FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU SOLAIMAN, DKY SOMKUTI, GA AF SOLAIMAN, DKY SOMKUTI, GA TI EXPRESSION OF CHO AND MELC OPERONS BY A STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS SYNTHETIC PROMOTER IN ESCHERICHIA-COLI SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHOLESTEROL OXIDASE GENE; STREPTOMYCES-ANTIBIOTICUS; TYROSINASE GENE; CLONING; GLAUCESCENS; SEQUENCES; LIVIDANS; PLASMIDS; BACTERIA; PROTEIN AB A 63-base-pair synthetic promoter, sP1, was synthesized on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of a putative Streptococcus thermophilus promoter. When inserted upstream from the Streptomyces cho operon in a recombinant plasmid, pUCO195P-36, sP1 activated the expression of the cho genes in Escherichia coli, as shown by the production of cholesterol oxidase by the transformants. The sP1-driven cholesterol oxidase production in pUCO195P-36-transformed cells was estimated to be 40% of that produced by P-lac-mediated cho expression in a pUCO193-containing host. The recombinant pUCO195P-36 appeared to be segregationally less stable in E. coli DH5 alpha than in HB101. Its nonexpressing counterpart, pUCO195P-1, was stable in both E. coli strains. The activity of sP1 was further demonstrated in E. coli by the expression of a Streptomyces melC operon. When placed upstream from the test operon in the pMCU22aPa construct, sP1 activated the melC expression as shown by the production of tyrosinase - at (3.0+/-0.3) x 10(-3) U/mg and (16.0+/-1.0) x 10(-3) U/mg protein equivalent of cell extract in the absence and presence of isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside, respectively. The presence of a counter-oriented P-lac at the 3' end of the operon in the pMCU22bPa plasmid reduced the sP1-mediated tyrosinase production by about 85%. RP SOLAIMAN, DKY (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 43 IS 2 BP 285 EP 290 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RC006 UT WOS:A1995RC00600015 PM 7612246 ER PT J AU WARD, DJ SOMKUTI, GA AF WARD, DJ SOMKUTI, GA TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A BACTERIOCIN PRODUCED BY STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS ST134 SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; PEDIOCOCCUS-ACIDILACTICI; LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; PLASMID-LINKAGE; STRAIN; PURIFICATION AB A pi-I-dependent adsorption/desorption technique was used to screen Streptococcus thermophilus strains for the production of bacteriocins. Agar-diffusion tests with S. thermophilus strains as targets identified 13 out of 41 strains as producers of antibacterial activity, Thermophilin A, the bacteriocin-like substance present in the culture supernatant of S. thermophilus ST134 was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography, followed by ultrafiltration. Thermophilin A is a relatively heat-stable and apparently glycosylated bacteriocin with a bactericidal mode of action against sensitive cells. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 27 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 43 IS 2 BP 330 EP 335 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RC006 UT WOS:A1995RC00600023 PM 7612252 ER PT J AU STERNER, RT MAULDIN, RE AF STERNER, RT MAULDIN, RE TI REGRESSORS OF WHOLE-CARCASS ZINC PHOSPHIDE/PHOSPHINE RESIDUES IN VOLES - INDIRECT EVIDENCE OF LOW HAZARDS TO PREDATORS/SCAVENGERS SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Whole-carcass residues of the rodenticide zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) and hydrolyzed phosphine (PH3) were determined for voles (Microtus spp.) that died following ingestion of a 2% Zn3P2 steam rolled oat (SRO) greats bait. Procedures involved: a three-day acceptance test to assess vole consumption (n = 27) of control SRO greats and several one-day Zn3P2 - (n = 13) or control-bait (n = 4) tests to characterize onset of pharmacotoxic signs and to obtain fatally-dosed carcasses for residue analyses. Carcasses were stored in liquid nitrogen (LN(2)) to maximize retention of Zn3P2/PH3 residues prior to chemical determinations. Linear regressions were computed between pairs of consumption and residue variables. Main results were the following: (1) mean (+/-SD) consumption of control bait was 2.5 (+/-0.9), 3.0 (+/-0.9), and 2.8 (+/-0.8) g on days 1, 2, and 3, respectively (greater than or equal to 10.6 +/- 4.6% of body weight); (2) all test-bait voles (n = 13) died similar to 4-12 h after bait presentation, with lethargy and respiratory distress key signs of toxicosis; (3) whole-carcass Zn3P2 residues averaged 1.73 mg (min-max: 0.31-4.95), and PH3 residues averaged 10.6 mu g (min-max: 0.5-21.0); and (4) significant linear regressions were found between bait consumption/Zn3P2 intake and body weight (r(2) = 0.64, p less than or equal to 0.001), carcass Zn3P2 and bait consumption/Zn3P2 intake (r(2) = 0.32, p less than or equal to 0.043), and carcass Zn3P2 and body weight (r(2) = 0.60, p less than or equal to 0.002). Certain analytical and hazards issues are discussed. RP STERNER, RT (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,CTR FED,BLDG 16,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 28 IS 4 BP 519 EP 523 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QT484 UT WOS:A1995QT48400017 PM 7755404 ER PT J AU BROUSSEAU, ME SCHAEFER, EJ STUCCHI, AF OSADA, J VESPA, DB ORDOVAS, JM NICOLOSI, RJ AF BROUSSEAU, ME SCHAEFER, EJ STUCCHI, AF OSADA, J VESPA, DB ORDOVAS, JM NICOLOSI, RJ TI DIETS ENRICHED IN UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS ENHANCE APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I CATABOLISM BUT DO NOT AFFECT EITHER ITS PRODUCTION OR HEPATIC MESSENGER-RNA ABUNDANCE IN CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; FATTY ACIDS; METABOLISM; HEPATIC APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I MESSENGER-RNA; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN-CHOLESTEROL; AFRICAN-GREEN MONKEYS; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; MONOUNSATURATED FAT; TRANSPORT RATES; SATURATED FAT; CEBUS MONKEYS; METABOLISM; LIPIDS; WOMEN AB To determine the mechanisms whereby dietary fatty acids influence high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein (ape) A-I concentrations, ten cynomolgus monkeys were fed each of three experimental diets enriched in saturated (SAT), monounsaturated (MONO), or polyunsaturated (POLY) fatty acids in a crossover design consisting of three 13-week periods, with each animal serving as its own control. Each diet contained 30% of energy as fat with 0.22 mg cholesterol/kcal and differed solely by the isocaloric substitution of fatty acids as 18% of total energy calories. The replacement of dietary saturated fatty acids with either monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively, resulted in significant reductions of plasma total cholesterol (-17%; -30%), HDL cholesterol (-32%; -41%), and apo A-I (-37%; -44%) concentrations, while no significant differences were noted in plasma lipid or apo A-I concentrations when the MONO and POLY phases were compared. Although the MONO and POLY diets were similar in their effects on plasma lipids and apolipoproteins, the HDL of monkeys fed the POLY diet, as compared with either the SAT or the MONO diets, contained more cholesteryl ester and phospholipid but less total protein, resulting in a significantly lower total lipid to protein constituent ratio. Metabolic experiments revealed that the significantly lower plasma apo A-I concentrations observed during both the MONO and-POLY phases relative to SAT were directly attributable to enhanced HDL apo A-I catabolism. Conversely, neither HDL apo A-I production rates nor hepatic apo A-I mRNA concentrations were significantly affected by dietary fatty acid perturbation in this study. Taken together, these data indicate that fractional catabolic rate is the predominant mechanism by which dietary fatty acids differentially modulate circulating concentrations of HDL apo A-I in this species when all other dietary variables are held constant. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT CLIN SCI,CARDIOVASC RES LAB,LOWELL,MA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL 39385] NR 53 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD MAY PY 1995 VL 115 IS 1 BP 107 EP 119 DI 10.1016/0021-9150(94)05505-D PG 13 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA QX855 UT WOS:A1995QX85500012 PM 7669081 ER PT J AU ZHU, H BRAZEE, RD REICHARD, DL FOX, RD KRAUSE, CR CHAPPLE, AC AF ZHU, H BRAZEE, RD REICHARD, DL FOX, RD KRAUSE, CR CHAPPLE, AC TI FLUID VELOCITY AND SHEAR IN ELLIPTIC-ORIFICE SPRAY NOZZLES SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article AB With new pest control and bioregulating formulations under development and coming into use to improve spray retention and coverage, concerns have arisen about possible adverse effects on spray solutions due to fluid shear occurring in nozzles. Mathematical models were developed for velocity and shear-rate distributions for incompressible liquid flow through fan-pattern spray nozzles having approximately elliptic outlet orifices. The velocity distribution model was verified with phase/Doppler particle analyzer measurements and computational fluid dynamic simulations. A mean fluid velocity section of the model predicted the axial flow velocity to be 29.03 m/s for an 8002 brass fan-pattern nozzle with 276 kPa operating pressure, compared with a mean measured value of 29.85 m/s, With the shear rate model, it war found that use of an older equivalent-circle model resulted in significant underestimates of shear rates for fan-pattern nozzles. Liquid shear rates at the orifice wall varied with position, and were estimated to fall in the range 1.2 x 10(5) to 7 x 10(5) s(-1) for the spray nozzles studied, depending on nozzle characteristics and operating pressure over a range of 138 to 414 kPa. C1 USDA ARS,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691. ECOGEN EUROPE SRI,FRAZIONE PANTALLA,I-06050 TODI,ITALY. RP ZHU, H (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT AGR ENGN,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 79 MADISON AVE, STE 1202, NEW YORK, NY 10016-7892 SN 1044-5110 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 3 BP 343 EP 356 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA TC494 UT WOS:A1995TC49400006 ER PT J AU VOLKOV, AG HAACK, RA AF VOLKOV, AG HAACK, RA TI INSECT-INDUCED BIOELECTROCHEMICAL SIGNALS IN POTATO PLANTS SO BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY AND BIOENERGETICS LA English DT Article DE CHEMICAL INJURY; POTATO BEETLE; INDUCED ACTION POTENTIAL ID ACTION-POTENTIALS; RESPONSES; HEAT AB Action potentials and resting potentials were measured in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) under different physiological conditions. External stimuli (e.g. changing temperature, wounding or exposing plant leaves or soil to certain chemical compounds) cause an action potential to be generated and change the resting potential from the original steady state level. The amplitude, polarity and the speed of action potential propagation depend on the type of external stimuli or stress. The kinetics and amplitude of the resting potential also change depending on the nature of the external stimuli. For example, in the presence of leaf-feeding larvae of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say); Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), the speed at which insect-induced action potentials moved downward through the stem was about 0.05 cm s(-1). The action potentials propagated downwards from the damaged leaf along the stem. When the upper leaves of potato plants were sprayed with 0.3 mi of 1 mM aqueous solution of pentachlorophenol, the effect was almost identical to that induced by Colorado potato beetle. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of action potential generation in plants induced by insect damage or chemical injury. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,E LANSING,MI 48823. RP VOLKOV, AG (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064, USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-4598 J9 BIOELECTROCH BIOENER JI Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 37 IS 1 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1016/0302-4598(94)01759-T PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA RG817 UT WOS:A1995RG81700010 ER PT J AU FUNSTON, RN ROBERTS, AJ HIXON, DL HALLFORD, DM SANSON, DW MOSS, GE AF FUNSTON, RN ROBERTS, AJ HIXON, DL HALLFORD, DM SANSON, DW MOSS, GE TI EFFECT OF ACUTE GLUCOSE ANTAGONISM ON HYPOPHYSEAL HORMONES AND CONCENTRATIONS OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR (IGF)-I AND IGF-BINDING PROTEINS IN SERUM, ANTERIOR-PITUITARY, AND HYPOTHALAMUS OF EWES SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER RIBONUCLEIC-ACIDS; I GENE-EXPRESSION; BEEF-COWS; NEGATIVE FEEDBACK; DIETARY ENERGY; BODY-WEIGHT; CATTLE; SECRETION; GONADOTROPIN; PROLACTIN AB The objectives of this study were to determine whether 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), a metabolic inhibitor of glucose, 1) differentially affected release of LH, growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL); 2) decreased anterior pituitary response to GnRH; and 3) altered concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and intensity of I-125-IGF-I binding to proteins (IGFBPs) in serum, anterior pituitary (AP) and hypothalamus (preoptic area [POA], medial basal hypothalamus [MBH], and stalk median eminence [SME]). In trial 1, mature, ovariectomized, crossbred ewes were treated with a single s.c. injection of either saline (n = 5) or 2DG (n = 5: 0.1 g/kg BW). Administration of 2DG suppressed (p < 0.05) concentrations of LH but did not affect (p > 0.05) serum concentrations of GH or PRL. In trial 2, ovariectomized ewes received injections of saline or 2DG, and each group was subdivided to receive either saline or GnRH analog (5 mu g; Des-Gly(10)-[D-Ala(6)]) 2 h later. Administration of 2DG suppressed (p < 0.05) serum concentrations of LH before administration of GnRH; however, release of LH in response to exogenous GnRH was greater (p < 0.05) in ewes that received 2DG. Treatment with 2DG did not affect (p > 0.05) concentrations of FSH before or after administration of GnRH. In trial 3, 10 ovariectomized ewes were slaughtered 2 h after treatment with saline (n = 5) or 2DG (n = 5). Serum and tissues collected at slaughter (AP, MBH, SME, and POA) were analyzed for concentrations of IGF-I by RIA and intensity of I-125-IGF-I binding to proteins by ligand blotting. Concentrations of IGF-I in serum and tissues were not affected (p > 0.05) by treatment with 2DG. IGFBPs were detected in serum, AP, and SME of all ewes, but intensity of I-125-IGF-I binding to proteins was not affected (p > 0.05) by treatment with 2DG. In summary, treatment with 2DG decreased release of LH. The suppression of LH did not appear to be caused by direct actions of 2DG on the AP, because response to exogenous GnRH was enhanced in ewes treated with 2D)G. Concentrations of IGF-I and IGF-I binding activity in the AP, MBH, POA, or SME were not altered 2 h after treatment with 2DG. This research demonstrates that depletion of glucose availability in ewes suppresses release of LH, presumably by actions at the hypothalamus or higher neural centers. C1 UNIV WYOMING,DEPT ANIM SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. NR 51 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1526 JEFFERSON ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2106 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1179 EP 1186 DI 10.1095/biolreprod52.5.1179 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA QU219 UT WOS:A1995QU21900027 PM 7542933 ER PT J AU PALMER, MW WADE, GL NEAL, P AF PALMER, MW WADE, GL NEAL, P TI STANDARDS FOR THE WRITING OF FLORAS SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VASCULAR PLANT FLORA; SPECIES RICHNESS; DIVERSITY; AREA; BIODIVERSITY; DISPERSAL; PATTERNS; ISLANDS; WESTERN; REGION C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,BURLINGTON,VT 05402. RP PALMER, MW (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. RI Palmer, Michael/A-2519-2008 NR 56 TC 53 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST BIOL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 730 11TH STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-4521 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAY PY 1995 VL 45 IS 5 BP 339 EP 345 DI 10.2307/1312495 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA QU439 UT WOS:A1995QU43900013 ER PT J AU COOK, RJ GABRIEL, CJ KELMAN, A TOLIN, S VIDAVER, AK AF COOK, RJ GABRIEL, CJ KELMAN, A TOLIN, S VIDAVER, AK TI RESEARCH ON PLANT-DISEASE AND PEST-MANAGEMENT IS ESSENTIAL TO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; MIGRATIONS; CHEMISTRY; GENETICS C1 USDA,CSREES,NATL RES INITIAT,COMPETIT GRANTS PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. AMER INST BIOL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20001. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL PHYSIOL & WEED SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP COOK, RJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,ROOT DIS & BIOL RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST BIOL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 730 11TH STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-4521 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAY PY 1995 VL 45 IS 5 BP 354 EP 357 PG 4 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA QU439 UT WOS:A1995QU43900015 ER PT J AU KREIKEMEIER, KK HARMON, DL AF KREIKEMEIER, KK HARMON, DL TI ABOMASAL GLUCOSE, MAIZE STARCH AND MAIZE DEXTRIN INFUSIONS IN CATTLE - SMALL-INTESTINAL DISAPPEARANCE, NET PORTAL GLUCOSE FLUX AND ILEAL OLIGOSACCHARIDE FLOW SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; STARCH DIGESTION; SMALL INTESTINE ID SORGHUM GRAIN HYBRIDS; BEEF HEIFERS; DIGESTION; SITE; EXTENT; STEERS; CORN AB Three castrated male Holstein cattle (423 (SD 19) kg live weight) fitted with elevated carotid artery, portal, and mesenteric venous catheters, and abomasal and heal cannulas were used to study small-intestinal starch digestion. The cattle were infused abomasally with water (275 ml/h), glucose (66 g/h), maize dextrin (66 g/h) or maize starch (66 g/h) in an incomplete Latin square design, with eight infusion periods. Infusion with carbohydrate resulted in higher arterial glucose concentrations and greater net portal glucose flux than when cattle were infused with water. Arterial glucose concentration and net portal glucose flux were highest when glucose was infused. In the small intestine, 85% of abomasally-infused glucose, 78% of infused dextrin, and 66% of infused starch disappeared. Of the carbohydrate that disappeared in the small intestine, that which could be accounted for as net portal glucose flux was 73% for glucose, 60% for dextrin, and 57% for starch. Ileal digesta contained unpolymerized glucose, and short-chain soluble alpha-glucoside. Of the infused dextrin flowing past the ileum (14 g/h), 0.3 g/h was glucose, 6.2 g/h was soluble alpha-glucoside, and 7.5 g/h was insoluble alpha-glucoside. Of the infused starch flowing at the ileum (22.2 g/h), 0.9 g/h was glucose, 5.3 g/h was soluble alpha-glucoside, and 15.9 g/h was insoluble alpha-glucoside. The average chain lengths of the soluble alpha-glucosides in heal digesta were 2.07 and 2.36 for dextrin and starch infusions respectively, indicating mostly di- and to a lesser extent trisaccharides. We conclude that (1) when 66 g raw starch is presented to the small intestine per h, about half of the intestinal disappearance appears as glucose in the portal vasculature, and (2) alpha-1,4 glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) activity at the brush border is the rate-limiting step to small-intestinal starch digestion in cattle. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT ANIM SCI,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP KREIKEMEIER, KK (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 28 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 73 IS 5 BP 763 EP 772 DI 10.1079/BJN19950079 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QZ895 UT WOS:A1995QZ89500011 PM 7626594 ER PT J AU MILLIE, DF VINYARD, BT BAKER, MC TUCKER, CS AF MILLIE, DF VINYARD, BT BAKER, MC TUCKER, CS TI TESTING THE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VALIDITY OF SITE-SPECIFIC MODELS DERIVED FROM AIRBORNE REMOTE-SENSING OF PHYTOPLANKTON SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WATER-BLOOMS; COASTAL; CHLOROPHYLL; COLOR; LAKE; DISTRIBUTIONS; ADAPTATION; CYANOPHYTA; RESPONSES; PIGMENT AB Validations of predictive models are necessary for the accurate application of remotely sensed imagery within ecological research and fisheries management. Multiple regression models derived from airborne imagery on 16 May 1990 accurately depicted phytoplankton biomass and turbidity within aquaculture impoundments. To examine their temporal validity, the exact models, as well as identical model forms, were fit to similar imagery and in situ data collected on 20 June 1990. None of the exact models for 16 May accurately predicted in situ data on 20 June; however, model forms were robust for describing in situ variables. To examine their spatial validity, identical model forms were fit to in situ data partitioned among phytoplankton composition and biomass. The fit of the models and the contribution of imagery variables to the models varied among in situ variables. Although imagery variables explained all of the observed variability for turbidity, regression tree modeling indicated that a significant proportion of the variability in chlorophyll distribution both among and within impoundments was explained through both imagery variables and phytoplankton biomass. Consequently, universal models for the airborne remote sensing of water-quality variables in systems having distinct optical signatures is unlikely. Rather, robust site-specific models will need to be developed. C1 LOYOLA UNIV, DEPT BIOL SCI, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70118 USA. INTERGAPH CORP, DIV MAPPING SCI, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35894 USA. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV, DELTA RES & RES STN, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. RP MILLIE, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, 1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70124 USA. NR 62 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1094 EP 1107 DI 10.1139/f95-107 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA RX749 UT WOS:A1995RX74900020 ER PT J AU LITTLE, RL PETERSON, DL SILSBEE, DG SHAINSKY, LJ BEDNAR, LF AF LITTLE, RL PETERSON, DL SILSBEE, DG SHAINSKY, LJ BEDNAR, LF TI RADIAL GROWTH-PATTERNS AND THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE ON 2ND GROWTH DOUGLAS-FIR (PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII) IN THE SISKIYOU MOUNTAINS, OREGON SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; TREE GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; STANDS; INDEX; SITES; OZONE AB Three sites with fire-generated second-growth (70-100 years old) Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France) in southwestern Oregon were examined using dendroecological techniques to determine (1) temporal patterns of radial growth and (2) the effects of variation in climate on growth. Long-term patterns of radial growth vary among sites, but similar interannual variation in radial growth indicates a common response to regional climate. Growth is positively correlated with the Palmer Drought Severity Index and precipitation during summer. Furthermore, growth is positively correlated with precipitation during autumn prior to the growth year, which suggests the benefits of soil moisture recharge for subsequent stemwood production. Annual precipitation is strongly seasonal, and soil moisture stress in summer is apparently severe enough to be the dominant climatic influence on radial growth. Positive correlations of growth with most monthly temperatures reflect the benefit of warm temperatures on photosynthesis and radial growth during periods of adequate soil moisture. Although coastal Oregon is generally considered to be a high precipitation environment, conditions are clearly dry enough during summer to limit carbon gain in second-growth Douglas-fir. If future climatic conditions result in increased soil moisture stress during summer, productivity of such second-growth stands may decrease below current levels. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,COOPERAT PK STUDIES UNIT,SEATTLE,WA 98195. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,PORTLAND,OR 97208. NR 63 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 25 IS 5 BP 724 EP 735 DI 10.1139/x95-080 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RG604 UT WOS:A1995RG60400005 ER PT J AU OSTRY, ME ANDERSON, NA AF OSTRY, ME ANDERSON, NA TI INFECTION OF POPULUS-TREMULOIDES BY HYPOXYLON-MAMMATUM ASCOSPORES THROUGH SAPERDA-INORNATA GALLS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ASPEN AB Branch galls resulting from oviposition wounds made by Saperda inornata Say on Populus tremuloides Michx. were studied in relation to inoculation with Hypoxylon mammatum (Wahlenberg) J.H. Miller ascospores. The natural infection rate of galls in an aspen plantation in central Minnesota averaged 1.6% (range 0.8-2.6%) during a 4-year period. However, when S. inornata galls were inoculated with ascospores during a 3-year period, 9.1% (range 6.5-12.6%) of the branches became infected. When galls were inoculated with sterile water, 3.3% of the branches became infected, perhaps indicating that inoculum already was present in the galls. The average elapsed time from ascospore inoculation until the development of hypoxylon canker symptoms was 26 months. These results provide the first demonstration of canker development following inoculation of natural wounds on aspen with H. mammatum ascospores. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP OSTRY, ME (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 25 IS 5 BP 813 EP 816 DI 10.1139/x95-088 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RG604 UT WOS:A1995RG60400013 ER PT J AU FILIP, GM GOHEEN, DJ AF FILIP, GM GOHEEN, DJ TI PRECOMMERCIAL THINNING IN PSEUDOTSUGA, TSUGA, AND ABIES STANDS AFFECTED BY ARMILLARIA ROOT DISEASE - 10-YEAR RESULTS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR; FERTILIZATION AB Four 10- to 20-year-old stands were precommercially thinned to determine the effects of thinning on tree growth and mortality caused by armillaria root disease in the Cascade Range of western Oregon and Washington, U.S.A: one stand of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France var. menziesii) and noble fir (Abies procera Rehd.), one of Douglas-fir and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), one of Douglas-fir alone, and one of Shasta red fir (Abies magnifica A. Murr. var. shastensis Lemm.) and mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana (Pong.) Carr.). After 10 years, differences in crop-tree mortality between thinned and unthinned plots were not significant in any of the four stands. Tree radial growth was significantly increased by thinning in 6 of 15 plots. Crop-tree basal area (per hectare) growth was significantly greater in thinned plots. Basal area (per hectare) growth of all trees was significantly greater in unthinned plots. Apparently, from a root-disease perspective, precommercial thinning does not affect the incidence of crop-tree mortality after 10 years, but tree growth increases significantly. C1 US FOREST SERV,SW OREGON FOREST INSECT & DIS TECH CTR,MEDFORD,OR 97501. RP FILIP, GM (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,FOREST SCI LAB 020,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 25 IS 5 BP 817 EP 823 DI 10.1139/x95-089 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RG604 UT WOS:A1995RG60400014 ER PT J AU JIFON, JL FRIEND, AL BERRANG, PC AF JIFON, JL FRIEND, AL BERRANG, PC TI SPECIES MIXTURE AND SOIL-RESOURCE AVAILABILITY AFFECT THE ROOT-GROWTH RESPONSE OF TREE SEEDLINGS TO ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO21 SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE SEEDLINGS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LIQUIDAMBAR-STYRACIFLUA; TAEDA SEEDLINGS; COMPETITION; PLANTS; QUANTIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; ENRICHMENT; PATTERNS AB The effects of CO2 enrichment on root proliferation of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) seedlings were studied under varied water and nitrogen (N) regimes and in competitive interaction. Seedlings of each species were grown from seed as monocultures or as 50:50 pine-sweetgum mixtures in 22-L pots filled with forest soil. Seedlings were exposed to either ambient (400 ppm) or CO2-enriched (ambient plus 400 ppm) air for 32 weeks in continuously stirred tank reactors. Detailed sampling of very fine roots (<0.5 mm diam.) showed a general increase (up to 2-fold) in root length density (RLD, cm . cm(-3)) with elevated CO2; however, the effects of CO2 on RLD differed according to species, culture type, water, and N availability. In monoculture, low water with low N conditions produced the largest RLD responses to elevated CO2: 75% increase for sweetgum and 31% increase for pine. In mixed culture, by contrast, the largest RLD responses to CO2 were observed under high water, high N regimes: pine showed a 110% increase and sweetgum a 96% increase. The total RLD of the standing crop in mixture under elevated CO2, high water, and high N was 2.6 cm . cm(-3) compared with 1.6 cm . cm(-3) in ambient CO2, with sweetgum accounting for >75% of the total RLD in both cases. These findings suggest that resource-rich rather than resource-poor soil environments could be the circumstances under which belowground interference from sweetgum would intensify in pine-sweetgum mixtures with rising atmospheric CO2. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. CORNELL UNIV,COLL AGR & LIFE SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. US FOREST SERV,CTR FOREST ENVIRONM STUDIES,MACON,GA 31020. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 25 IS 5 BP 824 EP 832 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RG604 UT WOS:A1995RG60400015 ER PT J AU SCHIER, GA PATTON, RL AF SCHIER, GA PATTON, RL TI DAMPING-OFF DISEASE OF PINE-SEEDLINGS ON SOILS TREATED WITH SIMULATED ACIDIC RAIN SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note ID TREE SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; ALUMINUM AB Damping-off during seed germination and early seedling growth of Pinus rigida Mill., Pinus echinata Mill., Pinus taeda L., and Pinus strobus L. were observed for 28 days on three New Jersey (U.S.A.) Pine Barrens soils (Atsion, Downer, Lakewood) treated with simulated acidic rain solutions of pH 4.2, 3.5, or 3.0 (SO42-:Cl-:NO3-, 2.2:1.4:1.0). The soils were sandy, highly acidic, and deficient in mineral nutrients. Treatment with rain solution was started 53 days before planting the pine seeds and continued during germination. Seedling emergence and seedling mortality were affected significantly by solution pH, soils, and species. Seedling emergence of all pine species on Atsion and Lakewood soils decreased with increasing solution acidity. On Downer soil seedling emergence was unaffected by solution acidity probably because the buffering action of the soil decreased the acidity of the rain solution. Seedling mortality of all species increased with increasing treatment acidity on all soils and was significantly higher on Atsion (100% at pH 3.0) than on the other soils. Although solution acidity significantly increased the concentration of Al in the soil solution, there was no evidence of Al toxicity. Two isolated fungal species, a Trichoderma. and a Penicillium, significantly reduced seedling emergence and increased seedling mortality of P. rigida in sterile, acid-washed quartz sand; however, neither seedling emergence nor seedling mortality was affected significantly by solution acidity. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,RADNOR,PA 19087. RP SCHIER, GA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 25 IS 5 BP 838 EP 844 DI 10.1139/x95-091 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RG604 UT WOS:A1995RG60400017 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, AH COOK, ER SICCAMA, TG BATTLES, JJ MCLAUGHLIN, SB LEBLANC, DC WARGO, PM AF JOHNSON, AH COOK, ER SICCAMA, TG BATTLES, JJ MCLAUGHLIN, SB LEBLANC, DC WARGO, PM TI SYNCHRONIC LARGE-SCALE DISTURBANCES AND RED SPRUCE GROWTH DECLINE - COMMENT SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Discussion ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; WINTER INJURY; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NEW-YORK; WHITEFACE MOUNTAIN; NORTHERN APPALACHIANS; FOREST DECLINE; COLD TOLERANCE; CRAWFORD-NOTCH; CLIMATE C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY EARTH OBSERV,TREE RING LAB,PALISADES,NY 10964. YALE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & ENVIRONM STUDIES,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI POLICY & MANAGEMENT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830. BALL STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,MUNCIE,IN 47306. US FOREST SERV,HAMDEN,CT 06514. RP JOHNSON, AH (reprint author), UNIV PENN,DEPT GEOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. RI Battles, John/G-8233-2012 OI Battles, John/0000-0001-7124-7893 NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 25 IS 5 BP 851 EP 858 DI 10.1139/x95-093 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RG604 UT WOS:A1995RG60400019 ER PT J AU REAMS, GA VANDEUSEN, PC AF REAMS, GA VANDEUSEN, PC TI SYNCHRONIC LARGE-SCALE DISTURBANCES AND RED SPRUCE GROWTH DECLINE - REPLY SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Discussion ID STAND DYNAMICS; TRENDS C1 TUFTS UNIV,NE REG CTR,NATL COUNCIL AIR & STREAM IMPROVEMENT,MEDFORD,MA 02155. RP REAMS, GA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 25 IS 5 BP 859 EP 869 DI 10.1139/x95-094 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RG604 UT WOS:A1995RG60400020 ER PT J AU WINDBERG, LA AF WINDBERG, LA TI DEMOGRAPHY OF A HIGH-DENSITY COYOTE POPULATION SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN TEXAS; MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS; CANINE PARVOVIRUS; DYNAMICS; WOLVES; ALBERTA; DIETS; SIZE AB The demography of a lightly exploited population of coyotes (Canis latrans) in Webb County, Texas, which has had historically high densities, was described from 1976 to 1986. The population fluctuated at high abundance, except for a decline in 1981-1982 following an epizootic of canine parvovirus. Sex ratios were even. Population natality was low, as only 39% of females had viable fetuses. Natality of yearlings (1.5-2.0 years) was lower and more variable than among adults (greater than or equal to 2.5 years). Juvenile (0.8 year) females rarely ovulated. A comparison among 33 radiotelemetered females in 1985 indicated that only territorial adults produced viable fetuses. The proportion of juveniles in spring averaged 0.34. Indices of juvenile survival from birth to the following spring varied from 0.09 to 0.73. Annual survival rates of adults (0.64-0.73) were high and constant. The annual population growth rate (spring to spring) was correlated positively with prey abundance in the preceding winter and negatively with coyote abundance at the beginning of each annual period. Although failure to ovulate and juvenile mortality were identified as key factors in annual variation in population loss, variability in natality among yearlings was identified as the demographic variable associated with relative abundance of coyotes and prey. Body condition of coyotes, as indexed by body mass and internal fat, was not poorer during years of low prey abundance. Interactions between social organization and food availability were implicated in regulation of the lightly exploited high-density population. RP WINDBERG, LA (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 63 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 16 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 73 IS 5 BP 942 EP 954 DI 10.1139/z95-110 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA RR091 UT WOS:A1995RR09100015 ER PT J AU GAINES, CS KASSUBA, A FINNEY, PL AF GAINES, CS KASSUBA, A FINNEY, PL TI A SOUP MODEL STUDY COMPARING FLOUR PEAK VISCOSITY DURING HEATING AND VISCOSITY OF FLOUR GELS DURING REHEATING SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PASTE AB A viscograph was used to study a model soft wheat flour-water gel system that was based on the apparent viscosity of commercial soups when reheated to a serving temperature of 60-degrees-C. Unless flours were produced from highly field-sprouted wheats, there was no relationship between the hot paste peak viscosity attained during first heating and the viscosity of the same pastes that were allowed to gel, stored, and were then reheated to serving temperature. Sound, unsprouted flour produced hot paste peak viscosities as low as 57 BU (50 g of flour/450 ml of water) and consistently high reheated gel viscosities. Adding malted flour to the model system, reduced the hot paste peak visocsity much more than it reduced the viscosity of the reheated gels, especially at low levels of malt. The prediction of the viscosity at serving temperature of flour-thickened soups could be better accomplished using direct measurement of alpha-amylase activity or determination of the reheated gel viscosity rather than the viscograph hot paste peak viscosity. RP GAINES, CS (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,USDA ARS,SOFT WHEAT QUAL LAB,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 72 IS 3 BP 233 EP 236 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QZ371 UT WOS:A1995QZ37100001 ER PT J AU CHANG, CY SEITZ, LM CHAMBERS, E AF CHANG, CY SEITZ, LM CHAMBERS, E TI VOLATILE FLAVOR COMPONENTS OF BREADS MADE FROM HARD RED WINTER-WHEAT AND HARD WHITE WINTER-WHEAT SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FRENCH BREAD; CRUST AB Volatile components of white pan bread and whole wheat bread made from hard red winter or hard white winter wheat were collected on a Tenax TA trap by dynamic headspace concentration. Bread crumb and crust were studied separately. A total of 74 compounds was separated and identified by gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry-mass spectrometry. Among the compounds that possessed some odor qualities, 11 of them had breadlike odors. Most of the carbonyls and pyrazines were higher in relative quantities in the crust than in the crumb. Many differences were noticed between white pan and whole wheat breads. However, many fewer differences were found between breads made from hard red winter and hard white winter wheats. C1 USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. RP CHANG, CY (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT FOODS & NUTR,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 72 IS 3 BP 237 EP 242 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QZ371 UT WOS:A1995QZ37100002 ER PT J AU DELWICHE, SR CHEN, YR HRUSCHKA, WR AF DELWICHE, SR CHEN, YR HRUSCHKA, WR TI DIFFERENTIATION OF HARD RED WHEAT BY NEAR-INFRARED ANALYSIS OF BULK SAMPLES SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL IMAGE-ANALYSIS; KERNEL MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION; CLASSIFICATION; DISCRIMINATION AB Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (1,100 - 2,498 nm) has been used to identify hard red winter and hard red spring wheat classes. As a followup to a previous study which involved ground wheat samples, the authors have used the same samples on a whole kernel in-bulk (80 g) basis. Four years of U.S. winter and spring wheats were used. A small number (n = 150 samples per class) from the first three years' samples were used for calibration; the remaining portion (n = 1,325), plus all of the fourth year's samples (n = 778), were used to verify the models. Four types of classification algorithms were examined: multiple linear regression (MLR), principal component analysis with Mahalanobis distance (PCA/MD), partial least squares (PLS) analysis, and artificial neural networks (ANN). All four models demonstrated classification accuracies (defined as the percentage of correctly classified samples) greater than 88%, and most often, about 95% for samples grown during the same years as used in calibration. These accuracies were significantly better than those associated with discriminant models that were based solely on protein content, NIR-hardness, or a combination of protein and hardness. Spectrally sensed water-matrix interactions were probably beneficial to model accuracy; however, moisture content alone was not deemed necessary to a model's success. When predicting the fourth year, the MLR model needed a bias correction, whereas the other three models performed reasonably well. The ANN model's performance was highest, with accuracies in the range of 95-98%. At little expense to model accuracy, the number of input nodes to the ANN model could be reduced from 223 to 111, provided the full wavelength range was preserved. RP DELWICHE, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 72 IS 3 BP 243 EP 247 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QZ371 UT WOS:A1995QZ37100003 ER PT J AU SEO, YW GRAYBOSCH, RA PETERSON, CJ SHELTON, DR AF SEO, YW GRAYBOSCH, RA PETERSON, CJ SHELTON, DR TI ASSESSMENT OF ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOASSAY ON RYE SECALINS AS A TOOL IN THE PREDICTION OF 1RS WHEAT QUALITY SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRANSLOCATION LINES; 1BL/1RS; GLUTENIN AB Incorporation of rye chromatin into the wheat genome often has resulted in a subsequent loss of dough quality. A monoclonal antibody, specific for secalins (rye endosperm storage proteins) was tested as a means of consistently identifying wheats carrying rye chromosome arm 1RS and predicting their end-use quality. Mean absorbances (A) in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) of 1AL/1RS or IBL/IRS wheats from 16 production environments were significantly higher than those observed with non-1RS wheats. Significantly higher absorbances also were observed in 1AL/1RS wheats as compared to 1BL/1RS wheats. Among 1AL/1RS wheats, however, ELISA absorbances were associated with increased total flour protein content, a factor contributing to higher wheat quality scores. Among 1BL/1RS wheats, where absorbances were independent of total protein content, significant negative correlations with quality were detected. ELISA using this antisecalin monoclonal antibody has more utility as a means of identifying 1RS wheats in breeding programs than as a tool for predicting flour quality in the grain trade. RP SEO, YW (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68588, USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 72 IS 3 BP 252 EP 254 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QZ371 UT WOS:A1995QZ37100005 ER PT J AU CHAMPAGNE, ET GRIMM, CC AF CHAMPAGNE, ET GRIMM, CC TI STABILIZATION OF BROWN RICE PRODUCTS USING ETHANOL VAPORS AS AN ANTIOXIDANT DELIVERY SYSTEM SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE DETERIORATION AB Brown rice kernels and their flours were stabilized to lipolytic hydrolysis by exposing the kernels to vapors from boiling aqueous ethanol (EtOH). EtOH vapors were also effective in delivering butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) to the kernels. Oxidative stability achieved from BHT depended on the oxygen permeability of the rice package. BHT provided oxidative stability to kernels and flours stored in glass jars but not to kernels stored in polyethylene bags. BHT was rapidly oxidized in kernels stored in bags, and thus did not protect them from oxidative deterioration. Flours stored in polyethylene bags were stable to oxidation. RP CHAMPAGNE, ET (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 72 IS 3 BP 255 EP 258 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QZ371 UT WOS:A1995QZ37100006 ER PT J AU LAPVETELAINEN, A BIETZ, JA HUEBNER, FR AF LAPVETELAINEN, A BIETZ, JA HUEBNER, FR TI REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF OAT PROTEINS - APPLICATION TO CULTIVAR COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF WET-PROCESSING SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; FUNCTIONALITY ASSESSMENT; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; IDENTIFICATION; SEPARATION; HETEROGENEITY; ENDOSPERM; GLOBULIN; GLUTENIN AB Oat protein fractions were characterized by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Salt-soluble, alcohol-soluble, and alkali-soluble protein fractions were extracted with 1.0 M NaCl, 52% ethanol, and 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in 0.05 M borate buffer (pH 10), respectively. RP-HPLC analysis conditions were first optimized for column performance, concentration of ion-pairing reagent (trifluoroacetic acid [TFA]), protein reductive state, and elution temperature. These analysis conditions were used to characterize five Finnish oat cultivars (Puhti, Ryhti, Veli, Nasta, and Virma). In addition, effects of processing on oat protein composition were analyzed in high-protein oat flour and steamed oat goats derived from the oat starch process. Wet processing only slightly influenced RP-HPLC separation profiles of protein fractions. The greatest difference between high-protein oat flour and groats was the amount of salt-soluble components eluting during the first 15 min. Prolamin patterns of Puhti, Ryhti, and Virma clearly differentiate these cultivars. Prolamin patterns of cultivars Veli and Nasta were similar; half the genome in these cultivars is from the same parent. For all cultivars, RP-HPLC separations of salt- and alkali-soluble proteins were similar. However, quantities of some components differed, particularly those in the alkali-soluble fraction. RP-HPLC reproducibility was generally good, although replicate alcohol extractions revealed some components not consistently present. These were probably due to the extractant (52% ethanol). Other trials suggested that 70% ethanol may be a more reliable oat prolamin extractant for RP-HPLC analysis. These results emphasize the importance of thoroughly optimizing RP-HPLC analysis conditions for protein characterization. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 72 IS 3 BP 259 EP 264 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QZ371 UT WOS:A1995QZ37100007 ER PT J AU LOOKHART, GL BEAN, SR AF LOOKHART, GL BEAN, SR TI RAPID DIFFERENTIATION OF OAT CULTIVARS AND OF RICE CULTIVARS BY CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEINS; SEPARATION; EXTRACTION AB Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) of endosperm storage proteins was used to differentiate cultivars of both oats and rice in less than 12 min. This is the first report that proteins of these two cereals have been separated by CZE. Cultivars were chosen for the difficulty of differentiating them by other means, electrophoretic or chromatographic. Ethanol (70%) extracts of the oat samples were separated on a 20-mum i.d. untreated fused-silica capillary, whereas rice samples were extracted with 60% 1-propanol, and the solubilized proteins were separated on a 50-mum i.d. untreated fused-silica capillary. The CZE separation buffer was 0.1 M phosphate, pH 2.5, containing 0.05% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC). Most cultivars were differentiated quickly and easily. Only the patterns of two rice cultivars, IR36 and IR50, were nearly identical. There were no differences between IR36 and IR50 extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or acid (A)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). CZE is a faster method of separating endosperm storage proteins than A-PAGE and separates as least as well and better in most cases than either A-PAGE or reversed phase (RP)-HPLC. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT GRAIN SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP LOOKHART, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 26 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 72 IS 3 BP 312 EP 316 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QZ371 UT WOS:A1995QZ37100017 ER PT J AU CHEN, YR DELWICHE, SR HRUSCHKA, WR AF CHEN, YR DELWICHE, SR HRUSCHKA, WR TI CLASSIFICATION OF HARD RED WHEAT BY FEEDFORWARD BACKPROPAGATION NEURAL NETWORKS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Because of breeding practices, visual determination of kernel morphology is becoming less dependable for classification of hard red wheat as winter or spring. Because of the price differential between these classes, it is important to develop rapid, accurate, and automatable alternative methods. This study was conducted to determine whether feedforward backpropagation neural networks applied to near-infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance spectra of ground kernels could perform the classification. The NIR diffuse reflectance spectra (1,100-2,500 nm) of 2,403 ground hard red wheat samples representing the United States crop for 1987-1990 were used with commercially available neural network software. Mathematical pretreatments included log10(1/reflectance) and second differences of the log data. Networks with and without hidden layers were used with various subsets of the full spectral region as inputs. When developed on samples from the 1987-1989 crop years, the best neural network models yielded 97.0 and 96.8% accuracies for calibration and validation sets, respectively, utilizing the full wavelength range. This performance declined slightly to calibration and validation accuracies of 96.3 and 95.9%, respectively, when the wavelength range of 2,142-2,472 nm was used. When applied to the 1990 crop year, the prediction accuracies of the full and abbreviated wavelength range models were 95.1 and 95.6%, respectively. These models performed better than a previously reported principal component analysis with Mahalanobis distance classifier. Neural networks, combined with second difference pretreatment, should be a very useful component of a NIR-based classification system. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 6 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 72 IS 3 BP 317 EP 319 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QZ371 UT WOS:A1995QZ37100018 ER PT J AU LENIHAN, JM NEILSON, RP AF LENIHAN, JM NEILSON, RP TI CANADIAN VEGETATION SENSITIVITY TO PROJECTED CLIMATIC-CHANGE AT 3 ORGANIZATIONAL LEVELS SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID BOREAL FORESTS; PICEA-MARIANA; BIOME MODEL; NORTHWEST AB The potential equilibrium response of Canadian vegetation under two doubled-CO2 climatic scenarios was investigated at three levels in the vegetation mosaic using the rule-based, Canadian Climate-Vegetation Model (CCVM) and climatic response surfaces. The climatic parameters employed as model drivers (i.e., degree-days, minimum temperature, snowpack, actual evapotranspiration, and soil moisture deficit) have a more direct influence on the distribution of vegetation than those commonly used in equilibrium models. Under both scenarios, CCVM predicted reductions in the extent of the tundra and subarctic woodland formations, a northward shift and some expansion in the distributions of boreal and the temperate forest, and an expansion of the dry woodland and prairie formations that was especially pronounced under one of the scenarios. Results of the response surface analysis suggest the potential for significant changes in the probability of dominance for eight boreal tree species. A dissimilarity coefficient was used to identify forest-types under the future climatic scenarios that were analogous to boreal forest-types derived from cluster analysis of the current probabilities of species dominance. All of the current forest-types persisted under the doubled-CO2 scenarios, but 'no-analog' areas were also identified within which an empirically derived threshold of the distance coefficient was exceeded. Maps showing the highest level in the vegetation hierarchy where change was predicted suggest the relative impact of the response under the two climatic scenarios. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP LENIHAN, JM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3200 SW JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. RI Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009 NR 49 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAY PY 1995 VL 30 IS 1 BP 27 EP 56 DI 10.1007/BF01093224 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RC884 UT WOS:A1995RC88400003 ER PT J AU PASQUARELL, GC BOYER, DG URBAN, JB AF PASQUARELL, GC BOYER, DG URBAN, JB TI PACKER - A FORTRAN-77 CODE FOR COLLECTION, ANALYSIS, AND DISPLAY OF INTERVAL PRESSURE INJECTION TEST DATA SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE PRESSURE INJECTION TESTING; TRANSMISSIVITY; WELL TESTING; BOREHOLE TESTING AB A FORTRAN 77 code is presented which gives the user a systematic approach to the collection, storage, and graphical display of results from pressure injection testing of wells and boreholes. Transmissivities are computed using three different formulations: a simple, standard method; one which accounts for unsaturated conditions and the use of one or two packers; and a method which assumes that the majority of the transmissivity is the result of a single, horizontal fracture. Results may be displayed graphically with depth along with the matrix values to detect significant secondary porosity. A methodology is presented for calibrating for head loss in the piping system to maximize the accuracy of computed results. The code takes flow-head loss data either interactively, or from a database holding previous calibration data. The data then are fit with a best-fit polynomial, the order of which is selected by the user. The best fit of the head loss data may be viewed graphically. A set of field collected pressure injection data is presented and analyzed using the code. The results demonstrate the influence that both the computational formulation and the head loss calibration may have on computed results. C1 USDA ARS,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP PASQUARELL, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,POB 867,BECKLEY,WV 25801, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 21 IS 4 BP 481 EP 520 DI 10.1016/0098-3004(94)00094-B PG 40 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA RD063 UT WOS:A1995RD06300003 ER PT J AU CUMMINGS, JL AVERY, ML POCHOP, PA DAVIS, JE DECKER, DG KRUPA, HW JOHNSON, JW AF CUMMINGS, JL AVERY, ML POCHOP, PA DAVIS, JE DECKER, DG KRUPA, HW JOHNSON, JW TI EVALUATION OF A METHYL ANTHRANILATE FORMULATION FOR REDUCING BIRD DAMAGE TO BLUEBERRIES SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE BIRD REPELLENT; CROP DAMAGE; METHYL ANTHRANILATE; BLUEBERRIES; REJEX-IT(R) ID METHIOCARB; DIMETHYL AB We evaluated the bird repellency of ReJeX-iT(R) AG-36 which contains the active ingredient methyl anthranilate (MA). In a 14-day field trial in Michigan, MA applied at 16.1 kg ha(-1) did not reduce bird damage overall, but did appear to offer some protection from 3 to 10 days post-treatment. After 10 days, however, bird damage more than doubled. In Florida, we applied MA at a rate of 32 kg ha(-1) and then presented the fruit to individually caged cedar waxwings (Bombycilla cedrorum). Berry consumption did not differ between treatment and control groups, but consumption of berries 72 h post-spray exceeded that of 24 h post-spray. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 14 IS 3 BP 257 EP 259 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(95)00016-F PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RB162 UT WOS:A1995RB16200012 ER PT J AU CAMBRON, SE PATTERSON, FL OHM, HW RATCLIFFE, RH SAFRANSKI, GG AF CAMBRON, SE PATTERSON, FL OHM, HW RATCLIFFE, RH SAFRANSKI, GG TI GENETIC-ANALYSIS OF HESSIAN FLY RESISTANCE IN 8 DURUM-WHEAT INTRODUCTIONS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BIOTYPE-D; INHERITANCE; INTERRELATIONSHIPS; LOCATION AB Breeding for resistance in wheat, Triticum spp L., to Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), has been the most successful method of controlling damage from this pest. New genes for resistance are needed because virulence evolves in Hessian fly populations. Progenies of selected plants of eight durum wheat, Triticum durum Desf., introductions were compared for expression of resistance to Hessian fly Biotype L at temperatures of 19, 23, and 26 degrees C. Biotype L is currently the most virulent biotype identified. The eight introductions had been shown previously to be resistant to Biotypes C, D, E, and L. Ad tested plants of the eight introductions were resistant to Biotype L at 19 degrees C. At 23 degrees C, all plants of four of the introductions were resistant, and four had from 88 to 98% resistant plants. At 26 degrees C, all plants of three introductions were resistant, whereas five introductions had from 78 to 95% resistant plants. From testcross analyses, resistance in seven of the introductions appeared to be conferred by one, two, or three dominant or partially dominant independent genes. Resistances of CI3146-6, CI3241-2, and CI7335-10 were different from genes H5, H9, H14, and H16 of tester stocks. The single gene resistance of CI3146-6 was different from genes for resistance in CI3241-2 and CI3984-12. The two genes for resistance of CI7066-1 were different from H9 and the two genes of CI7041-3. Two lines, CI3170-2 and CI3146-6, appeared to base one gene in common. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP CAMBRON, SE (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,INSECT & WEED CONTROL RES UNIT,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 708 EP 714 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800008 ER PT J AU DELZER, BW BUSCH, RH HARELAND, GA AF DELZER, BW BUSCH, RH HARELAND, GA TI RECURRENT SELECTION FOR GRAIN PROTEIN IN HARD RED SPRING WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; NITROGEN PARTITIONING EFFICIENCY; WINTER-WHEAT; GENETIC-VARIATION; DURUM-WHEAT; YIELD; CROSSES; TRANSLOCATION; REGISTRATION; ASSIMILATION AB Grain protein concentration (GPC) of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is important because it partially determines bread-making properties and nutritional value of wheat hour. Ten hard red spring wheats selected for high GPC and other traits were intermated to form the initial population. Twenty to 25 F-3 lines were selected and recombined to initiate each successive cycle. Selection intensity for the parents of each cycle ranged from 3.5 to 8%. Four cycles of recurrent selection for increased GPC were evaluated. Direct response to selection for GPC and indirect responses of agronomic and breadmaking quality traits were determined, About 50 random F-3-derived lines from Cycles 0, 2, and 4 were evaluated at two locations for 2 yr to provide an estimate of gain from selection. The average realized gain for GPC was 2.7% per cycle of selection. Flour protein concentration, mixogram water absorption, and kernel hardness increased Linearly with selection for GPC. Although recurrent selection effectively increased GPC linearly over cycles, this gain was associated with lower grain yield. We observed a linear decrease in grain yield of 3.2% per cycle at the target location, but no linear trend was detected at the other location. Lines which combine high GPC and high grain yield may be useful as germplasm sources. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NORTHRUP KING CO,JANESVILLE,WI 53545. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 730 EP 735 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800012 ER PT J AU BERDAHL, JD KRUPINSKY, JM AF BERDAHL, JD KRUPINSKY, JM TI HERITABILITY OF RESISTANCE TO LEAF-SPOT CAUSED BY SEPTORIA-SPRAGUEI IN RUSSIAN WILDRYE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGRESSION; LEAVES AB A leaf-spot disease of Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fischer) Nevski] caused by Septoria spraguei Uecker and J.M. Krupinsky has the potential to reduce forage quality and yield, particularly in subhumid portions of the northern Great Plains region of the USA and Canada. This study was conducted to estimate heritability of resistance to S. spraguei and to measure the correlation between disease ratings in greenhouse and field environments. Twenty-five parent clones and their respective half-sib families were inoculated with S. spraguei in a greenhouse environment and subjected to natural infection in a held nursery. In the greenhouse, narrow-sense heritability (h(2)) estimates from the regression of half-sib family means on parent means were 0.57, 0.79, and 0.72, respectively, for lesion number, lesion size, and percentage necrosis ratings on leaf blades. Heritability estimates in the held environment were 0.22, 0.57, and 0.36, respectively, for lesion number, lesion size, and percentage necrosis. Lesion size was the only rating for which the entry x year interaction was nonsignificant in the field for both parents and half-sib families. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between greenhouse and field environments for lesion size means of half-sib families was 0.61. Recurrent phenotypic selection for small lesion size among half-sib families inoculated with S. spraguei in a single greenhouse environment should be effective in improving resistance to this leaf-spot disease in Russian wildrye. RP BERDAHL, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 735 EP 738 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800013 ER PT J AU LIVINGSTON, DP ELWINGER, GF AF LIVINGSTON, DP ELWINGER, GF TI IMPROVEMENT OF WINTER HARDINESS IN OAT FROM 1935 TO 1992 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WHEAT AB The Uniform Oat Winter Hardiness Nursery was initiated in 1926 to improve the probability of selecting more winter-hardy oat (Avena sativa L.) germplasm under field conditions. The nursery has been grown at 141 locations in 31 U.S. states and four Canadian provinces and 986 cultivars and experimental Lines have been tested. Survival data from 1935 to 1992 was used to (i) summarize nursery information, and (ii) evaluate progress in winter hardiness improvement. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for 10 check cultivars revealed four hardiness categories. Analysis of the same 10 checks by the method of pairwise rank superiority confirmed the relative rankings from the ANOVA results. Regression analyses from more than 1000 location-years in which differential winter killing occurred indicated significant genetic improvement in average winter hardiness of entries submitted for testing during the first 35 yr (1935 to 1970); the hardiness of elite entries has improved throughout the period of analysis (1935 to 1992) at an estimated rate of 0.26% per year. The decreased progress in average hardiness of entries since the mid1970s may be a result of reduced effort in breeding for winter hardiness due to lack of funding and/or exhaustion of genetic potential. C1 US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP LIVINGSTON, DP (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,SAA,BOX 7629,840 METHOD RD,UNIT 3,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 749 EP 755 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800017 ER PT J AU LENSSEN, AW TOWNSEND, CE MARTINS, SS AF LENSSEN, AW TOWNSEND, CE MARTINS, SS TI CLONAL-BY-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS INFLUENCE ISOFLAVONOID ACCUMULATION IN CICER MILKVETCH SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID 4 LEGUMES; SHEEP; PHYTOALEXINS; PERFORMANCE; ALFALFA AB Cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.) is a perennial, nonbloat-inducing forage legume adapted to temperate environments. For unknown reasons, however, ruminants grazing cicer milkvetch in pure stands have become photosensitized, or sunburned, in some environments. Isoflavonoids are involved with diverse biological activities, including estrogenism, disease resistance, and, potentially, photosensitization. We conducted a series of studies from 1991 to 1993 to identify factors that influence the accumulation of isoflavonoids. In separate greenhouse studies, elicited leaflets from the parental clones of 'Monarch' and 'Windsor' cicer milkvetch were analyzed for isoflavonoid accumulation. Growth chamber studies were conducted to investigate the clonal variability of leaflet isoflavonoid concentrations following different UV-C exposure times, incubation times, shoot positions, and growth x incubation temperature interactions. In both parental gene pools, clones differed significantly for the accumulation of mucronulatol, astraciceran, acicerone, and cajanin. The interactions of clone x UV-C exposure time, clone x incubation time, clone x shoot position, and clone x incubation temperature were significant for mucronulatol, astraciceran, maackiain, acicerone, and cajanin. Among all experiments, maximum mean concentration of mucronulatol, astraciceran, maackiain, acicerone, cajanin, biochanin A, and afrormosin was 2327, 152, 18, 63, 3, and 5 mu g g(-1) FW, respectively. Clone and environmental interactions with clones strongly influenced qualitative and quantitative accumulation of isoflavonoids in cicer milkvetch. C1 USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP LENSSEN, AW (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 756 EP 763 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800018 ER PT J AU SHANNON, MC NOBLE, CL AF SHANNON, MC NOBLE, CL TI VARIATION IN SALT TOLERANCE AND ION ACCUMULATION AMONG SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER CULTIVARS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SALINITY AB Increased productivity of forage crops under saline conditions is a desired characteristic in irrigated areas in both the USA and Australia. Clover (Trifolium) species are often used in single or mixed stands. Studies were conducted to determine physiological mechanisms and the extent of variability for salt tolerance among cultivars of subterranean clover. Six cultivars of subterranean clover (T. subterraneum L.) belonging to three different subspecies, brachycalycinum (cv. Glare and Wenijup), subterraneum (cv. Bacchus Marsh and Tallarook), and yanninicum (cv. Meteora and Trikkala), were tested for salt tolerance during germination and emergence and at the vegetative stage of growth in sand cultures salinized with 20 to 80 mM NaCl. Cultivars differed in final emergence, growth rates, salt tolerance, and ion accumulation. When salinity was applied at the time of seeding, the cultivars Glare and Tallarook were the most tolerant. When plants were salinized after the three- to four-trifoliate leaf stage, Glare had the highest relative salt tolerance as defined by shoot dry weight yield reduction as a percent of the unsalinized controls. Relative salt tolerance followed the order Glare > Bacchus Marsh = Trikkala = Tallarook > Meteora = Wenijup. Meteora had the highest productivity as defined by total dry weight production under high NaCl treatment. Productivity of clover under saline conditions requires high growth potential and low reduction in yield with increasing salinity. High productivity under salinity stress was positively correlated with restricted Na+ uptake in the shoot and the maintenance of high K+/Na+ ratios. C1 VICTORIAN DEPT AGR,INST SUSTAINABLE AGR,TATURA,VIC 3616,AUSTRALIA. RP SHANNON, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS,PWA,US SALIN LAB,450 BIG SPRINGS RD,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 798 EP 804 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800025 ER PT J AU VASILAS, BL NELSON, RL FUHRMANN, JJ EVANS, TA AF VASILAS, BL NELSON, RL FUHRMANN, JJ EVANS, TA TI RELATIONSHIP OF NITROGEN-UTILIZATION PATTERNS WITH SOYBEAN YIELD AND SEED-FILL PERIOD SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ACCUMULATION; FIXATION; GENOTYPES; LINES; N-15 AB A positive relationship generally exists between duration of seed-fill period (SFP) and seed yield in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], but exceptions have been reported. The objective of this research was to determine if differences in N-2 fixation, N accumulation, or N remobilization could explain inconsistent relationships between duration of SW and seed yield in soybean. Eight experimental soybean lines were selected, on the basis of differences in SFP and seed yield in previous experiments, to provide lines differing in (i) SFP and seed yield, (ii) SFP but not seed yield, and (iii) seed yield but not SFP. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Delaware on a Matapeake silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic, typic Hapludult) and on a Rumford loamy sand (coarse-loamy, siliceous, thermic, typic Hapludult). Plant samples were taken at the beginning and at the end of SFP. Nitrogen fixation was determined by isotope dilution. Seed yields ranged from 229 to 290 g m(-2); SFP ranged from 35 to 45 d. Nitrogen derived from N-2 fixation ranged from 51 to 82%. Lines with short SFP remobilized more N and dry matter than lines with long SPP. Seed yields were not consistently associated with seed N concentration, N remobilized, total N-2 fixed, vegetative biomass, dry matter remobilized, or N-2 fixed prior to SFP. Yield was positively associated with dry matter production and N-2 fixation rates during SFP. The duration of SFP is an important factor in defining yield potential, but the duration and rates of accumulation of N and C during this period determine how much of that potential will be realized. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. RP VASILAS, BL (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,DELAWARE AGR EXP ST,NEWARK,DE 19717, USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 809 EP 813 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800027 ER PT J AU SA, TM ISRAEL, DW AF SA, TM ISRAEL, DW TI NITROGEN ASSIMILATION IN NITROGEN-FIXING SOYBEAN PLANTS DURING PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SYMBIOTIC DINITROGEN FIXATION; NITRATE; TRANSPORT; GROWTH; METABOLISM; NUTRITION; JAPONICUM; STRESS AB This study evaluated the hypothesis that P deficiency alters N assimilation in N-2-fixing soybean plants (Glycine mar L. Merr.) through effects on nodule carbohydrate status. Transport of N constituents in xylem sap, concentrations and total quantities of N fractions in plant organs, and nonstructural carbohydrate status of nodules were compared in P-sufficient (1.0 mM P) and P-deficient (0.05 mM P) greenhouse-grown soybean plants dependent solely on symbiotic N-2 fixation. Increased ureide concentration in nodules and decreased ureide concentration in the xylem sap indicated that P deficiency restricted ureide transport from nodules to the xylem. Decreased ureide and total N concentration and Bur in xylem sap, and decreased concentrations of ureide and soluble and insoluble reduced N in leaves and stems indicated that P deficiency decreased N delivery to the shoot. Phosphorus deficiency decreased the sap exudation rate per unit root mass by 75%. Thus, decreased exudation rate, as well as decreased constituent concentrations, contributed to decreased flux of N compounds in the xylem. The decreased exudation rate may have resulted from decreased hydraulic conductivity of the root system and/or decreased ion transport into the xylem. Phosphorus deficiency caused decreased hexose and sucrose concentrations and increased starch concentration in nodules, indicating impaired carbohydrate utilization. This impaired carbohydrate utilization and the resulting decrease in energy status may have contributed to the decreased movement of ureide, and other N constituents, from host cells into the xylem of nodules. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,PLANT PHYSIOL PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 814 EP 820 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800028 ER PT J AU KALLENBACH, RL MATCHES, AG MAHAN, JR AF KALLENBACH, RL MATCHES, AG MAHAN, JR TI DAYLENGTH INFLUENCE ON THE GROWTH AND METABOLISM OF SAINFOIN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE; BETA-AMYLASE; STARCH; DEGRADATION; SEEDLINGS; TAPROOTS; CLOVER AB Sainfoin's (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) poor growth following defoliation and lack of stand persistence have limited producer acceptance. Because sainfoin growth is poorest in the summer when the daylengths are longest, daylength influence on regrowth and persistence was investigated. Forty, 130-d-old (+/-4 d) 'Renumex' sainfoin plants were placed in growth chambers under daylengths of 10, 13, and 16 h of light daily. After a 14-d adjustment period, plants were clipped to 2 cm. Clipped plants were allowed to regrow for 35 d (Harvest 1) clipped again and allowed to regrow for 14 additional days before final harvest (Harvest 2). Plant height, number of blooms, number of leaves, leaf area, and shoot dry mass were measured before each clipping and at final harvest (Harvest 2). Mass of taproots, fine roots and crowns as well as taproot reducing sugars, total sugars, and total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) were determined at Harvest 2. Activity of starch degrading enzymes and whole plant metabolism was measured at Harvest 2. Although daylength had some effects on sainfoin growth form (i.e., plant height and reproductive structures), the vegetative growth of sainfoin was otherwise unaltered by daylength (P > 0.05). Fine root mass was 38% (0.33 g plant(-1)) greater (P < 0.05) in the 16-h treatment than in the 10-h treatment. Taproot carbohydrates, starch enzyme activity, and metabolic heat rates were not altered by daylength (P > 0.05). Our results show that factors other than daylength regulate sainfoin growth after defoliation. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. USDA ARS,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. RP KALLENBACH, RL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BLYTHE,COOPERAT EXTENS,160 N BROADWAY,BLYTHE,CA 92225, USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 831 EP 835 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800031 ER PT J AU STANWOOD, PC SOWA, S AF STANWOOD, PC SOWA, S TI EVALUATION OF ONION (ALLIUM-CEPA L) SEED AFTER 10 YEARS OF STORAGE AT 5-DEGREES-C, -18-DEGREES-C, AND -196-DEGREES-C SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE AB Long-term storage strategies for seed germplasm are needed to assure preservation of diminishing plant genetic resources. Cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees C) is being studied as a potential method to reduce the rate of seed deterioration and thus increase the storage life of the seed. Onion (Allium cepa L.) seed was stored for 10 yr at 5, - 18, and - 196 degrees C liquid nitrogen) and evaluated for germination, seedling root length, electrolyte leakage, and O-2 uptake to determine long-term storage response. Average germination of seed stored at - 18 and - 196 degrees C did not decline over the 10 yr period, while germination of seed stored at 5 degrees C dropped from 94 to 68%. Variation in moisture content was observed in seed stored at 5 and - 18 degrees C, with no variation noted at the - 196 degrees C-storage temperature. The variation in moisture content may have influenced seed deterioration at the 5 degrees C-storage temperature. It is less likely that the variation in seed moisture content was a contributing factor at the - 18 degrees C-storage temperature. Electrolyte leakage results, an indication of seed membrane integrity, were inconclusive. Average seedling root lengths of 2.8, 5.7, and 6.6 mm and seedling O-2 uptake rates of 124, 156, and 176 pmol mg(-1) min(-1) (5, - 18, and - 196 degrees C storage, respectively) were observed, suggesting less physiological deterioration at the - 196 degrees C-storage temperature. Based on seedling root length, O-2 up-take rates, maintenance of seed moisture content and seed germination, it was concluded that seed deterioration was greater at 5 > - 18 > - 196 degrees C. Maintenance of seed germplasm at 5 degrees C in this experiment was not satisfactory. Liquid nitrogen and - 18 degrees C storage for up to 10 yr was acceptable. Cryopreservation of seed germplasm appeared to result in superior seed vigor compared with the - 18 degrees C storage; however, longer-term experiments are needed to determine if cryopreservation results in extended seed preservation. RP STANWOOD, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 852 EP 856 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800034 ER PT J AU BURNER, DM GRISHAM, MP AF BURNER, DM GRISHAM, MP TI INDUCTION AND STABILITY OF PHENOTYPIC VARIATION IN SUGARCANE AS AFFECTED BY PROPAGATION PROCEDURE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TISSUE-CULTURE; SOMACLONAL VARIATION; CALLUS-CULTURE; ENZYMATIC VARIATION; MARKER CHANGES; PLANTS; SACCHARUM; HYBRID; IMPROVEMENT; RESISTANCE AB Sugarcane (Saccharum L. spp. hybrids) propagated in vitro from shoot tips is generally assumed to be less phenotypically variable than from callus culture. The objectives of this research were to study stalk, milling, and morphological variant characteristics of plants of 'CP 74-383' from callus culture, direct regeneration, shoot tip culture, and conventional bud propagation, and to assess the phenotypic stability after vegetative propagation. Plants were evaluated in plant-cane and first-ratoon crops (Experiment 1). Plants with normal or off-type phenotypes selected from Exp. 1 were similarly evaluated in two successive plant-cane crops (Experiment 2). The frequency of variants was high for all tissue culture CTC) treatments. The frequency of normal TC plants was 10 and 22% in plant-cane and first-ratoon crops, respectively, showing that some variation was transitory. However, phenotypes of normal or off-type selections were stable with vegetative propagation. The TC plants had low mean plant height, stalk diameter, and stalk weight. Normal TC plants and controls (from bud propagation) were similar for stalk number and plant height, but normal selections had thinner, lighter stalks. Treatments did not differ in milling characteristics in either experiment, indicating that morphology was independent of cane composition. The results demonstrated that shoot tip culture of this cultivar induced considerable phenotypic variability. Little useful in-vitro induced variability occurred for important phenotypic characteristics. RP BURNER, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,HOUMA,LA 70361, USA. NR 40 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 875 EP 880 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800038 ER PT J AU WANG, RRC CHEN, JL JOPPA, LR AF WANG, RRC CHEN, JL JOPPA, LR TI PRODUCTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CHROMOSOME-SPECIFIC RAPD MARKERS FOR LANGDON DURUM-WHEAT DISOMIC SUBSTITUTION LINES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; PCR AB Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses were performed with DNA extracted from a complete set of Langdon durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) disomic substitution lines and their parents (Langdon and 'Chinese Spring') with the objective of assigning chromosomal locations for RAPD markers. Seven out of 12 arbitrary decamer primers yielded 11 products that could be assigned to a specific chromosome of the A- or B-genome from Langdon durum or to a D-genome chromosome of Chinese Spring. The 11 RAPD markers were assigned to three A-genome, five B-genome, and one D-genome chromosome. Chinese Spring ditelosomic Lines were used to assign four RAPD markers to specific chromosome arms. Most of the markers were present in both Chinese Spring and Langdon, but one was genotype specific (e.g., J11c was present on Langdon chromosome 1B only). These reproducible RAPD markers of specific wheat chromosomes are additional tools for genome mapping. C1 SHAANXI ACAD AGR SCI,YANGLING,PEOPLES R CHINA. USDA ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES,FARGO,ND 58105. RP WANG, RRC (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 886 EP 888 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800040 ER PT J AU MACKILL, DJ AF MACKILL, DJ TI CLASSIFYING JAPONICA RICE CULTIVARS WITH RAPD MARKERS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EUROPEAN MAIZE INBREDS; ORYZA-SATIVA-L; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MOLECULAR MARKERS; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; FORAGE TRAITS; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISMS; PERFORMANCE AB Two major subspecies of rice (Oryza sativa L.), indica and japonica, are widely recognized. Japonica rice, which includes temperate and upland (tropical) cultivars, has been less well characterized by DNA markers than indica rice. The present study was undertaken to quantify genetic diversity with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in a sample of 134 predominately japonica cultivars and two wild species (O. nivara Sharma et Shastry and O. rufipogon Griffith). Ten oligonucleotide primers produced 30 bands showing clear polymorphisms. The indica and japonica cultivars were classified into separate groups by cluster analysis. Clustering was less pronounced within the japonica group. Tropical japonicas (including U.S. long-grain types) usually clustered together but no firm boundary was found between the tropical and temperate types. Canonical discriminant analysis indicated that the distance between the indica group and each japonica subgroup was approximately equal and was much greater than the distance between the two japonica subgroups. Additional primers led to better resolution of closely related cultivars. Genetic distances estimated from RAPD banding patterns were correlated with those estimated by coefficients of parentage (r = 0.59, P < 0.001). In conclusion, RAPDs are useful for classification of japonica rice cultivars, but many primers will be needed to resolve closely related japonica cultivars. Maximum genetic diversity for gene mapping or exploiting F-1 hybrid vigor within japonica cultivars can be obtained in crosses between selected temperate (or U.S. short and medium grain) and tropical (or U.S. long grain) parents. RP MACKILL, DJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON & RANGE SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. RI Mackill, David/C-6368-2014 OI Mackill, David/0000-0003-4224-6781 NR 35 TC 124 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 889 EP 894 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800041 ER PT J AU YOUNG, LD AF YOUNG, LD TI SOYBEAN GERMPLASM RESISTANT TO RACE-3, RACE-5, OR RACE-14 OF SOYBEAN CYST-NEMATODE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HETERODERA-GLYCINES AB Soybean, Glycine maw (L.) Merr., accessions added to the U.S. soybean germplasm collection since 1980 were evaluated for reaction to Races 3, 5, and 14 of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe. Accessions were evaluated in the greenhouse by inoculation with approximately 1000 H. glycines eggs and enumeration of females developing on roots 35 d after planting. Nineteen accessions were resistant to Race 3, 11 accessions were resistant to Race 5, and two accessions were resistant to Race 14. The PI 467312 was resistant to all three races. These resistant accessions may contain new genes for resistance to this nematode. RP YOUNG, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,605 AIRWAYS BLVD,JACKSON,TN 38301, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 895 EP 896 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800042 ER PT J AU GRIFFIN, JD PALMER, RG AF GRIFFIN, JD PALMER, RG TI VARIABILITY OF 13 ISOZYME LOCI IN THE USDA SOYBEAN GERMPLASM COLLECTIONS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GEOGRAPHICAL PATTERNS; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; INHERITANCE; ELECTROPHORESIS; POPULATIONS; VARIANT AB Surveys of variability at loci that condition simply inherited, phenotypically neutral characters can be used to investigate relationships among accessions in germplasm collections. We performed a survey of isozyme variability among 1005 domesticated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and 258 wild soybean [G. soja (L.) Siebold and Zucc.] accessions from the USDA soybean germplasm collection. By using eight activity stains, we detected polymorphisms conditioned by 13 isozyme loci. The average gene diversity of the Asian G. max accessions in this study was 0.198, while that of the G. soja accessions was 0.235. The relatively high variability of this set of loci made it possible to investigate relationships among groups of accessions from six diverse geographic regions in Asia: China, India and South-Central Asia, Japan, Korea, Manchuria-Siberia, and Southeast Asia. The G. max and G. soja accessions fell into two separate groups, based both on genetic distance and canonical discriminant analysis. Publicly developed soybean cultivars released for production in North America clustered with the G. max accessions from northeast Asia. The group of accessions from India and South-Central Asia was the G. max group most closely related to the G. soja accessions and may include some primitive agronomic types. The group of G. max accessions from Southeast Asia stood out from the other G. max groups. This difference was due to high frequencies of the Aco3-b, Dial, and Enp-a alleles among accessions in Maturity Groups VII through X. The accessions in the later maturity groups may represent a distinct population, relative to the accessions in the earlier maturity groups. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. RP GRIFFIN, JD (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENTOMOL SCI,242 ARG SCI BLDG,MOSCOW,ID 83844, USA. NR 31 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 897 EP 904 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800043 ER PT J AU COX, TS SEARS, RG BEQUETTE, RK MARTIN, TJ AF COX, TS SEARS, RG BEQUETTE, RK MARTIN, TJ TI GERMPLASM ENHANCEMENT IN WINTER-WHEAT X TRITICUM-TAUSCHII BACKCROSS POPULATIONS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HEXAPLOID WHEAT; AEGILOPS-SQUARROSA; RESISTANCE; MARKERS AB Backcross populations derived from direct hybrids between common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and the wild diploid T. tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. have utility for germplasm evaluation, but also can furnish genetic material directly into a germplasm-enhancement program. Three hundred ninety-one BC2F2-derived lines from winter wheat x T. tauschii crosses were selected on the basis of disease resistance and general phenotype from populations undergoing field evaluation to determine whether resistant lines agronomically similar or superior to their recurrent parents could be developed. The selected backcross lines were evaluated for yield and grain-quality traits under light to moderate infection by leaf rust (caused by Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici Rob. ex Desm.) and heavy infection by wheat soilborne mosaic and spindle-streak mosaic viruses at two locations in 1991. Approximately 50% of the lines were selected for further field evaluation at two locations in 1992, and three lines were entered in advanced yield trials in a total of eight environments in 1992 and 1993. At all stages of selection, BC2F2-derived Lines were identified with disease resistance, grain yield, and grain quality superior to those of their recurrent parents. Lines differing from their recurrent parents in grain yield, either positively or negatively, occurred in both the disease-resistant and disease-susceptible classes. In advanced yield trials where leaf rust did not affect grain yield, leaf rust-resistant BC2F2-derived lines yielded similarly to their recurrent parents and to cultivars currently grown commercially over large areas. Despite the wide differences in phenotype between common wheat and T. tauschii, two backcrosses were sufficient to transfer resistance genes while almost the wheat parent's phenotype. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT GRAIN SCI,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV,HAYS BRANCH EXP,HAYS,KS 67601. RP COX, TS (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,THROCKMORTON HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 17 TC 35 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 913 EP 919 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800045 ER PT J AU OUENDEBA, B EJETA, G HANNA, WW KUMAR, AK AF OUENDEBA, B EJETA, G HANNA, WW KUMAR, AK TI DIVERSITY AMONG AFRICAN PEARL-MILLET LANDRACE POPULATIONS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is widely grown in arid to semi-arid regions of Africa. The crop is particularly adapted to Sahelian West Africa where landraces have evolved in different ecological niches. These landraces have accumulated interpopulation diversity that has not been characterized. Evaluation of genetic diversity is a prerequisite for successful germplasm exploitation through breeding. The objective of this study was to characterize morphological and agronomic variability among African landrace populations of pearl millet. Ten pearl millet landrace populations widely grown in several African countries and two experimental F-1 hybrids were evaluated at two locations in Niger during the 1989 rainy season. Thirteen characters (downy mildew [Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc,) Schroetl incidence, days to flowering, primary spike length, peduncle exsertion, spike girth, Bag leaf width, stem diameter, spike number per plant, non-productive tillers per plant, plant height, spike yield per plot, grain yield per plot, and 1000-seed weight) were measured on six replicates of each landrace populations. In the pooled analysis, all landrace populations were significantly different for one or more of the characters evaluated. The Niger landrace populations showed much less variation than the other African landrace populations for most characters investigated. Ward's cluster and principal component analyses were used to investigate the nature and degree of divergence in the landrace populations. The cluster analyses revealed similarities between Niger and Senegal and between Niger and Nigerian landrace populations. Four principal components were found to explain 92% of the total variation. Days to flowering, plant height, stem diameter, primary spike length, and grain and spike yield per plot were the major sources of diversity among the landrace populations. These results could be useful in choosing potentially heterotic pearl millet populations for intercrossing to develop improved cultivars, synthetics, and hybrids for use in Africa. C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. INT CROPS RES INST SEMI ARID TROP,SAHELIAN CTR,NIAMEY,NIGER. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 919 EP 924 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800046 ER PT J AU JONES, TA AF JONES, TA TI A PROBABILITY METHOD FOR COMPARING TEST VARIETIES WITH A CHECK - RESPONSE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT MATH & STAT,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP JONES, TA (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 934 EP 936 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800051 ER PT J AU DEWALD, CL SIMS, PL BERG, WA AF DEWALD, CL SIMS, PL BERG, WA TI REGISTRATION OF WW-B DAHL OLD-WORLD BLUESTEM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP DEWALD, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,2000 18TH ST,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 937 EP 937 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800052 ER PT J AU BAENZIGER, PS MORENOSEVILLA, B PETERSON, CJ SCHMIDT, JW SHELTON, DR BALTENSPERGER, DD NELSON, LA MCVEY, DV WATKINS, JE HATCHETT, JH AF BAENZIGER, PS MORENOSEVILLA, B PETERSON, CJ SCHMIDT, JW SHELTON, DR BALTENSPERGER, DD NELSON, LA MCVEY, DV WATKINS, JE HATCHETT, JH TI REGISTRATION OF ALLIANCE WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP BAENZIGER, PS (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 938 EP 938 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800053 ER PT J AU OHM, HW SHANER, G BUECHLEY, G ALDRIDGE, WG BOSTWICK, DE RATCLIFFE, RH AF OHM, HW SHANER, G BUECHLEY, G ALDRIDGE, WG BOSTWICK, DE RATCLIFFE, RH TI REGISTRATION OF INO92O1 SPRING OAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. ASGROW SEED CO INC,KALAMAZOO,MI 49001. