FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU RATH, D NIEMANN, H JOHNSON, LA AF RATH, D NIEMANN, H JOHNSON, LA TI GAMETE INTRAFALLOPIAN TRANSFER (GIFT), AN ALTERNATIVE TO IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION PROCEDURES FOR SPECIAL APPLICATIONS SO REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Hungarian Reproduction Meeting CY SEP 19-20, 1994 CL BALATONFURED, HUNGARY SP ROUSSEL UCLAF, AUTOPRESS KORANDO, BIOCONSULT CO, ERDOS CO, HUNGARIAN ARTIFICIAL INSEMINAT LTD, HUNGARIAN COMMERCIAL BANK LTD, NOACK HUNGARY, PHAR ACCORD, PHARMARET CO, PRIM A VET CO, SANOFI PHYLAXIA, UNI VET CO, VET UNITRADE CO, HUNGARIAN MINIST AGR C1 USDA,GERM PLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP RATH, D (reprint author), INST TIERZUCHT & TIERVERHALTEN,D-31535 NEUSTADT,GERMANY. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0936-6768 J9 REPROD DOMEST ANIM JI Reprod. Domest. Anim. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 29 IS 5 BP 349 EP 351 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0531.1994.tb00573.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA PG131 UT WOS:A1994PG13100006 ER PT J AU GRAY, TW AF GRAY, TW TI AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES IN TRANSITION - CSAKI,CK, KISLEV,Y SO RURAL SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP GRAY, TW (reprint author), USDA,AGR COOPERAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RURAL SOCIOLOGICAL SOC PI BOZEMAN PA ANNE S WILLIAMS, TREASURER MONTANA STATE UNIV DEPT SOCIOLOGY, BOZEMAN, MT 59717 SN 0036-0112 J9 RURAL SOCIOL JI Rural Sociol. PD FAL PY 1994 VL 59 IS 3 BP 565 EP 567 PG 3 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA PQ579 UT WOS:A1994PQ57900022 ER PT J AU MAKUS, DJ ANDERSON, JA SPRINGER, TL AF MAKUS, DJ ANDERSON, JA SPRINGER, TL TI FREEZE AVOIDANCE IN GREEN AND WHITE ASPARAGUS SPEARS SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE ASPARAGUS-OFFICINALIS; EXOTHERM; ICE NUCLEATION; ICE-NUCLEATION ACTIVE (INA) BACTERIA ID ICE NUCLEATION; FROST INJURY; PLANTS; BACTERIA; WATER AB Previous studies have indicated that white asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) spears grown under black plastic mulch tended to incur less freeze damage than green spears grown without cover. The objectives of our study were to determine whether ice-nucleation active (INA) bacteria limit supercooling of asparagus spears and whether the apparent greater freeze survival of white asparagus spears, compared with green spears, was primarily due to differences in supercooling or minimum exposure temperature. Freezing of detached green and white asparagus in a low temperature chamber occurred at -5.7-degrees-C and -6.6-degrees-C, respectively, averaged over three harvest dates in both 1991 and 1992. Freezing temperature differences were significant (P = 0.06) only on 17 April 1991, with green spears freezing 3.8-degrees-C higher than white spears. INA bacteria averaged 2.9 x 10(3) cells g-1 fresh weight on green spears and were not detected on white spears on 17 April 1991. Mean INA bacterial populations were less than 2.3 x 10(2) cells g-1 fresh weight on white spears on all harvests and on five of six harvest dates from green spears. Monitoring spear temperatures in the field during a natural freeze to -9.0-degrees-C on 10 March 1992 indicated freezing temperatures from -3-degrees-C to -5-degrees-C. No emerged spears survived this exposure. Minimum air temperatures were about 2-degrees-C colder in uncovered rows, compared with covered rows. A subsequent freeze to -4.7-degrees-C on 23 March 1992 resulted in 0% and 52% surviving green and white asparagus spears, respectively. Asparagus spears exhibited a moderate potential to avoid freezing by supercooling that was greater under labortory conditions than in the field. Degree of survival appeared to be primarily to differences in minimum temperature and freeze duration under plastic covered and uncovered rows, rather than differences in supercooling capacity. C1 USDA ARS,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,STILLWATER,OK 74078. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/0304-4238(94)90086-8 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PN174 UT WOS:A1994PN17400001 ER PT J AU POOLER, MR SIMON, PW AF POOLER, MR SIMON, PW TI TRUE SEED PRODUCTION IN GARLIC SO SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE ALLIUM SATIVUM L; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; SEED ID GENUS ALLIUM AB Despite a long history of obligate vegetative propagation, selected garlic clones can produce sexual seeds. By removing vegetative topsets from the inflorescence and cutting inflorescences from the underground bulb, 63 germinable seeds were produced from 11 garlic clones in Wisconsin. Protein analysis of the seedlings confirms their snygamic origin. The generation of new recombinants through sexual reproduction could have a major impact on garlic production worldwide. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT HORT,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0934-0882 J9 SEX PLANT REPROD JI Sex. Plant Reprod. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 7 IS 5 BP 282 EP 286 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology SC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology GA PE019 UT WOS:A1994PE01900004 ER PT J AU SMITH, JL HALVORSON, JJ BOLTON, H AF SMITH, JL HALVORSON, JJ BOLTON, H TI SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS OF SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS AND C AND N MINERALIZATION IN A SEMIARID SHRUB-STEPPE ECOSYSTEM SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; DEPENDENT VARIABILITY; POTENTIALS; NITRIFIERS; HISTORIES; PASTURE; NITRATE; YIELD AB Microbial mineralization of both C and N in the shrub-steppe soils of central Washington influence plant productivity and ecosystem stability. Microbial processes in arid ecosystems are in turn influenced by heterogeneously-spaced plants and abiotic variables. Our objective was to determine the spatial relationships of C and N mineralization and microbial biomass to plant location. We measured inorganic N pools, microbial biomass and C and N mineralization potentials (C(o), N(o)) from 205 soil samples positioned around five Artemisia tridentata shrub plants. Most variables showed log normal distributions and all were significantly correlated to each other. Microbial biomass had the highest positive correlation with C mineralization and soluble C. The metabolic C quotient (qCO2) was twice that of other natural forest and grassland ecosystems. In addition the metabolic N quotient (qN) was lower in the shrub-steppe soil compared to other ecosystems. The coupled metabolic quotients indicate the shrub-steppe soil has low substrate quality with a high N immobilization capacity. Geostatistical analysis of spatial relationships showed that samples were spatially related with each other to a distance of 0.5-1.0 m. At sample locations where microbial biomass was high C(o) was also high. In contrast, N(o) was low in these areas. Cross-correlation with plants showed that C(o) was spatially related to shrubs and not to grass plants and that N(o) was not related to any plant location. Cross-correlation analysis revealed that variables that are linearly correlated may not necessarily be spatially correlated. Our study showed that the resource island effect of nutrients and microbial biomass in the shrub-steppe ecosystem is important when estimating microbial processes at the landscape level. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, DEPT ENVIRONM SCI, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP SMITH, JL (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, 215 JOHNSON HALL, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011 NR 29 TC 110 Z9 124 U1 4 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1151 EP 1159 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(94)90137-6 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PD218 UT WOS:A1994PD21800007 ER PT J AU PARKIN, TB BERRY, EC AF PARKIN, TB BERRY, EC TI NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH EARTHWORM CASTS SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SURROUNDING SOIL; DENITRIFICATION; OXIDE; RATES AB Earthworms are intimately involved in the cycling of C and N in soil. Earthworm casts are enriched in mineral N; however, there have been few studies of the dynamics of microbial N transformations associated with earthworm casts. We evaluated the N-transformations in earthworm casts as affected by organic residues used as a food source by earthworms. Denitrification rate, nitrification potential and mineral N content of the casts of two earthworm species (Octolasian tyrtaeum Savigny and Aporrectodea tuberculata Eisen) were assessed in laboratory trials. Trials were made in plastic chambers (600 g soil) with three organic-C treatments: 20 g fresh hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), 5.5 g air-dried hairy vetch or 5.5 g air-dried horse (Equus caballus) manure. Earthworm casts were enriched in mineral N, relative to surrounding soil, and that the amount of N accumulated in earthworm casts was a reflection of the N content of the organic matter used as a food source by the earthworms. Casts had elevated denitrification rates, compared to soil, however, rates were low relative to the elevated NO3- concentrations in the casts (80-100 mug NO3--N g-1 dry wt). Observed denitrification rates appeared to be related to the quality of organic matter available to the earthworms, but were not significantly affected by species of worm. RP PARKIN, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL SOIL TILTH LAB, 2150 PAMMEL DR, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NR 20 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1233 EP 1238 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(94)90148-1 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PD218 UT WOS:A1994PD21800018 ER PT J AU LORY, JA RUSSELLE, MP AF LORY, JA RUSSELLE, MP TI EVALUATION OF A DIFFUSION METHOD FOR PREPARING LOW-NITROGEN SAMPLES FOR N-15 ANALYSIS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AUTOMATED N-15 ANALYSIS; SOIL EXTRACTS AB Ammonia diffusion techniques have been advocated to eliminate crosscontamination problems associated with distillation methods for concentrating low-N-content samples for N-15 analysis. Two potential problems with diffusion are nonquantitative N recovery and isotopic fractionation. These are most likely to have significant effects for low-N-content samples. We evaluated the ability of a diffusion method to accurately prepare low-N (<1000 mu g N), high-volume (55 mL) simulated acidic digest samples and quantified sinks for N in the diffusion system. This diffusion system trapped N on an acid-impregnated glass fiber disk suspended above the sample solution. The N-15/N-14 isotopic ratio of N recovered on the disk declined linearly as the quantity of N in the original sample solution decreased below 500 mu g N. Nitrogen-15 values adjusted for contamination detected in reagent blanks still differed significantly from nondiffused reagent blanks. Significant sinks of N other than the acidified disk existed despite efforts to minimize them. The method produced unexplained changes in isotopic composition of the sample. These results emphasize the importance of thoroughly evaluating any NH3 diffusion technique with representative sample types in each laboratory before adoption of the technique for routine use. In addition, we recommend standard curves as a more robust method for adjusting N-15 values for errors associated with diffusion. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP LORY, JA (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,119 KEIM HALL E CAMPUS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1400 EP 1404 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PH246 UT WOS:A1994PH24600017 ER PT J AU TORBERT, HA REEVES, DW AF TORBERT, HA REEVES, DW TI FERTILIZER NITROGEN REQUIREMENTS FOR COTTON PRODUCTION AS AFFECTED BY TILLAGE AND TRAFFIC SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL COMPACTION; SPRING WHEAT; NO-TILLAGE; GROWTH; SYSTEM; CORN; NITRATE; LOSSES; YIELD; FATE AB Soil compaction and its associated problems have led to interest in investigating the interactive effects of traffic and tillage systems on fertilizer N requirement for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). In 1987, a study was initiated on a thermic Typic Hapludult soil complex with a cropping system of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-cotton double cropped. The experimental design was a split-split plot with four replications. Main plots were two traffic treatments (conventional and no-traffic), subplots were four tillage systems for cotton (surface tillage without subsoiling [surface-only], surface tillage and annual in-row subsoiling [subsoiling], surface tillage with one-time-only complete disruption of the tillage pan [complete], or no surface tillage and in-row subsoiling [strip-till]), and sub-subplots were four N rates (0, 45, 90, and 135 kg N ha(-1)). In addition, application of N-15-labeled NH4NO3 was made to microplots inside each tillage-traffic-90 kg N ha(-1) plot. In 1990 and 1991, increasing N application increased cotton biomass and decreased lint percentage. In the dry year of 1990, no-traffic decreased seed cotton yield from 1500 to 1360 kg ha(-1), while tillage had no significant effects on cotton yield components. Above-normal rainfall in 1991 resulted in the strip-till with no-traffic treatment having the highest seed cotton yield (2749 kg ha(-1)) and the greatest fertilizer N uptake efficiency (35%). Results indicate that the detrimental effects of traffic on N uptake efficiency may be reduced with conservation tillage systems and that higher fertilizer N application rates may not be needed for conservation tillage practices such as strip-till in Coastal Plain soils. