANFORD, LL DEAHL, KL SINDEN, SL KOBAYASHI, RS TI GLYCOALKALOID CONTENT IN TUBERS OF HYBRID AND BACKCROSS POPULATIONS FROM A SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM X S-CHACOENSE CROSS SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE POTATO; SOLANINE; CHACONINE; LEAFHOPPER ID POTATO GLYCOALKALOIDS; PERFORMANCE; RESISTANCE AB The glycoalkaloid contents of tubers were measured in hybrid and backcross populations derived from a cross of Solanum chaconseBitter (PI 472810, 2n=2x=24) with Solanum tuberosum L. (2n=4x=48). In tubers sampled from near the median size in each population and parent, the mean total glycoalkaloid (TGA) contents of the S. chacoense and S. tuberosum parent genotypes, and the F-2 and F-4 hybrid genotypes were 245, 4, 39, and 35 mg/100 g fresh weight (fw), respectively. Backcrossing the F-2 genotypes to S. tuberosum reduced the mean TGA content to 15 mg/100 g fw. A second backcross further reduced the content to 9 mg/100 g fw. However, some genotypes in both backcross populations (25% and 10%) had TGA contents above the generally accepted upper limit of 20 mg/100 g fw. Tuber size was significantly smaller in the S. chacoense parent and the hybrid populations compared with the size in the S. tuberosum parent and backcross populations. In a second sampling of tubers from each population, intentionally selected to equalize tuber size among populations, the mean tuber size for populations was reduced by 79%. The mean population TGA content increased by 44%. However, the differences and rankings among parent, hybrid, and backcross populations were the same for both tuber samplings. RP SANFORD, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 72 IS 5 BP 261 EP 271 DI 10.1007/BF02849280 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RA311 UT WOS:A1995RA31100001 ER PT J AU AKIN, DE KIMBALL, BA WINDHAM, WR PINTER, PJ WALL, GW GARCIA, RL LAMORTE, RL MORRISON, WH AF AKIN, DE KIMBALL, BA WINDHAM, WR PINTER, PJ WALL, GW GARCIA, RL LAMORTE, RL MORRISON, WH TI EFFECT OF FREE-AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT (FACE) ON FORAGE QUALITY OF WHEAT SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE WHEAT; FIBER; LIGNIN; DIGESTIBILITY, WHEAT; CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION ID PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS; CELL-WALLS; MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY; ECOSYSTEMS AB Wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cultivar 'Yecora rojo') was grown in ambient (370 mu mol mol(-1)) or enriched (550 mu mol mol(-1)) concentrations of CO2 in the free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) project, and components were analyzed for in vitro digestibility, fiber constituents, and crude protein. Four replicated plots of each CO2 treatment were split for irrigation: 'wet' regions received 60 cm of water and 'dry' regions received 30 cm of water through underground tubes. Enriched CO2 concentrations had no effect on in vitro digestion of intact sections of young (26-32-day-old plants) leaf blades except at 24-27 h incubation, at which time enriched leaves were lower in digestibility than control ones. Enriched CO2 concentrations increased the content of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and cellulose of young wet leaves, Sections of main shoots at 26 days tended to have increased digestibility with elevated CO2 levels. Enriched CO2 concentrations did not alter the digestibility of flag leaves from 105-day-old plants or of flag leaves, uppermost stems, and sheaths from plants at full grain maturity, Enriched CO2 levels reduced the acid detergent lignin (ADL) and tended to reduce the protein of leaves from 105-day-old plants. For mature leaf blades, neutral detergent fiber, ADF, and cellulose were, or tended to be, higher while protein content tended to be lower in elevated CO2-grown plants; for both CO2 treatments, 'dry' leaves were higher in digestibility and lower in ADL than 'wet' samples. Mature stems plus sheaths had lower protein contents in plants grown in elevated CO2. Results indicated that enriched CO2 concentrations to 550 mu mol mol(-1) did not substantially alter wheat in vitro digestibility, regardless of irrigation treatment. Elevated CO2 altered fiber components and protein, but these were not consistent among parts and harvests. C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP AKIN, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 53 IS 1 BP 