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PLANT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP OHM, HW (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 940 EP 940 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800056 ER PT J AU BALTENSPERGER, DD NELSON, LA FRICKEL, GE ANDERSON, RL AF BALTENSPERGER, DD NELSON, LA FRICKEL, GE ANDERSON, RL TI REGISTRATION OF HUNTSMAN PROSE MILLET SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,CENT GREAT PLAINS RES STN,AKRON,CO 80720. RP BALTENSPERGER, DD (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,PANHANDLE RES & EXT CTR,SCOTTSBLUFF,NE 69361, USA. NR 1 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 941 EP 941 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800057 ER PT J AU BURKE, DW SILBERNAGEL, MJ KRAFT, JM KOEHLER, HH AF BURKE, DW SILBERNAGEL, MJ KRAFT, JM KOEHLER, HH TI REGISTRATION OF VICTOR PINK BEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXT CTR,PROSSER,WA 99350. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 942 EP 942 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800060 ER PT J AU BURKE, DW SILBERNAGEL, MJ KRAFT, JM KOEHLER, HH AF BURKE, DW SILBERNAGEL, MJ KRAFT, JM KOEHLER, HH TI REGISTRATION OF HYDEN PEA BEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP BURKE, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXT CTR,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 942 EP 942 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800059 ER PT J AU BURKE, DW SILBERNAGEL, MJ KRAFT, JM KOEHLER, HH AF BURKE, DW SILBERNAGEL, MJ KRAFT, JM KOEHLER, HH TI REGISTRATION OF HAROLD PINK BEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXT CTR,PROSSER,WA 99350. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 4 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 943 EP 943 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800062 ER PT J AU BURKE, DW SILBERNAGEL, MJ KRAFT, JM KOEHLER, HH AF BURKE, DW SILBERNAGEL, MJ KRAFT, JM KOEHLER, HH TI REGISTRATION OF OTHELLO PINTO BEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID COMMON MOSAIC-VIRUS C1 USDA ARS,IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXT CTR,PROSSER,WA 99350. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 6 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 943 EP 943 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800061 ER PT J AU BURKE, DW SILBERNAGEL, MJ KRAFT, JM KOEHLER, HH AF BURKE, DW SILBERNAGEL, MJ KRAFT, JM KOEHLER, HH TI REGISTRATION OF KARDINAL LIGHT RED KIDNEY BEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP BURKE, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXT CTR,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 944 EP 944 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800064 ER PT J AU BURKE, DW SILBERNAGEL, MJ KRAFT, JM KOEHLER, HH AF BURKE, DW SILBERNAGEL, MJ KRAFT, JM KOEHLER, HH TI REGISTRATION OF KAMIAKIN LIGHT RED KIDNEY BEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXT CTR,PROSSER,WA 99350. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 944 EP 944 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800063 ER PT J AU BURKE, DW MEINERS, JP SILBERNAGEL, MJ KRAFT, JM KOEHLER, HH AF BURKE, DW MEINERS, JP SILBERNAGEL, MJ KRAFT, JM KOEHLER, HH TI REGISTRATION OF PINTO GH-196 AND JM-126, PINK UNS-117 AND 6R-42, AND GREAT NORTHERN JM-24 DRY BEAN GERMPLASMS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXT CTR,PROSSER,WA 99350. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 945 EP 945 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800065 ER PT J AU BURKE, DW MEINERS, JP SILBERNAGEL, MJ KRAFT, JM KOEHLER, HH AF BURKE, DW MEINERS, JP SILBERNAGEL, MJ KRAFT, JM KOEHLER, HH TI REGISTRATION OF 3 RED KIDNEY BEAN GERMPLASMS - K-42, K-59, AND K-407 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXT CTR,PROSSER,WA 99350. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 945 EP 946 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800066 ER PT J AU DONEY, DL AF DONEY, DL TI REGISTRATION OF 4 SUGAR-BEET GERMPLASMS - Y317, Y318, Y322, AND Y387 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP DONEY, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,POB 5677,UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 947 EP 947 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QW748 UT WOS:A1995QW74800068 ER PT J AU REED, BM YU, XL AF REED, BM YU, XL TI CRYOPRESERVATION OF IN VITRO-GROWN GOOSEBERRY AND CURRANT MERISTEMS SO CRYO-LETTERS LA English DT Article DE CRYOPRESERVATION; RIBES; CURRANTS; GOOSEBERRIES; VITRIFICATION; ENCAPSULATION-DEHYDRATION; SLOW-FREEZING ID SHOOT TIPS; APICAL MERISTEMS; LIQUID-NITROGEN; VITRIFICATION; SURVIVAL; PEAR AB Apical meristems from in vitro-grown plants of currant and gooseberry (Ribes) germplasm were successfully cryopreserved using a variety of techniques. Modifications of slow freezing, vitrification and encapsulation-dehydration were compared. Slow freezing at 0.3 or 0.5 degrees C/min following pregrowth on 5% DMSO and cryoprotection with PGD produced moderate to high survival. Vitrification in PVS2 following pregrowth on sorbitol and a 20-minute pretreatment resulted in low to moderate survival, while pregrowth on 5% DMSO improved survival for two of the three genotypes tested. Modification of the vitrification procedure with a pretreatment similar to that used in slow freezing was not effective. Encapsulation-dehydration with an 18-hour preculture with 0.75 M sucrose and 3 hrs of dehydration was very effective. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP REED, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,33447 PEORIA RD,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 15 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU CRYO LETTERS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 7 WOOTTON WAY, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB3 9LX SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYO-LETT JI CRYO-LETT. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 16 IS 3 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA RC662 UT WOS:A1995RC66200002 ER PT J AU KEMPKEN, F HOFKEN, G PRING, DR AF KEMPKEN, F HOFKEN, G PRING, DR TI ANALYSIS OF SILENT RNA EDITING SITES IN ATP6 TRANSCRIPTS OF SORGHUM-BICOLOR SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE ATP6; SILENT RNA EDITING; SORGHUM BICOLOR ID MITOCHONDRIAL ATP6; OENOTHERA; SEQUENCES AB We have observed numerous examples of silent or rare non-silent editing sites in the amino-extension and part of the conserved core of mitochondrial atp6 transcripts of Sorghum. In this region of the 1.4-kb atp6-2 mRNA (position 300 to 550) two editing sites, which alter the amino-acid sequence and occur in all cDNAs analysed, were already known, while nine others were found which are silent or occur in a few mRNAs only. Many aspects of RNA editing in the mitochondria of higher plants are still unknown. This includes the influence of genomic background or silent RNA editing, We were interested in the influence of nuclear and mitochondrial backgrounds on RNA editing, Previous preliminary results indicated the possibility of line-specific editing at silent sites. However, a more comprehensive approach gave no consistent evidence for such editing. These results are discussed with respect to their potential impact on the evolution of mitochondrial genes. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP KEMPKEN, F (reprint author), RUHR UNIV BOCHUM,LEHRSTUHL ALLGEMEINE BOT,D-44780 BOCHUM,GERMANY. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 27 IS 6 BP 555 EP 558 DI 10.1007/BF00314447 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA RB416 UT WOS:A1995RB41600011 PM 7553941 ER PT J AU HIPKINS, VD MARSHALL, KA NEALE, DB ROTTMANN, WH STRAUSS, SH AF HIPKINS, VD MARSHALL, KA NEALE, DB ROTTMANN, WH STRAUSS, SH TI A MUTATION HOTSPOT IN THE CHLOROPLAST GENOME OF A CONIFER (DOUGLAS-FIR, PSEUDOTSUGA) IS CAUSED BY VARIABILITY IN THE NUMBER OF DIRECT REPEATS DERIVED FROM A PARTIALLY DUPLICATED TRANSFER-RNA GENE SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE PINACEAE; LENGTH MUTATION; REPETITIVE DNA; CHLOROPLAST DNA ID GYMNOSPERM PINUS-CONTORTA; TRANSFER-RNA GENES; INTERGENIC REGION; LENGTH MUTATIONS; INVERTED REPEAT; DNA; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES; DELETION; RECOMBINATION AB We determined the DNA sequence of a 2.7-kb cpDNA XbaI fragment from douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France]. RFLPs revealed by the 2.7-kb XbaI clone were observed to vary up to 1 kb among species within the genus Pseudotsuga and up to 200 bp among trees of P. menziesii. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allowed the locus of polymorphism to be identified, and the variable region was then sequenced in a second Douglas-fir tree, a single tree of a related species, Japanese Douglas-fir (P. japonica), and in a species lacking a mutation hotspot in the region, Pinus radiata (Monterey pine), The locus of polymorphism is characterized by hundreds of base pairs of imperfect, tandem direct repeats flanked by a partially duplicated and an intact trnY-GUA gene, The duplication is direct in orientation and consists of 43 bp of the 3' end of trnY and 25 bp of its 3' flanking sequence. Tandem repeats show high sequence similarity to a 27-bp region of the trnY gene that overlaps one end of the duplication. The two trees of Douglas-fir sequenced differed by a single tandem repeat unit, whereas these trees differed from the Japanese Douglas-fir sequenced by approximately 34 repeat units, Repetitive DNA in the Pseudotsuga cpDNA hotspot was most likely generated at the time of the partial trnY gene duplication and these sequences expanded by slipped-strand mispairing and unequal crossing-over. C1 PACIFIC SW RES STN,BERKELEY,CA 94701. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP HIPKINS, VD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NATL FOREST GENET ELECTROPHORESIS LAB,2375 FRUITRIDGE RD,CAMINO,CA 95709, USA. NR 35 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 27 IS 6 BP 572 EP 579 DI 10.1007/BF00314450 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA RB416 UT WOS:A1995RB41600014 PM 7553944 ER PT J AU CAREY, AB JOHNSON, ML AF CAREY, AB JOHNSON, ML TI SMALL MAMMALS IN MANAGED, NATURALLY YOUNG, AND OLD-GROWTH FORESTS SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE CLETHRIONOMYS; FOREST ECOLOGY; HABITAT; MAMMAL COMMUNITIES; MICROHABITAT; MICROTUS; NEUROTRICHUS; OLD GROWTH; OLYMPIC PENINSULA; OREGON; PEROMYSCUS; SILVICULTURE; SOREX; WASHINGTON ID COASTAL CONIFEROUS FOREST; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; DOUGLAS-FIR; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; MICROTUS-OREGONI; WESTERN OREGON; POPULATIONS; TRAP; ECOSYSTEMS; STREAMSIDE AB Forest managers in the Pacific Northwest are faced with new challenges of providing for all wildlife in managed forests. Our objective was to elucidate the factors governing the composition and biomass of forest floor mammal communities that are amenable to management. We sampled small mammal communities in forests of various management histories on the Olympic Peninsula and contrasted our results with those of other large studies in the Pacific Northwest. Forest floor mammal communities in forests >35 yr old in the Western Hemlock Zone of Washington and Oregon are composed of 5-8 characteristic species. These include Sorex trowbridgii (numerically the most dominant); one species each of Clethrionomys, the Sorex vagrans complex, and Peromyscus; and Neurotrichus gibbsii. Species composition changes from south to north, and the communities on the Olympic Peninsula contain two or three additional species compared to communities to the south. Communities in naturally regenerated and clearcutting regenerated (managed) young forests are similar in composition to those in old growth; old growth, however, supports 1.5 times more individuals and biomass than managed forest. Community diversity seems related to the south-north moisture-temperature gradient that is reflected in increased diversity of canopy conifers, development of forest floor litter layers, accumulation of coarse woody debris, and abundance of herbs, deciduous shrubs, and shade-tolerant seedlings (as opposed to understories dominated by evergreen shrubs). Previous work found few habitat variables that were good predictors of species abundance in natural young and old-growth stands. Naturally regenerated young stands had higher levels of coarse woody debris than old growth. Managed stands had much lower abundance of coarse woody debris and tall shrubs than old growth. Understory vegetation (herbs and shrubs) and coarse woody debris accounted for a major part of the variation in abundance of six of eight species in managed stands, but only two species in old growth. Management of Western Hemlock Zone forest for conservation of biodiversity and restoration of old-growth conditions should concentrate on providing multispecies canopies, coarse woody debris, and well-developed understories. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,BURKE MEM MUSEUM,SEATTLE,WA 98185. RP CAREY, AB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,OLYMPIA,WA 98502, USA. NR 83 TC 226 Z9 245 U1 6 U2 65 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI TEMPE PA ARIZONA STATE UNIV CENTER ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, TEMPE, AZ 85287 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 336 EP 352 DI 10.2307/1942026 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QY378 UT WOS:A1995QY37800012 ER PT J AU GOVE, JH PATIL, GP TAILLIE, C AF GOVE, JH PATIL, GP TAILLIE, C TI A MATHEMATICAL-PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR MAINTAINING STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY IN UNEVEN-AGED FOREST STANDS WITH IMPLICATIONS TO OTHER FORMULATIONS SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE DIVERSITY; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING ID MANAGEMENT AB A mathematical programming model is presented which yields an optimal diameter distribution that is at least as diverse as some antecedent or target distribution. At the heart of this model is a set of constraints that ensures this outcome as long as a feasible solution to the model is found. The theory of intrinsic diversity ordering, which forms the basis for the constraint set derivation, is also discussed. The set of diversity-maintaining constraints presented are completely general and may be added to other mathematical programming formulations where quantities other than horizontal structural diversity are of interest. Two examples are given which illustrate the use of the model. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,CTR STAT ECOL & ENVIRONM STAT,DEPT STAT,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP GOVE, JH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 640,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 79 IS 1-3 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(94)00044-I PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QV047 UT WOS:A1995QV04700002 ER PT J AU OLSON, RL SEQUEIRA, RA AF OLSON, RL SEQUEIRA, RA TI AN EMERGENT COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS; HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIPS ID COMPUTER-MODEL; SYSTEM; MANAGEMENT; EVOLUTION; HABITAT; GROWTH; LIFE AB Despite success in theory formulation and prediction of quantities and patterns in nature, traditional modeling approaches have not proven particularly valuable as ''surrogate experimental systems'' in applied ecology. Theoretical models, while useful as embodiments of ecological theory, are too simplistic to be effective surrogate systems. Although simulation models can represent systems of realistic complexity, they are limited by factors which arise from the way in which they are built. We propose an alternative paradigm for modeling biotic systems which promises to enhance their usefulness as surrogate experimental systems. This paradigm is based on the premise that dynamic behavior in biotic systems emerges from the low-level interactions of independent agents. It forms the basis for the new field of artificial life (ALife), which involves the study of life-like behavior in artificial systems. In an ALife model, the target biological system is modeled as a population of independent computer programs called machines. The complete behavioral repertoire of each individual, including its interaction with others, is specified within the entity itself. A spatially-referenced ''environment'' is provided within which the machines interact with each other and their local environment. There is no overall controlling program or agent. Thus, the overall behavior of the system emerges from local interactions between independent agents. In this paper, we examine the premises upon which ALife is based (including the concept of emergence) and discuss several examples of ALife models at ecological scales, which we call ''artifical ecosystems''. We next introduce LAGER, an environment for producing and running artificial ecosystems. Finally, we present PARE, a host/parasitoid dynamics model built in LAGER, and compare its behavior to two similar systems in the literature. RP OLSON, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 65 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 79 IS 1-3 BP 95 EP 120 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(93)E0124-L PG 26 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QV047 UT WOS:A1995QV04700010 ER PT J AU URI, ND AF URI, ND TI ENERGY SCARCITY AND ECONOMIC-GROWTH RECONSIDERED SO ENERGY SOURCES LA English DT Article DE COAL; CRUDE OIL; ECONOMIC GROWTH; NATURAL GAS; RESOURCE SCARCITY ID NATURAL-RESOURCE SCARCITY; TIME-SERIES REGRESSION; COINTEGRATION TECHNIQUES; ASYMPTOTIC PROPERTIES; UNIT-ROOT; LONG-RUN; DEMAND; POWER; TESTS AB This analysis is concerned with the effect of energy scarcity on economic growth in the United States. After defining the notion of scarcity and introducing two measures of scarcity, namely unit costs and relative energy price, changes in the trend in resource scarcity are investigated for natural gas, bituminous coal, anthracite coal and crude oil over the most recent three decades. Each of the energy resources became significantly more scarce during the decade of the 1970s in the Malthusian stock scarcity and Malthusian flow scarcity sense. Unit costs exhibit a similar change for natural gas and crude oil bur not for bituminous coal and anthracite coal. The situation reversed itself during the 1980s. Natural gas, bituminous coal, anthracite coal, and crude oil all became significantly less scarce during the 1980s than the 1970s. That is, the increase in scarcity as measured by relative energy prices observed during the 1970s was not reversed completely during the 1980s for natural gas and crude oil. Unit costs for natural gas and crude oil demonstrate analogous patterns and test results. Given that change has taken place, it has implications for future economic growth to the extent that resource scarcity and economic growth are interrelated To see whether this is a relevant concern, subsequent to the examination of changing trends in resource scarcity, an objective effort is made to identify a long-nln equilibrium relationship between energy scarcity and economic growth. Relying on cointegration techniques, only for crude oil is there a suggestion that resource scarcity has affected economic growth in the United States over the period 1889-1992. RP URI, ND (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM,PMTD,ROOM 428,1302 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0090-8312 J9 ENERG SOURCE JI Energy Sources PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 17 IS 3 BP 277 EP 294 DI 10.1080/00908319508946083 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA RD954 UT WOS:A1995RD95400001 ER PT J AU PAYNE, JA BERLOCHER, SH AF PAYNE, JA BERLOCHER, SH TI PHENOLOGICAL AND ELECTROPHORETIC EVIDENCE FOR A NEW BLUEBERRY-INFESTING SPECIES IN THE RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA SIBLING SPECIES COMPLEX SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Note DE DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; RHAGOLETIS; SYMPATRIC SPECIATION ID APPLE MAGGOT FLY; TEPHRITIDAE; POPULATIONS; DIPTERA C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ENTOMOL,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 75 IS 2 BP 183 EP 187 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RD633 UT WOS:A1995RD63300011 ER PT J AU COLE, DN AF COLE, DN TI DISTURBANCE OF NATURAL VEGETATION BY CAMPING - EXPERIMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF LOW-LEVEL STRESS SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CAMPSITES; ECOLOGICAL IMPACT; RESISTANCE; VEGETATION IMPACT; WILDERNESS ID COMMUNITIES; IMPACTS; USA AB Previously undisturbed sites in four different vegetation types were camped on for one night and for four nights. Changes in vegetation cover and vegetation height were measured after camping and one year later. Results are presented separately for different campsite zones-parts of the site where campers slept, cooked meals, and stored their packs. Just one night of camping was sufficient to cause evident impact in all four vegetation types, although the amount of impact varied significantly between zones and between vegetation types. Vegetation impact on campsites used four nights was generally less than twice as severe as impact on the sites used one night. The effects of camping on vegetation were also predicted for 12 other vegetation types on the basis of vegetational responses to experimental trampling. These results suggest that impact can almost always be minimized by confining camping to a small number of campsites instead of dispersing use across many campsites. RP COLE, DN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ALDO LEOPOLD WILDERNESS RES INST,POB 8089,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3 BP 405 EP 416 DI 10.1007/BF02471982 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QR833 UT WOS:A1995QR83300009 ER PT J AU FRAEDRICH, SW MILLER, T AF FRAEDRICH, SW MILLER, T TI MYCOFLORA ASSOCIATED WITH SLASH-PINE SEEDS FROM CONES COLLECTED AT SEED ORCHARDS AND CONE-PROCESSING FACILITIES IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN USA SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPHAEROPSIS-SAPINEA; INFECTION AB A diverse mycoflora was associated with slash-pine seeds from cones obtained at seed orchards and cone-processing facilities in the southeastern USA. Potentially pathogenic fungi, including Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Sphaeropsis sapinea, and Fusarium spp., were isolated from seeds of cones obtained at all locations. Fusarium proliferatum and F. semitectum were the Fusarium spp. most often associated with seeds; F. subglutinanas was rarely isolated. Many other species of fungi were associated with seeds from all locations. Incidence of fungus-damaged seeds ranged from 2 to 11% among collection sites. Disease incidence was found to increase during cone storage. Types of fungi and the incidence of fungus-damaged seeds were similar for damaged/discoloured cones and apparently healthy cones. The potential for slash-pine seeds to become colonized by pathogenic fungi, such as S. sapinea and the various Fusarium spp., could have important implications for the establishment of these fungi in forest-tree nurseries, as well as their introduction into foreign countries. C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,GAINESVILLE,FL. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0300-1237 J9 EUR J FOREST PATHOL JI Eur. J. Forest Pathol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 25 IS 2 BP 73 EP 82 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RA930 UT WOS:A1995RA93000002 ER PT J AU WELZ, HG LEONARD, KJ AF WELZ, HG LEONARD, KJ TI GAMETIC PHASE DISEQUILIBRIA IN POPULATIONS OF RACE-2 AND RACE-3 OF COCHLIOBOLUS-CARBONUM SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIPOLARIS ZEICOLA; MAIZE; MULTILOCUS HAPLOTYPES; NORTHERN CORN LEAF SPOT; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; ZEA MAYS ID NORTH-CAROLINA; BIPOLARIS-ZEICOLA; CORN; PATHOGENICITY AB Over 3 years 15 samples of C. carbonum were collected from 11 corn fields in North Carolina and Tennessee. Among 514 isolates of race 2 and 319 isolates of race 3, five phenotypic characters (mating type, production of pseudothecia, production of asci and ascospores, tolerance to cycloheximide and carboxin, respectively) that are controlled by single genes at unlinked loci (Mat, Psu, Asc, Cyh, Crb) were examined. Gametic phase disequilibrium (GPD) was analyzed by three methods. First, observed and expected four-locus haplotype frequencies were compared in G-tests for goodness of fit (method 1) and second, four-locus disequilibrium was calculated using an index of association which is based on the variance of the number of loci at which two isolates in a given population differ (method 2). Third, observed and expected frequencies of allele pairs were compared in 2 x 2 contingency tables (method 3). Each test was performed on individual and pooled samples which also allowed assessment of heterogeneity among samples. In general this heterogeneity was low, i.e. the consistency of associations among samples was high. Four-locus disequilibrium was significant in race 2 with method 1 but not with method 2. In race 3 we found no disequilibrium with any of the two methods. Method 3 indicated that several allele pairs were significantly associated in race 2 but not race 3. Thus GPD was significant in race 2 but not in race 3. Mating type frequencies were close to 0.50 in race 2 and race 3. This and the non-significant index of association indicate that the sexual stage of C. carbonum is operating within each of the two race populations. It is suggested that selection favours different haplotypes in the asexual than in the sexual stage of the pathogen. Such disruptive selection may have maintained polymorphisms of genes related to sexual fertility and stabilized gene frequencies in C. carbonum over a period of 15 years (1972-1987). C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP WELZ, HG (reprint author), UNIV HOHENHEIM,INST PLANT BREEDING SEEDS SCI & POPULAT GENET,D-70593 STUTTGART,GERMANY. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 101 IS 3 BP 301 EP 310 DI 10.1007/BF01874786 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA RC416 UT WOS:A1995RC41600009 ER PT J AU VOSS, KA CHAMBERLAIN, WJ BACON, CW RILEY, RT NORRED, WP AF VOSS, KA CHAMBERLAIN, WJ BACON, CW RILEY, RT NORRED, WP TI SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY OF FUMONISIN B-1 TO MALE AND FEMALE RATS SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International IUPAC (International-Union-of-Pure-and-Applied-Chemistry) Symposium on Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins CY NOV 06-13, 1992 CL MEXICO CITY, MEXICO SP Int Union Pure & Appl Chem DE FUMONISINS; HEPATOXICITY; NEPHROTOXICITY; SPHINGOLIPIDS AB Fumonisins are a class of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme and other Fusarium spp. These compounds are widely distributed in corn. Equine leukoencephalomalacia, pulmonary oedema in swine, and nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and liver cancer in male rats, all of which are caused by toxic F. moniliforme, have been experimentally reproduced using fumisin B-1 (FB1) (ca 90-94% purity). To investigate the effect of purified (greater than or equal to 99% purity) FB1, to compare the effects of FB1 in males and females, and to obtain dose-response information for FB1, three rats per sex were fed diets containing 0, 15, 50 or 150 FB1 for 4 weeks. Serum chemical, organ weight and histopathological evidence showed that 150 mg/kg FB1 was hepatotoxic in both sexes. Nephrosis was found in males fed greater than or equal to 15 mg/kg and females fed greater than or equal to 50 mg/kg FB1. Altered sphingolipid profiles, specifically increased free sphinganine concentrations and increased sphinganine: sphingosine ratios, were found in the liver, kidney, serum and urine of FB1-fed rats. These findings support the hypothesis that in vivo toxicity caused by fumonisins may result from altered sphingolipid metabolism. RP VOSS, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0265-203X J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM JI Food Addit. Contam. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 12 IS 3 BP 473 EP 478 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA RC657 UT WOS:A1995RC65700027 PM 7664945 ER PT J AU DOWD, PF AF DOWD, PF TI SAP BEETLES AND MYCOTOXINS IN MAIZE SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International IUPAC (International-Union-of-Pure-and-Applied-Chemistry) Symposium on Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins CY NOV 06-13, 1992 CL MEXICO CITY, MEXICO SP Int Union Pure & Appl Chem DE AFLATOXIN; ASPERGILLUS; FUSARIUM; MAIZE; CARPOPHILUS AB Sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) are important in vectoring mycotoxigenic species of Aspergillus and Fusarium to maize. Species examined are attracted to fungal and maize volatiles, and are resistant to most mycotoxins compared to maize ear-infesting caterpillars. They will invade ears damaged by birds or caterpillars or those ears that have poor husk coverage. An integrated control programme for these insects under development presently includes pheromones and host coattractants for trapping; identification and dispersal of pathogenic nematodes and fungi; identification of maize varieties cross-resistant to mycotoxigenic fungi and other insects, and the potential mechanisms involved; and formulations of insecticides for single treatment, low active ingredient, selective control of insect pests of ears including sap beetles and caterpillars that preserve naturally occurring predators and parasites. Autoinoculative devices are also being tested to use sap beetles to deliver biocompetitors of mycotoxigenic fungi to maize. RP DOWD, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0265-203X J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM JI Food Addit. Contam. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 12 IS 3 BP 497 EP 508 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA RC657 UT WOS:A1995RC65700031 PM 7664949 ER PT J AU LORIO, PL STEPHEN, FM PAINE, TD AF LORIO, PL STEPHEN, FM PAINE, TD TI ENVIRONMENT AND ONTOGENY MODIFY LOBLOLLY-PINE RESPONSE TO INDUCED ACUTE WATER DEFICITS AND BARK BEETLE ATTACK SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS; PINUS TAEDA; WATER POTENTIAL; GROWTH; DIFFERENTIATION ID DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS COLEOPTERA; CERATOCYSTIS-MINOR; CAMBIAL GROWTH; SCOLYTIDAE; RESISTANCE; POPULATIONS; MORTALITY; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; FUNGI AB We evaluated the impact of tree resistance on within-tree population dynamics of southern pine beetle, Dendroctunus frontalis Zimm. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., as affected by prevailing water regimes, acute water deficits imposed by applying dry-ice (solid CO2) collars to tree boles, and by the seasonal ontogeny of pines. We conducted the study in the spring of 1986, when bole cambial growth had not yet shifted from earlywood to latewood formation, and in the summer of 1987, when latewood formation was well advanced. In each year there were five treated and five control trees. In 1986, under relatively well-watered conditions, results did not support the hypothesis that induced acute water deficit will enhance success of southern pine beetle attack and brood production. All trees were readily attacked and overcome with no apparent beneficial effects of the dry-ice treatment on within-tree population dynamics. In 1987, under drier conditions, results supported the hypothesis. Treated trees again were readily colonized, but three of the five control trees resisted attack to the extent that all attacks eventually failed. In 1986, all study trees maintained relatively high water potentials for more than 3 weeks following beetle attack. However, resin yields from bark wounds decreased rapidly. In contrast, water potentials of controls decreased gradually in 1987 and resin yields increased as controls resisted beetle attacks. Water potential of treated trees dropped rapidly 2 weeks after initial beetle attack, and resin yields decreased rapidly, as they did in 1986. Consideration of environmental conditions and ontogenetic stage of host trees is extremely important in attempts to assess the effects of manipulative treatments on tree susceptibility to beetle attacks. Further, they illustrate the dynamic nature of tree resistance to beetle attack in the absence of abnormal stresses. Simultaneous study of environmental conditions, as well as physiological changes associated with ontogeny of trees, can effectively support research on interactions between bark beetles and host trees. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT ENTOMOL,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT ENTOMOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP LORIO, PL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,2500 SHREVEPORT HIGHWAY,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 48 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 73 IS 1-3 BP 97 EP 110 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(94)03500-V PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RE162 UT WOS:A1995RE16200008 ER PT J AU PARRESOL, BR AF PARRESOL, BR TI BASAL AREA GROWTH FOR 15 TROPICAL TREE SPECIES IN PUERTO-RICO SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE TABONUCO; CHAPMAN-RICHARDS FUNCTION; PERIODIC ANNUAL INCREMENT; CROWN CLASS; TOPOGRAPHIC POSITION; DEGREE OF GROUND INCLINE ID RICHARDS AB The tabonuco forests of Puerto Rico support a diverse population of tree species valued for timber, fuel, food, wildlife food and cover, and erosion control among other uses. Tree basal area growth data spanning 39 years are available on 15 species from eight permanent plots in the Luquillo Experimental Forest. The complexity of the rain forest challenges current forest stand modeling techniques. As a starting point individual tree basal area growth is modeled using the Chapman-Richards function constrained for hypothetical maximum tree size. In addition to initial tree diameter or basal area, significant explanatory variables are crown class, topographic position and degree of ground incline, Plots illustrate the differing growth patterns of the 15 tropical mixed/moist forest species. Two species exhibit exceptional growth. Buchenavia capitata (Vahl) Eichl. has basal area growth peaking at 87 cm(2) year(-1). The Manilkara bidentata (A. DC.) A. Chev. data show growth rates in excess of 60 cm(2) year(-1) and the Chapman-Richards function indicates growth potential to a peak of 122 cm(2) year(-1). RP PARRESOL, BR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,ROOM T-10210,USPS BLDG,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 73 IS 1-3 BP 211 EP 219 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(94)03486-G PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RE162 UT WOS:A1995RE16200017 ER PT J AU MOIR, WH MOWRER, HT AF MOIR, WH MOWRER, HT TI UNSUSTAINABILITY SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE UNCERTAINTY; PREDICTABILITY; CHAOS; PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE; SURPRISE ID STRESSED ECOSYSTEMS; CHAOS AB In natural resource management, wise decisions must result in desired ecosystem conditions that are sustained over indefinitely long periods. Thus, the concept of sustainability is an important consideration in management decisions. In many cases, our understanding of whether or not sustainable conditions will result from a management decision is based on long-term projections from computer models. Although these models are theoretically based and statistically calibrated, they usually fail to account for uncertainty in the underlying assumptions, in the statistical calibration, and in the values used to initiate projections. Moreover, given our current level of knowledge of ecosystem behavior, results from even our best models may appear to indicate sustainable conditions, but cannot measure or incorporate probabilities of increasing stochasticity, critical threshold or extreme value events and surprises, or chaotic (dynamical) system behavior. For now, this unanticipated uncertainty can be adequately managed by accurately discounting present resource values, analyzing activities at appropriate temporal and spacial scales, maintaining biological diversity, and avoiding extreme impacts that can create overcompensating feedbacks. RP MOIR, WH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 51 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 73 IS 1-3 BP 239 EP 248 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(94)03478-F PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RE162 UT WOS:A1995RE16200020 ER PT J AU FULLER, JJ ROSS, RJ DRAMM, JR AF FULLER, JJ ROSS, RJ DRAMM, JR TI NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF HONEYCOMB AND SURFACE CHECKS IN RED OAK LUMBER SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB Honeycomb and closed surface checks are types of lumber drying defects that can go undetected and result in considerable losses during further processing of the lumber into high-quality products. This paper summarizes the results of an experiment that investigated the use of ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques to detect honeycomb and surface checks in red oak lumber. Dried 1-1/4-inch- (30-mm-) thick red oak specimens were analyzed using ultrasonic through transmission NDE. A strong relationship was observed between the occurrence of honeycomb and surface checks and excessively long sound transmission times. Hence, this technique shows strong promise to detect honeycomb and surface checks in lumber. RP FULLER, JJ (reprint author), FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 45 IS 5 BP 42 EP 44 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA QY904 UT WOS:A1995QY90400003 ER PT J AU HARRIS, RA ARAMAN, PA AF HARRIS, RA ARAMAN, PA TI THE CORRELATION BETWEEN GREEN DENSITY AND THE OCCURRENCE OF HONEYCOMB IN KILN-DRIED RED OAK LUMBER SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB Fresh-cut, 5/4 red oak (Quercus sp.) boards were weighed, measured to determine volume and then kiln-dried to determine if the initial green density (green weight/green volume) was correlated to the occurrence of honeycomb. A positive relationship was found between the occurrence of honeycomb during drying and the initial green density. These results indicate that it should be possible to use density sorting prior to kiln-drying to segregate boards with a high probability of honeycomb to reduce drying degrade and improve drying efficiency. The higher density boards could be dried with a milder schedule, to reduce honeycomb, and the lower density boards could be dried with an accelerated schedule. C1 USDA FOREST SERV,SO RES STN,BROOKS FOREST PROD CTR,VIRGINIA TECH,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP HARRIS, RA (reprint author), CLEMSON UNIV,STROM THURMOND INST,CLEMSON,SC 29631, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 45 IS 5 BP 53 EP 54 PG 2 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA QY904 UT WOS:A1995QY90400006 ER PT J AU LANFORD, BL STOKES, BJ AF LANFORD, BL STOKES, BJ TI COMPARISON OF 2 THINNING SYSTEMS .2. STAND AND SITE IMPACTS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB During the winter of 1991, a side-by-side comparison was made between two popular thinning systems: a feller-buncher, grapple skidder, loader/slasher system and a harvester, forwarder system. A first commercial thinning was conducted in an 18-year-old loblolly pine stand. Test areas were cruised prior to thinning and remeasured after operations were completed. The target basal area per acre was successfully met by the forwarder system but not by the skidder system. Individual tree damage was recorded during plot remeasurement. The skidder system scarred 25 trees per acre versus 10 trees per acre with the forwarder system. Ground disturbance was recorded by two samples. One focused on skidder and forwarder trails where the area in various levels of disturbance was measured along with soil bulk density. The other sample was a systematic survey covering the entire study area and gave an overall sample of ground disturbance levels. The skidder system had more disturbed area and compacted the soil more than the forwarder system. C1 US FOREST SERV,AUBURN UNIV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,ENGN RES UNIT,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP LANFORD, BL (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 0 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 45 IS 5 BP 74 EP 79 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA QY904 UT WOS:A1995QY90400011 ER PT J AU LIEBHOLD, AM MACDONALD, WL BERGDAHL, D MAESTRO, VC AF LIEBHOLD, AM MACDONALD, WL BERGDAHL, D MAESTRO, VC TI INVASION BY EXOTIC FOREST PESTS - A THREAT TO FOREST ECOSYSTEMS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE INSECT; PATHOGEN; WEED; QUARANTINE; ERADICATION ID PINE-WOOD NEMATODE; MONOCHAMUS-CAROLINENSIS COLEOPTERA; MELAMPSORA-LARICI-POPULINA; AMERICAN GYPSY-MOTH; TOMICUS-PINIPERDA L; BURSAPHELENCHUS-XYLOPHILUS; NORTH-AMERICA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BLISTER RUST; OAK WILT AB For millions of years the distribution of the world's biota has been restricted by oceans other natural barriers. During the last 100 yr, human activities, especially international travel and trade, have circumvented these barriers, and species are invading new continents at an increasing rate. Biological invasions of insect, plant, and fungal pest species often cause substantial disturbance to forest ecosystems as well as severe socioeconomic impacts. The invasion process is composed of three phases: arrival, establishment, and spread. Arrival occurs when a species is initially transported to the new area (e.g., transportation to a new continent). Establishment is essentially the opposite of extinction; it is the process by which a population becomes abundant enough to prevent extinction. Spread is the process by which a species expands its range into adjoining uninfested areas. Management of pest invasions focuses on preventing arrival, establishment, or spread. We present case histories that illustrate the invasion process via details of the arrival, spread, impact, and management of selected exotic forest pests. Biological invasions are probably the most significant environmental threat to the maintenance of natural forest ecosystems in North America and elsewhere. The magnitude of this problem necessitates increased efforts to reduce the incidence and impacts of pest invasions. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV PLANT SCI,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. UNIV VERMONT,DEPT FORESTRY,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,OTIS METHODS DEV CTR,OTIS AFB,MA 02542. RP LIEBHOLD, AM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,180 CANFIELD ST,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 258 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 5 U2 67 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 41 IS 2 SU S BP 1 EP 49 PG 49 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QX533 UT WOS:A1995QX53300001 ER PT J AU LUPPOLD, WG AF LUPPOLD, WG TI CAUSES AND REMEDIES FOR ERRORS IN INTERNATIONAL FOREST PRODUCTS TRADE DATA - EXAMPLES FROM THE HARDWOOD TRADE STATISTICS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC RIM; EXPORTS AB The quality of data concerning international hardwood products trade declined in the 1980s because of several problems associated with the collection and processing of individual export transaction records. This note examines the source, impact, and remedies for data problems caused by data screening procedures, nonreporting, recording errors, and alternative accounting systems. Although this study focuses on the hardwood products, many of the problems discussed affect trade data for other forest products. RP LUPPOLD, WG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,ROUTE 2,BOX 562-B,PRINCETON,WV 24740, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 41 IS 2 BP 278 EP 283 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QW921 UT WOS:A1995QW92100005 ER PT J AU MOEUR, M STAGE, AR AF MOEUR, M STAGE, AR TI MOST SIMILAR NEIGHBOR - AN IMPROVED SAMPLING INFERENCE PROCEDURE FOR NATURAL-RESOURCE PLANNING SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CANONICAL CORRELATION ANALYSIS; RETAINING SAMPLE VARIABILITY; PRESERVING COVARIANCE; DATA-SPLITTING; JACKKNIFING ID AGGREGATION; MODELS AB To model ecosystem functioning for landscape design, analysts would like detailed data about each parcel of land in the landscape. Usually, only information of low resolution is available for the entire area, supplemented by detailed information for a sample of the parcels. These sample data, usually obtained through two-phase sampling, provide initial values of important design elements for dynamic, often nonlinear, models of ecosystem functioning. However, to represent the contribution of the nonsampled portions of the landscape to ecosystem functioning, it would be convenient to be able to operate as if the detailed design information were available for each and every parcel in the analysis. Inference procedures to complete the design information for the unsampled parcels have usually followed the techniques of stratified or regression sampling. These procedures have been developed with regard to their efficiency for estimating population means and totals rather than for their utility to model ecosystem functioning and response to intervention. Stratified sampling or regression estimates therefore do not retain the complex relationships between multivariate design attributes. We present a new multivariate inference procedure for use in such circumstances. In place of estimating design attributes element-by-element in a traditional sense for each first-phase observation, the procedure simply chooses the most similar parcel from the set of parcels with detailed examinations to act as its stand-in. The stand-in is chosen on the basis of a similarity measure that summarizes the multivariate relationships between the set of low resolution indicator attributes and the set of detailed design attributes derived from the second-phase sample. Canonical correlation analysis is used to derive a similarity function for this procedure, which we call ''Most Similar Neighbor Inference.'' We compared most similar neighbor estimates for a multivariate forest inventory to estimates from regression, stratified sampling, and a Swedish National Forest Survey method. The indicator attributes were recorded from stand records, maps, and aerial photographs, while the design attributes were stand yield characteristics derived from on-the-ground inventories. The most similar neighbor estimates have prediction errors that are comparable in magnitude to the traditional estimates for easy-to-predict design attributes. Thus, most similar neighbor inference should be expected to perform almost as well as regression in sampling contexts requiring estimates of population means or totals. More importantly, the most similar neighbor procedure more closely reproduces the covariance structure of the design attributes. Preserving the relationships among design attributes is a vital feature when the purpose of the modeling is to evaluate management options. Furthermore, because most similar neighbor is an exact interpolator, estimates derived from it are consistent in a finite population sense. RP MOEUR, M (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,1221 S MAIN,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 14 TC 185 Z9 193 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 41 IS 2 BP 337 EP 359 PG 23 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QW921 UT WOS:A1995QW92100010 ER PT J AU IYENGAR, GV WOLF, WR AF IYENGAR, GV WOLF, WR TI GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES FOR SECONDARY REFERENCE MATERIALS FOR ANALYSIS OF FOOD AND RELATED BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials (BERM-6) CY APR 17-21, 1994 CL KONA, HI SP AOAC INT, Promochem GmbH, Wesel Germany, TAMA Chem Co, Japan, NYCOMED, Norway, PROLAB, Denmark, Kellogg, Battle Creek, MI, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Vienna, Austria, Inst Ref Mat Measurements, Geel, Belgium, Measurement & Testing Programme, Brussels, Belgium, Res Ctr Julich, Julich, Germany, USDA, Beltsvile, MD ID TOTAL DIET; ELEMENTS AB Primary, secondary and tertiary reference materials (RM) play an important role in quality controls of analytical measurements. Logistics of preparation and proper use of primary and secondary RMs are presented. Tertiary (i.e. in-house) control materials are useful as substitutes in the absence of recognized primary or secondary RMs. The lack of interdisciplinary interaction during development of RMs (e.g. in specific areas such as foods), has an important impact on limiting the usefulness of certain types of RMs. The abundance of RMs in some countries and regions appears to have little effect on the existing paucity in RMs in other regions, and the underlying causes are outlined. The ability of a laboratory to produce good quality in-house RMs traceable to recognized primary or secondary RMs is a direct measure of its quest for reliable analytical data. Therefore many laboratories should be encouraged to engage in secondary and tertiary RM activities designed to answer specific measurement problems. In this context, assistance (e.g. practical training opportunities) in identifying simple methods of analyses for their efficacy in determining specific analytes is a source of help that can be extended to countries experiencing limitations in laboratory instrumentation. C1 USDA ARS,BHNRC,NDL,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP IYENGAR, GV (reprint author), NIST,STAND REF MAT PROGRAM,BLDG 235,B125,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 352 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RH366 UT WOS:A1995RH36600011 ER PT J AU WOLF, WR ANDREWS, KW AF WOLF, WR ANDREWS, KW TI A SYSTEM FOR DEFINING REFERENCE MATERIALS APPLICABLE TO ALL FOOD MATRICES SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials (BERM-6) CY APR 17-21, 1994 CL KONA, HI SP AOAC INT, Promochem GmbH, Wesel Germany, TAMA Chem Co, Japan, NYCOMED, Norway, PROLAB, Denmark, Kellogg, Battle Creek, MI, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Vienna, Austria, Inst Ref Mat Measurements, Geel, Belgium, Measurement & Testing Programme, Brussels, Belgium, Res Ctr Julich, Julich, Germany, USDA, Beltsvile, MD AB Recently the subcommittee on Food Definition of the AOAC INTERNATIONAL Task Force on Methods for Nutrition Labeling proposed a ''Food Matrix Organizational System'' [4] to systematically judge the applicability of collaboratively studied methods over a range of food matrices. This system describes a food matrix by its location in one of nine sectors in a triangle, with each point of the triangle defined as representing 100% and the opposite side representing 0% of the normalized contents of each of three major components of FAT, PROTEIN and CARBOHYDRATE. Foods falling within the same sector would be chemically similar and thus should behave in a similar analytical manner. This same scheme can be used to select one or two food matrices representing each sector, for development of a series of reference materials representing all foods. The list of 5250 foods contained in the USDA Nutrient Data Base for Standard Reference has been sorted and matched to this schematic to determine the scope of the selection process. In addition the list of foods in the ''USDA Data Base for Food Consumption Surveys'' has been examined. Results and progress of this selection process are reported. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NUTR DATA LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. AOAC INT,TECH DIV REFERENCE MAT,ARLINGTON,VA 22201. RP WOLF, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,FOOD COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 7 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 352 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 76 DI 10.1007/BF00322300 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RH366 UT WOS:A1995RH36600019 ER PT J AU VEILLON, C PATTERSON, KY AF VEILLON, C PATTERSON, KY TI SELENIUM, CHROMIUM AND ZINC CONTENT OF PROPOSED SRM-1846 INFANT FORMULA SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials (BERM-6) CY APR 17-21, 1994 CL KONA, HI SP AOAC INT, Promochem GmbH, Wesel Germany, TAMA Chem Co, Japan, NYCOMED, Norway, PROLAB, Denmark, Kellogg, Battle Creek, MI, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Vienna, Austria, Inst Ref Mat Measurements, Geel, Belgium, Measurement & Testing Programme, Brussels, Belgium, Res Ctr Julich, Julich, Germany, USDA, Beltsvile, MD ID STABLE ISOTOPE-DILUTION; BIOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB A proposed infant formula SRM 1846 has been analyzed for zinc, selenium and chromium by isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). The precision of the IDMS methods has been sufficient to allow the estimation of the sample homogeneity with respect to these three analytes. Overall means of 60.9 +/- 0.9 mu g Zn/g (mean +/- standard deviation) and 76.1 +/- 1.9 ng Se/g have been found for 30 determinations. Values for chromium content have been found to depend on the sample preparation method, suggesting possible contamination. Accurary of the zinc, chromium and selenium values has been verified using a certified reference material, SRM 1549 ''Non-Fat Milk Powder''. RP VEILLON, C (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BLDG 307,ROOM 226A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 352 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 79 DI 10.1007/BF00322301 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA RH366 UT WOS:A1995RH36600020 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, JT HAUSMAN, GJ AF WRIGHT, JT HAUSMAN, GJ TI INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR-I (IGF-1)-INDUCED STIMULATION OF PORCINE PREADIPOCYTE REPLICATION SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE PREADIPOCYTE; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; IGF-1; REPLICATION; PIG; PROPIDIUM IODIDE ID FACTOR-I; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; DIFFERENTIATION; HORMONE; CELLS; EXPRESSION; ADIPOCYTES; RECEPTORS; RAT AB Insulinlike growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is both adipogenic and mitogenic to preadipose cell lines as well as primary stromal-vascular (SV) cells. The precise effect of lGF-1 on primary preadipocytes per se, however, has not been elucidated directly. In this study, primary porcine preadipocytes were exposed to IGF-1 while at three culture densities. The proportion of replicating preadipocytes was determined by labeling cells with an antiadipocyte/preadipocyte monoclonal antibody (MAb) concomitant with DNA measurement with propidium iodide. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that different seeding densities did not affect the relative proportion of preadipocytes (AD-1 positive) in cultures. However, IGF-1 treatment increased the proportion of preadipocytes at all densities but to a greater extent in more dense cultures. The resultant number of fat cell clusters formed was greater at higher densities and on IGF-1 treatment. The proportion of replicating cells in cultures decreased with increasing density. IGF-1 significantly increased replication at all densities and increased the number of replicating preadipocytes to the same extent independent of density. These results provide direct evidence of hormonal regulation of primary preadipocyte replication. RP WRIGHT, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,RB RUSSELL RES CTR,ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI COLUMBIA PA 8815 CENTRE PARK DRIVE SUITE 210, COLUMBIA, MD 21045 SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 31 IS 5 BP 404 EP 408 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA QX707 UT WOS:A1995QX70700015 ER PT J AU NABETANI, H ABBOTT, TP KLEIMAN, R AF NABETANI, H ABBOTT, TP KLEIMAN, R TI OPTIMAL SEPARATION OF JOJOBA PROTEIN USING MEMBRANE PROCESSES SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OSMOTIC-PRESSURE MODEL; CONCENTRATION POLARIZATION; MEAL SUPPLEMENTATION; SKIM MILK; GEL LAYER; ULTRAFILTRATION; FILTRATION; ADSORPTION; RATS; SIMMONDSIN AB The efficiency of a pilot-scale membrane system for purifying and concentrating jojoba protein was estimated. In this system, a jojoba extract was first clarified with a microfiltration membrane. The clarified extract was diafiltrated and the protein was purified with an ultrafiltration membrane. Then the protein solution was concentrated with the ultrafiltration membrane. Permeate flux during microfiltration was essentially independent of solids concentration in the feed, in contrast with the permeate flux during ultrafiltration which was a function of protein concentration. Based on these results, a mathematical model which describes the batchwise concentration process with ultrafiltration membranes was developed. Using this model, the combination of batchwise concentration with diafiltration was optimized, and an industrial-scale process was designed. The effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the performance of the membrane system was also investigated. The addition of EDTA increased the concentration of protein in the extract and improved the recovery of protein in the final products. The quality of the final product (color and solubility) was also improved. However, EDTA decreased permeate flux during ultrafiltration. RP NABETANI, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 50 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1779 EP 1788 DI 10.1021/ie00044a029 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA QX505 UT WOS:A1995QX50500029 ER PT J AU SANADI, AR CAULFIELD, DF JACOBSON, RE ROWELL, RM AF SANADI, AR CAULFIELD, DF JACOBSON, RE ROWELL, RM TI RENEWABLE AGRICULTURAL FIBERS AS REINFORCING FILLERS IN PLASTICS - MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF KENAF FIBER-POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DEPENDENCE; YOUNG MODULUS; WOOD FIBERS; POLYMERS AB Kenaf (Hibiscus cannnabinus) is a fast growing annual growth plant that is harvested for its bast fibers. These fibers have excellent specific properties and have potential to be outstanding reinforcing fillers in plastics. In our experiments, the fibers and polypropylene (PP) were blended in a thermokinetic mixer and then injection molded, with the fiber weight fractions varying to 60%. A maleated polypropylene was used to improve the interaction and adhesion between the nonpolar matrix and the polar lignocellulosic fibers. The specific tensile and flexural moduli of a 50% by weight (39% by volume) of kenaf-PP composite compare favorably with a 40% by weight of glass fiber-PP injection-molded composite. These results suggest that kenaf fibers are a viable alternative to inorganic/mineral-based reinforcing fibers as long as the right processing conditions are used and they are used in applications where the higher water absorption is not critical. C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP SANADI, AR (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,1630 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. RI Sanadi, Anand/C-4420-2015 OI Sanadi, Anand/0000-0002-6382-9225 NR 24 TC 153 Z9 159 U1 6 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1889 EP 1896 DI 10.1021/ie00044a041 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA QX505 UT WOS:A1995QX50500041 ER PT J AU WHITE, DJ JOLLEY, WL PURDY, CW STRAUS, DC AF WHITE, DJ JOLLEY, WL PURDY, CW STRAUS, DC TI EXTRACELLULAR NEURAMINIDASE PRODUCTION BY A PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA A-3 STRAIN ASSOCIATED WITH BOVINE PNEUMONIA SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; HAEMOLYTICA AB The properties of an extracellular neuraminidase produced by a Pasteurella multocida A:3 strain that was isolated in a case of bovine pneumonia were examined during growth in a defined medium. This enzyme (isolated from concentrated culture supernatants of P. multocida, A:3) was active against N-acetylneuramin lactose, human alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, fetuin, colominic acid, and bovine submaxillary mucin. Enzyme elaboration was correlated with the growth of the organism in a defined medium, with maximum quantities produced in the stationary phase. The enzyme was purified by a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange on DEAE Sephacel, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The purified neuraminidase possessed a specific activity of 9.36 mu mol of sialic acid released per min per mg of protein against fetuin. The enzyme possessed a pH optimum of 6.0 and a K-m of 0.03 mg/ml. The P. multocida A:3 neuraminidase had a molecular weight of approximately 500,000 as estimated by gel filtration. The enzyme was stable at 4 and 37 degrees C for 3 h. Approximately 75% of the neuraminidase activity was lost within 30 min at 50 degrees C. Greater than 90% of the enzyme activity was destroyed within 10 min at temperatures of greater than or equal to 65 degrees C. The P. multocida neuraminidase does not appear to be serologically related to the Pasteurella haemolytica A1 neuraminidase since antiserum prepared against the purified P. haemolytica enzyme did not neutralize the P. multocida enzyme. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79430. USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 63 IS 5 BP 1703 EP 1709 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA QU941 UT WOS:A1995QU94100014 PM 7729875 ER PT J AU VAKHARIA, VN RAINA, AK KINGAN, TG KEMPE, TG AF VAKHARIA, VN RAINA, AK KINGAN, TG KEMPE, TG TI SYNTHETIC PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE GENE EXPRESSED IN A BACULOVIRUS EXPRESSION SYSTEM SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BACULOVIRUS; PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; PBAN; PEPTIDE EXPRESSION; ACMNPV; CORN EARWORM; HELICOVERPA ZEA ID ECLOSION HORMONE GENE; CORN-EARWORM MOTH; RECOMBINANT BACULOVIRUS; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; MEDIATED EXPRESSION; CABBAGE-LOOPER; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; VECTORS; FUSION AB A synthetic gene of the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) of corn earworm Helicoverpa tea, with and without a signal sequence of the cuticle protein of Drosophila melanogaster, was cloned behind the polyhedrin promoter of AcMNPV. Two recombinant baculoviruses were constructed and used to infect a number of insect cell lines including Sf9 and 5B1-4. High pheromonotropic activity was consistently obtained from 5B1-4 cell culture that was infected with the recombinant baculovirus vLNV-4 containing the signal sequence. The PBAN gene-product was isolated by HPLC and analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Low levels of biological activity obtained from Sf9 cells infected with the recombinant virus vPBAN may be due to lack of proper amidation at the C-terminus of the expressed peptide or rapid proteolytic degradation of the product. C1 USDA ARS, INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, COLL VET MED, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST, CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 EI 1879-0240 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 25 IS 5 BP 583 EP 589 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(94)00097-2 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA RC425 UT WOS:A1995RC42500006 PM 7787841 ER PT J AU HELM, R CRESPO, JF COCKRELL, G STANLEY, JS BRENNER, RJ BURKS, W BANNON, GA AF HELM, R CRESPO, JF COCKRELL, G STANLEY, JS BRENNER, RJ BURKS, W BANNON, GA TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CLONES ENCODING COCKROACH ALLERGENS SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Symposium of the Collegium-Internationale-Allergologicum on Molecular and Clinical Implications for Allergy in the 21st-Century CY SEP 25-29, 1994 CL NANTUCKET, MA SP Collegium Int Allergologicum DE ALLERGEN; GERMAN COCKROACH; CDNA; IGE BINDING ID FECAL EXTRACTS; WHOLE-BODY; IDENTIFICATION C1 UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. LAB IMMUNOALERGIA,MADRID,SPAIN. USDA,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1018-2438 J9 INT ARCH ALLERGY IMM JI Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. PD MAY-JUL PY 1995 VL 107 IS 1-3 BP 462 EP 463 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA RM261 UT WOS:A1995RM26100167 PM 7613216 ER PT J AU BURSON, BL AF BURSON, BL TI GENOME RELATIONSHIP AND REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR OF INTRASPECIFIC PASPALUM-DILATATUM HYBRIDS - YELLOW-ANTHERED X URUGUAIANA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID P-DILATATUM; DALLISGRASS; CYTOLOGY; BIOTYPES AB Sexual, tetraploid (2n = 4x = 40) yellow-anthered dallisgrass, Paspalum dilatatum Poir., was crossed with apomictic, hexaploid (2n = 6x = 60) Uruguaiana dallisgrass from Brazil for the purpose of determining their cytological relationship, the genome composition of the Uruguaiana biotype, and the reproductive behavior of their hybrids. Five hybrids were recovered; two had a chromosome number of 50 and the others had 45, 55, and 70 chromosomes. Meiotic chromosome pairing in these hybrids indicated that the biotypes have two homologous genomes, I and J, which comprise the yellow-anthered biotype (IIJJ). The identity and source of the third genome in the hexaploid biotype is unknown, and it was designated as X. The 55-chromosome hybrid had Eve extra chromosomes belonging to the X genome. Limited pairing involving these duplicated homologues indicates that the Uruguaiana biotype has modified versions of the X genome. The meiotic irregularities in this biotype support these findings. Consequently, this biotype was assigned the genome formula IIJJXX(2), where X and X(2) represent different forms of the X genome. All hybrids, except for the one with 45 chromosomes, were facultative apomicts in that both sexual and aposporous embryo sacs were produced in their ovules. The 45-chromosome plant was sexual, which indicates that the gene(s) controlling apomixis are on one of the missing X chromosomes. There was a high degree of ovule abortion in all hybrids, and seed set was low. RP BURSON, BL (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 156 IS 3 BP 326 EP 331 DI 10.1086/297254 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RD242 UT WOS:A1995RD24200008 ER PT J AU HOFFMAN, JC VAUGHN, KC AF HOFFMAN, JC VAUGHN, KC TI USING THE DEVELOPING SPERMATOGENOUS CELLS OF CERATOPTERIS TO UNLOCK THE MYSTERIES OF THE PLANT CYTOSKELETON SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MICROTUBULE-ORGANIZING CENTERS; MULTILAYERED STRUCTURE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; ALPHA-TUBULIN; FERN; BLEPHAROPLAST; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; LOCALIZATION; CENTROSOME; MARSILEA AB The developing spermatogenous cells of Ceratopteris richardii are ideal to investigate the plant cytoskeleton. Spores sown on sterile medium produce gametophytes with antheridia at all developmental stages within a week of growth at 22 degrees C. Within an antheridium, however, all the cells are in synchrony. Other unique aspects of this system for investigation of the cytoskeleton are the structurally discernible microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) known as the blepharoplast and multilayered structure (MLS), the de novo production of centrioles, and the production of multiflagellated sperm cells. Immunocytochemical localization studies reveal that the blepharoplast reacts with two monoclonal antibodies that recognize animal centrosomes. The lamellar strip of the MLS reacts strongly with the centrosomal protein centrin. These are the first reports of the specific localization of MTOC proteins/epitopes in structurally discernible land plant MTOCs. Several of the stable microtubule arrays, the spline, basal body, and flagella, contain acetylated tubulin, a posttranslational modification associated with stable arrays in other eukaryotes. Tyrosinated tubulin, normally associated with relatively unstable microtubules, was found in all microtubule arrays, even the stable ones. The variety of microtubule arrays, structurally discernible MTOCs, and ease of culture make the spermatogenous cells of Ceratopteris an excellent model system for investigation of the plant cytoskeleton. C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 37 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 156 IS 3 BP 346 EP 358 DI 10.1086/297256 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RD242 UT WOS:A1995RD24200010 ER PT J AU KELLY, KL JOHNSTON, JJ AF KELLY, KL JOHNSTON, JJ TI SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION OF STRYCHNINE USING 2 DIFFERENT SEQUENTIAL ORGANIC MODIFIERS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTIONS; SFE; MODIFIER; STRYCHNINE; OAT BAIT ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXTRACTION; PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; TISSUES AB Carbon dioxide supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of strychnine from oat grain bait was accomplished using a methanol modifier during static extraction and a chloroform modifier during dynamic extraction. Extraction efficiency was better than with the use of either modifier alone. Analysis time, strychnine recoveries (82%), and reproducibility (SD = 7.8%) were not significantly different from the 85% recovery and 5.4% SD obtained with a routinely used organic solvent/solid extraction method. The supercritical fluid extraction method generated no hazardous waste as compared to the solvent/solid extraction method, which produced 50 mt of hazardous waste per sample. This two solvent modifier SFE method resulted in better precision and recovery of strychnine from oat bait than other reported SFE methods for the recovery of pesticides from treated grains. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1208 EP 1211 DI 10.1021/jf00053a016 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QY978 UT WOS:A1995QY97800016 ER PT J AU WARTELLE, LH BRADOW, JM HINOJOSA, O PEPPERMAN, AB SASSENRATHCOLE, G DASTOOR, P AF WARTELLE, LH BRADOW, JM HINOJOSA, O PEPPERMAN, AB SASSENRATHCOLE, G DASTOOR, P TI QUANTITATIVE COTTON FIBER MATURITY MEASUREMENTS BY X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY AND ADVANCED FIBER INFORMATION-SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE COTTON; FIBER MATURITY; CALCIUM; X-RAY FLUORESCENCE; AFIS AB Cotton fiber maturity is an important factor in cotton classification and fiber and textile processing. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that during fiber maturation, structural calcium in the primary wall is diluted by the development of the highly cellulosic secondary wall. Increases in this dilution effect on relative calcium concentration were found to parallel increasing chronological maturity in fibers harvested from 20 to 56 days after flowering. Fiber samples were evaluated with the Advanced Fiber Information System, which reported fiber quality parameters related to and including the cross-sectional area and circularity. Calcium concentrations were obtained using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. There were significant inverse relationships between both fiber circularity and cross-sectional area measurements with relative calcium concentration. These relationships were independent of cotton variety or growing conditions. Calcium determination by X-ray fluorescence offers a simple method for determining cotton fiber maturity. C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH HUMAN ECOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP WARTELLE, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1219 EP 1223 DI 10.1021/jf00053a018 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QY978 UT WOS:A1995QY97800018 ER PT J AU BALDWIN, EA NISPEROSCARRIEDO, M SHAW, PE BURNS, JK AF BALDWIN, EA NISPEROSCARRIEDO, M SHAW, PE BURNS, JK TI EFFECT OF COATINGS AND PROLONGED STORAGE-CONDITIONS ON FRESH ORANGE FLAVOR VOLATILES, DEGREES BRIX, AND ASCORBIC-ACID LEVELS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CELLULOSE; ETHYLENE; INTERNAL GAS; MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE; SHELLAC ID CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE; CITRUS-FRUIT; ETHANOL BUILDUP; WATER-VAPOR; COMPONENTS; JUICE; QUALITY; PERMEABILITY; ESSENCE; GASES AB Valencia oranges were treated with a commercial polysaccharide-based coating or a commercial shellac-based water wax or were left uncoated. The fruit were then stored at 16 or 21 degrees C with 95% relative humidity for up to 56 days. Samples were periodically analyzed for internal gases, flavor volatiles, water loss, degrees Brix, and ascorbic acid. Coated fruit had lower internal O-2 and higher CO2 and ethylene concentrations than uncoated. Shellac-coated fruit had the lowest and highest amounts of O-2 and CO2, respectively, at 21 degrees C. Generally, coated fruit showed higher concentrations of many volatile compounds as time in storage increased, most notably ethanol, ethyl butanoate, ethyl acetate, and alpha-pinene. This was especially true for shellac-coated fruit, for coated fruit at the higher storage temperature, and after the second month of storage. In contrast, levels of valencene, alpha-terpineol, and hexanol were generally lower in shellac-coated fruit and all coated fruit at the higher storage temperature. Several hydrocarbon and minor alcohol volatiles increased then decreased during the storage period. Some exceptions were alpha-pinene, sabinene, and isobutanol which generally increased in coated fruit by the end of the storage period. Shellac-coated fruit had significantly less weight loss than fruit subjected to all other treatments, whereas polysaccharide-treated fruit did not retard water loss compared to uncoated fruit. No significant differences were found for degrees Brix or ascorbic acid concentrations. C1 VICTORIA DEPT AGR,FOOD RES INST,WERRIBEE,VIC,AUSTRALIA. UNIV FLORIDA,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33880. RP BALDWIN, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33881, USA. NR 30 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1321 EP 1331 DI 10.1021/jf00053a037 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QY978 UT WOS:A1995QY97800037 ER PT J AU LEE, CJ DEMILO, AB MORENO, DS MARTINEZ, AJ AF LEE, CJ DEMILO, AB MORENO, DS MARTINEZ, AJ TI ANALYSIS OF THE VOLATILE COMPONENTS OF A BACTERIAL FERMENTATION THAT IS ATTRACTIVE TO THE MEXICAN FRUIT-FLY, ANASTREPHA LUDENS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE LURE; BACTERIAL METABOLITES; MEXICAN FRUIT FLY; ANASTREPHA LUDENS; KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE; ANALYSIS OF VOLATILES ID PROTEIN INSECT BAITS; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; FLIES; IDENTIFICATION; AMMONIA AB An analysis was performed to identify the volatile components of a supernatant derived from a bacterial (Klebsiella pneumoniae, ATCC 13883, American Type Culture Collection) fermentation:of a trypticase soy broth. The bacteria-produced supernatant (BPS) was comparable to a 30% solution of NuLure in attractiveness to mixed sexes of adult Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), in a laboratory bioassay. The volatile components of BPS, most resulting from bacterial metabolism, were identified by a combination of capillary GC and GC-MS techniques. A total of 21 compounds were identified, including 7 alcohols (2 sulfur containing), 8 alkyl-substituted pyrazines, 2 ketones, 2 acids, 1 ketoalcohol, and phenol. The five most abundant compounds, in decreasing order of abundance,were S-methyl-1-butanol, phenethyl alcohol, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, a-methyl-1-propanol, and 3-(methylthio)-1-propanol. One or more unidentified, low molecular weight amines were also present in the mixture of volatiles. C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596. USDA,PPQ,APHIS,CTR MISSION METHODS DEV,EDINBURG,TX 78539. RP LEE, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1348 EP 1351 DI 10.1021/jf00053a041 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QY978 UT WOS:A1995QY97800041 ER PT J AU GAN, JY ANDERSON, MA YATES, MV SPENCER, WF YATES, SR AF GAN, JY ANDERSON, MA YATES, MV SPENCER, WF YATES, SR TI SAMPLING AND STABILITY OF METHYL-BROMIDE ON ACTIVATED-CHARCOAL SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE METHYL BROMIDE; FUMIGANTS; VOLATILIZATION; VAPOR SAMPLING; ACTIVATED CHARCOAL; HEADSPACE ANALYSIS ID TEMPERATURE; DESORPTION AB Monitoring methyl bromide (CH3Br) emission into the atmosphere following soil fumigations requires sensitive and reproducible sampling methods. The factors affecting the sampling efficiency and stability of CH3Br on activated charcoal sampling tubes were identified and evaluated in this study. The number of tubes required for accurate sampling using activated coconut and petroleum charcoal tubes was determined for various sampling flow rates and sampling intervals. Breakthrough of CH3Br on both types of tubes increased with increasing flow rates and sampling intervals. CH3Br hydrolyzed rapidly on moist charcoal, and the reaction was enhanced by temperature. At 40 degrees C and 21% moisture content, the half-lives of degradation were only 11 h on coconut charcoal and 17 h on petroleum charcoal. The rapid hydrolysis of CH3Br on charcoal was caused by the high pH of the charcoal. To prevent degradation of CH3Br bromide, charcoal samples should be always kept at low temperature and under dry conditions during transport and storage. Correction for loss due to degradation during sampling may be necessary if samples are taken from atmospheres with high temperature and humidity. C1 USDA ARS,USSL,PESTICIDE & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1361 EP 1367 DI 10.1021/jf00053a044 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QY978 UT WOS:A1995QY97800044 ER PT J AU HAPEMAN, CJ KARNS, JS SHELTON, DR AF HAPEMAN, CJ KARNS, JS SHELTON, DR TI TOTAL MINERALIZATION OF AQUEOUS ATRAZINE IN THE PRESENCE OF AMMONIUM-NITRATE USING OZONE AND KLEBSIELLA-TERRAGENA (STRAIN DRS-I) - MECHANISTIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR PILOT-SCALE DISPOSAL SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ATRAZINE; REMEDIATION; OXIDATION; BIOMINERALIZATION ID PESTICIDE WASTE; WATER; BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; METABOLISM; OZONATION; PRODUCTS; BACTERIA; SYSTEM; SOIL AB s-Triazines have been found to be somewhat recalcitrant to enhanced biomineralization (preoxidation prior to microbial degradation). Atrazine ozonation studies provided evidence for a hydroxy radical process in which kinetics are sterically rather than electronically controlled. These results enabled the optimization of the ozonation procedures and the isolation of an organism better adapted for pesticide waste streams. Klebsiella terragena (strain DRS-I) was shown to effectively utilize chlorodiamino-s-triazine (CAAT), the final oxidation product of atrazine, as a nitrogen source in the presence of NH4NO3, a fertilizer often found in pesticide waste. Evidence for the metabolic pathway is provided, which was shown to proceed via aminochlorohydroxy-s-triazine (COAT) followed by dechlorination and total mineralization. Formulated atrazine was successfully mineralized in a pilot scale system (ca. 200 L) with and without NH4NO3 present. Ozonation efficiencies were nearly identical in both cases; degradation of CAAT and COAT was readily achieved after ca. 1 day of incubation. RP HAPEMAN, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INST NAT RESOURCES, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1383 EP 1391 DI 10.1021/jf00053a047 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QY978 UT WOS:A1995QY97800047 ER PT J AU BUSHWAY, RJ BRANDON, DL BATES, AH LI, L LARKIN, KA YOUNG, BS AF BUSHWAY, RJ BRANDON, DL BATES, AH LI, L LARKIN, KA YOUNG, BS TI QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION OF THIABENDAZOLE IN FRUIT JUICES AND BULK JUICE CONCENTRATES USING A THIABENDAZOLE MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ELISA; THIABENDAZOLE; FRUIT JUICES; CONCENTRATES ID PERSISTENCE; FUNGICIDES; POTATOES; RESIDUES; APPLES; ELISA AB A thiabendazole [2-(4-thiazolyl)-1H-benzimidazole, TBZ] monoclonal antibody has been employed in an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) procedure to analyze TBZ in fruit juices and bulk juice concentrates. Samples were prepared by partitioning into methylene chloride and analyzed by EIA and HPLC. The average recovery for 50 juices and concentrates spiked at 5-1000 ppb was 93%. Forty-one market samples containing TBZ in the range from 0.6 to 280 ppb were analyzed, and the analyses by the two methods showed excellent agreement (r = 0.988). The detection limits were 0.5 ppb for juice and 2 ppb for bulk concentrates. Because a quicker and simpler sample preparation scheme would be desirable, seven positive juice samples were analyzed following direct dilution. For these samples, the correlation between EIA and HPLC was still very good (r = 0.92). Bulk juice concentrates generally required partitioning to completely eliminate matrix effects. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY & HLTH RES UNIT,ALBANY,CA 94710. IMMUNOSYST INC,SCARBOROUGH,ME 04074. MILLIPORE CORP,BEDFORD,MA 01730. RP BUSHWAY, RJ (reprint author), UNIV MAINE,DEPT FOOD SCI,5736 HOLMES HALL,ORONO,ME 04469, USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1407 EP 1412 DI 10.1021/jf00053a051 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QY978 UT WOS:A1995QY97800051 ER PT J AU ARNADE, C VASAVADA, U AF ARNADE, C VASAVADA, U TI CAUSALITY BETWEEN PRODUCTIVITY AND EXPORTS IN AGRICULTURE - EVIDENCE FROM ASIA AND LATIN-AMERICA SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID COINTEGRATION; GROWTH AB This paper examines the causal relationship between agricultural productivity and exports for selected Asian and Latin American countries. Alternative views about the causal relationship between. these variables of economic interest exist. Economic theory provides no firm basis to judge whether productivity causes exports or exports cause productivity (export-led growth). Since this issue is empirical, econometric tests are utilised to investigate the nature of this causality. Test results are mixed although the export-led growth hypothesis is validated in a few cases. C1 USDA,ERS,RTD,PROD & EMERGING TECHNOL BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC. RP ARNADE, C (reprint author), USDA,ERS,ATAD,MARKETS & COMPETIT BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS SOC PI ABERDEEN PA UNIV OF ABERDEEN DEPT OF AGRICULTURE 581 KING STREET, ABERDEEN, SCOTLAND AB9 1UD SN 0021-857X J9 J AGR ECON JI J. Agric. Econ. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 46 IS 2 BP 174 EP 186 DI 10.1111/j.1477-9552.1995.tb00764.x PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA RB255 UT WOS:A1995RB25500003 ER PT J AU FARE, R WHITTAKER, G AF FARE, R WHITTAKER, G TI AN INTERMEDIATE INPUT MODEL OF DAIRY PRODUCTION USING COMPLEX SURVEY DATA SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID EFFICIENCY AB Agricultural production is often characterised by multiple inputs and multiple outputs to multiple production processes. Where an output from one process is used as an input to another, this output is called an intermediate product. This is a common situation when a farm produces both crops and livestock. The analysis of production efficiency is important for the evaluation of agricultural policy, but until recently, no methods have explicitly included intermediate products. This study applies a non-parametric technique of efficiency measurement which includes intermediate products. The data set is a sample of dairy farms drawn using a complex survey design. The use of non-parametric efficiency measurement and the subsequent application of bootstrapping and kernel density estimation to the results allow inferences to be drawn concerning the whole population from which the sample was drawn. We find that the decomposition of production into subproduction processes reduces the dimensions of problem specification, with the effect that a larger number of variables may be usefully included in the model. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. RP FARE, R (reprint author), SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT ECON,CARBONDALE,IL 62901, USA. RI RASTOIN, Jean-Louis/F-3853-2011; Fare, Rolf/H-5932-2013 NR 20 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 10 PU AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS SOC PI ABERDEEN PA UNIV OF ABERDEEN DEPT OF AGRICULTURE 581 KING STREET, ABERDEEN, SCOTLAND AB9 1UD SN 0021-857X J9 J AGR ECON JI J. Agric. Econ. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 46 IS 2 BP 201 EP 213 DI 10.1111/j.1477-9552.1995.tb00766.x PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA RB255 UT WOS:A1995RB25500005 ER PT J AU RAPER, RL JOHNSON, CE BAILEY, AC BURT, EC BLOCK, WA AF RAPER, RL JOHNSON, CE BAILEY, AC BURT, EC BLOCK, WA TI PREDICTION OF SOIL STRESSES BENEATH A RIGID WHEEL SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COMPACTION AB A finite element modelling technique is being developed as a management tool that can be used to predict and avoid excessive soil compaction. Values of normal stress between a rigid wheel and the soil were obtained using an instrumented bar across the width of the wheel. These values were used to apply loads to the finite element model. A non-linear stress-strain relationship was used that shows that soil compaction is a function of both normal and shearing stress. The linear-elastic parameters, Young's Modulus and Poisson's ratio, are updated at small increments of load to follow the non-linear stress-strain relationship closely. Values of octahedral normal (mean normal) and major principal stress are predicted accurately in some situations but not at the high load condition in an initially uniformly loose soil profile. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP RAPER, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-8634 J9 J AGR ENG RES JI J. Agr. Eng. Res. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 61 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1006/jaer.1995.1030 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RG925 UT WOS:A1995RG92500007 ER PT J AU OLNESS, A EVANS, SD MONCRIEF, JF AF OLNESS, A EVANS, SD MONCRIEF, JF TI MAIZE GRAIN-YIELD RESPONSE TO TILLAGE AND FERTILIZER NITROGEN RATES ON A TARA SILT LOAM SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ACKER UND PFLANZENBAU LA English DT Article DE SOIL TEMPERATURE; PLANTING DATE; HYBRID; TILLAGE; NITROGEN ID ZEA-MAYS L; PLANTING DATE; CORN; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM AB Effects of tillage on the appropriate fertilizer N applications needed to achieve maximal grain yield are poorly defined. The study objective was determination of relative corn grain yield response to N application rate for four tillage practices: no-tillage (NT), ridge tillage (RT), fall chisel plowing (CP) and fall moldboard plowing (MP). Maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield and N accumulation were monitored over a 6 year period with the same tillage treatment and the same fertilizer N rate applied each year to each plot. Two hybrids, differing in relative maturity rating, were planted each year. Fertilizer N rates ranged from 10 to 190 kg ha(-1) and consisted of 10 kg ha(-1) of liquid starter N applied at planting with varying amounts of fall applied anhydrous ammonia. With only starter fertilizer, grain yields increased with tillage intensity in the order NT less than or equal to RT less than or equal to CP less than or equal to MP, With greater than or equal to 55 kg total applied N ha(-1), 6 year average grain yields were unaffected by tillage. Total N removed in grain annually with only starter fertilizer ranged from 21-85 kg ha(-1). Maximal amounts of N removed, about 145 kg N ha(-1), occurred with 100-145 kg applied N ha(-1) for all tillage treatments under the more favorable climatic conditions. Several interactions affecting grain yield appear climatically sensitive with exception of tillage by fertilizer N interactions. Because of variability in climate, planting dates varied by almost 4 weeks. Relative yield loss due to planting delay were Fertilizer N (mean change congruent to - 124- -275 kg ha(-1) day(-1)) > Starter N only and MP (mean congruent to -259 kg ha(-1) day(-1)) > other tillages in general. Yield loss due to delayed planting ranged from 0.0-275 kg ha(-1) day(-1). Grain yield gains due to early spring soil temperatures were 16.0-21.8 kg ha(-1) index-degree(-1) with MP tillage and averaged 2.7-16.7 kg ha(-1) index-degree(-1) more than those of other tillage-hybrid combinations. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,W CENT AGR EXPT STN,MORRIS,MN 56267. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP OLNESS, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,1091 N IOWA AVE,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci.-Z. Acker Pflanzenbau PD MAY PY 1995 VL 174 IS 4 BP 273 EP 285 DI 10.1111/j.1439-037X.1995.tb01113.x PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA RN674 UT WOS:A1995RN67400007 ER PT J AU HATFIELD, PG SNOWDER, GD HEAD, WA GLIMP, HA STOBART, RH BESSER, T AF HATFIELD, PG SNOWDER, GD HEAD, WA GLIMP, HA STOBART, RH BESSER, T TI PRODUCTION BY EWES REARING SINGLE OR TWIN LAMBS - EFFECTS OF DIETARY CRUDE PROTEIN PERCENTAGE AND SUPPLEMENTAL ZINC METHIONINE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EWES; LAMBS; PREGNANCY; LACTATION; ZINC; PROTEIN ID MILK-PRODUCTION; LACTATING EWE; DAIRY-COWS; GROWTH; SHEEP; PERFORMANCE; PREGNANCY; NUMBER; MEAL AB Eighty Targhee ewes with single or twin lambs were used to investigate the effects of chelated zinc methionine and level of dietary CP on milk and wool production, DMI, and ewe and lamb BW change. Treatments were arranged as a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial. Dietary treatments started 30 d prepartum and continued until 42 d postpartum. Milk production was estimated at 4, 10, 18, and 28 d postpartum During gestation, DMI by ewes receiving zinc methionine and the 14.9% CP diet was greater (P <.10) than DMI by ewes not supplemented with zinc methionine and ewes fed the 11.3% CP diet. Ewes fed the 14.9% CP diet tended (P <.14) to gain more BW from 30 d prepartum to 4 d postpartum and lose more BW from 4 to 42 d postpartum than ewes fed the 11.3% CP diet. Ewes fed zinc methionine and the 14.9% CP diet produced more (P <.10) milk on d 28 than their counterparts. Ewes rearing twins produced more (P <.05) milk on d 4, 10, and 18 than ewes rearing single lambs. However, milk production on d 28 was not affected by number of lambs reared (P = .68). Lamb ADG at 28, 42, and 59 d postpartum was greater (P <.05) for both the zinc methionine treatment and the 14.9% CP diet. Zinc methionine (P = .11) and the 14.9% CP diet (P = .02) increased weaning weights by 6 and 9%, respectively. We conclude that both the zinc methionine supplement and the 14.9% CP diet resulted in more persistent milk production. In addition, when ewes and lambs were fed for an average of 42 d during early lactation, a 14.9% CP diet, and to a lesser degree, a chelated zinc methionine supplement, lamb weaning weights were improved. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. UNIV NEVADA,RENO,NV 89557. UNIV WYOMING,LARAMIE,WY 82071. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP HATFIELD, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SHEEP EXPT STN,DUBOIS,ID 83423, USA. RI Besser, Thomas/A-4655-2011 NR 50 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1227 EP 1238 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA QW908 UT WOS:A1995QW90800002 PM 7665352 ER PT J AU SPITZER, JC MORRISON, DG WETTEMANN, RP FAULKNER, LC AF SPITZER, JC MORRISON, DG WETTEMANN, RP FAULKNER, LC TI REPRODUCTIVE RESPONSES AND CALF BIRTH AND WEANING WEIGHTS AS AFFECTED BY BODY CONDITION AT PARTURITION AND POSTPARTUM WEIGHT-GAIN IN PRIMIPAROUS BEEF-COWS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BIRTH WEIGHT; BODY CONDITION; DYSTOCIA; NUTRITION; POSTPARTUM PERIOD ID PREPARTUM NUTRITION; FEED LEVEL; PERFORMANCE; HEIFERS; CATTLE; ENERGY; PRODUCTIVITY; DYSTOCIA; PROTEIN; HORMONE AB Effects of body condition score (BCS) at parturition and postpartum weight gain on reproduction and production responses were evaluated using 240 primiparous (21 to 28 mo) beef cows calving in 60-d periods in three states over 3 yr. Cows were randomly allotted 90 d before parturition and fed to achieve BCS of 4, 5, or 6 (1 = emaciated, 9 = obese) at parturition. After parturition, one-half of these cows (within state) were group-fed to gain .45 kg/d (moderate) or .90 kg/d (high) until the start of a 60-d breeding season. Cows calving in BCS of 4, 5, or 6, respectively, had calves with progressively heavier (P <.05) birth weights, but dystocia score was not influenced by BCS at calving. Parturient BCS of cows had no effect on actual or 205-d adjusted weaning weights of calves. Birth weights, dystocia score, and actual and 205-d adjusted weaning weights were affected by location (P <.05). Cows with greater weight gains postpartum had calves with heavier (P <.05) actual and 205-d adjusted weaning weights than did cows with moderate weight gains. No significant interactions among location, BCS, or postpartum nutrition-group were observed for any of the production variables described above. Greater BCS at calving resulted in more(P <.05) cows in estrus and more (P <.05) cows pregnant by 40 and 60 d of a breeding season. Luteal activity by start of breeding, as well as estrus responses and pregnancy rates at 20, 40, or 60 d of a breeding season, were affected by location (P <.05). Greater postpartum weight gain increased (P <.05) luteal activity by start of breeding and estrus responses and pregnancy rates at 20, 40, and 60 d of a breeding season. These results indicate that primiparous beef cows calving with greater BCS have heavier calves at birth without increased dystocia. More cows calving with greater BCS also exhibit estrus and become pregnant in a finite breeding season. Postpartum weight change seems to have a further additive effect on estrus responses and pregnancy rates and increases actual and adjusted 205-d weaning weights of calves. C1 USDA,COOPERAT STATE RES SERV,SO REG PROJECT COMM S204,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 36 TC 105 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1251 EP 1257 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA QW908 UT WOS:A1995QW90800005 PM 7665355 ER PT J AU BROWN, MA JACKSON, WG AF BROWN, MA JACKSON, WG TI EWE PRODUCTIVITY AND SUBSEQUENT PREWEANING LAMB PERFORMANCE IN ST-CROIX SHEEP BRED AT DIFFERENT TIMES DURING THE YEAR SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SHEEP; SEASONALITY; REPRODUCTION; ST CROIX; PREWEANING PERIOD ID PROLIFIC WOOL BREEDS; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS; TARGHEE EWES; HAIR BREEDS AB Seasonality of breeding was evaluated in 165 purebred St. Croix ewes over a period of 3 yr at a latitude of 35 degrees 6' N. Ewes were divided into six groups for breeding starting in August of 1989 and a group was exposed to rams every 2 mo throughout the experiment. Lambing percentage was lowest for spring breeding (P <.01), which resulted in lower numbers born and weaned per ewe exposed (P <.01) and lower litter birth and weaning weights per ewe exposed (P <.01). Except as compared with late winter breeding, number born per ewe lambing was also lower for the spring breeding (P <.01), indicating potentially lower ovulation rates at that time or higher embryonic losses through summer gestation. Mean litter weaning weights were lower for spring and fall breeding seasons (P <.05), probably due to lowered forage availability and quality during the preweaning period for these lambs. These data indicate that St. Croix are sufficiently a seasonal to be of benefit in an accelerated lambing program. RP BROWN, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT FAMILY FARM RES CTR,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927, USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1258 EP 1263 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA QW908 UT WOS:A1995QW90800006 PM 7665356 ER PT J AU KOCH, RM JUNG, HG CROUSE, JD VAREL, VH CUNDIFF, LV AF KOCH, RM JUNG, HG CROUSE, JD VAREL, VH CUNDIFF, LV TI GROWTH, DIGESTIVE CAPABILITY, CARCASS AND MEAT CHARACTERISTICS OF BISON-BISON, BOS-TAURUS, AND BOS X BISON SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BISON; CATTLE; GROWTH RATE; DIGESTION; CARCASS COMPOSITION; MEAT CHARACTERISTICS ID BIOLOGICAL TYPES; CHOLESTEROL CONTENT; CATTLE; QUALITY; PALATABILITY; MUSCLE; STEERS; DIGESTIBILITY; HEREFORD; BREED AB Three experiments involving 39 Bos taurus, 14 Bison bison, and 20 Bos x Bison fed diets differing in proportions of roughage and concentrate to evaluate growth, digestive capability, carcass, sind meat characteristics are reported. Bos taurus consumed more (P <.05) feed per day and gained more (P <.05) rapidly than bison br Bos x Bison except during a period of extremely cold weather. Efficiency of gain was similar for all species types. There was no tendency for bison or Bos x Bison. to gain more than Bos taurus on the higher-roughage diets. Bison and Bos x Bison had higher (P <.10 to .01) digestion coefficients for all components evaluated (i.e., DM, CP, GE, MDF, hemicellulose, and cellulose). Species x diet interactions were not significant, indicating that the higher digestion coefficients of bison were not specific to high-roughage diets. Bison and their hybrids had more (P <.05) lean meat and less (P <.01) fat trim in all wholesale cuts except the chuck and rib cuts. Fat thickness at the 12th rib of bison was higher ( P <.01) than that of Bos taurus because most of the carcass fat of bison is located over the thoracic area. Bison and Bos x Bison had higher (P <.01) dressing percentages and a lower (P <.01) proportion of their carcass in the hindquarter than Bos taurus. Shear force and sensory tenderness scores indicated bison were more (P <.05) tender and had a flavor different (P <.01) from that of Bos taurus. Bison and Bos x Bison had more (P <.01) cholesterol in the longissimus muscle and less (P <.05) in the subcutaneous fat than Bos taurus. Bison had a lower ( P <.01) percentage of white and higher percentage of intermediate muscle fibers than Bos taurus with essentially no difference in percentage of red fibers. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP KOCH, RM (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 32 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1271 EP 1281 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA QW908 UT WOS:A1995QW90800008 PM 7665358 ER PT J AU BUONOMO, FC KLINDT, J YEN, JT AF BUONOMO, FC KLINDT, J YEN, JT TI ADMINISTRATION OF PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN BY SUSTAINED-RELEASE IMPLANT - GROWTH-FACTOR AND METABOLIC RESPONSES IN CROSSBRED WHITE AND GENETICALLY LEAN AND OBESE BOARS AND GILTS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GENOTYPES; SEX; SOMATOTROPIN; PIGS; INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR; METABOLISM ID I IGF-I; GROWING-PIGS; HORMONE GH; CARCASS COMPOSITION; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; BINDING PROTEIN-3; GENE-EXPRESSION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; INSULIN; SWINE AB Differences in endocrine and metabolic responses to porcine somatotropin administered by daily injection or sustained-release implant (pST-SR) have been previously observed in genetically lean and obese,gilts and barrows. The current study extended those findings by examining responses to pST-SR in gilts and boars of a contemporary crossbred line, as well as lean and obese lines. Pigs were treated with 0, 1, or 2 pST-SR implants inserted subcutaneously behind the ear. The osmotically driven pST-SR implants delivered 2 mg of recombinant pST/d. Pigs were bled on d 0, 7, 14, 28, and 42 after implantation. Sera were assayed for pST, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, IGF-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2), insulin, glucose, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Circulating pST concentrations were increased in a dose-dependent manner (P <.001) in the pST-SR treated pigs, but remained elevated (P <.05) only in the 4 mg of pST-SR/d group on d 42. Significant effects of line, dose, time, line x dose, and time x dose were noted for IGF-I. Serum. IGF-I was elevated in a dose-dependent manner over the 42-d period in all pST-treated swine. Examination of the line x dose x time interaction indicated that the IGF-I response to pST-SR was greatest in the obese line compared with the lean and crossbred lines. Conversely, serum IGF-II responded to pST-SR to the least extent in the obese pigs. Circulating IGFBP-2 concentrations were reduced by pST-SR, but were not affected by line. The BUN concentrations were reduced by pST-SR. An interaction of line x dose x time (P <.001) indicated that the response was greater in the obese line. Line x dose x time interactions were also noted for insulin and glucose concentrations, which were elevated by pST-SR in a dose-response manner in all lines, but to a much greater extent in the obese pigs. These data confirm that sex and genotype influence the metabolic and endocrine responses to pST-SR, as demonstrated previously using daily injections of pST. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP BUONOMO, FC (reprint author), MONSANTO CO,DIV ANIM SCI,ST LOUIS,MO 63198, USA. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1318 EP 1326 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA QW908 UT WOS:A1995QW90800013 PM 7545145 ER PT J AU KLINDT, J BUONOMO, FC YEN, JT AF KLINDT, J BUONOMO, FC YEN, JT TI ADMINISTRATION OF PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN BY SUSTAINED-RELEASE IMPLANT - GROWTH, CARCASS, AND SENSORY RESPONSES IN CROSSBRED WHITE AND GENETICALLY LEAN AND OBESE BOARS AND GILTS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GENOTYPES; SEX; SOMATOTROPIN; PIGS; GROWTH; SENSORY EVALUATION ID GROWING-PIGS; MEAT QUALITY; PERFORMANCE; HORMONE AB Previous studies have documented the efficacy of porcine somatotropin administered by sustained-release implant (pST-SR) in promoting rate and efficiency of;lean growth in genetically lean and obese barrows and gilts. Herein, those studies have been extended to include contemporary crossbred boars and gilts. The study consisted of 18 treatment groups in an arrangement of three lines, two sexes, and three doses of pST; 10 crossbred and obese boars and gilts assigned per dose, 10 lean gilts assigned per dose, and 6 lean boars assigned per dose. Pigs were implanted s.c. behind the ear at 55.2+/-.3 kg BW. Pigs received no implant, or one or two implants designed to deliver 2 mg of recombinantly derived pST/d (i.e., doses of 0, 2, or 4 mg of pST/d). At 14-d intervals feed consumption, BW and backfat were recorded. At the end of the 42-d trial the pigs were slaughtered and offal components weighed, and carcasses were dissected into untrimmed and trimmed wholesale cuts. Loin chops were collected for evaluation of sensory attributes, including boar taint. During each 14-d period of the trial feed consumption was reduced, gains were unchanged or greater, and efficiency of live weight gain was increased (P <.05). At slaughter, weights of the organs were increased and the weight of the trimmed primal cuts was increased in all line x sex groups with increasing dose of pST-SR. Treatment with PST-SR had no effect on the sensory attributes of juiciness, tenderness, pork flavor, and off-flavors. The panel detected a reduction (P <.01) in boar taint in meat from pST-SR-treated boars. Administration of pST-SR improved efficiency and quantity of pork produced by both boars and gilts df genotypes representing a diverse range of lean growth potential. In addition, pST-SR improved the acceptability of meat from boars. C1 MONSANTO AGR CO,ST LOUIS,MO 63198. RP KLINDT, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1327 EP 1339 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA QW908 UT WOS:A1995QW90800014 PM 7665363 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, RG GEESINK, GH THOMPSON, VF KOOHMARAIE, M GOLL, DE AF TAYLOR, RG GEESINK, GH THOMPSON, VF KOOHMARAIE, M GOLL, DE TI IS Z-DISK DEGRADATION RESPONSIBLE FOR POSTMORTEM TENDERIZATION SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CALPAINS; COSTAMERES; MYOFIBRIL FRAGMENTATION INDEX; N-2 LINES; POSTMORTEM TENDERIZATION; Z-DISKS ID CHICKEN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CA++-DEPENDENT PROTEASES; MYOFIBRIL FRAGMENTATION; Z-LINE; LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; ALPHA-ACTININ; CA-2+-DEPENDENT PROTEASES; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; LYSOSOMAL-ENZYMES AB A number of studies have suggested that Z-disk degradation is a major factor contributing to postmortem tenderization. These conclusions seem to have been based largely on experimental findings showing that the calpain system has a major role in postmortem tenderization, and that when incubated with myofibrils or muscle strips, purified calpain removes Z-disks. Approximately 65 to 80% of all postmortem tenderization occurs during the first 3 or 4 d postmortem, however, and there is little or no ultrastructurally detectable Z-disk degradation during this period. Electron microscope studies described in this paper show that, during the first 3 or 4 d of postmortem storage at 4 degrees C, both costameres and N-2 lines are degraded. Costameres link myofibrils to the sarcolemma, and N-2 lines have been reported to be areas where titin and nebulin filaments, which form a cytoskeletal network linking thick and thin filaments, respectively, to the Z-disk, coalesce. Filamentous structures linking adjacent myofibrils laterally at the level of each Z-disk are also degraded during the first 3 or 4 d of postmortem storage at 4 degrees C, resulting in gaps between myofibrils in postmortem muscle. Degradation of these structures would have important effects on tenderness. The proteins constituting these structures, nebulin and titin (N-2 lines); vinculin, desmin, and dystrophin (three of the six to eight proteins constituting costameres); and desmin (filaments linking adjacent myofibrils) are all excellent substrates for the calpains, and nebulin, titin, vinculin, and desmin are largely degraded within 3 d postmortem in semimembranosus muscle. Electron micrographs of myofibrils used in the myofibril fragmentation index assay show that these myofibrils, which have been assumed to be broken at their Z-disks, in fact have intact Z-disks and are broken in their I-bands. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,MUSCLE BIOL GRP,TUCSON,AZ 85721. USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 94 TC 360 Z9 397 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1351 EP 1367 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA QW908 UT WOS:A1995QW90800016 PM 7665364 ER PT J AU BARB, CR KRAELING, RR RAMPACEK, GB AF BARB, CR KRAELING, RR RAMPACEK, GB TI GLUCOSE AND FREE FATTY-ACID MODULATION OF GROWTH-HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION BY CULTURED PORCINE PITUITARY-CELLS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; PITUITARY; FATTY ACIDS; GLUCOSE; LH; SOMATOTROPIN ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; MEDIATED GH SECRETION; ENDOCRINE CHANGES; PLASMA-GLUCOSE; LH-SECRETION; INSULIN; INVITRO; SERUM; PIG; PERFORMANCE AB The influence of glucose and free fatty acids (FFA) on LH and GH secretion from porcine pituitary cells was examined in culture. Cells were challenged with 10(-9), 10(-8), or 10(-7) M GnRH; 10(-9), 10(-8), or 10(-7) M [Ala(15)]-h growth hormone-releasing factor-(1-29)NH2 (GRF); 10(-3) or 10(-5) M forskolin; glucose (100, 300, or 600 mg/dL); and oleic or linoleic acid (10(-11) to 10(-5) M) individually or in combinations of glucose, oleic, and linoleic acid with GnRH, GRF, or forskolin. Relative to control (medium alone), GnRH increased(P < .003) LH secretion. Glucose at 100 mg/dL enhanced (P < .05) basal LH release, whereas the 600-mg/dL dose suppressed(P < .05) LH response to GnRH. Except for 10(-7) M, all doses of linoleic acid increased (P < .05) basal LH release, whereas only 10(-5) M linoleic acid suppressed(P < .02) LH response to GnRH. All doses of oleic acid enhanced (P < .05) basal LH release and suppressed (P < .03) the LH response to GnRH. In contrast, neither FFA suppressed the forskolin-induced LH secretion compared to forskolin alone. Growth hormone-releasing factor stimulated (P < .02) GH release in a dose-dependent manner. Glucose did not alter basal GH release but suppressed (P < .01) GRF-induced GH release. Only 300 mg/dL of glucose suppressed (P < .05) forskolin-induced GH release. Only 10(-9) M linoleic acid suppressed (P < .04) basal GH secretion, whereas 10(-11) and 10(-9) M oleic acid suppressed and 10(-7) and 10(-5) M oleic acid enhanced (P < .04) GH release. However, both FFA suppressed (P < .03) GRF-induced GH release. Neither FFA affected forskolin-stimulated GH secretion. These results indicate that FFA and glucose may directly modulate LH and GH secretion at the level of the pituitary gland. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP BARB, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RE RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 42 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1416 EP 1423 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA QW908 UT WOS:A1995QW90800024 PM 7665372 ER PT J AU HAMMOND, AC AF HAMMOND, AC TI LEUCAENA TOXICOSIS AND ITS CONTROL IN RUMINANTS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GOITROGENS; LEGUMES; LEUCAENA; MIMOSINE; RUMINANTS; POISONOUS PLANTS ID LEUCOCEPHALA FORAGE; GRASS PASTURES; RUMEN BACTERIA; MIMOSINE; TOXICITY; GOATS; CATTLE; DHP; DEGRADATION; 3-HYDROXY-4(1H)-PYRIDONE AB Leucaena (Leucaena spp., especially L. leucocephala) is an arboreal, tropical legume that ranges into the cool subtropics and equatorial elevations up to 1,000 m. One of its uses includes forage for livestock, but introduction of leucaena outside its indigenous range often has led to acute and chronic toxicosis. The major toxic constituents of leucaena are the nonprotein free amino acid mimosine and its ruminal degradation product, 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone (3,4-dihydroxypyridine; 3,4-DHP). Leucaena also contains appreciable quantities of condensed tannins. In ruminants, mimosine is a depilatory agent and 3,4-DHP is a potent goitrogen. In the 1980s, Australian workers demonstrated that the geographical limits of leucaena toxicosis were due to the absence of ruminal bacteria capable of degrading 3,4-DHP, and successfully introduced 3,4-DHP degrading ruminal bacteria from a Hawaiian goat into goats and cattle in Australia. Simple in vitro screening methods have been developed for detection of 3,4-DHP degraders in ruminal samples and feces. Also, several strains of 3,4-DHP degrading ruminal bacteria have been characterized and have been given the genus and species designation, Synergistes jonesii. Ruminal inoculation with ruminal contents from adapted animals, enriched cultures of 3,4-DHP-degrading ruminal bacteria, and pure cultures of S. jonesii have all been used successfully to establish ruminal populations that are capable of degrading 3,4-DHP and preventing leucaena toxicosis. Once established in only a few animals, 3,4-DHP degraders easily distribute themselves throughout a herd of cattle and persist while leucaena is component of the diet. After leucaena is removed from the diet, 3,4-DHP degraders continue to persist at reduced numbers for several months. With the availability of viable approaches to the control of leucaena toxicosis in ruminants, leucaena's potential as a high-quality perennial legume for the tropics and subtropics can be more fully exploited. RP HAMMOND, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,22271 CHINSEGUT HILL RD,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34601, USA. NR 73 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1487 EP 1492 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA QW908 UT WOS:A1995QW90800032 PM 7665380 ER PT J AU PENSABENE, JW FIDDLER, W MAXWELL, RJ LIGHTFIELD, AR HAMPSON, JW AF PENSABENE, JW FIDDLER, W MAXWELL, RJ LIGHTFIELD, AR HAMPSON, JW TI SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION OF N-NITROSAMINES IN HAMS PROCESSED IN ELASTIC RUBBER NETTINGS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID RECOVERY AB A method for analysing N-nitrosamines in hams processed in elastic rubber nettings by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is described. The study was carried out with the prototype of a commercial extractor with a silica gel adsorption cartridge integrally attached to the variable restrictor. The SFE method was compared with a solid-phase extraction procedure currently used for ham analysis. Both methods used the same gas chromatographic-chemiluminescence detection conditions. No significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between results obtained with the 2 methods. Repeatability standard deviation of the SFE method was 1.7 ppb, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.7%, compared with 2.2 ppb, with a CV of 3.5%, for solid-phase extraction, SFE permits minimal use of solvent and more rapid analysis of nitrosamines. RP PENSABENE, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 78 IS 3 BP 744 EP 748 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QZ024 UT WOS:A1995QZ02400026 PM 7756889 ER PT J AU LEHOTAY, SJ ELLER, KI AF LEHOTAY, SJ ELLER, KI TI DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD OF ANALYSIS FOR 46 PESTICIDES IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES BY SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION AND GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY ION-TRAP MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXTRACTION; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; MATRIX AB A multiresidue method using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry (GC/ITMS) was developed for analysis of 46 pesticides in fruits and vegetables, The SFE procedure used 2 commercial instruments that trapped the extracts on solid-phase material, Silica gel chemically bound to octadecylsilane (ODS) collected the extracted pesticides efficiently, and elution of the trap with acetonitrile gave high recoveries, Extracts thus obtained were sufficiently clean for subsequent GC/ITMS analysis, The SFE conditions were 320 atm and 60 degrees C (0.85 g/mL CO2 density) and 1.6 mL/min CO2 flow rate for 6 extraction vessel volumes. Trapping on 1 mL ODS occurred at 10 degrees C, and a 0.4 mL/min flow rate of acetonitrile at 40 degrees-50 degrees C was used to elute the pesticides, Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the 46 pesticides were performed simultaneously by GC/ITMS, Studies of fortified samples gave >80% recoveries for 39 pesticides, and recoveries of >50% for the other pesticides, except methamidophos and omethoate, Grapes, carrots, potatoes, and broccoli were used as samples during method development, and a blind experiment involving incurred and fortified samples was used to test the approach, Results of the blind study compared satisfactorily with results from 7 laboratories using traditional GC detectors and solvent-based extractions. RP LEHOTAY, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BLDG 007,ROOM 224,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 144 Z9 151 U1 1 U2 13 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 78 IS 3 BP 821 EP 830 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QZ024 UT WOS:A1995QZ02400035 PM 7756898 ER PT J AU LEHOTAY, SJ AHARONSON, N PFEIL, E IBRAHIM, MA AF LEHOTAY, SJ AHARONSON, N PFEIL, E IBRAHIM, MA TI DEVELOPMENT OF A SAMPLE PREPARATION TECHNIQUE FOR SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION FOR MULTIRESIDUE ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDES IN PRODUCE SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of fruits and vegetables poses unique sample preparation considerations because the sample size is small (1-3 g) and the analyte is distributed in a moist solid matrix, The goal of this research was to develop practical sample preparation procedures for SFE of pesticide residues in produce so that acceptable accuracy and precision are maintained, In this study, 130 extractions of potato, fortified with up to 40 pesticides, were performed with 2 commercial SFE instruments, Extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography with ion trap mass spectrometry or electron capture detection, four sample preparation procedures were tested and Hydromatrix was used to control the amount of water in the sample, The highest recoveries and lowest standard deviations were obtained when 20-50 g samples were blended with an equal amount of Hydromatrix and dry ice was added to keep the samples frozen, The dry ice helped produce a homogeneous flowable powder and greatly reduced the degradation or vaporization of several pesticides. Recoveries of most pesticides from subsamples of <4 g with this procedure were 90-105%, with relative standard deviations of 1-6%, Only diphenylamine and disulfoton gave reduced recoveries with this procedure, When samples were extracted sequentially with an autosampler, certain pesticides were degraded in the extraction vessels over a period of several hours, To avoid losses of these pesticides, the sample in the extraction vessel was either purged with CO2 to remove oxygen or kept frozen until extracted, Peach and orange check samples were analyzed with the method, and results were comparable with those from traditional analyses. RP LEHOTAY, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BLDG 007,ROOM 224,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 78 IS 3 BP 831 EP 840 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QZ024 UT WOS:A1995QZ02400036 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, CM FETT, WF OSMAN, SF WIJEY, C OCONNOR, JV HOOVER, DG AF ROBERTS, CM FETT, WF OSMAN, SF WIJEY, C OCONNOR, JV HOOVER, DG TI EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION BY BIFIDOBACTERIUM-LONGUM BB-79 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYSACCHARIDE AB Bifidobacterium longum BB-79 produced an acidic extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), especially when grown on solid medium. The EPS was isolated by ethanol precipitation followed by dialysis and lyophilization. Anion exchange and gel-filtration chromatography were used to further purify and characterize the EPS. The average molecular weight was greater than 200 kDa as estimated by chromatography. Based on gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and GLC-mass spectrometry analyses, the EPS appears to be composed of galactose and an unidentified hexose (possibly glucose) with a carboxyethyl (lactic acid) substituent. Lactose, when used as the primary carbon source in liquid media, gave the highest yield of EPS. Incubation times longer than 24 h and the initial culture pH (pH 6.0-9.0) had little effect on the amount of EPS produced. C1 UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT FOOD SCI,NEWARK,DE 19716. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA. NR 19 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0021-8847 J9 J APPL BACTERIOL JI J. Appl. Bacteriol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 78 IS 5 BP 463 EP 468 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1995.tb03085.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA QX108 UT WOS:A1995QX10800001 ER PT J AU CONNELL, BH MILLER, DR AF CONNELL, BH MILLER, DR TI AN INTERPRETATION OF RADIOSONDE ERRORS IN THE ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMIDITY PROFILES; EVAPORATION AB The authors review sources of error in radiosonde measurements in the atmospheric boundary layer and analyze errors of two radiosonde models manufactured by Atmospheric Instrumentation Research, Inc. The authors focus on temperature and humidity lag errors and wind errors. Errors in measurement of azimuth and elevation angles and pressure over short time intervals and at higher altitudes introduce wind vector errors greater than 5 m s(-1). Mean temperature and humidity lag errors were small, and collectively, these lag errors had little effect on the calculation of the vertically integrated water vapor content. However, individual large lag errors occurred with dramatic changes in the environment, such as near the surface or at the top of the boundary layer. Dual-sonde flights showed mean instrument error comparable;to lag error and had little effect on the calculation of the columnar water vapor content. A hypothetical consistent error of 5% in the measurement of relative humidity in a dry environment could introduce error in the calculation of columnar water vapor content up to 1 kg m(-2). C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,STORRS,CT. RP CONNELL, BH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT ST,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1070 EP 1081 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<1070:AIOREI>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QW518 UT WOS:A1995QW51800007 ER PT J AU ABRAMS, SA OBRIEN, KO LIANG, LK STUFF, JE AF ABRAMS, SA OBRIEN, KO LIANG, LK STUFF, JE TI DIFFERENCES IN CALCIUM-ABSORPTION AND KINETICS BETWEEN BLACK AND WHITE GIRLS AGED 5-16 YEARS SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN AB To assess racial differences in calcium (Ca) metabolism, we measured Ca absorption and kinetics in 89 girls (38 black and 51 white) aged 4.9-16.7 years using a dual-tracer stable isotope technique. We found significantly greater rates of fractional (0.44 +/- 0.13 vs. 0.25 +/- 0.08, p < 0.0001) and total calcium absorption (406 +/- 142 vs. 234 +/- 82 mg/day, p < 0.0003) in black than in white postmenarcheal girls. Fractional absorption of Ca was also greater in black than in white premenarcheal girls (0.39 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.30 +/- 0.10, p = 0.01). Fractional absorption of Ca was more closely correlated to Ca intake in white (r = -0.42, p = 0.002) than in black girls (r = -0.25, p = 0.14). Urinary Ca excretion was significantly lower in pre- but not postmenarcheal black girls than in white girls. Calcium kinetic values associated with bone calcium deposition were greater in black girls, indicating a greater rate of bone Ca deposition in both pre- and postmenarcheal black girls. These results suggest that the greater bone mass accumulated during childhood and adolescence in black than in white females is due, in part, to greater rates of Ca absorption in black girls. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP ABRAMS, SA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,STABLE ISOTOPE LAB,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 13 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 10 IS 5 BP 829 EP 833 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA QU603 UT WOS:A1995QU60300020 PM 7639119 ER PT J AU SALES, GD NORTON, RA AF SALES, GD NORTON, RA TI BROWNING-ASSOCIATED MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE TO INSECTS IN CORN CALLUS-TISSUE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELICOVERPA; PEROXIDASE; QUINONE; FERULIC ACID; CALLUS TISSUE; RESISTANCE; CORN ID BOUND PHENOLIC-ACIDS; EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; SITOPHILUS-ZEAMAIS; MAIZE WEEVIL; NOCTUIDAE; PEROXIDASE; OXIDASES; QUALITY; SILK AB Callus of the fungus- and insect-resistant corn inbred, Mp313E, of differing ages and degrees of brownness was tested for effects on neonate larvae of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa tea. Older, browner, 8-week-old callus caused significantly higher mortality of H. tea after two days compared to larvae fed 5-week-old callus (brown or not) or pinto bean diet. Larvae fed on the 5-week-old callus were significantly smaller after nine days compared to those fed on nonbrown callus of the same age. Ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and sinapic acid, corn allelochemicals associated with cell walls, were oxidized (produced a brown product) up to 10-fold more rapidly by peroxidase preparations of the brown callus compared to nonbrown callus. Peroxidase isozymes from both types of brown callus separated by conventional gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing showed more intense anodic/acidic bands compared to peroxidase isozymes separated from the nonbrown callus. Some additional peroxidase isozymes were also present in the brown callus and were able to oxidize ferulic acid. Conventional extraction techniques for phenolic acids indicated free ferulic acid levels were similar for same-age callus, but somewhat less for older callus; no free p-coumaric acid was detected. For esterified and insoluble-bound phenolic content, the level of p-coumaric acid was higher than that of ferulic acid and was somewhat greater in insoluble-bound fractions for the old callus compared to the younger callus. Color ratings of aqueous extracts and phenolic acid extract residues indicated much brown material remained, which was proportional in color to the original material. The differential insect response to, and peroxidase activity of, brown vs. nonbrown callus were similar to results previously noted for brown pericarps of corn compared to nonbrown pericarps. This information suggests the peroxidases are contributing to the browning through oxidation of phenolic acids and thereby enhancing resistance to insects. RP SALES, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 EI 1573-1561 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 21 IS 5 BP 583 EP 600 DI 10.1007/BF02033703 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RD318 UT WOS:A1995RD31800006 PM 24234252 ER PT J AU TOBIN, ME ENGEMAN, RM SUGIHARA, RT AF TOBIN, ME ENGEMAN, RM SUGIHARA, RT TI EFFECTS OF MONGOOSE ODORS ON RAT CAPTURE SUCCESS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HERPESTES AUROPUNCTATUS; PREDATOR ODORS; RATTUS; SEMIOCHEMICALS; TRAP SUCCESS ID STOAT MUSTELA-ERMINEA; REDUCE FEEDING DAMAGE; GOPHERS THOMOMYS-TALPOIDES; HARES LEPUS-AMERICANUS; BLACK-TAILED DEER; PREDATOR ODORS; MICROTUS-MONTANUS; FECAL ODORS; REPELLENTS; BEHAVIOR AB Wild rats, Rattus norvegicus, R. exulans, and R. rattus, avoided wire-cage live traps that had previously captured mongooses, Herpestes auropunctatus. Replacing traps soiled by mongooses with clean traps would increase rat capture success and reduce a source of experimental bias. C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP TOBIN, ME (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,POB 10880,HILO,HI 96721, USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 21 IS 5 BP 635 EP 639 DI 10.1007/BF02033706 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RD318 UT WOS:A1995RD31800009 PM 24234255 ER PT J AU YAGER, DD SPANGLER, HG AF YAGER, DD SPANGLER, HG TI CHARACTERIZATION OF AUDITORY AFFERENTS IN THE TIGER BEETLE, CICINDELA-MARUTHA DOW SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTHEARING; CICINDELIDAE; TYMPANUM; ULTRASONIC HEARING; AUDITORY SYSTEM EVOLUTION ID MANTIS PARASPHENDALE-AGRIONINA; GATED EVASIVE MANEUVERS; PRAYING-MANTIS; CHORDOTONAL ORGAN; TYMPANAL ORGANS; WING-HINGE; MOTH; ULTRASOUND; CRICKETS; HEARING AB We have identified a nerve carrying auditory afferents and characterized their physiological responses in the tiger beetle, Cicindela marutha. 1. The tympana are located at the lateral margins of the first abdominal tergum. The nerve carrying the tympanal afferents is a branch of the dorsal root from the first abdominal ganglion. 2. Both male and female auditory afferent responses are sharply tuned to 30 kHz with sensitivities of 50-55 dB SPL. 3. The auditory afferents show little adaptation and accurately code the temporal characteristics of the stimulus with the limit of a resolution of 6-10 ms. 4. The difference in threshold between contralateral and ipsilateral afferents for lateral stimuli is greatest at 30 kHz and is at least 10-15 dB. 5. Ablation studies indicate that the floppy membrane in the anterolateral corner of the tympanum is crucial for transduction while the medial portion of the tympanum is less important. 6. The tiger beetle and acridid (locust and grasshopper) ears have evolved independently from homologous peripheral structures. The neural precursor of the tympanal organs in both animals is likely the pleural chordotonal organ of the first abdominal segment. C1 USDA,ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. RP YAGER, DD (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PSYCHOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. RI Yager, David/D-1809-2010 FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC01382-03] NR 53 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-7594 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL A JI J. Comp. Physiol. A-Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 176 IS 5 BP 587 EP 599 DI 10.1007/BF01021579 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Physiology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology; Zoology GA QY597 UT WOS:A1995QY59700001 PM 7769565 ER PT J AU ANDREW, SM ERDMAN, RA WALDO, DR AF ANDREW, SM ERDMAN, RA WALDO, DR TI PREDICTION OF BODY-COMPOSITION OF DAIRY-COWS AT 3 PHYSIOLOGICAL STAGES FROM DEUTERIUM-OXIDE AND UREA DILUTION SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DAIRY COWS; BODY COMPOSITION; DEUTERIUM OXIDE ID CARCASS COMPOSITION; BEEF STEERS; CATTLE; WATER; LACTATION; SPACE AB To develop equations for predicting body composition, mature Holstein cows (n = 21) were slaughtered at three physiological stages (-7, 63, and 269 d postpartum) after consecutive intravenous dosing with urea and D2O. Blood was sampled at 0 and 12 min after dosing with urea for determination of urea space and from 0 to 72 h after dosing with D2O. Empty body water and total body water were estimated by dilution kinetics for D2O using two- and one-compartment models, respectively. At slaughter, body components were ground, sampled, and freeze-dried for chemical analysis. Prediction of empty body water by urea space was not an improvement over the prediction by body weight alone. Prediction by D2O dilution explained 73 and 87% of the variation in empty and total body water, respectively. Estimated body protein, as determined from empty body water, predicted actual body protein with an error of 4.7 kg. Daily DMI explained 84% of the variation in the DM of the gastrointestinal tract contents (DM fill). Estimations of empty body fat (R(2) = .85) and empty body energy (R(2) = .89) from D2O dilution were capable of detecting significant differences in body fat (42.9 kg) and body energy (375 Mcal) across physiological stages and might be useful for prediction of body composition changes during the lactation cycle. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,NUTRIENT CONSERVAT & METAB LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Erdman, Richard/F-6195-2010 OI Erdman, Richard/0000-0001-6954-4282 NR 35 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci PD MAY PY 1995 VL 78 IS 5 BP 1083 EP 1095 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA RB456 UT WOS:A1995RB45600014 PM 7622720 ER PT J AU MARCHANT, MA NEFF, SA AF MARCHANT, MA NEFF, SA TI INTERACTION OF UNITED-STATES AND EUROPEAN-COMMUNITY DAIRY POLICIES THROUGH THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DAIRY POLICY; UNITED STATES; EUROPEAN COMMUNITY; INTERNATIONAL MARKET AB The connections among US dairy policies, European Community dairy policies, the international market for dairy products, and the feedback from the international market to domestic markets were examined using secondary data from government sources. The US and the European Community seek to improve farm incomes using price support policies. These policies have historically encouraged overproduction and generated surpluses that resulted in excessive government stocks and large government expenditures. In the 1980s, both US and European policymakers enacted a sequence of independent policy decisions to reduce surpluses and budget costs. These policy actions interacted to produce unforeseen results in the international market that led to unusual price volatility in domestic markets. Because the European Community and US dairy subsectors have been strongly supported, insulated from the international market, and stabilized, both regions underestimated the cumulative effects of their independent policy decisions. Domestic dairy markets have effects on the international market, which, in turn, can disturb domestic markets. By explicitly considering these linkages, decision makers can choose policies more precisely, minimizing the impacts of international market disruptions on domestic producers and consumers. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20075. RP MARCHANT, MA (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGR ECON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci PD MAY PY 1995 VL 78 IS 5 BP 1191 EP 1198 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA RB456 UT WOS:A1995RB45600026 ER PT J AU BROWN, TC BARRO, SC MANFREDO, MJ PETERSON, GL AF BROWN, TC BARRO, SC MANFREDO, MJ PETERSON, GL TI DOES BETTER INFORMATION ABOUT THE GOOD AVOID THE EMBEDDING EFFECT SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ECONOMIC VALUE; CONTINGENT VALUATION; WILLINGNESS TO PAY; SUBSTITUTES; EMBEDDING EFFECT AB In contingent valuation, embedding refers to the solicitation of willingness to pay for a good that is valued as a component of a larger good. This study addressed one of the criticisms of previous embedding studies, that the good was inadequately described to respondents. We tested for the effect of embedding on willingness to pay for natural area protection under three information levels, and found that amount of information had little impact on the effect of embedding on willingness to pay-under all three information conditions, embedding significantly lowered willingness to pay. If this and other embedding studies can be interpreted as indicating that many people consider related public goods to be close substitutes, then embedding studies demonstrate the considerable sensitivity of respondents to information about substitutes. Successful use of contingent valuation to value public goods relies on agreement about how to present information about substitutes. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV, HUMAN DIMENS NAT RESOURCES UNIT, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. RP BROWN, TC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, 240 W PROSPECT ST, FT COLLINS, CO 80524 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 44 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1006/jema.1995.0026 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RC718 UT WOS:A1995RC71800001 ER PT J AU HARRIS, BL NIPP, TL WAGGONER, DK WEBER, A AF HARRIS, BL NIPP, TL WAGGONER, DK WEBER, A TI AGRICULTURAL WATER-QUALITY PROGRAM POLICY CONSIDERATIONS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Congress, in dealing with the Coastal Zone Management Act and Amendments, and the Clean Water Act reauthorization, has placed increased attention on agricultural point and nonpoint-source pollution. A structure (''tiered and targeted'') for integrating voluntary, incentive-based, and regulatory approaches to address agricultural point and nonpoint-source pollution is proposed, in keeping with the administration's commitment to use voluntary programs to the extent possible, but applying regulatory programs where necessary. The focus of this article is on agricultural sources of nonpoint-source pollution and the appropriate mix of federal, state, and local programs for necessary control actions. Specific suggestions are offered for improving existing programs and appropriate roles are suggested for land-grant universities in responding to pollution demands. C1 USDA,EXTENS SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP HARRIS, BL (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT CROP & SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 24 IS 3 BP 405 EP 411 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QW896 UT WOS:A1995QW89600001 ER PT J AU JONES, OR SMITH, SJ SOUTHWICK, LM SHARPLEY, AN AF JONES, OR SMITH, SJ SOUTHWICK, LM SHARPLEY, AN TI ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF DRYLAND RESIDUE MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS IN THE SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF; TRANSPORT; PHOSPHORUS; ATRAZINE; TILLAGE; CULTURE AB Increased use of agricultural chemicals with no-tillage (NT) may negatively impact the environment through chemical or nutrient loss in runoff or by leaching below the root zone. We compared environmental impacts of NT and the lower chemical input stubble mulch (SM) management methods for dryland crop production on a clay loam soil in a semiarid environment. We measured runoff volume and sediment, nutrient, and triazine concentrations in runoff for 9 yr from seven field-sized watersheds (2-5 ha each) cropped in a dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]-fallow sequence with SM or NT management with no N or P fertilizer added. We analyzed soil cores to a 6-m depth for NO3--N and to a 3-m depth for atrazine and propazine content. Adoption of NT management reduced sediment loss by 54% compared with SM, although annual runoff was 15 mm yr(-1) greater from NT. Nutrient concentrations and losses (NO3--N, NH4+-N, TN, soluble P, biologically available P, TP) in runoff were extremely small from both tillage systems (losses <3 kg N and <1 kg P ha(-1) yr(-1)) on these unfertilized watersheds. Atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] did not accumulate in the soil or leach below the root zone. Maximal losses of atrazine and propazine in runoff were 0.26 and 1.5% of total application, respectively. Propazine [6-chloro-N,N'-bis(1methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], applied to both NT and SM sorghum when runoff is probable, appears to have a greater potential for negatively impacting the environment under semiarid conditions than does atrazine, which is applied when runoff probability is small. Propazine accumulated in the soil profile but was undetected below 0.6 m. Perhaps the most detrimental impact of adopting NT management was increased leaching of NO3--N to depths below the plant root zone as a result of wetter soil and improved water conservation with NT in the semiarid environment. C1 USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,DURANT,OK 74702. USDA ARS,BATON ROUGE,LA 70894. RP JONES, OR (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 24 IS 3 BP 453 EP 460 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QW896 UT WOS:A1995QW89600008 ER PT J AU POUYAT, RV MCDONNELL, MJ PICKETT, STA AF POUYAT, RV MCDONNELL, MJ PICKETT, STA TI SOIL CHARACTERISTICS OF OAK STANDS ALONG AN URBAN-RURAL LAND-USE GRADIENT SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK; PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN SATURATION; AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEM; FOREST; DEPOSITION; LEAD; TRANSFORMATIONS AB Urban-rural land-use gradients are environmental gradients determined by human-built structures and human activity. Although gradients of land use are readily measurable, little is known about the effects of urbanization on forest soil properties. In this research, soil properties were quantified in oak stands (Quercus sp.) along an urban-rural transect in the New York City metropolitan area. A suite of 25 soil chemical properties were subjected to a Principal Component Analysis to ordinate stands. The first principal component (PCI) accounted for 42.3% of the variation. Positive loadings of PC1 corresponded to high concentrations of Pb, Cu, Ni, Ca, Mg, and K; high total soluble salt concentrations; high organic matter; high total N; and slightly more soil acidity. Stands located closer to the urban core had positive loadings on PC1; sites located beyond 30 km of the urban core had negative loadings. The variation accounted for by PC1 wits significantly explained (P < 0.005) by measures of urban development quantified along the transect, including percent urban cover (r(2) = 0.735), population density (r(2) = 0.700), traffic volume (r(2) = 0.778), and read density (r(2) = 0.700). Of the heavy metals measured, Cu and Pb showed a 2.5- to fourfold increase in concentration from the rural to the urban land use types, with maximum concentrations for Cu reaching 49.3 mg kg(-1) and Pb 181.4 mg kg(-1) in the urban sites, repectively. More transects must be established in this and other metropolitan areas to build a data base to develop predictive models of ecosystem change, given the amount and type of urban development in a landscape. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,BARTLETT ARBORETUM,STAMFORD,CT 06903. RP POUYAT, RV (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST ECOSYST STUDIES,NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXP STN,POB AB,MILLBROOK,NY 12545, USA. OI McDonnell, Mark J./0000-0002-7937-6566 NR 79 TC 79 Z9 99 U1 6 U2 49 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 24 IS 3 BP 516 EP 526 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QW896 UT WOS:A1995QW89600017 ER PT J AU THAYER, DW BOYD, G FOX, JB LAKRITZ, L AF THAYER, DW BOYD, G FOX, JB LAKRITZ, L TI EFFECTS OF NACL, SUCROSE, AND WATER-CONTENT ON THE SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM ON IRRADIATED PORK AND CHICKEN SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE IRRADIATION; PORK; CHICKEN; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; SALT; WATER ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GAMMA-RADIATION; MEAT AB We investigated the effects of water content, activity, sodium chloride (NaCl) and sucrose contents on the survival of Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 in irradiated mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) and ground pork loin. The effects of NaCl and sucrose concentration were investigated by adding various amounts to MDCM or ground pork loin, or by rehydrating freeze-dried ground pork loin with NaCl solutions with various degrees of saturation. The effects of water content were investigated by rehydrating freeze-dried ground pork loin with different quantities of water. Inoculated samples were irradiated at 5 degrees C in vacuo to various doses up to 6.0 kGy. Highly significant effects (p < 0.01) of water content, water activity (a(w)) and NaCl content, but not of sucrose content, on the survival of S. tryphimurium were identified. The failure of sucrose to provide the same protection for S. typhimurium in meat against radiation argues against reduced water activity being a primary mechanism of protection. The results indicate that the survival of foodborne pathogens on irradiated meats with reduced water content or increased NaCl levels may be greater than expected. RP THAYER, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 58 IS 5 BP 490 EP 496 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA RA620 UT WOS:A1995RA62000004 ER PT J AU REINA, LD FLEMING, HP HUMPHRIES, EG AF REINA, LD FLEMING, HP HUMPHRIES, EG TI MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF CUCUMBER HYDROCOOLING WATER WITH CHLORINE DIOXIDE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE CHLORINE DIOXIDE; CUCUMBER; HYDROCOOLING; MICROBIOLOGY ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES AB The time required to cool size 2B (3.43 to 3.75-cm-diameter) pickling cucumbers by a commercial spray-type hydrocooler to less than 9 degrees C was about Is min at typical initial fruit temperatures of 25 to 29 degrees C. During this period, the fruit was exposed to the recycled water, which reached relatively high populations of bacteria (10(6) to 10(7) colony forming unites [CFU]/g total aerobes and 10(5) to 10(6) CFU/g total Enterobacteriaceae) during a typical day's operation. These numbers exceeded those present on the unwashed fruit, depending upon the volume of fruit previously cooled. Residual chlorine dioxide at 1.3 ppm was found to optimally control (2 to 6 log-cycles reduction) the numbers of bacteria. At 0.95 ppm chlorine dioxide, the numbers of bacteria in the water were relatively static, while at 2.8 and 5.1 ppm the odor of chlorine dioxide became excessive. The bacterial populations in/on the cucumbers were not greatly influenced by chlorine dioxide, even at 5.1 ppm. Apparently, microorganisms on or in the fruit were protected from the chlorine dioxide. Thus, the use of chlorine dioxide in hydrocooling water of cucumbers seems to be an effective means of controlling microbial build-up in the water, but has little effect upon microorganisms on or in the fruit. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 27 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 58 IS 5 BP 541 EP 546 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA RA620 UT WOS:A1995RA62000014 ER PT J AU KLAVONS, JA BENNETT, RD AF KLAVONS, JA BENNETT, RD TI PREPARATION OF ALKYL ESTERS OF PECTIN AND PECTIC ACID SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PECTIN; PECTIC ACID; ALKYL ESTERS; ESTERS; HYDROPHOBIC ID DIETARY AB Alkyl esters of pectin and pectic acid have been prepared via three different synthetic routes. Enhancements of intrinsic viscosity, binding to bile acids and to isolated soy protein were shown for these novel pectin derivatives. The development of new and improved pectin-containing products may be enhanced by the ease of preparation and improved functionality of such compounds. RP KLAVONS, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MWA,NCAUR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 60 IS 3 BP 513 EP 515 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb09815.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA RC227 UT WOS:A1995RC22700020 ER PT J AU FOX, JB LAKRITZ, L HAMPSON, J RICHARDSON, R WARD, K THAYER, DW AF FOX, JB LAKRITZ, L HAMPSON, J RICHARDSON, R WARD, K THAYER, DW TI GAMMA-IRRADIATION EFFECTS ON THIAMIN AND RIBOFLAVIN IN BEEF, LAMB, PORK, AND TURKEY SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MEATS; GAMMA IRRADIATION; POULTRY; THIAMIN; RIBOFLAVIN ID CHICKEN; VITAMINS AB A study was made of the loss of thiamin and riboflavin due to gamma irradiation of beef, lamb and pork longissimus dorsi, turkey breast and leg muscles. Thiamin losses averaged ll%/kiloGray (kGy) and riboflavin losses 2.5%/kGy above three kGy. The rate of loss of thiamin in beef was higher than that in lamb, pork and turkey leg, but not turkey breast, with losses of 16%/kGy in beef and 8%/kGy in lamb. The rate of thiamin loss was not related to sulfhydryl, protein, moisture, fat or water content, pH or reducing capacity by redox titration. Loss of riboflavin was not different among species. Any detriment from such slight losses would seem to be more than compensated by the advantage of controlling bacteriological contamination by irradiation processing. RP FOX, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 60 IS 3 BP 596 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb09835.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA RC227 UT WOS:A1995RC22700040 ER PT J AU PALMER, JF SHANNON, S HARRILCHAK, MA GOBSTER, PH KOKX, T AF PALMER, JF SHANNON, S HARRILCHAK, MA GOBSTER, PH KOKX, T TI AESTHETICS OF CLEARCUTTING - ALTERNATIVES IN THE WHITE MOUNTAIN NATIONAL FOREST SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,CHICAGO,IL. US FOREST SERV,WHITE MT NATL FOREST,LACONIA,NH. RP PALMER, JF (reprint author), SUNY COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY,1 FORESTRY DR,SYRACUSE,NY 13210, USA. RI Gobster, Paul/A-2826-2013 OI Gobster, Paul/0000-0002-8576-0310 NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 93 IS 5 BP 37 EP 42 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QW528 UT WOS:A1995QW52800013 ER PT J AU SACAMANO, PL MCPHERSON, EG MYHRE, RJ STANKOVICH, M WEIH, RC AF SACAMANO, PL MCPHERSON, EG MYHRE, RJ STANKOVICH, M WEIH, RC TI DESCRIBING URBAN FOREST COVER - AN EVALUATION OF AIRBORNE VIDEOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,MONTICELLO,AR. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,DAVIS,CA. US FOREST SERV,FPM,MAG,FT COLLINS,CO. RP SACAMANO, PL (reprint author), DAVEY RESOURCE GRP,TECH SERV,WESTERN REG,18008 SKYPARK CIRCLE,SUITE 265,IRVINE,CA 92714, USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 93 IS 5 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QW528 UT WOS:A1995QW52800014 ER PT J AU BRUMMER, EC NICKELL, AD WILCOX, JR SHOEMAKER, RC AF BRUMMER, EC NICKELL, AD WILCOX, JR SHOEMAKER, RC TI MAPPING THE FAN LOCUS CONTROLLING LINOLENIC ACID CONTENT IN SOYBEAN OIL SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Note ID TRAITS AB Reducing the content oi linolenic acid to improve soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil quality is a desirable breeding objective, An F-2 population derived from a cross between a low linolenic mutant, C1640 (fanfan), and a high linolenic accession, PI 479.750 (FanFan) was used to map the Fan locus. Because linolenic acid seemed to be inherited as a quantitative trait in this cross, MapMaker-QTL was used to place Fan dose to RFLP markers pB194-1 and pB124 on linkage group B2. localization of this locus to the soybean genetic map may be useful for molecular biologists interested in cloning the gene or for geneticists interested in identifying modifying genes. C1 ASGROW SEED CO,JANESVILLE,WI. PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,FCR,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,FCR,DEPT ZOOL & GENET,AMES,IA 50011. RP BRUMMER, EC (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 86 IS 3 BP 245 EP 247 PG 3 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA RB302 UT WOS:A1995RB30200016 ER PT J AU KUHNLE, RA AF KUHNLE, RA TI INCIPIENT MOTION OF SAND-GRAVEL SEDIMENT MIXTURES - CLOSURE SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion RP KUHNLE, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 1995 VL 121 IS 5 BP 448 EP 450 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1995)121:5(448.2) PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA QV017 UT WOS:A1995QV01700018 ER PT J AU MARTZ, LW GARBRECHT, J AF MARTZ, LW GARBRECHT, J TI AUTOMATED RECOGNITION OF VALLEY LINES AND DRAINAGE NETWORKS FROM GRID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS - A REVIEW AND A NEW METHOD - COMMENT SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,DURANT,OK 74702. RP MARTZ, LW (reprint author), UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,DEPT GEOG,SASKATOON,SK S7N 0W0,CANADA. NR 5 TC 33 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 167 IS 1-4 BP 393 EP 396 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)02619-M PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA QQ227 UT WOS:A1995QQ22700022 ER PT J AU URBAN, JF MALISZEWSKI, CR MADDEN, KB KATONA, IM FINKELMAN, FD AF URBAN, JF MALISZEWSKI, CR MADDEN, KB KATONA, IM FINKELMAN, FD TI IL-4 TREATMENT CAN CURE ESTABLISHED GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE INFECTIONS IN IMMUNOCOMPETENT AND IMMUNODEFICIENT MICE SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED INTESTINAL MASTOCYTOSIS; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; IGE RESPONSE; HELIGMOSOMOIDES-POLYGYRUS; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; CELL-LINES; T-CELLS; MURINE AB We examined the ability of a long acting formulation of IL-4 (IL-4/anti-IL-4 mAb complexes) to limit established infections of normal and immune deficient mice with two nematode parasites: Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. IL-4, at a dose of 5 to 20 mu g every 3 to 4 days, rapidly decreased egg production and, over a period of 6 to 9 days, terminated infection in H. polygyrus-inoculated BALB/c mice. IL-4 treatment also considerably decreased egg production in H. polygyrus-inoculated CB.17 severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice and terminated infection in N. brasiliensis-inoculated SCID mice and anti-CD4 mAb-treated BALB/c mice. IL-4 was less effective at limiting H. polygyrus infection if administrated when parasites were in larval stages than if administered after adult worms had developed. The effects of IL-4 were inhibited completely by an mAb that specifically blocks the mouse IL-4R. These observations demonstrate that IL-4 can limit the fecundity and survival of gastrointestinal nematode parasites through effects on the host that are independent of the specific immune system. C1 IMMUNEX RES & DEV CORP,DEPT IMMUNOL,SEATTLE,WA 98101. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PEDIAT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MED,BETHESDA,MD 20814. RP URBAN, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R29-AI26150, R01-AI21328] NR 43 TC 137 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 1 PY 1995 VL 154 IS 9 BP 4675 EP 4684 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA QU825 UT WOS:A1995QU82500047 PM 7722320 ER PT J AU HAYMAN, GT MANNARELLI, BM LEATHERS, TD AF HAYMAN, GT MANNARELLI, BM LEATHERS, TD TI PRODUCTION OF CAROTENOIDS BY PHAFFIA-RHODOZYMA GROWN ON MEDIA COMPOSED OF CORN WET-MILLING COPRODUCTS SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ASTAXANTHIN; YEAST; PIGMENT; CORN WET-MILLING ID YEAST; ASTAXANTHIN; MUTANTS AB Natural isolates of the carotenoid-producing yeast Phaffia rhodozyma were analyzed for their ability to grow and to produce carotenoids in culture media composed exclusively of co-products of corn wet-milling for fuel ethanol production. Five P. rhodozyma strains were tested for biomass produced (dry weight) and carotenoid yield. Six co-products were examined, ranging in cost from approximately $0.02 per kg to $0.11 per kg, all less expensive than conventional or agricultural growth substrates previously tested. The three co-products allowing the greatest accumulation of biomass and carotenoids by P. rhodozyma were thin stillage (TS), corn condensed distiller's solubles (CCDS) and corn gluten feed (CGF). Of the medium compositions tested, 10-15% CGF, 70% TS and 6-8% CCDS generally allowed maximum carotenoid production. Cultures grown in these three media produced up to 65%, 148% and 104% of the carotenoid yield per mi of yeast extract/malt extract (YM) cultures, respectively. Under the conditions tested, this was at an approximate medium cost of $0.67 per g carotenoids for CCDS and $0.73 per g for CGF as compared to $385.00 per g for YM. These results indicate that certain co-products of corn wet-milling can serve, at the appropriate concentration, as efficient, economical substrates for growth and carotenoid production by Phaffia rhodozyma. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 13 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HANTS, ENGLAND RG21 2XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5 BP 389 EP 395 DI 10.1007/BF01569956 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RG835 UT WOS:A1995RG83500006 ER PT J AU FETT, WF WIJEY, C AF FETT, WF WIJEY, C TI YIELDS OF ALGINATES PRODUCED BY FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS IN BATCH CULTURE SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALGINATE; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE; FRUCTOSE ID AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII; AERUGINOSA; MENDOCINA AB Saprophytic and plant pathogenic fluorescent pseudomonads are possible sources of bacterial alginates to be used as substitutes for algal alginates for certain commercial applications. In this study, a total of 115 strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas species (P. cichorii, P. fluorescens, P. syringae and P. viridiflava) were tested for yields of alginates when grown in batch culture in a proprietary liquid medium (PLM). The PLM contained either fructose or glucose (both at 5%, w/v) as the primary carbon and energy source. For comparison, selected strains were also grown in a modified Vogel and Bonner medium (MVBM) containing gluconate (5%, w/v) and formulated to support maximal alginate production by the human pathogen P. aeruginosa. After five days of incubation at 24 degrees C with shaking (250-300 r.p.m.), alginates were harvested from the culture fluids by precipitation with three volumes of isopropanol. Maximum yields of alginates, based on assays for uronic acid content of precipitable material, were 5 g L(-1) for PLM with fructose, 3 g L(-1) for PLM with glucose and 9 g L(-1) for MVBM. RP FETT, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HANTS, ENGLAND RG21 2XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5 BP 412 EP 415 DI 10.1007/BF01569959 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RG835 UT WOS:A1995RG83500009 ER PT J AU ADAMS, TS NELSON, DR FATLAND, CL AF ADAMS, TS NELSON, DR FATLAND, CL TI EFFECTS OF METHYLALKANES ON MALE HOUSE-FLY, MUSCA-DOMESTICA, SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2-METHYLTRIACONTANE; 10,14-DIMETHYLTRIACONTANE ARRESTANT; COPULATORY ATTEMPTS; STRIKES; PHEROMONE; HYDROCARBON ID PHEROMONE; HYDROCARBONS; TSETSE; DIMETHYLALKANES; IDENTIFICATION; COMPONENTS AB Methylalkane fractions from the cuticular lipids of sexually mature female Musca domestica were bioassayed at a concentration of 1-2 female equivalents for their effects on male courtship behavior that was directed towards treated knots or thumb tacks, Two hydrocarbons, 2-methyltriacontane and 10,14-dimethyltriacontane, were identified in the active fractions and increased the total amount of time spent on male models from 126 s in the controls to 696 s for 2-methyltriacontane at 0.05 mu g and 732 s for 10,14-dimethyltriacontane at 0.25 mu g. The longest time per contact, 76.8 s, was found for models treated with 0.25 mu g of 10,14-dimethyltriacontane. Both of these materials also increased the number of contacts and copulatory attempts made with the treated models. RP ADAMS, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 41 IS 5 BP 443 EP 449 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(94)00108-S PG 7 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA QZ732 UT WOS:A1995QZ73200010 ER PT J AU STEENHUIS, TS WINCHELL, M ROSSING, J ZOLLWEG, JA WALTER, MF AF STEENHUIS, TS WINCHELL, M ROSSING, J ZOLLWEG, JA WALTER, MF TI SCS RUNOFF EQUATION REVISITED FOR VARIABLE-SOURCE RUNOFF AREAS SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID EVALUATING PARTIAL AREAS; WATERSHED RUNOFF AB Simple methods for predicting runoff from watersheds are important in engineering practice, particularly in flood forecasting and water-balance calculation. In this paper, we illustrate that the often used SCS runoff curve-number approach in its most elementary form can be derived from assuming that only the saturated areas contribute to direct runoff. With this approach the initial abstraction or the amount of water required before runoff starts is equal to air-filled pore space per unit area for the most shallow soil in the watershed. Air-filled pore space throughout the year was calculated with aid of the simple water balance employing the Thornthwaite-Mather procedure for the most shallow soil in the watershed. By plotting the effective precipitation defined as the amount of precipitation minus the initial abstraction against the observed runoff for two watersheds in Australia and three in the northeastern United States we found that the SCS curve-number equation in its elementary form fitted the data well. C1 USDA ARS,PASTURE RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP STEENHUIS, TS (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,RILEY ROBB HALL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 12 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 19 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 121 IS 3 BP 234 EP 238 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1995)121:3(234) PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA QY923 UT WOS:A1995QY92300001 ER PT J AU COOK, BJ PRYOR, NW AF COOK, BJ PRYOR, NW TI STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MUSCLES AND EPITHELIAL SHEATHS OF THE OVIDUCT OF STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE VISCERAL MUSCLE; ULTRASTRUCTURE; SUPER CONTRACTION ID STABLE FLY; MUSCULATURE; HEMOLYMPH AB Fine structure of both muscle and epithelial cells in the oviduct of Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) was characterized. Each tubular section of the oviduct consisted of an inner epithelial sheath enveloped by an outer network of muscle fibers that shelved noticeable variation in cross-sectional thickness. Some regions consisted of a single cellular layer whereas others were composed of two or more layers of cells. Moreover, a wide variation in muscle fiber orientation was observed, with some cells appearing circular and others appearing nearly longitudinal. The myofibrils of oviduct muscles were separated into sarcomeres of irregular alignment. The classical A (1 mu m in length) and I bands of myofilaments were evident, but the Z disk consisted of discontinuous rows of dense bodies. In partially contracted muscle cells, some myofilaments of the A band passed between the dense bodies of the Z band. T-system tubules were evident and formed dyads with sarcoplasmic reticulum. The structural integrity of the oviduct was maintained by connective tissue strands between muscles and the epithelial sheath. Many of these strands consisted of basal lamina. Epithelial cells that line the inner sheath of the oviduct were cuboidal. In transection, these cells revealed a prominent apical microvillar region xith large numbers of mitochondria and an extensive infolding of the basal plasma membrane. RP COOK, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 32 IS 3 BP 328 EP 337 PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA QW429 UT WOS:A1995QW42900016 PM 7616524 ER PT J AU HOLBROOK, FR AF HOLBROOK, FR TI RUBIDIUM IN FEMALE CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS SONORENSIS (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) AFTER ENGORGEMENT ON A RUBIDIUM-TREATED HOST SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Note DE CULICOIDES; RUBIDIUM; MARKER ID MARKING; INSECTS AB A rabbit given an intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg/kg of rubidium chloride retained elevated blood levels of Rb+ for at least 30 d with no overt effects. All Culicoides variipennis sonorensis (Wirth & Jones) females that fed on the rabbit 1, 4, 7, and 14 d after injection were marked with Rb+ when engorged (day 1), and 95% were marked when gravid (day 31). At 7 d, 79% of flies were marked, and 16% exhibited elevated levels after 14 d. Eggs laid 3-4 d after feeding contained elevated Rb+ levels, and the rapid decline in Rb+ content in females was associated with metabolism of the blood meal and oviposition. RP HOLBROOK, FR (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,UNIV STN,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 32 IS 3 BP 387 EP 389 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA QW429 UT WOS:A1995QW42900025 PM 7616533 ER PT J AU HAN, O FAILLA, ML HILL, AD MORRIS, ER SMITH, JC AF HAN, O FAILLA, ML HILL, AD MORRIS, ER SMITH, JC TI REDUCTION OF FE(III) IS REQUIRED FOR UPTAKE OF NONHEME IRON BY CACO-2 CELLS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CACO-2 HUMAN CELL LINE; FERRIREDUCTASE; IRON ABSORPTION; ASCORBIC ACID ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; BINDING PROTEIN; DUODENAL MUCOSA; ASCORBIC-ACID; LINE CACO-2; ABSORPTION; TRANSPORT; SYSTEM; COLON; RATS AB Differentiated cultures of Caco-2 human colonic cells were used to examine the importance of reduction of nonheme ferric iron, Fe(III), for transport across the brush border surface. Cultures accumulated similar to 100 pmol Fe/(h . mg protein) when 10 mu mol Fe(III) as the nitrilotriacetic acid complex (1Fe:2NTA) was added to the apical compartment. Ascorbic acid enhanced cellular acquisition of iron in a dose-dependent manner, with a concentration as low as 8 mu mol/L ascorbate increasing iron uptake by 50%. Similarly, the rate of iron transport from the apical to the basolateral compartment increased 5.6- and 30-fold when 100 and 1000 mu mol/L ascorbic acid, respectively, were present in the apical chamber. Ascorbate-mediated stimulation of iron uptake was temperature dependent and required the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II), because it was inhibited by ascorbate oxidase and chelators of Fe(II). Moreover, Caco-2 cells recycled dehydroascorbic acid to ascorbic acid. Ferricyanide and Fe(II) chelators also partially inhibited iron uptake from a medium devoid of ascorbic acid. Intact Caco-2 cells exhibited a ferrireductase activity on the apical surface that accounted for the majority of iron accumulated by cells incubated in the absence of exogenous reductant. These data suggest that reduction of Fe(III) within the lumen or at the cell surface is required for transfer of this essential micronutrient across the intestinal brush border surface. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT FOOD NUTR & FOOD SERV MANAGEMENT,GREENSBORO,NC 27412. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS & FUNCT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 39 TC 117 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 125 IS 5 BP 1291 EP 1299 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QX169 UT WOS:A1995QX16900019 PM 7738689 ER PT J AU GOFF, JP HORST, RL AF GOFF, JP HORST, RL TI ASSESSING ADEQUACY OF CHOLECALCIFEROL SUPPLEMENTATION IN CHICKS USING PLASMA CHOLECALCIFEROL METABOLITE CONCENTRATIONS AS AN INDICATOR SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-D; CHICKS; BONE; 1,25-DIHYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL; CHOLECALCIFEROL ID VITAMIN-D; BONE; PHOSPHORUS; CALCIUM AB Cholecalciferol (vitamin D) deficiency rickets remains an occasional problem in poultry. Diagnosis currently relies on analysis of feed and histopathological examination of bone. These experiments were designed to provide data that might allow diagnosis of cholecalciferol deficiency on the basis of plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, a circulating metabolite of cholecalciferol. Day-old broiler chicks were fed corn-soybean meal or purified ingredient cholecalciferol-deficient diets supplemented with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 37.5 or 75 mu g cholecalciferol/kg diet. Plasma and bone samples were collected 21 d later. Chicks fed the unsupplemented purified ingredient diet became truly deficient, having no detectable plasma concentrations of the cholecalciferol metabolites 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, or 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Chicks fed the corn-soybean meal diet without supplementation had low but detectable concentrations of both 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in plasma. Body weight, bone calcium and bone phosphorus concentrations of chicks fed the corn-soybean meal diet suggest that the cholecalciferol requirement of broiler chicks is at least 10 mu g/kg diet. At this dietary level of cholecalciferol, plasma 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol concentration was 12.5 nmol/L. One hundred percent of the theoretical maximal response in body weight and bone calcium content was seen at 20 mu g cholecalciferol/kg diet, which increased plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentration to 25 nmol/L in the chicks fed the corn-soybean meal diet. These data provide a nomogram of plasma 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol concentration that can be expected from including different concentrations of cholecalciferol in the diet, and also offer a means of diagnosing cholecalciferol deficiency in field cases of rickets. RP GOFF, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 125 IS 5 BP 1351 EP 1357 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QX169 UT WOS:A1995QX16900026 PM 7738694 ER PT J AU BHARGAVA, A REEDS, PJ AF BHARGAVA, A REEDS, PJ TI REQUIREMENTS FOR WHAT - IS THE MEASUREMENT OF ENERGY-EXPENDITURE A SUFFICIENT ESTIMATE OF ENERGY NEEDS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES; PHYSIOLOGY; DIET C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP BHARGAVA, A (reprint author), UNIV HOUSTON,DEPT ECON,HOUSTON,TX 77204, USA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 125 IS 5 BP 1358 EP 1362 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QX169 UT WOS:A1995QX16900027 PM 7738695 ER PT J AU GERRIOR, SA GUTHRIE, JF FOX, JJ LUTZ, SM KEANE, TP BASIOTIS, PP AF GERRIOR, SA GUTHRIE, JF FOX, JJ LUTZ, SM KEANE, TP BASIOTIS, PP TI DIFFERENCES IN THE DIETARY QUALITY OF ADULTS LIVING IN SINGLE VERSUS MULTIPERSON HOUSEHOLDS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION LA English DT Article AB Because nearly 25% of American adults live in single-person households, it is important to examine the quality of their diets. Using data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's 1987-88 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey, we compared the diets of adults living in single-person households to those living in multiperson households by selected sex-age groups. Dietary quality was examined in terms of intake as a percent of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for 15 essential nutrients, a measure of dietary adequacy, and of intake of fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium, a measure of dietary moderation. To facilitate comparisons, indices reflecting dietary adequacy and dietary moderation were constructed. Overall, single women and men reported fewer intakes meeting the RDA and consequently had lower dietary adequacy scores than their counterparts in multiperson households. However, these individuals had significantly better dietary moderation scores than their counterparts in multiperson households. Based on these results, the dietary moderation and dietary adequacy indices may be useful for identification of factors influencing overall diets and for prediction of dietary status of groups of individuals sharing common characteristics. These indices may also be valuable to nutrition educators because they provide measures of dietary compliance with specific aspects of current dietary recommendations. RP GERRIOR, SA (reprint author), USDA,CNPP,1120 20TH ST NW,STE 200,N LOBBY,WASHINGTON,DC 20036, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON ST, PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON ON L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0022-3182 J9 J NUTR EDUC JI J. Nutr. Educ. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 27 IS 3 BP 113 EP 119 PG 7 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA RA845 UT WOS:A1995RA84500003 ER PT J AU GUTHRIE, JF TAYLOR, ML AF GUTHRIE, JF TAYLOR, ML TI TEACHING ETHICS TO COMMUNITY NUTRITION STUDENTS - A CASE-STUDY APPROACH SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION LA English DT Note RP GUTHRIE, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,10-M S WAY,GREENBELT,MD 20770, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON ST, PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON ON L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0022-3182 J9 J NUTR EDUC JI J. Nutr. Educ. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 27 IS 3 BP B157 EP B158 PG 2 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA RA845 UT WOS:A1995RA84500010 ER PT J AU LAI, CC HUANG, WH ASKARI, A KLEVAY, LM CHIU, TH AF LAI, CC HUANG, WH ASKARI, A KLEVAY, LM CHIU, TH TI EXPRESSION OF GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE AND CATALASE IN COPPER-DEFICIENT RAT-LIVER AND HEART SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE; CATALASE; COPPER DEFICIENCY; FREE RADICALS; LIVER; HEART ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; MESSENGER-RNA; CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; S-TRANSFERASE; SELENIUM; TISSUES; DISMUTASE; SUPPLEMENTATION; DOXORUBICIN AB Oxidative stress resulting from dietary copper deficiency in rats differentially regulates the expression of copper/zinc- and manganese-superoxide dismutases in the liver and heart. It was hypothesized that the expression of catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the non-copper-containing antioxidant enzymes, in the rat heart and liver may also be regulated by dietary copper deprivation. The expression of the activities, protein concentrations, and mRNA levels for glutathione peroxidase and catalase were studied in the liver and heart of rats made copper-deficient for 4 weeks. The activities and mRNA levels for liver selenium (Se)-dependent glutathione peroxidase and catalase as well as the immunoreactive protein concentration for the catalase were reduced to a similar extent in copper-deficient animals, which suggests transcriptional regulation. The mRNA, activity, and protein concentration for the myocardial catalase were increased in copper-deficient rats. However, the increase was larger for the mRNA than for the activity and protein concentration; this indicates that its regulation probably involves both transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase was not changed in the heart of copper-deficient rats. These results demonstrate that dietary copper deficiency in rats differentially alters the expression of Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase and catalase in the liver and heart. C1 MED COLL OHIO,DEPT PHARMACOL,TOLEDO,OH 43699. MED COLL OHIO,DEPT SURG,TOLEDO,OH 43699. USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 50 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 6 IS 5 BP 256 EP 262 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(95)00014-Q PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA RA837 UT WOS:A1995RA83700004 ER PT J AU HEITSCHMIDT, RK GRINGS, EE HAFERKAMP, MR KARL, MG AF HEITSCHMIDT, RK GRINGS, EE HAFERKAMP, MR KARL, MG TI HERBAGE DYNAMICS ON 2 NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS RANGE SITES SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ABOVEGROUND NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ACID DETERGENT FIBER; CRUDE PROTEIN; ECOLOGICAL CONDITION; FORAGE QUALITY; NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; SPECIES COMPOSITION ID PRAIRIE AB Quantity and quality of forage produced are primary determinants of level of livestock production derived from grazing lands, Moreover, species composition of herbage is often considered a primary determinant of the ecological condition of rangelands, The broad objective of this study was to quantify the productivity, growth dynamics, and quality of herbage growing on 2 Northern Great Plains range sites and to concurrently relate magnitude and composition of production to the ecological condition of the sites, Using frequent harvest techniques, the 2-year study showed herbage production on the highly productive silty range site averaged 219 g m(-2) as compared to 218 g m(-2) on the supposedly less productive Clay pan range site. The primary reason the clay pan site proved to be as productive as the silty site was attributed to the greater amounts of introduced annual grasses on the clay pan (148 g m(-2)) than the silty site (104 g m(-2)), The annual grass component on the clay pan was a near equal mix (71 vs 51 g m(-2)) of Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus Thunb,) and cheatgrass (B. tectorum L,) whereas the ovenwhelming dominant on the silty site was cheatgrass (73 g m(-2)), Western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii Rydb, (Love)] was the dominant perennial grass on both sites averaging 49 g m(-2) on the clay pan site and 57 g m(-2) on the silty site, There were minimal differences between sites in terms of nutrient quality values (i.e., crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber) with results showing clearly that age of tissue was the major factor altering seasonal forage quality values, Range condition analyses revealed the clay pan site was in fair ecological condition and the silty site was in good condition, Study results demonstrate the need for land management agencies to continue to refine productivity estimates as well as adopt new techniques for assessing the ecological condition of rangelands. RP HEITSCHMIDT, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 48 IS 3 BP 211 EP 217 DI 10.2307/4002423 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QX772 UT WOS:A1995QX77200005 ER PT J AU RIES, RE HOFMANN, L AF RIES, RE HOFMANN, L TI GRASS SEEDLING MORPHOLOGY WHEN PLANTED AT DIFFERENT DEPTHS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE MESOCOTYL; LEAF INTERNODES; COLEOPTILE; NODES; ROOTS; CROWN DEPTH; WESTERN WHEATGRASS; SIDEOATS GRAMA; SMOOTH BROMEGRASS ID SEEDING DEPTH; WINTER-WHEAT; BLUE GRAMA; EMERGENCE AB Depth of planting has been acknowledged in the literature as a factor which modifies grass seedling morphology. However, the type and extent of this modification has not been clearly documented. A growth chamber study was conducted to evaluate the mesocotyl, coleoptile, and leaf internode development of smooth bromegrass 'Lincoln' (Bromus inermis Leyss.), sideoats grama 'Pierre' [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.], and western wheatgrass 'Rodan' [Agropyron smithii Rydb.; syn. = Pascopyron smithii Rydb. (Love)] seedlings when planted at 6, 25, 51, 76, and 102-mm soil depths. Environmental conditions within the growth chamber were held constant for all treatments. Mesocotyl, coleptile, and/or leaf internodes did not elongate equally for all planting depths. Shallow-planting lessened elongation while deep planting maximized elongation within the genetic limits possible for each species and individual genotype. When evaluating grass seedling morphology, regardless of species or seed size, planting depth must be great enough to allow inherent genetic expression in the development and elongation of the mesocotyl, coleoptile, and leaf internodes. When planting for a grass stand, the sower should keep in mind that percent emergence for smooth bromegrass, sideoats grama, and western wheatgrass decreased significantly when planted deeper than 26, 8, and 52 mm, respectively. Adventitious root numbers at the coleoptilar node decreased significantly when planting depths exceeded 25, 51, and 51 mm for smooth bromegrass, sideoats grama, and western wheatgrass, respectively. RP RIES, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 48 IS 3 BP 218 EP 223 DI 10.2307/4002424 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QX772 UT WOS:A1995QX77200006 ER PT J AU HAFERKAMP, MR PALMQUIST, D YOUNG, JA MACNEIL, MD AF HAFERKAMP, MR PALMQUIST, D YOUNG, JA MACNEIL, MD TI INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON GERMINATION OF JAPANESE BROME SEED SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE BROMUS JAPONICUS; GREAT PLAINS AB Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus Thunb,), an introduced annual grass, is now common in some northern mixed-prairie communities, This species has the potential to alter both the seasonality of standing crop and forage quality, We sought to gain a greater understanding of Japanese brome seed germination by subjecting seed to a series of 55 constant or alternating temperature regimes following 3 to 9 months of dry laboratory storage, Cold and moderate temperature regimes provided optimum germination conditions (defined as not lower than the maximum observed minus one-half its confidence interval at the 0.05 level of probability), Extremely cold or warm temperatures suppressed germination, Germination of afterripened seed over a wide range of temperature combinations, many of which occur during fall in the Northern Great Plains, should enhance establishment and perpetuation of Japanese brome on rangelands. C1 USDA ARS,RENO,NV 89512. RP HAFERKAMP, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 48 IS 3 BP 264 EP 266 DI 10.2307/4002431 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QX772 UT WOS:A1995QX77200013 ER PT J AU SMITH, EL JOHNSON, PS RUYLE, G SMEINS, F LOPER, D WHETSELL, D CHILD, D SIMS, P SMITH, R VOLLAND, L HEMSTROM, M BAINTER, E MENDENHALL, A WADMAN, K FRANZEN, D SUTHERS, M WILLOUGHBY, J HABICH, N GAVEN, T HALEY, J AF SMITH, EL JOHNSON, PS RUYLE, G SMEINS, F LOPER, D WHETSELL, D CHILD, D SIMS, P SMITH, R VOLLAND, L HEMSTROM, M BAINTER, E MENDENHALL, A WADMAN, K FRANZEN, D SUTHERS, M WILLOUGHBY, J HABICH, N GAVEN, T HALEY, J TI NEW CONCEPTS FOR ASSESSMENT OF RANGELAND CONDITION SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE RANGE CONDITION; DESIRED PLANT COMMUNITY; SITE CONSERVATION THRESHOLD; SUSTAINABILITY; ECOLOGICAL SITE; SOIL EROSION ID VIEWPOINT; THRESHOLDS AB Range condition score or classification does not tell us, in a general sense, much of what managers and the public want to know about rangelands. Range condition is not a reliable indicator, across all rangelands, of biodiversity, erosion potential, nutrient cycling, value for wildlife species, or productivity. Succession, the basis for the current concept of range condition is not an adequate yardstick for evaluation of rangelands. The Society for Range Management (SRM) established the Task Group on Unity in Concepts and Terminology which has developed new concepts for evaluation of the status of rangelands. These concepts are based on the premise that the most important and basic physical resource on each ecological site is the soil. If sufficient soil is lost from an ecological site, the potential of the site is changed. The Task Group made three recommendations, which were adopted by the SRM: 1) evaluations of rangelands should be made from the basis of the same land unit classification, ecological site; 2) plant communities likely to occur on a site should be evaluated for protection of that site against accelerated erosion (Site Conservation Rating, [SCR]); and 3) selection of a Desired Plant Community (DPC) for an ecological site should be made considering both SCR and management objectives for that site. C1 S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA ARS,WOODWARD,OK. BUR INDIAN AFFAIRS,HERNDON,VA. US FOREST SERV,PORTLAND,OR. US FOREST SERV,LAKEWOOD,CO. SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,CASPER,WY. SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,LINCOLN,NE. SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20013. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,LAKEVIEW,OR. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,EVERGREEN,CO. BUR LAND MANAGEMENT,SACRAMENTO,CA. BUR LAND MANAGEMENT,LAKEWOOD,CO. NATL PK SERV,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NATL PK SERV,BOULDER CITY,NV. RP SMITH, EL (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 36 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 48 IS 3 BP 271 EP 282 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QX772 UT WOS:A1995QX77200015 ER PT J AU HERRICK, JE WHITFORD, WG AF HERRICK, JE WHITFORD, WG TI ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF RANGELAND SOILS - CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP HERRICK, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPTL RANGE,LAS CRUCES,NM, USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 50 IS 3 BP 237 EP 242 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RA831 UT WOS:A1995RA83100009 ER PT J AU KENNEDY, AC PAPENDICK, RI AF KENNEDY, AC PAPENDICK, RI TI MICROBIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL QUALITY SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; ACID; BACTERIA; BIOMASS; DNA; CHROMATOGRAPHY RP KENNEDY, AC (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 38 TC 136 Z9 176 U1 0 U2 26 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 50 IS 3 BP 243 EP 248 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RA831 UT WOS:A1995RA83100010 ER PT J AU REICOSKY, DC KEMPER, WD LANGDALE, GW DOUGLAS, CL RASMUSSEN, PE AF REICOSKY, DC KEMPER, WD LANGDALE, GW DOUGLAS, CL RASMUSSEN, PE TI SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER CHANGES RESULTING FROM TILLAGE AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID CROP-ROTATION; NITROGEN; CARBON C1 USDA ARS,NPS,BELTSVILLE,MD. USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,PENDLETON,OR. RP REICOSKY, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN, USA. NR 26 TC 220 Z9 229 U1 1 U2 21 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 50 IS 3 BP 253 EP 261 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RA831 UT WOS:A1995RA83100012 ER PT J AU MANLEY, JT SCHUMAN, GE REEDER, JD HART, RH AF MANLEY, JT SCHUMAN, GE REEDER, JD HART, RH TI RANGELAND SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN RESPONSES TO GRAZING SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID GRASSLAND AH HORIZONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; MIXED PRAIRIE; SYSTEMS; NUTRIENT; PLAINS AB Land managers, livestock producers, and the public are concerned about the effects of grazing on soil quality and sustainability of rangeland resources. Pastures at the High Plains Grasslands Research Station near Cheyenne, Wyoming grazed for the past II years at a heavy stocking rate (67 steer-days/ha) under three light grazing (22 steer-days/ha) and to livestock exclosures. The heavy stocking rate resulted in slightly less than 50% utilization of the annual forage produced a level recommended by land management agencies. Prior to initiating this grazing research the rangeland had not been grazed for about 40 years. Soil organic carbon and nitrogen response were evaluated by collecting soil samples to 91 mt (36 in) depth. Soils had higher amounts of carbon and nitrogen in the surface 30 cm (12 in) on the grazed pastures compared to native rangeland where livestock were excluded. However, soil carbon and nitrogen below 30 mt was similar among all grazing treatments. Carbon and nitrogen dynamics were greatest in the surface 30 mt where more than three-fourths of the plant root biomass exists. Grazing strategies and stocking rates imposed for the past II years on this mixed grass prairie did not detrimentally affect soil organic carbon and nitrogen levels. The data in fact, suggest that responsible grazing enhanced the overall soil quality as assessed by these parameters. RP MANLEY, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,RANGELAND RESOURCES RES UNIT,CHEYENNE,WY 82009, USA. NR 36 TC 72 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 32 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 50 IS 3 BP 294 EP 298 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RA831 UT WOS:A1995RA83100017 ER PT J AU UNGER, PW AF UNGER, PW TI RESIDUE MANAGEMENT FOR CONTINUOUS WINTER-WHEAT PRODUCTION WITH LIMITED IRRIGATION SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID CROP RESIDUE; TILLAGE; SORGHUM AB Crop residue management was chosen as a key practice to help control erosion on nearly 75% of the highly erodible land covered by conservation plans. This study determined the effects of treatments that involved retaining all residues on the surface (NT+Res), removing some residues at harvest (NT-ResH) or at planting (NT-ResP), and conventional tillage (ConvT) on soil water storage and use, and yields of continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) produced with limited irrigation. Water storage between crops was greater with NT+Res (95 mm) and NT-ResH (100 mm) than with ConvT (79 mm), but soil water depletion was not affected by treatments. Grain yield was greater with NT+Res (4.56 Mg ha(-1)), than with ConvT (4.26 Mg ha(-1)) and NT-ResH (4.18 Mg ha(-1)), but straw yield was not affected by treatments. Grain and straw yield differed among crops. Continuous wheat production with limited irrigation resulted in an estimated 2.2 Mg ha(-1) of residues on the surface at planting with the NT-ResH and NT-ResP treatments. The initial amount was 9.0 Mg ha(-1) with the NT+Res treatment, and much of this remained on the surface at planting of the next crop. In all cases, the residue amounts provided considerably more (a minimum of about 70%) than the 30% surface cover usually required to control erosion on highly erodible land. Hence, use of limited irrigation and no-tillage can help producers meet the surface residue requirements established for their conservation plans for highly erodible lands in the southern Great Plains. RP UNGER, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 50 IS 3 BP 317 EP 320 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RA831 UT WOS:A1995RA83100021 ER PT J AU MOORE, PA DANIEL, TC SHARPLEY, AN WOOD, CW AF MOORE, PA DANIEL, TC SHARPLEY, AN WOOD, CW TI POULTRY MANURE MANAGEMENT - ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND OPTIONS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID LITTER; PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF AB Increases in the demand for poultry products have led to rapid and concentrated growth of the industry, which has caused excessive manure supplies in certain areas. Although poultry litter is one of the best organic fertilizers available, and is an extremely valuable resource excessive land application rates can lead to nitrate leaching into groundwater, phosphorus (P) runoff into adjacent water bodies, and possibly cause elevated bacterial or viral pathogen levels in lakes and rivers. Approximately 13 million Mg (14 million tons) of litter and manure was produced on U.S. poultry farms in 1990, most of which (68%) was broiler litter. Except for small amounts wed in animal feed, the major portion (>90%) of poultry litter produced is applied to agricultural land. Adverse impacts resulting from land application of poultry manure may be prevented by implementation of effective best management practices (BMPs). Examples of BMPs include proper nutrient management using agronomic rates of N and/or P, use of buffer zones between treated areas and waterways, correct timing and placement of manure, and irrigation scheduling of liquid manure to limit groundwater contamination. Nutrient landing rates should be blued on P in areas of the country that have P sensitive waterbodies and on N in areas where eutrophication of surface water is not a problem. These practices manipulate the soil system to minimize pollutant loss to surface or groundwater: Future research needs include the development of new BMPs that result in decreased negative environmental impact from land applications of this important resource. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT AGRON,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,DURANT,OK 74702. AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP MOORE, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 34 TC 120 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 50 IS 3 BP 321 EP 327 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA RA831 UT WOS:A1995RA83100022 ER PT J AU ROTHFUS, JA AF ROTHFUS, JA TI POTENTIAL BETA-SHEET SURFACES OF SOYBEAN SEED PROTEINS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE AMPHIPHILICITY; COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CONGLYCININ; GLYCININ; MOLECULAR VOLUME; OLEOSIN ID DRAGLINE SILK; GENE FAMILY; OIL BODIES; OLIGOPEPTIDE; SEQUENCE; MEMBRANE AB Volume and amphiphilicity profiles computed for beta-sheet conformations of soybean seed proteins (the acidic and basic subunits of glycinin, the alpha subunit of beta-conglycinin, an extensin-like high-proline protein, and a lipid body oleosin) were compared to profiles for selected nonseed proteins and random-sequence polypeptides. The major soy proteins resemble fibrinogen more than silk or collagen but are differentiated from each other by surface polarity. Polarity in acidic glycinin fluctuates somewhat regularly and symmetrically along both sides of the beta-sheet, but in basic glycinin, polarity on one side is fourfold that on the other throughout 70% of the protein. Polar residues distribute equally on either side of the beta-conglycinin subunit but half of the acidic and basic residues concentrate in the N-terminal third of the molecule. The remainder of the beta-conglycinin contains 90% of the molecule's tyrosine, of which 70% is along one side. In the high-proline protein, 90% of the tyrosine distributes to one side of a beta-sheet; 95% of the acidic residues to the other. Only soy oleosin approximates the per-residue volume, polarity, and uniformity of silk or collagen. its 85-residue central lipophilic domain is much less polar than silk and nearly as uniform. RP ROTHFUS, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 72 IS 5 BP 501 EP 506 DI 10.1007/BF02638848 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QX921 UT WOS:A1995QX92100001 ER PT J AU HAAS, MJ CICHOWICZ, DJ JUN, W SCOTT, K AF HAAS, MJ CICHOWICZ, DJ JUN, W SCOTT, K TI THE ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS OF TRIGLYCERIDE-PHOSPHOLIPID MIXTURES IN AN ORGANIC-SOLVENT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE HYDROLYSIS; IMMOBILIZED ENZYME LIPASE; PHOSPHOLIPASE; PHOSPHOLIPID; TRIACYLGLYCEROL ID LIPASE-CATALYZED TRANSESTERIFICATION; RHIZOPUS-DELEMAR LIPASE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL LIPASE; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; HEPATIC LIPASE; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; PURIFICATION; PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES; PLASMALOGENS AB The abilities of four commercially available lipolytic enzymes [three immobilized lipases-lipozyme IM-20, SP-435 (Novo Biolabs, Danbury, CT), and AY-30/Celite (Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd., Troy, VA)-and a nonimmobilized Amano phospholipase B preparation] to hydrolyze mixtures of triacylglycerols (TG) and phospholipids (PL) were determined. All of the lipases hydrolyzed both types of substrates in water, with maximum rates of TG hydrolysis exceeding those of PL hydrolysis by between 20- and 200-fold. The phospholipase B preparation was inactive against both TG and PL in water. All the enzymes showed some activity against lipids in hexane. The amount of activity was sharply dependent on the amount of water added to the reaction. Lipozyme IM-20 and AY-30/Celite hydrolyzed both TG and PL in hexane. Their estimated initial activities were between 10- and 100-fold lower than those in water. Complete hydrolysis of the TG (measured as the hydrolysis of at least one ester bond in each molecule) was achieved, whereas only 40-60% of the phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were hydrolyzed. Lipase SP-435 was inactive against TG in hexane but hydrolyzed PC at a rate comparable to that seen in water, and it achieved complete hydrolysis of this substrate. Amano phospholipase B was inactive against TG in hexane but completely hydrolyzed the PC. The abilities of the enzymes to hydrolyze the TG, PC, and PE components of soybean soapstock, a by-product of edible oil production, were also examined. Lipozyme IM-20 hydrolyzed all the TC and a fraction of the PF in soapstock. SP-435 and AY-30/Celite were active only on soapstock that had been acidified prior to being dissolved in hexane. SP-435 displayed significant activity only toward PE under these conditions, whereas AY-30/Celite was active only toward TG. Phospholipase B was inactive against soapstock in hexane. The identity of the acid used in the acidification of soapstock affected the degree of hydrolysis by AY-30/Celite, with nitric and hydrochloric acids giving the best activity. C1 LA SALLE UNIV,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19141. RP HAAS, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 72 IS 5 BP 519 EP 525 DI 10.1007/BF02638851 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QX921 UT WOS:A1995QX92100004 ER PT J AU HAYES, DG KLEIMAN, R PHILLIPS, BS AF HAYES, DG KLEIMAN, R PHILLIPS, BS TI THE TRIGLYCERIDE COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE, AND PRESENCE OF ESTOLIDES IN THE OILS OF LESQUERELLA AND RELATED SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ESTOLIDES; H-1 NMR; HELIOPHILIA AMPLEXICAULIS; HYDROXY ACIDS; DENSIPOLIC; LESQUEROLIC AND AURICOLIC ACIDS; LESQUERELLA SPP; LIPASES; PHYSARIA FLORIBUNDA ID FATTY-ACIDS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; NEEDLES AB Members of the genus Lesquerella, native to North America, have oils containing large amounts of hydroxy fatty acids and are under investigation as potential new crops. The triglyceride structure of oils from twenty-five Lesquerella species in the seed collection at our research center has been examined after being hydrolysis-catalyzed by reverse micellar-encapsulated lipase and alcoholysis-catalyzed by immobilized lipase. These reactions, when coupled with supercritical-fluid chromatographic analysis, provide a powerful, labor-saving method for oil triglyceride analysis. A comprehensive analysis of overall fatty acid composition of these oils has been conducted as well. Lesquerella oils (along with oils from two other Brassicaceae: Physaria floribunda and Heliophilia amplexicaulis) have been grouped into five categories: densipolic acid-rich (Class I); auricolic acid-rich (Class,II); lesquerolic acid-rich (Class III); an oil containing a mixture of hydroxy acids (Class IV); and lesquerolic and erucic acid-rich (Class V). The majority of Class I and II triglycerides contain one or two monoestolides at the 1- and 3-glycerol positions and a C-18 polyunsaturated acyl group at the 2-position. Most Class III and IV oil triglycerides contain one or two hydroxy acids at the 1- and 3-positions and C-18 unsaturated acid at the 2-position. A few of the Class III oils have trace amounts of estolides. The Class V oil triglycerides are mostly pentaacyl triglycerides and contain monoestolide and small amounts of diestolide. Our triglyceride structure assignments were supported by H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance data and mass balances. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 36 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 72 IS 5 BP 559 EP 569 DI 10.1007/BF02638857 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QX921 UT WOS:A1995QX92100010 ER PT J AU ADLOF, RO COPES, LC EMKEN, EA AF ADLOF, RO COPES, LC EMKEN, EA TI ANALYSIS OF THE MONOENOIC FATTY-ACID DISTRIBUTION IN HYDROGENATED VEGETABLE-OILS BY SILVER-ION HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CIS ISOMERS; FATS AND OILS; FATTY ACIDS AND ESTERS; HYDROGENATION; ISOMERS; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; SILVER AND SILVER COMPOUNDS; TRANS ISOMERS; UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS AND ESTERS ID GEOMETRICAL-ISOMERS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LINOLEIC-ACID; CIS-ISOMERS; LIPIDS; MARGARINES; SEPARATION; COLUMN AB A silver-ion high-performance liquid chromatography column (hexane/acetonitrile as solvent, ultraviolet detection) was used to analyze the fatty acid distribution (as fatty acid methyl esters) of a representative sample of hydrogenated oil. Fractions containing cis- and trans-18:1 isomers were readily separated. The positional fatty acid isomers were separated by rechromatographing these fractions. The elution order and percent compositions were compared with results obtained by gas chromatography. Of the Delta 8 to Delta 14 trans-18:1 isomers, only the Delta 8 and Delta 9 pair could not be separated, The Delta 8 and Delta 9 cis-18:1 pair also could not be separated, and the Delta 10 isomer was poorly separated from this pair. Area percents were comparable to results obtained by gas chromatography. RP ADLOF, RO (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 21 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 72 IS 5 BP 571 EP 574 DI 10.1007/BF02638858 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QX921 UT WOS:A1995QX92100011 ER PT J AU LEVITT, DG SIMPSON, JR TIPTON, JL AF LEVITT, DG SIMPSON, JR TIPTON, JL TI WATER-USE OF 2 LANDSCAPE TREE SPECIES IN TUCSON, ARIZONA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ARGENTINE MESQUITE; PROSOPIS ALBA; LIVE OAK; QUERCUS VIGINIANA; WATER USE; PENMAN EQUATION AB Although water conservation programs in the arid southwestern United States have prompted prudent landscaping practices such as planting low water use trees, there is little data on the actual water use of most species, The purpose of this study was to determine the actual water use of two common landscape tree species in Tucson, Ariz., and water use coefficients for two tree species based on the crop coefficient concept. Water use of oak (Quercus virginiana 'Heritage') and mesquite (Prosopis alba 'Colorado') trees in containers was measured from July to October 1991 using a precision balance. Water-use coefficients for each tree species were calculated as the ratio of measured water use per total leaf area or per projected canopy area to reference evapotranspiration obtained from a modified FAO Penman equation. After accounting for tree growth, water-use coefficients on a total leaf area basis were 0.5 and 1.0 for oak and mesquite, respectively, and on a projected canopy area basis were 1.4 and 1.6 for oaks and mesquites, respectively. These coefficients indicate that mesquites (normally considered xeric trees) use more water than oaks (normally considered mesic trees) under nonlimiting conditions. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENVIRONM HORT,US FOREST SERV,WESTERN CTR URBAN FOREST RES,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PLANT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP LEVITT, DG (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 120 IS 3 BP 409 EP 416 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA QU146 UT WOS:A1995QU14600007 ER PT J AU YATES, IE SPARKS, D AF YATES, IE SPARKS, D TI MORPHOLOGY OF POSTPOLLINATION FRUIT ABORTION IN PECAN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARYA ILLINOENSIS; MICROSCOPY; ZYGOTE; ENDOSPERM; FERTILIZATION; EMBRYO; COTYLEDON ID EMBRYO AB Anatomy of normal and abortive fruit was compared at each of the three postpollination fruit drops characteristic of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch]. Size differences between normal and abortive fruit decreased during the growing season, but differences in ovule size between normal and abortive fruit increased, During Drop II, normal and abortive fruit had an integument enclosing a massive nucellus in which an embryo sac was embedded, but embryo sac shape and constituents differed, Embryo sacs were distended in normal fruit and contained a definitive zygote as Evidence of fertilization, i.e., union of egg and sperm, In contrast, embryo sacs in abortive fruit were shriveled and contained an egg apparatus as in unfertilized pistillate flowers, During Drop III, normal and abortive fruit had a similar multicellular embryo. The nucellus in normal fruit was reduced to a cap at the micropyle region and cellular endosperm was evident. In contrast, the nucellus in abortive fruit was abundant and cellular endosperm was not evident, During Drop IV, embryo development in abortive fruit lagged behind that of normal fruit, Thus, we present the first direct evidence that aborted pecans deviate from normal fruit by an absence of a zygote at Drop II, a deficiency in cellular endosperm at Drop III, and a delay in embryo development at Drop IV. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP YATES, IE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 120 IS 3 BP 446 EP 453 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA QU146 UT WOS:A1995QU14600013 ER PT J AU WAYCOTT, W AF WAYCOTT, W TI PHOTOPERIODIC RESPONSE OF GENETICALLY DIVERSE LETTUCE ACCESSIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LACTUCA SATIVA; DAYLENGTH; TEMPERATURE; BOLTING; RAPID FLOWERING ID BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONTROL; VERNALIZATION; TEMPERATURE AB A series of experiments was undertaken to study daylength-mediated control of transition to flowering in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), a quantitative long-day plant, Several genotypes (cultivars, landraces, and mutant lines) were grown at different photoperiods, sometimes in combination with different temperatures, and measured for number of days to either a) bolting initiation (a detectable increase in the rate of stem elongation) or b) anthesis of the first flower (a standard measure of maturity in lettuce). Experiments were conducted in controlled or partially controlled environments. Results of these studies indicate the following: a) high temperature alone is not sufficient to induce the bolting response, whereas photoperiod is; b) there is a range of genetic responses to various daylengths among lettuce genotypes: c) one of the genes known to control bolting initiation, gene T, exhibited reverse dominance in conjunction with the Early Flowering genes, depending on the length of day, The latter observation implies the genetic role of T needs further investigation, as it does not appear to operate by simple dominance alone. C1 USDA ARS,US AGR RES STN,SALINAS,CA 93905. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 120 IS 3 BP 460 EP 467 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA QU146 UT WOS:A1995QU14600015 ER PT J AU SUN, JB SEVERSON, RF SCHLOTZHAUER, WS KAYS, SJ AF SUN, JB SEVERSON, RF SCHLOTZHAUER, WS KAYS, SJ TI IDENTIFYING CRITICAL VOLATILES IN THE FLAVOR OF BAKED JEWEL SWEET-POTATOES [IPOMOEA-BATATAS (L) LAM] SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PLANT BREEDING; SELECTION; POSTHARVEST; QUALITY ID POTATOES AB Thermal degradation of fractions from sweetpotato roots ('Jewel') was conducted with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify precursors of critical flavor volatiles. Upon heating (200C), sweetpotato root material that was insoluble in methanol and methylene chloride produced similar volatile profiles to those from sweetpotatoes baked conventional. Volatiles derived via thermal degradation of the nonpolar methylene chloride fraction and the polar methanol fraction did not display chromatographic profiles similar to those from conventionally baked sweetpotatoes. Initial reactions in the formation of critical volatiles appear to occur in the methanol and methylene chloride insoluble components. Maltol (3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone) was found to be one of the critical components making up the characteristic aroma of baked sweetpotatoes. integration of an analytical technique for the measurement of flavor into sweetpotato breeding programs could potentially facilitate the selection of improved and/or unique flavor types. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA,RUSSELL RES CTR,PHYTOCHEM RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 120 IS 3 BP 468 EP 474 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA QU146 UT WOS:A1995QU14600016 ER PT J AU BRAKKE, M ALLEN, LH AF BRAKKE, M ALLEN, LH TI GAS-EXCHANGE OF CITRUS SEEDLINGS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES, VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICITS, AND SOIL-WATER CONTENTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PONCIRUS TRIFOLIATA; CITRUS SINENSIS; C-PARADISII; CARRIZO CITRANGE; SWINGLE CITRUMELO; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TRANSPIRATION; CO2 ENRICHMENT ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; VALENCIA ORANGE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TRANSPIRATION; RESPONSES; LEAVES; HUMIDITY; GROWTH; TREES AB Midday reductions of stomatal conductance and carbon dioxide assimilation rates (A(CO2)) in Citrus are typically attributed to large leaf-to-air vapor-pressure differences or high atmospheric vapor-pressure deficits (VPD). This study investigated air temperature (T-a) and available soil water (ASW) level as corollary factors of atmospheric VPD that influence midday reduction of net gas exchange in citrus leaves. The influence of elevated atmospheric CO2 under conditions that inhibit net canopy A(CO2) was also investigated. Net canopy A(CO2) and evapotranspiration rates of Carrizo citrange [Poncirus trifoliata Raf x Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] and Swingle citrumelo (P. trifoliata Raf x C. paradisii Macf.) seedlings grown in outdoor controlled-environment growth chambers were measured under two levels of T-a with concomitant changes in VPD and two levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration, which were changed in steps over time. Cyclical depletion of ASW was allowed to occur at each set of T-a/VPD and CO2 combinations. Highest net canopy A(CO2) rates at ambient CO2 concentration (330 mu mol . mol(-1)) were obtained at the low T-a/VPD level (29C/2.4 kPa) and ASW >50%. Diurnal canopy CO2 uptake rates decreased at the high T-a/VPD level (37C/3.6 kPa), and midday depression of canopy A(CO2) was observed at ASW levels <50%. Net canopy A(CO2) decreased at higher levels of ASW under the high T-a/VPD treatment than at the low T-a/VPD treatment. At the elevated CO2 concentration (840 mu mol . mol(-1)) net canopy CO2 uptake rates were double those that occurred at ambient CO2 levels and they did not exhibit midday reduction. Our data indicate that, when soil water is not readily available, citrus seedlings are more sensitive to high levels of T-a and VPD which results in reduction of CO2 uptake. The inhibitory effects of elevated VPD and reduced ASW on citrus net A(CO2) were lessened at the elevated atmospheric CO2 level. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 120 IS 3 BP 497 EP 504 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA QU146 UT WOS:A1995QU14600020 ER PT J AU REN, JP MCFERSON, JR LI, RG KRESOVICH, S LAMBOY, WF AF REN, JP MCFERSON, JR LI, RG KRESOVICH, S LAMBOY, WF TI IDENTITIES AND RELATIONSHIPS AMONG CHINESE VEGETABLE BRASSICAS AS DETERMINED BY RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA MARKERS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BRASSICA RAPA; BRASSICA JUNCEA; CHINESE CABBAGE; PAKCHOI; GENETIC DIVERSITY; GENETIC RESOURCES COLLECTION AB Fifty-two germplasm accessions of Chinese vegetable brassicas were analyzed using 112 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The array of material examined spanned a wide range of morphological, geographic, and genetic diversity, and included 30 accessions of Brassica rapa L. (Chinese cabbage, pakchoi, turnip, and broccoletto), 18 accessions of B. juncea (L.) Czern. (leaf, stem, and root mustards), and four accessions of B. oleracea L. ssp, alboglabra (Chinese kale). The RAPD markers unambiguously identified ah 52 accessions. Nei-Li similarities were computed and used in unweighted pair group method using arithmetic means (UPGMA) cluster analyses. Accessions and subspecies were clustered into groups corresponding to the three species, but some accessions of some subspecies were most closely related to accessions belonging to other subspecies. Values for Nei-Li similarities suggest that Chinese cabbage is more likely to have been produced bg hybridization of turnip and pakchoi than as a selection from either turnip or pakchoi alone. RAPD markers are a fast, efficient method for diversity assessment in Chinese vegetable brassicas that complements techniques currently in use in genetic resources collections. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT HORT SCI,GENEVA,NY 14456. CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RESOURCES UNIT,GENEVA,NY 14456. CHINESE ACAD AGR SCI,INST VEGETABLES & FLOWERS,BEIJING 100081,PEOPLES R CHINA. UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RESOURCES CONSERVAT UNIT,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 120 IS 3 BP 548 EP 555 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA QU146 UT WOS:A1995QU14600030 ER PT J AU SENTER, SD SEARCY, GK WILSON, RL AF SENTER, SD SEARCY, GK WILSON, RL TI RESIDUAL GLUTAMIC-OXALOACETIC TRANSAMINASE (GOT) ACTIVITY IN THERMALLY PROCESSED POULTRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS AS AN INDICATOR OF END-POINT TEMPERATURES SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE GOT; POULTRY; CHICKEN; TURKEY; BREAST; THIGH; PRODUCTS ID BOVINE; MUSCLE; BEEF AB Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activities in chicken and turkey thigh and breast meat samples, thermally processed at 60-84 degrees C in a model heat-treating system, were evaluated for use as indicators of end-point cooking temperatures (EPT). Wings, breasts, thighs and legs from commercially cooked, whole, roasted chickens and commercially processed products containing chicken and turkey meat were analyzed also to determine if residual GOT activities would indicate compliance with recent FDA/FSIS EPT recommendations. Activities of samples processed in the model system decreased logarithmically with increasing temperatures. GOT activities were higher (P < 0.05) in thigh meat than breast meat in both chicken and turkey samples; activities were higher in turkey than chicken. GOT values for chicken thigh and breast meat at 74 degrees C, the FDA/FSIS recommended EPT for use by food handlers and retailers, were 735 and 164 Sigma-Frankel units ml(-1) (SFU ml(-1)), respectively. Values for turkey thigh and breast meat at this temperature were 1080 and 450 SFU ml(-1), respectively. The range of activities was 7-13 SFU ml(-1) in commercially prepared chicken products and 27-161 SFU ml(-1) in turkey products. Analysis of these products showed adequate cooking and compliance with FDA/FSIS recommended EPT for retail sale. These data indicate that residual GOT activity in processed poultry has potential for use as an indicator of EPT. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,BIOMETR SERV,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP SENTER, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUAL RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food. Agric. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 68 IS 1 BP 19 EP 23 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740680104 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA RA017 UT WOS:A1995RA01700003 ER PT J AU WANG, K KRAUSE, PR STRAUS, SE AF WANG, K KRAUSE, PR STRAUS, SE TI ANALYSIS OF THE PROMOTER AND CIS-ACTING ELEMENTS REGULATING EXPRESSION OF HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE-2 LATENCY-ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPTS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN TRIGEMINAL GANGLIA; HUMAN SENSORY GANGLIA; IMMEDIATE EARLY GENE; LAT PROMOTER; LOCATED UPSTREAM; RESPONSE ELEMENT; MESSENGER-RNA; CYCLIC-AMP; SEQUENCE; REACTIVATION AB In latently infected neurons, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) expresses one abundant family of transcripts, the latency-associated transcripts (LATs). We demonstrate here that the sequence lying about 700 bp upstream of the 5' end of the HSV-2 major LAT acts as a very strong promoter in transient expression assays in both neuronal and nonneuronal cells. Transcription starts about 27 to 32 bp downstream of a functional TATA box. The proximal fragment from -102 to +34 includes the basal promoter and accounts for constitutive transcriptional activity in various cell lines. The distal region from -392 to -103 contributes to particularly strong promoter activity in neuronal cell lines and involves multiple cis-acting elements. A functional activating transcription factor/cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element binding protein motif lies just upstream of the TATA. By DNase I footprint and methylation protection assays, we identified several additional protein-binding sites upstream of the activating transcription factor/cAMP response element binding protein motif. A GC-rich element, termed LAT-3, was located between bases -128 to -102. A 2-bp substitution in LAT-3 markedly reduced promoter activity and abolished protein-binding ability in vitro. Gel retardation assay showed no competition for protein binding to LAT-3 by other GC-rich elements. LAT-3 appears to be a novel cis-acting element that may contribute to the neuronal responsiveness of the HSV-2 LAT promoter. C1 USDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIRAL PROD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP WANG, K (reprint author), NIAID,CLIN INVEST LAB,MED VIROL SECT,BLDG 10,ROOM 11N228,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 69 IS 5 BP 2873 EP 2880 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA QR784 UT WOS:A1995QR78400021 PM 7707511 ER PT J AU BLAUM, CS FRIES, BE FIATARONE, MA AF BLAUM, CS FRIES, BE FIATARONE, MA TI FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW BODY-MASS INDEX AND WEIGHT-LOSS IN NURSING-HOME RESIDENTS SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GERIATRIC REHABILITATION PATIENTS; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; SELECT POPULATION; ELDERLY ADULTS; UNDERNUTRITION; MALNUTRITION; DYSFUNCTION; MORTALITY; IMPACT; RISK AB Background. Undernutrition in nursing home residents is a significant and possibly modifiable public health problem. We evaluated the hypothesis that some potentially modifiable factors are associated with resident undernutrition. Methods. This study is a cross-sectional, secondary data analysis of 6,832 community nursing home residents sampled from 202 nursing homes in 7 states. Data were from the Minimum Data Set (MDS), an HCFA-mandated resident assessment instrument used in U.S. community nursing homes. Two dependent variables represented undernutrition: (a) low body mass index (BMI), defined as the lowest quartile BMI of the sample (19.42 kg/m(2) and below); and (b) weight loss, an MDS measure defined as 5% decrease in weight in 30 days, or a 10% decrease in 180 days (9.9% of the sample). independent variables included resident demographics, eating-related variables, variables measuring functional, cognitive, and affective statuses, and medical conditions. Separate logistic regression models were estimated for low BMI and weight loss to test multivariate associations. Results. Poor oral intake, eating dependency, decubiti, and chewing problems increase the likelihood of both low BMI and weight loss. Female gender, age 85 or older, bedfast, and hip fracture increase the odds of low BMI only; depressed behaviors and two or more chronic diseases increase the odds of weight loss only. Conclusion. Undernutrition in nursing home residents is a multifactorial syndrome. Improved oral feeding methods and treatment of depression are potentially important ways to counteract undernutrition in nursing home residents by targeting reversible features. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH PUBL HLTH,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV MICHIGAN,INST GERONTOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. ANN ARBOR VA MED CTR,ANN ARBOR,MI. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. HEBREW REHABIL CTR AGED,BOSTON,MA 02131. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,MEDFORD,MA. RP BLAUM, CS (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH MED,DIV GERIATR MED,300 N INGALLS ST,NI3A00,ANN ARBOR,MI 48104, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-05633, AG-00134, AG-08808-04] NR 29 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 7 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 50 IS 3 BP M162 EP M168 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA RY603 UT WOS:A1995RY60300015 PM 7743402 ER PT J AU BROWN, TC PETERSON, GL TONN, BE AF BROWN, TC PETERSON, GL TONN, BE TI THE VALUES JURY TO AID NATURAL-RESOURCE DECISIONS SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP BROWN, TC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 13 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 71 IS 2 BP 250 EP 260 DI 10.2307/3146505 PG 11 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QU184 UT WOS:A1995QU18400009 ER PT J AU BROADWAY, RM WILLIAMS, DL KAIN, WC HARMAN, GE LORITO, M LABEDA, DP AF BROADWAY, RM WILLIAMS, DL KAIN, WC HARMAN, GE LORITO, M LABEDA, DP TI PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITINOLYTIC ENZYMES FROM STREPTOMYCES-ALBIDOFLAVUS SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; PURIFICATION; CHITINASE; CHITOBIOSIDASE; ENDOCHITINASE AB Streptomyces albidoflavus NRRL B-16746 secreted three types of chitinolytic enzymes: N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, chitobiosidase and endochitinase. Optimal activity for all three types of enzymes occurred at pH 4-6; however 55-74% of the chitobiosidase and endochitinase activity was detectable at pH 8-10. Chitobiosidase activity originated from two strongly acidic (pI < 3 . 0) proteins with molecular mass of 27 kDa and 34 kDa, while endochitinase activity originated from five major acidic proteins (pi 5 . 1, 5 . 3, 5 . 75, 5 . 8-5 . 9 and 6 . 4) with molecular mass of 59, 45, 38 . 5, 27 and 25 . 5 kDa. Purified chitobiosidases significantly reduced spore germination and germ tube elongation of Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum. Chitinolytic enzymes with significant activity at pH 4-10 may be used, transgenically, to reduce the growth and/or development of a broad spectrum of insects and fungi that are major economic pests. C1 CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE AGR EXPT STN,DEPT HORT SCI,GENEVA,NY 14456. UNIV NAPLES,INST PATOL VEGETALE,NAPLES,ITALY. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MICROBIAL PROPERTIES RES,PEORIA,IL. RP BROADWAY, RM (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE AGR EXPT STN,DEPT ENTOMOL,GENEVA,NY 14456, USA. OI LORITO, Matteo/0000-0002-0529-3709 NR 20 TC 27 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 20 IS 5 BP 271 EP 276 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.1995.tb00444.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA QX127 UT WOS:A1995QX12700003 PM 7766226 ER PT J AU SARWAR, M KREMER, RJ AF SARWAR, M KREMER, RJ TI DETERMINATION OF BACTERIALLY DERIVED AUXINS USING A MICROPLATE METHOD SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB Rapid and efficient methods for determining the ability of soil and rhizosphere bacteria to produce key metabolites which are useful in growth promotion or suppression of plant growth are needed. A microplate method was developed and compared to a standard method for assays of auxin compounds produced by bacteria. The microplate method was similar to the standard method in accuracy of determination, required less chemical reagents, and considerably reduced the time required for analyses. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL & ATMOSPHER SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 14 TC 59 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 20 IS 5 BP 282 EP 285 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.1995.tb00446.x PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA QX127 UT WOS:A1995QX12700005 ER PT J AU STANTON, TB HANZELKA, BL JENSEN, NS AF STANTON, TB HANZELKA, BL JENSEN, NS TI SURVEY OF INTESTINAL SPIROCHETES FOR NADH OXIDASE BY GENE PROBE AND BY ENZYME ASSAY SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE LA English DT Article DE NADH OXIDASE; SPIROCHETE; INTESTINAL BACTERIA; SERPULINA HYODYSENTERIAE; NOX; INTESTINAL MICROECOLOGY ID TREPONEMA-HYODYSENTERIAE; STREPTOCOCCUS-FAECALIS; OXYGEN; SPIROCHETE; METABOLISM; SERPULINA-(TREPONEMA)-HYODYSENTERIAE; PURIFICATION; SEROTYPES; DYSENTERY; INNOCENS AB NADH oxidase activity has been found in a number of host-associated bacterial species by previous investigators. NADH oxidase may play an essential role in the colonisation of the mammalian intestinal tract by diverse bacterial species. In this study, 45 strains of intestinal spirochaetes were screened for NADH oxidase by enzyme assay and by using an oligodeoxynucleotide probe (5'-ATGAAAGT(TA)AT(TA)GT(TA)AT(TA)GG-3') complementary to the 5'-end of the NADH oxidase (nor) gene from Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae B204. The strains surveyed included 18 strains of S. hyodysenteriae, S. innocens strains B256 and 4/71, Treponema succinifaciens 6091, T. bryantii RUS-1, and 23 strains of uncharacterised (unclassified) intestinal spirochaetes. The uncharacterised spirochaetes had been isolated from the intestinal contents of different animal hosts (human, swine, avian, nutria). NADH oxidase was absent from T. succinifaciens and T. bryantii, but was present in every strain of S. hyodysenteriae, in the two recognised strains of S. innocens, and in every uncharacterised strain of intestinal spirochaete. Cells of four strains contained NADH oxidase activity but their DNA did not react with the probe. NADH oxidase is a common enzyme for the intestinal spirochaetes included in this survey. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011. RP STANTON, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0891-060X J9 MICROB ECOL HEALTH D JI Microb. Ecol. Health Dis. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 8 IS 3 BP 93 EP 100 PG 8 WC Ecology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Immunology; Microbiology GA RP356 UT WOS:A1995RP35600002 ER PT J AU FOLEYTHOMAS, EM WHIPPLE, DL BERMUDEZ, LE BARLETTA, RG AF FOLEYTHOMAS, EM WHIPPLE, DL BERMUDEZ, LE BARLETTA, RG TI PHAGE INFECTION, TRANSFECTION AND TRANSFORMATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX AND MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article DE MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM COMPLEX; MYCOBACTERIUM PARATUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIOPHAGE; SHUTTLE VECTORS; TRANSFORMATION ID GENE-EXPRESSION; CHOLERA-TOXIN; DNA; DISEASE; TUBERCULOSIS; SEQUENCE; MODEL; INTRACELLULARE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; COLONIZATION AB Mycobacterium avium complex strains and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis are closely related intracellular pathogens affecting humans and animals. M. avium complex infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients, and M. paratuberculosis is the agent of Johne's disease in ruminants. Genetic manipulation of these micro-organisms would facilitate the understanding of their pathogenesis, the construction of attenuated vaccine strains and the development of new drugs and treatment methods. This paper describes the replication of mycobacterial shuttle phasmids and plasmids, and the expression of the firefly luciferase reporter gene in M. avium complex and M. paratuberculosis. The mycobacteriophage TM4 propagated on M. smegmatis or M. paratuberculosis plagued at the same efficiency on these two mycobacterial hosts. Screening of M. avium complex and M. paratuberculosis clinical isolates with TM4-derived luciferase reporter phages demonstrated that the majority of these isolates were susceptible to TM4. Conditions for introduction of DNA were determined by transfection of M. paratuberculosis with TM4 DNA and applied to isolate kanamycin-resistant transformants of M. avium complex and M. paratuberculosis with Escherichia coli-Mycobacterium shuttle plasmids. Recombinant plasmids were recovered from transformants without apparent loss of DNA sequences. These results provide the basis for the genetic manipulation of these pathogenic mycobacterial species. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA, CTR BIOTECHNOL, DEPT VET & BIOMED SCI, LINCOLN, NE 68583 USA. USDA, NATL ANIM DIS CTR, AMES, IA 50010 USA. CALIF PACIFIC MED CTR, RES INST, KUZELL INST ARTHRIT & INFECT DIS, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94115 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI25769] NR 48 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD MAY PY 1995 VL 141 BP 1173 EP 1181 PN 5 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QY320 UT WOS:A1995QY32000016 PM 7773411 ER PT J AU BHAGWAT, AA KEISTER, DL AF BHAGWAT, AA KEISTER, DL TI SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS OF THE BETA-(1-]3),BETA-(1-]6)-D-GLUCAN SYNTHESIS LOCUS OF BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE MEMBRANE-DERIVED OLIGOSACCHARIDES; NODULE DEVELOPMENT; OSMOREGULATION ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; CYCLIC BETA-1,2-GLUCANS; RHIZOBIUM-FREDII; NDVB LOCUS; GLUCANS; PROTEIN; BETA-(1->2)-GLUCAN; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; ADAPTATION; GENES AB Bradyrhizobium japonicum produces beta-(1-->3),beta-(1-->6)-D-glucans, which appear to be functionally equivalent to beta-(1-->2)-D-glucans produced by Rhizobium and Agrobacterium spp. These compounds are involved in osmoregulation and may play an important role in symbiosis and tumorigenesis. We previously isolated a cosmid clone from a Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 gene Library coding for proteins involved in the synthesis of beta-(1-->3),beta-(1-->6)-D-glucans (Bhagwat et al. FEMS Microbiol, Lett. 114:139-144, 1993), Site-directed Tn5 mutagenesis was used to delimit the region coding for beta-(1-->3),beta-(1-->6)-D-glucan synthesis, The Tn5 insertion and flanking DNA region was homogenotized into the chromosome of B. japonicum USDA 110. A recombinant strain was isolated which was defective in synthesis of beta-(1-->3),beta-(1-->6)-D-glucans, The membrane fraction also failed to incorporate UDP-(C-14)glucose into soluble, neutral glucans, The mutant was defective in motility and growth under conditions of low osmolarity and formed ineffective nodules on Glycine mar (soybean), These results indicate that the cyclic beta-(1-->3),beta-(1-->6)-D-glucans may be required for an effective symbiosis in B. japonicum. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP BHAGWAT, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BLDG 011,HH-19,BARC-W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 32 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 8 IS 3 BP 366 EP 370 DI 10.1094/MPMI-8-0366 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA RH679 UT WOS:A1995RH67900004 ER PT J AU JONES, MJ DUNKLE, LD AF JONES, MJ DUNKLE, LD TI VIRULENCE GENE-EXPRESSION DURING CONIDIAL GERMINATION IN COCHLIOBOLUS-CARBONUM SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Note DE BIPOLARIS ZEICOLA; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTION; HELMINTHOSPORIUM CARBONUM ID HOST-SPECIFIC TOXIN; HELMINTHOSPORIUM-CARBONUM; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; BETA-TUBULIN; HC-TOXIN; MAIZE; PATHOGENESIS; CLONING; RACE-1 AB The fungal pathogen Cochliobolus carbonum race 1 produces a host-selective toxin (HC-toxin) that is responsible for increased virulence on susceptible genotypes of maize. The toxin is synthesized by a peptide synthetase, which is a product of the HTS1 gene. Because the toxin is not stored in dormant conidia, early expression of HTS1 is crucial for extensive colonization of susceptible leaf tissue. To detect the HTS1 transcript and determine the onset of HTS1 gene expression, we analyzed RNA preparations from ungerminated and germinated conidia by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using oligonucleotide primers within the 15.7-kb open reading frame of HTS1. With primer pairs near both the 3'- and the 5'-termini, amplified products of the HTS1 transcript were detected in RNA prepared from dormant conidia. With all primer pairs used, the quantities of transcript increased substantially during germ tube emergence and elongation, indicating that expression of HTS1 is up regulated during spore germination. Digestion with restriction endonucleases confirmed the identity of the amplified products. Amplification of the constitutively expressed beta-tubulin transcript, which is processed to remove introns, as well as the absence of amplification products with primers spanning the HTS1 coding sequence established that cDNA was amplified and not contaminating genomic DNA. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 8 IS 3 BP 476 EP 479 DI 10.1094/MPMI-8-0476 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA RH679 UT WOS:A1995RH67900018 PM 7655067 ER PT J AU AZEVEDO, MD WELTY, RE AF AZEVEDO, MD WELTY, RE TI A STUDY OF THE FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM IN THE ROOTS OF TALL FESCUE SEEDLINGS SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ACREMONIUM COENOPHIALUM; ENDOPHYTES; PHOSPHATE NUTRITION; RHIZOSPHERE BIOLOGY; SYMBIOSIS; TALL FESCUE ID PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; EPICHLOE-TYPHINA; GRASSES; ULTRASTRUCTURE; FESTUCA; GROWTH; LOLIUM; MYCORRHIZAL; RESPONSES; GRANULES AB Tall fescue has formed a mutualistic relationship with the fungal endophyte Acremonium coenophialum. Endophyte-infected plants can have increased growth and survival when compared with endophyte-free plants. Responses to endophyte infection vary and may be host genotype and fungal biotype specific. The mechanism(s) by which endophyte infection confers increased growth and survival is not understood. This research determined the occurrence, distribution, and ultrastructure of endophyte hyphae in the roots of axenically grown tall fescue seedlings. Acremonium coenophialum was recovered from excised roots of endophyte-infected seedlings grown on diverse agar media and from sterile coarse sand. Successful recovery of the isolate varied with seedling age, root type, and growth medium. Overall, 67% of 218 endophyte-infected seedlings contained endophyte in their roots. Root-fungal ultrastructure of agar grown seedlings revealed epiphytic hyphae bearing conidiophores with typical conidia and an electron dense matrix that adhered hyphae to each other and to the root epidermal cell wall. Hyphae were found in regions previously occupied by root epidermal cells, but no direct penetration of intact cells was observed. Electron dense granules within the fungal cytoplasm contained high amounts of phosphorous relative to adjacent tissues. This may benefit endophyte-infected plants in low soil phosphate conditions. RP AZEVEDO, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 32 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 87 IS 3 BP 289 EP 297 DI 10.2307/3760825 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA RJ410 UT WOS:A1995RJ41000001 ER PT J AU HORN, BW GREENE, RL AF HORN, BW GREENE, RL TI VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY WITHIN POPULATIONS OF ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS, ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS, AND A-TAMARII FROM A PEANUT FIELD SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS; ASPERGILLUS PARASITICUS; ASPERGILLUS TAMARII; PEANUT; POPULATION; SOIL; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY ID FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; INCOMPATIBILITY; MUTANTS; STRAINS; SOIL; AGGRESSIVENESS AB The diversity of vegetative compatibility groups in Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. tamarii, mycotoxigenic fungi that produce aflatoxins and/or cyclopiazonic acid in peanut seeds, was examined. Soil samples were collected from a peanut field shortly after planting and peanut seeds were later harvested from the same soil sites. Aspergillus tamarii isolates were divided into morphologically distinct types A and B. A chlorate medium was used to select for nitrate-nonutilizing mutants (niaD, nirA, and cnx). Vegetative compatibility groups were determined by pairing complementary mutants on a nitrate medium. Diversity of vegetative compatibility groups, expressed as the number of groups divided by the total number of isolates, was in order of increasing diversity: A. tamarii type A (0.15); A. parasiticus (0.22); A. tamarii type B (0.31); and A. flavus (0.56). All isolates were incompatible in interspecific pairings; isolates of A. tamarii type A were also incompatible with type B isolates. Populations of A. parasiticus and A. tamarii types A and B in the peanut field showed a nonrandom distribution of soil isolates based on their vegetative compatibility groups, suggesting that isolates of a group represented, to some degree, a single clone. The high diversity of vegetative compatibility groups in A. flavus may be due to the influx of genetic variability through aerial spore dispersal from infected corn and cotton. RP HORN, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,DAWSON,GA 31742, USA. NR 51 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 87 IS 3 BP 324 EP 332 DI 10.2307/3760829 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA RJ410 UT WOS:A1995RJ41000005 ER PT J AU KURTZMAN, RH AF KURTZMAN, RH TI COBALT CHLORIDE AND ETHYLENE AFFECT FRUITING OF AGARICUS-BISPORUS SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE AGARICUS BISPORUS; CASING; COBALT; COMPOST; ETHYLENE; FRUITING; MUSHROOMS AB The addition of approximately 0.8 mM cobalt chloride to the casing in Agaricus bisporus cultivation causes a delay in the initiation of fruiting and a decrease in yield. Surprisingly, the addition of approximately 1.0 mM cobalt chloride to the casing often has far less apparent effect on mushroom initiation and yield. The cobalt from the casing is concentrated in the fruiting bodies. Ethylene is capable of reducing the cobalt-induced delay in the initiation of fruiting. However, since fruiting occurred even at high concentrations of cobalt, ethylene does not seem to be required for fruiting. The phenomena are reproducible, but some mushroom varieties are apparently more affected than others. RP KURTZMAN, RH (reprint author), USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 87 IS 3 BP 366 EP 369 DI 10.2307/3760834 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA RJ410 UT WOS:A1995RJ41000010 ER PT J AU PALM, ME GAMS, W NIRENBERG, HI AF PALM, ME GAMS, W NIRENBERG, HI TI PLECTOSPORIUM, A NEW GENUS FOR FUSARIUM-TABACINUM, THE ANAMORPH OF PLECTOSPHAERELLA-CUCUMERINA SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE CEPHALOSPORIUM; COLLETOTRICHUM; CUCURBITACEAE; CUCURBITS; GLOMERELLA; HYPHOMYCETES; HYPOCREALES; SOIL FUNGI; SORDARIALES; SYSTEMATICS ID MONOGRAPHELLA; MICRODOCHIUM; ACREMONIUM; STRAWBERRY; CONIDIA; DISEASE AB Plectosporium is described as a new genus for Fusarium tabacinum (= Cephalosporium tabacinum), the anamorph of Plectosphaerella cucumerina. The genus is characterized by moist colonies, simple or branched conidiophores, apical or lateral phialides that sometimes proliferate percurrently or have more than one conidiogenous locus, with a cylindrical collarette and sometimes with a sinuous apex, bilaterally symmetric, hyaline, 0- to 1-septate conidia that often appear slightly curved in side view, and sometimes a Plectosphaerella teleomorph. C1 CENT BUR SCHIMMELCULTURES,3740 AG BAARN,NETHERLANDS. BIOL BUNDESANSTALT LAND & FORSTWIRTSCHAFT,INST MIKROBIOL,D-14195 BERLIN,GERMANY. RP PALM, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,APHIS,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 54 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 8 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 87 IS 3 BP 397 EP 406 DI 10.2307/3760837 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA RJ410 UT WOS:A1995RJ41000013 ER PT J AU BECK, MA SHI, Q MORRIS, VC LEVANDER, OA AF BECK, MA SHI, Q MORRIS, VC LEVANDER, OA TI RAPID GENOMIC EVOLUTION OF A NONVIRULENT COXSACKIEVIRUS B3 IN SELENIUM-DEFICIENT MICE RESULTS IN SELECTION OF IDENTICAL VIRULENT ISOLATES SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TYPE-3 VACCINE STRAIN; POLIOVIRUS; ATTENUATION; MUTATION AB Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated that selenium deficiency in the mouse allows a normally benign (amyocarditic) cloned and sequenced Coxsackievirus to cause significant heart damage. Furthermore, Coxsackievirus recovered from the hearts of selenium-deficient mice inoculated into selenium-adequate mice still induced significant heart damage, suggesting that the amyocarditic Coxsackievirus had mutated to a virulent phenotype. Here we report that sequence analysis revealed six nucleotide changes between the virulent virus recovered from the selenium-deficient host and the avirulent input virus. These nucleotide changes are consistent with known differences in base composition between virulent and avirulent strains of Coxsackievirus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a specific nutritional deficiency driving changes in a viral genome, permitting an avirulent virus to acquire virulence due to genetic mutation. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS & FUNCT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BECK, MA (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,FRANK PORTER GRAHAM CHILD DEV CTR,CB 8180,105 SMITH LEVEL RD,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 22 TC 223 Z9 236 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 1 IS 5 BP 433 EP 436 DI 10.1038/nm0595-433 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA RN100 UT WOS:A1995RN10000033 PM 7585090 ER PT J AU HARROD, RJ TAYLOR, RJ AF HARROD, RJ TAYLOR, RJ TI REPRODUCTION AND POLLINATION BIOLOGY OF CENTAUREA AND ACROPTILON SPECIES, WITH EMPHASIS ON CENTAUREA-DIFFUSA SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Reproduction and pollination of Centaurea diffusa, C. maculosa, Acroptilon repens, and C. solstitialis were examined. Based on controlled pollination, Centaurea diffusa, C. maculosa, and A. repens were found to be obligate outcrossers; whereas C. solstitialis proved to be facultatively xenogamous. The importance of floral visitors was determined by visitation frequency along established transects and by pollen load analyses. Principal visitors to at least three of the four species were Bombus spp., Anthophora sp., Apis mellifera, and Megachile sp. None of the important newer visitors of C. diffusa discriminated between white and purple newer heads. Time of day did not significantly influence visitation, except for Anthophora sp. which visited primarily in the morning. Nectar analyses showed sucrose and fructose in a ratio of approximately 2:1 to be the major sugars in three of the species. In A. repens, glucose was also present (sucrose: fructose: glucose; 2:1:1). The open recombination systems of Centaurea diffusa, C. maculosa, and A. repens promotes genetic diversity allowing invasion of natural habitats. The annual habit and versatile breeding system of C. solstitialis contributes to its success as a noxious weed. Apis mellifera may increase the reproductive capacities of knapweeds. RP HARROD, RJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,LEAVENWORTH RANGER DIST,BELLINGHAM,WA 98826, USA. NR 0 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PRESS PI PULLMAN PA COOPER PUBLICATIONS BLDG, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 69 IS 2 BP 97 EP 105 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RD844 UT WOS:A1995RD84400002 ER PT J AU HAYWARD, GD HAYWARD, PH AF HAYWARD, GD HAYWARD, PH TI RELATIVE ABUNDANCE AND HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS OF SMALL MAMMALS IN CHAMBERLAIN BASIN, CENTRAL IDAHO SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB We sampled small mammal populations and measured habitat structure in forested and non-forested habitats in the wilderness of central Idaho over a 5-year period using pit and snap traps. Although results from pit and snap trapping differed for northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides), capture rates for the two methods were similar across habitats for the other common species. Southern red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi) and shrews (Sorer vagrans and S. cinereus) were the most common species captured. Spruce-Gr forest exceeded other habitats in the abundance of small mammals while all sites had low species richness (s = 4-7). Habitat associations of the common small mammals (southern red-backed voles, shrews, deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), and yellow-pine chipmunks (Tamias amoenus)) differed, based on both broad patterns and microhabitat gradients. Our data corroborate the results of other investigations by demonstrating the relatively low abundance of small mammals in subalpine habitats of the Rocky Mountains. Furthermore the differences in small mammal communities among forest types suggests a mosaic pattern of small mammal communities in the Rockies which results from the patchy nature of forests in this region. RP HAYWARD, GD (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,INTERMTN FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,222 S 22ND ST,LARAMIE,WY 82070, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PRESS PI PULLMAN PA COOPER PUBLICATIONS BLDG, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 69 IS 2 BP 114 EP 125 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RD844 UT WOS:A1995RD84400004 ER PT J AU HARLAND, BF MORRIS, ER AF HARLAND, BF MORRIS, ER TI PHYTATE - A GOOD OR A BAD FOOD COMPONENT SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE PHYTATE IN FOODS; MINERAL BIOAVAILABILITY; ANALYTICAL METHODS; PHYTASE ID ASPERGILLUS-FICUUM PHYTASE; SOYBEAN MEAL DIETS; BLOOD-GLUCOSE RESPONSE; ANION-EXCHANGE METHOD; PHYTIC ACID; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; MICROBIAL PHYTASE; PHOSPHORUS UTILIZATION; SMALL-INTESTINE; NIGER PHYTASE AB Since phytate was first identified as a naturally-occurring organic compound found in all plant life, phytate has been badly maligned. Most studies concentrated on its mineral-binding capacity which may result in marginal or frank mineral deficiencies in animals and humans. Currently, there is evidence that dietary phytate may have beneficial effects, Positive effects against carcinogenesis have been shown with in vitro cell culture systems, in mice, rats and guinea pigs, but the mechanism of action is not understood. Additional foods have been analyzed for phytate content, albeit by methodology which does not differentiate between phytate and it's hydrolysis products. Analytical methodology is now available which provides precise estimates of phytate and inositol phosphate hydrolysis products in foods thereby making possible a database from which more precise estimates of the extent to which mineral homeostasis may be compromised. Microbial phytase preparations are being studied as a means of improving the utilization of dietary phytate phosphorus, decreasing the need for inorganic phosphorus supplements in animal feeds and, in turn, lessen the environmental impact of phosphorus in excreta from animal feeding operations. Thus, there is a strong impetus to continue the study of this naturally-occurring molecule and what we learn through further study will hopefully improve the quality of life. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, METAB & NUTRIENT INTERACT LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP HARLAND, BF (reprint author), HOWARD UNIV, COLL ALLIED HLTH SCI, DEPT NUTR SCI, WASHINGTON, DC 20059 USA. NR 133 TC 174 Z9 193 U1 6 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 15 IS 5 BP 733 EP 754 DI 10.1016/0271-5317(95)00040-P PG 22 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QX473 UT WOS:A1995QX47300012 ER PT J AU JACOB, RA AF JACOB, RA TI THE INTEGRATED ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE ANTIOXIDANTS; FREE RADICALS; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; VITAMINS ID HUMAN-BLOOD PLASMA; ASCORBIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; VITAMIN-E; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; BETA-CAROTENE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; GUINEA-PIG; GLUTATHIONE; RATS; MICE AB The diversity and depth of the body's antioxidant protection system is reviewed. Components of both endogenous and exogenous origins contribute protection, and new data suggests that some components interact to spare or replace each other. Evidence from both animal and human studies shows that glutathione and vitamin C can act in concert to alleviate a variety of oxidant stresses. results from in vitro and animal studies indicate that vitamin C regenerates tocopherol in the lipid phase, but this interaction has not yet been shown to be important to human nutrition and metabolism. Newer evidence suggests that beta-carotene and tocopherol may act synergistically against lipid peroxidation, and the polyphenols, such as flavonoids provide antioxidant protection which is enhanced by vitamin C. The diverse roles of iron and copper in redox biochemistry is illustrated by their incorporation in protective metalloenzymes and by some proposed interactions with vitamins. The emerging picture of synergisms and interactions suggests that antioxidant protection may be more flexible and efficient than indicated by studies of single nutrient effects. The apparent versatility of the oxidant defense system implys that it is capable of taking advantage of diverse antioxidants provided by the diet, as well as excesses of a particular antioxidant nutrient. RP JACOB, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, POB 29997, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94129 USA. NR 43 TC 185 Z9 195 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 15 IS 5 BP 755 EP 766 DI 10.1016/0271-5317(95)00041-G PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QX473 UT WOS:A1995QX47300013 ER PT J AU KENNEDY, E GOLDBERG, J AF KENNEDY, E GOLDBERG, J TI WHAT ARE AMERICAN CHILDREN EATING - IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC-POLICY SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; SECULAR TRENDS; WEIGHT STATUS; RISK-FACTORS; DIETARY-FAT; OBESITY; YOUNG; CHILDHOOD AB As the health and demographic profile of the U.S. population changes, the food consumption patterns of American children have also changed. This review is organized around a series of policy issues looking at these new food consumption patterns, their relationship to the Dietary Guidelines, and their impact on children's health. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,MEDFORD,MA 02155. RP KENNEDY, E (reprint author), USDA,CTR NUTR POLICY & PROMOT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 63 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 4 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 53 IS 5 BP 111 EP 126 PG 16 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RL985 UT WOS:A1995RL98500001 PM 7666983 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, JT HAUSMAN, GJ AF WRIGHT, JT HAUSMAN, GJ TI MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY OF ADIPOCYTES SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PREADIPOCYTE; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; PIG; IMMUNOTOXICITY ID PLASMA-MEMBRANES; INVIVO AB Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against porcine adipocyte plasma membranes were used to demonstrate complement-mediated cytotoxicity of adipocytes and preadipocytes in primary stromal-vascular (SV) cultures. Five of the six MAbs tested significantly reduced the number of fat cell clusters in cultures maintained in medium supplemented with pig serum and dexamethasone (PS/DEX) but not in cultures supplemented with insulin, transferrin, and selenium (ITS). Neither MAb nor complement alone affected fat cell cluster number, Treatment of both ITS and PS/DEX cultures with pools of 2 or more MAbs, in combination with complement, eliminated fat cell clusters in all instances. Treatment of cultures prior to appearance of cells containing lipid demonstrated that preadipocytes, or adipose lineage cells, could also be eliminated by MAb/complement treatment. Finally, injection of young rats with a pool of three of the MAbs produced a 30% reduction in inguinal fat pad weight without affecting other tissues, Adipocyte/preadipocyte-depleted cultures can now be used as a model system to examine progression of cells through the adipose cell lineage at a time not previously possible with primary cells. RP WRIGHT, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI BATON ROUGE PA 6400 PERKINS RD, BATON ROUGE, LA 70808 SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 3 IS 3 BP 265 EP 272 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA QY824 UT WOS:A1995QY82400007 PM 7627775 ER PT J AU BURRIN, DG DAVIS, TA EBNER, S SCHOKNECHT, PA FIOROTTO, ML REEDS, PJ MCAVOY, S AF BURRIN, DG DAVIS, TA EBNER, S SCHOKNECHT, PA FIOROTTO, ML REEDS, PJ MCAVOY, S TI NUTRIENT-INDEPENDENT AND NUTRIENT-DEPENDENT FACTORS STIMULATE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS IN COLOSTRUM-FED NEWBORN PIGS SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IGF-BINDING-PROTEINS; 1ST 24 H; GROWTH-FACTORS; FASTED LAMBS; INSULIN; RATS; MILK; INFUSION; TISSUES; ORGANS AB We hypothesized that nonnutrient components, including growth factors, present in colostrum contribute to the stimulation of protein synthesis in colostrum-fed neonatal pigs. We studied neonatal pigs fed mature milk, colostrum, or a formula containing a macronutrient composition comparable to that of colostrum for 24 h. We measured the circulating concentrations of insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, glucose, and amino acids at intervals throughout the 24-h period, after which we measured in vivo protein synthesis using a flooding dose of [H-3]phenylalanine. The rates of protein synthesis in several tissues measured after 24 h of feeding were greater than those we reported previously after 6 h of feeding. The acute (within 6 h) stimulation of protein synthesis in visceral and skeletal muscle tissues of neonatal pigs fed milk, colostrum, or formula was primarily influenced by nutrient intake and associated with rapid secretion of insulin. Indirect evidence suggests that intestinal absorption of ingested colostral insulin was minimal. However, the sustained increase in tissue protein synthesis between 6 and 24 h coincided with an increase in circulating insulin-like growth factor I. We found a novel, specific stimulation of skeletal muscle and jejunal protein synthesis in colostrum-fed pigs that can be attributed to some nonnutrient component of colostrum. C1 INRA,RECH PORCINES STN,F-35590 HERMITAGE,FRANCE. RP BURRIN, DG (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 24 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 37 IS 5 BP 593 EP 599 DI 10.1203/00006450-199505000-00006 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QU435 UT WOS:A1995QU43500006 PM 7603776 ER PT J AU MULLER, S GUICHARD, G BENKIRANE, N BROWN, F VANREGENMORTEL, MHV BRIAND, JP AF MULLER, S GUICHARD, G BENKIRANE, N BROWN, F VANREGENMORTEL, MHV BRIAND, JP TI ENHANCED IMMUNOGENICITY AND CROSS-REACTIVITY OF RETRO-INVERSO PEPTIDOMIMETICS OF THE MAJOR ANTIGENIC SITE OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS SO PEPTIDE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE; ANTIBODIES; SPECIFICITY; PROTECTION; RECOGNIZE; SEQUENCE; ANALOGS; ACID; BOND AB Retro-inverso analogues of peptides corresponding to the major antigenic site 141-159 of VPI from two foot-and-mouth disease virus variants have been synthesized and tested for their antigenic and immunogenic properties. Antibodies to the L- and retro-inverso peptides were produced by injecting rabbits with peptides covalently coupled to small unilamellar liposomes containing monophosphoryl lipid A as adjusvant. When compared to the antibody response raised against the L-peptides, the duration of the IgG response that was induced bq the retro-inverso peptides was significantly longer and the titer of anti-peptide antisera was much higher. Antibodies to retro-inverso peptides cross-reacted equally well with the respective parent L-peptides. These results, obtained with a viral sequence which, was found previously to represent a good candidate for possible vaccination, show that retro-inverso peptidomimetics could be useful for enhancing the immunogenicity of peptides. C1 INST BIOL MOLEC & CELLULAIRE,CNRS,UPR 9021,F-67000 STRASBOURG,FRANCE. USDA,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY. RI Muller, Sylviane/J-5319-2014; GUICHARD, Gilles/I-3858-2016; Benkirane-Jessel, Nadia/H-6438-2016 OI GUICHARD, Gilles/0000-0002-2584-7502; NR 32 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 1040-5704 J9 PEPTIDE RES JI Peptide Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 8 IS 3 BP 138 EP 144 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA RC688 UT WOS:A1995RC68800002 PM 7670228 ER PT J AU GARBRECHT, J STARKS, P AF GARBRECHT, J STARKS, P TI NOTE ON THE USE OF USGS LEVEL-1 7.5-MINUTE DEM COVERAGES FOR LANDSCAPE DRAINAGE ANALYSES SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; NETWORKS RP GARBRECHT, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. RI Namikawa, Laercio/C-5559-2013 OI Namikawa, Laercio/0000-0001-7847-1804 NR 11 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 61 IS 5 BP 519 EP 522 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA QW803 UT WOS:A1995QW80300005 ER PT J AU BENES, SE MURPHY, TM ANDERSON, PD HOUPIS, JLJ AF BENES, SE MURPHY, TM ANDERSON, PD HOUPIS, JLJ TI RELATIONSHIP OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES TO OZONE TOLERANCE IN BRANCHES OF MATURE PONDEROSA PINE (PINUS-PONDEROSA) TREES EXPOSED TO LONG-TERM, LOW CONCENTRATION, OZONE FUMIGATION AND ACID PRECIPITATION SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES; ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE; BRANCH EXPOSURE CHAMBER; ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS; OZONE; PINUS PONDEROSA; PONDEROSA PINE; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ID BIOCHEMICAL-PLANT RESPONSES; PICEA-RUBENS SARG; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; NORWAY SPRUCE; SYLVESTRIS L; RED SPRUCE; SEASONAL-CHANGES; LEAF SENESCENCE; OXYGEN-TOXICITY; AIR-POLLUTION AB Seasonal activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (APOD, EC 1.11.1.11) and guaiacol-oxidizing enzymes (GPODs, EC 1.11.1.7) was examined in needles of 12- to 15-year-old ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) trees which received ozone (Oil and acid precipitation treatment. Individual branches were enclosed in branch exposure chambers delivering either charcoal-filtered (O-3- reduced) air, ambient air, or air with twice ambient (2x ambient) concentrations of O-3. Acid precipitation treatments were rain of pH 3.0 or 5.1 or no rain. Changes in antioxidant enzyme activity were not a consistent response to O-3 fumigation or acid precipitation, but when observed, they occurred most often in the O-3-sensitive clone and in symptomatic, fumigated branches. In the second year of fumigation. O-3 fleck symptoms appeared on needles of the sensitive clone as early as July and APOD activities were significantly increased by O-3 at all sampling dates, In the tolerant clone, antioxidant enzyme activities were not significantly changed by O-3 in the first season of fumigation (March to December 1990), not even during an episode when ambient O-3 concentrations reached 125 nl l(-1) (240 nl l(-1) in 2x ambient chambers). No foliar symptoms were observed on needles of the tolerant clone during this year. However, in the second year of fumigation (1992), O-3 fleck symptoms were observed on the tolerant clone and APOD activities were significantly increased in previous-year needles. The tolerant clone had SOD, APOD, and GPOD activities at least 40% higher than those of the sensitive clone before fumigation and 65, 178, and 119% higher, respectively, during both years of fumigation. The higher constitutive levels of these enzymes may have protected against foliar injury in 1990, however in 1992 we concluded that the stimulations in antioxidant enzyme activities observed in symptomatic branches of both clones were a consequence of O-3 injury. Total (intra- and extracellular) activities of the antioxidant enzymes did not appear to be good indicators of O-3 tolerance. Phenotypically, the O-3-tolerant clone was much more vigorous and in both years of fumigation, gas exchange rates were 30 to 71% higher than in the sensitive clone (P. D. Anderson, unpublished data), The greater vigor of the tolerant clone may allow more carbon allocation to protective and repair processes which include, but are not restricted to, the turnover of antioxidant enzymes and metabolites. C1 US FOREST SERV,PD ANDERSON FORESTRY SCI LAB,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP BENES, SE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,PLANT BIOL SECT,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 94 IS 1 BP 124 EP 134 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1995.940118.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QY431 UT WOS:A1995QY43100018 ER PT J AU ARTLIP, TS SETTER, TL MADISON, JT AF ARTLIP, TS SETTER, TL MADISON, JT TI TUBULIN ISOTYPES IN MAIZE ENDOSPERM - ALTERATIONS DURING DEVELOPMENT AND WATER-DEFICIT SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE CELL DIVISION; DROUGHT; MAIZE; SDS-PAGE; TUBULIN; ZEA MAYS ID ZEA-MAYS L; GENE-EXPRESSION; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; BETA-TUBULINS; CELL-DIVISION; PROTEINS; FAMILY; PLANT; MICROTUBULES; STARCH AB Maize (Zea mays L. cv. Pioneer 3925) endosperm development is sensitive to water deficit during rapid cell division and nuclear DNA endoreduplication. To gain insight into effects of water deficit on gene-products that are involved in these processes, we examined the accumulation of beta-tubulin, a 50-kDa subunit of microtubules. Proteins extracted from endosperms were separated by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibodies to beta-tubulin. In addition to the expected 50-kDa beta-tubulin protein, monoclonal antibodies recognized a 35-kDa protein that predominated at early stages of development and progressively disappeared coincident with the appearance of 50-kDa beta-tubulin. Various tests demonstrated that the cross-reacting 35-kDa protein was not a post-harvest artifact, but represented a group of in situ tubulin isotypes preferentially detected by the monoclonal antibodies we used. The pattern of appearance of the fragment suggested that differential expression or degradation of tubulin isotypes normally occurs during development. This expression pattern is prolonged or altered during water deficit, which may affect cell division. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA,ARS,ITHACA,NY 14851. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 94 IS 1 BP 158 EP 163 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QY431 UT WOS:A1995QY43100022 ER PT J AU MAYER, RT SHAPIRO, JP BERDIS, E HEARN, CJ MCCOLLUM, TG MCDONALD, RE DOOSTDAR, H AF MAYER, RT SHAPIRO, JP BERDIS, E HEARN, CJ MCCOLLUM, TG MCDONALD, RE DOOSTDAR, H TI CITRUS ROOTSTOCK RESPONSES TO HERBIVORY BY LARVAE OF THE SUGARCANE ROOTSTOCK BORER WEEVIL (DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS) SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE CHITINASE; CHITOSANASE; CITRUS; DEFENSE; BETA-1,3-GLUCANASE; INSECT; LARVAL FEEDING; LYSOZYME; PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; PEROXIDASE; ROOTS ID N-ACETYLATED CHITOSANS; CHITINASE AB The responses of roots to feeding by larvae of a citrus root weevil (Diaprepes abbreviatus) were investigated in Citrus grandis (L. Osb. x Poncirus trifoliata (2N) (L.) Raf.; C. grandis x P. trifoliata (4N); P. trifoliata x C. glandis (Flying Dragon x Nakon); C. paradisi Macf. x P. trifoliata (Swingle citrumelo), C. aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle (Citrus macrophylla); C. reticulota Blanco (Cleopatra mandarin); C. sinensis (L.) Osb. x P. trifoliata (Carrizo citrange); C. aurantium (L.) (sour orange). Chitinase, chitosanase, beta-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase and lysozyme activities were measured and significant differences were observed for some of the cultivars between infested and uninfested rootstocks. Generally, increased activities were observed for chitinases and decreased activities were observed for the other enzymes measured. Numerous significant differences in hydrolase and peroxidase activities were observed between cultivars. Immunological detection revealed that new protein bands occurred in root protein extracts for six of the eight cultivars infested with larvae when an antibody to a class I potato leaf chitinase was used. Antibodies generated against two citrus chitinases of M(r) 24 000 (basic chitinase cv. Valencia (C. sinensis) callus, BCVC) and M(r) 28 000 (basic chitinase/lysozyme cv. Valencia callus, BCLVC) indicated that chitinases in Carrizo were induced in infested roots when the BCVC antibody was employed. These findings justify calling these proteins pathogenesis-related proteins. The chitinase that BCLVC was prepared from exhibited high lysozyme activities, and the results of western blots showed the presence of proteins at M(r) 24 000 and 27 000 which are presumed to be lysozymes. Similar tests using antibodies against beta-1,3-glucanases and peroxidases indicated a diminution of protein bands that cross-reacted with infested root protein extracts compared with what occurred in controls. All of the root extracts were tested against chitosans with various percentages of acetylation; activities were linearly dependent on the amount of chitosan acetylation; i.e. the larger the amount of acetylation, the greater the activity, Significant differences in hydrolase activities were observed between infested and uninfested roots for the rootstocks using the variously acetylated substrates. All of the root protein extracts were capable of degrading peritrophic membranes removed from larvae of D. abbreviatus. This suggests that citrus chitinases may play a role in disrupting the peritrophic membrane such that ingested substances that pose a hazard to the insect may penetrate the membrane more easily. RP MAYER, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 33 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 94 IS 1 BP 164 EP 173 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1995.940123.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QY431 UT WOS:A1995QY43100023 ER PT J AU DELRIO, CM BRUGGER, KE RIOS, JL VERGARA, ME WITMER, M AF DELRIO, CM BRUGGER, KE RIOS, JL VERGARA, ME WITMER, M TI AN EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF DIETARY MODULATION OF INTESTINAL ENZYMES IN EUROPEAN STARLINGS (STURNUS-VULGARIS) SO PHYSIOLOGICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRUSH-BORDER; SUCRASE; ADAPTATION; ABSORPTION; BIRDS; GUT AB European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) are omnivorous passerine birds that include significant amounts of starchy grains (e.g., oats and barley) in their diet when insects and fruit are not available. We predicted that starlings would have high levels of intestinal maltase activity (the main enzyme involved in the last step of the digestion of complex carbohydrates) and the ability to up-regulate intestinal hydrolases (maltase, isomaltase, and aminopeptidase-N) in response to changes in nutrient intake. Captive starlings were fed three diets: a diet containing 52.5% cornstarch, a carbohydrate-free diet, and an insect diet. Diet had a significant effect on intestinal morphology: birds fed the carbohydrate-free diet had significantly longer intestines and larger intestinal areas than those fed either of the two other diets. Diet had a significant effect on aminopeptidase-N and isomaltase activity. Both aminopeptidase-N and isomaltase increased with protein and carbohydrate intake, respectively, but the magnitude of increase was small. Diet had no effect on maltase activity per unit intestinal area, however. Surprisingly, total maltase activity was highest in birds fed the carbohydrate-free diet, perhaps because of increased intestinal area in these birds. We used standardized phylogenetic contrasts to compare maltase activity in starlings with that of closely related insectivorous and frugivorous species. Starlings had maltase activities that were not significantly different from those of close relatives that do C1 PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT ECOL & EVOLUT BIOL,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,FLORIDA FIELD STN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601. CORNELL UNIV,ECOL & SYSTEMAT SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 49 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0031-935X J9 PHYSIOL ZOOL JI Physiol. Zool. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 68 IS 3 BP 490 EP 511 PG 22 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA QY752 UT WOS:A1995QY75200008 ER PT J AU BENEDICT, CR ALCHANATI, I HARVEY, PJ LIU, JG STIPANOVIC, RD BELL, AA AF BENEDICT, CR ALCHANATI, I HARVEY, PJ LIU, JG STIPANOVIC, RD BELL, AA TI THE ENZYMATIC FORMATION OF DELTA-CADINENE FROM FARNESYL DIPHOSPHATE IN EXTRACTS OF COTTON SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GOSSYPIUM BARBADENSE; MALVACEAE; SESQUITERPENOID PHYTOALEXINS; FARNESYL DIPHOSPHATE; DELTA-CADINENE ID BIOSYNTHESIS AB Incubation of extracts of cotton stele tissue which had been infected with Verticillium dahliae led to the enzymatic incorporation of [1-H-3]-farnesyl diphosphate into hydrocarbons soluble in hexane-ethyl acetate. The mixture of [H-3]-hydrocarbons was separated into components by HPLC. The hydrocarbon with a retention time of 17.5-18.0 min, biosynthetically prepared from (1RS)-[1-H-2]-(E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate, was analysed by GC-MS. The data not only agree with the reported mass spectrum of delta-cadinene but also support the proposed hydride shift in the biosynthesis of delta-cadinene from farnesyl diphosphate. C1 USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. RP BENEDICT, CR (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 14 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD MAY PY 1995 VL 39 IS 2 BP 327 EP 331 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(95)00066-G PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA RE041 UT WOS:A1995RE04100011 ER PT J AU HU, JS FERRERIA, S WANG, M BORTH, WB MINK, G JORDAN, R AF HU, JS FERRERIA, S WANG, M BORTH, WB MINK, G JORDAN, R TI PURIFICATION, HOST-RANGE, SEROLOGY, AND PARTIAL SEQUENCING OF DENDROBIUM MOSAIC POTYVIRUS, A NEW MEMBER OF THE BEAN COMMON MOSAIC-VIRUS SUBGROUP SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; DIFFERENTIATION; STRAINS; SUGGEST AB Dendrobium mosaic potyvirus (DeMV) was successfully transmitted from honohono orchids (Dendrobium superbum Reichb. f.) to Nicotiana benthamiana. The coat protein of the virus purified from N. benthamiana had a molecular weight of 34 x 10(3) in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, and the viral RNA was approximately 9.5 kb in size in denatured agarose gel electrophoresis. With a polyclonal antiserum produced against purified DeMV particles, DeMV was found to be widespread in honohono orchids in Hawaii. Based on serological reactions in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with monoclonal antibodies, DeMV is a potyvirus of the bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) subgroup. DeMV-specific cDNA clones were obtained and sequenced. Sequence comparison using the coat protein amino acid sequence and the 3' untranslated region sequence showed that DeMV shares 88 to 91% and 85 to 95% identity, respectively, with those sequences of BCMV subgroup members. Data from host range studies suggest that DeMV behaves similarly to other potyviruses in the BCMV subgroup such as azuki bean mosaic virus (AzMV) and blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (BICMV). Based on available information, DeMV is considered a member of the BCMV subgroup. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PROSSER,WA 99350. USDA ARS,US NATL ARBORETUM,FLORAL & NURSERY PLANTS RES UNIT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HU, JS (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1995 VL 85 IS 5 BP 542 EP 546 DI 10.1094/Phyto-85-542 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RA863 UT WOS:A1995RA86300008 ER PT J AU CHEN, XM LINE, RF AF CHEN, XM LINE, RF TI GENE-ACTION IN WHEAT CULTIVARS FOR DURABLE, HIGH-TEMPERATURE, ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE AND INTERACTION WITH RACE-SPECIFIC, SEEDLING RESISTANCE TO PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GENERAL RESISTANCE; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; YELLOW RUST ID STRIPE RUST RESISTANCE; INHERITANCE AB Stephens and Druchamp wheat( Triticum aestivum) cultivars have both durable, high-temperature, adult-plant (HTAP) resistance and race-specific, seedling resistance to stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis. Gene action for the HTAP resistance was studied in parental and F-1, F-2, and backcross populations from reciprocal crosses among Stephens, Druchamp, Paha (a cultivar with race-specific resistance); and Michigan Amber (a susceptible cultivar) using stripe rust intensity data from the field transformed to area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Based on a joint scaling test, the additive component for HTAP resistance was significant for both Stephens and Druchamp. When HTAP resistance was effective and seedling resistance was ineffective in the same parent, the dominant component and the additive-additive, additive-dominant, and dominant-dominant epistatic interactions contributed significantly to HTAP resistance in Druchamp but not in Stephens. When HTAP resistance and seedling resistance were effective in the same parent, the dominant component and additive-additive and dominant-dominant epi-static interactions were significant in both Stephens and Druchamp and the additive-dominant epistatic interaction was significant in Stephens but not in Druchamp. When HTAP resistance was effective in one parent and seedling resistance was effective in the other parent, the dominant component and the additive-additive and dominant-dominant epistatic interactions were significant in the Druchamp crosses but not in the Stephens crosses. When HTAP resistance was effective in both parents, the additive and dominant components were detected at the Mount Vernon, WA, site but not the Pullman, WA, site. A constant cytoplasmic effect and a cytoplasm-dominance interaction were significant in reciprocal crosses of Stephens with Paha inoculated with race CDL-29; HTAP resistance was greater when Stephens was the female parent. A cytoplasm-additive gene interaction was significant in the reciprocal crosses of Druchamp with Paha tested with race CDL-25. Based on the gene action of HTAP resistance and its interactions with seedling resistance, it should be possible to exploit both HTAP and seedling resistances in breeding programs and in crosses; Stephens and Druchamp should be used as female parents to obtain the highest HTAP resistance. C1 USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP CHEN, XM (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 19 TC 82 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1995 VL 85 IS 5 BP 567 EP 572 DI 10.1094/Phyto-85-567 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RA863 UT WOS:A1995RA86300013 ER PT J AU CHEN, XM LINE, RF AF CHEN, XM LINE, RF TI GENE NUMBER AND HERITABILITY OF WHEAT CULTIVARS WITH DURABLE, HIGH-TEMPERATURE, ADULT-PLANT (HTAP) RESISTANCE AND INTERACTION OF HTAP AND RACE-SPECIFIC SEEDLING RESISTANCE TO PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GENERAL RESISTANCE; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; TRITICUM AESTIVUM; YELLOW RUST ID STRIPE RUST RESISTANCE; INHERITANCE; SELECTION AB Wheat cultivars Druchamp and Stephens have durable, non-racespecific, high-temperature, adult-plant (HTAP) resistance to Puccinia striiformis, as well as race-specific resistance expressed in both seedling and adult plants. Cultivar Paha has only race-specific seedling resistance. Cultivar Michigan Amber is susceptible to all known North American races of P. striiformis. To determine the gene number and heritability of HTAP resistance and the relationship of HTAP resistance to seedling resistance, diallel, reciprocal crosses were made among Druchamp, Stephens, and Paha or Michigan Amber in a greenhouse. Parents and F-1, F-2, B-1, B-2, F-3, and F-5 progeny from all crosses were tested at Pullman, WA, in a plot inoculated with race CDL-25. The same progeny from the crosses of Druchamp and Stephens with Paha were tested at Pullman in a plot inoculated with race CDL-29, and progeny from the crosses of Druchamp with Stephens were tested with naturally occurring race CDL-25 at Mount Vernon, WA. Means and variances of area under disease progress curve based on disease intensity data were used to estimate the number of genes and the heritability of resistance in Stephens and Druchamp. IT data also were analyzed to determine the number of genes in the cultivars. Two to three KTAP resistance genes were estimated for both Druchamp and Stephens. The HTAP resistance genes in Druchamp and Stephens were different from one another and different from the race-specific resistance genes in Druchamp, Stephens, and Paha. The HTAP resistances showed no specificity for races CDL-25 and CDL-29. Estimated broad- and narrow-sense heritabilities of the HTAP resistance were high. Broad-sense heritability was 96.8% for Druchamp and 95.3% for Stephens. Narrow-sense heritability was 86.1-89.1% for Druchamp and 95.4% for Stephens. When HTAP resistance and seedling resistance were combined, estimated broad-sense heritabilities remained high (85.2-98.7%), but estimated narrow-sense heritabilities became low and variable (19.8-60.2) depending on the combination of genes. HTAP genes in both Druchamp and Stephens provided high adult-plant resistance over a range of environmental conditions. Combining these genes for resistance into new commercial cultivars should provide greater stripe rust resistance. C1 USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP CHEN, XM (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 32 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1995 VL 85 IS 5 BP 573 EP 578 DI 10.1094/Phyto-85-573 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RA863 UT WOS:A1995RA86300014 ER PT J AU BURTON, JW ISRAEL, DW WILSON, RF CARTER, TE AF BURTON, JW ISRAEL, DW WILSON, RF CARTER, TE TI EFFECTS OF DEFOLIATION ON SEED PROTEIN-CONCENTRATION IN NORMAL AND HIGH-PROTEIN LINES OF SOYBEAN SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE MAX; NITROGEN FIXATION; NITROGEN MOBILIZATION; SEED PROTEIN CONCENTRATION; SOYBEAN ID RECURRENT SELECTION; NITROGEN-FIXATION; DRY-MATTER; ACCUMULATION; TRANSPORT; PLANTS; YIELD AB Two high (NC106, NC111) and two normal (NC103, NC107) seed protein concentration lines, derived from two different recurrent selection populations of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) were subjected to partial defoliation at beginning seed fill (R5) under outdoor pot culture and field conditions. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that capacity to store N in vegetative organs and/or to mobilize that N to reproductive organs is associated with the high seed protein concentration trait. Symbiotic N-2 fixation was the sole source of N in the pot experiment and the major source of N (met > 50% of the N requirement) in the low N soil used in the field experiment. Seed protein concentration and seed yield at maturity in both experiments and N accumulation and mobilization between R5 and maturity in the pot experiment were measured. The four genotypes did not differ significantly with respect to the amount of N accumulated before beginning seed fill (R5). Removal of up to two leaflets per trifoliolate leaf at R5 significantly decreased the seed protein concentration of NC107/111 but had no effect on this trait in NC103/106. Defoliation treatments significantly decreased seed yield, whole plant N accumulation (N-2-fixation) during reproductive growth and vegetative N mobilization of all genotypes. Differences in harvest indices between the high and low protein lines accounted for approximately 35% of the differences in protein concentration. The two normal protein lines mobilized more vegetative N to the seed (average. 