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831. RP TORBERT, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1416 EP 1423 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PH246 UT WOS:A1994PH24600020 ER PT J AU SU, CM EVANS, LJ BATES, TE SPIERS, GA AF SU, CM EVANS, LJ BATES, TE SPIERS, GA TI EXTRACTABLE SOIL BORON AND ALFALFA UPTAKE - CALCIUM-CARBONATE EFFECTS ON ACID SOIL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ADSORPTION; WATER AB Since soil tests for B in fine-textured soils give inconsistent predictions and the amendment of acidic soils with CaCO3 is a common practice, the suitability of extractants for plant-available B in a CaCO3-amended clayey soil was studied. This research investigated the pH effect on B adsorption, the changes in the amounts of hot-water-extractable B (HW-B), mannitol-extractable B (MANN-B), and soil solution B (SOLN-B) as a result of B and CaCO3 addition to a silty clay soil (a clayey, mixed, mesic Typic Humaquept) with an initial pH of 4.2. The relationship between the amounts of extractable B and B uptake by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was also studied. Amounts of extractable B in soil were in the order HW-B > MANN-B > SOLN-B, decreasing with increasing pH and after growth of alfalfa. Addition of 2.5 and 5.0 g CaCO3 kg(-1) increased alfalfa dry matter yield; whereas addition of 0.5 and 1,5 mK B kg(-1) had no effect. In the absence of added B, the B concentration in alfalfa shoots decreased with increasing pH. Linear correlations between B concentration in alfalfa shoots and extractable B in soil were significant for all three cuts and for all three extractants. Total uptake of B was significantly correlated with all forms of extractable B except HW-B for the third cut only. Inclusion of pH improved the relationship for the other cuts. The dilution of B in plant shoots by CaCO3-stimulated growth may result in B deficiency. C1 UNIV GUELPH,DEPT LAND RESOURCE SCI,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ON,CANADA. RP SU, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1445 EP 1450 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PH246 UT WOS:A1994PH24600024 ER PT J AU MEEK, BD CARTER, DL WESTERMANN, DT PECKENPAUGH, RE AF MEEK, BD CARTER, DL WESTERMANN, DT PECKENPAUGH, RE TI ROOT-ZONE MINERAL NITROGEN CHANGES AS AFFECTED BY CROP SEQUENCE AND TILLAGE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ALFALFA; AVAILABILITY; PATTERNS AB Crop sequence and tillage affect soil mineral N (NH4 plus NO3) and NO3 leaching below the root zone following alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). A 2-yr field experiment was conducted in south-central Idaho to determine the effect on soil NO3 levels of a corn (Zea mays L.)wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation compared with a bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)-bean rotation and to demonstrate improved N utilization with a corn-wheat rotation. Alfalfa, growing on an irrigated Portnenf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Durixerollic Calciorthid), was killed in October 1989 with herbicide. Treatments were: (i) BT-BT: conventional tilled bean grown in 1990 and 1991; (ii) CNT-WNT: no-till silage corn grown in 1990, and no-till winter wheat grown in 1990-1991; and (iii) CT-WT: same as CNT-WNT but under conventional tillage. Similar amounts of soil N were mineralized the first (275 kg N ha(-1)) and second (213 kg N ha(-1)) year after killing the alfalfa in all treatments. The BT-BT treatment had the highest growing-season soil mineral N (up to 251 kg ha(-1), 0-0.45-m depth) because the N uptake by bean was lower (187 kK N ha(-1)) than corn (252 kg N ha(-1), average of CT-WT and CNT-WNT treatments) in 1990 and later than winter wheat uptake in 1991. Most wheat N uptake had occurred by late June when bean uptake was just starting. A rotation that follows alfalfa with corn or a crop with a similar N uptake pattern, instead of bean, will save N fertilizer, lower soil NO3 levels, and reduce NO3 leaching potential. RP MEEK, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1464 EP 1469 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PH246 UT WOS:A1994PH24600027 ER PT J AU MCCRACKEN, DV SMITH, MS GROVE, JH MACKOWN, CT BLEVINS, RL AF MCCRACKEN, DV SMITH, MS GROVE, JH MACKOWN, CT BLEVINS, RL TI NITRATE LEACHING AS INFLUENCED BY COVER CROPPING AND NITROGEN-SOURCE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CORN PRODUCTION; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; CROPS; RECOVERY AB To minimize groundwater contamination by NO3- and to maximize efficient crop N use, it is necessary to better characterize NO3- leaching in various cropping systems. Our objectives were to compare the contributions of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and NH: N sources to NO3- leaching in corn (Zen mays L.) production, and to compare NO3- leaching losses in a corn production system utilizing hairy vetch as a N source and winter cover crop with leaching losses in one utilizing an NH4+ N source and a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop. Nitrogen, sometimes enriched with N-15, was applied to corn grown on a Maury silt loam (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Paleudalf) in lysimeters as vetch-or NH4+-N at rates;between 10.5 and 14.0 g N m(-2) yr(-1). Treatments (N source/cover crop) were: NH4+-N/fallow, vetch-N/fallow, NH4+-N/ rye, and vetch-N/vetch; mean 3-yr cumulative NO3- leaching losses were 6.11, 4.85, 0.35, and 2.51 g N m-l, respectively. Total recovery of added N-15 in leachate was <5% for all treatments, and the percentage of leached NO3- derived from labeled N sources was generally <15%. In the winter-fallow lysimeters, effects of N source on the fraction of water input discharged, concentration of NO3-, and quantity of NO3- leached varied with year and time of year; differences in N-source availability and mulch effects were sometimes indicated. Generally, cover crop effects were larger than N-source effects. The NH4+ N source/rye cover system leached consistently less NO3- than the vetch N source/vetch cover system, even though the fraction of water discharged was not consistently different. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP MCCRACKEN, DV (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,GEORGIA STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 38 TC 115 Z9 124 U1 4 U2 42 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1476 EP 1483 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PH246 UT WOS:A1994PH24600029 ER PT J AU REICHERT, JM NORTON, LD AF REICHERT, JM NORTON, LD TI FLUIDIZED-BED BOTTOM-ASH EFFECTS ON INFILTRATION AND EROSION OF SWELLING SOILS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATION; DARLING-DOWNS; FLOCCULATION; RAINFALL; SUSPENSIONS; QUEENSLAND; MOVEMENT; GYPSUM AB Fluidized bed combustion (FBC) bottom ash, rather than being used as fill at dumping sites, can be utilized to amend certain soils for erosion control. Because FBC bottom ash is a source of both electrolytes and alkalinity, its effectiveness in controlling runoff and erosion should be greater on soils with a predominance of permanent charges. Five soils, with and without addition of 5 Mg ha(-1) surface-applied FBC bottom ash, were prewetted and subjected to 110 mm h(-1) rain for 90 min. The critical flocculation concentration (CFC) varied from 0.5 mmol(c) L(-1) for the smectitic-kaolinitic soil to 3.5 mmol(c) L(-1) for the illitic soil. Steady-state infiltration rates (I,) for the control were very low, ranging from 1.8 to 5.8 mm h(-1). These rates were increased 3.6- to 5.0-fold with the application of FBC bottom ash, with a lesser increase for the highly smectitic and illitic soils. For the control, total soil loss ranged from 220 to 1998 g m(-2), and total water loss from 78 to 112 mn, with the greatest losses for soils with a large cation-exchange capacity/clay ratio. The FBC bottom ash reduced total water loss by 1.1- to 2.0-fold and total soil loss by 1.5- to 3.9-fold. The CFC of the soil was correlated with I,, while aggregate stability was correlated with erosion and total runoff. The FBC bottom ash effectiveness in increasing infiltration and controlling erosion on these soils is attributed to an increase in electrolytes in the runoff, thus decreasing soil swelling and the dispersion of clay platelets and preventing surface sealing. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. ESCUELA AGR REG TROP HUMEDA,SAN JOSE,COSTA RICA. RI Reichert, Jose/F-2393-2014; Reichert, Jose Miguel/F-8189-2012 OI Reichert, Jose/0000-0003-3130-5264; NR 24 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1483 EP 1488 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PH246 UT WOS:A1994PH24600030 ER PT J AU TROJAN, MD LINDEN, DR AF TROJAN, MD LINDEN, DR TI TILLAGE, RESIDUE, AND RAINFALL EFFECTS ON MOVEMENT OF AN ORGANIC TRACER IN EARTHWORM-AFFECTED SOILS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RHODAMINE-WT; WATER; INFILTRATION; REDISTRIBUTION; PESTICIDE; CHANNELS; BURROWS AB A field study was conducted to determine the effects of tillage, residue, and rainfall on the movement of rhodamine WT (C29H29N2O5Na2Cl), a strongly adsorbed organic dye, in earthworm-affected soils. Rhodamine WT was uniformly applied to the surface of two separate, 0.063-m(2) areas within either no-till or conventionally tilled treatments in the presence or absence of residues. One area was exposed to a high intensity rainfall of 12 mm, whereas the second area received 193 mm of rainfall in 13 events during a 28-d period. Following rainfall, soils were excavated in layers to a depth of 40 cm and dye concentrations were determined. For the single rain event, dye concentration at the 28- to 40-cm depth was 1.20 and 0.63 mg kg(-1) in the no-till and conventionally tilled treatments containing residues, respectively, compared with concentrations near the detection limit (0.10 mg kg(-1)) in treatments without residues. For multiple-rain plots, dye concentrations of 1.80 and 0.93 mg kg(-1) were detected at the 28- to 40-cm depth in the no till with surface residue and no till without residue treatments, respectively, compared with concentrations near the detection limit for the conventionally tilled treatments. Staining patterns indicated that earthworm channels were responsible for dye movement below 20 cm. The differences in dye movement for single- and multiple-rain events suggests that properties of the macropore system, such as continuity and surface position, control preferential flow under differing tillage, residue, and rainfall conditions. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL SCI,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1489 EP 1494 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PH246 UT WOS:A1994PH24600031 ER PT J AU CAMBARDELLA, CA MOORMAN, TB NOVAK, JM PARKIN, TB KARLEN, DL TURCO, RF KONOPKA, AE AF CAMBARDELLA, CA MOORMAN, TB NOVAK, JM PARKIN, TB KARLEN, DL TURCO, RF KONOPKA, AE TI FIELD-SCALE VARIABILITY OF SOIL PROPERTIES IN CENTRAL IOWA SOILS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIRECT EXTRACTION METHOD; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; CHLOROFORM FUMIGATION; NITROGEN; CARBON; DENITRIFICATION; GEOSTATISTICS; RESPIRATION; RELEASE AB Spatial distributions of soil properties at the field and watershed scale may affect yield potential, hydrologic responses, and transport of herbicides and NO3- to surface or groundwater. Our research describes field-scale distributions and spatial trends for 28 different soil parameters at two sites within a watershed in central Iowa. Two of 27 parameters measured at one site and 10 of 14 parameters measured at the second site were normally distributed. Spatial variability was investigated using semivariograms and the ratio of nugget to total semivariance, expressed as a percentage, was used to classify spatial dependence. A ratio of <25% indicated strong spatial dependence, between 25 and 75% indicated moderate spatial dependence, and >75% indicated weak spatial dependence. Twelve parameters at Site one, including organic C, total N, pH, and macroaggregation, and four parameters at Site two, including organic C and total N, were strongly spatially dependent. Six parameters at Site one, including biomass C and N, bulk density, and denitrification, and 9 parameters at Site two, including biomass C and N and bulk density, were moderately spatially dependent. Three parameters at Site one, including NO3- N and ergosterol, and one parameter at Site two, mineral-associated N, were weakly spatially dependent. Distributions of exchangeable Ca and Mg at Site one were not spatially dependent. Spatial distributions for some soil properties were similar for both field sites. We will be able to exploit these similarities to improve our ability to extrapolate information taken from one field to other fields within similar landscapes. C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL & WATER RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC 29502. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP CAMBARDELLA, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Turco, Ronald/B-8739-2008; Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 OI Turco, Ronald/0000-0002-1794-1486; NR 37 TC 1158 Z9 1793 U1 33 U2 221 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1501 EP 1511 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PH246 UT WOS:A1994PH24600033 ER PT J AU BENJAMIN, JG HAVIS, HR AHUJA, LR ALONSO, CV AF BENJAMIN, JG HAVIS, HR AHUJA, LR ALONSO, CV TI LEACHING AND WATER-FLOW PATTERNS IN EVERY-FURROW AND ALTERNATE-FURROW IRRIGATION SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT AB Deep water percolation and chemical leaching is a recognized environmental problem with furrow irrigation. Alternate furrow irrigation (AFI) was hypothesized as a method to increase water-use efficiency and decrease chemical leaching compared with every-furrow irrigation (EFI). The SWMS_2D finite-element model was used to investigate water and CaCl2 movement in EFI and AFI with furrow-placed or ridge-placed fertilizer bands. Model simulations were conducted for a Crook loamy sand (mixed, mesic, Ustic Torripsamment) and a Nunn clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Aridic Argiustoll). Water isolation zones occurred with AFI and EFI that contributed little to overall profile drainage. The soil water contents after infiltration and redistribution were more uniform for EFI than for AFI for both soils. Water distribution was more uniform with AFI in the clay loam than in the loamy sand. Chemical movement was least with AFI and CaCl2 placement under the nonirrigated furrow. The greatest chemical leaching was predicted with furrow placement of CaCl2 and EFI. Results with CaCl2 suggest soluble chemicals or fertilizers placed under the nonirrigated furrow in loamy sand may not be available for plant uptake because the soil did not wet during irrigation. With either form of furrow irrigation, placement of a fertilizer in the ridge rather than in the furrow would decrease leaching of the fertilizer and keep the fertilizer in the root zone. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. RP BENJAMIN, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 13 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1511 EP 1517 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PH246 UT WOS:A1994PH24600034 ER PT J AU PIKUL, JL ZUZEL, JF AF PIKUL, JL ZUZEL, JF TI SOIL CRUSTING AND WATER INFILTRATION AFFECTED BY LONG-TERM TILLAGE AND RESIDUE MANAGEMENT SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AGGREGATE STABILITY; ORGANIC-MATTER; SURFACE; CARBON; RAINFALL; NITROGEN AB Soils with low organic carbon (OC) are prone to crusting. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of tillage and N-fertility on crusting and water infiltration. Experiments were conducted on two long-term winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) -fallow studies. Primary tillage treatments on a tillage study started in 1940 were moldhoard plow, disk, and sweep, with fertilizer rates of 45 and 180 kg N ha(-1). Primary tillage on a residue management study started in 1931 was spring moldboard plowing. Residue management consisted of wheat straw burned in fall with no added N (FB), 22.4 tons ha(-1) of strawy manure every other year (SM), and PO kg N ha(-1) every other year (N90). Water infiltration did not differ among tillage treatments but was 57% greater on 180 kg N ha(-1) than on 45 kg N ha(-1). Porosity of the surface crust on 180 kg N ha(-1) was 12% greater than on 45 kg N ha(-1) and 29% greater on SM than on FB. There was a 14% increase in porosity of the surface crust during winter on SM and N90 and a decrease in porosity on FB. Organic C was 62% greater on SM than on PB. Porosity was significantly correlated (r = 0.75) with OC on the tillage and residue studies. Management practices that conserve or increase OC are important to develop porous soils with high infiltrability. C1 USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,PENDLETON,OR 97801. RP PIKUL, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO PLAINS SOIL & WATER RES CTR,POB 1109,SIDNEY,MT, USA. NR 23 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1524 EP 1530 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PH246 UT WOS:A1994PH24600036 ER PT J AU BRADFORD, JM HUANG, CH AF BRADFORD, JM HUANG, CH TI INTERRILL SOIL-EROSION AS AFFECTED BY TILLAGE AND RESIDUE COVER SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SOIL EROSION; NO-TILL; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; INFILTRATION; RUNOFF; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT ID INFILTRATION; RAINFALL; SYSTEM AB No-till cropping systems are effective in reducing soil erosion. The objective of this study was to determine whether high infiltration rates and low runoff and soil loss under long-term, no-till conditions in loessial regions of the Midwest US result from both the well-structured, porous condition of the soil and the protective cover of crop residue or primarily from residue cover. Soil loss, runoff, and infiltration were measured using a rainfall simulator on interrill erosion plots with and without residue cover on a conventional and two no-till systems in central Illinois. For both conventional till and no-till conditions, removing surface residue significantly decreased infiltration rates and increased soil loss. Tilling the no-till surface while maintaining an equal surface cover as with the no-till system slightly increased interrill erosion. Removing residue on a no-till system, however, increased soil loss significantly. A no-till soil condition without adequate residue cover will seal, crust, and erode with extremely high soil losses following surface drying. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP BRADFORD, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,CONSERVAT & PROD SYST RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 16 TC 31 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 31 IS 4 BP 353 EP 361 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(94)90041-8 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PH834 UT WOS:A1994PH83400005 ER PT J AU NUESSLY, GS MEYERDIRK, DE COUDRIET, DL HENNEBERRY, TJ AF NUESSLY, GS MEYERDIRK, DE COUDRIET, DL HENNEBERRY, TJ TI THE EFFECT OF SHORT-SEASON COTTON PRODUCTION SCHEDULES ON BEMISIA-TABACI (GENNADIUS) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID ALEYRODIDAE AB Three short season cotton production schedules designed to reduce the number of overwintering pink bollworms, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), in cotton in the Imperial Valley, CA, were tested in each of two years to determine their impact on the phenology of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), populations. Yellow sticky card traps and cotton leaf samples were used to monitor adult and immature stages, respectively. In both years, B. tabaci populations continued to increase for up to six weeks after the last cotton irrigation dates. Significant reductions in B. tabaci adults and immatures did not occur until after the cotton plots were treated with defoliants. Adults trapped on yellow sticky traps (13 x 21 cm) placed horizontally 13 cm from the soil surface in cotton fields peaked at 5,200 and 12,800 per card per week in 1986 and 1987, respectively. Red-eyed nymph stage B. tabaci reached densities of nearly ten per one half leaf on sixth and twelfth mainstem node leaves in 1986, and 62 per one quarter leaf on seventh mainstem node leaves in 1987. A schedule that includes irrigation termination by 15 August and defoliation by 1 October to meet the mandated 1 November stalk destruction deadline was too late to prevent the whitefly population from reaching its peak, and would not significantly reduce whitefly dispersal into sensitive crops planted before 15 September. To break the population cycle from cotton to these later crops, cotton must be last irrigated by 21 July and defoliated by 20 August, and new vegetable and sugar beet crops must be planted after 15 September. Since whiteflies continue to emerge from defoliated cotton for three weeks after defoliation, this schedule provides a one to two week host crop free period. No yield reduction was noted on cotton planted by 20 March when following this schedule compared to cotton produced with last irrigation and defoliation dates up to four weeks later than these dates. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 19 IS 3 BP 209 EP 217 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PL039 UT WOS:A1994PL03900002 ER PT J AU ELZEN, GW AF ELZEN, GW TI CHARACTERIZATION OF HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS (F) RESISTANCE TO INSECTICIDES IN MISSISSIPPI IN 1992 - MULTIPLE VS CROSS-RESISTANCE SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; FIELD POPULATIONS; NOCTUIDAE; RECEPTOR AB Strains of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), collected in Mississippi were evaluated in bioassays to four classes of insecticides, The temporal frequency of survival showed no cross-resistance between different classes of insecticides with the exception of carbamates and organophosphates. High frequencies of resistance were found to cypermethrin and endosulfan in populations from Mississippi. Significant frequencies of resistance were also shown to carbamate and organophosphorus insecticides, although resistance frequencies were lower for these classes of insecticides. The lack of cross-resistance indicates metabolic resistance (where cross-resistance is likely) is not important in H. virescens. Since organophosphates and carbamates have the same target, cross-resistance between them is further evidence for target-site resistance as the primary resistance mechanism. The data indicate that multiple resistance may be more wide-spread than previously reported. RP ELZEN, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 19 IS 3 BP 219 EP 227 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PL039 UT WOS:A1994PL03900003 ER PT J AU LEGGETT, JE HENNEBERRY, TJ WHITE, RD AF LEGGETT, JE HENNEBERRY, TJ WHITE, RD TI COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (LEPIDOPTERA, LYONETIIDAE) PHEROMONE STUDIES SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB The cotton leafperforator (CLP) Bucculatrix thurberiella Busck. is a sporadic pest of cotton in the southwest desert area. Tests were conducted in 1992 and 1993 to determine the effective life of CLP polyethylene pheromone dispensers, correlate CLP male moth catches to cotton field infestations, determine seasonal distributions of CLP, and to determine effect of trap height on moth catches. The polyethylene pheromone dispensers were effective for about 4 weeks. In 1993, the best correlation coefficients were obtained by comparing CLP moth catches/night to main stem leaf damage at the sixth node position from top of plants at field edges. CLP windows per leaf and trap catches had the highest coefficient of determination, r2 = 0.52. There was more than twice as much CLP damage to leaves at field edges when compared to leaves 10 m into the field. The first CLP moth capture occurred in early to late July each year and increased rapidly in August to 100 to 200/trap/night, but was variable in September with a high of 300 and a low of 9/trap/night. CLP-baited delta traps placed 0.3 to 0.6 m above ground caught more moths than traps placed at heights up to 1.8 m from 11 to 21 August. C1 NAT RESOURCES INST,KENT ME4 4TB,ENGLAND. RP LEGGETT, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 19 IS 3 BP 229 EP 236 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PL039 UT WOS:A1994PL03900004 ER PT J AU BULL, DL MEOLA, RW AF BULL, DL MEOLA, RW TI INTERACTIONS OF THE INSECT GROWTH-REGULATOR PYRIPROXYFEN WITH IMMATURE AND ADULT STAGES OF THE STABLE FLY SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and posttreatment fate of the insect growth regulator (IGR) pyriproxyfen after treatment of different life stages of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans L. Direct treatment of newly laid eggs with pyriproxyfen had no effect on hatch or subsequent development of larvae and pupae. When eggs were placed on larval rearing medium treated with different concentrations of the IGR there was a strong reduction in the yields of F1 adults compared with untreated controls; probit regressions of data indicated the concentration of the IGR needed for a 50% reduction in adult emergence (IC50) was 12.8 parts per billion (ppb). Direct treatment of third instars by immersing them for 1 min in aqueous solutions of pyriproxyfen also caused a strong reduction in yields of F1 adults (IC50 of 2.6 ppb). Exposure of mixed sexes of adults to different residual concentrations of pyriproxyfen resulted in significant dose-dependent reductions in yields of F1 pupae. Although there also appeared to be reductions in the subsequent emergence of adults from those pupae, the data were too variable to show a reliable concentration-response relationship. Studies of the posttreatment distribution and fate of topically applied [C-14]pyriproxyfen in adult stable fly females indicated the IGR penetrated the cuticle very rapidly (>90% after 8 h) and then was metabolized and excreted at a very slow rate. Because pyriproxyfen has good stability in the environment, and is highly active against larval stages of the stable fly, its use as a treatment of breeding sites could have good potential as a tactic to aid in managing field populations of the pest. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP BULL, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 19 IS 3 BP 257 EP 263 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PL039 UT WOS:A1994PL03900007 ER PT J AU REED, HC TAN, S REED, DK ELLIOTT, NC BURD, JD WALKER, T AF REED, HC TAN, S REED, DK ELLIOTT, NC BURD, JD WALKER, T TI EVIDENCE FOR A SEX ATTRACTANT IN APHIDUS-COLEMANI VIERECK WITH POTENTIAL USE IN-FIELD STUDIES SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID COTESIA-MARGINIVENTRIS CRESSON; HOST-RELATED ODORS; AIRBORNE SEMIOCHEMICALS; HYMENOPTERA; PARASITOIDS; BRACONIDAE AB Males of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani Viereck responded positively to the odor of conspecific virgin females in four-choice olfactometer and greenhouse tent experiments. Field observations and traps showed that males are attracted to a female-produced sex pheromone. An attractant-based trapping scheme could be utilized in monitoring exotic aphidiid parasitoids released for control of the Russian wheat aphid. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES LAB,STILLWATER,OK 74075. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 5 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 19 IS 3 BP 273 EP 278 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PL039 UT WOS:A1994PL03900009 ER PT J AU ELLIOTT, NC REED, DK FRENCH, BW KINDLER, SD AF ELLIOTT, NC REED, DK FRENCH, BW KINDLER, SD TI APHID HOST EFFECTS ON THE BIOLOGY OF DIAERETIELLA-RAPAE (HYMENOPTERA, APHIDIIDAE) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID HEMIPTERA; ERVI AB Mated female Diaeretiella rapae M'Intosh, maintained in the laboratory on Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), feeding on Brassica oleracea L. for 12 generations parasitized 8 of 14 aphid species to which they were exposed for 24 h on caged host plants. Diaeretiella rapae parasitized four small gram (barley) feeding, two crucifer feeding, one cotton feeding, and one sunflower feeding aphid species. The total time required for immature development, the proportion of aphids parasitized, and the dry weight of newly eclosed adults differed significantly among host species. A greater percentage of B. brassicae than of other species were parasitized (94%), and the dry weight of adults eclosing from B. brassicae was greater than for other species. Results are discussed in terms of the potential utility of habitat diversification for improving biological control of small grain aphid pests in the Southern Great Plains. RP ELLIOTT, NC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SPA,PLANT SCI RES LAB,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 19 IS 3 BP 279 EP 284 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PL039 UT WOS:A1994PL03900010 ER PT J AU OLLINGER, M AF OLLINGER, M TI THE LIMITS OF GROWTH OF THE MULTIDIVISIONAL FIRM - A CASE-STUDY OF THE UNITED-STATES OIL INDUSTRY FROM 1930-90 SO STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE INDUSTRY CONSOLIDATION; MULTIDIVISIONAL FORM (M-FORM); GROWTH STRATEGY; OIL COMPANIES ID ECONOMIC-PERFORMANCE AB Some scholars (Chandler, 1977; Penrose, 1959) believe that firms grow by transferring inimitable marketing, production, and research skills from one line of business to another. Extending this view and emphasizing the role of the central office of a multidivisional firm to transfer administrative skills, Williamson (1975) argues that competition among business units within the firm mimics a competitive capital market and leads to an efficient allocation of resources. Coase (1937), however, argues that firm size is limited by the costs of organizing diverse transactions and Chandler (1991) claims that growth is constrained by the technical and marketing expertise of the top managers. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the scope of the multidivisional firm is limited by the transferability of firm-specific skills and the efficiency of capital markets. Support comes from a case study of 19 oil companies over the 1930-90 period. RP OLLINGER, M (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0143-2095 J9 STRATEGIC MANAGE J JI Strateg. Manage. J. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 15 IS 7 BP 503 EP 520 DI 10.1002/smj.4250150702 PG 18 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA PG142 UT WOS:A1994PG14200001 ER PT J AU SUN, Y SKINNER, DZ LIANG, GH HULBERT, SH AF SUN, Y SKINNER, DZ LIANG, GH HULBERT, SH TI PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF SORGHUM AND RELATED TAXA USING INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS OF NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE SORGHUM; ZEN MAYS; PHYLOGENY RDNA SEQUENCE ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; MAIZE; INHERITANCE; EVOLUTION; BICOLOR; REGION; GENOME; GENE AB The phylogenetic relationships of the genus Sorghum and related genera were studied by sequencing the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer region (ITS). DNA was extracted from 15 Sorghum accessions, including one accession from each of the sections Chaetosorghum and Heterosorghum, four accessions from Parasorghum, two accessions from Stiposorghum, and seven representatives from three species of the section Sorghum (one accession from each of S. propinquum and S. halepense, and five races of S. bicolor). The maize (Zen mays) line, H95, and an accession from Cleistachne sorghoides were also included in the study. Variable nucleotides were used to construct a strict consensus phylogenetic tree. The analyses indicate that S. propinquum, S. halepense and S. bicolor subsp. arundinaceum race aethiopicum may be the closest wild relatives of cultivated sorghum; Sorghum nitidum may be the closest 2n=10 relative to S. bicolor; the sections Chaetosorghum and Heterosorghum appear closely related to each other and more closely related to the section Sorghum than Parasorghum; and the section Parasorghum is not monophyletic. The results also indicate that the genus Sorghum is a very ancient and diverse group. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,GENET PROGRAM,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. NR 34 TC 418 Z9 446 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 89 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PL443 UT WOS:A1994PL44300005 PM 24177765 ER PT J AU KENNARD, WC POETTER, K DIJKHUIZEN, A MEGLIC, V STAUB, JE HAVEY, MJ AF KENNARD, WC POETTER, K DIJKHUIZEN, A MEGLIC, V STAUB, JE HAVEY, MJ TI LINKAGES AMONG RFLP, RAPD, ISOZYME, DISEASE RESISTANCE, AND MORPHOLOGICAL MARKERS IN NARROW AND WIDE CROSSES OF CUCUMBER SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE CUCUMIS SATIVUS; CUCUMIS-SATIVUS VAR HARDWICKII; GENETIC MAP ID RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH; SATIVUS L; GENETIC-LINKAGE; LOCI; POLYMORPHISMS; GLYCINE; GENOME; MELO AB A 58-point genetic map was constructed with RFLP, RAPD, isozyme, morphological, and disease-resistance markers spanning 766 cM on ten linkage groups for a cross within the cultivated cucumber (Cucumis sativus var. sativus). Relatively few DNA polymorphisms were detected, agreeing with previous studies documenting a narrow genetic base for cucumber. Most RFLPs within the cultivated cucumber appear to be changes at restriction-enzyme sites. Sixty-four percent of RAPD markers that fit expected ratios at P<0.001 were unlinked, possibly due to poor amplification and the inefficiency of dominant markers to detect linkage in an F-2 family. A 70-point linkage map, spanning 480 cM on ten linkage groups, was constructed with RFLP, isozyme, morphological, and disease-resistance markers for a cross between the cultivated cucumber and the wild or feral C. sativus var. hardwickii. Unlinked markers and more linkage groups than chromosome pairs indicated that both maps were not saturated. Twenty-one markers doubly segregated in both families and regions of colinearity were identified. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 39 TC 97 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 89 IS 1 BP 42 EP 48 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PL443 UT WOS:A1994PL44300007 ER PT J AU CUI, YX XU, GW MAGILL, CW SCHERTZ, KF HART, GE AF CUI, YX XU, GW MAGILL, CW SCHERTZ, KF HART, GE TI A LOW COPY NUMBER SORGHUM DNA-SEQUENCE THAT DETECTS HYPERVARIABLE ECORV FRAGMENTS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE HYBRIDIZATION PROBE; SORGHUM BICOLOR; FINGERPRINTING ID MYOTONIC-DYSTROPHY; ALLOZYME VARIATION; REPEAT; BICOLOR; LENGTH AB A sorghum genomic DNA clone that hybridized on Southern blots in simple but different patterns to fragments produced by digestion of DNA from the parents of an F-2 mapping population was hybridized to EcoRV-digested DNA from 53 accessions. Forty-six different fragment patterns were observed, each comprised of from one to ten bands. Much less variability was detected in EcoRI than EcoRV digests of a selected subset of the accessions. Base-sequence analysis of the clone did not reveal a functional identity for the sequence and the clone does not contain repeated sequences often associated with hypervariable loci. Clones such as this will be especially useful in evaluating germplasm diversity and in identifying the potential parentage of hybrids. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,USDA ARS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 89 IS 1 BP 64 EP 69 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PL443 UT WOS:A1994PL44300011 PM 24177771 ER PT J AU PAMMI, S SCHERTZ, K XU, G HART, G MULLET, JE AF PAMMI, S SCHERTZ, K XU, G HART, G MULLET, JE TI RANDOM-AMPLIFIED-POLYMORPHIC DNA MARKERS IN SORGHUM SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR); RAPD MARKERS ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MOLECULAR MARKERS; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; GENOMIC DNA; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; RAPD; POPULATIONS; PRODUCTS; TOMATO AB Conditions have been identified that allow reproducible amplification of RAPD markers in sorghum. High resolution of RAPD markers was accomplished by radiolabeling PCR-amplified DNAs followed by separation on denaturing 5% polyacrylamide gels. Reaction parameters including MgCl2 concentration and temperature significantly influenced yield and the type of amplification products synthesized. Unexplained amplified DNAs increased when more than 35 cycles of PCR amplification were used. Under standard conditions, approximately 80% of the primers tested amplified DNA, and most revealed 1-5 polymorphisms between BTx 623 and IS 3620C. Primers were used to amplify RAPDs in 32 genotypes of sorghum. In addition, 8 primers detected RAPDs in a population previously used to create an RFLP map for sorghum. These RAPDs were mapped successfully using a population of 50 F-2 plants. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,USDA ARS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 89 IS 1 BP 80 EP 88 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PL443 UT WOS:A1994PL44300014 PM 24177774 ER PT J AU CROSSA, J TABA, S EBERHART, SA BRETTING, P VENCOVSKY, R AF CROSSA, J TABA, S EBERHART, SA BRETTING, P VENCOVSKY, R TI PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR MAINTAINING GERMPLASM IN MAIZE SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION; COLLECTIONS; SIZE AB The main goals of genetic resource management are to acquire, maintain, distribute, characterize, regenerate, preserve, evaluate, and utilize the genetic diversity of crops and their wild relatives. The objectives of this study for ex-situ conservation of maize (Zen mays L.) are to review and describe: (1)practical regeneration methods that are based on population genetic theory; (2) practical problems encountered in choosing core subsets of a maize collection. Whenever possible, regeneration procedures should control the number of pollen parents (male gametes; through controlled hand pollination) and the number of female parent gametes (by harvesting equal numbers of kernels from each seed plant). When the number of pollen and seed parents are controlled during regeneration, the effective population size (N-e) is twice the size of the original population (N). Examples of practical methods for controlling the number of male and female parents are presented. The procedure involves random-paired plant crosses and taking equal numbers of seeds from each maize ear. To form a core subset, accessions of a maize race are subdivided through a stratified sampling procedure. Delineation of a core subset from a Tuxpeno racial collection is described as an example. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA ARS,N CENT REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,AMES,IA 50011. USP,ESALQ,INST GENET,PIRACICABA,SP,BRAZIL. RP CROSSA, J (reprint author), INT MAIZE & WHEAT IMPROVEMENT CTR,LISBOA 27,APSO POSTAL 6-641,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. OI Crossa, Jose/0000-0001-9429-5855 NR 23 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 89 IS 1 BP 89 EP 95 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PL443 UT WOS:A1994PL44300015 PM 24177775 ER PT J AU SMITH, JR LEONG, SA AF SMITH, JR LEONG, SA TI MAPPING OF A MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA LOCUS AFFECTING RICE (ORYZA-SATIVA) CULTIVAR SPECIFICITY SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE RICE BLAST; MAGNAPORTHE GRISEA; PATHOGENICITY; GENETIC MAP; AVIRULENCE GENE ID AVIRULENCE VIRULENCE; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; RESISTANCE; BLAST; INHERITANCE; PATHOGENICITY; CROSS AB Magnaporthe grisea causes rice blast, the most important fungal disease of rice. The segregation of genes controlling virulence of M. grisea on rice was studied to establish the genetic basis of cultivar specificity in this host-parasite interaction. Full-sib progeny and parent isolates Guy11 and 2539 of M. grisea were inoculated onto rice (Oryza sativa) cultivar 'CO39' and five near-isogenic lines (NILs) of C039. Each NIL contained a different single gene affecting resistance to specific isolates of M. grisea. No differential interactions between NILs and progeny or parents were observed; parents and progeny pathogenic on CO39 were pathogenic on all five NILs. Segregation ratios of 101 full-sib progeny, 117 progeny from full-sib parents, and 109 backcross progeny, indicated a common single gene affecting pathogenicity on CO39 and the five NILs, A subset of the above 327 isolates (43 full-sib progeny, 37 progeny from full-sib parents, and 32 backcross progeny) were inoculated onto rice cultivar '51583'; all were pathogenic, indicating that cultivar specificity to CO39 was segregating in this population of isolates. The locus controlling cultivar specificity, named avrCO39, was mapped to chromosome 1 using a subset of the progeny previously used to construct an RFLP map of M. grisea. The closest reported RFLP markers were 11.8 (estimated 260 kb) and 17.2 cM (estimated 380 kb) away and provide starting points on either side of the locus for a ''chromosome walk'' to clone the locus. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,PLANT DIS RESISTANCE RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. RI Leong, Sally /I-8550-2012 NR 22 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 88 IS 8 BP 901 EP 908 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PE573 UT WOS:A1994PE57300001 PM 24186240 ER PT J AU MCGRATH, JM WIELGUS, SM UCHYTIL, TF KIMLEE, H HABERLACH, GT WILLIAMS, CE HELGESON, JP AF MCGRATH, JM WIELGUS, SM UCHYTIL, TF KIMLEE, H HABERLACH, GT WILLIAMS, CE HELGESON, JP TI RECOMBINATION OF SOLANUM-BREVIDENS CHROMOSOMES IN THE 2ND BACKCROSS GENERATION FROM A SOMATIC HYBRID WITH SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE POTATO; INTROGRESSION; WIDE HYBRIDS; RFLP; RAPD ID NEMATODE RESISTANCE; SEXUAL PROGENY; RFLP ANALYSIS; POTATO; TRANSLOCATIONS; HYBRIDIZATION; GENOMES; MARKERS; TOMATO; PLANT AB Solanum brevidens synteny groups were examined with 47 widely-distributed RFLP markers in 17 BC2 progeny from six fertile BC1 plants. The BC1 plants were derived from a single S. brevidens + S. tuberosum somatic hybrid backcrossed with S. tuberosum (potato). Probes which were linked in potato and tomato were also found to be syntenic along each of the 12 S. brevidens chromosomes. More than half of the S. brevidens synteny groups had lost one or more S. brevidens-specific RFLPs in the BC2, suggesting that recombination had occurred. For 8 of the 12 S. brevidens RFLP synteny groups, the frequency of recombinant chromosomes exceeded that of intact parental chromosomes. Using the RFLP data, 161 RAPD markers were tentatively located throughout the S. brevidens genome. Further analyses with 39 of these 161 RAPD markers generally showed that RAPD and RFLP results were comparable, but some inconsistencies were noted with 14 of the 39 RAPD markers. The extent of marker loss and the high frequency of synteny groups which were marked by a single S. brevidens-specific RFLP marker suggest that the S. brevidens chromosomes have some pairing affinity with potato chromosomes. This interaction should facilitate the transfer of novel disease-resistance traits into potato breeding lines. One plant was recovered with the chromosome number of S. tuberosum (2n=48) that carried a single S. brevidens RFLP marker, suggesting transfer of this S. brevidens marker into the genome of S. tuberosum. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PLANT DIS RESISTANCE RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. DONGGUK UNIV,DEPT AGROBIOL,SEOUL,SOUTH KOREA. NR 21 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 88 IS 8 BP 917 EP 924 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PE573 UT WOS:A1994PE57300004 PM 24186243 ER PT J AU NAKAMOTO, RJ AF NAKAMOTO, RJ TI CHARACTERISTICS OF POOLS USED BY ADULT SUMMER STEELHEAD OVERSUMMERING IN THE NEW-RIVER, CALIFORNIA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WASHINGTON; STREAM AB I assessed characteristics of pools used by oversummering adults of summer steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss between July and October 1991 in the New River, northwestem California. Most fish occupied channel confluence pools and other pools of moderate size (200-1,200 m2); these pools had less than 35% substrate embeddedness and mean water depths of about 1.0-1.4 m. Microhabitat occupied during daylight hours included cover provided by bedrock ledges and boulders where water velocity averaged 9.3 cm/s (range, 1-34 cm/s); steelhead densities under this cover were highest at the higher velocities. Fish also occupied areas with riparian shading and waters deeper than 1 m. I observed localized areas of cool water in some of the study pools. The availability of coolwater areas in pools did not increase adult fish use of those pools. The results of this study indicate that the distribution of summer steelhead in the New River during July-October is more strongly controlled by physical habitat characteristics than by the availability of thermal refugia. RP NAKAMOTO, RJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,1700 BAYVIEW DR,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 123 IS 5 BP 757 EP 765 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1994)123<0757:COPUBA>2.3.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA PH637 UT WOS:A1994PH63700006 ER PT J AU BOUSE, LF AF BOUSE, LF TI EFFECT OF NOZZLE TYPE AND OPERATION ON SPRAY DROPLET SIZE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE AERIAL SPRAY; AIRCRAFT; NOZZLES; PESTICIDES; DROPLETS; SPRAY ID SPECTRUMS; SPEED AB Droplet size distribution analyses were carried out for several types of aerial spray nozzles in an airstream to simulate operation on an aircraft. A laser-imaging spray droplet spectrometer probe was used to measure the droplets and determine the effects of spray pressure, airspeed, and nozzle orientation (angle of spray discharge relative to the airstream) on droplet size for solid stream, disc-core hollow cone, swirl-type hollow cone, elliptical orifice fan, and deflector fan nozzles. Surfactant in tap water was used to simulate aqueous pesticide spray mixtures. Results indicated that spray pressure, and thus relative velocity (the difference between the airspeed and the velocity of spray exiting a nozzle), in combination with nozzle orientation, was extremely important in droplet size control. Increasing spray pressure for nozzles oriented so that the liquid was emitted parallel with or at a small angle to the airstream reduced relative velocity, increased droplet size, and reduced the percent of spray volume in small droplets that are most susceptible to spray drift Increasing spray pressure for nozzles operated so that the liquid was emitted at larger angles to the airstream reduced droplet size and increased the percent of spray volume in small droplets. Increasing airspeed from 193 to 241 km/h (120 to 150 mph) resulted in smaller droplet size and a higher percent spray volume in droplets most susceptible to spray drift. RP BOUSE, LF (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,AERIAL APPLICAT RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1389 EP 1400 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PX698 UT WOS:A1994PX69800001 ER PT J AU ZHU, H REICHARD, DL FOX, RD BRAZEE, RD OZKAN, HE AF ZHU, H REICHARD, DL FOX, RD BRAZEE, RD OZKAN, HE TI SIMULATION OF DRIFT OF DISCRETE SIZES OF WATER DROPLETS FROM FIELD SPRAYERS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE DROPLETS; DRIFT; PESTICIDES; COMPUTER SIMULATION ID AERIAL APPLICATIONS; DOWNWIND; RESIDUES AB The drift distances of water droplets from field sprayers were determined for several variables with a computational fluid dynamics computer program. The simulation variables for drift distances up to 200 m included: droplet size (10 to 2000 mu m), wind velocity (0.5 to 10.0 mls), initial droplet velocity (0 to 50 mis), discharge height (0.25 to 4.0 m), temperature (100 to 30 degrees C), relative humidity (10 to 100%), and 20% turbulence intensity. Except at low temperature and high relative humidity, all 50-mu m-diameter and smaller droplets completely evaporated before depositing 0.5 m below the point of discharge for all simulated conditions. Drift distances increased with increasing wind velocity and discharge height, but decreased with increasing initial downward droplet velocity for 100-mu m-diameter and larger water droplets. Changes in ambient temperature and relative humidity had much greater influence on drift distances of water droplets less than 100-mu m-diameter than on 200-mu m-diameter and larger droplets. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP ZHU, H (reprint author), OARDC,USDA ARS,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH, USA. NR 16 TC 41 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1401 EP 1407 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PX698 UT WOS:A1994PX69800002 ER PT J AU RAPER, RL JOHNSON, CE BAILEY, AC AF RAPER, RL JOHNSON, CE BAILEY, AC TI COUPLING NORMAL AND SHEARING STRESSES TO USE IN FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF SOIL COMPACTION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS; MODEL; SOIL COMPACTION ID AGRICULTURAL SOILS; PREDICTION AB A finite element model was modified to use a constitutive relationship of soil compaction that included the effects of both normal and shearing stresses, Predicted values of soil stress were compared against results from a laboratory experiment. All predicted values at final deformed depths less than 0.3 m were within the 95% confidence intervals of the measured values, bur at deeper depths most of the predictions fell outside the 95% confidence intervals of the measured values. C1 AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,DEPT AGR ENGN,AUBURN,AL. RP RAPER, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1417 EP 1422 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PX698 UT WOS:A1994PX69800004 ER PT J AU KHDAIR, AI CARPENTER, TG REICHARD, DL AF KHDAIR, AI CARPENTER, TG REICHARD, DL TI EFFECTS OF AIR-JETS ON DEPOSITION OF CHARGED SPRAY IN PLANT CANOPIES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SPRAY; PESTICIDES; AIR-FLOW; ELECTROSTATIC ID PRESSURE; VOLUME; CROPS AB Research was conducted in a wind tunnel to determine if air jets used to convey charged spray composed of small droplets would improve spray penetration and deposition through plant canopies. Air jets with velocities of 0, 10, 13, and 16 m/s through a long, 5.1-cm-wide slot were used with 119 mu m volume median diameter, charged sprays. The air jet with 16 mis velocity provided the best spray penetration through the plant canopy, the greatest deposit on underside of targets and the least amount of spray drift. C1 OARDC,USDA ARS,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH. RP KHDAIR, AI (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. RI Khdair, Adnan/K-7949-2012 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1423 EP 1429 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PX698 UT WOS:A1994PX69800005 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, KM HANSON, GJ AF ROBINSON, KM HANSON, GJ TI A DETERMINISTIC HEADCUT ADVANCE MODEL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE GULLIES; SPILLWAYS; MODELING; EROSION AB Gully erosion is a dominant form of damage to earth spillways. Prediction of the rare of gully headcut movement is desired to assess the risk of a spillway breach. This article presents a headcut advance model composed of a boundary stress prediction model and a mass failure model. Several