29 EP 43 DI 10.1016/0377-8401(94)00736-S PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA QZ548 UT WOS:A1995QZ54800003 ER PT J AU DIETRICH, CH VEGA, FE AF DIETRICH, CH VEGA, FE TI LEAFHOPPERS (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE) FROM DOMINICAN AMBER SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE GREATER ANTILLES; SYSTEMATICS; BIOGEOGRAPHY ID DNA AB Three species of Cicadellidae from Dominican amber-Krisna garciamarquezi, new species (Krisnini), Krocarites reflexa, new genus, new species (Nirvanini), and Jassoqualus hispaniolensis, new species (Nirvanini)-are described and illustrated, and represent the first known fossil representatives of these two tribes. Nirvanini and Krisnini are not known to occur presently on Hispaniola. Descriptive notes are given for fossil species in the subfamilies Agalliinae, Cicadellinae, Typhlocybinae, and Xestocephalinae. Comparison of fossil leafhoppers from the Tertiary period to those known from the Cretaceous suggests that much subfamily-through genus-level diversification occurred between the late Cretaceous and middle Tertiary, and that modern genera existed as early as 55 million years ago. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP DIETRICH, CH (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. RI Dietrich, Christopher/A-9169-2016 OI Dietrich, Christopher/0000-0003-4005-4305 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 88 IS 3 BP 263 EP 270 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QY128 UT WOS:A1995QY12800002 ER PT J AU MCCAULEY, DE SCHIFF, N BREDEN, FJ CHIPPENDALE, GM AF MCCAULEY, DE SCHIFF, N BREDEN, FJ CHIPPENDALE, GM TI GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION ACCOMPANYING RANGE EXPANSION BY THE SOUTHWESTERN CORN-BORER (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE DIATRAEA GRANDIOSELLA; POPULATION GENETICS; RANGE EXPANSION ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; UNITED-STATES; NOCTUIDAE AB Five populations of Diatraea grandiosella Dyar were characterized with regard to allele frequencies at five polymorphic allozyme loci, as well as a restriction fragment length polymorphism located in the mitochondrial genome, to quantify genetic differentiation that accompanied a range expansion. Comparison of three populations from localities in the central United States that have been infested since 1930 revealed relatively small but statistically significant allele frequency differences at three of five allozyme loci. Allele frequencies obtained by pooling individuals from these populations were then compared with those from a southern Arizona location dose to the putative source of the expansion. Statistically significant heterogeneity was found at three of five loci, the magnitude of those differences being someu what greater than those from populations within the central United States. Finally allele frequencies that resulted from pooling individuals from all four U.S. populations were significantly different from those found in a collection from southern Mexico at all five allozyme loci as well as the mitochondrial DNA polymorphism. Clustering of the coancestry coefficients calculated between pairs of populations resulted in a hierarchy of genetic distance consistent with the putative historical geography of the species. The overall among-population component of genetic variation estimated from the allozyme loci, 0.33, was considerably greater than seen previously in studies of other lepidopteran pests. C1 VANDERBILT UNIV, DEPT MOLEC BIOL, NASHVILLE, TN 37235 USA. USDA ARS, BEE RES LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. SIMON FRASER UNIV, DEPT BIOL SCI, BURNABY, BC V5A 1S6, CANADA. UNIV MISSOURI, DEPT ENTOMOL, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. RP MCCAULEY, DE (reprint author), VANDERBILT UNIV, DEPT BIOL, NASHVILLE, TN 37235 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 88 IS 3 BP 357 EP 361 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QY128 UT WOS:A1995QY12800014 ER PT J AU WELLS, JE RUSSELL, JB SHI, Y WEIMER, PJ AF WELLS, JE RUSSELL, JB SHI, Y WEIMER, PJ TI CELLODEXTRIN EFFLUX BY THE CELLULOLYTIC RUMINAL BACTERIUM FIBROBACTER-SUCCINOGENES AND ITS POTENTIAL ROLE IN THE GROWTH OF NONADHERENT BACTERIA SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTEROIDES-SUCCINOGENES; RUMINOCOCCUS-FLAVEFACIENS; CELLOBIOSE PHOSPHORYLASE; TREPONEMA-BRYANTII; CONTINUOUS CULTURE; CELL-WALLS; RUMEN; FERMENTATION AB When glucose or