5.26 g plant(-1)) than the two high protein lines (average. 4.28 g plant(-1)). The two high seed protein lines (NC106, NC111) exhibited significantly different relative dependencies of reproductive N accumulation on vegetative N mobilization, 45% vs. 29%, in the control treatment. Whereas, NC103 with normal and NC106 with high seed protein concentration exhibited similar relative dependencies of reproductive N accumulation on vegetative N mobilization, (47% vs. 45%). Collectively, these results indicate that N stored in shoot organs before R5 and greater absolute and relative contribution of vegetative N mobilization to the reproductive N requirement are not responsible for the high seed protein concentration trait. RP BURTON, JW (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CORP SCI & SOIL SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 1995 VL 172 IS 1 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1007/BF00020867 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA RC928 UT WOS:A1995RC92800013 ER PT J AU SARWAR, M KREMER, RJ AF SARWAR, M KREMER, RJ TI ENHANCED SUPPRESSION OF PLANT-GROWTH THROUGH PRODUCTION OF L-TRYPTOPHAN-DERIVED COMPOUNDS BY DELETERIOUS RHIZOBACTERIA SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE AUXINS; BIOLOGICAL WEED CONTROL; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHYTOTOXICITY; RHIZOSPHERE ID CYANIDE PRODUCTION; RHIZOSPHERE; BACTERIA; AUXINS; SOIL; PATHOGENS; HORMONES; ROOTS AB Plant-growth-suppressive activity of deleterious rhizobacteria (DRB) may be due to production of metabolites absorbed through roots. Auxins produced in high concentrations in the rhizosphere by DRB contribute to reduced root growth. Selected DRB able to produce excessive amounts of auxin compounds for suppression of weed seedling growth may be effective for biological control of weeds. The objectives to this study were to assess the ability of DRB originating from weed seedlings to synthesize auxins from L-tryptophan (L-TRP), determine effects of DRB with or without L-TRP on seedling root growth, and characterize auxins produced from L-TRP using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Auxins expressed as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-equivalents were produced by 22.8% of the DRB tested based on a colorimetric method. Under laboratory conditions, a DRB isolate classified as Enterobacter taylorae with high auxin-producing potential (72 mg L(-1) IAA-equivalents) inhibited root growth of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) by 90.5% when combined with 10(-5) M L-TRP compared with non-treated control. Auxin derivatives produced by E. taylorae from L-TRP in broth culture after 24 h incubation identified by HPLC included IAA (102 mu g L(-1)), indole-3-aldehyde (IALD; 0.4 mu g L(-1)), and indole-3-lactic acid (ILA; 7.6 mu g L(-1)). Results suggest that providing L-TRP with selected auxin-producing DRB to increase phytotoxic activity against emerging weed seedlings may be a practical biological control strategy. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP SARWAR, M (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT SOIL & ATMOSPHER SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 38 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 1995 VL 172 IS 2 BP 261 EP 269 DI 10.1007/BF00011328 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA RJ244 UT WOS:A1995RJ24400011 ER PT J AU MILLARD, MM VEISZ, OB KRIZEK, DT LINE, M AF MILLARD, MM VEISZ, OB KRIZEK, DT LINE, M TI MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING (MRI) OF WATER DURING COLD-ACCLIMATION AND FREEZING IN WINTER-WHEAT SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE TRITICUM AESTIVUM L; COLD ACCLIMATION; FREEZING INJURY; NMR IMAGING; POACEAE; WHEAT ID BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; NMR; MICROSCOPY; TISSUES; STATES AB Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to analyse changes in the physical state of water in wheat crowns during cold acclimation and during the freezing/thawing cycle. Spectroscopically measured average spin-spin relaxation times (T-2) decreased during cold acclimation and increased when plants were grown at normal temperatures. Spin-spin relaxation times were accurately approximated by mono-exponential rates for water relaxation on a pixel basis in images, Spin-spin relaxation images whose contrast is proportional to T-2 times were calculated allowing association of water relaxation with regions of tissue in spin-echo images during acclimation and freezing, Images taken during freezing revealed nonuniform freezing of tissue in crowns and roots, Acclimated and non-acclimated wheat crowns were imaged during freezing and after thawing, Spin-echo image signal intensity and T-2 times decreased dramatically between -4 degrees C and -8 degrees C as a result of a decrease in water mobility during freezing. Images collected during thawing were diffuse with less structure and relaxation times were longer, consistent with water redistribution in tissue after membrane damage. C1 HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI,AGR RES INST,H-2462 MARTONVASAR,HUNGARY. USDA ARS,NAT RESOURCES INST,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MILLARD, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NAT RESOURCES INST,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Meszaros, Klara/B-3286-2013; Veisz, Otto Balint/B-3018-2013 NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 18 IS 5 BP 535 EP 544 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00553.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QZ487 UT WOS:A1995QZ48700005 ER PT J AU BUNCE, JA AF BUNCE, JA TI THE EFFECT OF CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION ON RESPIRATION OF GROWING AND MATURE SOYBEAN LEAVES SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE MAX; CARBON DIOXIDE; CLIMATE CHANGE; GROWTH RESPIRATION; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; SOYBEAN ID DARK RESPIRATION; PLANT RESPIRATION; CO2 ENRICHMENT; ELEVATED CO2; GROWTH; MAINTENANCE; INHIBITION; EFFLUX; TERM AB Soybean plants were grown continuously at 350 and 700cm(3)m(-3) CO2 at constant temperature, Respiration rates of third trifoliolate leaves were measured at the growth CO2 concentration for the whole dark period from 5d before through to 5d after full area expansion, The short-term response of respiration rate to the measurement CO2 concentration was also determined at each age, Respiration rates per unit of dry mass declined with age and were significantly less at a given age or RGR in leaves grown and measured at the elevated CO2. The difference in respiration rate was largest in mature leaves and resulted from the different measurement CO2 concentrations, The respiratory costs of the tissue synthesis, estimated from the elemental composition of the tissue, did not differ substantially between CO2 treatments, The response of respiration rate to carbon dioxide concentration was not strongly affected by the form of nitrogen supplied. Maintenance respiration calculated by subtracting growth respiration from total respiration was negative in rapidly growing leaves for both CO2 treatments, This indicates that CO2 efflux in the dark does not accurately reflect the average 24h rate of energy expenditure on growth and maintenance for soybean leaves. RP BUNCE, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, CLIMATE STRESS LAB, 10300 BALTIMORE AVE, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 18 IS 5 BP 575 EP 581 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00557.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QZ487 UT WOS:A1995QZ48700009 ER PT J AU MOHAMEDYASSEEN, Y BARRINGER, SA SCHNELL, RJ SPLITTSTOESSER, WE AF MOHAMEDYASSEEN, Y BARRINGER, SA SCHNELL, RJ SPLITTSTOESSER, WE TI IN-VITRO SHOOT PROLIFERATION AND PROPAGATION OF GUAVA (PSIDIUM-GUAJAVA L) FROM GERMINATED SEEDLINGS SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Guava seeds were germinated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with or without 8.8 mu M benzyladenine (BA). BA increased the rate of germination and the number of lateral shoots (3.4 vs 1.2 per seedling). Stem nodes from these lateral shoots were cultured on proliferation media with 4.4 mu M BA, and multiple shoots (3.5) were formed within 4 weeks of culture. Increasing the concentration of BA or the addition of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) did not affect shoot formation. Shoots produced from explants and lateral shoots from germinated seedlings were rooted in media containing activated charcoal (AC) or 9.8 mu M indolebutyric acid (IBA). Shoots rooted with IBA had a higher rooting percentage (100% vs 75%) and a greater number of roots (5.5 vs 3.2) but the shoots were shorter (2.6 vs 3.4 cm) than when rooted in AC, and they required an additional 4 weeks of culture in media with AC to achieve shoot elongation. About 80% of the shoots with roots survived in the glasshouse and produced normal phenotypic plants. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT HORT,URBANA,IL 61801. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECH,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. USDA ARS,MIAMI,FL 33158. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD MAY PY 1995 VL 14 IS 8 BP 525 EP 528 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RK820 UT WOS:A1995RK82000012 PM 24185525 ER PT J AU RAJASHEKAR, G PALMQUIST, D LEDBETTER, CA AF RAJASHEKAR, G PALMQUIST, D LEDBETTER, CA TI IN-VITRO SCREENING-PROCEDURE FOR OSMOTIC TOLERANCE IN PRUNUS SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE MANNITOL; MARIANNA 2624; MICROPROPAGATION; ROOTSTOCK; STRESS ID WATER-STRESS; RESISTANCE; ADJUSTMENT; INVITRO; DROUGHT AB Significant growth differences (p less than or equal to < 0.01) were observed for two micropropagated Prunus accessions after 14 days in culture when 685 mM mannitol was included in Quoirin and Lepoivre nutrient medium. While there was an 11% growth increase in fresh weight during the 28-day culture period for accession K537-067, explants from New Jersey Plumcot No. 3 increased fresh weight an average of 123%. Similar tests were conducted to determine the repeatability of this short term in vitro screening procedure. Explants of Mananna 2624 were subjected to two levels of mannitol, 275 mM and 550 mM, included in the Quoirin and Lepoivre nutrient medium. Three successive 28-day tests were conducted. Explants were examined at both 14 and 28 days after the onset of the experiment for net growth changes. Addition of mannitol to the nutrient medium at concentrations of 275 mM and 550 mM decreased explant fresh weights of Marianna 2624 to 36% and 28% of controls, respectively, at 28 days past initial culture. Initial fresh weight and fresh weight changes at day 14 were significantly different (p less than or equal to 0.05) between tests. No significant differences existed between tests with regard to weight changes at 28 days past initial culture. This information may aid Prunus breeders in the choice of procedures for inducing drought stress and screening large numbers of plant accessions. C1 USDA ARS,CTR RENEWABLE RESOURCE,RENO,NV 89512. RP RAJASHEKAR, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 41 IS 2 BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.1007/BF00051585 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA RL712 UT WOS:A1995RL71200009 ER PT J AU ROCHAPENA, MA LEE, RF LASTRA, R NIBLETT, CL OCHOACORONA, FM GARNSEY, SM YOKOMI, RK AF ROCHAPENA, MA LEE, RF LASTRA, R NIBLETT, CL OCHOACORONA, FM GARNSEY, SM YOKOMI, RK TI CITRUS-TRISTEZA-VIRUS AND ITS APHID VECTOR TOXOPTERA-CITRICIDA - THREATS TO CITRUS PRODUCTION IN THE CARIBBEAN AND CENTRAL AND NORTH-AMERICA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PLANT C1 UNIV FLORIDA,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL. CTR AGRON TROP & INVEST ENSENANZA,TURRIALBA,COSTA RICA. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. CENT UNIV VENEZUELA,FAC AGRON,MARACAY,VENEZUELA. USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. RP ROCHAPENA, MA (reprint author), INIFAP,SAGDR,CAMPO EXPTL GEN TERAN,APARTADO POSTAL 3,GEN TERAN 67400,NUEVO LEON,MEXICO. NR 65 TC 100 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 79 IS 5 BP 437 EP 445 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RB055 UT WOS:A1995RB05500001 ER PT J AU PRATT, RG ROWE, DE AF PRATT, RG ROWE, DE TI COMPARATIVE PATHOGENICITY OF ISOLATES OF SCLEROTINIA-TRIFOLIORUM AND S-SCLEROTIORUM ON ALFALFA CULTIVARS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Eight cultivars and one experimental population of alfalfa were artificially inoculated with five isolates each of Sclerotinia trifoliorum and S. sclerotiorum. Isolates of both species originated from different forage legume hosts and geographic areas in the United States. Inoculations were performed by dusting dried and comminuted mixtures of infested wheat and oat grain over foliage of 4-wk-old plants. Plants were maintained at 17-20 C with intermittent atmospheric saturation for 24 days after which plant survival was evaluated. Isolates of both Sclerotinia species differed significantly (P < 0.01) in virulence. Alfalfa cultivars differed significantly (P = 0.02) in susceptibility, and responses of cultivars to the two species were generally similar. Florida 77 was the most susceptible of the eight cultivars to both Sclerotinia species, and 5472 was the least susceptible. An experimental population (STR), previously selected from cultivar Delta for resistance to S. trifoliorum, expressed the least susceptibility to both Sclerotinia spp. Cultivar x isolate interactions were not significant for S. sclerotiorum but were significant (P < 0.01) for S. trifoliorum. These interactions appeared to be caused by differences in virulence of isolates and did not suggest the occurrence of pathogenic races. Significant (P < 0.01) experiment x cultivar and experiment x isolate interactions also occurred for both species; possible causes are discussed. Results indicate that responses of these alfalfa cultivars to S. trifoliorum and S. sclerotiorum are generally similar, that selection for resistance to S. trifoliorum in alfalfa may also confer resistance to S. sclerotiorum, that no evidence for different pathogenic races was detected among the isolates, and that host of origin is not an important determinant for the virulence of Sclerotinia isolates on alfalfa. RP PRATT, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 21 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 79 IS 5 BP 474 EP 477 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RB055 UT WOS:A1995RB05500008 ER PT J AU BONDE, MR PETERSON, L RIZVI, SA SMILANICK, JL AF BONDE, MR PETERSON, L RIZVI, SA SMILANICK, JL TI MYCLOBUTANIL AS A CURATIVE AGENT FOR CHRYSANTHEMUM WHITE RUST SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PUCCINIA-HORIANA AB In response to a recent outbreak of chrysanthemum white rust, caused by Puccinia horiana in California, research was conducted to test the fungicide myclobutanil for its effectiveness as a foliar chemical control for the disease. Myclobutanil applied 5 days after exposure of susceptible plants to sporidial inoculum had extremely strong curative properties and usually prevented disease development in either inoculated plants or cuttings obtained from presymptomatic infected mother plants. Even though lesions with pustules developed on inoculated plants when they were sprayed with the fungicide at 10, 15, or 20 days after sporidial inoculation, the pathogen produced few sporidia in an otherwise conducive environment. Myclobutanil at 100 mg a.i./liter, however, was not highly effective for preventing infection when sprayed onto plants 5 days before inoculation, although it did reduce disease incidence. The data indicate that myclobutanil (100 mg a.i./liter) used as a dip treatment for chrysanthemum cuttings prior to planting is suitable as a regulatory treatment for exclusion and eradication of chrysanthemum white rust. C1 US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,PPQ,BALTIMORE,MD 21202. USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727. RP BONDE, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT DETRICK,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 79 IS 5 BP 500 EP 505 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RB055 UT WOS:A1995RB05500013 ER PT J AU DEAHL, KL INGLIS, DA AF DEAHL, KL INGLIS, DA TI OCCURRENCE OF METALAXYL-INSENSITIVE PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS ON SOLANUM SARACHOIDES IN NORTHWESTERN WASHINGTON SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,MT VERNON REU,MT VERNON,WA 98273. RP DEAHL, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS,PSI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 2 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 79 IS 5 BP 540 EP 540 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RB055 UT WOS:A1995RB05500029 ER PT J AU SHACHARHILL, Y PFEFFER, PE DOUDS, D OSMAN, SF DONER, LW RATCLIFFE, RG AF SHACHARHILL, Y PFEFFER, PE DOUDS, D OSMAN, SF DONER, LW RATCLIFFE, RG TI PARTITIONING OF INTERMEDIARY CARBON METABOLISM IN VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL LEEK SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID C-13 NMR; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; ROOTS; CARBOHYDRATE; PHOSPHORUS; TREHALOSE; INFECTION; NYSTOSE; DEMAND AB Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are symbionts for a large variety of crop plants; however, the form in which they take up carbon from the host is not established. To trace the course of carbon metabolism, we have used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with [C-13]glucose labeling in vivo and in extracts to examine leek (Allium porrum) roots colonized by Glomus etunicatum (and uncolonized controls) as well as germinating spores. These studies implicate glucose as a likely substrate for vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the symbiotic state. Root feeding of 0.6 mM 1-[C-13]glucose labeled only the fungal metabolites trehalose and glycogen. The time course of this labeling was dependent on the status of the host. Incubation with 50 mM 1-[C-13]glucose caused labeling of sucrose (in addition to fungal metabolites) with twice as much labeling in uncolonized plants. There was no detectable scrambling of the label from C1 glucose to the C6 position of glucose moieties in trehalose or glycogen. Labeling of mannitol C1,6 in the colonized root tissue was much less than in axenically germinating spores. Thus, carbohydrate metabolism of host and fungus are significantly altered in the symbiotic state. C1 UNIV OXFORD,DEPT PLANT SCI,OXFORD OX1 3RB,ENGLAND. RP SHACHARHILL, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. RI Shachar-Hill, Yair/B-6165-2013; OI Shachar-Hill, Yair/0000-0001-8793-5084; Ratcliffe, George/0000-0001-8394-1575 NR 35 TC 150 Z9 165 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 108 IS 1 BP 7 EP 15 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QX980 UT WOS:A1995QX98000002 ER PT J AU SIMPSON, TD GARDNER, HW AF SIMPSON, TD GARDNER, HW TI ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE AND ALLENE OXIDE CYCLASE, ENZYMES OF THE JASMONIC ACID PATHWAY, LOCALIZED IN GLYCINE-MAX TISSUES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STORAGE PROTEIN GENES; HYDROPEROXIDE ISOMERASE; LIPOXYGENASE; METABOLISM AB Because jasmonic acid regulates a number of processes, including the expression of vegetative storage proteins in soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves, the relative activity of a specific portion of the jasmonic acid biosynthetic pathway in soybean tissues was examined. Allene oxide synthase and allene oxide cyclase were examined because they constitute a branch point leading specifically from 13(S)-hydroperoxy-9(Z), 11(E), 15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid to 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, the precursor of jasmonic acid. From growing plants, seed coats (hila plus testae) of green fruits (38 d postanthesis) were most active, eliciting about 1.5 times greater activity on a per milligram of protein basis than the next most active tissue, which was the pericarp. Leaves from fruiting plants were only one-seventh as active as seed coats, and activities in both immature cotyledons and embryonic axes were very low. No activity was detected in any part of stored, mature seeds. After 72 h of germination of stored seeds, a small amount of activity, about 4% of that in immature seed coats, was found in the plumule-hypocotyl-root, and no activity was detected in the cotyledons. The high levels of jasmonic acid biosynthetic enzymes in soybean pericarp and seed coat suggest a role for jasmonic acid in the transfer of assimilate to seeds. RP SIMPSON, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 108 IS 1 BP 199 EP 202 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QX980 UT WOS:A1995QX98000023 ER PT J AU SUN, ZT DUKE, SH HENSON, CA AF SUN, ZT DUKE, SH HENSON, CA TI THE ROLE OF PEA CHLOROPLAST ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE IN TRANSITORY STARCH DEGRADATION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PISUM-SATIVUM-L; SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS; HIGHER-PLANTS; BIOSYNTHESIS; QUANTITATION; GRANULES; ENZYMES; LEAVES; FORMS; LIGHT AB Pea chloroplastic alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) involved in transitory starch degradation was purified to apparent homogeneity by ion exchange, reactive dye, hydroxylapatite, hydrophobic interaction, and gel filtration column chromatography. The native molecular mass and the subunit molecular mass were about 49.1 and 24.4 kD, respectively, suggesting that the enzyme is a homodimer. The enzyme had a K-m of 7.18 mM for maltose. The enzyme's maximal activity at pH 7.0 and stability at pH 6.5 are compatible with the diurnal oscillations of the chloroplastic stromal pH and transitory starch accumulation. This pH modulation of the alpha-glucosidase's activity and stability is the only mechanism known to regulate starch degradative enzymes in leaves. Although the enzyme was specific for the alpha-D-glucose in the nonreducing end as the glycon, the aglycon moieties could be composed of a variety of groups. However, the hydrolysis rate was greatly influenced by the aglycon residues. Also, the enzyme could hydrolyze glucans in which carbon 1 of the glycon was linked to different carbon positions of the penultimate glucose residue. The ability of the alpha-glucosidase to hydrolyze alpha-1,2- and alpha-1,3-glucosidic bonds may be vital if these bonds exist in starch granules because they would be barriers to other starch degradative enzymes. This purified pea chloroplastic alpha-glucosidase was demonstrated to initiate attacks on native transitory chloroplastic starch granules. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, USDA ARS, DEPT AGRON, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, USDA ARS, CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. NR 30 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 108 IS 1 BP 211 EP 217 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QX980 UT WOS:A1995QX98000025 ER PT J AU DENISON, RF KINRAIDE, TB AF DENISON, RF KINRAIDE, TB TI OXYGEN-INDUCED MEMBRANE DEPOLARIZATIONS IN LEGUME ROOT-NODULES - POSSIBLE EVIDENCE FOR AN OSMOELECTRICAL MECHANISM CONTROLLING NODULE GAS-PERMEABILITY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION BARRIER OPERATION; SOYBEAN NODULES; NITROGENASE ACTIVITY; O-2 CONCENTRATION; LUPIN NODULES; LEGHEMOGLOBIN; RESPIRATION; NITRATE; PLANTS; CELLS AB Various stresses trigger rapid and reversible decreases in the O-2 permeability (P-O) of legume root nodules. Several possible mechanisms have been proposed, but no supporting data have previously been presented that meet the requirements for both rapidity and reversibility. Stomatal regulation of gas permeability in leaves involves electrically driven fluxes of inorganic osmoticants, so we investigated the possibility of a somewhat similar mechanism in nodules. We used microelectrodes to monitor membrane potential in intact, attached nodules of Glycine max, Medicago sativa, Lotus corniculatus, and Trifolium repens while controlling external O-2 concentration and, in the case of G. max, measuring P-O with a nodule oximeter. A 1- to 2-min exposure to 100 kPa O-2 was found to induce rapid and reversible membrane depolarizations in nodules of each species. This depolarization (which, to our knowledge, is unique to nodules) is accompanied by reversible decreases in P-O in G. max nodules. An osmoelectrical mechanism for control of nodule gas permeability, consistent with these data, is presented. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. NR 32 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 108 IS 1 BP 235 EP 240 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QX980 UT WOS:A1995QX98000028 ER PT J AU BAKER, CJ HARMON, GL GLAZENER, JA ORLANDI, EW AF BAKER, CJ HARMON, GL GLAZENER, JA ORLANDI, EW TI A NONINVASIVE TECHNIQUE FOR MONITORING PEROXIDATIVE AND H2O2-SCAVENGING ACTIVITIES DURING INTERACTIONS BETWEEN BACTERIAL PLANT-PATHOGENS AND SUSPENSION CELLS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE OXYGEN PRODUCTION; SYRINGAE-PV-SYRINGAE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; HYPERSENSITIVE REACTION; HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE; SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; OXIDATIVE BURST; K+/H+ EXCHANGE; TOBACCO CELLS AB Stimulation of active oxygen metabolism occurs during the early stages of interactions involving bacteria and plant cell suspensions. Although many cellular processes are known to affect active oxygen metabolism in plants, it is not known which of these factors affect active oxygen levels during plant-bacteria interactions. Extracellular peroxidases have been shown to participate in both the production and utilization of active oxygen species such as H2O2 and superoxide. Catalase and other scavenging mechanisms also affect the overall level of active oxygen. In this study the luminol-dependent chemiluminescent reaction previously used to measure H2O2 levels in suspension cells was modified to allow the assay of both peroxidase and H2O2-scavenging activity. The early stages of the interactions between tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae, as well as between soybean (Glycine max) and P. syringae pv glycinea, were investigated. This method of monitoring peroxidase and H2O2-scavenging activity proved to be rapid, sensitive, and nonintrusive, allowing the processing of multiple samples using intact cells or cell-free preparations. The results from the study demonstrate that the scavenging activities can be significant and must be considered when studying active oxygen production in biological interactions. RP BAKER, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 37 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 108 IS 1 BP 353 EP 359 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QX980 UT WOS:A1995QX98000043 ER PT J AU TURLEY, RB FERGUSON, DL MEREDITH, WR AF TURLEY, RB FERGUSON, DL MEREDITH, WR TI A CDNA-ENCODING RIBOSOMAL-PROTEIN S4E FROM COTTON (GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L) SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CROSS-LINKING; X-CHROMOSOME; GENES; INACTIVATION; INTERFACE; SUBUNITS; RNA RP TURLEY, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 345,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 108 IS 1 BP 431 EP 432 DI 10.1104/pp.108.1.431 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QX980 UT WOS:A1995QX98000057 PM 7784518 ER PT J AU SAAB, IN SACHS, MM AF SAAB, IN SACHS, MM TI COMPLETE CDNA AND GENOMIC SEQUENCE ENCODING A FLOODING-RESPONSIVE GENE FROM MAIZE (ZEA-MAYS L) HOMOLOGOUS TO XYLOGLUCAN ENDOTRANSGLYCOSYLASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDOXYLOGLUCAN TRANSFERASE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE C1 USDA ARS,PLANT PHYSIOL & GENET UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. RP SAAB, IN (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [5 R01 GM34740] NR 12 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 108 IS 1 BP 439 EP 440 DI 10.1104/pp.108.1.439 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QX980 UT WOS:A1995QX98000061 PM 7784522 ER PT J AU FETT, WF JONES, SB AF FETT, WF JONES, SB TI MICROSCOPY OF THE INTERACTION OF HRP MUTANTS OF PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE PV PHASEOLICOLA WITH A NONHOST PLANT SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE; HRP; MICROSCOPY; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; TOBACCO ID HYPERSENSITIVE REACTION; GENE-CLUSTER; PATHOGENICITY; CAMPESTRIS; TOMATO; LEAVES; CELLS; DETERMINANTS; SOLANACEARUM; VESICATORIA AB Pseudomonas syringae pv, phaseolicola is a pathogen of green bean and induces localized, rapid plant cell death (the hypersensitive response or HR) when placed into leaves of the nonhost plant tobacco. The hrp genes control both pathogenicity and the ability to cause the HR. In this study we examined the interaction of the wild-type parent strain (NPS3121) and three independent, prototrophic hrp mutants (NPS4000, NPS4003, NPS4005) with tobacco by use of light and transmission electron microscopy. Even though the hrp mutants did not induce macroscopic symptoms on leaves by 48 h postinoculation, localized disruption of parenchyma cells did occur, The rapidity and severity of microscopic symptoms was related to the relative abilities of the mutants to cause macroscopic symptoms on green bean. Cells of the hrp mutants exhibited extensive surface blebbing. The increased surface blebbing of the mutants may reflect either outer membrane disorganization and/or a reduced ability to cope with an hypoosmotic apoplastic environment by production of periplasmic glucans. Unlike induction of a macroscopic HR, induction of more subtle responses by nonhost plant cells is not dependent on the presence of an intact hrp cluster. RP FETT, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 107 IS 1 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(95)04095-C PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA QX974 UT WOS:A1995QX97400004 ER PT J AU YAKLICH, RW HERMAN, EM AF YAKLICH, RW HERMAN, EM TI PROTEIN STORAGE VACUOLES OF SOYBEAN ALEURONE CELLS ACCUMULATE A UNIQUE GLYCOPROTEIN SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALEURONE; GOLGI APPARATUS; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; PROTEIN STORAGE VACUOLES; SOYBEAN; XYLOGLYCOPROTEIN ID HIGH-PRESSURE FROZEN; GOLGI-APPARATUS; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; BEAN COTYLEDONS; SEED COAT; BARLEY; LOCALIZATION; EXPRESSION AB The single cell-layer of aleurone cells exhibits structural evidence of high levels of Golgi apparatus mediated secretory activity [1]. We have used an antiserum directed against beta-1,2-xyloglycan side chains of proteins as a probe of protein trafficking and Golgi activity. Although the aleurone contains many distinct xyloglycoproteins the primary xyloglycoprotein accumulated in the aleurone is a 42-kDa polypeptide. The 42-kDa xyloglycoprotein is accumulated in protein storage vacuoles within the aleurone cells. Comparison of anti-beta-xyloglycoprotein immunoblots of the other embryonic tissues, cotyledon and axis, indicated that while numerous xyloglycoproteins appeared to be present in these tissues the 42-kDa xyloglycoprotein was absent. The identity of the protein storage vacuoles was confirmed by the presence of alpha-TIP (alpha-tonoplast integral protein) in the limiting membrane of the vacuoles. The aleurone also accumulates a variety of embryo-specific proteins including conglycinin, soybean agglutinin, and the oil body protein 24-kDa oleosin. The xyloglycoproteins appear to traffic through the Golgi apparatus. The anti-beta-xyloglycoprotein serum labeled xyloglycoproteins in the medial-trans Golgi cisternae suggesting that the xylosylation of N-linked glycan was a medial-late processing event initiated in the medial Golgi cisternae. We interpret our results to indicate soybean aleurone cells accumulate a specific abundant xyloglycoprotein of unknown function in the cell's protein storage vacuole that appears to be unique to this single-cell layer of embryonic cells. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP YAKLICH, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BLDG 008,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 107 IS 1 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(95)04094-B PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA QX974 UT WOS:A1995QX97400007 ER PT J AU GAVORA, JS BENKEL, B SPENCER, JL GAGNON, C CRITTENDEN, LB AF GAVORA, JS BENKEL, B SPENCER, JL GAGNON, C CRITTENDEN, LB TI INFLUENCE OF THE ALV6 RECOMBINANT AVIAN-LEUKOSIS VIRUS TRANSGENE ON PRODUCTION TRAITS AND INFECTION WITH AVIAN TUMOR-VIRUSES IN CHICKENS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TRANSGENE; AVIAN TUMOR VIRUSES; CHICKEN; EGG PRODUCTION; GENOME ID ENDOGENOUS VIRAL GENES; LEGHORN CHICKENS; EGG-PRODUCTION; GERM LINE; RESISTANCE; SEQUENCE AB The biological costs of the alv6 recombinant transgene that in chickens induces dominant resistance to the subgroup A avian leukosis virus (ALV), in terms of effects on production traits, were studied. Four generations of White Leghorn chickens of Line TR, segregating for alv6 but free of endogenous viral genes, as well as two generations of crosses between TR and Ottawa Line WG (WGTR) were tested under a specific-pathogen-free environment. In the birds studied, the transgene appeared unchanged compared to the original alv6: No major changes in alv6 DNA were detected by restriction analysis, the transgene did not express the group-specific antigen of ALV, and its presence was associated with absence of immune response to ALV. Ln most test years, and both TR and WGTR genomic backgrounds, alv6 was associated with delayed sexual maturity by 4 to 6 d, reduced egg production to 497 d of age by 20 to 46 eggs, and a 3.6 to 15% decline in egg production rate. No consistent effects on other traits, including mortality, were detected. When inoculated with the AC-1 isolate of Marek's disease virus in a separate experiment, TR birds with alv6 had a significantly lower body weight gain to 10 d of age than their sibs without the transgene. Thus, transgenesis has biological costs that have to be assessed against desirable effects of transgenes. C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. RP GAVORA, JS (reprint author), AGR & AGRI FOOD CANADA,CTR FOOD & ANIM RES,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0C6,CANADA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 74 IS 5 BP 852 EP 863 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA QV079 UT WOS:A1995QV07900012 PM 7603962 ER PT J AU GAST, RK HOLT, PS AF GAST, RK HOLT, PS TI DIFFERENCES IN THE MULTIPLICATION OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS STRAINS IN LIQUID WHOLE EGG - IMPLICATIONS FOR DETECTING CONTAMINATED EGGS FROM COMMERCIAL LAYING FLOCKS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS; CHICKEN; EGGS; CULTURE; PUBLIC HEALTH ID SHELL EGGS; HENS; GROWTH; POOLS AB Bacterial culturing of eggs for Salmonella enteritidis has become an important tool in efforts to identify laying flocks that potentially threaten public health. As pools of egg contents are generally incubated before culturing to allow S. enteritidis numbers to multiply to easily detectable levels, any differences in the multiplication of S. enteritidis strains in egg pools could result in similar differences in the likelihood of detection. To assess whether 12 S. enteritidis strains would multiply to reach different final levels in pools of egg contents, 100-mL samples of liquid whole egg were experimentally contaminated with <10 cfu of the various strains. After incubation for 24 h at 37 C, the number of colony-forming units of S. enteritidis in each pool was determined. Significant differences were observed between strains in the extent of expansion of the S. enteritidis population during incubation (some strains grew to levels more than a thousand times greater than others). Iron supplementation of the pools during incubation significantly increased S. enteritidis growth and reduced the extent of variation between strains. RP GAST, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 74 IS 5 BP 893 EP 897 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA QV079 UT WOS:A1995QV07900017 PM 7603967 ER PT J AU DAVEY, RB AHRENS, EH GEORGE, JE KARNS, JS AF DAVEY, RB AHRENS, EH GEORGE, JE KARNS, JS TI EFFICACY OF FRESHLY MIXED COUMAPHOS SUSPENSIONS ADJUSTED TO VARIOUS PH LEVELS FOR TREATMENT OF CATTLE INFESTED WITH BOOPHILUS-ANNULATUS (SAY) (ACARI, IXODIDAE) SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; BOOPHILUS ANNULATUS; COUMAPHOS; PH EFFECTS AB Reductive dechlorination of coumaphos results in the formation of a highly toxic material, potasan, but lower pH (less than or equal to 5.5) of the liquid containing coumaphos may eliminate this degradation process. However, the effects of lower pH on the rapid settling of coumaphos particles and on the efficacy of the pesticide are not known, Three suspensions were made from a freshly mixed stock solution of a flowable formulation of coumaphos at 0.125% active ingredient at pH values of 6.7, 5.5, and 4.5. Coumaphos particles were observed to remain well suspended in all pH treatments before, during, and for up to 1 h after applications were made on tick infested cattle, suggesting that there was no break in any of the coumaphos suspensions. Likewise, observations on the behavior of each of the animals (both treated and untreated) appeared to be similar and uniform across all groups, suggesting that the lowering of the pH would not cause any noticeable adverse reaction in the treated animals. Data obtained from the coumaphos suspensions at each of the three pH treatments (pH 6.7, 5.5, and 4.5) against Boophilus annulatus (Say) resulted in control of the index of reproduction (IR) that ranged from 94.4 to 96.5%, indicating that pH had little effect on the efficacy of the acaricide. Results also indicated that the pH of coumaphos suspensions had little effect on engorgement weights (range 270-280 mg), egg mass weights (range 88-100 mg), or percent hatch of eggs (range 57-71%) of females that survived the treatments. Therefore, we concluded that coumaphos suspensions with a pH as low as 4.5 would have no observable adverse effect on the rapid settling of coumaphos particles in suspension, cause no noticeable adverse reactions in treated animals, and remain highly efficacious against B. annulatus. C1 USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LA,KERRVILLE,TX 78028. USDA ARS,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP DAVEY, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,CATTLE FEVER TICK LAB,POB 969,MISSION,TX 78573, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 23 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/0167-5877(94)00434-K PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RD898 UT WOS:A1995RD89800001 ER PT J AU VANDLIK, JM AF VANDLIK, JM TI VOTING FOR SMOKEY-BEAR - POLITICAL ACCOUNTABILITY AND THE NEW CHIEF OF THE FOREST-SERVICE SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Article AB Has the Clinton administration politicized the USDA Forest Service vice? John M. Vandlik discusses the appointment of Jack Ward Thomas as the new chief, and first political appointee, of the Forest Service. He asserts that such an appointment provides a needed element of political accountability to an agency which is guided by a statutory mission that is dependent upon agency value judgments. RP VANDLIK, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,OFF GEN COUNSEL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PUBLIC ADMIN PI WASHINGTON PA 1120 G STREET WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0033-3352 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV JI Public Adm. Rev. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 55 IS 3 BP 284 EP 292 DI 10.2307/3110247 PG 9 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA QW282 UT WOS:A1995QW28200009 ER PT J AU PARRY, IWH AF PARRY, IWH TI OPTIMAL POLLUTION TAXES AND ENDOGENOUS TECHNOLOGICAL-PROGRESS SO RESOURCE AND ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE EXTERNALITIES; POLLUTION TAXES; R AND D; PATENT; ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES ID ECONOMICS; INNOVATION; INCENTIVES; PATENTS; POLICY; FIRM AB The optimal pollution tax becomes complicated when allowance is made for endogenous innovation, under a patent system. However, if anything, it is below marginal environmental damages, to counteract monopoly pricing by the patent holder, the common pool effect associated with research and a possible excess of patent holder revenue over the social benefits from innovation when environmental damages are convex. In cases where patents are weak at securing appropriability, for example when rivals can easily imitate around patented technologies, awarding research prizes or contracts is probably more efficient than raising the pollution tax. RP PARRY, IWH (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE,ROOM 437F,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 23 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-7655 J9 RESOUR ENERGY ECON JI Resour. Energy Econ. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 17 IS 1 BP 69 EP 85 DI 10.1016/0928-7655(94)00010-H PG 17 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RJ291 UT WOS:A1995RJ29100004 ER PT J AU KHAVKIN, EE COE, EH AF KHAVKIN, EE COE, EH TI ORGANIZATION OF GROWTH-REGULATING GENES IN MAIZE .1. THE FUNCTIONAL CLUSTERS OF GENES SO RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ZEA MAYS; GROWTH; DEVELOPMENT; HORMONES; GENES; MUTATIONS ID PLANT DEVELOPMENT; EXPRESSION; MUTANTS; MORPHOGENESIS; GENETICS; SHOOT; MUTATIONS; KNOTTED-1; FATES AB In the maize (Zea mays L.) genome, the loci with a phenotypic expression related to growth and development appear to associate in clusters of about 10 to 30 cM long, which are unevenly distributed along the chromosomes. A typical cluster of naked eye polymorphisms includes mutants expressing retarded stem growth, changed attitude, and disturbed growth of leaves, stems, and roots, or their components, reduction and various malformations of inflorescences, and vivipary. This pattern is repeated, with considerable consistency, in different regions of the genetic map. The combined length of these clusters is about 30% of the total map length. We suggest that these repeating clusters are the functional units comprising genes for sensors and transducers to translate environmental and hormonal signals to the growth machinery, and master genes to govern the critical spatial and temporal transitions in cell growth and differentiation. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP KHAVKIN, EE (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD AGR SCI,INST AGR BIOTECHNOL,UL TIMIRYAZEVSKAYA 42,MOSCOW 127550,RUSSIA. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA PI NEW YORK PA C/O PLENUM/CONSULTANTS BUREAU 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1021-4437 J9 RUSS J PLANT PHYSL+ JI Russ. J. Plant Physiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 42 IS 3 BP 408 EP 420 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RC133 UT WOS:A1995RC13300019 ER PT J AU ASHTON, PG PICKENS, JB AF ASHTON, PG PICKENS, JB TI EMPLOYMENT DIVERSITY AND ECONOMIC-PERFORMANCE IN SMALL, RESOURCE-DEPENDENT COMMUNITIES NEAR WESTERN NATIONAL FORESTS SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE COMMUNITY STABILITY; DEPENDENT COMMUNITIES; ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION; ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE; EMPLOYMENT DIVERSITY; ENTROPY INDEX ID STABILITY AB Despite almost 100 years of policies designed to promote the stability of communities and an emerging body of research on the issue (Byron, 1978; Huebner, 1988; Wear et al., 1989), the relationship between the economies of forest-dependent communities and resource management is poorly understood (Machlis & Force, 1987; Muth & Lee, 1986; Schallau, 1989). This knowledge gap has made formulation of natural resource management policies difficult. This study aims to clarify relationships between the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service programs and the economies of affected small rural communities. The study addresses two main issues: dependence of sample communities on employment associated with Forest Service programs and the relationship between employment diversity and economic performance. A relatively strong case can be made that counties with high employment diversity are better able to cope with changing economic conditions than less diverse counties over time. Thus the effort to facilitate diversification of dependent communities appears to be an appropriate goal. However, short-term fluctuations that might be expected to change the diversity of an economy did not seem to have an effect. C1 MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & WOOD PROD,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. RP ASHTON, PG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,201 14TH ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 8 IS 3 BP 231 EP 241 DI 10.1080/08941929509380917 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA RF021 UT WOS:A1995RF02100005 ER PT J AU TANAKA, DL AF TANAKA, DL TI SPRING WHEAT-STRAW PRODUCTION AND COMPOSITION AS INFLUENCED BY TOPSOIL REMOVAL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL; MANAGEMENT; EROSION AB Wind and water erosion have resulted in reduced crop productivity and created soil management problems. Management of crop residues can be effective for soil erosion control, but influences of soil erosion on crop residue production is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine total residue production and residue N and P concentration and content for 8 yr as influenced by topsoil removal and additions of N and P fertilizer for a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow system. Total straw production for the first increment of P increased approximate to 14% for 0.00- and 0.06-m soil removal treatments compared with approximate to 33% for 0.12- and 0.18-m soil removal treatments. Total straw production was increased more than total grain production with the addition of N and P fertilizer. Total straw production for 0.12- and 0.18-m soil removal treatments needed at least 20 kg P ha(-1) and 35 kg N ha(-1) to equal or exceed that for 0.00-m soil removal treatment with no fertilizer additions. Total straw N content decreased 33% as soil removal increased from 0.00 to 0.18 m. While total straw P content was considerably less than total straw N content, both decreased about 32% for 0.18 m compared with 0.00-m soil removal treatments. Greater total straw N and P content for the 0.00-m soil removal treatment was due to greater total straw production as well as greater N and P concentrations. Consequently, cycling of N and P may be reduced for eroded soils due to low quantities of residue as well as low N and P concentrations in the residues. RP TANAKA, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 3 BP 649 EP 654 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RA741 UT WOS:A1995RA74100002 ER PT J AU BRUCE, RR LANGDALE, GW WEST, LT MILLER, WP AF BRUCE, RR LANGDALE, GW WEST, LT MILLER, WP TI SURFACE SOIL DEGRADATION AND SOIL PRODUCTIVITY RESTORATION AND MAINTENANCE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GEORGIA PIEDMONT; CROPPING SYSTEM; EROSION AB In the Piedmont of the Southern Appalachian region, soil degradation is most often expressed by crop water deficit that Limits crop yield in the warm season. To evaluate the nature of variability on these cropped lands, soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] yield and associated soil characteristics were measured across the range of surface soil conditions in 40 farm fields. Factor analysis of the data permitted identification of variables responsible for most of the yield variability. Carbon in the surface soil was identified as the manageable soil variable that could significantly influence crop water availability and curtail soil erosion. Subsequently, selected crop cultures that supplied a range in quality and quantity of crop biomass to the soil surface were applied on three soil erosion classes for 5 yr. Large increases in rainfall infiltration and reduced soil erodibility were associated with no-till planting of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] into crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L. 'Tibbee') in comparison to conventional tillage of grain sorghum and soybean. The maintenance of a decomposing mulch by crop residue additions of about 12 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) generated high soil C levels in the 0- to 15-mm depth and a high water stability of aggregates in the 0- to 80-mm depth in comparison to incorporated crop residues. In the 6th yr, grain yield of conventionally tilled soybean was 30 to 100% greater on the previously no-till crop culture than on the conventionally tilled. The restoration and maintenance of soil productivity commensurate with inherent site resources was associated with maintenance of a decomposing mulch on the soil surface derived from an appropriate quantity and quality of crop residue produced in situ. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP BRUCE, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,POB 555,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677, USA. NR 22 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 3 BP 654 EP 660 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RA741 UT WOS:A1995RA74100003 ER PT J AU FRYREAR, DW AF FRYREAR, DW TI SOIL LOSSES BY WIND EROSION SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION AB Measurements of wind erosion from fields are limited, but with recently developed erosion samplers, it is possible to determine soil losses from natural winds. Erosion of soils by wind was measured in five states. The soil loss was dependent on wind velocity, storm duration, and soil surface characteristics. Average annual rainfall varied from 356 mm at Eads, CO, to 915 mm at Crown Point, IN. Field soil varied from 29% sand at Eads, CO, to 83% sand at Big Spring, TX. Soil losses from individual erosion events in 3.1-ha fields varied from 0.050 kg m(-2) at Big Spring, TX, to 7.007 kg m(-2) at Elkhart, KS. Soil surface roughness, percentage of wind-erodible aggregates on the soil surface, and percentage of the soil surface covered with nonerodible material such as crop residues are extremely important in controlling wind erosion. A ground cover of 4% reduced wind erosion losses 15% compared with bare soil. Ridging a smooth soil with 50- to 70-mm ridges reduced soil erosion 98% on a sandy loam soil. RP FRYREAR, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT SYST RES LAB,POB 909,BIG SPRING,TX, USA. NR 20 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 3 BP 668 EP 672 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RA741 UT WOS:A1995RA74100005 ER PT J AU SHAFFER, MJ SCHUMACHER, TE EGO, CL AF SHAFFER, MJ SCHUMACHER, TE EGO, CL TI SIMULATING THE EFFECTS OF EROSION ON CORN PRODUCTIVITY SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOILS AB Soil erosion effects on corn (Zea mays L.) production are sparsely documented for the Corn Belt. Simulation of these effects would help identify important information gaps for the region and elsewhere and help in the understanding of basic soil-plant processes and interactions that occur. The N Tillage Residue Management model was tested on nine field sites across the north-central USA. The 119 site-years of data simulated 78% (R(2) of 0.78) of observed corn yield variability for a wide range of eroded soils. Slightly better predictions were made (R(2) values of 0.82 and 0.80) for loess-derived soils and soils in the eastern (wetter) study areas, respectively. Till-derived soils and soils in the western (drier) areas had I values of 0.75 and 0.77, respectively. Crop yield predictions were most responsive to sell physical properties. C1 S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. RP SHAFFER, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES UNIT,FED BLDG,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 3 BP 672 EP 676 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RA741 UT WOS:A1995RA74100006 ER PT J AU STARR, JL PARKIN, TB MEISINGER, JJ AF STARR, JL PARKIN, TB MEISINGER, JJ TI INFLUENCE OF SAMPLE-SIZE ON CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL SOIL MEASUREMENTS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; DENITRIFICATION; VARIANCE; NITRATE; PROFILE AB Understanding the distribution of soil properties with respect to sample size is essential for designing efficient soil sampling strategies. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of the size of soil samples on the distribution of estimated soil physical (bulk density and water content), chemical (pH and orthophosphate P), and biological (NO3-N and denitrification rates) properties. The experiment was conducted at Beltsville, MD, on a Beltsville silt loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Fragiudult). Soil samples were collected from the surface layer (0-16 cm) using five different sized soil coring tubes, 1.7 to 5.4 cm in diameter, and one 20 by 30 cm block. Thirty-six samples of each sample size were collected twice before and twice after planting corn (Zea mays L.). Frequency distributions of denitrification rates, NO3-N, and orthophosphate P values were approximately log-normal, while the values for bulk density, water content, and pH were approximately Gaussian. Ah soil parameters except bulk density exhibited spatially dependent results. The effect of sample size varied with the soil property. The most consistent size effect was that smaller diameter samples gave smaller means, greater skewness, and higher variances compared with the large-block sample statistics. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP STARR, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NAT RESOURCES INST,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 3 BP 713 EP 719 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RA741 UT WOS:A1995RA74100012 ER PT J AU SHARMA, PP GUPTA, SC FOSTER, GR AF SHARMA, PP GUPTA, SC FOSTER, GR TI RAINDROP-INDUCED SOIL DETACHMENT AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT FROM INTERRILL AREAS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EROSION PREDICTION TECHNOLOGY; VARYING KINETIC-ENERGY; SPLASH DETACHMENT; SINGLE WATERDROP; CROPLAND SOILS; RAINFALL; ERODIBILITY; FLOW; INTENSITY; IMPACT AB Physically based soil erosion simulation models require input parameters of soil detachment and sediment transport due to the action and interactions of both raindrops and overland flow. In this study, we report on the soil detachability and transportability parameters for raindrop-impact-dominated interrill erosion processes. The detachability parameter is derived by integrating estimated soil detachment due to single raindrop impact over all the raindrops occurring in a storm. Using artificial rainfall characteristics and soil properties as inputs, we simulated raindrop-induced soil detachment rates for 33 cropland soils used in the USDA-ARS Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) experiments in the USA. The magnitude of difference between the predicted detachment rates and the measured interrill sediment delivery rates decreased with clay content. This suggests that in coarse-textured soils, most of the rain-detached sediments are redistributed within the interrill area. Small differences between detachment rates and sediment delivery rates in clayey soils indicate that the interrill erosion is detachment limited. A raindrop-induced interrill transportability parameter is derived by dividing the measured sediment delivery rates with the product of rainfall rate and unit effective kinetic energy. The derived transportability parameter increases linearly with an increase in clay content, thereby suggesting the predominant role of raindrop impact in the sediment delivery process, specifically on up-slope areas with shallow overland flow. The raindrop-induced soil detachment and sediment transport processes can be represented by incorporating intensity and effective kinetic energy of rainfall into the basic interrill erosion model. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. RP SHARMA, PP (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,LAND RECLAMAT RES CTR,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 39 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 3 BP 727 EP 734 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RA741 UT WOS:A1995RA74100014 ER PT J AU MOHANTY, BP KLITTICH, WM HORTON, R VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF MOHANTY, BP KLITTICH, WM HORTON, R VANGENUCHTEN, MT TI SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL-TEMPERATURE WITHIN 3 LAND AREAS EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL SURFACE MULCH; FIELD-SCALE; HEAT-FLUX; RESISTANT; WATER; INFILTRATION AB The rational (lateral) spacing between soil temperature sensors to obtain spatial independence of measurements in the field under various tillage systems is not well studied. In particular, properly positioning sensors in a tillage plot requires knowledge of the spatial dependence of the measurements. This study was conducted to measure the horizontal spatial variability of soil temperature and its diurnal fluctuation in three different tillage systems. Soil temperature was measured with copper-constantan thermocouples at 49 positions in each system at the 1- and 10-cm depths. The thermocouples formed a 7 by 7 grid with a spacing of 3.0 (east-west) by 1.5 m (north-south). The three management systems were fall moldboard plowing followed by spring disking and planter operation (MP), fall chisel plowing followed by spring dishing and planter operation (CP), and ridge tillage slot planting (RN). Each management system had been under continuous field corn (Zea mays L.) for 8 yr. A novel finding of the study is that a hysteresis within the diurnal cycle existed between the mean and the sample variance. This hysteresis was presumably due to differences in soil surface heating and cooling rates during the diurnal cycle. Although no definitive relationships could be determined, semivariograms appeared to show a time dependence and anisotropy during the 24-h observation period. Correlation distances were approximate to 9 m in the E-W direction along crop rows and tillage operations but <1.5 m in the N-S direction across crop rows and tillage operations. These spatial correlation distances Hill be useful in deciding the minimum (lateral) spacing between adjacent soil temperature sensors in the field. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. RP MOHANTY, BP (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,450 BIG SPRINGS RD,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 3 BP 752 EP 759 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RA741 UT WOS:A1995RA74100017 ER PT J AU ELLIS, JR WATSON, DMH VARVEL, GE JAWSON, MD AF ELLIS, JR WATSON, DMH VARVEL, GE JAWSON, MD TI METHYL-BROMIDE SOIL FUMIGATION ALTERS PLANT-ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MYCORRHIZAE; GROWTH; FUNGI AB Soil fumigation is used to eliminate plant pathogens and weeds in commercial practice and to eliminate organisms in controlled experiments, e.g., vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAMF). This study was conducted to study the effect of methyl bromide fumigation on plant accumulation of 14 elements and assess plant colonization by VAMF after fumigation. Field experiments were conducted near Mead, NE, on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll). Corn (Zea mays L.) sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were used in the experiments. Fumigation increased Al, Br, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Si and decreased Cu, K, P, and Zn shoot concentrations in all three plants. Three weeks after germination, shoot Al was sevenfold greater in sorghum and soybean and 16-fold greater in corn from fumigated plots than in shoots from nonfumigated plots. Shoot bromide concentrations from fumigated plots were sixfold greater in sorghum and 17- to 18-fold greater in corn and soybean than shoots from nonfumigated plots. Lower P and Zn shoot concentrations from fumigated plots were attributed to fumigation-induced suppression of VAMF root colonization or an ion balance problem resulting from the enhanced uptake of Al, Br, and other ions after soil fumigation. At harvest, Al was still three- to 10-fold and Br eight- to 20-fold greater in fumigated plot stover compared with nonfumigated plots. This study shows that methyl bromide fumigation alteration of plant uptake of Al, Br, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Si should be considered when interpreting experiments using methyl bromide soil fumigation. C1 CORNELL UNIV,BOYCE THOMPSON INST PLANT RES,ITHACA,NY 14853. US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. RP ELLIS, JR (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,KEIM HALL,E CAMPUS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 3 BP 848 EP 852 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RA741 UT WOS:A1995RA74100031 ER PT J AU GISH, TJ SHIRMOHAMMADI, A VYRAVIPILLAI, R WIENHOLD, BJ AF GISH, TJ SHIRMOHAMMADI, A VYRAVIPILLAI, R WIENHOLD, BJ TI HERBICIDE LEACHING UNDER TILLED AND NO-TILLAGE FIELDS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL PROPERTIES; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; ATRAZINE; TRANSPORT; CYANAZINE; RESIDUES; ALACHLOR; MOVEMENT; QUALITY; WATER AB The effect of no-tillage practices on water quality exiting the root zone of deep, well-drained fields is largely unknown. This project was initiated to determine herbicide leaching characteristics as influenced by tillage practice and herbicide formulation. The research site consisted of four adjacent (0.25-ha) fields, two fields each dedicated to either tilled or no-tillage management. One field in each tillage regime received a controlled-release formulation of atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine and alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N- (methoxymethyl)-acetamide, starch encapsulated], while the others received standard herbicide formulations of atrazine and alachlor. Both herbicide formulations were annually applied at the same rate: 1.7 kg ha(-1) for atrazine and 2.8 kg ha(-1) for alachlor. Atrazine, deethylatrazine [DEAT; 6-chloro-N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3 ,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), alachlor, and Br- concentrations were monitored with 12 suction lysimeters (six each at 1.5 and 1.8-m depths) in each field. Alachlor was detected in <3% of all samples collected, regardless of tillage practice or herbicide formulation, while atrazine was detected in >41% of the samples. Under no-tillage, atrazine was detected in <28% of the samples with <13% exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Health Advisory level of 3 mu g L(-1) atrazine. Under tilled conditions, 53% of the samples contained atrazine, with 35% exceeding 3 mu g L(-1) atrazine. Averaged atrazine metabolite concentration of DEAT under no-tillage was 0.52 mu g L(-1) vs. 0.39 mu g L(-1) for tilled fields. Similar Br- transport between tillage practices and reduced atrazine levels under no-tillage fields suggest that no-tillage management, on deep well-drained soils, can have a positive impact on groundwater quality. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,MANDAN,ND 58554. RP GISH, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 36 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 3 BP 895 EP 901 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RA741 UT WOS:A1995RA74100038 ER PT J AU OWENS, LB EDWARDS, WM SHIPITALO, MJ AF OWENS, LB EDWARDS, WM SHIPITALO, MJ TI NITRATE LEACHING THROUGH LYSIMETERS IN A CORN-SOYBEAN ROTATION SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MONOLITH LYSIMETERS; TILE DRAINAGE; NITROGEN; PERCOLATE; RUNOFF AB Leaching of NO3-N can be excessive under continuous corn (Zea mays L.) production. To reduce NO3-N losses, corn might be rotated with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], which does not require fertilizer N. Six large, undisturbed monolith lysimeters (8.1-m(2) surface area, 2.4 m deep) were used to investigate NO3-N leaching in a 6-yr corn-soybean rotation study in eastern Ohio. Four lysimeters (Y103 A, B, C, and D) contained a moderately well-drained Keene silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Aquic Hapludalf) on a 6% slope, and two lysimeters (Y102 A and C) contained a well-drained Rayne silt loam on a 13% slope (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludult). In the spring of each year, 224 kg Nma as NH4NO3 was surface applied, and a rye (Secale cereale L.) winter cover crop was used following soybean. Nitrate-N levels in lysimeter percolate varied seasonally from 1 to 20 mg/L and on a 2-yr cycle, showing the influence of the crop rotation. The highest NO3-N levels usually occurred during the dormant season following corn. During the 6 yr of the study, the flow-weighted average NO3-N concentration in the percolate was 10.5 and 14.3 mg/L from the Y103 and Y102 lysimeters, respectively. Mean annual NO3-N losses in the percolate were 31.6 and 47.1 kg/ha, respectively. These NO3-N losses are smaller than losses from continuous corn production previously measured with the same lysimeters. Thus, a corn-soybean rotation may be one strategy for reducing NO3-N loading to groundwater. RP OWENS, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS,N APPALACHIAN EXPTL WATERSHED,POB 478,COSHOCTON,OH 43812, USA. OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 21 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 3 BP 902 EP 907 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RA741 UT WOS:A1995RA74100039 ER PT J AU HERRICK, JE LAL, R AF HERRICK, JE LAL, R TI SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTY CHANGES DURING DUNG DECOMPOSITION IN A TROPICAL PASTURE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES; BEETLES; EARTHWORMS AB The contributions of soil macroinvertebrates to the creation and maintenance of soil structure in tropical rangeland ecosystems are poorly understood, in spite of the fact that compaction is frequently cited as a limiting factor in pasture production. Decomposition of cattle dung (fecal material) is associated with high levels of soil macroinvertebrate activity. We hypothesized that bulk density and surface penetrometer resistance would be reduced in soil beneath decomposing cattle dung patches and that soil water infiltration capacity and drainable porosity would be increased. Cattle dung was deposited in patches during the dry and wet seasons of 1991 in a seasonally dry pasture located 5 km north of Canas, Costa Rica, on a Typic Argiustoll. At the end of the wet season, surface 3-cm bulk density was <0.93 Mg m(-3) under dung patches, compared with 1.05 Mg m(-3) in control plots. Drainable porosity, defined as air-filled porosity at 0.006 MPa, increased from 13% in control plots to >21% under dung. Similar, but smaller, differences were recorded at dung patch edges and at a depth of 4 to 7 cm. At the end of the wet season, equilibrium infiltration rates averaged 71 mm h(-1) in the patch plots and 34 mm h(-1) in the controls. Changes in penetrometer resistance were transient and no treatment effects persisted to end of the wet season. The results of this study indicate that processes associated with dung decomposition play a role in reducing surface compaction. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP HERRICK, JE (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPTL RANGE,BOX 30003,DEP 3JER,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 3 BP 908 EP 912 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RA741 UT WOS:A1995RA74100040 ER PT J AU NELSON, LE SHELTON, MG SWITZER, GL AF NELSON, LE SHELTON, MG SWITZER, GL TI ABOVEGROUND NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF FERTILIZED PLANTATION SWEETGUM SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN AB Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) is a commercially desirable species that can be successfully established in plantations, and information is needed concerning its genotypic variation and response to fertilization. This study evaluates various aspects of productivity and nutrition for two half-sib seed sources in a 9-yr-old sweetgum plantation that was refertilized in 1981 with a total of 0, 100, 200, or 400 kg N ha(-1). Foliar and litter samples were collected in the year preceding and for 3 yr following N application, and tree diameter and height were measured annually. Aboveground net primary productivity (AGNPP) of the unfertilized controls averaged 6.7 Mg ha(-1) from 1981 to 1983. By contrast, maximum AGNPP for treatments receiving N were 11, 16, and 16 Mg ha(-1) in 1981, 1982, and 1983, respectively. Fertilization resulted in large increases in foliar biomass and leaf area index (LAT); values were highest in 1982, and then declined in 1983. Most responses peaked at the highest application rate, but differences between 200 and 400 kg N ha(-1) were generally small. Estimated apparent recovery of applied N in aboveground tissues was 75% for the 100 kg N ha(-1) rate in the first and second years; however, in the third year following fertilization only 47% was accounted for. The response of the two half-sib seed sources differed, especially in terms of woody biomass. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,MISSISSIPPI AGR & FORESTRY EXPT STN,DEPT FORESTRY,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,MONTICELLO,AR 71656. RP NELSON, LE (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,MISSISSIPPI AGR & FORESTRY EXPT STN,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 59 IS 3 BP 925 EP 932 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RA741 UT WOS:A1995RA74100043 ER PT J AU REINSCH, TG GROSSMAN, RB AF REINSCH, TG GROSSMAN, RB TI A METHOD TO PREDICT BULK-DENSITY OF TILLED AP HORIZONS SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BULK DENSITY; CAPILLARY WETTING; INUNDATED BULK DENSITY; PROCTOR DENSITY; WATER EROSION PREDICTION PROJECT (WEPP) AB Bulk density of the Ap horizon is dynamic with respect to time and land use and therefore multiple field measurements are necessary to characterize it. Researchers often need a bulk density value to use in models, characterize field conditions, or convert gravimetric to volumetric measurements. A method is described to predict the field bulk density of the Ap horizon by measurement of the bulk density in the laboratory. The bulk density value measured with this method is independent of the use and temporal dynamics of the tillage zone. The method involves four treatments that have application in predicting bulk density values irrespective of the soil condition when sampled were tested. The treatments are: (1) capillary wetting and desorption at 33 kPa suction; (2) capillary wetting, inundation, air drying, rewetting by capillary action, and desorption at 33 kPa suction; (3) Treatment 2 followed by oven drying; (4) standard mechanical compaction at various water contents to obtain the Proctor density. Bulk densities for Treatments 1-3 were similar for soils with coefficient of linear extensibility less than 0.01. Bulk densities for Treatment 3 were similar to interpretive values used by the USDA-SCS and values predicted from Gupta and Larson's (Soil Sci. Sec. Am. J., 43: 758-764, 1979) packing model. Bulk densities for Treatment 2 are similar to field measurements. Comparison of bulk densities for Treatment 2 and field measurements provide an evaluation of soil health. RP REINSCH, TG (reprint author), USDA,SCS,100 CENTENNIAL MALL N,LINCOLN,NE 68508, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 34 IS 2 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(95)00458-5 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RD604 UT WOS:A1995RD60400002 ER PT J AU DONALD, WW AF DONALD, WW TI WHEAT YIELD AND WEED POPULATION AS INFLUENCED BY 3 TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON A CLAY SOIL IN A TEMPERATE CONTINENTAL CLIMATE - COMMENTS SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Letter RP DONALD, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 34 IS 2 BP 141 EP 142 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(95)00460-A PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RD604 UT WOS:A1995RD60400006 ER PT J AU MILLERIHLI, NJ AF MILLERIHLI, NJ TI A SPECTRUM OF NEW PRODUCTS AT PITTCON-95 .1. HUNDREDS OF NEW PRODUCTS, TECHNOLOGIES, AND APPLICATIONS WERE SHOWCASED IN NEW-ORLEANS SO SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,FOOD COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS PI DULUTH PA 131 W FIRST ST, DULUTH, MN 55802 SN 0887-6703 J9 SPECTROSCOPY JI Spectroscopy PD MAY PY 1995 VL 10 IS 4 BP 24 EP & PG 0 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA RF256 UT WOS:A1995RF25600003 ER PT J AU ABUBAKR, SM SCOTT, GM KLUNGNESS, JH AF ABUBAKR, SM SCOTT, GM KLUNGNESS, JH TI FIBER FRACTIONATION AS A METHOD OF IMPROVING HANDSHEET PROPERTIES AFTER REPEATED RECYCLING SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE FIBER CLASSIFICATION; FIBER DIMENSIONS; FIBER FRACTIONS; FIBER LENGTH; HAND SHEETS; LENGTH; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; MIXED WASTE PAPERS; PAPER PROPERTIES; PAPER SHEETS; RECLAIMED FIBERS; RECYCLING; WASTE PAPERS AB The objective of this secondary fiber research was to investigate the use of fiber fractionation to increase the utilization of office recovered paper by upgrading the quality fo the fiber and thus minimizing the negative effects of recycling. Mixed office waste was collected, pulped, and cleaned. Handsheets were formed, repulped, and reformed to obtain pulps representing four recycles. A portion of the pulp from each recycle was fractionated to obtain long and short fiber fractions. Fractionation was succesful in upgrading the long fiber component. Kajaani fiber analysis showed that the long fraction contained a significant portion of higher-grade papermaking fiber. Strength indexes were substantially enhanced by fractionation. RP ABUBAKR, SM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 7 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 78 IS 5 BP 123 EP 126 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA QW860 UT WOS:A1995QW86000015 ER PT J AU MOTT, L SHALER, SM GROOM, LH LIANG, BH AF MOTT, L SHALER, SM GROOM, LH LIANG, BH TI THE TENSILE TESTING OF INDIVIDUAL WOOD FIBERS USING ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY AND VIDEO IMAGE-ANALYSIS SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ECOLOGY; IMAGE ANALYSIS; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; RECLAIMED FIBERS; RECYCLING; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; TELEVISION; TENSILE TESTS; WOOD FIBERS AB Relationships between virgin fiber types, fiber production techniques and mechanical properties are well understood and documented. For recycled fibers, however, these same relationships are confounded by unquantified degrees of further mechanical and chemical damage. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of recycling on secondary fibers, the potentially deleterious effect of recycling upon fiber mechanical properties must be quantified. In this study, individual fibers-both recycled and virgin-were tested in tension with an environmental scanning electron microscope. Failure characteristics of both recycled and virgin fibers are reported. The influence of both natural and processing induced gross defects were seen to be highly influential in controlling mechanical behavior. The importance of defects and the implications for modeling the behavior of fibers is explained. C1 USDA,SO FOREST PROD EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. RP MOTT, L (reprint author), UNIV MAINE,DEPT FOREST MANAGEMENT,ORONO,ME 04469, USA. NR 18 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 78 IS 5 BP 143 EP 148 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA QW860 UT WOS:A1995QW86000019 ER PT J AU MYERS, GC BAGBY, MO AF MYERS, GC BAGBY, MO TI FEASIBILITY OF USING KENAF CHEMITHERMOMECHANICAL PULP IN PRINTING AND WRITING PAPER SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ANNUAL PLANTS; CHEMITHERMOMECHANICAL PULPS; FEASIBILITY; KENAF; MECHANICAL PULPS; PRINTING PAPERS; WRITING PAPERS AB To conserve wood resources, Kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus L.), a nonwood-fiber plant, can be substituted for wood in pulping. The objective was to determine if high-yield kenaf mechanical pulp could be used by itself in printing and writing paper. The chemithermomechanical pulps (CTMP) were prepared by injecting various amounts of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide into the pressurized refiners. Most paper strength properties ranged between those for newsprint and printing and writing papers. Brightness of all but two CTMPs was low. Opacity and scattering coefficient were high for most CTMPs. Two post brightened kenaf thermomechanical pulps were prepared but did not achieve the paper properties of kenaf CTMPs. Paper strength and brightness of CTMPs were generally increased, and the energy required to produce CTMP decreased by increasing the amount of applied sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide. Apparently, Kenaf CTMP as prepared in this study, is marginally acceptable by itself in printing and writing paper. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MIDWEST AREA,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP MYERS, GC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 78 IS 5 BP 156 EP 161 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA QW860 UT WOS:A1995QW86000021 ER PT J AU OLWYLER, M AF OLWYLER, M TI OUR PLANET, OURSELVES SO TECHNOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Letter RP OLWYLER, M (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N FORK,CA 93643, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS INST TECHNOL PI CAMBRIDGE PA CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 SN 0040-1692 J9 TECHNOL REV JI Technol. Rev. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 98 IS 4 BP 79 EP 79 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QV223 UT WOS:A1995QV22300028 ER PT J AU TRASKMORRELL, BJ ANDREWS, BAK PAKARINEN, DR LINTON, S AF TRASKMORRELL, BJ ANDREWS, BAK PAKARINEN, DR LINTON, S TI MEASUREMENT OF FORMALDEHYDE TRANSPORT USING THE DYNAMIC CHAMBER TEST SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES; DMDHEU; DURABLE PRESS; FORMALDEHYDE TRANSPORT ID FABRICS AB The amount of formaldehyde transported from durable press treated cotton printcloth to unfinished cotton was studied using the dynamic chamber test which measures formaldehyde in air. Fabrics finished with two levels of DMDHEU catalyzed with magnesium chloride/citric acid were examined. Transport was under static or dynamic conditions. Formaldehyde measurements from the dynamic chamber test were compared to those obtained from two other formaldehyde tests-the AATCC Sealed Jar test and the steady state test. Results showed that formaldehyde transport had occurred under both static and real-time transport conditions. The chamber test assayed the low amounts of formaldehyde transported to untreated cotton fabric and registered a reduction of formaldehyde emission from the treated fabric specimen. Similar transport differences were measurable in the sealed jar and steady state tests. C1 URSULINE ACAD HIGH SCH,NEW ORLEANS,LA. RP TRASKMORRELL, BJ (reprint author), USDA,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 27 IS 5 BP 25 EP 29 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA QX465 UT WOS:A1995QX46500004 ER PT J AU DIWAN, N MCINTOSH, MS BAUCHAN, GR AF DIWAN, N MCINTOSH, MS BAUCHAN, GR TI DEVELOPING A CORE COLLECTION OF ANNUAL MEDICAGO SPECIES SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE CORE COLLECTION; GERMPLASM COLLECTION; ANNUAL MEDICAGO SPECIES; RELATIVE DIVERSITY METHOD ID GENETIC-RESOURCES AB A core collection is a subset of a large germplasm collection that contains accessions chosen to represent the genetic variability of the germplasm collection. The purpose of the core collection is to improve management and use of a germplasm collection. Core collections are usually assembled by grouping accessions and selecting from within these groups. The objective of this study was to compare 11 methods of assembling a core collection of the U.S. National collection of annual Medicago species. These methods differed in their use of passport and evaluation data as well as their selection strategy. Another objective was to compare core collections with sample sizes of 5%, 10% and 17% of the germplasm collection. Core collections assembled with evaluation data and cluster analysis better represented the germplasm collection than core collections assembled based solely on passport data and random selection of accessions. The Relative Diversity and the logarithm methods generated better core collections than the proportional method. The 5% and 10% sample size core collection were judged insufficient to represent the germplasm collection. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP DIWAN, N (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI McIntosh, Marla/0000-0002-4169-8615 NR 16 TC 54 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 90 IS 6 BP 755 EP 761 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA RB066 UT WOS:A1995RB06600001 PM 24172915 ER PT J AU CUI, YX XU, GW MAGILL, CW SCHERTZ, KF HART, GE AF CUI, YX XU, GW MAGILL, CW SCHERTZ, KF HART, GE TI RFLP-BASED ASSAY OF SORGHUM-BICOLOR (L) MOENCH GENETIC DIVERSITY SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE SORGHUM; RFLP; PHYLOGENY; GENE FLOW ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; ALLOZYME VARIATION; DNA; EVOLUTION; NUCLEAR; BRASSICA; GENOMES; MAIZE AB Sixty-two single-copy sorghum DNA clones were used to compare restriction fragment patterns of 53 sorghum accessions from Africa, Asia and the United States. Included were accessions from five morphological races of the cultivated subspecies bicolor, and four races of the wild subspecies verticilliflorum. From two to twelve alleles were detected with each probe. There was greater nuclear diversity in the wild subspecies (255 alleles in ten accessions) than in the domestic accessions (236 alleles in 37 accessions). Overall, 204 of the 340 alleles (60%) that were detected occurred in both subspecies. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony separated the subspecies into separate clusters, with one group of intermediate accessions. Though exceptions were common, especially for the race bicolor, accessions classified as the same morphological race tended to group together on the basis of RFLP similarities. Selection for traits such as forage quality may have led to accessions genetically more similar to other races being classified as bicolors, which have a loose, small-grained panicle similar to wild races. Population statistics, calculated using four nuclear and four cytoplasmic probes that detect two alleles each, revealed a low but significant amount of heterozygosity, and showed little differentiation in alleles in the wild and cultivated subspecies. Outcrossing with foreign pollen appears to have been more important than migration via seed dispersal as a mechanism for gene Bow between the wild and domestic accessions included in this study. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,USDA ARS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RI Ruezinsky, Diane/E-6208-2011 NR 42 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 90 IS 6 BP 787 EP 796 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA RB066 UT WOS:A1995RB06600006 PM 24172920 ER PT J AU JAUHAR, PP AF JAUHAR, PP TI MEIOSIS AND FERTILITY OF F1 HYBRIDS BETWEEN HEXAPLOID BREAD WHEAT AND DECAPLOID TALL WHEATGRASS (THINOPYRUM-PONTICUM) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE TRITICUM AESTIVUM L; HOMOEOLOGOUS PAIRING; BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS RESISTANCE; INTERGENERIC HYBRIDS; ALIEN GENE TRANSFER ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM AB As the first step in the transfer of barely yellow dwarf virus resistance and salt tolerance from decaploid tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum) into hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), octoploid intergeneric hybrids (2n = 8x = 56) were synthesized by crossing the tall wheatgrass cultivar 'Alkar' with wheat cvs. 'Fukuhokomugi' ('Fuko') and 'Chinese Spring'. ('Fuko' x 'Alkar') F-1 hybrids were studied in detail. The F-1 hybrids were perennial and generally resembled the male wheatgrass parent with regard to morphological features and gliadin profile. Most hybrids were euploid with 56 chromosomes and showed high chromosome pairing. On an average, in 6 hybrids 83.6% of the complement showed chiasmatic association, some between wheat and wheatgrass chromosomes. Such a high homoeologous pairing would be obtained if Ph1, the major homoeologous pairing suppressor in wheat, was somehow inactivated. Some of the 'Fuko' x 'Alkar' hybrids had high pollen fertility (18.5-42.0% with a mean of 31.5%) and high seed fertility (3-29 seeds wtih a mean of 12.3 seeds per spike), offering excellent opportunities for their direct backcrossing onto the wheat parent. RP JAUHAR, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 90 IS 6 BP 865 EP 871 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA RB066 UT WOS:A1995RB06600017 PM 24172931 ER PT J AU JAUHAR, PP AF JAUHAR, PP TI MORPHOLOGICAL AND CYTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME WHEAT X BARLEY HYBRIDS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE BREAD WHEAT; BARLEY; INTERGENERIC HYBRID; HOMOEOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME PAIRING; GENE TRANSFER ID LEAF RUST RESISTANCE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; BREAD WHEAT; HORDEUM-BULBOSUM; CROSSABILITY; CHROMOSOMES; SPELTOIDES AB As initial step in the transfer of dwarf bunt resistance from barley into wheat, the two cereal crops were hybridized. Using the wheat cultivars 'Fukuhokomugi' and 'Chinese Spring' (AABBDD genomes) as female parents and barley cultivar 'Luther' (II genome) as male, we synthesized 9 euploid hybrids (2n = 4x = 28; ABDI genomes). The hybrids were vigorous, but highly sterile. Meiotic analyses of seven hybrids showed considerable variation in chromosome pairing. Of the hybrids involving 'Fukuhokomugi' 3 had high pairing with a mean of 5.08-6.72 chiasmata per cell, while others had 2.16-3.52 chiasmata per cell. As many as 12 bivalents in some pollen mother cells would suggest at least some pairing between wheat and barley chromosomes. This level of homoeologous pairing, coupled with some, albeit low, female fertility of the F-1 hybrids, could offer an opportunity for intergeneric gene transfers from barley into wheat and vice versa. RP JAUHAR, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 90 IS 6 BP 872 EP 877 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA RB066 UT WOS:A1995RB06600018 PM 24172932 ER PT J AU RIEMAN, BE MCINTYRE, JD AF RIEMAN, BE MCINTYRE, JD TI OCCURRENCE OF BULL TROUT IN NATURALLY FRAGMENTED HABITAT PATCHES OF VARIED SIZE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BROOK TROUT; SOUTHERN MARGINS; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; NATIVE RANGE; POPULATION; EXTINCTION; GEOMORPHOLOGY; IMMIGRATION AB Bull trout Salvelinus confluentus and other salmonids in the Pacific Northwest are believed at risk of local and regional extinctions because of ongoing habitat loss and fragmentation. Biologists have focused on defining and protecting critical stream channel characteristics, but there is little information regarding the scale or spatial geometry of habitat that may be necessary for the species' long-term persistence. We investigated the influence of habitat patch size on the occurrence of bull trout by determining the presence or absence of fish in naturally fragmented watersheds of the Boise River basin in Idaho. We defined patches of potential habitat for bull trout as watersheds above 1,600 m elevation, a criterion based on the presumed restriction of local populations by stream temperature. We used logistic regression to investigate the possible influence of patch size as well as stream width and gradient on the occurrence of bull trout at reach, stream, and patch scales of analysis. Bath stream width and patch size were significant in the models, but individual effects could not be clearly resolved because of collinearity. The predicted probability of occurrence based on patch size alone was less than 0.10 for patches smaller than about 1,000 ha and more than 0.50 for patches larger than about 2,500 ha. Our results support the hypothesis that area of available habitat influences the distribution of disjunct populations of bull trout. An area effect is consistent with the predictions of island biogeography and metapopulation theory, and our work suggests that larger-scale spatial processes may be important to the persistence of species like bull trout. RP RIEMAN, BE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,BOISE FOREST SCI LAB,INTERMT RES STN,316 E MYRTLE,BOISE,ID 83702, USA. NR 52 TC 123 Z9 127 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 124 IS 3 BP 285 EP 296 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1995)124<0285:OOBTIN>2.3.CO;2 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA QW869 UT WOS:A1995QW86900001 ER PT J AU WAY, TR BAILEY, AC RAPER, RL BURT, EC AF WAY, TR BAILEY, AC RAPER, RL BURT, EC TI TIRE LUG HEIGHT EFFECT ON SOIL STRESSES AND BULK-DENSITY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SOIL COMPACTION; SOIL DYNAMICS; TIRES; TRACTION; SENSORS ID STATE AB Soil stresses, and increases in soil bulk density were measured beneath the centerline of one new 18.4R38 radial-ply R-l tractor tire and two similar tires with lug heights of 55% and 31% of the new tire lug height. Each tire was operated with an inflation pressure of 110 kPa, a dynamic load of 25.0 kN and 10% slip. Soil stress state transducers (SSTs) measured the stresses at three depths in both a hardpan soil profile and a uniform soil profile, each in a sandy loam and a clay loam soil. The initial depths of the SSTs ranged from 164 to 288 mm. Analysis of the original soil stress data showed that lug height did not significantly affect the peak octahedral normal stress or its corresponding octahedral shear stress. When outliers were removed from the peak stress data, however, lug height significantly affected the octahedral normal stress in the sandy loam soil. In the uniform profile of the sandy loam and in the hardpan profile of the clay loam, the new tire generated the greatest bulk density increase, which was significantly greater than the bulk density increase caused by the 55% tire. In the sandy loam with the hardpan profile, the 55% lug height tire generated a significantly greater bulk density increase than either the new or 31% tire. RP WAY, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL, USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 38 IS 3 BP 669 EP 674 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RE891 UT WOS:A1995RE89100001 ER PT J AU ROS, V SMITH, RJ MARLEY, SJ ERBACH, DC AF ROS, V SMITH, RJ MARLEY, SJ ERBACH, DC TI MATHEMATICAL-MODELING AND COMPUTER-AIDED-DESIGN OF PASSIVE TILLAGE TOOLS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE TILLAGE TOOLS; MATHEMATICAL EQUATION; MACROGEOMETRY; DESIGN; COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN ID MOLDBOARD AB A method of designing tillage tool shapes based on mathematical expressions is needed A mathematical equation for the macroshape of passive tillage tools is developed The equation includes the main geometrical parameters and can be used for designing many different tillage tools. The mathematical description of tool geometry may determine how the design parameters influence the energy requirement and quality of operation. This description has the potential of achieving a quantitative analysis of the tillage process. A computer program has been developed to design and display selected passive fool shapes. The tool surface is represented by a multiplicity of quadrilateral faces limited by user-selected bounding curves. The (x,y,z) face coordinates are generated by a FORTRAN program and read into AutoCAD using an AutoLISP program. The method permits a complete study of the influence of the geometrical parameters upon the final soil condition and energy requirements, thus optimization of the tillage process may be possible. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP ROS, V (reprint author), TECH UNIV CLUJ NAPOCA,CLUJ NAPOCA,ROMANIA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 38 IS 3 BP 675 EP 683 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RE891 UT WOS:A1995RE89100002 ER PT J AU RAPER, RL BAILEY, AC BURT, EC WAY, TR LIBERATI, P AF RAPER, RL BAILEY, AC BURT, EC WAY, TR LIBERATI, P TI INFLATION PRESSURE AND DYNAMIC LOAD EFFECTS ON SOIL DEFORMATION AND SOIL-TIRE INTERFACE STRESSES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE RADIAL TIRES; RUTS; CONTACT LENGTH AB An 18.4 R38 R-1 radial tractor tire at inflation pressures of 41 and 124 kPa and at dynamic loads of 13.1 and 25.3 kN was evaluated to determine the effects of the new load-inflation pressure tables on soil deformation and contact stresses. Measurements of rut width and deformed rut area were conducted with a profile meter. Soil-tire interface stress measurements were also made to determine stresses occurring between the tire and the soil and to determine the tire footprint length. Inflation pressure and dynamic load effects were found on rut width, contact length, and contact area. Dynamic load effects were also found on deformed rut area. Increased levels of soil-tire interface stress was found near the center of the tire when inflation pressure or dynamic load was increased. RP RAPER, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL, USA. NR 19 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 38 IS 3 BP 685 EP 689 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RE891 UT WOS:A1995RE89100003 ER PT J AU FLANAGAN, DC HUANG, C NORTON, LD PARKER, SC AF FLANAGAN, DC HUANG, C NORTON, LD PARKER, SC TI LASER SCANNER FOR EROSION PLOT MEASUREMENTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE NONCONTACT; PROFILE METERS; RILLMETERS; ELECTRONICS ID SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; PROFILE METER; SOIL-EROSION AB Erosion of our lands is a serious problem, which often is difficult to visually defect. Established procedures for measuring soil loss most often involve establishment of a set of erosion plots and then measurement of runoff and sediment from one location, at the end of the plot. With greater emphasis on understanding of the erosion processes at discrete points on the landscape, better research equipment is needed which can precisely measure the amount (both depths and mass) of soil lost or sediment deposited. A large (1 x 3 m) laser scanner was developed at the USDA-Agricultural Research Service, National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory to provide better measurement of detachment and deposition at points along an erosion plot or a laboratory flume. This apparatus has been used in a variety of applications, including field and laboratory measurement of erosion and deposition depths and mass, determination of rill channel geometry, and bulk density measurements. Testing of the system indicates that the elevation readings obtained are very precise, having an average standard deviation of less than 0.30 mm at the optimal scan speed. RP FLANAGAN, DC (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 38 IS 3 BP 703 EP 710 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RE891 UT WOS:A1995RE89100005 ER PT J AU HAGEN, LJ SCHROEDER, B SKIDMORE, EL AF HAGEN, LJ SCHROEDER, B SKIDMORE, EL TI A VERTICAL SOIL CRUSHING-ENERGY METER SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE WIND EROSION; CRUSHING ENERGY; ABRASION; AGGREGATE STABILITY ID WIND EROSION; ABRASION AB An energy-based index of dry soil stability is related closely to abrasion susceptibility of soils during wind erosion, as well as other soil physical processes. Unfortunately, the currently used soil-aggregate crushing-energy meter (SACEM) requires aggregates to have a uniquely defined break force in order to measure dry stability Users have found many conditions of interest where this break force is absent. Thus, the objective of this study was to design a vertical soil crushing-energy meter (VSCEM) that did nor require an initial break force, used commercially available components, and obtained measurements faster than the SACEM. The design objective was met by using two nearly vertical plates pivoted at their base to form a crushing vise. A weigh cell was used to measure crushing force, and a unislide, powered by an electric stepping motor, was used to provide the crushing motion. These components were connected to an 8086-based personal computer through a data acquisition board. A C-language program was written, to control the stepping motor and compute crush energy at each of 600 steps as the place moved through 6 degrees to a vertical position during a crushing cycle. Dry stabilities measured with VSCEM agreed closely to those of the SACEM. Because the VSCEM does not require an initial break force, it can be applied to a wider range of soils and conditions than the SACEM. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP HAGEN, LJ (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,WIND EROS RES UNIT,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 38 IS 3 BP 711 EP 715 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RE891 UT WOS:A1995RE89100006 ER PT J AU HOWELL, TA STEINER, JL SCHNEIDER, AD EVETT, SR AF HOWELL, TA STEINER, JL SCHNEIDER, AD EVETT, SR TI EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OF IRRIGATED WINTER-WHEAT - SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CLIMATE; CROP COEFFICIENT; CROP SIMULATION MODELING; CROP WATER USE; EVAPORATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; IRRIGATION; IRRIGATION SCHEDULING; LYSIMETERS; SOIL WATER; WATER BALANCE; WHEAT; YIELD ID CROP COEFFICIENTS; PLANT CANOPIES; SPARSE CROPS; EVAPORATION; YIELD; TEMPERATURE; DURATION; ALFALFA AB Models of water use for irrigation scheduling and for crop growth simulation require validation of the evapotranspiration (ET) submodel. In this study ET was measured for irrigated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Bushland, Texas, in the semi-arid Southern High Plains for the 1989-1990, 1991-1992, and 1992-1993 winter wheat cropping seasons using weighing lysimeters that contained undisturbed monoliths 3 x 3 x 2.3 m deep of Pullman clay loam soil (Torrertic Paleustolls). Weather data from a nearby station were used to compute daily ET values for a reference alfalfa crop (hypothetical) using the ASCE Manual No. 70 equations based on the Penman-Monteith equation and several other widely used ''potential'' or ''maximum'' ET models. Linear regressions between ET estimated from widely used equations and the reference alfalfa ET equation indicated that direct comparisons with computed ET values could not be reliably predicted with simple ratios. For the computed reference alfalfa Er base, peak basal crop coefficients (K-cb) varied from 0.88 to 1.00 for the three seasons and were lower than those reported from other locations. Peak mean crop coefficients (K-c) varied from 0.83 to 0.94 for the three seasons. Seasonal ET varied from 791 to 957 mm for the three seasons. Evapotranspiration and crop coefficients for winter wheat varied considerably with season. C1 USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. RP HOWELL, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 52 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 38 IS 3 BP 745 EP 759 PG 15 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RE891 UT WOS:A1995RE89100010 ER PT J AU TROUT, TJ SOJKA, RE LENTZ, RD AF TROUT, TJ SOJKA, RE LENTZ, RD TI POLYACRYLAMIDE EFFECT ON FURROW EROSION AND INFILTRATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE POLYACRYLAMIDE; PAM; POLYMER; SURFACE SEAL; IRRIGATION ID SOIL CONDITIONERS; IRRIGATION; WATER; FIELDS; RATES AB Erosion from furrow irrigated land is a serious problem in southern Idaho and elsewhere in the western United Stares. High molecular weight anionic Polyacrylamide (a water soluble polymer), increases soil aggregate stability and flocculates suspended sediments, thereby reducing sediment detachment and transport in irrigation furrows. Application of 0.7 kg/ha/irrigation of polyacrylamide in irrigation water has reduced furrow erosion by 85 to 99%. In the present work, sediment movement and infiltration were measured in a recirculating furrow infiltrometer with two polyacrylamide treatments. Mean erosion reduction was 70%. Polyacrylamide increased mean infiltration by 30%, probably the result of reduced sediment movement and furrow surface seal formation. Infiltration was inversely related to maximum sediment concentration in the flowing water for both heated and untreated furrows. Farmers who use polyacrylamide must adapt their irrigation management to the higher infiltration to maintain desired irrigation efficiencies. RP TROUT, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW IRRIGAT & SOILS RES LAB,KIMBERLY,ID, USA. OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 20 TC 63 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 38 IS 3 BP 761 EP 766 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RE891 UT WOS:A1995RE89100011 ER PT J AU ROSENTHAL, WD SRINIVASAN, R ARNOLD, JG AF ROSENTHAL, WD SRINIVASAN, R ARNOLD, JG TI ALTERNATIVE RIVER MANAGEMENT USING A LINKED GIS-HYDROLOGY MODEL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS); DATABASES; GRAIN SORGHUM; HYDROLOGIC MODEL; STREAM FLOW AB A geographic information system (GIS)-hydrologic model link was used to aid in forming input files for the hydrologic model, SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). The link and SWAT prediction of streamflow volume were then tested for the Lower Colorado River basin of Texas. With no calibration, simulated monthly streamflow volume along the river war underestimated for the extreme events, but the relationship was significant (R(2) = 0.75). Model results also suggest that urbanization further upstream can significantly affect streamflow downstream. The system is general enough to be applicable to other river systems. C1 USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502. RP ROSENTHAL, WD (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,BLACKLAND RES CTR,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 NR 24 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 38 IS 3 BP 783 EP 790 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RE891 UT WOS:A1995RE89100014 ER PT J AU REYES, MR BENGTSON, RL FOUSS, JL CARTER, CE AF REYES, MR BENGTSON, RL FOUSS, JL CARTER, CE TI COMPARISON OF EROSION PREDICTIONS WITH GLEAMS, GLEAMS-WT, AND GLEAMS-SWAT MODELS FOR ALLUVIAL SOILS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE GLEAMS; MODELS; RUNOFF EROSION ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; TRANSPORT AB Simulation performances of GLEAMS, GLEAMS-WT, and GLEAMS-SWAT were evaluated by comparing their soil loss predictions with measured data from two runoff-erosion-drainage experimental plots at Baton Rouge, Louisiana. One of the experimental plots was surface drained only, and the other was both surface and subsurface drained. Although the hydrology components of GLEAMS-WT and GLEAMS-SWAT predicted surface runoff more accurately than the original GLEAMS, all three models seriously underpredicted total soil losses over a seven-year period (1981 to 1987). Transport capacity limited soil loss prediction values in the models. Hence, we recommend that any changes or modifications in the erosion submodel be focused on improving transport capacity simulation; changes in the detachment simulation routine may not be needed. A calibration parameter was added to the erosion subroutine to adjust transport capacity. However, even when the models were calibrated for a specific site, there were still substantial annual and monthly differences between predicted and observed soil losses. C1 UNIV PHILIPPINES,LOS BANOS,PHILIPPINES. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER RES UNIT,BATON ROUGE,LA. RP REYES, MR (reprint author), N CAROLINA AGR & TECH STATE UNIV,DEPT NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM DESIGN,GREENSBORO,NC 27411, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 38 IS 3 BP 791 EP 796 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RE891 UT WOS:A1995RE89100015 ER PT J AU MEYER, LD DABNEY, SM HARMON, WC AF MEYER, LD DABNEY, SM HARMON, WC TI SEDIMENT-TRAPPING EFFECTIVENESS OF STIFF-GRASS HEDGES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SEDIMENT CONTROL; RUNOFF CONTROL; GRASS HEDGES; FLUME EXPERIMENTS; SEDIMENT SIZE ID FILTER STRIPS; SOILS AB Flume studies showed that narrow hedges of tall, stiff grasses across locations of concentrated overland flow have great potential for retarding runoff and reducing sediment losses. Hedges of switchgrass and vetiver caused backwater depths of up to 400 mm and trapped more than 90% of sediment coarser than 125 mu m. Lesser percentages were trapped as sediment size decreased, with only about 20% of the material finer than 32 mu m caught. Sediment trapping resulted mostly from upslope pending by the hedges rather by filtering action, so the physical characteristics of the different grasses were important primarily to the extent that they retarded flow. RP MEYER, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 22 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 38 IS 3 BP 809 EP 815 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RE891 UT WOS:A1995RE89100017 ER PT J AU HJELMFELT, AT BROOKER, DB AF HJELMFELT, AT BROOKER, DB TI NONLINEAR FLOW-THROUGH AN ANISOTROPIC POROUS-MEDIA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE GRAIN DRYING; DARCYS LAW ID AIR-FLOW; RESISTANCE; DIRECTION AB Movement of air through grain for drying is an example of nonlinear flow through an anisotropic porous media. The basic equations for flow of this type are heated in derail. The importance of the principal coordinate directions is emphasized. A proof is given that the streamlines are normal to constant-head for nonlinear flow through an isotropic media. The results are shown to be valid for the particular resistance relationships due to Shedd, to Bunn and Hukill, and to Ergun. The deviation from the normal direction is shown for nonlinear flow through an anisotropic porous media. RP HJELMFELT, AT (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,CROP PROD & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 38 IS 3 BP 863 EP 868 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RE891 UT WOS:A1995RE89100024 ER PT J AU LU, R SIEBENMORGEN, TJ AF LU, R SIEBENMORGEN, TJ TI CORRELATION OF HEAD RICE YIELD TO SELECTED PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF RICE KERNELS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE RICE; MILLING; YIELD ID MOISTURE ADSORPTION; ROUGH RICE; STRENGTH AB Compression and three-point bending tests were conducted to determine the maximum compressive force and bending force to crush rough, brown, and white rice of the long-grain variety 'Lemont'; and the bending force to break rough rice of the long-grain variety 'Tebonnet'. Correlations between head rice yield and the average maximum compressive force to crush/break rough, brown, and white rice of the 'Lemont' variety were either insignificant or of a low order of magnitude. There was a highly significant correlation between head rice yield and the average bending force to break rough rice (r = 0.979 for 'Lemont', and 0.932 for 'Tebonnet'). Although significant, lower correlation coefficients were found for the 'Lemont' brown and white rice (r = 0.920 and 0.787, respectively). The percentage of broken kernels from milling was closely related to the percentage of kernels which did nor sustain approximately 15 N breaking force in bending. Predicted head rice yields from the bending test results compared well with the head rice yields from milling with an overall average prediction error of 2.1 percentage points for 'Lemont' and 3.3 percentage points for 'Tebonnet'. Required breaking force was significantly correlated to kernel thickness for rice harvested at high moisture content, but not for rice harvested at low moisture content. Thinner kernels generally failed at a lower breaking force and were in turn more susceptible to breakage during milling. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT AGR ENGN,FAYETTEVILLE,AR. RP LU, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSTRUMENT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD, USA. NR 20 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 38 IS 3 BP 889 EP 894 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RE891 UT WOS:A1995RE89100027 ER PT J AU KORTHALS, RL EIGENBERG, RA HAHN, GL NIENABER, JA AF KORTHALS, RL EIGENBERG, RA HAHN, GL NIENABER, JA TI MEASUREMENTS AND SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS OF TYMPANIC TEMPERATURE REGULATION IN SWINE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE TYMPANIC TEMPERATURES; SWINE; FOURIER TRANSFORM; SPECTROGRAPH ID RESPONSES AB Thermoregulation in farm animals is directly related to performance, efficiency, health, and well being. Tympanic temperature serves as a measure of thermoregulatory responses to environmental conditions. Tympanic temperature was measured as a basis for characterizing thermoregulatory responses of swine. Fourier spectral analysis and short-time Fourier transforms (STFT) were applied to the tympanic time series record and used to determine sampling rate guidelines and to evaluate thermoregulatory responses of ad-libitum-fed, growing swine subjected to alternating constant temperatures from 21 degrees to 30 degrees C thermal environments. Analysis of data from three swine suggests sampling rates of 1 sample every 8 to IO min, although a faster rate of one sample every 2 to 3 min was recommended to allow for digital filtering. STFT analysis indicated that even in constant environmental temperatures, the amplitude of the diurnal tympanic temperature cycle increased under elevated ambient temperature. The amplitude of all tympanic temperature cycles also increased following transitions between different ambient temperature conditions. RP KORTHALS, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 38 IS 3 BP 905 EP 909 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA RE891 UT WOS:A1995RE89100030 ER PT J AU SCHABERG, PG WILKINSON, RC SHANE, JB DONNELLY, JR CALI, PF AF SCHABERG, PG WILKINSON, RC SHANE, JB DONNELLY, JR CALI, PF TI WINTER PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF RED SPRUCE FROM 3 VERMONT SEED SOURCES SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARBON ASSIMILATION; CARBON EXCHANGE; GENETIC VARIATION; LEAF CONDUCTANCE; PICEA RUBENS; STOMATAL APERTURE; TEMPERATURE ID SITCHENSIS BONG CARR; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; PINUS-SILVESTRIS; PICEA-SITCHENSIS; FLUORESCENCE PROPERTIES; ISOLATED-CHLOROPLASTS; INJURY; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; MECHANISMS AB We evaluated winter (January through March) carbon assimilation of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) from three Vermont seed sources grown in a common garden in northwestern Vermont. Although CO2 exchange rates were generally low, net photosynthetic rates increased during two prolonged thaws. Significant correlations between CO2 exchange rates and multiday air temperature means supported our observations of enhanced gas exchange during extended periods of elevated temperature. Increases in photosynthesis during thaws occurred before observed increases in leaf conductance, indicating that initial changes in photosynthesis were probably not associated with changes in stomatal aperture. Results of correlations between photosynthetic rates and PAR suggested that solar irradiance did not have a strong effect on winter carbon capture. Rates of net photosynthesis differed among seed sources. Trees from the Mt. Mansfield source had the highest average rates of photosynthesis and, at times, rates for individual trees from this source approximated those occurring during the growing season. Because seed sources differed in photosynthetic rates but not in leaf conductance, we conclude that differences in winter photosynthesis among seed sources were primarily attributable to factors other than changes in stomatal aperture. C1 UNIV VERMONT,SCH NAT RESOURCES,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. RP SCHABERG, PG (reprint author), NE FOREST EXPT STN,BURLINGTON,VT 05402, USA. NR 42 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 15 IS 5 BP 345 EP 350 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QX531 UT WOS:A1995QX53100008 ER PT J AU ROTH, GS JOSEPH, JA MASON, RP AF ROTH, GS JOSEPH, JA MASON, RP TI MEMBRANE-ALTERATIONS AS CAUSES OF IMPAIRED SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION IN ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE AND AGING SO TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; AFFINITY AGONIST BINDING; CULTURED SKIN FIBROBLASTS; POSTMORTEM HUMAN-BRAIN; ADENYLATE-CYCLASE; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; TRANSGENIC MICE; CORTICAL MEMBRANES; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; SENESCENT RATS AB Changes in cell-membrane composition in normal aging and in Alzheimer's and other age-related diseases appear to result in impaired neurotransmitter-triggered signal transduction. The impaired signal transduction seems to be related to dysfunctions in the coupling of G proteins to their receptors and effecters. Direct demonstration of altered physiochemical properties of brain tissue of patients with Alzheimer's disease has been achieved by small-angle X-ray diffraction. In this disease, thinner membranes correlate with a 30% decrease in moles of cholesterol: phospholipid. Such changes can affect directly the coupling and uncoupling properties of G proteins, and can account for signal transduction deficits. These findings offer a complementary alternative to the beta-amyloid hypothesis, and an opportunity to consider new types of therapeutic interventions. C1 TUFTS UNIV, USDA ARS, CTR HUMAN NUTR, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. ALLEGHENY SINGER RES INST, NEUROSCI RES CTR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15212 USA. RP NIA, JOHNS HOPKINS BAYVIEW MED CTR, GERONTOL RES CTR, MOLEC PHYSIOL & GENET SECT, BALTIMORE, MD 21224 USA. NR 57 TC 145 Z9 146 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0166-2236 J9 TRENDS NEUROSCI JI Trends Neurosci. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 18 IS 5 BP 203 EP 206 DI 10.1016/0166-2236(95)93902-A PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA QV657 UT WOS:A1995QV65700001 PM 7610488 ER PT J AU DALE, ME SMITH, HC PEARCY, JN AF DALE, ME SMITH, HC PEARCY, JN TI SIZE OF CLEAR-CUT OPENING AFFECTS SPECIES COMPOSITION, GROWTH-RATE, AND STAND CHARACTERISTICS SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE CENTRAL HARDWOODS; OPENING SIZE; SPECIES COMPOSITION; STAND PRODUCTIVITY AB In the late 1950's and early 1960's, a series of studies was installed in the central hardwood forest to determine if size of clearcut opening affects the growth rate and species composition of new stands. In 1991, about 30 years after cutting, stand data were collected in 89 openings ranging in size from 0.04 to 1.61 acres. Species composition varied from locations in West Virginia to those in Illinois and from Ohio to Kentucky. For example, there were more maple and birch in West Illinois, regardless of opening size. Some of the difference in species composition and growth rate is related to site quality but there also are differences due to size of opening. Most of the oak and hickory were on the poorer sites while yellow-poplar was more abundant on the better sites. The number of stems per acre increased with opening size; however, the number of stems of shade-tolerant species constituted a greater proportion of the stand in small openings (< 0.5 acre), while the proportion of intolerant species increased in larger openings. Basal area and volume of the current stands seem to increase markedly with opening size for openings up to at least an acre. The greatest reduction in growth is nearest the border of the opening, though some effect on growth extends at least 100 feet into the opening. There also is a strong interaction between border effect and opening size. Productivity is greater at a given distance from the border for larger openings. Opening size has a major influence on stand characteristics after about 30 years. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DELAWARE,OH 43015. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,TIMBER & WATERSHED LAB,PARSONS,WV. RP DALE, ME (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,SCH NAT RESOURCES,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH EASTERN FOREST EXP STATION PI DELAWARE PA 359 MAIN RD, DELAWARE, OH 43015 J9 USDA FOR SERV NE RES JI USDA For. Serv. Northeast. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PD MAY PY 1995 IS 698 BP U1 EP 21 PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RA884 UT WOS:A1995RA88400001 ER PT J AU McDonald, PM Fiddler, GO AF McDonald, PM Fiddler, GO TI Development of a mixed shrub ponderosa pine community in a natural and treated condition - Introduction SO USDA FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE cost; greenleaf manzanita; manual and chemical release; northern California; ponderosa pine seedlings; shrub community AB On a medium site in northern California, a mostly shrub community was treated by two manual release techniques and by two herbicides, to study its development in both a natural (control) and treated condition. Survival and growth of planted ponderosa pine seedlings were quantified for 8 to 11 years after initial treatment applications. Treatments included manual release in a 4-foot radius around pine seedlings one, two, and three times; grubbing the entire one-seventh acre plot two times; applying 2,4-D and Velpar herbicides to the entire plot one time; and a control. Data are presented for the most abundant species (greenleaf manzanita), second most abundant species (snowbrush), by the two species combined, and by all 10 shrub species combined. At the end of the study in 1990, manzanita was the most abundant species with 15,267 plants per acre, cover of 24,800 ft(2), and height of 5.4 feet. Ponderosa pine developed best in plots where the entire area was grubbed twice (mean diameter at 12 inches above ground of 6.3 inches) and in the Velpar-treated plots (mean height of 14.2 feet). The cost of grubbing the entire area twice was almost $1,700 per acre. Applying Velpar, including cost of the the chemical, was about $100 per acre. Site preparation without subsequent release led to a brushfield similar to that present before the study began. RP McDonald, PM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, USDA, PACIFIC SW RES STN, VEGETAT MANAGEMENT RES UNIT, 2400 WASHINGTON AVE, REDDING, CA 96001 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU USDA FOREST SERVICE PI BERKELEY PA PACIFIC SOUTHWEST RESEARCH STN PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701-0245 USA SN 0363-5988 J9 USDA FOR SERV PSW R JI USDA For. Serv. Pac. Southwest Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD MAY PY 1995 IS 224 BP 1 EP + PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA UK626 UT WOS:A1995UK62600001 ER PT J AU BARNETT, JP HAUGEN, RO AF BARNETT, JP HAUGEN, RO TI PRODUCING SEED CROPS TO NATURALLY REGENERATE SOUTHERN PINES SO USDA FOREST SERVICE SOUTHERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article AB Natural regeneration is a practical and inexpensive option for many existing southern pine forests, provided there is an adequate seed source and other stand conditions are controlled. However, seed production in natural stands of southern pines varies due to a wide range of environmental and biotic influences. It is important, then, to understand the biological processes that affect seed production in natural stands, The physiology of cone and seed production is reviewed here, and this information is applied to natural stand situations. With this knowledge, foresters will be better able to manipulate stands to improve and predict seed production and, therefore, make natural regeneration more reliable. RP BARNETT, JP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ALEXANDRIA FORESTRY CTR,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA FOR SERV SO FOR EXP STA PI NEW ORLEANS PA 701 LOYOLA AVE ROOM T-10210, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70113 J9 USDA FOR SERV SO RES JI USDA For. Serv. South. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PD MAY PY 1995 IS 286 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RV049 UT WOS:A1995RV04900001 ER PT J AU PRUETT, JH STROMBERG, P AF PRUETT, JH STROMBERG, P TI EFFECTS OF ADJUVANTS ON BOVINE HUMORAL AND CELLULAR-RESPONSES TO HYPODERMIN-A SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HYPODERMIN A; HYPODERMA LINEATUM; IMMUNE RESPONSE ARTHROPODA ID KINETIC DEVELOPMENT; LINEATUM DIPTERA; CATTLE; OESTRIDAE; PROTEINS; IMMUNIZATION; INFESTATION; RESISTANCE; ANTIBODY; ANTIGEN AB Hypodermin A, a serine protease of the first-instar larva of the common cattle grub, Hypoderma lineatum (Villers), when formulated with complete Freund's adjuvant and administered to naive calves, will elicit protective immunity defined by an increase in in vivo larval mortality. This study evaluated two veterinary acceptable adjuvants, alhydrogel and amphigen (alone and in combination), for suitability as an adjuvant for hypodermin A. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) is not an acceptable adjuvant for use because of adverse reactions at the injection site. The veterinary acceptable adjuvants were not as effective as CFA in inducing an antibody response as detected in the peripheral circulation. Of the adjuvants evaluated, the mixture of alhydrogel and amphigen induced the highest serum antibody response to hypodermin A. All adjuvants evaluated induced comparable immediate-type skin test responses, and the mixture of alhydrogel and amphigen was most comparable with CFA in terms of delayed-type skin reaction and resultant cellular infiltration at the reaction site. Although the mixture of alhydrogel and amphigen, when compared with CFA, did not elicit comparable levels of responsiveness in all parameters tested, the overall performance of the mixture suggests it to be worthy of further efficacy investigation in a vaccine formulation with hypodermin A. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP PRUETT, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,2700 FREDERICKSBURG RD,KERRVILLE,TX 78028, USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 58 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 153 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(94)00699-D PG 11 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA RC078 UT WOS:A1995RC07800015 PM 7676594 ER PT J AU STEGELMEIER, BL MOLYNEUX, RJ ELBEIN, AD JAMES, LF AF STEGELMEIER, BL MOLYNEUX, RJ ELBEIN, AD JAMES, LF TI THE LESIONS OF LOCOWEED (ASTRAGALUS-MOLLISSIMUS), SWAINSONINE, AND CASTANOSPERMINE IN RATS SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALPHA-MANNOSIDASE; ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE; ASTRAGALUS; BETA-GLUCOSIDASE; CASTANOSPERMINE; GLYCOGENOSIS; LOCOWEED; MANNOSIDOSIS; RATS; SWAINSONINE ID ALPHA-MANNOSIDOSIS; LECTIN HISTOCHEMISTRY; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; POMPES DISEASE; CATTLE; GLUCOSIDASE; INHIBITION; AUSTRALE; BOVINE; SHEEP AB To better characterize and compare the toxicity of and lesions produced by locoweed (Astragalus mollissimus) with those of swainsonine and a related glycoside inhibitor, castanospermine, 55 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 11 groups of live animals each. The first eight groups were dosed via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps with swainsonine at 0, 0.1, 0.7, 3.0, 7.4, or 14.9 mg/kg/day or with castanospermine at 12.4 or 143.6 mg/kg/day for 28 days. The last three groups were fed alfalfa or locoweed pellets with swainsonine doses of 0, 0.9, or 7.2 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Swainsonine- and locoweed-treated rats gained less weight, ate less, and showed more signs of nervousness than did controls. Histologically, these animals developed vacuolar degeneration of the renal tubular epithelium, the thyroid follicular cells, and the macrophage-phagocytic cells of the lymph nodes, spleen,lung, liver, and thymus. Some rats also developed vacuolation of neurons, ependyma, adrenal cortex, exocrine pancreas, myocardial epicytes, interstitial cells, and gastric parietal cells. No differences in lesion severity or distribution were detected between animals dosed with swainsonine and those dosed with locoweed. Rats dosed with castanospermine were clinically normal; however, they developed mild vacuolation of the renal tubular epithelium, the thyroid follicular epithelium, hepatocytes, and skeletal myocytes. Special stains and lectin histochemical evaluation showed that swainsonine- and castanospermine-induced vacuoles contained mannose-rich oligosaccharides. Castanospermine-induced vacuoles also contained glycogen. These results suggest that 1) swainsonine causes lesions similar to those caused by locoweed and is probably the primary locoweed toxin; 2) castanospermine at high doses causes vacuolar changes in the kidney and thyroid gland; and 3) castanospermine intoxication results in degenerative vacuolation of hepatocytes and skeletal myocytes, similar to genetic glycogenosis. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT BIOCHEM,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72204. RP STEGELMEIER, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,1150 EAST 1400 NORTH,LOGAN,UT 84341, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 17783] NR 51 TC 79 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 32 IS 3 BP 289 EP 298 PG 10 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA QX461 UT WOS:A1995QX46100011 PM 7604496 ER PT J AU KLEIBOEKER, SB AF KLEIBOEKER, SB TI IDENTIFICATION AND SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS OF THE E1 GENOMIC REGION OF A PORCINE ADENOVIRUS SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PORCINE ADENOVIRUS; E1 REGION; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS ID TRANSFORMING REGION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENE ORGANIZATION; DNA; REPLICATION; CLONING; TYPE-5 AB The complete nucleotide sequence of the putative early transcriptional region 1 (E1) of the genome of NADC-1, a porcine adenovirus, was determined. The E1 region of NADC-1 was found to be 3658 bp and located between 0 and 11.2 map units. Twelve potential open reading frames (ORFs) and five polyadenylation signals were identified in the r strand. The nucleotide sequence and each predicted amino acid sequence were compared to sequences available on a number of databases by a BLAST search and comparison. A single region of nucleotide sequence similarity was identified with the sequence of human adenovirus 5. Only 2 of the 12 potential ORFs encode polypeptides that have homology to known adenovirus polypeptides. For these predicted proteins, similarities were found with a number of adenovirus proteins. The strongest homology was found to potential E1 products of bovine adenovirus 3. RP USDA ARS, NATL ANIM DIS CTR, VIROL SWINE RES UNIT, POB 70, 2300 DAYTON AVE, AMES, IA 50010 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 EI 1872-7492 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 36 IS 2-3 BP 259 EP 268 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(94)00106-M PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA QW562 UT WOS:A1995QW56200011 PM 7653103 ER PT J AU SUI, DX WU, P KUNG, HJ LEE, LF AF SUI, DX WU, P KUNG, HJ LEE, LF TI IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS GENE ENCODING DNA-POLYMERASE SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; DNA POLYMERASE; MAREKS DISEASE VIRUS ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GLYCOPROTEIN-B; EXONUCLEASE; EXPRESSION; ORGANIZATION; PROTEINS; TURKEYS; SITES AB DNA sequence analysis revealed a gene encoding the Marek's disease virus (MDV) DNA polymerase (pol) within the BamHI-E fragment of the long unique region of the virus genome. Identification is based on an extensive amino acid homology between the MDV open reading frame and the DNA pol (UL30) of the herpes simplex virus. We describe here a 3540-base-pair fragment of the MDV DNA encoding 1180 amino acids with a Mr of 133,920 daltons as the viral DNA pol gene, with the analysis of transcription and translation. In Northern blot hybridization, a transcript of 4.0 kb was detected in GA-MDV-infected duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cells. An antiserum was generated in rabbit using TryE-pol fusion protein expressed in E. coli. This antiserum specifically immunoprecipitated a protein of 135 kD from lysates of MDV-GA-infected DEF cells. MDV DNA pol showed extensive homology to five distantly related herpesviruses: equine herpesvirus (EHV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Comparison of amino acid sequences among the herpesviruses highlights nine highly conserved regions. Three of the conserved regions are in the N-terminus in the 3'-5' exonuclease domains and the remaining six are in the C-terminus in the catalytic domains. The predicted structural characters are in good agreement with the published data on a number of human herpesvirus DNA pol. The identification of MDV DNA pol gene may lead to a better understanding of MDV replication. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT MOLEC BIOL & MICROBIOL, CLEVELAND, OH 44106 USA. RP USDA ARS, AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB, 3606 E MT HOPE RD, E LANSING, MI 48823 USA. RI Kung, Hsing-Jien/C-7651-2013 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 EI 1872-7492 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 36 IS 2-3 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(94)00114-R PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA QW562 UT WOS:A1995QW56200012 PM 7653104 ER PT J AU CHENEY, IW LARSON, MD MECHAM, JO WILSON, WC AF CHENEY, IW LARSON, MD MECHAM, JO WILSON, WC TI GEOGRAPHICAL GENETIC-VARIATION IN THE GENE ENCODING VP3 FROM THE ALBERTA ISOLATE OF EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE VIRUS SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE VIRUS; CORE PROTEIN VP3 SEQUENCE; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; VIRUS EVOLUTION ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; GENOME SEGMENTS; BLOT HYBRIDIZATION; INTRA-SEROGROUP; ORBIVIRUSES; PROTEIN; RELATEDNESS; SEROTYPE-1; ASSIGNMENT AB The complete nucleic acid and deduced amino acid sequences of gene segment 3 and the encoded VP3 from the North American, Alberta isolate of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 2 (EHDV-2) are reported. Complementary DNA corresponding to segment 3 was 2768 nucleotides in length with an open reading frame of 2697 base pairs which encoded a VP3 polypeptide of 899 amino acid residues. Sequence comparison with genome segment 3 and VP3 from the Australian strain of EHDV-2 indicated genotypic and phenotypic homologies of 79% and 94%, respectively. Two North American field isolates of EHDV-2, as well as EHDV-1 (New Jersey isolate), had virtually identical homology to the Alberta isolate. Sequence analysis delineated North American EHDV strains as members of a genetically homologous and geographically distinct group of orbiviruses (topotype). The data support the hypothesis that geographic isolation between North American and Australian orbiviruses has permitted the viral topotypes to maintain their genetic distinctness. C1 USDA,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,LARAMIE,WY 82071. UNIV WYOMING,DEPT MOLEC BIOL,LARAMIE,WY 82071. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 36 IS 2-3 BP 279 EP 286 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(94)00115-S PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA QW562 UT WOS:A1995QW56200013 PM 7653105 ER PT J AU STOTTLEMYER, R TRAVIS, B TOCZYDLOWSKI, D AF STOTTLEMYER, R TRAVIS, B TOCZYDLOWSKI, D TI NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN BOREAL FOREST STANDS OF ISLE-ROYALE, NORTHERN MICHIGAN SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Boreal-Forest-Research-Association Conference on Boreal Forests and Global Change CY SEP 25-30, 1994 CL SASKATOON, CANADA SP Int Boreal Forest Res Assoc DE NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; BOREAL FOREST; NORTHERN MICHIGAN; NITROGEN CYCLE; CLIMATE CHANGE ID NATIONAL-PARK; CONIFEROUS FOREST; ECOSYSTEMS; SOILS; NITRIFICATION; AVAILABILITY; TEMPERATURE; DEPOSITION; LANDSCAPE; WISCONSIN AB The correlation of soil temperature and moisture with inorganic N concentrations and net mineralization beneath major species types in mature boreal and northern hardwood forests was examined over a two year period. Soils beneath species types where the canopy was dominated by Betula papyrifera, Picea glauca, Alnus rugosa or, in northern hardwoods, Acer saccharum were studied. Net NO3- mineralization varied by species type and net total inorganic nitrogen (N) mineralization varied by month and the interaction of species type with month. Soil NO3- concentration and NO3- mineralization were correlated for spruce, and inversely correlated for alder and maple. Soil NH4+ concentration and NH4+ mineralization were inversely correlated for alder and maple. In laboratory temperature and moisture treatments of birch, spruce and maple soils, NH4+ and total inorganic N-mineralization increased with temperature. The response to moisture was most evident for NO3- mineralization in maple soils. C1 MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. US FOREST SERV,NATL BIOL SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 82 IS 1-2 BP 191 EP 202 DI 10.1007/BF01182833 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA RV439 UT WOS:A1995RV43900024 ER PT J AU ALEXEYEV, V BIRDSEY, R STAKANOV, V KOROTKOV, I AF ALEXEYEV, V BIRDSEY, R STAKANOV, V KOROTKOV, I TI CARBON IN VEGETATION OF RUSSIAN FORESTS - METHODS TO ESTIMATE STORAGE AND GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Boreal-Forest-Research-Association Conference on Boreal Forests and Global Change CY SEP 25-30, 1994 CL SASKATOON, CANADA SP Int Boreal Forest Res Assoc DE RUSSIAN FORESTS; CARBON STORAGE; METHODOLOGY; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; FOREST INVENTORY; BOREAL FORESTS; RUSSIA ID FORMER SOVIET-UNION; BIOMES AB Estimates of carbon (C) storage for the forest vegetation of Russia vary to a considerable extent. In this paper we describe methods of estimating C storage of forest ecosystems and present estimates of C storage in the forest vegetation of administrative territories and ecoregions of Russia. Estimates of C storage are based on National Forest Inventory data, estimates of the phytomass of trees and other vegetation of different forest ecosystems in various ecoregions of Russia, and mapped data for natural ecoregions. The forest ecosystems of Russia (771.1 Mha) have 118.8 Pg of C with 23.6% of the total in forest vegetation, 14.1% in the mortmass, and 62.3% in the soils. The estimates from this study are comparable to the estimates from other countries with temperate and boreal forest ecosystems. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP ALEXEYEV, V (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,VN SUKACHEV INST FORESTS RES,NOVOSIBIRSK,RUSSIA. NR 31 TC 53 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 82 IS 1-2 BP 271 EP 282 DI 10.1007/BF01182840 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA RV439 UT WOS:A1995RV43900031 ER PT J AU SLAUGHTER, CW GLOTOV, VYE VIERECK, LA MIKHAILOV, VM AF SLAUGHTER, CW GLOTOV, VYE VIERECK, LA MIKHAILOV, VM TI BOREAL FOREST CATCHMENTS - RESEARCH SITES FOR GLOBAL CHANGE AT HIGH-LATITUDES SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Boreal-Forest-Research-Association Conference on Boreal Forests and Global Change CY SEP 25-30, 1994 CL SASKATOON, CANADA SP Int Boreal Forest Res Assoc DE HYDROLOGY; CATCHMENT; WATERSHED; PERMAFROST; GLOBAL CHANGE; BOREAL FOREST ID CLIMATE CHANGE; CARBON-CYCLE AB Circumpolar subarctic boreal forest ecosystems are subject to change from a variety of agents and processes. Climate warming predicted by many GCMs indicates that regions north of 60 degrees N may be subjected to major warming in coming decades, producing increased permafrost thaw, altered vegetation distribution and biological productivity, and perhaps release of large quantities of stored organic carbon into the global carbon cycle. Research into change in ecosystems can entail use of ecosystem ''samples,'' i.e., sectors of landscape such as catchments (watersheds) which are representative of the larger ecoregion and available for repeated, long-term measurement and analysis. Boreal forest research and monitoring programs have been established in hydrologically-defined catchments in discontinuous-permafrost regions at 65 degrees N, 148 degrees W in the Yukon-Tanana Uplands of central Alaska, and at 62 degrees N, 158 degrees W in the Kolyma River headwaters of Magadan Oblast, northeastern Russia. These sites are available far sustained research into global change. C1 RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,NE INTERDISCIPLINARY RES INST,FAR E BRANCH,MAGADAN 685000,RUSSIA. US FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. PERMAFROST INST,NE DEPT,GEN PERMAFROSTOL LAB,MAGADAN 685000,RUSSIA. RP SLAUGHTER, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES LAB,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 82 IS 1-2 BP 351 EP 361 DI 10.1007/BF01182846 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA RV439 UT WOS:A1995RV43900037 ER PT J AU SMITH, DJ GIDDINGS, JM FEIL, VJ PAULSON, GD AF SMITH, DJ GIDDINGS, JM FEIL, VJ PAULSON, GD TI IDENTIFICATION OF RACTOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE METABOLITES EXCRETED IN RAT BILE SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article AB 1. Rats dosed orally with 2.85+/-0.30mg [C-14]ractopamine HC1 [(1R*,3R*), (1R*,3S*)-4-hydroxy-alpha-[[[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpropyl]-amino]-methyl]([U-C-14]benzenemethanol)hydrochloride] containing 1.44+/-0.15 mu Ci radioactivity excreted 58+/-7% of the administered radioactivity in the bile within 24h. Absorption and excretion of radioactivity was rapid as 55% of the administered radiocarbon was excreted into the bile during the first 8-h collection period. 2. Radioactivity excreted in rat bile was partitioned by XAD-2 column chromatography and reverse-phase hplc into at least seven different crude metabolite fractions; metabolites representing approximately 76% of the biliary radioactivity were isolated and identified from four of the crude metabolite fractions. 3. Approximately 46% of the biliary radioactivity was identified as a sulphate-ester, glucuronic acid diconjugate of ractopamine. Identification was based on H-1-nmr and negative-ion FAB-ms spectroscopy. Enzymatic and chemical hydrolysis of the sulphateester followed by co-chromatography of the hydrolysis products with synthetic ractopamine mono-glucuronides, established the site of sulphation at the C-10' phenol (phenol attached to carbinol) and glucuronidation at the C-10 phenol (phenol attached to methylpropyl amine) of ractopamine. 4. A metabolite representing approximately 6% of the biliary radioactivity was identified as a ractopamine mono-sulphate conjugate by using mass spectral and H-1-nmr techniques. Sulphate was conjugated at the C-10' phenol of ractopamine and was not stereospecific. 5. Approximately 25% of the biliary radioactivity was identified as ractopamine mono-glucuronides. The major site of glucuronidation was at the C-10 phenol, but ractopamine glucuronidated at the C-10' phenol was also present. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD MAY PY 1995 VL 25 IS 5 BP 511 EP 520 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA RD249 UT WOS:A1995RD24900008 PM 7571724 ER PT J AU SCHAFER, SE STEVENS, ES DOWD, MK AF SCHAFER, SE STEVENS, ES DOWD, MK TI CRYSTAL-SOLUTION STRUCTURAL EQUIVALENCE OF METHYL 3,6-ANHYDROPYRANOSIDES SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Note DE METHYL 3,6-ANHYDROPYRANOSIDES; ANHYDRO SUGARS C1 SUNY BINGHAMTON, DEPT CHEM, BINGHAMTON, NY 13902 USA. USDA, SO REG RES CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD APR 30 PY 1995 VL 270 IS 2 BP 217 EP 220 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(94)00013-6 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RE581 UT WOS:A1995RE58100010 ER PT J AU RAINA, AK ADAMS, JR AF RAINA, AK ADAMS, JR TI GONAD-SPECIFIC VIRUS OF CORN-EARWORM SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP RAINA, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BARC-E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 2 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 27 PY 1995 VL 374 IS 6525 BP 770 EP 770 DI 10.1038/374770a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QV315 UT WOS:A1995QV31500033 ER PT J AU ZARLENGA, DS CANALS, A ASCHENBRENNER, RA GASBARRE, LC AF ZARLENGA, DS CANALS, A ASCHENBRENNER, RA GASBARRE, LC TI ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION AND MOLECULAR-CLONING OF CDNA-ENCODING THE SMALL AND LARGE SUBUNITS OF BOVINE INTERLEUKIN-12 SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE LA English DT Note DE CYTOKINE; CLONING; INTERLEUKIN; IL-12; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PROTEIN SEQUENCE ID T RESPONSES INVITRO; RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN-2 AB cDNA generated from stimulated abomasal lymph node cells was used to amplify and clone the 35 kDa and 40 kDa subunits of bovine interleukin 12 (IL-12) using primers derived from semi-conserved regions between human and mouse IL-12 sequences. The deduced amino acid sequence of the 40 kDa subunit demonstrated 84.4% and 67.6% homology with human and mouse sequences, respectively. The deduced sequence of the 35 kDa subunit exhibited comparable similarities to the human 35 kDa subunit (82.2%) but differed significantly (58.6%) from mouse-derived sequences. RP ZARLENGA, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS,PARASITE IMMUNOBIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-4439 J9 BBA-MOL BASIS DIS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Mol. Basis Dis. PD APR 24 PY 1995 VL 1270 IS 2-3 BP 215 EP 217 DI 10.1016/0925-4439(95)00042-3 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA QV368 UT WOS:A1995QV36800014 PM 7727547 ER PT J AU BASSUNER, R BEAMAN, TW NEILSEN, NC AF BASSUNER, R BEAMAN, TW NEILSEN, NC TI ASPARAGINYL ENDOPEPTIDASES INVOLVED IN THE ASSEMBLY OF 11S SEED STORAGE GLOBULINS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 24 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 6 BP A1474 EP A1474 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QV274 UT WOS:A1995QV27401347 ER PT J AU CORNISH, K SILER, DJ AF CORNISH, K SILER, DJ TI 2 DISTINCT BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES, REVEALED THROUGH KINETIC-ANALYSIS, UNDERLIE MEMBRANE-BOUND LONG-CHAIN CIS-1,4-POLYISOPRENE BIOSYNTHESIS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 24 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 6 BP A1338 EP A1338 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QV274 UT WOS:A1995QV27400569 ER PT J AU DEVAULT, JD NARANG, SK HUGHES, KJ LEOPOLD, RA AF DEVAULT, JD NARANG, SK HUGHES, KJ LEOPOLD, RA TI TRANSPOSITION OF THE DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER HOBO ELEMENT IN A LEPIDOPTERAN SPECIES SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 24 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 6 BP A1268 EP A1268 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QV274 UT WOS:A1995QV27400164 ER PT J AU EHRLICH, KC MONTALBANO, BG AF EHRLICH, KC MONTALBANO, BG TI BINDING OF AN AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS REGULATORY PROTEIN TO THE 5'-UPSTREAM PROMOTER REGION SEVERAL AFLATOXIN PATHWAY GENES SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 24 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 6 BP A1418 EP A1418 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QV274 UT WOS:A1995QV27401031 ER PT J AU HUANG, JK BAGBY, MO WEN, L KANESHIRO, T NORTON, RA AF HUANG, JK BAGBY, MO WEN, L KANESHIRO, T NORTON, RA TI ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF OLEATE HYDRATASE ISOZYMES FROM SPHINGOBACTERIUM NRRL B-14797 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WESTERN ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MACOMB,IL 61455. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 24 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 6 BP A1486 EP A1486 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QV274 UT WOS:A1995QV27401417 ER PT J AU HUGHES, KJ NARANG, SK DEVAULT, JD LEOPOLD, RA AF HUGHES, KJ NARANG, SK DEVAULT, JD LEOPOLD, RA TI TRANSFORMATION OF HELICOVERPA-ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) EMBRYOS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 24 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 6 BP A1419 EP A1419 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QV274 UT WOS:A1995QV27401033 ER PT J AU LAI, CC HUANG, WH KLEVAY, LM CHIU, TH AF LAI, CC HUANG, WH KLEVAY, LM CHIU, TH TI INCREASED NUCLEAR IRON CONTENT AND CHANGES IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL RATES FOR CATALASE AND MN SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE (SOD) IN COPPER-DEFICIENT (CU-D) RAT-LIVER SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MED COLL OHIO,DEPT PHARMACOL,TOLEDO,OH 43699. USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 24 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 6 BP A1349 EP A1349 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QV274 UT WOS:A1995QV27400630 ER PT J AU MONTALBANO, BG EHRLICH, KC SCHARFENSTEIN, L KLICH, M AF MONTALBANO, BG EHRLICH, KC SCHARFENSTEIN, L KLICH, M TI EXPRESSION OF AFLATOXIN PATHWAY GENES IN DIFFERENT ASPERGILLUS SPECIES SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 24 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 6 BP A1421 EP A1421 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QV274 UT WOS:A1995QV27401044 ER PT J AU SILER, DJ CORNISH, K GOODRICHTANRIKULU, M STAFFORD, AE MCKEON, TA WINDLE, JJ AF SILER, DJ CORNISH, K GOODRICHTANRIKULU, M STAFFORD, AE MCKEON, TA WINDLE, JJ TI BIOCHEMICAL AND ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE STUDIES OF NATURAL-RUBBER PARTICLES SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 24 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 6 BP A1374 EP A1374 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QV274 UT WOS:A1995QV27400780 ER PT J AU SMITH, MR ZAHNLEY, JC AF SMITH, MR ZAHNLEY, JC TI LEUCONOSTOC-MESENTEROIDES B-1355 MUTANTS PRODUCING ALTERNANSUCRASES WITH ALTERED MOLECULAR-WEIGHTS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,WRRC,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 24 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 6 BP A1474 EP A1474 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QV274 UT WOS:A1995QV27401349 ER PT J AU KURIMA, K PROUDMAN, JA ELHALAWANI, ME WONG, EA AF KURIMA, K PROUDMAN, JA ELHALAWANI, ME WONG, EA TI THE TURKEY PROLACTIN-ENCODING GENE AND ITS REGULATORY REGION SO GENE LA English DT Note DE GENOMIC LIBRARY; ESTROGEN RESPONSE ELEMENT; PIT-1/GHF-1-BINDING SITES ID DOMESTIC TURKEY; GROWTH-HORMONE; EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION; CLONING AB Overlapping prolactin (Prl) lambda clones were isolated from a turkey genomic library, The 6.7-kb turkey Prl gene consists of five exons, Major transcription start points were located by primer extension 51-53 nucleotides upstream from the Met start codon, No estrogen response element (ERE) was found, but two regions similar to mammalian Pit-1/GHF-1-binding sites were identified by computer analysis, This suggests that transcription of the turkey Prl gene may be regulated by Pit-1/GHF-1, and not by the estrogen receptor. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & POULTRY SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ANIM SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 8 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD APR 24 PY 1995 VL 156 IS 2 BP 309 EP 310 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00032-2 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA QW708 UT WOS:A1995QW70800026 PM 7758975 ER PT J AU POLANCO, JI BERCIANO, MT CRESPO, P RODRIGUEZ, C ORDOVAS, JM LAFARGA, M MELON, JMO RODRIGUEZ, JC LEON, J AF POLANCO, JI BERCIANO, MT CRESPO, P RODRIGUEZ, C ORDOVAS, JM LAFARGA, M MELON, JMO RODRIGUEZ, JC LEON, J TI EXPRESSION OF APOLIPOPROTEIN-E IN CHOLESTEROL-LOADED MACROPHAGES OF EXTRAHEPATIC TISSUES DURING EXPERIMENTAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE APOLIPOPROTEIN E; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; MACROPHAGE ID E MESSENGER-RNA; E GENE-EXPRESSION; ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS; DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; PERIPHERAL-TISSUES; APOPROTEIN-E; A-I; RABBIT; LIVER; INDUCTION AB To study the expression of extrahepatic apolipoprotein E (apoE) under hypercholesterolemic conditions, apoE mRNA levels were evaluated in 14 tissues of rabbits fed on a cholesterol rich diet and compared to age-matched control animals. In hypercholesterolemic rabbits apoE expression was significantly induced in adipose tissue, adrenals, aorta, lung, and spleen. The increase in apoE mRNA levels in lung and spleen was associated with the presence of cholesterol-loaded macrophages. These cells were found to express high levels of apoE mRNA as demonstrated by in situ mRNA hybridization. Our results suggest that extrahepatic tissues would be partially responsible for the rise in serum apoE levels detected under hypercholesterolemic conditions. C1 UNIV CANTABRIA,FAC MED,DEPT BIOL MOLEC,E-39011 SANTANDER,SPAIN. UNIV CANTABRIA,FAC MED,DEPT ANAT & BIOL CELULAR,E-39011 SANTANDER,SPAIN. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. RI Crespo, Piero/M-3273-2014; OI Crespo, Piero/0000-0003-2825-7783; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 37 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PD APR 21 PY 1995 VL 56 IS 22 BP 1865 EP 1875 DI 10.1016/0024-3205(95)00161-X PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA QU652 UT WOS:A1995QU65200003 PM 7746095 ER PT J AU KARASEV, AV BOYKO, VP GOWDA, S NIKOLAEVA, OV HILF, ME KOONIN, EV NIBLETT, CL CLINE, K GUMPF, DJ LEE, RF GARNSEY, SM LEWANDOWSKI, DJ DAWSON, WO AF KARASEV, AV BOYKO, VP GOWDA, S NIKOLAEVA, OV HILF, ME KOONIN, EV NIBLETT, CL CLINE, K GUMPF, DJ LEE, RF GARNSEY, SM LEWANDOWSKI, DJ DAWSON, WO TI COMPLETE SEQUENCE OF THE CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS-RNA GENOME SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEET YELLOWS CLOSTEROVIRUS; DOUBLE-STRANDED RNAS; COAT PROTEIN GENE; PLANT-VIRUSES; TRANSLATION; CODE AB The sequence of the entire genome of citrus tristeza virus (CTV), Florida isolate T36, was completed. The 19,296-nt CTV genome encodes 12 open reading frames (ORFs) potentially coding for at least 17 protein products. The 5'-proximal ORF la starts at nucleotide 108 and encodes a large polyprotein with calculated MW of 349 kDa containing domains characteristic of (from 5' to 3') two papain-like proteases (P-PRO), a methyltransferase (MT), and a helicase (HEL). Alignment of the putative P-PRO sequences of CTV with the related proteases of beet yellows closterovirus (BYV) and potyviruses allowed the prediction of catalytic cysteine and histidine residues as well as two cleavage sites, namely Val-Gly/Gly for the 5' proximal P-PRO domain and Met-Gly/Gly for the 5' distal P-PRO domain. The autoproteolytic cleavage of the polyprotein at these sites would release two N-terminal leader proteins of 54 and 55 kDa, respectively, and a 240-kDa C-terminal fragment containing MT and HEL domains. The apparent duplication of the leader domain distinguishes CTV from BYV and accounts for most of the size increase in the ORF 1a product of CTV. The downstream ORF 1b encodes a 57-kDa putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which is probably expressed via a +1 ribosomal frameshift. Sequence analysis of the frameshift region suggests that this +1 frameshift probably occurs at a rare arginine codon CGG and that elements of the RNA secondary structure are unlikely to be involved in this process. The complete polyprotein resulting from this frameshift event has a calculated MW of 401 kDa and after cleavage of the two N-terminal leaders would yield a 292-kDa protein containing the MT, HEL, and RdRp domains. Phylogenetic analysis of the three replication-associated domains, MT, HEL, and RdRp, indicates that CTV and BYV form a separate closterovirus lineage within the alpha-like supergroup of positive-strand RNA viruses. Two gene blocks or modules can be easily identified in the CTV genome. The first includes the replicative MT, HEL, and RdRp genes and is conserved throughout the entire alpha-like superfamily. The second block consists of five ORFs, 3 to 7, conserved among closteroviruses, including genes for the CTV homolog of HSP70 proteins and a duplicate of the coat protein gene. The 3'-terminal ORFs 8 to 11 encode a putative RNA-binding protein (ORF 11), and three proteins with unknown functions; this gene array is poorly conserved among closteroviruses. The genomic double-stranded CTV RNA had an extra G at the 3' terminus of the minus strand and an extra U at the 3' terminus of the plus strand. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NATL LIB MED,NATL CTR BIOTECHNOL INFORMAT,BETHESDA,MD 20894. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT HORT SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RI Cline, Kenneth/J-6238-2013 NR 48 TC 291 Z9 337 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD APR 20 PY 1995 VL 208 IS 2 BP 511 EP 520 DI 10.1006/viro.1995.1182 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA QZ400 UT WOS:A1995QZ40000012 PM 7747424 ER PT J AU OWENS, RA CHEN, W HU, Y HSU, YH AF OWENS, RA CHEN, W HU, Y HSU, YH TI SUPPRESSION OF POTATO SPINDLE TUBER VIROID REPLICATION AND SYMPTOM EXPRESSION BY MUTATIONS WHICH STABILIZE THE PATHOGENICITY DOMAIN SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; TOMATO APICAL STUNT; INVITRO MUTAGENESIS; CDNA CLONES; RNA; INFECTIVITY; PSTV; CONSTRUCTION; STRAINS AB Nucleotides within the pathogenicity domain of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) are known to play an important role in regulating symptom expression, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unknown. In order to determine more precisely how structural features within the pathogenicity domain regulate symptom expression, we have characterized a series of mutations that progressively stabilize premelting region 1 and the rest of the ''virulence modulating'' region. The structural effects of these mutations were monitored by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis of circularized RNA transcripts, and their biological effects were assessed by quantitative bioassays in tomato. Closure of a 4-nucleotide loop within the premelting region 1 virtually abolished PSTVd infectivity, especially when a nearby 2-nucleotide loop was also closed. Although RNA transcripts containing less stabilizing mutations were readily infectious, none of the four single and one double substitutions examined were stably maintained in vivo. The pattern of spontaneous, apparently compensatory sequence changes observed in the progeny suggests that PSTVd variants with less stable secondary structures enjoy a selective advantage. Mutations which stabilize the pathogenicity domain of PSTVd in vitro also suppressed symptom expression, but at least one other mutation having no obvious structural effects was associated with a similar phenotype. Conformational stability appears to be only one of several factors regulating PSTVd replication and pathogenicity. C1 USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NATL CHUNGHSING UNIV,AGR BIOTECHNOL LABS,TAICHUNG 40227,TAIWAN. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD APR 20 PY 1995 VL 208 IS 2 BP 554 EP 564 DI 10.1006/viro.1995.1186 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA QZ400 UT WOS:A1995QZ40000016 PM 7747427 ER PT J AU HILF, ME KARASEV, AV PAPPU, HR GUMPF, DJ NIBLETT, CL GARNSEY, SM AF HILF, ME KARASEV, AV PAPPU, HR GUMPF, DJ NIBLETT, CL GARNSEY, SM TI CHARACTERIZATION OF CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS SUBGENOMIC RNAS IN INFECTED TISSUE SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; DNA AB Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) specific RNAs extracted from infected citrus tissue were analyzed by Northern blot hybridization. RNAs were characterized by size and identified using cDNA probes specific to nine open reading frames (ORFs) identified by the analysis of sequence obtained from cDNA clones of the T36 isolate of CTV. Sequence specific cDNA probes identified the genomic RNA as well as subgenomic RNAs representing the p33, p65, p61, p27, p25, p18, p13, p20, and p23 ORFs in extracts of total or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) isolated from infected tissue. A probe derived from the 3' terminal ORF (p23) hybridized to each of these subgenomic RNAs, indicating that the RNAs are 3' coterminal. The relative amounts of the different subgenomic RNAs varied widely. The RNAs for the p20 and p23 ORFs were the most abundant and surpassed the amount of the p25 or capsid protein specific subgenomic RNA. The number and sizes of the CTV subgenomic RNAs were the same in total RNA and dsRNA preparations. Propagation of T36 in seven different citrus hosts did not alter the pattern of subgenomic RNAs. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP HILF, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 23 TC 133 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD APR 20 PY 1995 VL 208 IS 2 BP 576 EP 582 DI 10.1006/viro.1995.1188 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA QZ400 UT WOS:A1995QZ40000018 PM 7747429 ER PT J AU ISMAIL, TM YAMANAKA, MK SALIKI, JT ELKHOLY, A MEBUS, C YILMA, T AF ISMAIL, TM YAMANAKA, MK SALIKI, JT ELKHOLY, A MEBUS, C YILMA, T TI CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF THE NUCLEOPROTEIN OF PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS VIRUS IN BACULOVIRUS FOR USE IN SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID RINDERPEST VIRUS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; MEASLES-VIRUS; P-GENE; MORBILLIVIRUS; CELLS; CDNA AB Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease of goats and sheep characterized by erosive stomatitis, enteritis, and pneumonia. The virus is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae and the genus Morbillivirus. The disease has high morbidity and mortality rates and has a substantial economic impact in developing countries. We have cloned and sequenced the cDNA of the nucleocapsid (N) gene of the Nigeria 75/1 strain of PPR virus (PPRV). A comparison of its nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence with those of the N gene of the tissue culture-attenuated strain of PPRV was performed. A divergence of 8.9 and 5.0% was found at the nucleotide and amino acid level, respectively. A recombinant baculovirus that expresses the N protein in insect cells and larvae (Spodoptera frugiperda) was generated. The recombinant protein, characterized by Western blot analysis, was shown to have a molecular weight of 58 kDa and was recognized by anti-PPRV antibodies. The recombinant protein was used successfully as a coating antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the serological diagnosis of PPRV. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VET PATHOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,INT LAB MOLEC BIOL TROP DIS AGENTS,DAVIS,CA 95616. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,OKLAHOMA ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,STILLWATER,OK. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LAB,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,GREENPORT,NY. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD APR 20 PY 1995 VL 208 IS 2 BP 776 EP 778 DI 10.1006/viro.1995.1210 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA QZ400 UT WOS:A1995QZ40000040 PM 7747450 ER PT J AU IRWIN, PL BROUILLETTE, JN HICKS, KB AF IRWIN, PL BROUILLETTE, JN HICKS, KB TI CYCLOMALTOHEPTAOSE (BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN) AND HYDROXYETHYL-SUBSTITUTED BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN INCLUSION COMPLEX-FORMATION WITH CHLOROGENIC ACID - SOLVENT EFFECTS ON INCLUSION COMPLEX STABILITY SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CYCLOMALTOHEPTAOSE(BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN); CHLOROGENIC ACID; INCLUSION COMPLEX; STABILITY ID ENTHALPY-ENTROPY COMPENSATION; ALPHA-CYCLODEXTRIN; CALORIMETRIC TITRATION; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; THERMODYNAMICS; BINDING AB The inclusion complexes of cyclomaltoheptaose (beta-CD) and beta-CD's 50% hydroxyethyl-substituted derivative (HE-beta-CD) with chlorogenic acid (CA) were studied with regard to temperature and water activity (a(H2O) approximate to mole fraction = X(H2O) = 0.8-0.99; 0.1 M Na phosphate buffer) utilizing first-derivative spectrophotometric analyses of bathochromic shifts (Delta lambda) in CA's UV absorbance as a function of variable [CD]. From the dependence of the apparent stability constant, K, on X(H2O) (K=K(double dagger)X(H2O)(z)) we estimated that the beta-CD . CA complex's apparent stoichiometric coefficient, z, for water was ca. 7 +/- 1 (K-double dagger = 1032 +/- 54 M(-1)); this value agrees with recently published literature concerning the minimum number of waters needed to stabilize a similar beta-CD adduct. However, we determined that z was significantly lower (4 +/- 0.3; K-double dagger = 809 +/- 31 M(-1)) for the HE-beta-CD . CA complex. These results argue that a unique species of bound water is involved in beta-CD . CA stability since a 50% substitution resulted in an equivalent loss in z as well as a substantial decrease in K-double dagger. This hypothesis was supported by NMR inversion recovery experiments whereupon the most significant perturbation to spin-lattice relaxation (Delta T-1 = T-1 beta-CD - T-1 beta-CD . CA) was associated with beta-CD's H-1 at position 3 (H-3; Delta T-1 = 585 ms). Small Delta T(1)s were observed for H-2 (160 ms) and H-6,6' (83 ms). beta-CD's H-3 Delta T(1)s were dependent not only upon the adduct's concentration but also diminished at a high ionic strength. These data indicate that Delta T-1 was related to changes in [D2O] at or near beta-CD's hydroxyl groups and that these D2O molecules were bound with a relatively long residence time. Thermochemical measurements of Delta H and Delta S at various X(H2O)s display typically linear enthalpy-entropy compensation (Delta H-Delta S) relationships but with a slope (T-c = partial derivative Delta H/partial derivative Delta S = 272 K) significantly less than standard aqueous thermodynamic measurements (T-c = 305 K) of a similar system. This unequivocal X(H2O) effect on T-c argues that the chemical part process of CD . guest adduct formation involves changes in relative solvation, presumably desolvation, of beta-CD's binding site. This interpretation was supported by the dependency of Delta lambda(max) on CD binding site dimension and X(H2O)(MeoOH). RP USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD APR 19 PY 1995 VL 269 IS 2 BP 201 EP 216 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(94)00360-R PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA QR043 UT WOS:A1995QR04300002 ER PT J AU IQBAL, J ELMQUIST, JK ROSS, LR ACKERMANN, MR JACOBSON, CD AF IQBAL, J ELMQUIST, JK ROSS, LR ACKERMANN, MR JACOBSON, CD TI POSTNATAL NEUROGENESIS OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC PARAVENTRICULAR AND SUPRAOPTIC NUCLEI IN THE BRAZILIAN OPOSSUM BRAIN SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MONODELPHIS; MARSUPIAL; HYPOTHALAMUS; DEVELOPMENT; BROMODEOXYURIDINE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ID SHORT-TAILED OPOSSUM; RECEPTOR-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY; SPINAL-CORD; MONODELPHIS-DOMESTICA; CYTOARCHITECTONIC SUBDIVISIONS; BINDING-SITES; PREOPTIC AREA; CELL-CYCLE; RAT; NEURONS AB We have used bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) single and BrdU-arginine vasopressin-oxytocin (BrdU-AVP-OT) double and triple label immunohistochemistry to characterize postnatal neurogenesis of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in the Brazilian opossum, Developing pups received a single injection of BrdU between days 1 and 11 postnatally. All brains were collected on day 60 of postnatal life (60 PN). Single label BrdU immunohistochemistry revealed that an injection at 1 PN resulted in heavy labelling in the hypothalamus including the area of the paraventricular nucleus, whereas only approximately one third of the cells in the supraoptic nucleus were labelled. Analysis of data indicated that neurogenesis of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei is completed by days 5 and 7 PN, respectively. Double and triple label immunohistochemistry demonstrated that following BrdU injection on day 1 or 2 PN, few of the AVP and OT secreting cells in the supraoptic nucleus were double labelled with either peptide and BrdU, and no double labelled cells were seen following BrdU injection on day 5 PN. Similarly, in the paraventricular nucleus most of the AVP and OT secreting magnocellular cells were not double labelled with either peptide and BrdU. Whereas several double labelled cells were observed in the parvicellular part following BrdU injection on day 1 or 2 PN. No double labelled cells were present in any component of the paraventricular nucleus following injection on day 7 PN or later. These results indicate that the majority of the AVP and OT secreting magnocellular neurons are born prenatally and the OT and AVP parvicellular group of neurons are born during postnatal life. Our results also demonstrate that in contrast to that of eutherian rodents such as the rat and mouse, neurogenesis in the opossum hypothalamus continues into the postnatal period and provides a unique opportunity to study the neuroanatomical development of diverse regions such as the paraventricular nucleus. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT VET ANAT,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,PROGRAM NEUROSCI,AMES,IA 50011. HARVARD UNIV,BETH ISRAEL HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,BOSTON,MA 02115. USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 57 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-3806 J9 DEV BRAIN RES JI Dev. Brain Res. PD APR 18 PY 1995 VL 85 IS 2 BP 151 EP 160 DI 10.1016/0165-3806(94)00189-7 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA QT130 UT WOS:A1995QT13000001 ER PT J AU LAIRD, SK SOMMERFELD, RA AF LAIRD, SK SOMMERFELD, RA TI NITRIC-ACID ADSORPTION ON ICE - A PRELIMINARY-STUDY SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COEFFICIENTS; SNOW AB The adsorption of nitric acid vapor on the ice surface was studied at -20 degrees C. Adsorption took place in three stages: surface initialization, formation of a monolayer and formation of a multilayer. The results of elution of a multilayer deposit indicated the formation of a hydrate whose vapor pressure was estimated to be a maximum of 1.5+/-0.5x10(-6) torr. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 8 BP 921 EP 923 DI 10.1029/95GL00817 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QT666 UT WOS:A1995QT66600014 ER PT J AU CLARK, L AF CLARK, L TI MODULATION OF AVIAN RESPONSIVENESS TO CHEMICAL IRRITANTS - EFFECTS OF PROSTAGLANDIN-E1 AND ANALGESICS SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASPIRIN-LIKE DRUGS; REPELLENCY; INHIBITION; MECHANISM; AVERSIVENESS; CAPSAICIN; BIRDS; ACID AB Chemical irritation appears to be modulated by similar mechanisms in birds and mammals, despite an apparent difference between the two taxa for what constitutes a chemical irritant. Prostaglandin E1, a well-described mammalian pain modulating substance, was not itself aversive to starlings, although it did sensitize birds to the effects of the avian irritant o-aminoacetophenone. Aspirin and aspirin-like drugs tended to desensitize starlings to the aversive effects of acetophenone bird repellents. Because the modulation mechanisms for the perception of pain appear to be similar in birds and mammals, the taxonomic differences in the perception of stimuli as irritating is inferred to be due to differences in receptor mechanism. The differences in sensory perception of chemical irritants has important implications for vertebrate foraging ecology and the evolution of plant-animal interactions. (C) 1995 WiIey-Liss, Inc. RP CLARK, L (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,3500 MARKET ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0022-104X J9 J EXP ZOOL JI J. Exp. Zool. PD APR 15 PY 1995 VL 271 IS 6 BP 432 EP 440 DI 10.1002/jez.1402710604 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QV339 UT WOS:A1995QV33900003 ER PT J AU CLOUGH, NEC ROTH, JA AF CLOUGH, NEC ROTH, JA TI METHODS FOR ASSESSING CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY IN INFECTIOUS-DISEASE RESISTANCE AND IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF VACCINES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; LEUKOCYTE-MIGRATION-INHIBITION; TOXIC LYMPHOCYTES-T; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; ORAL IMMUNIZATION; BRUCELLA-ABORTUS; RABIES VIRUS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011. RP CLOUGH, NEC (reprint author), USDA,APHIS VS,NATL VET SERV LABS,POB 844,AMES,IA 50010, USA. RI Roth, James/A-7122-2009 OI Roth, James/0000-0003-3562-668X NR 109 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 1995 VL 206 IS 8 BP 1208 EP 1216 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QT281 UT WOS:A1995QT28100034 PM 7768746 ER PT J AU PAN, ZQ DURST, F WERCKREICHHART, D GARDNER, HW CAMARA, B CORNISH, K BACKHAUS, RA AF PAN, ZQ DURST, F WERCKREICHHART, D GARDNER, HW CAMARA, B CORNISH, K BACKHAUS, RA TI THE MAJOR PROTEIN OF GUAYULE RUBBER PARTICLES IS A CYTOCHROME-P450 - CHARACTERIZATION BASED ON CDNA CLONING AND SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF THE SOLUBILIZED ENZYME AND ITS REACTION-PRODUCTS SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM GRAY; HYDROPEROXIDE ISOMERASE; PLANT-TISSUES; ACID; METABOLISM; MECHANISM; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION AB Guayule plants accumulate large quantities of rubber within parenchyma cells of their stembark tissues. This rubber is packed within discrete organelles called rubber particles composed primarily of a lipophilic, cis-polyisoprene core, small amounts of lipids, and several proteins, the most abundant of which is the M(r) 53,000 rubber particle protein (RPP). We have cloned and sequenced a full-length cDNA for RPP and show that it has 65% amino acid identity and 85% similarity to a cytochrome P450 known as allene oxide synthase (AOS), recently identified from flaxseed. RPP contains the same unusual heme-binding region and possesses a similar defective I-helix region as AOS, suggesting an equivalent biochemical function. Spectral analysis of solubilized RPP verifies it as a P450, and enzymatic assays reveal that it also metabolizes 13(S)hydroperoxy-(SZ,11E)-octadecadienoic acid into the expected ketol fatty acids at rates comparable with flaxseed AOS, RPP is unusual in that it lacks the amino-terminal membrane anchor and the established organelle targeting sequences found on other conventional P450s. Together, these factors place RPP in the CYP74 family of P450s and establish it as the first P450 localized in rubber particles and the first eukaryotic P450 to be identified outside endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, or plastids. C1 ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,TEMPE,AZ 85287. UNIV STRASBOURG 1,INST BOT,DEPT ENZYMOL CELLULAIRE & MOLEC,INST BIOL MOLEC PLANTES,CNRS,F-67083 STRASBOURG,FRANCE. USDA ARS,PEORIA,IL 61064. CNRS,INST BIOL MOLEC PLANTES,F-67084 STRASBOURG,FRANCE. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 52 TC 106 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 14 PY 1995 VL 270 IS 15 BP 8487 EP 8494 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA QT448 UT WOS:A1995QT44800021 PM 7721745 ER PT J AU OTTO, J ORDOVAS, JM SMITH, D VANDONGEN, D NICOLOSI, RJ SCHAEFER, EJ AF OTTO, J ORDOVAS, JM SMITH, D VANDONGEN, D NICOLOSI, RJ SCHAEFER, EJ TI LOVASTATIN INHIBITS DIET-INDUCED ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN F1B GOLDEN SYRIAN-HAMSTERS SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE LIPOPROTEINS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; HMG COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; DIET; HAMSTERS ID HMG-COA REDUCTASE; DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; FATTY STREAK FORMATION; CHOLESTEROL-SYNTHESIS; MESSENGER-RNA; PLASMA; CHOLESTYRAMINE; METABOLISM; RABBITS; LIPIDS AB 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors are the drugs most commonly prescribed in the US to lower blood cholesterol. Previous studies have shown their efficacy in reducing plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. However, little is known about their effects on preventing diet induced atherosclerosis. We have investigated the changes in lipoprotein profiles and extent of atherogenesis in hamsters (F1B strain) consuming an atherogenic diet with and without lovastatin. Thirty-six animals were randomized into 3 groups of 12 animals each, with similar plasma cholesterol levels. One group of animals received a basal chow diet, and the other two groups a basal diet plus 10% (w/w) coconut oil and 0.05% cholesterol. After 2.5 weeks, one of the groups received the latter diet supplemented with lovastatin (25 mg/kg/day). A second study was carried out in which animals received the same diets, but lovastatin was given during the 10 week period at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg/day. At the end of the experimental period, animals were sacrificed and lipoprotein cholesterol, liver enzymes, and aortic foam cell development were determined. Animals fed the high fat diet plus lovastatin had significantly lower levels of non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol than those fed the unsupplemented high fat diet. No differences were observed in mean levels of this parameter between animals fed the low fat diet and those receiving lovastatin. The amount of aortic lipid staining was significantly less in the lovastatin and low fat groups when compared to the unsupplemented high fat groups. These results indicate that lovastatin can prevent diet induced aortic lipid deposition in this animal model. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT CLIN SCI,CARDIOVASC RES LAB,LOWELL,MA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 37 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD APR 7 PY 1995 VL 114 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1016/0021-9150(94)05457-T PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA QT925 UT WOS:A1995QT92500003 PM 7605373 ER PT J AU BOSTOM, AG SHEMIN, D LAPANE, KL MILLER, JW SUTHERLAND, P NADEAU, M SEYOUM, E HARTMAN, W PRIOR, R WILSON, PWF SELHUB, J AF BOSTOM, AG SHEMIN, D LAPANE, KL MILLER, JW SUTHERLAND, P NADEAU, M SEYOUM, E HARTMAN, W PRIOR, R WILSON, PWF SELHUB, J TI HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA AND TRADITIONAL CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK-FACTORS IN END-STAGE RENAL-DISEASE PATIENTS ON DIALYSIS - A CASE-CONTROL STUDY SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE HOMOCYSTEINE; RENAL FUNCTION; ATHEROTHROMBOSIS; RISK FACTORS; VITAMINS; SERINE; CREATININE ID PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; CHRONIC-HEMODIALYSIS; VASCULAR-DISEASE; HEART-DISEASE; AMINO-ACIDS; HOMOCYST(E)INE; METABOLISM; SUPPLEMENTATION; HOMOCYSTINURIA; INSUFFICIENCY AB Hyperhomocysteinemia occurs frequently in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but its prevalence in comparison with traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors is unknown. Fasting total plasma homocysteine, potential determinants of plasma homocysteine (i.e., plasma B-vitamins and serine), total and HDL cholesterol, glucose, and creatinine, were determined in 24 ESRD patients on dialysis, and 24 age, gender, and race matched Framingham Offspring Study controls with normal renal function. Presence of clinical CVD and CVD risk factors was established by standardized methods, Mean plasma homocysteine was markedly higher in the ESRD patients versus controls (22.7 vs. 9.5 mu mol/l). ESRD patients were 33 times more likely than controls to have hyperhomocysteinemia (>15.8 mu mol/l) (95% confidence interval, 5.7-189.6). Hyperhomocysteinemia persisted in the ESRD patients despite normal to supernormal B-vitamin status. Plasma serine levels below the tenth percentile of the control distribution were found in 75% of the ESRD patients. Oral serine supplementation caused a 37% increase in mean plasma serine, but had no effect on plasma homocysteine in four ESRD patients with supernormal plasma folate, low plasma serine, and hyperhomocysteinemia. Given its unusually high prevalence, improved management of hyperhomocysteinemia might reduce CVD sequelae in ESRD. C1 RHODE ISL HOSP,DIV RENAL DIS,PROVIDENCE,RI 02902. BROWN UNIV,MEM HOSP RHODE ISL,DIV HLTH EDUC,PAWTUCKET,RI 02860. TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP BOSTOM, AG (reprint author), FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,EPIDEMIOL & BIOMETRY PROGRAM,5 THURBER ST,FRAMINGHAM,MA 01701, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL-40423-05] NR 47 TC 171 Z9 175 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD APR 7 PY 1995 VL 114 IS 1 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.1016/0021-9150(94)05470-4 PG 11 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA QT925 UT WOS:A1995QT92500010 PM 7605381 ER PT J AU ALEXANDER, ER BOASE, J DAVIS, M KIRCHNER, L OSAKI, C TANINO, T SAMADPOUR, M TARR, P GOLDOFT, M LANKFORD, S KOBYASHI, J STEHRGREEN, P BRADLEY, P HINTON, B TIGHE, P PEARSON, B FLORES, GR ABBOTT, S BRYANT, R WERNER, SB VUGIA, DJ AF ALEXANDER, ER BOASE, J DAVIS, M KIRCHNER, L OSAKI, C TANINO, T SAMADPOUR, M TARR, P GOLDOFT, M LANKFORD, S KOBYASHI, J STEHRGREEN, P BRADLEY, P HINTON, B TIGHE, P PEARSON, B FLORES, GR ABBOTT, S BRYANT, R WERNER, SB VUGIA, DJ TI ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157/H7 OUTBREAK LINKED TO COMMERCIALLY DISTRIBUTED DRY-CURED SALAMI - WASHINGTON AND CALIFORNIA, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 157-160, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; O157-H7; EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CHILDRENS HOSP & MED CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98105. WASHINGTON DEPT HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. SACRAMENTO CTY HLTH DEPT,SACRAMENTO,CA. SONOMA CTY HLTH DEPT,SANTA ROSA,CA. USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP ALEXANDER, ER (reprint author), SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 5 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 13 BP 985 EP 986 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QP890 UT WOS:A1995QP89000011 ER PT J AU CARY, JW BHATNAGAR, D AF CARY, JW BHATNAGAR, D TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF A ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS GENE STRONGLY REPRESSED BY THIAMINE SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION LA English DT Note DE GENE REGULATION; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; THIAMINE; AFLATOXIN; (ASPERGILLUS) AB A cDNA clone demonstrating a high degree of homology to the thiamine repressed nmt1 gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe was isolated from the aflatoxigenic fungus; Aspergillus parasiticus. The deduced polypeptide of a cDNA clone from A. parasiticus had an amino acid sequence identity of 60% with that of the nmtI gene of S. pombe. Transcription of the nmt1 gene homolog in the fungus was strongly inhibited by concentrations of thiamine of 2.0 mu M or higher. RP CARY, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 7 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4781 J9 BBA-GENE STRUCT EXPR JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gene Struct. Expression PD APR 4 PY 1995 VL 1261 IS 2 BP 319 EP 320 DI 10.1016/0167-4781(95)00032-C PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA QQ952 UT WOS:A1995QQ95200025 PM 7711083 ER PT J AU BELOFSKY, GN GLOER, JB WICKLOW, DT DOWD, PF AF BELOFSKY, GN GLOER, JB WICKLOW, DT DOWD, PF TI ANTIINSECTAN ALKALOIDS - SHEARININES-A-C AND A NEW PAXILLINE DERIVATIVE FROM THE ASCOSTROMATA OF EUPENICILLIUM-SHEARII SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article ID PENICILLIUM-JANTHINELLUM; STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION; ASPERGILLUS-NOMIUS; CLAVICEPS-PASPALI; JANTHITREM-B; SCLEROTIA; METABOLITE AB Four new antiinsectan indole alkaloids (1-4) have been isolated from organic extracts of the sclerotioid ascostromata of Eupenicillium shearii (NRRL 3324). These extracts also afforded five known, related metabolites (5-9). The structures of the new compounds were determined through analysis of H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, HMQC, and HMBC experiments. Compounds 1-9 were isolated from fractions displaying activity in dietary assays against the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea and the dried-fruit beetle Carpophilus hemipterus, and most of the compounds show potent activity in these assays. Shearinine A (1) also exhibited activity in a topical assay against H. zea, and shearinine B (2) caused significant mortality in a leaf disk assay against the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. C1 UNIV IOWA,DEPT CHEM,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 22 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD APR 3 PY 1995 VL 51 IS 14 BP 3959 EP 3968 DI 10.1016/0040-4020(95)00138-X PG 10 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA QR161 UT WOS:A1995QR16100002 ER PT J AU MANNERS, GD AF MANNERS, GD TI PLANT TOXINS - THE ESSENCE OF DIVERSITY AND A CHALLENGE TO RESEARCH SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 1 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200001 ER PT J AU MANNING, BA GOLDBERG, S AF MANNING, BA GOLDBERG, S TI SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODELING OF ARSENATE ADSORPTION ON SOIL MINERALS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 2 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202284 ER PT J AU BECONIBARKER, MG DAVISON, KL HORNISH, RE ARNOLD, TS CRAIGMILL, AL GILBERTSON, TJ SMITH, EB VIDMAR, TJ HOFFMAN, GA GATCHELL, CL AF BECONIBARKER, MG DAVISON, KL HORNISH, RE ARNOLD, TS CRAIGMILL, AL GILBERTSON, TJ SMITH, EB VIDMAR, TJ HOFFMAN, GA GATCHELL, CL TI ADME OF C-14 CEFTIOFUR NA IN SHEEP FOLLOWING 5 DAILY IM INJECTIONS AT 2.2 MG CEFTIOFUR/KG BODY-WEIGHT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. UPJOHN CO,KALAMAZOO,MI 49001. USDA ARS,BRL,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 4 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200154 ER PT J AU IMAFIDON, GI SPANIER, AM CHUNG, SY AF IMAFIDON, GI SPANIER, AM CHUNG, SY TI ISOLATION, PURIFICATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTI-BMP ANTIBODY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SSRC,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 8 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200008 ER PT J AU ROWELL, RM AF ROWELL, RM TI POTENTIALS FOR COMPOSITES FROM AGRO-BASED FIBERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 8 EP MACR PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23302030 ER PT J AU BERGSTEN, DA AF BERGSTEN, DA TI RISK ASSESSMENT - SUREDYE INSECTICIDE APPLICATION TRIALS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,APHIS,BBEP,EAD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 11 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200161 ER PT J AU ABBAS, HK SHIER, WT AF ABBAS, HK SHIER, WT TI THE CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITIES OF THE NATURAL-PRODUCTS AAL-TOXIN AND THE FUMONISINS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,SWSL,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. USDA ARS,TMRU,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV MINNESOTA,COLL PHARM,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 17 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200017 ER PT J AU LIQUIDO, NJ MCQUATE, GT CUNNINGHAM, RT AF LIQUIDO, NJ MCQUATE, GT CUNNINGHAM, RT TI TOXICITY OF PHLOXINE-B AND URANINE TO MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) ADULTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HILO,HI 96720. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 17 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200167 ER PT J AU MEDLEY, TL AF MEDLEY, TL TI REGULATIONS FOR SAFE TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION (COMMERCIALIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 17 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301897 ER PT J AU MANGAN, RL MORENO, DS AF MANGAN, RL MORENO, DS TI DEVELOPMENT OF SUREDYE BAIT FOR CONTROL OF MEXICAN FRUIT-FLY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CQFIR,WESLACO,TX 78596. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 18 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200168 ER PT J AU KITTO, GB WANG, P LEMBURG, T LEMBURG, J BRADER, R BURKHOLDER, W AF KITTO, GB WANG, P LEMBURG, T LEMBURG, J BRADER, R BURKHOLDER, W TI IMMUNOASSAYS FOR DETECTING INSECT CONTAMINATION OF FOOD-PRODUCTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV TEXAS,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,AUSTIN,TX 78712. BIOTECT INC,AUSTIN,TX. UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA,STORED PROD INSECTS LAB,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 19 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301899 ER PT J AU LIQUIDO, NJ SPENCER, JP CUNNINGHAM, RT AF LIQUIDO, NJ SPENCER, JP CUNNINGHAM, RT TI HYDROLYZED PROTEIN BAIT SPRAYS CONTAINING PHLOXINE-B AND URANINE FOR CONTROLLING MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) INFESTATIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,TF&VRL,HILO,HI 96720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 19 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200169 ER PT J AU MORENO, DS MANGAN, RL AF MORENO, DS MANGAN, RL TI GUSTATORY RESPONSE OF THE MEXICAN FRUIT-FLY TO BAITS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CQFIR,WESLACO,TX 78596. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 20 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200170 ER PT J AU COUTINHO, PM DOWD, MK REILLY, PJ AF COUTINHO, PM DOWD, MK REILLY, PJ TI AUTOMATED DOCKING OF 3 ISOMALTOSYL ANALOGS INTO THE ACTIVE-SITE OF GLUCOAMYLASE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM ENGN,AMES,IA 50011. RI Coutinho, Pedro/C-4473-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 22 EP BIOT PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200473 ER PT J AU STANKER, L KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C BEIER, RC LEVIN, CE FRIEDMAN, M AF STANKER, L KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C BEIER, RC LEVIN, CE FRIEDMAN, M TI COMPARISON OF ELISA AND HPLC METHODS FOR DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF GLYCOALKALOIDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 23 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301903 ER PT J AU STEINHEIMER, TR AF STEINHEIMER, TR TI CHEMICAL FATE OF HERBICIDES WITHIN A SMALL AGRICULTURAL WATERSHED SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 24 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201970 ER PT J AU TALLENT, WH AF TALLENT, WH TI FOUNDING AND STRUCTURING OF A SUCCESSFUL FEDERAL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER COMMERCIALIZATION PROGRAM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 24 EP CHAL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201500 ER PT J AU KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C STANKER, LH AF KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C STANKER, LH TI DEVELOPMENT OF RECOMBINATION SCFVS RECOGNIZING POTATO GLYCOALKALOIDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 25 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301905 ER PT J AU VILLET, R AF VILLET, R TI USDA-ARS GREEN TECHNOLOGIES - BASIS FOR THE NEW-WAVE IN AGRICULTURE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 25 EP CHAL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201501 ER PT J AU KOSKINEN, WC CONN, JS AF KOSKINEN, WC CONN, JS TI FATE OF SYMMETRICAL AND ASYMMETRIC TRIAZINES IN SILT LOAM SOILS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 26 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201972 ER PT J AU PARRY, RM AF PARRY, RM TI THE REGULATORY LANDSCAPE FOR TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER AND COMMERCIALIZATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 26 EP CHAL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201502 ER PT J AU SAWYER, AJ KRASNOFF, SB AF SAWYER, AJ KRASNOFF, SB TI THEORETICAL TREATMENT OF DATA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PLANT PROTECT RES UNIT,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 26 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200176 ER PT J AU SANADI, AR CAULFIELD, DF JACOBSON, RE ROWELL, RM AF SANADI, AR CAULFIELD, DF JACOBSON, RE ROWELL, RM TI RENEWABLE AGRICULTURAL FIBERS AS REINFORCING FILLERS IN PLASTICS - MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF KENAF FIBER-POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 30 EP MACR PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23302052 ER PT J AU ELISSALDE, MH KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C BEIER, RC PLATTNER, RD ROWE, LD STANKER, LH AF ELISSALDE, MH KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C BEIER, RC PLATTNER, RD ROWE, LD STANKER, LH TI MOLECULAR MODELING OF FUMONISIN-B1-3 AND THE HYDROLIZED BACKBONE OF FUMONISIN-B1 - APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER AFFINITY MONOCLONAL-BASED ELISA FOR THESE MYCOTOXINS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 36 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301916 ER PT J AU BEIER, RC ELISSALDE, MH STANKER, LH AF BEIER, RC ELISSALDE, MH STANKER, LH TI MOLECULAR MODELING STUDIES OF THE FUMONISIN MYCOTOXINS - ADDITIONAL INSIGHTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 38 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301918 ER PT J AU LAIRD, DA AF LAIRD, DA TI MECHANISMS FOR SORPTION OF ATRAZINE ON SOIL CLAY COMPONENTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 40 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201986 ER PT J AU MCKEON, TA LIN, JT GOODRICHTANRIKULU, M STAFFORD, A AF MCKEON, TA LIN, JT GOODRICHTANRIKULU, M STAFFORD, A TI OILSEED CROPS AS RENEWABLE SOURCES OF INDUSTRIAL-CHEMICALS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 44 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301924 ER PT J AU BAGBY, MO AF BAGBY, MO TI PRODUCTS FROM VEGETABLE-OILS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NCAUR,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 45 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301925 ER PT J AU NEUCERE, JN CLEVELAND, TE AF NEUCERE, JN CLEVELAND, TE TI EFFECT OF BASE-SOLUBLE PROTEINS FROM CORN ON CELL-SURFACE INTERACTIONS AND GROWTH OF ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 47 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200047 ER PT J AU WARD, DE HAO, WM BABBITT, RE AF WARD, DE HAO, WM BABBITT, RE TI COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY AND HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS FROM CHARCOAL PRODUCTION KILNS IN THE TROPICS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,MISSOULA,MT 59807. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 47 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200820 ER PT J AU ARGAUER, RJ ELLER, KI IBRAHIM, MA BROWN, RT AF ARGAUER, RJ ELLER, KI IBRAHIM, MA BROWN, RT TI DETERMINING PROPOXUR AND OTHER CARBAMATES IN MEAT USING HPLC FLUORESCENCE AND GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY ION-TRAP MASS-SPECTROMETRY AFTER SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 48 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200198 ER PT J AU HAO, WM WARD, DE OLBU, G BAKER, SP AF HAO, WM WARD, DE OLBU, G BAKER, SP TI PRODUCTION OF CO2, CO AND HYDROCARBONS FROM BIOMASS FIRES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MISSOULA,MT 59807. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 49 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200822 ER PT J AU CHUNG, SY VERCELLOTTI, JR AF CHUNG, SY VERCELLOTTI, JR TI AN ENZYME-AMPLIFIED MICROTITER PLATE ASSAY FOR ETHANOL - ITS APPLICATION TO THE DETECTION OF PEANUT ETHANOL AND ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SRRC,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. USDA ARS,NCSU,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 50 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200050 ER PT J AU SHIMER, GD STANKER, LH ELISSALDE, MH BIRD, CB DXON, DE RICHARDS, MC MILLER, BM AF SHIMER, GD STANKER, LH ELISSALDE, MH BIRD, CB DXON, DE RICHARDS, MC MILLER, BM TI IMMUNOCHEMICAL DETECTION OF THE ANTICOCCIDIAL SALINOMYCIN IN POULTRY FEED SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NEOGEN CORP,LANSING,MI 48912. BECTON DICKINSON ADV DIAGNOSTICS,SPARKS,MD 21152. PFIZER CANADA,LONDON,ONTARIO N6A 4C6,CANADA. USDA ARS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 50 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301929 ER PT J AU KING, JW NAM, KS AF KING, JW NAM, KS TI COUPLING ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY (EIA) WITH SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION (SFE) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUALITY & SAFETY RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 51 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301930 ER PT J AU LEHRFELD, J AF LEHRFELD, J TI SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF A CATION-EXCHANGE RESIN PREPARED BY THE PYROLYSIS OF STARCH IN THE PRESENCE OF PHYTIC ACID SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 52 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200052 ER PT J AU RIALS, TG WOLCOTT, MP AF RIALS, TG WOLCOTT, MP TI IN-SITU CURE ANALYSIS OF ISOCYANATE BONDED WOOD COMPOSITES USING MICRODIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV FORESTRY,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 53 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200826 ER PT J AU MULDOON, MT ELISSALDE, MH BEIER, RC STANKER, LH AF MULDOON, MT ELISSALDE, MH BEIER, RC STANKER, LH TI COMPARISON OF ELISA AND HPLC METHODS FOR DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF SALINOMYCIN IN CHICKEN LIVER-TISSUE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 54 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301933 ER PT J AU SNOOK, ME WHITE, RA CHORTYK, OT AF SNOOK, ME WHITE, RA CHORTYK, OT TI 2 NOVEL TERPENE GLYCOSIDES FROM TOBACCO WITH ANTIBIOSIS ACTIVITY TOWARDS THE TOBACCO BUDWORM (HELIOTHIS-VIRSCENS) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CLEMSON UNIV,PEE DEE RES & EDUC CTR,FLORENCE,SC 29501. USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 54 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200054 ER PT J AU INGLETT, GE WARNER, K NEWMAN, RK AF INGLETT, GE WARNER, K NEWMAN, RK TI BARLEYTRIM - SENSORY AND NUTRITIONAL EVALUATIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUALITY & SAFETY RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. USDA ARS,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 55 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200055 ER PT J AU MORRIS, NM CATALANO, EA AF MORRIS, NM CATALANO, EA TI THE CHARACTERIZATION OF COTTON TEXTILES BY FT-IR MICROSCOPY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 55 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200828 ER PT J AU MORRIS, NM TRASKMORRELL, BJ MORRIS, CE AF MORRIS, NM TRASKMORRELL, BJ MORRIS, CE TI THERMOANALYTICAL AND SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF SYSTEMS FOR CROSS-LINKING CELLULOSE WITH POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 56 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200829 ER PT J AU EGGLESTON, G VERCELLOTTI, JR EDYE, LA CLARKE, MA AF EGGLESTON, G VERCELLOTTI, JR EDYE, LA CLARKE, MA TI EFFECTS OF SALTS ON THE INITIAL THERMAL-DEGRADATION OF CONCENTRATED AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS OF SUCROSE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. SUGAR PROC RES INST INC,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 59 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200720 ER PT J AU AHLGREN, JA COTE, GL LEATHERS, TD AF AHLGREN, JA COTE, GL LEATHERS, TD TI PURIFICATION AND AMINO-TERMINAL PEPTIDE SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS OF ALTERNANSUCRASE FROM LEUCONOSTOC-MESENTEROIDES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 60 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200721 ER PT J AU CORNISH, K SILER, DJ AF CORNISH, K SILER, DJ TI DOMESTIC NATURAL-RUBBER PRODUCTION THROUGH BIOTECHNOLOGY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 60 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301939 ER PT J AU LERCH, RN DONALD, WW LI, YX ALBERTS, EE AF LERCH, RN DONALD, WW LI, YX ALBERTS, EE TI HYDROXYLATED ATRAZINE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS IN A SMALL MISSOURI STREAM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO. ABC LABS INC,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 60 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202006 ER PT J AU ROSS, PF AF ROSS, PF TI EFFECTS OF FUMONISINS IN DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 60 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200060 ER PT J AU COTE, GL WYCKOFF, HA BIELY, P AF COTE, GL WYCKOFF, HA BIELY, P TI PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF ALTERNANASE, A NEW-TYPE OF ALPHA-D-GLUCANASE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 61 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200722 ER PT J AU FISHMAN, ML BREWSTER, JD AF FISHMAN, ML BREWSTER, JD TI CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS OF STARCH IN IODINE-CONTAINING BUFFERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 63 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200724 ER PT J AU SHOGREN, RL AF SHOGREN, RL TI EFFECT OF MOISTURE ON THE THERMAL AND EXTRUSION PROPERTIES OF STARCH ACETATES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PLANT POLYMER RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 64 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200725 ER PT J AU SUAREZ, DI WOOD, JD AF SUAREZ, DI WOOD, JD TI WEATHERING OF SILICATE MINERALS ISOLATED FROM AN ARID ZONE SOIL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 65 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202346 ER PT J AU VIGO, TL AF VIGO, TL TI NETWORK POLYMERIZATION OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS IN FIBROUS SUBSTRATES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 65 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200838 ER PT J AU FRENCH, AD DOWD, MK AF FRENCH, AD DOWD, MK TI MODELING FRUCTOSE TAUTOMERS WITH MM3 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 66 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200727 ER PT J AU HAPEMAN, CJ ANDERSON, BG JOHNSON, WE TORRENTS, A AF HAPEMAN, CJ ANDERSON, BG JOHNSON, WE TORRENTS, A TI MECHANISTIC EXAMINATION AND MASS-BALANCE OF ATRAZINE IN PHOTO-INITIATED HYDROXYL RADICAL AND DIRECT PHOTOLYTIC PROCESSES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENVIRONM ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20740. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 67 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200217 ER PT J AU WELCH, CM PETERS, JG AF WELCH, CM PETERS, JG TI FORMALDEHYDE-FREE CELLULOSE CROSS-LINKING WITH MIXTURES OF POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 67 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200840 ER PT J AU CARDAMONE, JM MARMER, WN BLANCHARD, EJ AF CARDAMONE, JM MARMER, WN BLANCHARD, EJ TI CROSS-LINKING SYSTEMS FOR UNION DYEING WOOL COTTON FABRICS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 68 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200841 ER PT J AU XU, RG HUANG, X KRAMER, KJ HAWLEY, MD AF XU, RG HUANG, X KRAMER, KJ HAWLEY, MD TI IDENTIFICATION OF PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM THE REACTION OF ELECTROCHEMICALLY OXIDIZED DOPAMINE WITH N-ACETYLCYSTEINE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 68 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200349 ER PT J AU LEE, CJ DEMILO, AB WATERS, RM AF LEE, CJ DEMILO, AB WATERS, RM TI A FACILE AND STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF (E)-8-ACETOXY-6-METHYL-6-OCTEN-2-ONE, A KEY INTERMEDIATE FOR LACTONE-DERIVED SEX-PHEROMONES OF THE MEXICAN FRUIT-FLY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 69 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200219 ER PT J AU LEE, CJ DEMILO, AB MORENO, DS MARTINEZ, AJ AF LEE, CJ DEMILO, AB MORENO, DS MARTINEZ, AJ TI IDENTIFICATION OF THE VOLATILE COMPONENTS OF A BACTERIAL-PRODUCED ATTRACTANT FOR THE MEXICAN FRUIT-FLY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PSI,ICEL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,SPA,CP & FIR,WESLACO,TX 78596. USDA,APHIS,PPQ MMDC,EDINBURG,TX 78539. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 70 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200220 ER PT J AU MARAGOS, CM AF MARAGOS, CM TI A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-BASED COMPETITIVE DIRECT ELISA FOR THE HYDROLYSIS PRODUCT OF FUMONISIN-B1 (HFB1) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCAUR,USDA ARS,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 70 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301949 ER PT J AU CHORTYK, OT NOTTINGHAM, SF AF CHORTYK, OT NOTTINGHAM, SF TI NATURAL SUGAR ESTERS AS POTENT WHITEFLY INSECTICIDES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,R B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,PHYTOCHEM RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 71 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200221 ER PT J AU BEIER, RC ROWE, LD NASR, MIA ELISSALDE, MH ROSE, BG STANKER, LH AF BEIER, RC ROWE, LD NASR, MIA ELISSALDE, MH ROSE, BG STANKER, LH TI DETECTION BY A MONOCLONAL-BASED IMMUNOASSAY AND HPLC VALIDATION OF HALOFUGINONE RESIDUES IN CHICKEN SERUM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. VET COLL TANTA UNIV,KAFR EL SHEIKH BRANCH,COLL VET,DEPT PHARMACOL,CAIRO,EGYPT. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 72 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301951 ER PT J AU PUAPOMCHARREON, P ALDRICH, JR AF PUAPOMCHARREON, P ALDRICH, JR TI IDENTIFICATION OF SEMIOCHEMICAL ATTRACTANTS OF ORIUS SPP (HEMIPTERA, ANTHOCORIDAE), PARTICULARLY ORIUS-INSIDIOSUS (SAY) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 72 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200222 ER PT J AU PEPPERMAN, AB KUAN, JCW SELIM, HM AF PEPPERMAN, AB KUAN, JCW SELIM, HM TI RELEASE RATES AND FIELD DATA FOR GRANULAR CONTROLLED-RELEASE FORMULATIONS OF HERBICIDES BASED ON SODIUM-ALGINATE-KAOLIN-LINSEED OIL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 73 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200223 ER PT J AU WAX, LM AF WAX, LM TI IMIDZOLINONE HERBICIDES - IMPACT ON THE FARMER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 79 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200229 ER PT J AU ENG, GY DEMINA, MB AF ENG, GY DEMINA, MB TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A BETA-LACTAM AFFINITY MATRIX SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,WYNDMOOR,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 84 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301963 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, NF JONES, LE MAZENKO, RS MEDINA, MB AF CAMPBELL, NF JONES, LE MAZENKO, RS MEDINA, MB TI AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF AMINOGLYCOSIDES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ERRC,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. UNIV SO ALABAMA,DEPT CHEM,MOBILE,AL 36688. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 85 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301964 ER PT J AU LEBRON, I SUAREZ, DL AF LEBRON, I SUAREZ, DL TI MODELING THE EFFECT OF PCO2 AND CA/CO3 RATIO IN CALCITE PRECIPITATION KINETICS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US SALIN,USDA ARS,RIVERSIDE,CA. RI lebron, Inma/A-4762-2013 OI lebron, Inma/0000-0001-8610-9717 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 86 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202367 ER PT J AU ROSE, BG KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C BEIER, RC STANKER, LH AF ROSE, BG KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C BEIER, RC STANKER, LH TI DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 87 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301966 ER PT J AU JACKS, TJ DELUCCA, AJ BROGDEN, KA AF JACKS, TJ DELUCCA, AJ BROGDEN, KA TI INTERACTION OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE WITH THE ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE CECROPIN-A SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 89 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200089 ER PT J AU MARMER, WM AF MARMER, WM TI PRESERVATION AND TANNING OF ANIMAL HIDES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 90 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301969 ER PT J AU ANDREWS, BAK REINHARDT, RM AF ANDREWS, BAK REINHARDT, RM TI ENHANCED COTTON TEXTILES FROM UTILIZATION RESEARCH SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 93 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301972 ER PT J AU PLATTNER, RD AF PLATTNER, RD TI ANALYTICAL DETERMINATION OF FUMONISINS AND OTHER METABOLITES PRODUCED BY FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME AND RELATED SPECIES ON CORN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 94 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200094 ER PT J AU ELDEFRAWI, M ELDEFRAWI, A EMANUEL, P VALDES, J ROGERS, K JOHNSON, E AF ELDEFRAWI, M ELDEFRAWI, A EMANUEL, P VALDES, J ROGERS, K JOHNSON, E TI IMMUNOSENSORS FOR DETECTION OF CHEMICAL-MIXTURES - ANTIBODY AFFINITIES, SELECTIVITIES AND CLONING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL & EXPTL THERAP,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. USA,EDGEWOOD RD & EC,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. USDA,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 97 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301976 ER PT J AU MARAGOS, CM BENNETT, GA RICHARD, JL AF MARAGOS, CM BENNETT, GA RICHARD, JL TI ANALYSIS OF FUMONISINS IN GRAINS BY CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NCAUR,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 98 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200098 ER PT J AU MEREDITH, FI BACON, CW NORRED, WP AF MEREDITH, FI BACON, CW NORRED, WP TI ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF FUMONISIN B1 AND B2 GROWN ON RICE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30604. USDA ARS,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 100 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200100 ER PT J AU FETT, WF AF FETT, WF TI BIOPOLYMERS FROM FERMENTATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,NAA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 102 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301981 ER PT J AU DOWD, MK FRENCH, AD AF DOWD, MK FRENCH, AD TI MODELING THE PUCKERING OF PYRANOID AND FURANOID RINGS WITH MM3 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 103 EP COMP PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23201864 ER PT J AU WILLETT, JL JASBERG, BK AF WILLETT, JL JASBERG, BK TI EXTRUSION PROCESSING OF THERMOPLASTIC STARCH SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 103 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301982 ER PT J AU GLENN, GM AF GLENN, GM TI LOW-DENSITY, MICROPOROUS STARCH FOAMS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CPU RES UNIT,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 104 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301983 ER PT J AU STANKER, LH BEIER, RC ELISSALDE, MH AF STANKER, LH BEIER, RC ELISSALDE, MH TI IMMUNOASSAY PROCEDURES FOR VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUE ANALYSIS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 104 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200104 ER PT J AU ESKINS, K FANTA, GF FELKER, FC KNUTSON, CA AF ESKINS, K FANTA, GF FELKER, FC KNUTSON, CA TI PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON DRIED FILMS AND AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS OF A NEW STARCH-OIL COMPOSITE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NCAUR,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. USDA ARS,NCAUR,PLANT POLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 105 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301984 ER PT J AU MEDINA, MB AF MEDINA, MB TI LATEX PARTICLE CONCENTRATION FLUORESCENCE ASSAYS FOR RAPID DETECTION OF TRACE LEVELS OF ANTIBIOTICS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 106 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200106 ER PT J AU WONG, DSW CAMIRAND, WM GREGORSKI, KS TILLIN, SJ PAVLATH, AE AF WONG, DSW CAMIRAND, WM GREGORSKI, KS TILLIN, SJ PAVLATH, AE TI EDIBLE FILMS FOR THE EXTENSION OF SHELF-LIFE OF LIGHTLY PROCESSED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 106 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301985 ER PT J AU DESJARDINS, AE PLATTNER, RD PROCTOR, RH AF DESJARDINS, AE PLATTNER, RD PROCTOR, RH TI GENETIC AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF FUMONISIN PRODUCTION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 108 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200108 ER PT J AU BACON, CW HINTON, DM YATES, IE AF BACON, CW HINTON, DM YATES, IE TI PLANT-PATHOGENIC EFFECTS FROM FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 109 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200109 ER PT J AU FISHMAN, ML UNRUH, JJ COOKE, PH AF FISHMAN, ML UNRUH, JJ COOKE, PH TI PECTIN STARCH GLYCEROL FILMS - BLENDS OR MIXTURES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 110 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301636 ER PT J AU BARROWS, SE CRAMER, CJ DULLES, FJ FRENCH, AD TRUHLAR, DG AF BARROWS, SE CRAMER, CJ DULLES, FJ FRENCH, AD TRUHLAR, DG TI QUANTUM-CHEMICAL CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS OF GLUCOSE IN THE GAS-PHASE AND IN SOLUTION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CHEM,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV MINNESOTA,INST SUPERCOMP,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RI Truhlar, Donald/G-7076-2015; Cramer, Christopher/B-6179-2011 OI Truhlar, Donald/0000-0002-7742-7294; Cramer, Christopher/0000-0001-5048-1859 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 111 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200772 ER PT J AU WILLETT, JL AF WILLETT, JL TI SCREW DESIGN EFFECTS IN SINGLE-SCREW EXTRUDER PROCESSING OF THERMOPLASTIC STARCH SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 111 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301637 ER PT J AU MOATS, WA HARIKKHAN, R AF MOATS, WA HARIKKHAN, R TI DETERMINATION OF TETRACYCLINE ANTIBIOTICS IN MILK AND TISSUES USING ION-PAIR LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 114 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200114 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, KL MOATS, WA RUSHING, JE OCARROLL, J AF ANDERSON, KL MOATS, WA RUSHING, JE OCARROLL, J TI MILK RESIDUES FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE (OTC) BY 4 ROUTES IN LACTATING COWS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 115 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200115 ER PT J AU HARIKKHAN, R MOATS, WA AF HARIKKHAN, R MOATS, WA TI INTERFACING HPLC WITH RAPID SCREENING KITS FOR THE DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 118 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200118 ER PT J AU NORRED, WP VOSS, KA RILEY, RT PLATTNER, RD AF NORRED, WP VOSS, KA RILEY, RT PLATTNER, RD TI FUMONISIN TOXICITY AND METABOLISM STUDIES AT THE USDA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30604. USDA ARS,NCAUR,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 120 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200120 ER PT J AU BENNETT, GA RICHARD, JL AF BENNETT, GA RICHARD, JL TI DISTRIBUTION OF FUMONISINS IN FOOD AND FEED PRODUCTS PREPARED FROM CONTAMINATED CORN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NCAUR,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 130 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200130 ER PT J AU SPANIER, AM MILLER, JA AF SPANIER, AM MILLER, JA TI THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE QUALITY OF MUSCLE FOODS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SRRC,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 135 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200135 ER PT J AU SAHA, BC BOTHAST, RJ AF SAHA, BC BOTHAST, RJ TI FUEL ETHANOL-PRODUCTION FROM L-ARABINOSE - CONSTRAINTS, CHALLENGES, CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE-TRENDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 136 EP BIOT PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200586 ER PT J AU TOBIASON, FL HEMINGWAY, RW STEYNBERG, JP AF TOBIASON, FL HEMINGWAY, RW STEYNBERG, JP TI PREDICTING HETEROCYCLIC RING COUPLING-CONSTANTS IN FLAVAN-3-OLS GMMX CONFORMATIONAL SEARCHING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 70983. UNIV ORANGE FREE STATE,DEPT CHEM,BLOEMFONTEIN 9300,SOUTH AFRICA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 138 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23302017 ER PT J AU HOUTMAN, CJ ATALLA, RH AF HOUTMAN, CJ ATALLA, RH TI MOLECULAR ASSOCIATIONS WITHIN THE CELL-WALLS OF WOODY-PLANTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RI Houtman, Carl/I-4469-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 140 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23302019 ER PT J AU BLACKWELL, JH AF BLACKWELL, JH TI REGULATORY APPLICATION OF TEMPERATURE INDICATOR DEVICES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL CTR IMPORT & EXPORT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 145 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200145 ER PT J AU DAVIS, CE TOWNSEND, WE LYON, CE AF DAVIS, CE TOWNSEND, WE LYON, CE TI RAPID FLUORESCENCE SCREENING-TEST FOR PYRUVATE-KINASE ACTIVITY IN CANNED CURED HAM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,RRC,ATHENS,GA 30604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 147 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200147 ER PT J AU DAVIS, CE LYON, CE AF DAVIS, CE LYON, CE TI RAPID FLUOROMETRIC ACID-PHOSPHATASE METHOD FOR VERIFYING END-POINT TEMPERATURE IN COOKED POULTRY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,RRC,ATHENS,GA 30604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 148 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200148 ER PT J AU TIMPA, JD STRIEGEL, AM AF TIMPA, JD STRIEGEL, AM TI SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY OF POLYSACCHARIDES DISSOLVED IN DIMETHYLACETAMIDE LITHIUM-CHLORIDE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. UNIV NEW ORLEANS,DEPT CHEM,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70148. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 168 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200449 ER PT J AU DAILEY, OD DOWLER, CC AF DAILEY, OD DOWLER, CC TI HERBICIDAL EVALUATION OF POLYMERIC MICROCAPSULES OF CYANAZINE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. USDA ARS,NEMATODES WEEDS & CROPS RES UNIT,GEORGIA COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 190 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23202136 ER PT J AU OLIVER, JE KHRIMIAN, AP WATERS, RM PANICKER, S KLUN, JA AF OLIVER, JE KHRIMIAN, AP WATERS, RM PANICKER, S KLUN, JA TI A DIRECT CHIRAL SYNTHESIS OF 2-FLUORO CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS FROM TRICHLOROMETHYL CARBINOLS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. HOWARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 283 EP ORGN PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23300402 ER PT J AU JACKSON, TJ SCHMUGGE, TJ AF JACKSON, TJ SCHMUGGE, TJ TI SURFACE SOIL-MOISTURE MEASUREMENT WITH MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article AB Soil moisture is one of the few directly observable hydrologic variables that has an important role in water and energy budgets necessary for climate studies. At the present time there is no practical approach to measuring and monitoring soil moisture at the frequency and scale necessary for these large scale analyses. Current and near future satellite systems have failed to address this important question. Here, a solution utilizing passive microwave remote sensing is presented. RP JACKSON, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD APR PY 1995 VL 35 IS 7 BP 477 EP 482 DI 10.1016/0094-5765(94)00288-W PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA QX381 UT WOS:A1995QX38100009 ER PT J AU Mune, M Meydani, M JahngenHodge, J Martin, A Smith, D Palmer, V Blumberg, JB Taylor, A AF Mune, M Meydani, M JahngenHodge, J Martin, A Smith, D Palmer, V Blumberg, JB Taylor, A TI Effect of calorie restriction on liver and kidney glutathione in aging emory mice SO AGE LA English DT Article ID DIETARY RESTRICTION; GSH CONTENT; MOUSE; AGE; DISULFIDES; MEMBRANES; CATARACT AB Increases in antioxidant defense capacity have been associated with increases in the health and life span of calorie restricted animals. Emery mice develop late-life cataract, a lesion associated with oxidative damage and loss of lens glutathione (GSH). The effect of calorie restriction on GSH in liver and kidney in this model has not been explored. GSH and oxidized GSH (GSSG) were measured by HPLC in liver and kidney of Emery mice fed a control diet (C; 85% calories of ad-lib fed mice) or 60% calorie intake of C (R; 40% calorie restriction relative to C mice) for up to 22 mo age. Liver GSH concentration increased significantly in C and R mice from 4.5 to 12 mo old with no difference observed between the two groups. At 22 mo of age, liver GSH was lower than that of 12 mo old in both groups. As compared with GSH at 12 mo old, this decrease was almost twice as greater in C (70%, p=0.001) than in R mice (36%, p=0.02), so that R mice had a significantly higher concentration of GSH in liver than C mice at 22 mo of age (R=32.8+/-5.1, C=22.1+/-8.3 imol GSH/g protein, p<0.01). Liver GSSG was similar in C and R mice at 12 mo of age (4.45+/-1.35 vs. 4.75+/-1.83 imol GSSG/g protein), but increased in R mice at 22 mo (R=5.43+/-1.48; C=3.22+/-1.02, p<0.01). Therefore, at 22 mo old, total liver glutathione (GSH+GSSG) was higher in R than in C mice. There was no significant difference in GSH, GSSG and total GSH in kidney from C and R mice at these ages. Thus, calorie restriction reduces the age-related loss of GSH antioxidant capacity in liver but not kidney of Emery mice. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGING ASSOC PI CHESTER PA 2129 PROVIDENCE AVENUE, CHESTER, PA 19013 SN 0161-9152 J9 AGE JI Age PD APR PY 1995 VL 18 IS 2 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1007/BF02432518 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA TK929 UT WOS:A1995TK92900001 ER PT J AU Cosmas, AC Ding, WJ Bronson, RT Lipman, RD Lee, HY Manfredi, TG AF Cosmas, AC Ding, WJ Bronson, RT Lipman, RD Lee, HY Manfredi, TG TI Age and diet alter skeletal muscle tubular aggregates SO AGE LA English DT Article ID EXERCISE; CRAMPS; MICE AB Tubular aggregates (TA's) may comprise the major histopathologic finding in hyperkalemic and normokalemic periodic paralysis. They also constitute a conspicuous morphologic abnormality in a number of myopathies, and have been associated with non-specific muscle myalgias/cramps. Caloric restriction (CR) is an experimental manipulation that increases longevity and reduces lesions in mice as compared to animals fed ad libitum (AL). However, the impact of CR on the dynamics of muscle tissue has not been previously established. In this paper we week to characterize the relationship between tubular aggregates and age and determine whether they are modulated by caloric restriction. We examined the effects of 40% caloric restriction (CR) on fiber damage formation in middle-aged (19 months of age) and older (27 months) mice. We also examined the effects of age and diet restriction on tubular aggregate formation in 12, 24, and 30 month old mice. Tissue blocks from the 19 and 27 month animals were also examined using electron microscopy for qualitative differences in tubular aggregates which may suggest a diet and age effect. There appeared to be no fiber or Z-disc damage attributable to age as assessed by quantitative light microscopy (LM). Age and diet had significant effects on the percent of fibers occupied by tubular aggregates. Qualitative LM revealed that many TA's may not have yet penetrated the sarcolemma in the young animals, and in particular, the young CR mice. The presence of round fibers was evident in the young CR mice whereas fibers were more angular in the AL mice. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. PATHOL & LAB GEN HOSP,RHODE ISL MED CTR,CRANSTON,RI 02920. UNIV RHODE ISL,EXERCISE SCI PROGRAM,KINGSTON,RI 02881. RP Cosmas, AC (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,SCH ALLIED HLTH PROFESS,STORRS,CT 06269, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGING ASSOC PI CHESTER PA 2129 PROVIDENCE AVENUE, CHESTER, PA 19013 SN 0161-9152 J9 AGE JI Age PD APR PY 1995 VL 18 IS 2 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1007/BF02432521 PG 10 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA TK929 UT WOS:A1995TK92900004 ER PT J AU LIPMAN, RD SMITH, DE BRONSON, RT AF LIPMAN, RD SMITH, DE BRONSON, RT TI IS LATE-LIFE CALORIC RESTRICTION BENEFICIAL SO AGING-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AGING; CALORIC RESTRICTION; MORTALITY; RATS AB Caloric restriction initiated in young mice and rats results in increases in mean and median life span. When caloric restriction is implemented in older animals, an increase in life span is still observed; however, the magnitude of the increase is not as great as that observed in animals calorie restricted since they were young. Here we report the results of a pilot study in which caloric restriction was initiated in mature, older rats. Survival rates and terminal pathology were characterized and compared between a cohort of 17 continually ad libitum fed Long Evans rats and a cohort of 18 Long Evans rats, which were gradually introduced to 33% restriction in diet consumption at 18 months of age. No difference in the median life span was observed between the two groups. The data suggest there may be a level of maturity, or a stage in the aging process, after which caloric restriction no longer increases longevity. RP LIPMAN, RD (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG07747] NR 0 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITRICE KURTIS S R L PI MILANO PA VIA LUIGI ZOJA, 30-20153 MILANO, ITALY SN 0394-9532 J9 AGING-CLIN EXP RES JI Aging-Clin. Exp. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 7 IS 2 BP 136 EP 139 PG 4 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA RB052 UT WOS:A1995RB05200008 PM 7548264 ER PT J AU BAUSCH, WC AF BAUSCH, WC TI REMOTE-SENSING OF CROP COEFFICIENTS FOR IMPROVING THE IRRIGATION SCHEDULING OF CORN SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE REMOTE SENSING; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CROP COEFFICIENTS; IRRIGATION SCHEDULING; SIMULATION ID EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Improved irrigation water management requires accurate scheduling of irrigations which in turn requires an accurate calculation of daily crop evapotranspiration (E(t)). Previous work by Neale et al. (1989) and Bausch (1993) have indicated that the reflectance-based crop coefficient (K(er)) for corn responded to crop growth anomalies and should improve irrigation scheduling. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a new procedure for using the K(cr) in irrigation scheduling and present results of simulations comparing different basal crop coefficient (K(eb)) curves for corn to evaluate their effects on estimated crop E(t). Irrigation scheduling simulations were performed using SCHED, the USDA-ARS Irrigation Scheduling Program, and three K(eb) curves (the one in SCHED, Wright's (1982) tabular data, and the K(cr)-based K(cb)). Simulated crop water use using the K(cb) curve in SCHED was considerably greater during vegetative growth (60 to 100 mm) than simulated crop water use using Wright's K(cb) or the K(cr) derived K(cb) curves for three growing seasons. Crop water use between the K(cr)- based K(cb) and Wright's K(cb) were different by approximately 20 mm each growing season. Crop water use was less in 1990 and 1992 for the K(cr) derived curve and greater for 1991; crop development was directly responsible for the differences. Although the differences between the Wright and K(cr) basal crop curves were minimal, irrigations with the K(cr)-based K(cb) were more appropriately timed. Irrigations that are correctly timed minimize overirrigation as well as underirrigation. RP BAUSCH, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NAT RESOURCES RES CTR,WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 21 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD APR PY 1995 VL 27 IS 1 BP 55 EP 68 DI 10.1016/0378-3774(95)01125-3 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA RE384 UT WOS:A1995RE38400006 ER PT J AU CONWAY, JM YANOVSKI, SZ AVILA, NA HUBBARD, VS AF CONWAY, JM YANOVSKI, SZ AVILA, NA HUBBARD, VS TI VISCERAL ADIPOSE-TISSUE DIFFERENCES IN BLACK-AND-WHITE WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE OBESITY; BODY COMPOSITION; REGIONAL ADIPOSITY; COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; ETHNICITY ID BODY-MASS INDEX; FAT DISTRIBUTION; BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE; HEALTH RISKS; SERUM-LIPIDS; MEN BORN; OBESITY; ANTHROPOMETRY; POPULATION; MORTALITY AB Fat distribution and metabolic variables were studied in 8 black and 10 white age- and weight-matched obese women undergoing a 6-mo weight-reducing regimen. Fat patterning was determined by using anthropometry and computed tomography to quantitate total, subcutaneous, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) areas at the L2-L3 and L4-L5 levels of the lumbar spine, before, during, and after a modified fast. Black women had smaller depots of VAT than white women at both the L2-L3 (P = 0.004) and L4-L5 (P = 0.054) sites. Differences persisted after an average 17.2-kg weight loss. Although waist-hip ratio was similar in both groups, black women had 23% less VAT than white women (P = 0.007). Black women had significantly lower plasma glucose (P = 0.031) and triglycerides (P = 0.006) with significantly higher plasma high-density-lipoprotein concentrations (P < 0.001). Data from this study suggest that racial differences exist in VAT and metabolic risk factors for obesity-related illness. C1 NIDDKD,NIMH,DEPT CLIN RADIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP CONWAY, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,DHPL,BLDG 308,ROOM 101,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 38 TC 198 Z9 201 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1995 VL 61 IS 4 BP 765 EP 771 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QQ342 UT WOS:A1995QQ34200004 PM 7702017 ER PT J AU LUKASKI, HC MOMCILOVIC, B LYKKEN, GI SIDERS, WA GALLAGHER, SK KLEVAY, LM AF LUKASKI, HC MOMCILOVIC, B LYKKEN, GI SIDERS, WA GALLAGHER, SK KLEVAY, LM TI DECREASED BONE-MINERAL CONTENT AND ALTERED RADIOCALCIUM UTILIZATION IN OBESE WOMEN DURING WEIGHT-LOSS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1995 VL 61 IS 4 BP 892 EP 892 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QQ342 UT WOS:A1995QQ34200027 ER PT J AU KOPP, LE VANLOAN, MD WONG, WW KING, JC AF KOPP, LE VANLOAN, MD WONG, WW KING, JC TI COMPOSITION OF GESTATIONAL WEIGHT-GAIN AND RELATIONSHIP TO PREGNANCY OUTCOME - A LONGITUDINAL-STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. USDA,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1995 VL 61 IS 4 BP 893 EP 893 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QQ342 UT WOS:A1995QQ34200033 ER PT J AU LEE, MF RUSSELL, RM MONTGOMERY, RK GRAND, RJ KRASINSKI, SD AF LEE, MF RUSSELL, RM MONTGOMERY, RK GRAND, RJ KRASINSKI, SD TI LACTASE BIOSYNTHESIS IN AGED RATS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,MEDFORD,MA 02155. TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,BOSTON,MA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1995 VL 61 IS 4 BP 894 EP 894 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QQ342 UT WOS:A1995QQ34200042 ER PT J AU ECONOMOS, C NELSON, M FIATARONE, M YASUMURA, S HEYMSFIELD, S DALLAL, G VASWANI, A PIERSON, R AF ECONOMOS, C NELSON, M FIATARONE, M YASUMURA, S HEYMSFIELD, S DALLAL, G VASWANI, A PIERSON, R TI IN-VIVO CROSS COMPARISON OF 3 DXA INSTRUMENTS FOR SOFT-TISSUE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. ST LUKES ROOSEVELT HOSP,NEW YORK,NY 10025. WINTHROP UNIV HOSP,MINEOLA,NY 11501. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1995 VL 61 IS 4 BP 895 EP 895 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QQ342 UT WOS:A1995QQ34200043 ER PT J AU RIBAYAMERCADO, JD JACQUES, PF RUSSELL, RM AF RIBAYAMERCADO, JD JACQUES, PF RUSSELL, RM TI CORRELATIONS OF PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS WITH INTAKES AND PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS OF CAROTENOIDS AND VITAMIN-E IN ELDERLY WOMEN AND MEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1995 VL 61 IS 4 BP 898 EP 898 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QQ342 UT WOS:A1995QQ34200061 ER PT J AU OPEKUN, AR MOTIL, KJ JAHOOR, F AF OPEKUN, AR MOTIL, KJ JAHOOR, F TI 2 METHODS TO MEASURE THE RATE OF APPEARANCE OF CARBON-DIOXIDE (RACO2) DIFFER IN YOUNG-CHILDREN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. USDA ARS,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1995 VL 61 IS 4 BP 902 EP 902 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QQ342 UT WOS:A1995QQ34200089 ER PT J AU FORMAN, MR MUESING, R BEECHER, GR LANZA, E GRAUBARD, BI SCHULMAN, J AF FORMAN, MR MUESING, R BEECHER, GR LANZA, E GRAUBARD, BI SCHULMAN, J TI A CONTROLLED DIET STUDY OF PLASMA CAROTENOIDS, LIPIDS, AND HORMONES DURING THE MENSTRUAL-CYCLE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,WASHINGTON,DC. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. GENET & IVF INST,FAIRFAX,VA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1995 VL 61 IS 4 BP 903 EP 903 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QQ342 UT WOS:A1995QQ34200094 ER PT J AU KOPP, LE VANLOAN, MD MENTZER, WC HEYMAN, MB AF KOPP, LE VANLOAN, MD MENTZER, WC HEYMAN, MB TI EVIDENCE FOR A METABOLIC FACTOR IN GROWTH-RETARDATION OF CHILDREN WITH SICKLE-CELL-ANEMIA (SCA) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT PEDIAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. USDA,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1995 VL 61 IS 4 BP 905 EP 905 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QQ342 UT WOS:A1995QQ34200105 ER PT J AU HUNT, JR MATTHYS, LA LYKKEN, GI AF HUNT, JR MATTHYS, LA LYKKEN, GI TI REDUCED ZINC-ABSORPTION FROM A LACTO-OVO-VEGETARIAN DIET SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1995 VL 61 IS 4 BP 908 EP 908 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QQ342 UT WOS:A1995QQ34200124 ER PT J AU TURNLUND, JR KEYES, WR PEIFFER, GL AF TURNLUND, JR KEYES, WR PEIFFER, GL TI COPPER ABSORPTION AND RETENTION FROM DIETS LOW AND ADEQUATE IN COPPER SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1995 VL 61 IS 4 BP 908 EP 908 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QQ342 UT WOS:A1995QQ34200126 ER PT J AU KLEVAY, LM GALLAGHER, SK HOVERSON, BS LUKASKI, HC MILNE, DB AF KLEVAY, LM GALLAGHER, SK HOVERSON, BS LUKASKI, HC MILNE, DB TI THE COPPER REQUIREMENT OF WOMEN LOSING WEIGHT EXCEEDS 1.23 MG/DAY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1995 VL 61 IS 4 BP 909 EP 909 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QQ342 UT WOS:A1995QQ34200127 ER PT J AU HICKSON, RC CZERWINSKI, SM WEGRZYN, LE AF HICKSON, RC CZERWINSKI, SM WEGRZYN, LE TI GLUTAMINE PREVENTS DOWN-REGULATION OF MYOSIN HEAVY-CHAIN SYNTHESIS AND MUSCLE ATROPHY FROM GLUCOCORTICOIDS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; AMINO ACID; FAST-TWITCH MUSCLE; PLANTARIS MUSCLE; FEMALE RATS ID RAT SKELETAL-MUSCLE; INTRACELLULAR GLUTAMINE; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; NITROGEN-BALANCE; SURGICAL TRAUMA; AMINO-ACID; EXPRESSION; SYNTHETASE; TURNOVER; EXERCISE AB The aims of this study were to determine whether glutamine infusion prevents the decline in protein synthesis and muscle wasting associated with repeated glucocorticoid treatment. Hormone (cortisol acetate, 100 mg.kg body wt(-1).day(-1)) and vehicle (carboxymethyl cellulose)-treated female rats were infused with either saline or glutamine (240 mM, 0.75 ml/h) for a 7-day period. Glutamine infusion attenuated the decline of plantaris muscle glutamine concentration (3.0 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.3 +/- 0.2 mu mol/g) and prevented > 70% of the total muscle mass losses due to the glucocorticoid injections. Fractional synthesis rates of myosin heavy chain (MHC) and total protein were determined after constant [H-3]leucine infusion from the leucyl-tRNA precursor pool, which was similar in all groups (range 4.8 +/- 0.5 to 6.3 +/- 0.4 disintegrations min(-1).pmol(-1)). MHC synthesis rates (%/day) in plantaris muscles were reduced to similar to 40% of controls (4.2/9.4). Although glutamine had no effect on MHC synthesis in vehicle-treated animals (10.1/9.4), it prevented 50% (7.6/4.2) of the hormone-induced decline in MHC synthesis rates. The same results were obtained with total protein synthesis measurements. Changes in muscle mass did not appear related to-estimates of protein breakdown. In conclusion, these data show that glutamine infusion is effective therapy in counteracting glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy. Atrophy attenuation appears related to maintaining muscle glutamine levels, which in turn may limit the glucocorticoid-mediated downregulation of MHC synthesis. C1 USDA ARS, INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI, GROWTH BIOL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP HICKSON, RC (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS, SCH KINESIOL MC194, 901 W ROOSEVELT RD, CHICAGO, IL 60608 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-39496] NR 24 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD APR PY 1995 VL 268 IS 4 BP E730 EP E734 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA QR801 UT WOS:A1995QR80100025 PM 7733273 ER PT J AU WHIPPLE, DL BOLIN, CA DAVIS, AJ JARNAGIN, JL JOHNSON, DC NABORS, RS PAYEUR, JB SAARI, DA WILSON, AJ WOLF, MM AF WHIPPLE, DL BOLIN, CA DAVIS, AJ JARNAGIN, JL JOHNSON, DC NABORS, RS PAYEUR, JB SAARI, DA WILSON, AJ WOLF, MM TI COMPARISON OF THE SENSITIVITY OF THE CAUDAL FOLD SKIN-TEST AND A COMMERCIAL GAMMA-INTERFERON ASSAY FOR DIAGNOSIS OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CATTLE AB A study to determine and compare the sensitivity of the caudal fold tuberculin test (CFT) and a commercial gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) assay for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis was conducted. A dairy herd with approximately a third of the cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis was chosen for this study. AU cattle from this herd were slaughtered and tissue specimens for bacteriologic culturing and histologic examination were collected. Results of the CFT and gamma-IFN assay were compared with results of bacteriologic culturing and histologic examination to determine test sensitivity. Results were analyzed, using each of the following 4 standards to classify cattle as infected: positive test result by bacteriologic culturing only; histologic examination only; bacteriologic culturing and histologic examination; and bacteriologic culturing or histologic examination. Sensitivity of the CFT ranged from 80.4 to 84.4%, depending on the standard of comparison. Sensitivity of the gamma-IFN assay ranged from 55.4 to 97.1%, depending on the standard of comparison and on the method of interpretation. The CFT was significantly (P < 0.001) more sensitive than the gamma-IFN assay for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis when the gamma-IFN assay was conducted and interpreted as instructed by the manufacturer. Maximum overall sensitivity was achieved when results of the CFT and gamma-IFN assay were interpreted in parallel. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,PATHOBIOL LAB,AMES,IA 50010. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,DIAGNOST BACTERIOL LAB,AMES,IA 50010. STATE FED DIAGNOST LAB,AUSTIN,TX 78751. RP WHIPPLE, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,LEPTOSPIROSIS MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 18 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 56 IS 4 BP 415 EP 419 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QQ347 UT WOS:A1995QQ34700002 PM 7785813 ER PT J AU WORKU, M PAAPE, MJ DICARLO, A KEHRLI, ME MARQUARDT, WW AF WORKU, M PAAPE, MJ DICARLO, A KEHRLI, ME MARQUARDT, WW TI COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C3B AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN FC-RECEPTORS ON NEUTROPHILS FROM CALVES WITH LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; PHAGOCYTOSIS; MAC-1; MACROPHAGES; EXPRESSION; INVITRO; DEFECT; IGG2; IGM AB Receptors for opsonins, such as complement component C3b (CR1) and immunoglobulins, Fc receptors, interact with adhesion glycoproteins in mediating immune functions. Defects in expression of the adhesion glycoproteins CD11/CD18 results in severely hampered in vitro and in vivo adherence-related functions of leukocytes. Little is known regarding the effect of leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) on ligand binding and receptor expression. We investigated the binding and expression of CR1 and Fc receptors by bovine neutrophils isolated from dairy calves suffering from LAD, compared with clinically normal (hereafter referred to as normal) age-matched calves. Neutrophils were also assayed for endogenously bound IgG and IgM and for exogenous binding of C3b, IgG(1), IgG(2), IgM, and aggregated IgG (aIgG), using flow cytometry. Luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) production in response to IgG(2) opsonized zymosan was studied, and specific inhibition of ct was used to determine the specificity of IgG(2) binding. Activation of protein kinase C with phorbol myristate acetate was used to determine the effect of cellular activation on expression of CR1. A greater percentage of neutrophils from normal calves bound C3b than did neutrophils from LAD-affected calves. Receptor expression was similar. Activation with phorbol myristate acetate resulted in increased expression of CR1 on neutrophils from normal and LAD-affected calves, but expression was almost twofold greater on neutrophils from normal calves. There was no difference between LAD-affected and normal calves in percentage of neutrophils that bound endogenous IgG and IgM. A greater percent age of neutrophils from normal calves bound exogenous IgM than did neutrophils from LAD-affected calves. Receptor expression for aIgG was greater on neutrophils from LAD-affected calves than on those from normal calves. Luminol-enhanced ct of neutrophils in response to IgG(2) opsonized zymosan was not different between LAD-affected and normal calves. Results indicate increased binding and expression of Fc receptors for aIgG and decreased binding and expression for C3b and IgM on neutrophils from calves with LAD. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency may be compounded by added defects in the expression and binding of receptors for opsonins, such as C3b and IgM. C1 USDA ARS,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,VIRGINIA MARYLAND REG COLL VET MED,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 56 IS 4 BP 435 EP 439 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QQ347 UT WOS:A1995QQ34700006 PM 7785817 ER PT J AU SQUIRES, JR ANDERSON, SH AF SQUIRES, JR ANDERSON, SH TI TRUMPETER SWAN (CYGNUS BUCCINATOR) FOOD-HABITS IN THE GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID BODY-COMPOSITION; CANADA GEESE; WATERFOWL; REPRODUCTION AB We documented the winter, spring and summer food habits of trumpeter swans (Cygnus baccinator) in the greater Yellowstone area (the intersection of Idaho, Montana and Wyoming) and studied the diet preference of nesting swans. Although 23 foods were detected in trumpeter swan diets during the winter, spring and summer, only 8 contributed at least 3% to the diet during any one season (Table 1). Dominant foods (over 10% of the diet in at least one season) included Chara spp. (21.7%, 4.1%, mean, se), Elodea canadensis (11.4%, 3.1), Potamogeton spp. (32.3%, 4.2), and Potamogeton pectinatus tubers (15.7%, 3.6). Potamogeton pectinatus tubers were highly preferred by swans and tuber consumption significantly (P = 0.03) increased from winter (23.4%, 10.5) to spring (38.5%, 10.0). The primary food in summer was Potamogeton foliage which accounted for 48.2% of the summer diet. Nesting trumpeter swans significantly (P = 0.039) prefer Potamogeton spp. when it was available at feeding sites within their territories. Chara spp, was eaten in proportion to its availability, and swans avoided eating Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum exalbescens. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WYOMING COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP SQUIRES, JR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,222 S 22ND ST,LARAMIE,WY 82070, USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 1995 VL 133 IS 2 BP 274 EP 282 DI 10.2307/2426391 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QX019 UT WOS:A1995QX01900008 ER PT J AU LULAI, EC ORR, PH AF LULAI, EC ORR, PH TI POROMETRIC MEASUREMENTS INDICATE WOUND SEVERITY AND TUBER MATURITY AFFECT THE EARLY STAGES OF WOUND-HEALING SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MATURITY; PERIDERM; POROMETRY; TUBER; WOUND-HEALING ID POTATO-TUBER; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; ABSCISIC-ACID; SOFT ROT; SUBERIN; TISSUE; STIMULATION; RESISTANCE; PERIDERM; SUBERIZATION AB We demonstrated that porometrically derived wound-healing profiles of whole tubers were greatly affected by the depth or severity of the wound. A rapid decrease in water vapor conductance was detected during the first 24 h of healing after mature, whole tubers were wounded by tangentially cutting into the cortex. The rapid decline in vapor conductance, indicating deposition of soluble waxes, was not concurrent with detectable deposition of polymeric phenolic or polymeric aliphatic components of the suberin polyester; instead these polymerized components were detected after vapor conductance decreased by approximately 80% and was nearly stable. The rate of decline of vapor conductance of wound-healing tubers was hormonally hastened with abscisic acid treatments. Although deeper tangential wounds (3.0 mm) had slower initial rates of wound-healing than did shallow wounds (0.75 mm) through tuber growth and maturation, the ability to wound-heal more rapidly increased as the tubers matured in the field. The vapor conductance of wound healing tubers declined in a log-linear fashion during the first 1 to 3 days after wounding depending upon tuber maturity and genotype. RP LULAI, EC (reprint author), USDA ARS,RED RIVER VALLEY POTATO RES LAB,E GRAND FORKS,MN 56721, USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD APR PY 1995 VL 72 IS 4 BP 225 EP 241 DI 10.1007/BF02855038 PG 17 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QT505 UT WOS:A1995QT50500003 ER PT J AU KLEINHENZ, MD BAMBERG, JB PALTA, JP AF KLEINHENZ, MD BAMBERG, JB PALTA, JP TI USE OF STOMATAL INDEX AS A MARKER TO SCREEN BACKCROSS POPULATIONS OF 2 WILD POTATO SPECIES SEGREGATING FOR FREEZING TOLERANCE SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BREEDING; MORPHOLOGY; ANATOMY; LEA; GAS EXCHANGE ID PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE; PHOTOINHIBITION; LIGHT AB The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in stomatal index among backcross progeny of Solanum commersonii (freezing tolerant) and Solanum cardiophyllum (freezing sensitive) to assess the feasibility of using this trait as a marker for screening Solanum populations for freezing tolerance. Measurements were taken on three terminal fully-expanded leaflets per genotype by completing microscopic examination of epidermal impressions made in partially dissolved cellophane tape. Freezing tolerance was estimated in parallel studies on the same plant material. Values of SI were significantly greater (Fisher T-test, 0.05) for the S. cmm. group (parent + backcross progeny) compared with the S. cph, group. Stomatal index of the F-I was significantly greater than SI of S, cph. parents and similar to S. cmm. parents, Values of SI for both backcross progenies were greater than parental values. Non-acclimated relative freezing tolerance values were in the following order: S. cmm. parents > S. cmm, backcrosses > F-I > S. cph, backcrosses > S. cph, parents. Stomatal index values followed a similar pattern with the exception S, cmm. backcross > S. cmm. parents, These data suggest: a) increased SI is inherited as a dominant trait, b) SI may be a useful screening marker in breeding programs interested in improving freezing tolerance. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,POTATO INTRODUCT STN,STURGEON BAY,WI 54235. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD APR PY 1995 VL 72 IS 4 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.1007/BF02855039 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QT505 UT WOS:A1995QT50500004 ER PT J AU HINTON, A HUME, ME AF HINTON, A HUME, ME TI ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE METABOLIC BY-PRODUCTS OF A VEILLONELLA SPECIES AND BACTEROIDES-FRAGILIS SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE ACETATE; BACTEROIDES; ENTEROPATHOGENS; PROPIONATE; SUCCINATE; VEILLONELLA ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; MICE; COLONIZATION; INHIBITION; BACTERIA; CHICKENS AB A Veillonella species and Bacteroides fragilis were isolated from the cecal contents of adult chickens. When growth on an agar medium supplemented with 0.4% glucose and adjusted to pH 6.5, mixed cultures containing Veillonella and B. fragilis inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Decreasing the glucose concentration of the agar decreased the inhibitory activity of the mixed culture. Mixed cultures grown on agar media supplemented with 0.5% glucose and adjusted to pH 6.5, 7.0 or 7.5 also inhibited the growth of S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, E. coli O157:H7 and P. aeruginosa: However, increasing the pH of the agar decreased the inhibitory activity of the mixed culture. Pure cultures of Veillonella or B. fragilis did not inhibit the growth of S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, E. coli O157:H7 or P. aeruginosa on any of the agar supplemented with different concentrations of glucose or on any of the agar adjusted to different pH levels. The inhibitory activity of the mixed culture was correlated with the concentration of volatile fatty acids that were formed as B. fragilis metabolized glucose to produce succinate and acetate and as the succinate produced by B, fragilis was decarboxylated by Veillonella to produce propionate. C1 AUBURN UNIV, ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB, COLLEGE STN, TX 77845 USA. RP HINTON, A (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV, DEPT BOT & MICROBIOL, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 EI 1095-8274 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD APR PY 1995 VL 1 IS 2 BP 121 EP 127 DI 10.1006/anae.1995.1007 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RV865 UT WOS:A1995RV86500007 PM 16887516 ER PT J AU BREWSTER, JD LIGHTFIELD, AR BERMEL, PL AF BREWSTER, JD LIGHTFIELD, AR BERMEL, PL TI STORAGE AND IMMOBILIZATION OF PHOTOSYSTEM-II REACTION CENTERS USED IN AN ASSAY FOR HERBICIDES SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note AB Significant improvements in a previously described method for detection of herbicides at nanogram per milliliter concentrations are described. The activity of photosystem II reaction centers from spinach thylakoids was extended from hours to over 6 months by rapid freezing and storage at -70 degrees C in appropriate cryoprotection media. Freeze-dried reaction centers were also stable for at least 3 months at 4 degrees C. Reaction centers immobilized in calcium alginate gels retained activity for 1 week at 4 degrees C, and immobilization permitted optical and chemical interference by milli samples to be eliminated. RP BREWSTER, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 7 BP 1296 EP 1299 DI 10.1021/ac00103a024 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA QP657 UT WOS:A1995QP65700028 ER PT J AU LEVIN, I CHENG, HH BAXTERJONES, C HILLEL, J AF LEVIN, I CHENG, HH BAXTERJONES, C HILLEL, J TI TURKEY MICROSATELLITE DNA LOCI AMPLIFIED BY CHICKEN-SPECIFIC PRIMERS SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Note DE CHICKEN; GENETIC; MARKER; MICROSATELLITE; PCR; POLYMORPHISM; TURKEY ID EUKARYOTIC GENOMES; SEQUENCES; MARKERS; REPEAT; SITES AB Forty-eight primer-pairs complementary to unique DNA sequences flanking chicken (genus Gallus) genomic (TG)(n) microsatellite repeats were previously designed. These primer-pairs were used in the polymerase chain reaction to amplify turkey (genus Meleagris) genomic DNA loci. Results indicated that the majority (92%) of these primer-pairs generated amplification products in turkey genomic DNA. Hybridization using end-labelled (TG)8 as a probe showed that, out of 41 primer-pairs tested, only 14 generated an amplification product that also contained a detectable (TG)(n) microsatellite repeat when turkey DNA was the template. Among 18 primer-pairs tested for polymorphism, using three commercial turkey lines, five were found to exhibit length polymorphism, three of which did not contain a detectable TG(8) repeat. Therefore, a significant portion of chicken microsatellite markers can be useful for genomic mapping and linkage analysis in the turkey, reducing the costs involved in producing turkey-specific microsatellite markers. C1 HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,ANIM BREEDING & GENET LAB,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. BRITISH UNITED TURKEYS AMER,LEWISBURG,WV 24901. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 1995 VL 26 IS 2 BP 107 EP 110 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA QT446 UT WOS:A1995QT44600008 ER PT J AU CAREY, AB CORNISH, K SCHRANK, P WARD, B SIMON, R AF CAREY, AB CORNISH, K SCHRANK, P WARD, B SIMON, R TI CROSS-REACTIVITY OF ALTERNATE PLANT SOURCES OF LATEX IN SUBJECTS WITH SYSTEMIC IGE-MEDIATED SENSITIVITY TO HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS LATEX SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTACT URTICARIA; SURGICAL GLOVES; RUBBER; PREVALENCE; ANAPHYLAXIS; ALLERGY; HYPERSENSITIVITY; SENSITIZATION; CHILDREN; ANTIGENS AB Background: Previous studies have suggested that there is cross-reactivity in subjects sensitive to natural rubber proteins with other plant proteins such as banana, chestnut, and avocado. There are numerous other plants known to produce rubber including Parthenium argentatum and Ficus elastica. It is not known whether patients with IgE-mediated systemic reactions caused by the common source of natural rubber Hevea brasiliensis are also sensitive to the rubber-containing material from these other plant sources of latex. It is also not certain how much the allergenicity of latex made from Hevea brasiliensis can be reduced by extracting proteins from the sap since some proteins are tightly associated with the cis-1,4-polyisoprene. Objective: In this study we investigated whether there would be cross-reactivity to other natural sources of latex in these patients. Methods: Seven patients with histories of systemic type I hypersensitivity to latex products had strongly positive skin tests to Hevea brasiliensis latex from two different sources. These subjects were tested by the prick method for sensitivity to three other natural sources of latex. These included latex-containing material from Parthenium argentatum and Ficus elastica as well as washed and centrifuged rubber particles from Hevea brasiliensis sap. Results: All subjects had negative skin tests to all dilutions of the rubber samples from these other natural sources of latex. Conclusion: These results suggest several potential sources of natural hypoallergenic latex that might be tolerated by latex-sensitive individuals. C1 WOODLAND CLIN, WOODLAND, CA USA. USDA, ALBANY, CA USA. SCRIPPS RES INST, LA JOLLA, CA USA. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 74 IS 4 BP 317 EP 320 PG 4 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA QU578 UT WOS:A1995QU57800008 PM 7719892 ER PT J AU BUNCE, JA AF BUNCE, JA TI EFFECTS OF ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION IN THE DARK ON THE GROWTH OF SOYBEAN SEEDLINGS SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE MAX L (MERR); CARBON DIOXIDE; PLANT GROWTH; RESPIRATION ID RESPIRATION; TEMPERATURE AB Previous work has shown that elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the dark reversibly reduce the rate of CO2 efflux from soybeans. Experiments were performed exposing soybean plants continually to concentrations of 350 or 700 cm(3) m(-3) for 24 h d(-1), or to 350 during the day and 700 cm(3) m(-3) at night, in order to determine the importance of the reduced rate of dark CO2 efflux for plant growth. High CO2 applied only at night conserved carbon and increased dry mass during initial growth compared with the constant 350 cm(3) m-3 treatment. Long-term net assimilation rate was increased by high CO2 in the dark, without any increase in daytime leaf photosynthesis. However, leaf area ratio was reduced by the dark CO2 treatment to values equal to those of plants continually exposed to the higher concentration. From days 14-21, leaf area was less for the elevated night-time CO2 treatment than for either the constant 350 or 700 cm(3) m(-3) treatments. For the day 7-21-period, relative growth rate was significantly reduced by the high night CO2 treatment compared with the 350 cm(3) m(-3) continuous treatment. The results indicate that some functionally significant component of respiration was reduced by the elevated CO2 concentration in the dark. RP BUNCE, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD APR PY 1995 VL 75 IS 4 BP 365 EP 368 DI 10.1006/anbo.1995.1034 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RA010 UT WOS:A1995RA01000005 ER PT J AU ZHAO, T DOYLE, MP SHERE, J GARBER, L AF ZHAO, T DOYLE, MP SHERE, J GARBER, L TI PREVALENCE OF ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 IN A SURVEY OF DAIRY HERDS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CATTLE; VEROTOXIN-1; RESERVOIR; INFECTION; SEROTYPE; ONTARIO; FOOD AB The prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dairy herds is poorly understood, even though young dairy animals have been reported to be a host. From February to May 1993, 662 fecal samples from 50 control herds in 14 states, and from June to August 1993, 303 fecal samples from 14 case herds in 11 states were collected for isolation off. coli O157:H7. Case herds were those in which E, coli O157:H7 was isolated from preweaned calves in a previous U.S. Department of Agriculture study, whereas control herds from which E. coli O157:H7 had not been isolated previously were randomly selected from the same states as case herds. Among the control herds, E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from 6 of 399 calves (1.5%) that were between 24 hold and the age of weaning and from 13 of 263 calves (4.9%) that were between the ages of weaning and 1 months. Eleven of 50 control herds (22%) were positive. Among the case herds, E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from 5 of 171 calves (2.9%) that were between 24 hold and the age of weaning and from 7 of 132 calves (5.3%) that were between the ages of weaning and 4 months. Seven of 14 case herds (50%) were positive. Sixteen of 31 isolates were obtained by direct plating, with populations ranging from 10(3) to 10(5) CFU/g. Fifteen of 31 isolates were isolated by enrichment only. Nineteen of the isolates produced both verocytotoxin 1 (VT-1) and VT-2, whereas 12 produced VT-2 only. C1 UNIV GEORGIA, CTR FOOD SAFETY & QUAL ENHANCEMENT, GRIFFIN, GA 30223 USA. UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL, GRIFFIN, GA 30223 USA. USDA, VET SERV, ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV, MADISON, WI 53719 USA. USDA, CTR EPIDEMIOL, ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA. USDA, CTR ANIM HLTH, ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 USA. NR 24 TC 282 Z9 290 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1290 EP 1293 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA QQ362 UT WOS:A1995QQ36200018 PM 7747951 ER PT J AU KUDVA, IT HATFIELD, PG HOVDE, CJ AF KUDVA, IT HATFIELD, PG HOVDE, CJ TI EFFECT OF DIET ON THE SHEDDING OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 IN A SHEEP MODEL SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHIGA-LIKE-TOXIN; HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; RUMEN CONTENTS; CATTLE; COLONIZATION; DIARRHEA; SEROTYPE; CALVES AB The purpose of this study was to develop a sheep model to investigate reproduction, transmission, and shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ruminants. In addition, we investigated the effect of diet change on these parameters. Six groups of twin lambs given oral inoculations of 10(5) or 10(9) CFU of E. coli O157:H7 and their nondosed mothers were monitored for colonization by culture of fecal samples. A modified selective-enrichment protocol that detected E. coli O157:H7 at levels as low as 0.06 CFU per g of ovine feces was developed, Horizontal transmission of infection occurred between the lambs and most of the nondosed mothers. When animals were kept in confinement and given alfalfa pellet feed, lambs receiving the higher dose shed the bacteria sooner and longer than all other animals. However, when the animals were released onto a sagebrush-bunchgrass range, every animal, regardless of its previous status (dosed at one of the inoculum levels tested or nondosed) shed E. coli O157:H7 uniformly. Shedding persisted for 15 days, after which all animals tested negative. E. coli O157:H7 reproduction and transmission and the combined effect of diet change and feed withholding were also investigated in a pilot study with experimentally inoculated rams. Withholding feed induced animals to shed the bacteria either by triggering growth of E. coli O157:H7 present in the intestines or by increasing susceptibility to infection. Introduction of a dietary change with brief starvation caused uniform shedding and clearance of E. coli O157:H7, and all animals then tested negative for the bacteria. This work suggests that appropriate preharvest management to control diet may significantly reduce the risk of E. coli O157:H7-positive animals going to slaughter. C1 UNIV IDAHO, DEPT MICROBIOL MOLEC BIOL & BIOCHEM, MOSCOW, ID 83843 USA. USDA ARS, US SHEEP EXPT STN, DUBOIS, ID 83423 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI33981] NR 36 TC 127 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1363 EP 1370 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA QQ362 UT WOS:A1995QQ36200030 PM 7747956 ER PT J AU CRAY, WC MOON, HW AF CRAY, WC MOON, HW TI EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION OF CALVES AND ADULT CATTLE WITH ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; DAIRY-CATTLE; RESERVOIR; DIARRHEA; COLONIZATION; SEROTYPES; STRAINS; DISEASE; TOXINS AB Preweaned calves and adult cattle were inoculated with 10(10) CFU of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain 3081, a calf isolate which produces Shiga-like toxin, to define the magnitude and duration of fecal shedding of E. coli O157:1-17 for each age group. Fecal samples of eight of eight, eight of eight, three of eight, and two of eight calves were positive at 2, 7, 14, and 20 weeks, respectively. In contrast, nine of nine, two of nine, and one of nine steers were positive at 2, 7, and 14 weeks, respectively. The magnitude of shedding (CFU per gram) by individual animals at any one time postinoculation varied widely within each age group but was greater for calves as a group. The differences in shedding patterns between adults and calves were statistically significant. After inoculation, 25 of 29 animals remained healthy and 4 of 17 calves had transient diarrhea. Histologic sections of the brain, kidney, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon taken at necropsy from nine calves either 3, 14, or 18 days postinoculation or three adults either 2, 3, or 4 days postinoculation were normal. E. coli O157:H7 was recovered from the alimentary tracts of all of the animals necropsied, and there was no evidence of spread to the liver, spleen, or kidneys. Four calves that had ceased shedding were reinfected when inoculated again with the same strain. E. coli O157:H7 was recovered from none of five and two of five adults inoculated with 10(4) and 10(7) CFU, respectively. If one assumes that the E. coli strain and cattle used in this study are representative of the larger populations encountered in the field, then these observations suggest the following conclusions. (i) Fecal shedding of toxigenic E. coli O157:H7 varies widely among animals of the same age group but persists longer in calves than in adults. (ii) E. coli O157:H7 does not spread from the alimentary tract to other organs. (iii) Previous infection does not prevent reinfection by the same strain of E. coli O157:H7. (iv) The infectious dose of in vitro-grown E. coli O157:1-17 for normal adult cattle is high (>10(4) and probably greater than or equal to 10(7) CFU). (v) Most cattle infected with E. coli O157:H7 remain clinically normal. RP CRAY, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOL RES UNIT,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 39 TC 275 Z9 281 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1586 EP 1590 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA QQ362 UT WOS:A1995QQ36200064 PM 7747972 ER PT J AU AKIN, DE RIGSBY, LL SETHURAMAN, A MORRISON, WH GAMBLE, GR ERIKSSON, KEL AF AKIN, DE RIGSBY, LL SETHURAMAN, A MORRISON, WH GAMBLE, GR ERIKSSON, KEL TI ALTERATIONS IN STRUCTURE, CHEMISTRY, AND BIODEGRADABILITY OF GRASS LIGNOCELLULOSE TREATED WITH THE WHITE-ROT FUNGI CERIPORIOPSIS-SUBVERMISPORA AND CYATHUS-STERCOREUS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; ABSORPTION MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY; CELL-TYPES; LIGNIN; DEGRADATION; DIGESTIBILITY; WOOD; DELIGNIFICATION; INTERNODES AB The white rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora FP-90031-sp and Cyathus stercoreus ATCC 36910 were evaluated for their ability to delignify Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) stems and improve biodegradability. Compositional and structural alterations in plant cell walls effected by the fungi were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas chromatography of alkali-treated residues, microspectrophotometry, and electron microscopy. Contaminating bacteria and fungi, which grew from unsterilized Bermuda grass stems, did not alter the improvement in grass biodegradability by either of the fungi from that of gas-sterilized stems. The biodegradation of stems by ruminal microorganisms, after treatment for 6 weeks with C. subvermispora or C. stercoreus, was improved by 29 to 32% and by 63 to 77%, respectively; dry weight losses caused by pretreatment with the fungi were about 20% over that in untreated, control stems. Both fungi preferentially removed aromatics to carbohydrates, and C. subvermispora removed proportionately more guaiacyl units than did C. stercoreus. Substantial amounts of ester-linked p-coumaric and ferulic acids were removed by both fungi, and about 23 and 41% of total aromatics (determined after 4 M NaOH direct treatment) were removed from the plant biomass after incubation with C. subvermispora and C. stercoreus, respectively. UV absorption microspectrophotometry indicated that ester-linked phenolic acids were totally removed from the parenchyma cell walls, and these cells were readily and completely degraded by both fungi. However, aromatic constituents were only partially removed from the more recalcitrant sclerenchyma cell walls, resulting in variation in electron density and random digestion pits after incubation with fiber-degrading bacteria. These fungi varied in their potential to delignify various types of plant cell walls. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP AKIN, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 35 TC 75 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1591 EP 1598 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA QQ362 UT WOS:A1995QQ36200065 PM 7747973 ER PT J AU LINDSAY, SE BOTHAST, RJ INGRAM, LO AF LINDSAY, SE BOTHAST, RJ INGRAM, LO TI IMPROVED STRAINS OF RECOMBINANT ESCHERICHIA-COLI FOR ETHANOL-PRODUCTION FROM SUGAR MIXTURES SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS; RESISTANT MUTANT; GENES; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE; PHOSPHONOMYCIN; FERMENTATION AB Hemicellulose hydrolysates of agricultural residues often contain mixtures of hexose and pentose sugars. Ethanologenic Escherichia coli that have been previously investigated preferentially ferment hexose sugars. In some cases, xylose fermentation was slow or incomplete. The purpose of this study was to develop improved ethanologenic E. coli strains for the fermentation of pentoses in sugar mixtures. Using fosfomycin as a selective agent, glucose-negative mutants of E. coli KO11 (containing chromosomally integrated genes encoding the ethanol pathway from Zymomonas mobilis) were isolated that were unable to ferment sugars transported by the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system. These strains (SL31 and SL142) retained the ability to ferment sugars with independent transport systems such as arabinose and xylose and were used to ferment pentose sugars to ethanol selectively in the presence of high concentrations of glucose. Additional fosfomycin-resistant mutants were isolated that were superior to strain KO11 for ethanol production from hexose and pentose sugars. These hyperproductive strains (SL28 and SL40) retained the ability to metabolize all sugars tested, completed fermentations more rapidly, and achieved higher ethanol yields than the parent. Both SL28 and SL40 produced 60 gl(-1) ethanol, from 120 gl(-1) xylose in 60 h, 20% more ethanol than KO11 under identical conditions. Further studies illustrated the feasibility of sequential fermentation. A mixture of hexose and pentose sugars was fermented with near theoretical yield by SL40 in the first step followed by a second fermentation in which yeast and glucose were added. Such a two-step approach can combine the attributes of ethanologenic E. coli for pentoses with the high ethanol tolerance of conventional yeasts in a single vessel. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT MICROBIOL & CELL SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 25 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 43 IS 1 BP 70 EP 75 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA QT451 UT WOS:A1995QT45100013 PM 7766137 ER PT J AU FRANCIS, RE AGUILAR, R AF FRANCIS, RE AGUILAR, R TI CALCIUM-CARBONATE EFFECTS ON SOIL TEXTURAL CLASS IN SEMIARID WILDLAND SOILS SO ARID SOIL RESEARCH AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE PARTICLE SIZE; SOIL ANALYSIS; TEXTURAL CLASSIFICATION; SEMIARID SOILS; RIO PUERCO; EL MALPAIS; NEW MEXICO AB Soils from the upper Rio Puerco watershed and El Malpais wilderness study area in New Mexico were analyzed for particle-size distribution and classified into 1 of 12 textural classes before and after calcium carbonate (CaCO3) removal. The samples selected for analysis had a CaCO3 content of greater than or equal to 5% by volume that represented 32% of the total study samples. All of the samples having CaCO3 changed particle-size distribution, and 60% of those samples changed textural class following the pretreatment for CaCO3 removal. The greatest changes in particle size were from sand- to clay-size fractions. Therefore, we recommend that all wildland soil samples from the semiarid Southwest be pretreated for CaCO3 removal prior to particle-size analysis and subsequent textural classification. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0890-3069 J9 ARID SOIL RES REHAB JI Arid Soil Res. Rehabil. PD APR-JUN PY 1995 VL 9 IS 2 BP 155 EP 165 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA RD752 UT WOS:A1995RD75200004 ER PT J AU Avery, ML Decker, DG Humphrey, JS Hayes, AA Laukert, CC AF Avery, ML Decker, DG Humphrey, JS Hayes, AA Laukert, CC TI Color, size, and location of artificial fruits affect sucrose avoidance by Cedar Waxwings and European Starlings SO AUK LA English DT Article ID NEOTROPICAL BIRDS; AMERICAN ROBINS; PREFERENCES; CHOICE; REPELLENCY; FRUGIVORES; MECHANISMS; AVERSION; DAMAGE; SUGARS AB Fruit choice by birds is affected by many factors, but the interactions between sensory and postingestive cues has received little experimental study. To evaluate how postingestive responses to fruit sugars relate to color and other visual cues, we offered individually caged Cedar Waxwings (Bombycilla cedrorum) and European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) artificial red and green fruits containing 12.8% (g/g) sucrose or hexose (1:1, glucose:fructose) sugars. In 1-h trials with 6-mm-diameter fruits, waxwings preferred hexose to sucrose fruits, regardless of color. Birds given only sucrose fruits ate more than other groups. With 11-mm fruits, patterns of consumption were the same, but clear preferences for hexose over sucrose showed only in 3-h trials. Waxwings given red-hexose and red-sucrose fruits or green-hexose and green-sucrose fruits in two-cup tests learned to prefer the hexose fruits from positional cues. Starlings that initially preferred green learned to prefer red-hexose over green-sucrose fruits after two 3-h trials. Similarly, starlings that initially preferred red learned to prefer green-hexose fruits when paired with red-sucrose fruits. These preferences persisted through three posttreatment trials when both red and green fruits had only hexose sugars. In contrast to Cedar Waxwings, starlings given all-sucrose fruits ate the least, and two of four birds in the all-sucrose group stopped eating fruits altogether. At the level tested, sucrose was a strong associative repellent for starlings, probably because of induced postingestional distress due to their inability to digest sucrose. In contrast, waxwings can digest sucrose, but appear unable to maintain positive energy balance feeding solely on high-sucrose fruits. Development of high-sucrose cultivars may alleviate depredation to fruit crops by sucrose-deficient species like the European Starling, as well as by inefficient sucrose-digesting species like the Cedar Waxwing. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,OFF SPONSORED RES,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP Avery, ML (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,FLORIDA FIELD STN,2820 E UNIV AVE,GAINESVILLE,FL 32641, USA. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 7 U2 9 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 1995 VL 112 IS 2 BP 436 EP 444 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA TX683 UT WOS:A1995TX68300015 ER PT J AU Mason, JR Clark, L AF Mason, JR Clark, L TI Mammalian irritants as chemical stimuli for birds: The importance of training SO AUK LA English DT Article ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; CAPSAICIN; ANTHRANILATE; SENSITIVITY; REPELLENCY; STARLINGS; AVERSIONS; COLOR; FOOD RP Mason, JR (reprint author), MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 1995 VL 112 IS 2 BP 511 EP 514 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA TX683 UT WOS:A1995TX68300028 ER PT J AU HOLT, PS AF HOLT, PS TI HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS IN MOLTED AND UNMOLTED LAYING CHICKENS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE FASTING; MOLTING; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS; INTESTINAL INFECTION ID WHITE LEGHORN HENS; PHAGE TYPE-4; RE-EXCRETION; INFECTION; POULTRY; VIRUS; FARMS AB The impact of induced molting on the horizontal transmission of S. enteritidis was studied. In Expt. 1, every other hen in rows of either molted or unmolted hens was infected with S. enteritidis (1 x 10(6) bacteria/hen). S. enteritidis was transmitted more rapidly to the unchallenged hens in the adjacent cages of molted hens than in unmolted hens, and these molted hens shed significantly more of the organism than unmolted hens. In Expts. 2 and 3, the center hen in two rows each of 11 molted and unmolted hens was infected with S. enteritidis (dose of 6-8 x 10(4) in Expt. 2 and 1 x 10(3) in Expt. 3). In both trials of Expt. 2, the rate of transmission was significantly higher in molted hens than in unmolted hens, and the molted hens shed significantly more of the organism. In Trial 1 of Expt. 3, molting had little effect on S. enteritidis shedding. In Trial 2 of Expt. 3, however, molted hens had significantly higher shed rates and shed more S. enteritidis than the unmolted hens. Individual hens in Expts. 