cellobiose was provided as an energy source for Fibrobacter succinogenes, there was a transient accumulation (as much as 0.4 mM hexose equivalent) of cellobiose or cellotriose, respectively, in the growth medium. Nongrowing cell suspensions converted cellobiose to cellotriose and longer-chain cellodextrins, and in this case the total cellodextrin concentration was as much as 20 mM (hexose equivalent). Because cell extracts of glucose- or cellobiose-grown cells cleaved cellobiose and cellotriose by phosphate-dependent reactions and glucose 1-phosphate was an end product, it appeared that cellodextrins were being produced by a reversible phosphorylase reaction. This conclusion was supported by the observation that the ratio of cellodextrins to cellodextrins with one greater hexose [n/(n + 1)] was approximately 4, a value similar to the equilibrium constant (K-eq) of cellobiose phosphorylase (J. K. Alexander, J. Bacteriol, 81:903-910, 1961). When F. succinogenes was grown in a cellobiose-limited chemostat, cellobiose and cellotriose could both be detected, and the ratio of cellotriose to cellobiose was approximately 1 to 4. On the basis of these results, cellodextrin production is an equilibrium (mass action) function and not just an artifact of energy-rich cultural conditions. Cellodextrins could not be detected in low-dilution-rate, cellulose-limited continuous cultures, but these cultures' had a large number of nonadherent cells. Because the nonadherent cells had a large reserve of polysaccharide and were observed at all stages of cell division, it appeared that they were utilizing cellodextrins as an energy source for growth. The noncellulolytic bacterium Streptococcus Bovis persisted in batch culture with F. succinogenes even though cellulose was the only energy source, and the ratio of S. bovis to F. succinogenes was approximately 1 to 4. The carbohydrate metabolism off. succinogenes seems to reflect a compromise between the energetic advantage of a phosphorylase reaction and the potential loss of carbon and energy as extracellular cellodextrins. C1 CORNELL UNIV,MICROBIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 36 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 61 IS 5 BP 1757 EP 1762 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA QW184 UT WOS:A1995QW18400013 PM 7646013 ER PT J AU BUYER, JS AF BUYER, JS TI A SOIL AND RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISM ISOLATION AND ENUMERATION MEDIUM THAT INHIBITS BACILLUS MYCOIDES SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONADS; BACTERIA; GROWTH AB A new solid medium has been developed for the enumeration and isolation of soil and rhizosphere microorganisms. This medium, named rhizosphere isolation medium, contains glucose and 15 of the 20 common amino acids. The absence of five other amino acids, namely, aspartic acid, asparagine, cysteine, proline, and threonine, inhibits the growth of Bacillus mycoides, a commonly encountered bacterium that rapidly spreads on agar media and complicates the isolation and enumeration of other microorganisms. Compared with a similar medium containing Casamino Acids, rhizosphere isolation medium had half as many colonies of B. mycoides, with each colony approximately half the diameter. The two media had similar total numbers of bacterial colonies. Isolates were divided into taxononomic groups, roughly corresponding to species and genus, by fatty acid methyl ester analysis and numerical methods. There were 24 genera and 41 species found in the isolates from rhizosphere isolation medium, while 19 genera and 35 species were found in the isolates from the medium prepared with Casamino Acids. No major group of bacteria was found to occur only on one medium or on the other, indicating that the five missing amino acids had no great effect on organisms other than B. mycoides. This medium may prove useful in soil and rhizosphere studies in which the growth of B. mycoides is undesirable. RP BUYER, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BLDG 318,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 61 IS 5 BP 1839 EP 1842 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA QW184 UT WOS:A1995QW18400027 PM 16535025 ER PT J AU PROCTOR, RH HOHN, TM MCCORMICK, SP DESJARDINS, AE AF PROCTOR, RH HOHN, TM MCCORMICK, SP DESJARDINS, AE TI TRI6 ENCODES AN UNUSUAL ZINC-FINGER PROTEIN INVOLVED IN REGULATION OF TRICHOTHECENE BIOSYNTHESIS IN FUSARIUM SPOROTRICHIOIDES SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; TRICHODIENE