2 and 3 frequently shed more S. enteritidis than the original challenge. The amplification of intestinal S. enteritidis in the molted hens plus their previously described higher susceptibility to S. enteritidis infection accelerated transmission of the organism to the uninfected hens in neighboring cages. These results indicate that induced molting can have substantial effects on transmission of S. enteritidis to uninfected hens, which could affect the overall S. enteritidis status of a flock. RP HOLT, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 25 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1995 VL 39 IS 2 BP 239 EP 249 DI 10.2307/1591865 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RD512 UT WOS:A1995RD51200004 PM 7677644 ER PT J AU BROWN, JE BRANTON, SL MAY, JD AF BROWN, JE BRANTON, SL MAY, JD TI EFFECT OF ISOLATION AND SANITATION ON THE RECOVERY OF F-STRAIN MYCOPLASMA-GALLISEPTICUM FROM CHRONICALLY INFECTED HENS HELD IN BIOLOGICAL ISOLATION UNITS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE MYCOPLASMA GALLISEPTICUM F STRAIN; ISOLATION; SANITATION ID VACCINATION; CHICKENS; SYNOVIAE AB Two trials were conducted to determine if individual housing or improved sanitation would enable hens to clear Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection. In each of the two trials, 40 commercial leghorn hens were infected with F strain MG (F-MG) and confined in biological isolation units in two groups: 1) hens housed individually in each of eight isolation units and 2) hens housed in groups of four in each of eight other units. Each of these two groups was further subdivided into two groups: 1) non-sanitized, having the isolation unit interior cleaned but not sanitized once each 2 weeks; and 2) sanitized, having the isolator interior thoroughly cleaned and sanitized twice weekly. Choanal cleft swabs were obtained five times over a period of 16 weeks in Trial 1 and six times over 22 weeks in Trial 2. Isolates were identified as F-MG positive by agar plate fluorescent-antibody method. The incidence of isolation of FMG did not differ significantly between individually housed and group-housed hens, except that the percentage of positive isolations was significantly lower in individually housed/sanitized hens than group-housed/sanitized hens in Trial 1. Sanitizing had no consistent beneficial effect. The results do not support the theory that hens can clear F-MG infection if isolated from other infected hens. RP BROWN, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT POULTRY RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1995 VL 39 IS 2 BP 263 EP 268 DI 10.2307/1591867 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RD512 UT WOS:A1995RD51200006 PM 7677646 ER PT J AU WITTER, RL LEE, LF FADLY, AM AF WITTER, RL LEE, LF FADLY, AM TI CHARACTERISTICS OF CV1988/RISPENS AND R2/23, 2 PROTOTYPE VACCINE STRAINS OF SEROTYPE-1 MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; CHICKENS; INFECTION; SYNERGISM; TRIALS; SAFETY AB Studies were focused on two attenuated serotype 1 Marek's disease (MD) vaccine viruses, CVI988/Rispens (passage 42) and R2/23 (passage 105). Both serotype 1 vaccine viruses provided much higher levels of protection than the prototype MD vaccine, turkey herpesvirus (HVT); the best protection was generally provided by CVI988/Rispens when compared with other vaccines. The efficacy of neither serotype 1 vaccine was improved by mixture with viruses of other serotypes (synergism). No differences between the two serotype 1 vaccines were revealed by cross-neutralization tests, thus excluding preferential in vivo neutralization by maternal antibodies as an explanation for differences in protective efficacy. Neither vaccine strain induced MD lesions or reduced growth races in 8- or 18-week trials. Neither virus depressed humoral or cellular immune responses to antigenic challenge at 3 or 15 days after vaccination. Both virus strains exhibited altered characteristics during serial backpassage; R2/23 acquired increased oncogenic potential, and CVI988/Rispens acquired the potential for increased viremia titers, accompanied by an increased frequency of both histologic nerve lesions and gross thymic atrophy. During backpassage trials, contact spread was not observed for R2/23 and, surprisingly, seemed relatively limited for CVI988/ Rispens. Studies on these two serotype 1 strains generally support the safety and efficacy of the serotype 1 class of MD vaccines. RP WITTER, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 33 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1995 VL 39 IS 2 BP 269 EP 284 DI 10.2307/1591868 PG 16 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RD512 UT WOS:A1995RD51200007 PM 7677647 ER PT J AU HINTON, A HUME, ME AF HINTON, A HUME, ME TI SYNERGISM OF LACTATE AND SUCCINATE AS METABOLITES UTILIZED BY VEILLONELLA TO INHIBIT THE GROWTH OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM AND SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS IN-VITRO SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; VEILLONELLA; VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS; SUCCINATE; LACTATE ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; INTESTINAL MICROFLORA; COLONIZATION; INFECTION; MICE; CHICKENS AB The inhibition of salmonellae growth by a Veillonella bacterium isolated from the cecal contents of adult chickens was examined. The Veillonella isolate was grown on an agar medium supplemented with 175 mu mol of lactate or succinate/ml. Either 0, 100, 125, 150, or 175 mu mol of succinate/ml was added to the lactate medium; either 0, 100, 125, 150, or 175 mu mol of lactate/ml was added to the succinate medium; and the pH of all media was adjusted to 6.0. Agar overlays of Veillonella cultures grown on the media were inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium or S. enteritidis. The largest zones of inhibition of salmonellae growth were produced by Veillonella cultures grown on medium supplemented with 175 mu mol/ml of both lactate and succinate. The widths of the zones of inhibition decreased as the concentration of lactate was reduced in the succinate medium and as the concentration of succinate was reduced in the lactate medium. Analyses of lactate broth and succinate broth inoculated with Veillonella indicated that inhibition of salmonellae growth on the agar media was related to the production of volatile fatty acids by Veillonella, the presence of residual succinate in the media, and the final pH of the media. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. RP HINTON, A (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT BOT & MICROBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1995 VL 39 IS 2 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.2307/1591872 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RD512 UT WOS:A1995RD51200011 PM 7677651 ER PT J AU RATH, NC HUFF, WE BAYYARI, GR BALOG, JM AF RATH, NC HUFF, WE BAYYARI, GR BALOG, JM TI IDENTIFICATION OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA AND INTERLEUKIN-6 IN CHICKEN ASCITES-FLUID SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE CHICKEN; ASCITES FLUID; SERUM; INTERLEUKIN-6; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA ID TGF-BETA; PROTEINS; STRESS AB Ascites fluids from chickens were analyzed for the occurrence of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and interleukin-6 (Il-6) using the mink lung epithelial cell inhibition and B9 hybridoma proliferation assays, respectively. Both of these cytokines were significantly elevated in ascites fluids (TGF-beta, 0.129 +/- 0.017 ng/mg protein; Il-6, 0.054 +/- 0.011 ng/mg protein) relative to serum (TGF-beta, 0.005 +/- 0.003 ng/mg protein; Il-6, <0.002 ng/mg protein) derived from the same individual birds. TGF-beta occurred in a latent form and required activation by heat or acid (heat, 100%; non-activated, 5.2 +/- 1.1%; acid activated, 89.5 +/- 12.3%). Heat treatment destroyed Il-6 activity. Both TGF-beta and Il-6 activities could be neutralized by antibodies directed against the recombinant human counterpart of these cytokines. Increasing dilutions of ascites fluid caused proportionate decreases in cytokine activities. Il-6 activity was further characterized by gel filtration using high-pressure liquid chromatography, which yielded a peak of biological activity corresponding to an approximate molecular weight of 35,000. These data suggest that ascites fluid may be an interesting biological model and source for studying avian cytokines and their physiological relevance. RP RATH, NC (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,BIOMASS RES CTR,USDA ARS,POULTRY PROD & PROD SAFETY RES UNIT,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1995 VL 39 IS 2 BP 382 EP 389 DI 10.2307/1591883 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RD512 UT WOS:A1995RD51200022 PM 7677662 ER PT J AU MUTALIB, A KEIRS, R MASLIN, W TOPPER, M DUBEY, JP AF MUTALIB, A KEIRS, R MASLIN, W TOPPER, M DUBEY, JP TI SARCOCYSTIS-ASSOCIATED ENCEPHALITIS IN CHICKENS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Note ID FALCATULA AB Sarcocystis-associated encephalitis was diagnosed in a backyard chicken nock that had nervous manifestations. The main histopathologic lesion was necrotizing encephalitis characterized by a large focal area of necrosis infiltrated and surrounded by mononuclear cells, heterophils, and multinucleated giant cells. Schizonts and merozoites were observed in the lesion. Immunohistochemical staining of the brain lesion revealed positive reaction to Sarcocystis antiserum. The ultrastructural characteristics of the parasite were typical of Sarcocystis, including the presence of a nucleus, a conoid, numerous micronemes, and lack of rhoptries. Medication with amprolium and sulfamethazine or with chlortetracycline was not effective in controlling the mortality. Trapping of opossums on the farm and relocating the chickens to clean, new premises seemed to reduce mortality from this infection. C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MUTALIB, A (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1995 VL 39 IS 2 BP 436 EP 440 DI 10.2307/1591891 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RD512 UT WOS:A1995RD51200030 PM 7677669 ER PT J AU SHANG, F TAYLOR, A AF SHANG, F TAYLOR, A TI OXIDATIVE STRESS AND RECOVERY FROM OXIDATIVE STRESS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING AND PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITIES IN BOVINE LENS EPITHELIAL-CELLS SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RED-BLOOD-CELLS; ATP-DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; HEMOGLOBIN-ALPHA-CHAINS; PROTEIN LIGASE SYSTEM; OXYGEN RADICALS; ACTIVATING ENZYME; DENATURED PROTEINS; RABBIT LENS; DEGRADATION; DAMAGE AB Roles for ubiquitin (an 8.5 kDa polypeptide) involve its conjugation to proteins as a signal to initiate degradation and as a stress protein. We investigated ubiquitin conjugation and ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic activities in cultured bovine lens epithelial cells (BLECs) upon oxidative challenge. A 44% decrease in intracellular glutathione confirmed oxidative stress upon incubation with 1 mM H2O2. After 30 min incubation, endogenous high-molecular-mass ubiquitin conjugates decreased 73%, and intracellular proteolysis decreased about 50%. In the supernatants of the oxidatively treated BLECs, the ability to form high-molecular-mass ubiquitin conjugates with exogenous I-125-labelled ubiquitin decreased 28%, and ATP-dependent degradation of oxidized alpha-crystallin decreased 36%. When the H2O2-treated BLECs were allowed to recover for 60 min, intracellular proteolysis returned to the level of control cells. There was also a subsequent transient enhancement of intracellular proteolysis and a simultaneous recovery of endogenous high-molecular-mass ubiquitin conjugates. In parallel cell-free experiments, conjugating activity with exogenous I-125-labelled ubiquitin and ATP-dependent degradation of oxidized alpha-crystallin increased 35% and 72% respectively compared with nonoxidatively treated BLECs. ATP-independent proteolysis showed little response to exposure or removal of H2O2. These results indicate that (1) the rate of intracellular proteolysis in BLECs is associated with the level of endogenous high-molecular-mass ubiquitin conjugates and (2) oxidative stress may inactivate the ubiquitin conjugation activity with coordinate depression of proteolytic capability. Enhancement in ubiquitin conjugation and proteolytic activities during recovery from oxidative stress may be important in removal of damaged proteins and restoration of normal function of BLECs. The inactivation of ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis by oxidation may be involved in the accumulation of altered proteins and other adverse sequelae in the oxidatively challenged aging lens. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR & VIS RES LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY08566] NR 70 TC 125 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 0 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD APR 1 PY 1995 VL 307 BP 297 EP 303 PN 1 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA QR101 UT WOS:A1995QR10100041 PM 7717989 ER PT J AU TOBIAS, RB CONWAY, WS SAMS, CE AF TOBIAS, RB CONWAY, WS SAMS, CE TI POLYGALACTURONASE PRODUCED IN APPLE TISSUE DECAYED BY BOTRYTIS-CINEREA SO BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM; ENDOPOLYGALACTURONASE; PURIFICATION; FRUITS; PERS AB An exo-polygalacturonase with an isoelectric point of 4.6 and an apparent molecular weight of 45 kDa was isolated from apple tissue decayed by Botrytis cinerea. This isozyme had a similar isoelectric point, optimum pH, and mode of action as an isozyme produced in liquid culture by B. cinerea. The enzyme produced in the decayed tissue was less sensitive to lower pH and less inhibited by CaCl2, MgCl2, or NaCl than the enzyme produced in culture. Such changes in the properties of the enzyme produced in infected tissue could have been essential for the pathogen's successful colonization of the host tissue. Among the cations studied, calcium was the best inhibitor of PG activity. C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS AUST PI MARRICKVILLE PA LOCKED BAG 16, MARRICKVILLE NSW 2204, AUSTRALIA SN 1039-9712 J9 BIOCHEM MOL BIOL INT JI Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. PD APR PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 813 EP 823 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA TJ163 UT WOS:A1995TJ16300016 PM 7627131 ER PT J AU MCKENNA, IM CHANEY, RL AF MCKENNA, IM CHANEY, RL TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A CADMIUM-ZINC COMPLEX IN LETTUCE LEAVES SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CADMIUM; ZINC; CHEMICAL SPECIATION; CADMIUM BIOAVAILABILITY; LETTUCE; PHYTOCHELATIN ID COPPER-BINDING PROTEINS; MIMULUS-GUTTATUS; EXCESS COPPER; METALLOTHIONEIN; PHYTOCHELATINS; PLANTS; PEPTIDES; SPINACH; BIOAVAILABILITY; TOLERANCE AB Vegetable food contributes a higher amount of daily cadmium (Cd) intake in humans than food of animal origin. The bioavailability of plant Cd depends on the content of plant zinc (Zn). The mechanism by which increased plant Zn lowers the intestinal absorption of plant Cd could be mediated by changes in the chemical speciation of Cd or Zn in plant edible tissues, including Zn-induced phytochelatin synthesis. To test this hypothesis we investigated the chemical speciation of Cd and Zn in leaf extracts of lettuce grown under 10 mu M of Cd accompanied by 0.32 or 31.6 mu M Zn in nutrient solution. Gel filtration chromatography of the low- or high-Zn leaf extracts yielded a major low molecular weight Cd-Zn complex that eluted at similar elution volume. Compared to low-Zn leaf extracts, high-Zn leaf extracts contained a higher proportion of Zn incorporated into high molecular weight components, and higher content of the amino acids Cys, Glu, Gly, and Asp in the low molecular weight Cd-Zn complex. The peptides isolated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the Cd-Zn complex from the low- or high-Zn leaf extracts did not have an amino acid composition identical to phytochelatins. We concluded that 1. Sequestration of Cd or Zn via phytochelatin does not occur in leaves of lettuce containing levels of those metals representatives of Zn-Cd or Cd-only contaminated crops; and 2. Higher Cys, Glu, Gly, and Asp content in high-Zn than low-Zn leaves could lower Cd absorption in animals fed high-Zn crop diets, by enhancing metallothionein synthesis or changing Cd or Zn speciation in the animal gut. C1 USDA ARS,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07012 SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 48 IS 1 BP 13 EP 29 DI 10.1007/BF02789075 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA QU920 UT WOS:A1995QU92000002 PM 7626369 ER PT J AU GUTHRIE, HD COOPER, BS WELCH, GR ZAKARIA, AD JOHNSON, LA AF GUTHRIE, HD COOPER, BS WELCH, GR ZAKARIA, AD JOHNSON, LA TI ATRESIA IN FOLLICLES GROWN AFTER OVULATION IN THE PIG - MEASUREMENT OF INCREASED APOPTOSIS IN GRANULOSA-CELLS AND REDUCED FOLLICULAR-FLUID ESTRADIOL-17-BETA SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID ATRETIC FOLLICLES; ESTROUS-CYCLE; PREOVULATORY MATURATION; INHIBIN IMMUNOACTIVITY; STEROID-SECRETION; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; PROGESTERONE; DEATH; ENDONUCLEASE; THYMOCYTES AB The incidence of atresia in the first group of follicles grown after ovulation was investigated in the pig. At slaughter, 113 follicles 3-6 mm in diameter were dissected from the ovaries of four pregnant pigs per day on Days 5, 6, and 7 after the onset of estrus. Granulosa cells were isolated from each follicle. The percentage of granulosa cells containing sub-diploid amounts of DNA (%A(0) cells), a measure of apoptosis, was determined for each follicle by DNA fluorescence flow cytometry of propidium iodide (PI)-stained nuclei of ethanol-fixed cells. Granulosa cell DNA condition was used to classify follicles. Follicles with greater than or equal to 10% A(0) cells (n = 33) were designated biochemically atretic (BA), and follicles with < 10% A(0) cells (n = 80) were designated biochemically healthy (BH). Internucleosomal cleavage, also indicative of apoptosis, was determined by autoradiographic analysis of [P-32]-3'-end-labeled DNA from granulosa cells. Densitometric analysis showed that optical density of [P-32]-3'-end-labeled DNA fragments in the 0.18-20-kb size range was correlated with the %A(0) cells (R greater than or equal to 0.90, N = 22, p < 0.001). The incidence of pigs with BA follicles was 2 of 4, 3 of 4, and 4 of 4 on Days 5, 6, and 7, respectively. The %BA follicles per pig (mean +/- SEM) increased (p less than or equal to 0.01) between Days 5 and 7; values were 6.2 +/- 3.6, 28.1 +/- 13.5, and 50.0 +/- 7.1, respectively, on Days 5, 6, and 7. The %A(0) cells in BA follicles increased (p < 0.01) between Days 5 and 7; values were 15.9 +/- 3.9, 30.8 +/- 5.7, and 43.8 +/- 5.3, respectively, on Days 5, 6, and 7. Estradiol-17 beta concentration was greater (p < 0.001) in BH than in BA follicles on Days 5 and 6, but decreased to a mean < 1 ng/ml in both BH and BA follicles on Day 7. Follicular androstenedione concentration decreased (p < 0.01) in both BH and BA follicles between Days 5 and 7. Progesterone concentration increased (p < 0.01) in BA follicles between Days 5 and 7, and was greater (p < 0.01) in BA than in BH follicles on Day 7. In conclusion, we suggest that granulosa cells with sub-diploid levels of DNA were undergoing internucleosomal DNA cleavage indicative of apoptotic death. Further we suggest that an increased percentage of granulosa cells undergoing DNA degradation and a loss of estradiol-17 beta production in vivo between Days 5 and 7 post-estrus indicate a high incidence of atresia among the 3-6-mm follicles that began to grow after ovulation, signaling the end of their growth period. RP GUTHRIE, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BLDG 200,BARC-E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 38 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1526 JEFFERSON ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2106 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD APR PY 1995 VL 52 IS 4 BP 920 EP 927 DI 10.1095/biolreprod52.4.920 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA QN514 UT WOS:A1995QN51400026 PM 7780014 ER PT J AU KLEMCKE, HG BROWNBORG, HM BORG, KE AF KLEMCKE, HG BROWNBORG, HM BORG, KE TI FUNCTIONING OF THE PORCINE PITUITARY-ADRENOCORTICAL AXIS DURING NEONATAL DEVELOPMENT SO BIOLOGY OF THE NEONATE LA English DT Article DE PIG, NEONATAL; ADRENAL FUNCTION; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE RECEPTORS; CORTISOL ID HORMONE RECEPTORS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; STRESS RESPONSE; CORTISOL; PLASMA; ONTOGENY; PIGS; RAT; RESTRAINT; ACTH AB A study was conducted with neonatal boars to measure age-related changes in functioning of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Pigs were randomly assigned to control (n = 7-10/age) or treated (1-min restraint, n = 9-11/age) groups to be sampled at either 12, 19, or 26 days of age. Blood samples were taken via catheter 10 min before and 3, 10, and 20 min after restraint or at similar time intervals in controls. One day later, pigs were killed and adrenal glands obtained for ACTH receptor measurements. Basal plasma ACTH concentrations were greatest (p = 0.035) on day 12 when compared with later ages, but basal plasma cortisol concentrations were comparable at the three ages. Compared with controls, restraint elevated incremental plasma ACTH and cortisol responses at each age (p < 0.004). On day 12, maximal plasma ACTH (p = 0.0006) and incremental cortisol (p < 0.006) responses to restraint were greater than at later ages. Binding to adrenal ACTH receptors was greatest (p < 0.05) at day 13, which may help explain the apparently increased in vivo response of the adrenal gland to ACTH at this time. Restrained pigs had increased growth rates with increasing age (p = 0.016) whereas growth rates for control pigs did not differ with age. At day 27, 24 h after the 1-min restraint, body weights of restrained pigs exceeded those of control pigs (p = 0.045). At day 20, adrenal DNA and protein in pigs restrained 24 h previously were greater than in control pigs (p < 0.05). These data suggest age-related changes in functioning of the pituitary-adrenal axis in neonatal boars, and an absence of a period during neonatal life when the porcine pituitary adrenocortical axis cannot respond to a stressor. The data also indicate both rapid and long-term responses of the adrenal to a very modest stressor and suggest an extreme sensitivity of neonatal pigs to environmental perturbations. RP KLEMCKE, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0006-3126 J9 BIOL NEONATE JI Biol. Neonate PD APR PY 1995 VL 67 IS 4 BP 274 EP 286 PG 13 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RF695 UT WOS:A1995RF69500008 PM 7647151 ER PT J AU HARRIS, SS WOOD, MJ DAWSONHUGHES, B AF HARRIS, SS WOOD, MJ DAWSONHUGHES, B TI BONE-MINERAL DENSITY OF THE TOTAL-BODY AND FOREARM IN PREMENOPAUSAL BLACK-AND-WHITE WOMEN SO BONE LA English DT Article DE BONE MINERAL DENSITY; RACE; PREMENOPAUSAL; WOMEN ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; BIRTH-CONTROL PILLS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CALCIUM INTAKE; RADIAL BONE; MASS; FEMALES; ASSOCIATIONS; ADOLESCENCE; SMOKING AB This study was conducted to report and compare bone mineral density (BMD) of the total body and distal forearm, as measured by X-ray absorptiometry, in 65 black and 73 white premenopausal women between the ages of 20 and 40, The black women had higher current and recalled body weights, a higher percent body fat, and more pregnancies and births, were younger at menarche, and reported lower alcohol intakes than the white women studied, A smaller percent of the black women had experienced amenorrhea, and a higher percent had lived at southern latitudes, Smoking history and lifetime use of oral contraceptives were similar in the two groups, Total body BMD, adjusted for body mass index (BMI), was 5.9% higher in the black than in the white women [mean +/- standard deviation (SD): 1.230 +/- 0.076 g/cm(2) compared with 1.161 +/- 0.075; difference (95% confidence interval [CI95]: 0.068 (0.042, 0.095)], Forearm BMD, adjusted for BMI, was 9.3% higher in the black women [mean +/- SD: 0.505 +/- 0.046 compared with 0.462 +/- 0.045; difference (CI95): 0.043 (0.027, 0.059)], Adjustment for the other medical and lifestyle differences noted before had little effect on estimated BMD differences between the two groups. RP HARRIS, SS (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,CALCUIM & BONE METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD APR PY 1995 VL 16 IS 4 SU S BP S311 EP S315 DI 10.1016/S8756-3282(95)80241-X PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RC576 UT WOS:A1995RC57600011 PM 7626320 ER PT J AU BEIER, RC ELISSALDE, MH STANKER, LH AF BEIER, RC ELISSALDE, MH STANKER, LH TI CALCULATED 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES OF THE FUMONISIN B-1-4 MYCOTOXINS SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; SPHINGOLIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; TOXICITY; INHIBITION; SWINE; CELLS RP BEIER, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 54 IS 4 BP 479 EP 487 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QG619 UT WOS:A1995QG61900001 PM 7767023 ER PT J AU FISCUS, EL BOOKER, FL MILLER, JE REID, CD AF FISCUS, EL BOOKER, FL MILLER, JE REID, CD TI RESPONSE OF SOYBEAN LEAF WATER RELATIONS TO TROPOSPHERIC OZONE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE MAX; OZONE; LEAF WATER RELATIONS; PRESSURE-VOLUME ANALYSIS; ELASTICITY; ELASTIC MODULUS ID ABIES L KARST; DIFFUSIVE CONDUCTANCE; PRESSURE CHAMBER; USE EFFICIENCY; NORWAY SPRUCE; HYBRID POPLAR; SOIL-MOISTURE; STRESS; PICEA; PLANTS AB Tropospheric O-3 and water stress cause significant reductions in crop growth and yield. The effects of chronic O-3 exposures on leaf water relations have been less thoroughly studied. Soybeans were grown in two years in open-top field chambers equipped to control O-3 The seasonal mean O-3 concentrations for the charcoal-filtered controls and supplemental O-3 treatments were 24 and 83 nL . L(-1) for the first year (1990) and 20 and 99 nL . L(-1) for the second year (1992). In 1990 leaves were sampled during four intervals of the 106-d growing season and subjected to potential-volume analysis. In 1992, leaves were sampled over a 3-week period, centered on 49 days after planting for potential-volume analysis as well as for midday xylem pressure potentials and leaf conductance. Ontogenetic changes in most of the parameters were large compared with treatment effects. O-3 treatment consistently caused decreased symplastic volume, specific leaf mass, and tissue elasticity. In 1992, these effects were accompanied by decreased leaf conductances with no discernable change in xylem pressure potential, although midday turgor increased by 32% and stomatal competency was maintained. Tissue elasticity decreases may be related to O-3-induced changes in cell wall structure during leaf expansion and may result in decreased symplastic volume. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP SCI, RALEIGH, NC 27606 USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT BOT, AIR QUAL RES PROGRAM, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP SCI, AIR QUAL RES PROGRAM, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. RP N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, 1509 VARS DR, RALEIGH, NC 27606 USA. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD APR PY 1995 VL 73 IS 4 BP 517 EP 526 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RA683 UT WOS:A1995RA68300001 ER PT J AU ELIAS, KS COTTY, PJ AF ELIAS, KS COTTY, PJ TI A ROSE-BENGAL AMENDED MEDIUM FOR SELECTING NITRATE-METABOLISM MUTANTS FROM FUNGI SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Note DE CHLORATE RESISTANCE; POPULATION STRUCTURE; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUP; VCG ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; CHLORATE TOXICITY; STRAINS AB A rose bengal amended medium for selecting nitrate-metabolism mutants from fungi with reduced sensitivity to chlorate is described. Isolates of several species known to resist development of nitrate-metabolism mutants on chlorate medium formed such mutants when grown on the rose bengal chlorate medium. These species include Aspergillus flavus (Link.), Fusarium lateritium (Nees ex Link.), Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht.), Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc., Alternaria cassiae (Jurair and Khan), Alternaria macrospora (Zimmerman), and Alternaria tagetica (Shome and Mustafee). The medium allows selection of nitrate-metabolism mutants of certain fungal strains for which chlorate-based techniques have not been satisfactory. Resulting mutants, following phenotype determination and identification of complementary testers, can be paired to enable macroscopic observation of heterokaryon formation during vegetative compatibility analyses. Thus, this medium may facilitate development of information on delimitation of vegetative compatibility groups among strains within these taxa. RP ELIAS, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD APR PY 1995 VL 73 IS 4 BP 680 EP 682 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA RA683 UT WOS:A1995RA68300020 ER PT J AU SPELTER, H AF SPELTER, H TI CAPACITY CHANGES IN US PARTICLEBOARD, SOUTHERN PINE PLYWOOD, AND ORIENTED STRANDBOARD INDUSTRIES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB An industry's supply response can be decomposed into tactical (short-run) and strategic (long-run) components. The strategic component, dealing with investments in new capacity, determines the evolution of an industry and its ability to meet changing market demands. A decisive factor affecting capacity investment is the profitability of the commodity produced in relation to the cost of the equipment needed to make it. This concept is related to a theory of investment embodied in the concept of ''q'' developed by J. Tobin, which suggests that the ratio between the market value of an industry and the replacement cost of capital influences decisions to invest. The results developed here suggest that the theory works well for oriented strandboard, southern pine plywood, and particleboard industries. However, adjustments must be made to the empirical formula to take into account lags between the price stimulus and investment response and the difference in growth rates during the early phases of an industry's life compared with the more mature phases. RP SPELTER, H (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 1995 VL 25 IS 4 BP 614 EP 620 DI 10.1139/x95-068 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RC044 UT WOS:A1995RC04400009 ER PT J AU TOBI, DR WARGO, PM BERGDAHL, DR AF TOBI, DR WARGO, PM BERGDAHL, DR TI GROWTH-RESPONSE OF RED SPRUCE AFTER KNOWN PERIODS OF WINTER INJURY SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; HIGH ELEVATION; NEW-YORK; NORTHERN APPALACHIANS; FROST HARDINESS; RADIAL GROWTH; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; BALSAM FIR; DECLINE; MOUNTAINS AB Winter injury occurred region wide on red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) during the winters of 1981, 1984, 1989, and 1993, affecting (primarily) needles that were produced during the growing seasons of 1980; 1983, 1988, and 1992, respectively. Red spruce trees growing in four plots, one each above and below cloud base on windward and leeward sides of Whiteface Mountain, Wilmington, N.Y., were evaluated to determine their health classification and growth characteristics in response to winter injury. When needle weight was compared between adjacent years, it was consistently greater on 1981, 1984, and 1989 internodes than on the preceding year's internodes, which were known to be affected by winter injury. When similar comparisons were made on bole growth, basal area increment consistently decreased the growing season immediately after winter injury. The decrease was significant for all health classes on both windward and leeward aspects in 1981. Historical tree-ring records dating back 100 years also showed a reduction in basal area increment associated with years of reported winter injury. Internodal length also decreased in response to winter injury. This decrease was consistent and generally significant in 1983 and 1986, each 2 years after winter injury events. Radial growth reduction in the year of, and internode growth reduction 2 years after, winter injury suggests specific growth processes associated with specific foliage. C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,HAMDEN,CT 06514. RP TOBI, DR (reprint author), UNIV VERMONT,SCH NAT RESOURCES,BURLINGTON,VT 05405, USA. NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 1995 VL 25 IS 4 BP 669 EP 681 DI 10.1139/x95-074 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RC044 UT WOS:A1995RC04400015 ER PT J AU SPARROW, SD COCHRAN, VL SPARROW, EB AF SPARROW, SD COCHRAN, VL SPARROW, EB TI RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF HARVESTED AND GREEN-MANURED LEGUMES ON A SUBSEQUENT BARLEY CROP IN A SUB-ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE RESIDUAL LEGUME EFFECTS; GREEN MANURE; ALASKA; SUB-ARCTIC ID NITROGEN; YIELD; ACID AB Experiments were conducted at two locations in Alaska to determine effects of incorporating and harvesting forage legumes on subsequent barley crops. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) following forage legume crops and fallow had higher yields and plant N than barley following non-N-2-fixing crops. Incorporating, as opposed to harvesting, legume crops sometimes resulted in positive response of barley. C1 USDA ARS,SUBARCTIC RES UNIT,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP SPARROW, SD (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS,AGR & FORESTRY EXPT STN,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD APR PY 1995 VL 75 IS 2 BP 453 EP 456 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA RC375 UT WOS:A1995RC37500023 ER PT J AU HUANG, WH LAI, CC WANG, Y ASKARI, A KLEVAY, LM ASKARI, A CHIU, TH AF HUANG, WH LAI, CC WANG, Y ASKARI, A KLEVAY, LM ASKARI, A CHIU, TH TI ALTERED EXPRESSIONS OF CARDIAC NA/K-ATPASE ISOFORMS IN COPPER-DEFICIENT RATS SO CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE COPPER DEFICIENCY; NA/K-ATPASE; CARDIAC MYOCYTES; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; CARDIOMYOPATHY; ISOFORMS; OXYGEN RADICALS; OXIDANTS; OXIDATIVE STRESS ID NA+-K+-ATPASE; MESSENGER-RNA; NA,K-ATPASE; HEART; PUMP; SUPPLEMENTATION; QUANTIFICATION; ISCHEMIA; TISSUES; CELLS AB Objective: The aim was to determine if copper deficiency affects the expression of Na/K-ATPase alpha isoforms in the rat heart. Methods: Copper deficiency was induced by placing weanling rats on a copper deficient diet for 4-5 weeks. Adult ventricular tissue, isolated ventricular myocytes, and brain stems of the control and deficient rats were compared for Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) activity and for protein and mRNA contents of Na/K-ATPase alpha isoforms. Results: In brain stem, where copper deficiency did not alter CuZn-SOD activity, mRNA and protein levels of alpha isoforms also remained unchanged. In ventricular tissue and ventricular myocytes, copper deficiency reduced CuZn-SOD activity, mRNAs of alpha(1), and alpha(2) isoforms, and the alpha(2) isoform protein. The alpha(1) isoform protein of ventricular tissue and its myocytes was marginally reduced by copper deficiency. Conclusions: In the rat ventricular tissue, oxidative stress resulting from copper deficiency (1) enhances the turnover of the more oxidant sensitive alpha(2) isoform to a greater extent than the turnover of the alpha(1) isoform; (2) regulates mRNA levels of alpha(1) and alpha(2) isoforms; and (3) contributes to the cardiomyopathy of copper deficiency. C1 MED COLL OHIO,DEPT SURG,TOLEDO,OH 43699. USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. RP HUANG, WH (reprint author), MED COLL OHIO,DEPT PHARMACOL,POB 10008,TOLEDO,OH 43699, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-45554] NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0008-6363 J9 CARDIOVASC RES JI Cardiovasc. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 29 IS 4 BP 563 EP 568 DI 10.1016/S0008-6363(96)88535-X PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA QT695 UT WOS:A1995QT69500019 PM 7796451 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP BLAGBURN, BL AF DUBEY, JP BLAGBURN, BL TI ADVANCES IN VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY SO COMPENDIUM ON CONTINUING EDUCATION FOR THE PRACTICING VETERINARIAN LA English DT Editorial Material RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPENDIUM CONTINUING EDUC PRACTICING VETERINARIAN PI TRENTON PA 425 PHILLIPS BLVD #100, TRENTON, NJ 08618 SN 0193-1903 J9 COMP CONT EDUC PRACT JI Compend. Contin. Educ. Pract. Vet. PD APR PY 1995 VL 17 IS 4 BP 469 EP 470 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QU346 UT WOS:A1995QU34600001 ER PT J AU OLSON, RL SEQUEIRA, RA AF OLSON, RL SEQUEIRA, RA TI EMERGENT COMPUTATION AND THE MODELING AND MANAGEMENT OF ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Review DE EMERGENT COMPUTATION; ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT ID COTTON CROP MANAGEMENT; EXPERT SYSTEMS; COMPUTER-MODEL; ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE; CLASSIFIER SYSTEMS; FOREST SCIENCE; ECOSYSTEM; EVOLUTION; NETWORK; BEHAVIOR AB This paper introduces the emergent computational paradigm, discusses its applicability and potential in ecosystem management, and reviews the literature. Emergent computation is significantly different from the ''classic'' computational paradigm, where control is top-down and centralized. In emergent systems, overall system dynamics emerge from the local interactions of independent agents. In such systems, overall global control is minimized or eliminated altogether. Applications in ecosystem management include use of ''artificial ecosystems'' as surrogate experimental systems, and genetics-based machine learning systems to evolve management rule-sets for complex domains. Cellular automata, neural networks, genetic algorithms and classifier systems are discussed as examples of the emergent approach. Finally, an in-depth literature review of artificial ecosystems is provided. RP OLSON, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 100 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD APR PY 1995 VL 12 IS 3 BP 183 EP 209 DI 10.1016/0168-1699(94)00022-I PG 27 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA RB722 UT WOS:A1995RB72200001 ER PT J AU MLADENOFF, DJ SICKLEY, TA HAIGHT, RG WYDEVEN, AP AF MLADENOFF, DJ SICKLEY, TA HAIGHT, RG WYDEVEN, AP TI A REGIONAL LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF FAVORABLE GRAY WOLF HABITAT IN THE NORTHERN GREAT-LAKES REGION SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ROAD DENSITY; MINNESOTA; SUITABILITY; REGRESSION; PATTERNS; MODELS; WOLVES AB Over the past 15 years the endangered eastern timber wolf (Canis lupus lycaon) has been slowly recolonizing northern Wisconsin and, more recently, upper Michigan, largely by dispersing from Minnesota (where it is listed as threatened). We have used geographic information systems (GISs) and spatial radiocollar data on recolonizing wolves in northern Wisconsin to assess the importance of landscape-scale factors in defining favorable wolf habitat. We built a multiple logistic regression model applied to the northern Great Lakes states to estimate the amount and spatial distribution of favorable wolf habitat at the regional landscape scale. Our results suggest that areas with high probability of favorable habitat are more extensive than previously estimated in the northern Great Lake States. Several variables were significant in comparing new pack areas in Wisconsin to nonpack areas, including land ownership class, land cover type, road density, human population, and spatial landscape indices such as fractal dimension (land cover patch boundary complexity), land cover type contagion, landscape diversity, and landscape dominance. Road density and fractal dimension were the most important predictor variables in the logistic regression models. The results indicate that public forest land and private industrial forest land are both important in managing for a broad-ranging animal such as the wolf. Our data portray favorable habitat that is highly fragmented along development corridors in northern Wisconsin, which may be responsible for the slow growth of the wolf population. Upper Michigan, which is just beginning to be colonized by wolves, has very large, contiguous areas of likely habitat approaching the importance of those in northeastern Minnesota. If continuing development or wolf control restrict dispersing wolves from moving from Minnesota to Wisconsin, and Wisconsin habitat becomes more marginal through further fragmentation, Michigan has the potential to maintain a significant wolf population independent of Minnesota and serve as a source population for Wisconsin. However, a simple island/corridor model of wolf habitat in Wisconsin does not seem to apply. Wolves apparently move throughout the landscape, across many unfavorable areas, but establishment success is restricted to higher quality habitat. Source-sink dynamics may be operating here, and they suggest that reduction of the Minnesota population in the near term may affect recovery in Wisconsin and Michigan. Our analysis is an example of use of long-term monitoring data and large-scale cross-boundary regional analysis that must be done to solve complex spatial questions in resource management and conservation. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,NATV RESOURCES RES INST,DULUTH,MN 55811. US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. WISCONSIN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,PARK FALLS,WI 54552. NR 91 TC 308 Z9 313 U1 22 U2 141 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 9 IS 2 BP 279 EP 294 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9020279.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QR367 UT WOS:A1995QR36700021 ER PT J AU ESTIENNE, MJ HARTERDENNIS, JM BARB, CR HARTSOCK, TG AF ESTIENNE, MJ HARTERDENNIS, JM BARB, CR HARTSOCK, TG TI LUTEINIZING-HORMONE AND GROWTH-HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS IN SERUM OF PREPUBERTAL GILTS TREATED WITH N-METHYL-D,L-ASPARTATE SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID N-METHYL-D; GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; SECRETION; PIG; MODULATION; ABSENCE; ACID; SOWS; ESTRADIOL AB Prepubertal Yorkshire gilts, 189 d of age and 96 kg body weight (BW), were used to determine the effects of intravenous injections of N-methyl-D,L-aspartate (NMA) on circulating concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone (GH). In Experiment 1, blood was sampled from four gilts every 15 min for 2 hr on four consecutive days. One hour after the initiation of sampling on each day, gilts received either vehicle (0.9% saline solution) or 1.25, 2.5, or 5 mg of NMA/kg BW as per a 4 x 4 latin square arrangement of treatments. There was no effect of treatment (P > 0.1) on concentrations of LH in serum. However, relative to vehicle-treated animals, gilts administered 2.5 mg of NMA/kg BW had elevated (1,120%; P < 0.05) circulating levels of GH. In Experiment 2, samples were collected from 15 gilts at 15-min intervals for 1 hr before and 1 hr after NMA (10 mg/kg BW; n = 8) or vehicle (n = 7). NMA increased serum concentrations of both LH (by 80%; P < 0.05) and GH (by 700%; P < 0.01). We suggest that LH and GH secretion in gilts was enhanced by treatment with NMA. C1 USDA ARS,ANIM PHYSIOL UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP ESTIENNE, MJ (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND EASTERN SHORE,DEPT AGR,PRINCESS ANNE,MD 21853, USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domes. Anim. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 12 IS 2 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(94)00022-S PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA QT983 UT WOS:A1995QT98300009 PM 7600771 ER PT J AU CHRISTIE, I WILDER, JW COLBERT, JJ AF CHRISTIE, I WILDER, JW COLBERT, JJ TI MODELING OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL SPATIAL EFFECTS ON THE SPREAD OF GYPSY MOTHS SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE GYPSY MOTH; SPATIAL DYNAMICS ID COAT MARKINGS AB Modeling of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)) populations is extremely complex. In this work, a recently proposed model for spatially homogeneous populations which involves only three variables has been modified to study the spread of gypsy moth populations. The dynamics of this model includes waves of modulating amplitude which propagate in the spatio-temporal domain. Under certain conditions these spatial inhomogeneities eventually decay, resulting in spatially homogeneous behavior. Under other conditions they continue to exist, and in one case it was observed that appropriate perturbations on a chaotic system led to the establishment of a constant-shape, constant-velocity traveling wave. In this work we also study the effects of attempting to stimulate outbreaks by the implantation of a large number of gypsy moth egg masses at a specific location, as well as the effects of repeated transportation of egg masses to a single site (such as a camp ground). In addition, we report the results of simulating the application of pesticides. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,DEPT MATH,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD APR PY 1995 VL 78 IS 3 BP 219 EP 234 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(93)E0089-L PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QN189 UT WOS:A1995QN18900004 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, DW LIEBHOLD, AM AF WILLIAMS, DW LIEBHOLD, AM TI DETECTION OF DELAYED DENSITY-DEPENDENCE - EFFECTS OF AUTOCORRELATION IN AN EXOGENOUS FACTOR SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Note ID DYNAMICS C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. RP WILLIAMS, DW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 6775,RADNOR,PA 19087, USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 21 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI TEMPE PA ARIZONA STATE UNIV CENTER ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, TEMPE, AZ 85287 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 1995 VL 76 IS 3 BP 1005 EP 1008 DI 10.2307/1939363 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QU358 UT WOS:A1995QU35800028 ER PT J AU PARAJULEE, MN PHILLIPS, TW AF PARAJULEE, MN PHILLIPS, TW TI SEASONAL ABUNDANCE AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF THE PREDATOR LYCTOCORIS-CAMPESTRIS IN STORED CORN SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE LYCTOCORIS CAMPESTRIS; ANTHOCORIDAE; HETEROPTERA; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; TRAPPING EFFICIENCY; DISERSION PATTERN; STORED-PRODUCT; PREDATOR; SEX-RATIO ID PRODUCT INSECTS; ANTHOCORIDAE; HETEROPTERA AB A two-year sampling study (1992-93) in a flat storage of shelled corn showed that the larger pirate bug, Lyctocoris campestris (F.) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), can be detected by relative sampling techniques as early as the second week of May. The perceived seasonal pattern of L. campestris varied with trapping method. Of the three relative sampling methods used, probe traps consistently captured more bugs of both sexes than cardboard traps in the grain and sticky flight traps. Probe traps showed a third degree polynomial trend through the season. On the other hand, flight traps were effective for monitoring L. campestris population during early and mid-summer when temperatures were high, but the effectiveness declined during late summer and early fall. Cardboard traps showed the opposite trend to those of flight traps, with increasing L. campestris abundance during the fall when bugs sought refuge as temperature decreased. Sampling date and environmental factors, including grain moisture content, air and grain temperatures were correlated with trap capture. Earlier work reported that L. campestris showed a highly female biased sex ratio in the field as opposed to a 1:1 sex ratio in laboratory colonies. The present study found that the estimate of sex ratios in the field can differ with trapping methods. Of the three relative sampling methods used, flight and cardboard traps, in most cases, showed no deviation from a 1:1 sex ratio. Probe traps, however, indicated a highly female biased sex ratio in field populations. Absolute sampling using a 1140 mi cup sampler also showed no deviation from a 1:1 sex ratio in the field population. The data suggested that relative sampling methods may be inappropriate for sex ratio estimation in the field. Thus, an absolute sampling method is required for determination of the true field sex ratio of L. campestris. Analyses of dispersion patterns showed that both males and females of L. campestris exhibit an aggregated spatial distribution in the grain. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT ENTOMOL,STORED PROD INSECTS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD APR PY 1995 VL 75 IS 1 BP 33 EP 42 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QY176 UT WOS:A1995QY17600005 ER PT J AU PREDIERI, S NORMAN, HA KRIZEK, DT PILLAI, P MIRECKI, RM ZIMMERMAN, RH AF PREDIERI, S NORMAN, HA KRIZEK, DT PILLAI, P MIRECKI, RM ZIMMERMAN, RH TI INFLUENCE OF UV-B RADIATION ON MEMBRANE LIPID-COMPOSITION AND ETHYLENE EVOLUTION IN DOYENNE-DHIVER PEAR SHOOTS GROWN IN-VITRO UNDER DIFFERENT PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHOTON FLUXES SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE ETHANE; ETHYLENE; LINOLENIC ACID; IN-VITRO CULTURE; MALONDIALDEHYDE; PEAR; PYRUS-COMMUNIS; UV-B RADIATION ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; PISUM-SATIVUM; PLANTS; GLUTATHIONE; ARABIDOPSIS; LEAVES; ETHANE; LIGHT; ULTRASTRUCTURE; PEROXIDATION AB In vitro shoots of cv. Doyenne d'Hiver pear (Pyrus communis L.) were irradiated for 6 hr per day with 12 kJ m-2 day-1 of biologically effective UV-B radiation (UV-B(BE) and assessed for modification of membrane lipids. There was no detectable UV-B effect on lipid linolenic acid levels in plants grown at 90 mumol m-2 s-1 of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF). However, at this PPF level, UV-B produced an overall increase in malondialdehyde over a 3-day period, indicating lipid peroxidation. UV-B irradiation reduced the monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) concentration, did not affect overall digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) concentration, but did affect it at specific sampling times, and did not affect total phospholipid levels. UV-B had no consistent effect on glutathione content. In comparison to controls, UV-B irradiated shoots grown under 180 or 270 mumol m-2 s-1 PPF showed an increase in apical necrosis but not at 90 mumol m-2 s-1 PPF. Shoot proliferation was stimulated by 270 mumol m-2 s-1 of PPF, but was depressed by UV-B at this PPF level. Ethylene evolution was increased after a single exposure to UV-B under 90 and 180 mumol m-2 s-1 PPF and after 3 days also under 270 mumol m-2 s-1 PPF. UV-B increased ethane concentration in culture jars, indicating membrane damage; high PPF appeared to ameliorate UV-B induced stress by limiting ethane production. Our results support the hypothesis that MGDG, the major lipid component of the chloroplast, is a target of UV-B irradiation. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP PREDIERI, S (reprint author), CNR,IST ECOFISIOL PIANTE ARBOREE FRUTTO,VIA P GOBETTI 101,I-40129 BOLOGNA,ITALY. RI Strid, Ake/E-5309-2012; Predieri, Stefano/C-4392-2015 OI Strid, Ake/0000-0003-3315-8835; Predieri, Stefano/0000-0003-4270-4914 NR 39 TC 50 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD APR PY 1995 VL 35 IS 2 BP 151 EP 160 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(95)00003-2 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RB883 UT WOS:A1995RB88300004 ER PT J AU CANNON, WN ROBERTS, BR AF CANNON, WN ROBERTS, BR TI STOMATAL-RESISTANCE AND THE RATIO OF INTERCELLULAR TO AMBIENT CARBON-DIOXIDE IN CONTAINER-GROWN YELLOW-POPLAR SEEDLINGS EXPOSED TO CHRONIC OZONE FUMIGATION AND WATER-STRESS SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE STOMATAL PHYSIOLOGY; MULTIPLE STRESS FACTORS; AIR POLLUTION ID CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; ABSCISIC-ACID; GAS-EXCHANGE; LEAVES; SENSITIVITY; RESPONSES; REDUCTION; DROUGHT; DEFICIT; BETULA AB One-year old container-grown seedlings of yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) were exposed to 0.15 ppm ozone (O3) fumigation and water stress (two 1-week drying cycles) in continuously stirred tank reactors prior to measuring stomatal resistance (R(s)), intercellular carbon dioxide [CO2 (C(i))], and the ratio of C(i) and ambient CO2 (C(a)) after 20 and 36 days. Water stress increased R(s) by more than 250% and reduced C(i) and the C(i)/C(a) ratio by just over 20%. There were no significant effects of 0.15 ppm O3 on C(i) and the C(i)/C(a) ratio but R(s) was significantly increased by the interaction of water stress and O3 fumigation. For water-stressed seedlings fumigated with charcoal-filtered air, C(i) and the C(i)/C(a) ratio were significantly lower than those of the other treatments. The data show that interactions involving low levels of ozone and short periods of water stress may have a substantial influence on stomatal physiology. C1 OHIO WESLEYAN UNIV, DEPT BOT & MICROBIOL, DELAWARE, OH 43015 USA. RP CANNON, WN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN, DELAWARE, OH 43015 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 EI 1873-7307 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD APR PY 1995 VL 35 IS 2 BP 161 EP 165 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(94)00053-8 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RB883 UT WOS:A1995RB88300005 ER PT J AU HORTON, DR AF HORTON, DR TI STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF PAIRED-CHOICE ASSAYS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE CHOICE TESTS; FEEDING AND OVIPOSITION TRIALS; STATISTICAL POWER ID FEEDING-PREFERENCE EXPERIMENTS; DELIA-ANTIQUA DIPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSE; HOST SELECTION; OVIPOSITION; COLEOPTERA; TESTS; CHRYSOMELIDAE; ANTHOMYIIDAE AB In paired-choice assays, two treatments are presented simultaneously to each subject. Data from such arrays should not be considered to be independent, and correct statistical-analysis must account for the correlation. A statistical test that often is appropriate for these assays is the paired-sample t-test. I present curves showing the extent to which statistical power of this test is affected by sample size, effect size (i.e., magnitude of treatment differences), and correlation. For a given effect size and replication, positive correlation between paired observations substantially improves power of the test, whereas negative correlation reduces power. I conducted a literature sun ev of paired-choice assays to determine whether there are patterns in effect sizes and correlation that might assist in designing studies or in predicting minimum sample sizes necessary to achieve reasonable statistical power; experiments were categorized according to whether they were feeding or oviposition assays. The review indicated that correlation was highly variable and ranged between strongly negative and strongly positive values. Oviposition assays showed larger positive correlations than did feeding assays, resulting in larger effect sizes (adjusted for correlation); however, feeding assays tended to use larger sample sizes than oviposition assays, hence estimated statistical power was similar between the two types of assays. Oviposition assays often used multiple insects per arena, apparently sacrificing replication, whereas feeding assays tended to use a single insect per arena. Approximately 45% of experiments failed to detect significant treatment effects. The majority of nonsignificant assays had too few replications to detect even a large effect size with a reasonable statistical power. Literature examples are presented to show that assay methodology (specifically number of insects per arena, distance between paired choices, and assay duration) can affect correlation, effect size, and statistical power. Finally, scatter plots of Che data, although rarely presented, are shown to provide insight into methodological, statistical, and biological aspects of paired-choice assays. RP HORTON, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 61 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 19 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 24 IS 2 BP 179 EP 192 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RH348 UT WOS:A1995RH34800002 ER PT J AU LIEBHOLD, AM ELKINTON, JS ZHOU, G HOHN, ME ROSSI, RE BOETTNER, GK BOETTNER, CW BURNHAM, C MCMANUS, ML AF LIEBHOLD, AM ELKINTON, JS ZHOU, G HOHN, ME ROSSI, RE BOETTNER, GK BOETTNER, CW BURNHAM, C MCMANUS, ML TI REGIONAL CORRELATION OF GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) DEFOLIATION WITH COUNTS OF EGG MASSES, PUPAE, AND MALE MOTHS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA DISPAR; SAMPLING; GEOSTATISTICS ID INTEGRATED PEST-MANAGEMENT; SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING PLANS; POPULATIONS; SYSTEMS; TRAP AB Three different gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), sampling techniques were compared for their spatial correlation with regional defoliation maps. Counts of gypsy moth pupae and egg masses under burlap bands, and counts of male moths in pheromone-baited traps were taken in a network of 150 plots distributed irregularly throughout Massachusetts. These counts were compared with aerial sketch maps of gypsy moth defoliation collected during the same period and digitized into cells (2 by 2 km) cells in a geographic information system. The spatial correlation between counts of the three gypsy moth life stages and defoliation was examined using indicator cross-correlograms. A cross-correlogram quantifies the spatial covariation between two variables by plotting the cross-correlation for a series of interpoint distances. Cross-correlograms indicated that there was substantial correlation between egg mass counts and subsequent defoliation. These correlations extended to 10 cells (20 km) in some cases. Similar patterns were observed For counts of pupae. In contrast, there was little cross-correlation between defoliation and counts of male months. These results indicate that counts of egg masses (ol pupae) under burlap bands may be the most suitable variable to measure for predicting gypsy moth defoliation on a between male moth counts and regional defoliation is discussed. RP LIEBHOLD, AM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,180 CANFIELD ST,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 38 TC 24 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 24 IS 2 BP 193 EP 203 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RH348 UT WOS:A1995RH34800003 ER PT J AU BERRY, JS KEMP, WP ONSAGER, JA AF BERRY, JS KEMP, WP ONSAGER, JA TI WITHIN-YEAR POPULATION-DYNAMICS AND FORAGE DESTRUCTION MODEL FOR RANGELAND GRASSHOPPERS (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ORTHOPTERA; POPULATION DYNAMICS; SIMULATION ID CRESTED WHEATGRASS PASTURES; MELANOPLUS-SANGUINIPES F; SIMULATION-MODELS; STOCHASTIC-MODEL; INSECT PHENOLOGY; EXPERT SYSTEM; MANAGEMENT; DENSITY AB A rangeland grasshopper model (HopMod) was developed to incorporate phenological development, forage destruction, natural mortality, and control option efficacy (of the current registered treatments) for a complex of rangeland grasshopper species. These factors must be considered to make economically based management decisions for rangeland grasshoppers. The phenology component is based on heat accumulation For populations cinder field conditions. Phenology parameters were developed directly from field data from Montana over many sites and years for the species complexes of interest. In addition, HopMod lod phenology and density can be initialized with real-lime Field data to improve accuracy Therefore, the model has potential application over broad geographic areas where similar species complexes occur. This is important because it is very expensive and impractical to collect data necessary to develop site-specific models over such large areas in the western United Stales. In addition to phenology, there are components to stimulate forage consumption, oviposition, natural mortality and control mortality (including chemical and biological control). The population dynamics component was validated with field data from western North Dakota. Forage consumption was verified Ly comparing HopMod with previously described methods to estimate grasshopper forage consumption. HopMod was designed to run on a microcomputer (MS-DOS, written in Borland Pascal) as part of a larger decision support system, but can also runs as a stand-alone program. The decision support system uses results from HopMod to determine economic utility of treatments suggested by an expert system. C1 USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP BERRY, JS (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 24 IS 2 BP 212 EP 225 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RH348 UT WOS:A1995RH34800005 ER PT J AU NARANJO, SE FLINT, HM AF NARANJO, SE FLINT, HM TI SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION OF ADULT BEMISIA-TABACI (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE) IN COTTON AND DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF FIXED-PRECISION SAMPLING PLANS FOR ESTIMATING POPULATION-DENSITY SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BEMISIA TABACI STRAIN B; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; SAMPLING PLANS ID GENNADIUS AB We conducted studies to examine distributional patterns of adult Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) strain B (also referred to as Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) in cotton, Gussypium hirsutum L., and to develop and validate a sequential sampling plan for estimating population density. Adults were consistently more abundant on mainstem leaves from the top stratum of cotton plants than on mainstream leaves from the middle and bottom strata. Counts on mainstem leaves from the top of the plant also had the lowest relative variation. Adults on the top stratum of the plant were fairly uniformly distributed over leaves from mainstem nodes 2-7 (terminal = node 1), but numbers of adults were highest and least variable on fifth-node leaves. Patterns of aggregation, as measured by Taylor's power law, did not differ among the top. middle. and bottom strata of cotton plants and were similar among the first sis mainstem leaves below the mainstem terminal. Ratios between counts of adults on individual leaves from the top stratum of the plant and whole plant counts were variable and averaged (+/- SD) 0.075 +/- 0.071 Based on fifth mainstem node leaves as the sample unit, we used Kuno's and Green's methods to develop fixed-precision sequential sampling plans. The underlying mean-variance models for these methods;and performance af the sequential stop lines were compared and evaluated using a resampling simulation of independent data sets with means ranging from 2 to 50 adults per leaf. Compared with Iwao's mean crowding I egression, Taylor's power law was a less biased predictor of variance. As a result, Green's plan, on average, achieved the desired precision better than Kuno's plan even though neither plan consistently gave mean estimates with the desired precision. Further simulations provided preliminary adjustments in the stop lines for field implementation. RP NARANJO, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, WESTERN COTTON RES LAB, 4135 E BROADWAY RD, PHOENIX, AZ 85040 USA. NR 35 TC 97 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 24 IS 2 BP 261 EP 270 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RH348 UT WOS:A1995RH34800012 ER PT J AU BENTZ, JA REEVES, J BARBOSA, P FRANCIS, B AF BENTZ, JA REEVES, J BARBOSA, P FRANCIS, B TI WITHIN-PLANT VARIATION IN NITROGEN AND SUGAR CONTENT OF POINSETTIA AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE OVIPOSITION PATTERN, SURVIVAL, AND DEVELOPMENT OF BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BEMISIA ARGENTIFOLII; NITROGEN; SUGAR ID BAYBERRY WHITEFLY HOMOPTERA; LEAF AGE PREFERENCE; TABACI GENNADIUS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; LEAVES; LEMON; ABSORPTION; SELECTION; GROWTH; PH AB More females of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring were found on young (nodes 3 or 4) and fully expanded mature leaves from the midregion (nodes 7 or 8), than on nonsenescence old leaves from the lower region (nodes 11 or 12) of single-stemmed vegetative poinsettias, Euphorbia pulcherrima Willdenow (Euphorbiaceae). Yet, more eggs were laid on mature and old leaves than on young leaves. More crawlers hatched from eggs laid on young or old leaves than on mature leaves. More crawlers reached the adult stage when reared on mature leaves than on young and old leaves. The protein nitrogen content of the leaves and the sugar content of the phloem were correlated with the amino nitrogen content of the phloem. Increased oviposition on mature and old leaves is correlated with the high nitrogen content of these leaf types compared with young leaves. Oviposition on mature leaves is clearly adaptive because survivorship of whiteflies is higher on these leaves. Leaf nitrogen content is probably the cue used by B. argentifolii to discriminate among leaf types within a plant. Whiteflies may use nitrogen concentration of the leaf tissue to assess indirectly the nitrogen content of the phloem because the two were correlated. Sugar concentration was correlated. with amino nitrogen concentration in phloem. Phagostimulant dependence on sugar may elicit maximal settling anti ingestion by whiteflies where amino acids are most likely to be in good supply. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ENTOMOL, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RP BENTZ, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, FLORAL & NURSERY PLANTS RES UNIT, BLDG 470, 10300 BALTIMORE AVE, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 50 TC 29 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 24 IS 2 BP 271 EP 277 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RH348 UT WOS:A1995RH34800013 ER PT J AU CHU, CC HENNEBERRY, TJ COHEN, AC AF CHU, CC HENNEBERRY, TJ COHEN, AC TI BEMESIA ARGENTIFOLII (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE) - HOST PREFERENCE AND FACTORS AFFECTING OVIPOSITION AND FEEDING SITE PREFERENCE SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BEMISIA ARGENTIFOLII; OVIPOSITION; FEEDING SITE PREFERENCE ID BEMISIA-TABACI HOMOPTERA; COTTON AB Bemisia argentifolii Bellows Er Perring preferred cantaloupe, Cucumis melo, var. cantalupensis L., to cotton, Gossypium, hirsutum L., broccoli, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L., and lettuce, Lactuca sativa var. capitata L., in 1992 and 1993 in field and greenhouse studies. In the absence of cantaloupe, B. argentifolii preferred cotton to broccoli and lettuce, respectively. More eggs and fewer nymphs were found on broccoli than on cotton in the field. Differences in relative abundance of vascular bundles per unit of leaf area among the four plant species may partly account for differences in oviposition site selection. Vascular bundle volume per unit of leaf tissue volume was 50% greater in cantaloupe than in cotton and broccoli, which in rum had significantly greater volumes than lettuce. Field studies showed that most B. argentifolii on cotton and cantaloupe leaves were found on lower leaf surfaces. Distances from upper and lower leaf surfaces to the nearest vascular bundles in cotton leaves were 131 and 60 mu m, respectively. This distribution favors oviposition and feeding on the lower surface of a leaf. Leaf structure, positive effect of gravity, and negative effect of light affected oviposition site preferences in laboratory studies. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP CHU, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4151 HIGHWAY 86,BRAWLEY,CA 92227, USA. NR 21 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 24 IS 2 BP 354 EP 360 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RH348 UT WOS:A1995RH34800023 ER PT J AU WERNER, RA AF WERNER, RA TI TOXICITY AND REPELLENCY OF 4-ALLYLANISOLE AND MONOTERPENES FROM WHITE SPRUCE AND TAMARACK TO THE SPRUCE BEETLE AND EASTERN LARCH BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DENDROCTONUS RUFIPENNIS; DENDROCTONUS SIMPLEX; MONOTERPENES ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; FIR ENGRAVER BEETLE; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS ZIMMERMANN; VENTRALIS COLEOPTERA; HOST-RESISTANCE; GRAND FIR; FUNGUS; ATTACK; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ALASKA AB Monoterpenes found in the oleoresin of white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, and tamarack, Larix laricina (DuRoi) K. Koch, and 4-allylanisole (=estragole, methyl chavicol) were bioassayed for their toxicity to adult spruce beetles, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), and adult eastern larch beetles, D. simplex LeConte. Limonene and 4-allylanisole at 20 ppm were most toxic to spruce beetles at 24 h; whereas, limonene, myrcene, beta phelandrene, and 4-allylanisole were most toxic to eastern larch beetles. Limonene and 4-allylanisole caused 100% mortality to spruce beetle adults exposed to 80 ppm for 24 h. In comparison, limonene, 4-allylanisole, myrcene, and beta phellandrene caused 88-98% mortality to eastern larch beetles exposed to 80 ppm for 24 h. In field tests, limonene, 4-allylanisole, myrcene, and beta phellandrene inhibited the response of the spruce beetle to frantalin; whereas, myrcene and limonene inhibited the response of the eastern larch beetle to seudenol. Limonene, myrcene, and beta phellandrene were found in greater quantities in the wound tissues surrounding the induced reaction zones of white spruce and tamarack than in unwounded tissues which indicates the presence of an induced defensive system. Defoliated tamarack trees responded with increased levels of limonene in the oleoresin during the first 2 yr of successive defoliation, but these levels decreased during the 3rd and 4th yr of successive defoliation. Limonene and 4-allylanisole were the most toxic and inhibitory monoterpenes tested in this study. RP WERNER, RA (reprint author), USDA,US FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 57 TC 42 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 24 IS 2 BP 372 EP 379 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RH348 UT WOS:A1995RH34800026 ER PT J AU MACOM, TE PORTER, SD AF MACOM, TE PORTER, SD TI FOOD AND ENERGY-REQUIREMENTS OF LABORATORY FIRE ANT COLONIES (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COLLECTION; GROWTH; BIOENERGETICS ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA BUREN; GROWTH AB This study was designed to determine how much food is needed to sustain colonies of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren. Thirty laboratory colonies were fed 1, 2, or 4 crickets per day. Half were given access to unlimited sugar water. Colony biomass, cricket collection, and sugar collection were monitored weekly until each colony stopped growing Caloric intake was strongly correlated with and directly proportional to colony biomass (live weight) over an 8-fold range (2-16 g). Colonies needed approximate to 1.14 +/- 0.29 (Standard deviation) Kcal of food per gram of colony per week to sustain themselves. The presence of sugar decreased the amount of cricket biomass collected (dry weight) from 0.186 g/g of colony per week for colonies receiving crickets to 0.196 g/g of colony per week for colonies receiving both sugar water and crickets. Colonies fed only crickets approximately doubled their final size with the doubling of cricket availability; whereas, colonies receiving both crickets and sugar increased to a lesser extent. The laboratory food collection rates in this study suggest that a field population of fire ants with 90 mature mounds per hectare would require approximate to 21,000 Kcal or 16.0 kg of insects and sugar (combined wet weight) per week in the summer. C1 USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 24 IS 2 BP 387 EP 391 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RH348 UT WOS:A1995RH34800028 ER PT J AU TILLMAN, PG LASTER, ML AF TILLMAN, PG LASTER, ML TI PARASITIZATION OF HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS AND H-VIRESCENS HELIOTHIS-SUBFLEXA BACKCROSS (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) BY MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MICROPLITIS CROCEIPES; HELIOTHIS VIRESCENS; H-VIRESCENS HELIOTHIS-SUBFLEXA BACKCROSS AB Ovipositional acceptance tests with Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) were conducted in the laboratory using Heliothis virescens (F.) and the H. virescens-H. subflexa backcross. No differences in parasitism rates of the two host types were observed in petri dish bioassays. A similar lack of difference in parasitization of H. virescens and H. virescens-H. subflexa larvae was observed in field studies where hosts and parasitoids were released on caged cotton plants. Mean longevity and Fecundity of female M. croceipes were not significantly different between H. virescens and the backcross. Also, there were no differences in developmental times for males and Females between the two host types. Thus, augmentative releases of M. croceipes during or following a sterile backcross release should not adversely affect the backcross release ratio so the two control measures possibly could be used effectively together in an area-wide management program for control of H. virescens. RP TILLMAN, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB, POB 346, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 24 IS 2 BP 409 EP 411 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RH348 UT WOS:A1995RH34800031 ER PT J AU PORTER, SD PESQUERO, MA CAMPIOLO, S FOWLER, HG AF PORTER, SD PESQUERO, MA CAMPIOLO, S FOWLER, HG TI GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PSEUDACTEON PHORID FLY MAGGOTS (DIPTERA, PHORIDAE) IN THE HEADS OF SOLENOPSIS FIRE ANT WORKERS (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOCONTROL; PARASITE; BRAZIL; SOUTH AMERICA; LARVA; PUPA ID LIFE-HISTORY; OVIPOSITION; INVICTA; SIZE AB We studied the growth and development of the parasitic phorid fly Pseudacteon litoralis Borgmeier in the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. The fly apparently lays one egg in or on the thorax of a major worker. The newly hatched maggot migrates into the head of the ant where it develops through its last two instars in approximate to 3 wk (23 degrees C). Just before pupariation, an enzyme is apparently released that begins dissolving the cuticular membranes of the ant. The maggot then consumes the entire contents of the ant head, a process that usually results in decapitation of its living host. After pushing the mouth parts aside, the maggot pupariates within the empty head capsule, positioned so that the anterior three segments precisely fill the oral cavity. The pupal stage lasts approximate to 3 wk. Results of this study indicate that it should be possible to rear this fly for release as a natural biological control agent of imported fire ants in the United States. RP PORTER, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 23 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 24 IS 2 BP 475 EP 479 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RH348 UT WOS:A1995RH34800040 ER PT J AU IGNOFFO, CM GARCIA, C AF IGNOFFO, CM GARCIA, C TI AROMATIC/HETEROCYCLIC AMINO-ACIDS AND THE STIMULATED SUNLIGHT ULTRAVIOLET INACTIVATION OF THE HELIOTHIS HELICOVERPA BACULOVIRUS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELICOVERPA HELIOTHIS; BACULOVIRUS UV INACTIVATION; AMINO ACIDS ID LYMANTRIIDAE NUCLEOPOLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; SIMULATED SUNLIGHT; INCLUSION-BODIES; NOCTUIDAE; SCREENS; LARVAE; ZEA AB Tryptophan, of five aromatic/heterocyclic amino acids (tyrosine, phenylalanine, proline histidine) provided significant protection of the Heliothis baculovirus (HzSNPV) from inactivation by simulated sunlight ultraviolet (SUV). Fifty percent of SUV protection of HzSNPV with tryptophan or tyrosine was obtained at 0.03 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively. Rates as high as 100.0 mg/ml of phenylalanine, histidine, or proline provided <50% protection. The extent of tryptophan protection was correlated with its absorption in the sunlight UV-B spectra. RP IGNOFFO, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 24 IS 2 BP 480 EP 482 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RH348 UT WOS:A1995RH34800041 ER PT J AU SPURLOCK, FC HUANG, K VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF SPURLOCK, FC HUANG, K VANGENUCHTEN, MT TI ISOTHERM NONLINEARITY AND NONEQUILIBRIUM SORPTION EFFECTS ON TRANSPORT OF FENURON AND MONURON IN SOIL COLUMNS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HALOGENATED ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; LONG-TERM SORPTION; POROUS-MEDIA; AQUIFER MATERIAL; EQUILIBRIUM; WATER AB The influence of nonlinear sorption and prior sorbate/sorbent sorbent exposure time on transport of fenuron and monuron in laboratory soil columns was studied. Observed monuron breakthrough curves (BTCs) were well described using a two-region transport model with a single mass-transfer rate coefficient, independent of prior sorbate/sorbent exposure history. However, levels of soil-resident postelution monuron increased considerably with increasing exposure time, indicating increased sorption nonequilibrium with aging. Significant sorption nonequilibrium was observed for fenuron in spite of relatively high water solubility, low sorption, and relatively short sorbate/sorbent exposure time (ca. 1-2 weeks). Sorption of fenuron was measured at solution concentrations up to the aqueous solubility limit. Batch data were reasonably well described by two distinct Freundlich isotherms depending on the concentration range. Accordingly, fenuron retardation factors varied significantly with concentration, displaying a minimum at intermediate concentration values. A comparison of linear and nonlinear transport modeling approaches suggests that failure to consider isotherm nonlinearity may be a source of considerable error when estimating nonequilibrium transport parameters from experimental BTCs. C1 USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. RP SPURLOCK, FC (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT LAND AIR & WATER RESOURCES,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 26 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1000 EP 1007 DI 10.1021/es00004a021 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QP709 UT WOS:A1995QP70900031 PM 22176408 ER PT J AU WU, L CHEN, JG TANJI, KK BANUELOS, GS AF WU, L CHEN, JG TANJI, KK BANUELOS, GS TI DISTRIBUTION AND BIOMAGNIFICATION OF SELENIUM IN A RESTORED UPLAND GRASSLAND CONTAMINATED BY SELENIUM FROM AGRICULTURAL DRAIN WATER SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BIOMAGNIFICATION; GRASSLAND; GRASSHOPPER; PRAYING MANTIS; SELENIUM ACCUMULATION ID IRRIGATION AB Kesterson Reservoir was a wetland contaminated with selenium (Se)-enriched agricultural drainage water. As part of the remediation of the selenium contamination, evaporation ponds at gesterson were dried out and the selenium-contaminated wetlands were transformed into an upland grassland. The distribution of Se in both the soil and vegetation was monitored in these upland grasslands for 5 years. From May 1989 to September 1993 the distribution of soil Se in the sediment did not change significantly, and the soil Se inventory was not remobilized. Biomagnification of selenium in seven sites representing a gradient of soil Se concentrations was examined for three food-chain trophic levels. The pattern of Se bioaccumulation shows that there was a considerable increase from the water-extractable soil Se concentration (source) to the plant (producer) tissue Se concentration and from the grasshopper (primary consumer) tissue Se concentration to praying mantis (secondary consumer) tissue Se concentration. No consistent pattern of increase in Se concentration from the plant to the grasshopper level was apparent. The absolute values of Se bioaccumulation in the insects reflect the available Se concentrations in the soil of the habitat. This relationship indicates that the insects were not actively moving from their local habitat. This discovery suggests that, indeed, a Se biomagnification process did occur in this upland grassland ecosystem. In comparison with the previous state of Kesterson wetland, the upland grassland had Se bioaccumulations less than 10% of those found in the wetland. The upland grassland appears to provide a safer habitat than the wetland with respect to the elevated soil Se concentrations. However, some existing high soil Se concentration sites in the grassland may produce toxic levels of Se in the food chain. Additional research is needed to restore this deteriorated habitat and ensure the safety of wildlife and humans. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT LAND AIR & WATER RESOURCES,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727. RP WU, L (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENVIRONM HORT,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 11 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4 BP 733 EP 742 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[733:DABOSI]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QN885 UT WOS:A1995QN88500022 ER PT J AU REDDY, VR REDDY, KR HODGES, HF AF REDDY, VR REDDY, KR HODGES, HF TI CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON COTTON CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS, TRANSPIRATION, AND WATER-USE EFFICIENCY SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ATMOSPHERIC COP; GOSSYPIUM; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE; TRANSPIRATION; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY ID CROP YIELD; RESPIRATION; GROWTH; CO2; RESPONSES; SIMULATION; CLIMATE; LEAVES AB The objectives of this study were to evaluate effects of ambient and double ambient [CO2] at a range of growing temperatures on photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, water-use efficiency and dry matter accumulation of cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L., cv. DPL 50). In Experiment I, plants were grown outdoors until first bloom, then transferred into naturally lit growth chambers and grown for 22 days at 30/ 18 degrees C with five CO2 concentrations varying from 350 to 900 mu l l(-1). In Experiment II, air temperatures were maintained at 20/12, 25/17, 30/22, and 35/27 degrees C day/night during a 70-day experimental period with [CO2] of 350 and 700 mu l l(-1) at each temperature, Photosynthesis increased with [CO2] from 350 to 700 mu l l(-1) and with temperature. Plants grown at 35/27 degrees C produced fewer bells due to abscission compared with plants grown at optimum temperatures (30/20 degrees C). At higher [CO2], water-use efficiency increased at all temperatures due mainly to increased canopy photosynthesis but also to more limited extent to reduced canopy transpiration. Increased photosynthesis at higher [CO2] resulted in greater dry matter accumulation at all temperatures except at 20/12 degrees C. Respiration increased as dry matter and temperature increased. Plants grown at higher [CO2] had less respiration per unit dry matter but more per unit area. These results indicate that future increases in [CO2] are likely to benefit cotton production by increasing carbon assimilation under temperatures favorable for cotton growth. Reduced fruit weights at higher temperatures indicate potential negative effects on production if air temperatures increase as projected in a high-CO2 world. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. USDA ARS,SYST RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OI Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 34 TC 36 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 41 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(94)00104-K PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QY420 UT WOS:A1995QY42000002 ER PT J AU BREIDT, F CROWLEY, KA FLEMING, HP AF BREIDT, F CROWLEY, KA FLEMING, HP TI CONTROLLING CABBAGE FERMENTATIONS WITH NISIN AND NISIN-RESISTANT LEUCONOSTOC-MESENTEROIDES SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CUCUMBER FERMENTATIONS; LACTOBACILLUS; LACTOCOCCUS; LISTERIA; BACILLUS AB A paired starter culture system for sauerkraut fermentation was proposed previously by our laboratory, consisting of a nisin-producing strain of Lactococcus lactis and a nisin-resistant strain of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The objectives of this study were to determine nisin production and stability by a genetically marked culture of L. lactis NCK400 in brined cabbage fermentations and to study the effect of purified nisin on the natural microflora in brined cabbage. We found that NCK400 produced up to 700 IU ml-1 of nisin in brined cabbage within 24 h, but by 72 h nisin activity was no longer detectable. The nisin produced was shown to have an effect on the microflora of the fermentation, however, resulting in a 40% reduction in the population of homofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) at 33 days. We also found that the addition of purified nisin to brined cabbage (up to 12 000 IU ml-1) resulted in a reduction in the cell counts of LAB, as compared to a non-treated cabbage brine, to the extent that fermentation by Gram-negative bacteria occurred. The addition of a nisin-resistant L. mesenteroides strain to the nisin-treated cabbage resulted in a heterolactic fermentation by the added culture, with no evidence of a homolactic fermentation for at least 20 days. We concluded that nisin produced in situ or added to brined cabbage can direct the progression of the species in the resultant fermentations, by preventing the growth of naturally present LAB. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,DEPT FOOD SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 12 IS 2 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1016/S0740-0020(95)80086-7 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA QR374 UT WOS:A1995QR37400003 ER PT J AU DOUGHERTY, PM HENNESSEY, TC ZARNOCH, SJ STENBERG, PT HOLEMAN, RT WITTWER, RF AF DOUGHERTY, PM HENNESSEY, TC ZARNOCH, SJ STENBERG, PT HOLEMAN, RT WITTWER, RF TI EFFECTS OF STAND DEVELOPMENT AND WEATHER ON MONTHLY LEAF BIOMASS DYNAMICS OF A LOBLOLLY-PINE (PINUS-TAEDA L) STAND SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; MONTHLY TEMPERATURE; NEEDLEFALL; NEEDLE PRODUCTION; PHENOLOGY; RAINFALL ID RADIATA FOLIAGE; NITROGEN STRESS; CANOPY; WATER AB Annual leaf biomass production, monthly needle accretion and monthly needlefall were measured in an 11- to 17-year-old thinned stand of loblolly pine. Initial thinning levels were 7.8 m2 ha-1, 12.6 m2 ha-1, and 25.5 m2 ha-1 (unthinned). A light thinning was done again at Age 14. Annual variations in annual leaf biomass production and monthly variations in monthly needle accretion and needlefall were related to measured stand and weather variables. Age variations in annual leaf biomass production occurred over the 6 year study period. The variation in annual leaf biomass production was best quantified as a quadratic function of stand basal area and average weighted temperature for the months of June, July, August and September. Although stand basal area was the major determinant of annual leaf biomass production, an increase in average temperature from 24.5 to 26.5-degrees-C resulted in a 27% reduction in annual leaf biomass production. This was translated to an approximate reduction of 7.3 m2 ha-1 year-1 of stemwood. Monthly needle accretion varied little between years or with stand density. Thus, a single normalized logistic function was suitable for describing monthly needle accretion for all 6 years. Monthly needlefall was variable from year to year. Variation in needlefall was low for a period of 7 months (January 16-August 15). During this period monthly needlefall averaged from 3 to 8% of the previous year's annual leaf biomass production at the beginning of the phenological year. Variation in this 7 month period was not consistently related to stand density or any of the weather variables considered in this study. Monthly needlefall from August 16 to January 15 was extremely variable. This variability was not related to stand density. The weather variable that explained most of the monthly variation in needlefall during this period was the average rain-potential evapotranspiration determined for the 2 months preceding a monthly needlefall event. Peak needlefall was found to occur 2 months earlier in a drought year than in a year when rain-potential evapotranspiration was high. C1 US FOREST SERV,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV HELSINKI,DEPT FOREST ECOL,SF-00170 HELSINKI 17,FINLAND. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP DOUGHERTY, PM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 13 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR PY 1995 VL 72 IS 2-3 BP 213 EP 227 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(95)97452-X PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QX260 UT WOS:A1995QX26000010 ER PT J AU SMITH, ML AF SMITH, ML TI COMMUNITY AND EDAPHIC ANALYSIS OF UPLAND NORTHERN HARDWOOD COMMUNITIES, CENTRAL VERMONT, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE LAND CLASSIFICATION; SITE; CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS ID NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; NEW-ENGLAND; FOREST; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEMS; MICHIGAN; DYNAMICS; GRADIENT; HABITAT AB An ecological multifactor approach was used to identify and describe upland northern hardwood site types and species groups on the central Green Mountains, Vermont. Seven ecological types and ten species groups were identified by a method combining plot sampling of vegetative and soil-site variables and numerical analysis. Two-way indicator species analysis and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to evaluate the distinctness of the identified ecological types and species groups and to compare the discriminating abilities of different ecosystem components (landscape position, vegetation, and soil). Each ecological type was a characteristic combination of physiography, landscape position, soil, and vegetation. Descriptions of the relationships of species groups to gradients of soil moisture and fertility, inferred from landscape position and substrate are presented. CCA demonstrated that most species within defined groups had similar ecological responses. Few groups occurred in only one ecological type. In all cases evaluation of topographic and soil factors in conjunction with species groups facilitated identification of ecological types. RP US FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN, POB 640, DURHAM, NH 03824 USA. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR PY 1995 VL 72 IS 2-3 BP 235 EP 249 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(94)03456-7 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QX260 UT WOS:A1995QX26000012 ER PT J AU SMITH, PM HAAS, MP LUPPOLD, WG AF SMITH, PM HAAS, MP LUPPOLD, WG TI AN ANALYSIS OF TROPICAL HARDWOOD PRODUCT IMPORTATION AND CONSUMPTION IN THE UNITED-STATES SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The consumption of forest products emanating from tropical rainforests is an issue that is receiving increasing attention in the United States. This attention stems from concerns over the sustainability of tropical ecosystems. However, trade statistics show the United States imported only 4.0 percent of all tropical timber products traded globally in 1989. In addition, the global trade in tropical timber products is estimated to be directly responsible for only about 4 percent of the volume of tropical forests cut. Therefore, U.S. imports account for less than two-tenths of one percent of the world's tropical deforestation. The U.S. furniture industry consumed less than one-third (on a value basis) of all the tropical timber imported by the United States in 1993. Our calculations show that the U.S. furniture industry tropical wood consumption represents less than one-tenth of one percent of the world's tropical deforestation. C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,PRINCETON,WV 24740. RP SMITH, PM (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1995 VL 45 IS 4 BP 31 EP 37 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA QU607 UT WOS:A1995QU60700003 ER PT J AU GATCHELL, CJ WIEDENBECK, JK WALKER, ES AF GATCHELL, CJ WIEDENBECK, JK WALKER, ES TI UNDERSTANDING THAT RED OAK LUMBER HAS A BETTER AND WORSE END SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROOK AB We have found that the majority of red oak boards generally have one end that is distinctly better than the other and believe this finding applies to hardwoods, in general. Application of this knowledge can have important implications for lumber processing, particularly in gang-rip-first operations. The better ends produce better overall yield, more primary yield, less salvage yield, and more yield in longer and wider cuttings. RP GATCHELL, CJ (reprint author), USDA,SERV FOREST,NE FOREST EXPT STN,RT 2,BOX 562-B,PRINCETON,WV 24740, USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1995 VL 45 IS 4 BP 54 EP 60 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA QU607 UT WOS:A1995QU60700007 ER PT J AU DRAPER, A VORSA, N GALLETA, G JELENKOVIC, G EHLENFELDT, M AF DRAPER, A VORSA, N GALLETA, G JELENKOVIC, G EHLENFELDT, M TI TORO HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM; FRUIT BREEDING AB 'Toro' is a midseason Letraploid highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L., resulting from the cooperative breeding program of the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture and the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station. 'Toro' ripens with 'Bluecrop' in southern New Jersey (early July to late July). 'Toro' has good fresh fruit flavor, is very productive, and retains good fruit color through the fruiting season. 'Toro plants complement are strong and upright. 'Toro' may complement 'Bluecrop' or be an alternative for fresh and frozen markets in northern U.S. blueberry production areas. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD APR PY 1995 VL 49 IS 2 BP 99 EP 100 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA QT156 UT WOS:A1995QT15600008 ER PT J AU DUTTA, SK SILVERSTEIN, RJ FLEISHER, AS VENGURLEKAR, SM AF DUTTA, SK SILVERSTEIN, RJ FLEISHER, AS VENGURLEKAR, SM TI INCREASED EXPRESSION OF CD44 IN ISOLATED FECAL COLONOCYTES IN PATIENTS WITH COLONIC NEOPLASIA SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SINAI HOSP BALTIMORE,DEPT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 3 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1995 VL 108 IS 4 SU S BP A463 EP A463 DI 10.1016/0016-5085(95)26165-6 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA QT863 UT WOS:A1995QT86301839 ER EF