SYNTHASE; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TOXIN PRODUCTION; GENE DISRUPTION; DNA-BINDING; SEQUENCE; CLONING AB In fusarium sporotrichioides, several genes required for biosynthesis of the trichothecene mycotoxin T-2 toxin are closely linked. Further characterization of this gene cluster has revealed a gene, Tri6, that specifies a 217-amino-acid protein with regions similar to Cys(2)His(2) zinc finger proteins. Temporal expression of Tri6 is similar to that of trichothecene biosynthetic pathway genes. Analysis of Tri6 transcripts indicated that transcription is initiated in two regions and that within each region there may be at least four initiation sites. Disruption of Tri6 resulted in a mutant that did not produce trichothecenes but that did accumulate low levels of the trichothecene precursor trichodiene. The Tri6 mutant was unable to convert six trichothecene biosynthetic intermediates to T-2 toxin, and transcription of two biosynthetic genes, Tri4 and Tri5, was greatly reduced in the mutant relative to the wild type. In addition, the product of Tri6 functioned as a transcriptional activator in Saccharomyces cerevisiae when fused to the DNA binding region of GAL4. These results indicate that Tri6 encodes a protein involved in the transcriptional regulation of trichothecene biosynthetic genes in F. sporotrichioides. RP PROCTOR, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 52 TC 127 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 61 IS 5 BP 1923 EP 1930 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA QW184 UT WOS:A1995QW18400040 PM 7646028 ER PT J AU GANSKOPP, D AF GANSKOPP, D TI FREE-RANGING ANGORA-GOATS - LEFT-HANDED OR RIGHT-HANDED TENDENCIES WHILE GRAZING SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE LIVESTOCK; HANDEDNESS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; GRAZING BEHAVIOR ID BEHAVIOR; LIVESTOCK; MEMORY; CATTLE AB Knowledge of an animal's tendencies, including their directional biases, can aid in design of handling facilities and enhance our understanding of livestock and livestock:environment interactions. Recent work suggests that goats consistently prefer to turn left in mazes. The objective of this research was to determine if free-ranging angora goats (Capra hircus) exhibit left- or right-hand tendencies when grazing in paddocks supporting randomized arrays of forages. This was accomplished during two 3-day sampling periods by compiling successive feeding station locations of individual goats as they grazed and evaluating frequencies of left, right, forward, and reverse movements. Analyses revealed no significant (P greater than or equal to 0.01) evidence of a left- or right-hand bias by either individuals or the sampled population of goats. Changes in direction, however, were not always independent or random events. In two instances, extended series of left- or right-turns occurred suggesting these data can at times be clustered (P less than or equal to 0.01). Conversely, in four instances, animals systematically (P less than or equal to 0.01) shifted between left- and right-hand turns as they grazed. While the potential for non-random turning behavior suggested that extended observations be used to quantify directional tendencies of free-ranging goats, there were no indications of left- or right-handed inclinations by the animals in unconfined conditions. RP GANSKOPP, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,HC 71451 HWY 205,BURNS,OR 97720, USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 43 IS 2 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1016/0168-1591(95)00558-A PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA RD826 UT WOS:A1995RD82600007 ER PT J AU POCH, MT SOMKUTI, GA AF POCH, MT SOMKUTI, GA TI ISOLATION OF SAGI, A NEW HAEIII ISOSCHIZOMER FROM STREPTOCOCCUS-AGALACTIAE SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE; ENZYMES AB A new HaeIII isoschizomer from Streptococcus agalactiae was isolated by a single-step purification method. The highly active restriction endonuclease, SagI, was free of nonspecific nuclease activity and was suitable for use in molecular biology procedures, The rapid isolation procedure may be applicable for the recovery of other restriction endonucleases from bacteria. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 43 IS 2 BP 282 EP 284 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RC006 UT WOS:A1995RC00600014 PM 7612245 ER EF