simplifying assumptions were necessary to predict headcut advance. Model performance was compared with two cases of field damage. The model overpredicted the movement at one site by 44% and underpredicted the movement at another site by 46%. Several topics were identified as needing additional research, and the model provides a framework that can incorporate future research advances. RP ROBINSON, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS,HYDRAUL ENGN RES UNIT,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,STILLWATER,OK, USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1437 EP 1443 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PX698 UT WOS:A1994PX69800007 ER PT J AU KINNELL, PIA MCGREGOR, KC ROSEWELL, CJ AF KINNELL, PIA MCGREGOR, KC ROSEWELL, CJ TI THE I(X)E(A) INDEX AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE EL(30) EROSIVITY INDEX SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SOIL EROSION; RAINFALL EROSION; SOIL LOSS PREDICTION; UNIVERSAL SOIL LOSS EQUATION ID SOIL LOSS; KINETIC-ENERGY; RAINFALL; RUNOFF; PLOTS AB The EI(30) index used for the rainfall-runoff factor (R) in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) modeling environment was originally developed from the empirical observation that soil loss increases with rainfall amount and the intensity of the rainfall event. Modern understanding of rainfall erosion processes provides for more process-based indices. In an analysis of erosion data from nonvegetated plots at Holly Springs, Mississippi, the I(x)E(A) index, an index that is based on the product of the excess rainfall rate (I-x) and the rare of expenditure of rain kinetic energy (E(A)) is Shown to be superior to the EI(30) index. Apart from accounting for the processes of detachment and transport better than the EI(30) index, the index provides an opportunity to consider the effects of hydrology more directly within the USLE environment than is currently possible. However, including more direct consideration of hydrology within R is likely to affect a number of other USLE factors. These effects have yet to be evaluated. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. DEPT CONSERVAT & LAND MANAGEMENT,RES CTR,GUNNEDAH,NSW,AUSTRALIA. RP KINNELL, PIA (reprint author), CSIRO,DIV SOILS,CANBERRA,ACT,AUSTRALIA. OI Kinnell, Peter/0000-0002-1645-6016 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1449 EP 1456 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PX698 UT WOS:A1994PX69800009 ER PT J AU LUO, Y MILLER, DR YANG, X MCMANUS, ML KRIDER, HM AF LUO, Y MILLER, DR YANG, X MCMANUS, ML KRIDER, HM TI CHARACTERISTICS OF EVAPORATION FROM WATER-BASED BACTERIAL PESTICIDE DROPLETS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE AERIAL SPRAY; BT; DROPLET; EVAPORATION; PESTICIDE ID MODEL AB Measurements were conducted to quantify the effect of selected environmental parameters on the evaporation rare from droplets of several commercial formulations of the biological pesticide Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Results confirmed the positive relationships of evaporation rate with air temperature and wind speed, and the negative relationship with humidity, but failed to reveal any significant dependence of evaporation on turbulence intensity. Evaporation rates from Bt formulations were essentially the same as those from water droplets until the droplet crystallized. The crystallized droplet size was shown to be a constant proportion of the initial droplet diameter. The general characteristics of evaporation from water and pesticide solutions can be fairly well described by a theoretical model that takes the effect of temperature, humidity, and wind speed into consideration. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,HAMDEN,CT. UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT MOLEC & CELL BIOL,STORRS,CT 06269. RP LUO, Y (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT NAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT & ENGN,STORRS,CT, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1473 EP 1479 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PX698 UT WOS:A1994PX69800012 ER PT J AU CARTER, CE CAMP, CR AF CARTER, CE CAMP, CR TI DRAIN SPACING EFFECTS ON WATER-TABLE CONTROL AND CANE SUGAR YIELDS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE DRAINAGE; WATER TABLE; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; DRAINAGE INTENSITY; DRAIN SPACING; PUMPED DRAINAGE; DRAINAGE COST; DRAINAGE ECONOMICS; SUGAR YIELD AB An experiment was conducted in Southern Louisiana during 1980 through 1990 to determine soil and crop response to subsurface drainage. Three subsurface drain spacings, 14, 28, and 42 m, were tested on Jeanerette silty clay loam soil. The 14 and 28 m spacings were most effective in controlling the water table: average annual SEW(30) values were 46 and 122 cm-d, respectively. Average annual SEW(30) value for the 42 m spacing was 242 cm-d while that from the nondrained check was 642 cm-d. Sugarcane responded favorably to subsurface drainage. Average annual sugar yields were 6041 kg/ha from the 14 m spacing, 6029 kg/ha from the 28 m spacing, 5788 kg/ha from the 42 m spacing, and 4990 kg/ha from the check. Yields among the three drained treatments were nor significantly different, but yields from the drained treatments were significantly greater than those from the nondrained check. The value of the average sugar yield increases from both the 28 m and the 42 m spacings more than justified the cost of installing subsurface drainage systems. The drainage costs included 10% interest and a 10-year amortization period. Since there was no statistically significant crop yield advantage to subsurface drains spaced closer than 42 m, the drain spacing recommended for draining Jeanerette silty clay loam soil in Louisiana is 42 m. C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS WATER CONSERVAT RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC. RP CARTER, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER RES UNIT,BATON ROUGE,LA, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1509 EP 1513 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PX698 UT WOS:A1994PX69800016 ER PT J AU BROWN, LC NORTON, LD AF BROWN, LC NORTON, LD TI SURFACE RESIDUE EFFECTS ON SOIL-EROSION FROM RIDGES OF DIFFERENT SOILS AND FORMATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SOIL EROSION; RIDGE TILLAGE; CROP RESIDUE; RAINFALL SIMULATION; CONSERVATION COMPLIANCE ID SILT LOAM SOIL; CROP RESIDUE; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; WATER EROSION; CORN RESIDUE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SOYBEAN RESIDUE; RILL EROSION; RUNOFF AB The effect of crop residue on soil erosion by water was studied on three soils using well-defined, ridge-furrow configurations to simulate ridge-tillage conditions. Interrill and rill erosion was studied using rainfall simulation on freshly formed (FF) and consolidated (CON) ridges on somewhat poorly drained Rossmoyne silt loam in Ohio, and on freshly formed ridges on well-drained Chelsea fine sand and Miami silt loam in Indiana. Corn stalk and leaf residue were hand-applied only to rill erosion plots. Average percent cover for five residue levels was 0, 4.7, 10.0, 20.0, and 45.0%. Average interrill detachment rate on consolidated Rossmoyne ridges was significantly smaller than that from Miami and Rossmoyne freshly formed ridges. Average runoff rate for consolidated Rossmoyne ridges was significantly greater than that on freshly formed ridges. Average rill detachment rate decreased in the order of Chelsea FF > Rossmoyne FF > Miami FF > Rossmoyne CON. Within each inflow level for Chelsea freshly formed and Rossmoyne consolidated ridges, average detachment rate decreased significantly; 51 to 83% and 88 to 92% reductions, respectively, as cover increased from 0 to about 45%. Within each inflow level for Chelsea freshly formed ridges, detachment rate decreased significantly by 40 to 72% as cover increased from 0 to about 20%. Cover levels of 20 and 45% bracket a compliance level of 30%. On Miami soil, as cover increased from 0 to about 45%, detachment decreased by 65 to 82%. For Detachment = a exp (b x % residue cover), average coefficient b values were Chelsea freshly formed ridges, b = -0.032; Miami freshly formed ridges, b = -0.030; Rossmoyne freshly formed ridges, b = 0.006; and Rossmoyne consolidated ridges, b = 0.061. As residue increased from 0 to approximately 45%, average flow velocity decreased significantly by 55 to 71 %. Addition of 40% residue cover decreased velocity of flow across all flow levels and soils by more than 50%. Reduction was greater for consolidated Rossmoyne ridges compared to freshly formed ridge conditions. Addition of residue at approximately 45% increased the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor by 9 to 29 times that of bare soil. Effect was greatest for noncohesive Chelsea sand. For freshly formed ridge conditions, a linear relationship was found for detachment rate versus hydraulic shear on all soils with no residue cover. As residue cover increased, correlation between detachment rate and hydraulic shear exhibited much variability. The model fit the data reasonably well (r(2) values of 0.6 to 0.9) for cases where there was no, or relatively small amounts, of residue on freshly formed ridges. For Rossmoyne consolidated ridges, correlation between detachment and hydraulic shear for all residue levels was very low. For freshly formed ridge conditions, the interrill contribution was a smaller portion of total detachment. On consolidated Rossmoyne ridges, the interrill contribution was a major portion of total detachment all along entire range of hydraulic shear values evaluated in this study. Further research is needed to quantify surface residue-soil disturbance interactions for ridge-tillage, especially for conditions following planting, cultivation, and harvest. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP BROWN, LC (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 54 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1515 EP 1524 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PX698 UT WOS:A1994PX69800017 ER PT J AU PARK, B CHEN, YR WHITTAKER, AD MILLER, RK HALE, DS AF PARK, B CHEN, YR WHITTAKER, AD MILLER, RK HALE, DS TI NEURAL-NETWORK MODELING FOR BEEF SENSORY EVALUATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE BACKPROPAGATION; ULTRASONICS; SPECTRAL FEATURE; BEEF; PALATABILITY; TENDERNESS; CLASSIFICATION ID CONSUMER RETAIL BEEF; QUALITY; STEAKS AB Feedforward back propagation neural network models were developed for predicting and classifying beef sensory attributes using ultrasonic spectral features as input data. For the neural network prediction models, the standard errors of prediction were 0.126 for juiciness, 0.111 for muscle fiber tenderness, 0.102 for connective tissue amount, 0.113 for overall tenderness, and 0.135 for flavor intensity. These results were better than those of the statistical regression models. lit the case of the neural models for beef sensory prediction, the relationships between physical (ultrasonic) features and sensory for beef were mostly linear. The neural network models for classification of the sensory attributes into two classes (threshold = 5.0 sensory score) performed with 83.3% accuracy for juiciness, 80.5% for connective tissue amount, 75.0% for muscle fiber tenderness and overall tenderness, and 75.0% for flavor intensity. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP PARK, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1547 EP 1553 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PX698 UT WOS:A1994PX69800021 ER PT J AU UPCHURCH, BL THROOP, JA ANESHANSLEY, DJ AF UPCHURCH, BL THROOP, JA ANESHANSLEY, DJ TI INFLUENCE OF TIME, BRUISE-TYPE, AND SEVERITY ON NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE FROM APPLE SURFACES FOR AUTOMATIC BRUISE DETECTION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE NEAR-INFRARED IMAGING; BRUISE DETECTION; BRUISE SEVERITY; AUTOMATIC INSPECTION ID PARAMETERS AB Near-infrared imaging was used to characterize the influence of time, bruise-type, and severity on the near-infrared (NIR) reflectance from bruised and unbruised regions on 'Delicious' and 'Golden Delicious' apples. Images of apples were captured on five dates for both impact- and compression-type bruises. Changes in the NIR reflectance were characterized by comparing the contrast which was measured by a difference calculation between two concentric circular profiles from bruised and unbruised areas. Within 24 h after inducing damage, a maximum contrast in NIR reflectance occurred for both bruise types. Afterwards, the contrast decreased until it equaled the contrast for an unbruised region. This change usually occurred between 1 and 42 days. The time at which the contrast at a bruised region exceeded that at an unbruised one depended upon the severity and type of bruise. Changes in contrast after one day were more gradual for impact-type bruises than bruises created by compression. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,ITHACA,NY. RP UPCHURCH, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV, USA. NR 11 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1571 EP 1575 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PX698 UT WOS:A1994PX69800025 ER PT J AU BEATTIE, CW AF BEATTIE, CW TI LIVESTOCK GENOME MAPS SO TRENDS IN GENETICS LA English DT Review ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LINKAGE MAP; EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGNS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT; BOVINE; CROSSES; CATTLE; MOUSE; LOCUS AB Nascent genetic linkage maps of major livestock species provide an initial framework for the construction of comprehensive maps and the implementation of marker-assisted selection. Application of marker-assisted selection to major livestock species should improve overall selection across extant populations and identify loci that could be of benefit if incorporated into other livestock: breeds by introgression. RP BEATTIE, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,SPUR 18D,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0168-9525 J9 TRENDS GENET JI Trends Genet. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 10 IS 9 BP 334 EP 338 DI 10.1016/0168-9525(94)90037-X PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA PE118 UT WOS:A1994PE11800009 PM 7974748 ER PT J AU HOLTHAUSEN, RS WIDSOM, MJ PIERCE, J EDWARDS, DK ROWLAND, MM AF HOLTHAUSEN, RS WIDSOM, MJ PIERCE, J EDWARDS, DK ROWLAND, MM TI USING EXPERT OPINION TO EVALUATE A HABITAT EFFECTIVENESS MODEL FOR ELK IN WESTERN OREGON AND WASHINGTON SO USDA FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE ELK; ELK HABITAT; HABITAT EFFECTIVENESS; HABITAT MODELS; ELK MANAGEMENT; MODEL VALIDATION; ROOSEVELT ELK; VALIDATION RESEARCH; EXPERT OPINION; WESTERN OREGON; WESTERN WASHINGTON AB We used expert opinion to evaluate the predictive reliability of a habitat effectiveness model for elk in western Oregon and Washington. Twenty-five experts in elk ecology were asked to rate habitat quality for 16 example landscapes. Rankings and ratings of 21 experts were significantly correlated with model output. Expert opinion and model predictions differed for 4 of the 16 landscapes. Differences were most pronounced for habitats dominated by large expanses of either forage or cover. RP HOLTHAUSEN, RS (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,US FOREST SERV,WILDLIFE & FISHERIES STAFF,104 NASH HALL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU USDA FOR SERV PNW RES STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE STREET PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 SN 0882-5165 J9 USDA FOR SERV PNW RE JI USDA For. Serv. Pac. Northwest Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD SEP PY 1994 IS 479 BP U1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QC517 UT WOS:A1994QC51700001 ER PT J AU STURGES, DL AF STURGES, DL TI HIGH-ELEVATION WATERSHED RESPONSE TO SAGEBRUSH CONTROL IN SOUTH-CENTRAL WYOMING SO USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE WATER YIELD IMPROVEMENT; STREAMFLOW; RANGELAND HYDROLOGY; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SAGEBRUSH CONTROL; RANGE IMPROVEMENT; FORAGE PRODUCTION; RANGE MANAGEMENT AB Hydrologic and vegetative changes induced by controlling sagebrush with the herbicide 2,4-D were evaluated over a 23-year study using paired watersheds. Annual water yield increased 20% for 11 years after sagebrush control, but then returned to a pretreatment level. Two-thirds of the increase came as snowmelt discharge and one-third as increased groundwater discharge through the remainder of the year. Treatment did not change the date or the magnitude of peak snowmelt discharge, but snowmelt duration was lengthened 22% (p=0.19). Total sediment transport averaged 3.44 and 0.59 tonnes /km(2)/y on the untreated and treated watershed. Coarse sediment transport was not affected by treatment. Grass production more than doubled in the 5 years after spraying and was 1.5 times greater in the ninth and tenth years. Eleven years after treatment, sagebrush on the treated watershed had returned to a pretreatment density. RP STURGES, DL (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROCKY MT FOREST RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION PI FT COLLINS PA 3825 EAST MULBERRY ST, FT COLLINS, CO 80524-8597 SN 0502-5001 J9 USDA FOR SERV RM RES JI USDA For. Serv. Rocky Mt. For. Range Exp Stn. Res. Pap. PD SEP PY 1994 IS RM-318 BP 1 EP 18 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QL996 UT WOS:A1994QL99600001 ER PT J AU CZAPLEWSKI, RL AF CZAPLEWSKI, RL TI VARIANCE APPROXIMATIONS FOR ASSESSMENTS OF CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY SO USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE KAPPA; REMOTE SENSING; PHOTO-INTERPRETATION; STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING; CLUSTER SAMPLING; MULTIPHASE SAMPLING; MULTIVARIATE COMPOSITE ESTIMATION; REFERENCE DATA; AGREEMENT AB Variance approximations are derived for the weighted and unweighted kappa statistics, the conditional kappa statistic, and conditional probabilities. These statistics are useful to assess classification accuracy, such as accuracy of remotely sensed classifications in thematic maps when compared to a sample of reference classifications made in the field. Published variance approximations assume multinomial sampling errors, which implies simple random sampling where each sample unit is classified into one and only one mutually exclusive category with each of two classification methods. The variance approximations in this paper are useful for more general cases, such as reference data from multiphase or cluster sampling. As an example, these approximations are used to develop variance estimators for accuracy assessments with a stratified random sample of reference data. RP CZAPLEWSKI, RL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROCKY MT FOREST RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION PI FT COLLINS PA 3825 EAST MULBERRY ST, FT COLLINS, CO 80524-8597 SN 0502-5001 J9 USDA FOR SERV RM RES JI USDA For. Serv. Rocky Mt. For. Range Exp Stn. Res. Pap. PD SEP PY 1994 IS RM-316 BP U1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PV855 UT WOS:A1994PV85500001 ER PT J AU ZARNOCH, SJ RUEHLE, JL BELANGER, RP MARX, DH BRYAN, WC AF ZARNOCH, SJ RUEHLE, JL BELANGER, RP MARX, DH BRYAN, WC TI GROWTH AND CROWN VIGOR OF 25-YEAR-OLD SHORTLEAF PINE PROGENIES ON A LITTLELEAF DISEASE SITE SO USDA FOREST SERVICE SOUTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE TREE DECLINE; FOREST HEALTH; TREE-RING CHRONOLOGIES; PINUS ECHINATA AB Control-pollinated progenies of shortleaf pines that appeared to be resistant to littleleaf disease were planted on a test site near Union, SC, in 1965. The planting was assessed at ages 17 and 25 to identify progenies with superior growth and resistance to pest problems associated with littleleaf disease sites. Among the 30 progenies in the experiment, 2 produced more than 12 cubic feet of total volume growth per tree and an additional 5 produced more than 11 cubic feet per tree. However, at age 25 even the best growing progeny had individual trees with visual crown symptoms of littleleaf disease. A control seedlot from open-pollinated shortleaf pines ranked low in performance (7 ft(3)/tree) and crown vigor. All trees with crown densities of less than 50 percent, regardless of parents, were growing poorly and in accelerated decline. There was a close relationship between rankings in volume growth at ages 17 and 35, indicating that candidates for future tree improvement programs can be reliably selected at an early age. RP ZARNOCH, SJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,INST TREE ROOT BIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU USDA FOR SERV SE FOR EXP STN PI ASHEVILLE PA 200 WEAVER BLVD, ASHEVILLE, NC 28804 SN 0748-1586 J9 USDA FOR SERV SE RES JI USDA For. Serv. Southeast. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PD SEP PY 1994 IS SE-289 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RJ049 UT WOS:A1994RJ04900001 ER PT J AU CLARK, A SOUTER, RA AF CLARK, A SOUTER, RA TI STEM CUBIC-FOOT VOLUME TABLES FOR TREE SPECIES IN THE SOUTH SO USDA FOREST SERVICE SOUTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE SAW-LOG VOLUME; PULPWOOD VOLUME; FORM CLASS AB Stemwood cubic-foot volume tables are presented for 44 species and 10 species groups based on equations used to estimate timber sale volumes on national forests in the South. Tables are based on taper data for 13,469 trees sampled from Virginia to Texas. A series of tables are presented for each species based on diameter at breast height (d.b.h.) in combination with total height and height to a LF-inch diameter outside bark (d.o.b.) top. Volume tables are also presented based on d.b.h. in combination with height to a 7-inch d.o.b. top for softwoods and height to a g-inch d.o.b. top for hardwoods. Sawtimber tables display saw-log stem volume by log (16-foot) and half log (8-foot) intervals and also show stemwood volume to a 7-inch d.o.b. top for softwoods, to a 9-inch d.o.b. top for hard- woods and to a 4-inch d.o.b. top for all species. Pulpwood tables show stemwood volume to a 4-inch d.o.b. top in 5-feet height intervals. RP CLARK, A (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU USDA FOR SERV SE FOR EXP STN PI ASHEVILLE PA 200 WEAVER BLVD, ASHEVILLE, NC 28804 SN 0748-1586 J9 USDA FOR SERV SE RES JI USDA For. Serv. Southeast. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PD SEP PY 1994 IS SE-290 BP R4 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA RR301 UT WOS:A1994RR30100001 ER PT J AU CHEEVERS, WP KNOWLES, DP MCGUIRE, TC BASZLER, TV HULLINGER, GA AF CHEEVERS, WP KNOWLES, DP MCGUIRE, TC BASZLER, TV HULLINGER, GA TI CAPRINE ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS LENTIVIRUS (CAEV) CHALLENGE OF GOATS IMMUNIZED WITH RECOMBINANT VACCINIA VIRUS EXPRESSING CAEV SURFACE AND TRANSMEMBRANE ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA VIRUSES; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; ANTIGENIC VARIANTS; SUBUNIT VACCINES; RHESUS MACAQUES; INFECTED GOATS; PROTECTION; VISNA; RETROVIRUS AB This study evaluated infection and disease following caprine arthritis-encephalitis lentivirus (CAEV) challenge of goats with existent immune response to CAEV surface and transmembrane envelope glycoproteins. Six Saanen goats were vaccinated three times with recombinant vaccinia virus rWR63 expressing glycoproteins encoded by the CAEV-63 envelope gene. Two goats were immunized with rWRSC11, a control vaccinia virus derived from the pSC11 vaccinia expression plasmid without the CAEV envelope gene. One pair of rWR63 vaccinated goats received a booster immunization with recombinant surface glycoprotein in Freund's complete adjuvant, a second pair was boosted by intravenous inoculation with rWR63, and the third pair was boosted by immunization with HPLC purified native CAEV surface glycoprotein in Freund's complete adjuvant. All six goats vaccinated with rWR63 developed antibody responses to CAEV envelope glycoproteins; however, CAEV-63 neutralizing antibody was not detected. Neither of the rWRSC11-vaccinated goats developed CAEV reactive antibody. All goats were challenged by intravenous inoculation with 10(6) TCID50 CAEV-63. All goats became infected following challenge infection, shown by detection of serum antibody to CAEV core proteins and virus isolation. Existent CAEV-63 immune responses did not detectably alter the severity of inflammatory joint lesions at 24 weeks postchallenge. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES INST,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP CHEEVERS, WP (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA50141]; NIADDK NIH HHS [AM27680]; NIAID NIH HHS [T32-AI07025] NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 42 IS 3-4 BP 237 EP 251 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90070-1 PG 15 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA PG619 UT WOS:A1994PG61900002 PM 7810058 ER PT J AU GARBRECHT, J FERNANDEZ, GP AF GARBRECHT, J FERNANDEZ, GP TI VISUALIZATION OF TRENDS AND FLUCTUATIONS IN CLIMATIC RECORDS - REPLY SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Note RP GARBRECHT, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 931 EP 931 PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA PP609 UT WOS:A1994PP60900017 ER PT J AU MOHANTY, BP ANKENY, MD HORTON, R KANWAR, RS AF MOHANTY, BP ANKENY, MD HORTON, R KANWAR, RS TI SPATIAL-ANALYSIS OF HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY MEASURED USING DISC INFILTROMETERS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER INFILTRATION; SANDY LOAM; TENSION INFILTROMETER; CROPPING SYSTEM; SOLUTE MOVEMENT; NO-TILLAGE; VARIABILITY; MACROPOROSITY; RESISTANT; FIELD AB Spatial variability of surface hydraulic properties and the extrinsic (e.g., traffic, cropping, etc.) and intrinsic (e.g., soil type, pore size distribution, etc.) factors; associated with these properties are important for infiltration and runoff processes in agricultural fields. Disc infiltrometers measured infiltration at 296 sites arranged on two parallel transects. To examine and differentiate the factors contributing to spatial structure under different field conditions these measurements were made in the corn rows, no-track interrows, and wheel track interrows of the field using four different soil water tensions Psi (0, 30, 60, and 150 mm). Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) were maximum in the corn rows and minimum in wheel track interrows, with no-track interrows intermediate. Exponents (alpha parameters) of K-s and K relationships (K = K-s exp(-alpha Psi)) for corn rows and no-track interrows were not significantly different from each other but were significantly different from ct for the wheel track interrows at P = 0.01 level. Spatial variability of K and K-s values showed some pseudoproportional effect in nugget variance for all three field conditions. No-track interrows clearly showed an inverse trend for semivariogram of K with changing tension (Psi) values, whereas differences were found for corn rows and wheel traffic interrows. The spatial structure of a: for all three field conditions were mostly white noise. Under corn rows, in addition to random variation, a small five-row periodic variation at the P = 0.20 level, matching the five-row traffic configuration, was discovered. The spatial structure of ct was influenced by soil type for the no-track interrows. Spatial structure was absent in wheel track interrows, indicating the destruction of pore structure due to compaction. C1 DANIEL B STEPHENS & ASSOCIATES INC,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87109. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN,AMES,IA 50011. RP MOHANTY, BP (reprint author), US ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 58 TC 108 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 30 IS 9 BP 2489 EP 2498 DI 10.1029/94WR01052 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA PE742 UT WOS:A1994PE74200001 ER PT J AU WYWIALOWSKI, AP AF WYWIALOWSKI, AP TI AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS PERCEPTIONS OF WILDLIFE-CAUSED LOSSES SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS; CANIS-LATRANS; COYOTES; DAMAGE; DEER; DOLLAR VALUE; FIELD CROPS; FRUITS; LIVESTOCK; ODOCOILEUS; VEGETABLES; WILDLIFE ID DAMAGE RP WYWIALOWSKI, AP (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,812 FED BLDG,6505 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 35 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 1994 VL 22 IS 3 BP 370 EP 382 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA PH858 UT WOS:A1994PH85800002 ER PT J AU BAKKE, JE LARSEN, GL DAVISON, KL AF BAKKE, JE LARSEN, GL DAVISON, KL TI EFFECT OF AT-125 ON THE METABOLISM OF PROPACHLOR AND THE GLUTATHIONE CONJUGATES OF PROPACHLOR AND BROMOBENZENE IN RAT SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATION; KIDNEY AB 1. Dosing rats with the gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase inhibitor AT-125 results in the excretion of free glutathione in the urine of rat: this treatment did not lead to the excretion of glutathione conjugates of orally dosed xenobiotics, neither did AT-125 increase the biliary excretion of glutathione conjugates. 2. Dosing rat with AT-125 prior to dosing with 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide decreased the excretion of 2-methylsulphonylacetanilide metabolites from 23% of the dose to <0.5%. 3. We conclude that glutathione and glutathione-xenobiotic conjugates are probably not processed in vivo by the same pathway, and that AT-125 can alter the in vivo transport of mercapturic acid pathway metabolites. RP BAKKE, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD SEP PY 1994 VL 24 IS 9 BP 909 EP 919 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA PK664 UT WOS:A1994PK66400008 PM 7810172 ER PT J AU DEVAULT, JD NARANG, SK AF DEVAULT, JD NARANG, SK TI TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS IN LEPIDOPTERA - HOBO-LIKE TRANSPOSONS IN HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS AND HELICOVERPA-ZEA SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA; PROTEIN; DNA; TRANSFORMATION; INSECTS; MAIZE; TAM3; AC AB In the present study, a PCR-based approach was undertaken to determine if members of the hobo-like family of transposable elements were identifiable within the genomes of a number of diverse species, including Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa tea. The amplified products derived from both H. virescens and H. tea were cloned and characterized. Analysis of the DNA sequence and the single open reading frame found within these fragments clearly demonstrates that these elements are closely related to the hobo transposon from Drosophila melanogaster. In addition, amino acid sequence analysis of the members of this family defines consensus, specific amino acids found within similar regions of all members of this transposon family. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. RP DEVAULT, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD AUG 30 PY 1994 VL 203 IS 1 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2164 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA PD473 UT WOS:A1994PD47300025 PM 8074652 ER PT J AU ULLAH, AHJ MULLANEY, EM DISCHINGER, HC AF ULLAH, AHJ MULLANEY, EM DISCHINGER, HC TI THE COMPLETE PRIMARY STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF ASPERGILLUS-FICUUM (NIGER), PH-6.0, OPTIMUM ACID-PHOSPHATASE BY EDMAN DEGRADATION SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PURIFICATION; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; PHYTASE; CLONING AB The primary structure of the Aspergillus ficuum (niger) NRRL 3135 extracellular, pH 6.0, optimum acid phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.2) was elucidated by gas phase sequencing. It was deduced by sequence overlap of peptides obtained from trypsin, chymotrypsin, clostripain, and cyanogen bromide digests of the pyridylethylated protein. The mature, active protein is composed of 583 amino acids, including 13 glycosylated Asn residues. The unglycosylated protein has a MW of 64,245-KDa and a pl of 4.97. Two putative metal binding sites were identified in the molecule. This enzyme may represent a special class of high molecular weight acid phosphatase, since it lacks the active site sequence RHGXRXP and shows no significant homology with known acid phosphatases containing this active site. Homology to human type 5 and A.niger APases was detected, however. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. RP ULLAH, AHJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD AUG 30 PY 1994 VL 203 IS 1 BP 182 EP 189 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2166 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA PD473 UT WOS:A1994PD47300027 PM 8074654 ER PT J AU BURKE, MD THOMPSON, S WEAVER, RJ WOLF, CR MAYER, RT AF BURKE, MD THOMPSON, S WEAVER, RJ WOLF, CR MAYER, RT TI CYTOCHROME-P450 SPECIFICITIES OF ALKOXYRESORUFIN O-DEALKYLATION IN HUMAN AND RAT-LIVER SO BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE METABOLISM; MICROSOMES; ANTIBODIES; INDUCTION; INHIBITION; FURAFYLLINE ID DIFFERENT FORMS; DE-ETHYLATION; METABOLISM; ETHOXYRESORUFIN; MICROSOMES; INDUCIBILITY; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; MOUSE; GENE AB The O-dealkylations of ethoxyresorufin and pentoxyresorufin are widely used activity probes for measuring the cytochrome P450 forms, CYP1A1 and CYP2B1, respectively, and their induction by xenobiotics, but there is confusion in the literature about which P450 forms are detected in human and rat liver microsomes by these and homologous alkoxyresorufins. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis confirmed that O-dealkylation to resorufin was the sole or predominant route of metabolism for both short-chain and long-chain alkoxyresorufins and benzyloxyresorufin by rat liver microsomes. The purified 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC)-induced rat P450 forms, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, and a possible variant form, CYP1A1*, showed substrate selectivities for propoxyresorufin, methoxyresorufin and ethoxyresorufin, respectively. Purified phenobarbitone (PB)-induced CYP2B1 was selective for benzyloxyresorufin and pentoxyresorufin. Purified constitutive CYP2C6 was much less active than CYP2B1 or the CYP1A forms but showed distinctive selectivity for benzyloxy-, propoxy- and butoxyresorufin. CYP1A2 and CYP2C6 metabolised n-propoxy- and n-butoxyresorufin much more rapidly (8-23-fold) than iso-propoxy- and iso-butoxyresorufin, whereas CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 showed only small differences (2-5-fold) between the n- and iso-homologues and CYP1A1* and CYP2B2 did not discriminate between them. The results show that ratios between different alkoxyresorufin O-dealkylation (AROD) activities can be more useful than absolute values of single activities for identifying P450 forms. Anti-P450 antibody and furafylline inhibition of rat liver microsomal AROD confirmed that ethoxyresorufin was a selective probe for CYP1A1 in 3MC-induced and isosafrole (ISF)-induced microsomes and that pentoxy- and benzyloxyresorufins both selectively measured CYP2B1 in PB-induced and ISF-induced microsomes. Ethoxyresorufin was not a selective probe for CYP1A in liver microsomes from untreated or PB-induced rats, however, where it was metabolised mainly by CYP2C6 and CYP2B1, respectively. Pentoxyresorufin and benzyloryresorufin were metabolised by several different P450 forms in non-induced rat liver microsomes but mainly by the CYP1A subfamily in 3MC-induced microsomes and by CYP2B1 in PB- and ISF-induced microsomes. Although with purified rat P450s methoxyresorufin appeared not effectively to discriminate CYP1A2 from CYP1A1, CYP1A1* or CYP2C6, furafylline inhibition indicated that methoxyresorufin was a selective measure of CYP1A2 in uninduced and 3MC-induced rat liver microsomes but not in ISF- or PB-induced microsomes. In human liver microsomes, antibody inhibition and furafylline inhibition showed that ethoxyresorufin and methoryresorufin were metabolised mainly by CYP1A2, whilst benzyloxyresorufin metabolism was due mainly to the CYP3A subfamily but also involved CYP1A2 and CYP2A6. There was considerable interindividual variation in the roles of different P450 forms in all three reactions in human liver. C1 UNIV DUNDEE, NINEWELLS HOSP & MED SCH, CTR BIOMED RES, ICRF MOLEC PHARMACOL UNIT, DUNDEE DD1 9SY, SCOTLAND. USDA ARS, HORT RES LAB, ORLANDO, FL 32803 USA. RP BURKE, MD (reprint author), UNIV ABERDEEN, MARISCHAL COLL, DEPT BIOMED SCI, ABERDEEN AB9 1AS, SCOTLAND. NR 39 TC 468 Z9 473 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0006-2952 J9 BIOCHEM PHARMACOL JI Biochem. Pharmacol. PD AUG 30 PY 1994 VL 48 IS 5 BP 923 EP 936 DI 10.1016/0006-2952(94)90363-8 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA PG589 UT WOS:A1994PG58900010 PM 8093105 ER PT J AU FRANCE, LL PIATTI, PG NEWMAN, JFE TOTH, I GIBBONS, WA BROWN, F AF FRANCE, LL PIATTI, PG NEWMAN, JFE TOTH, I GIBBONS, WA BROWN, F TI CIRCULAR-DICHROISM, MOLECULAR MODELING, AND SEROLOGY INDICATE THAT THE STRUCTURAL BASIS OF ANTIGENIC VARIATION IN FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS IS ALPHA-HELIX FORMATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FORMING TENDENCIES; AMINO-ACIDS; PROTEINS; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETER; ABSORPTION; PEPTIDES; SURFACE; COMPLEX; VOLUMES AB Seven antigenic variants obtained from a single field isolate of foot-and-mouth disease virus, serotype A12, differ only at residues 148 and 153 in the immunodominant loop of viral protein VP1. Synthetic peptides corresponding to the region 141-160 are highly immunogenic. UV circular dichroism shows that (i) in aqueous solution the peptides are nearly identical, but in 100% trifluoroethanol they display helix-forming properties which correlate well with their serological crossreactivities for anti-peptide sera, and (ii) these properties are insensitive to substitutions at position 153, except for proline, but are highly sensitive to substitutions at position 148. This pattern can be explained by the effects of these substitutions on the amphiphilic character and positions of helices postulated in the region 146-156. Molecular models indicate that residues 147, 148, 150, 151, 153-155, and 157 are most likely to interact with residues of the antibody paratopes. The data are consistent with the existence of an inverse gamma-turn around Pro-153, and a beta-turn at the cell-attachment site at residues 145-147. C1 UNIV LONDON,SCH PHARM,DEPT PHARMACEUT CHEM,LONDON WC1N 1AX,ENGLAND. RP FRANCE, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 30 PY 1994 VL 91 IS 18 BP 8442 EP 8446 DI 10.1073/pnas.91.18.8442 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PE388 UT WOS:A1994PE38800028 PM 8078900 ER PT J AU NAZERIAN, K AF NAZERIAN, K TI ON THE DIALOG BETWEEN SCIENCE AND RELIGION - RESPONSE SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter RP NAZERIAN, K (reprint author), USDA,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENTIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 MARKET ST SUITE 450, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD AUG 22 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 16 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PC523 UT WOS:A1994PC52300012 ER PT J AU CHUNG, SY VERCELLOTTI, JR ULLAH, AJ SANDERS, TH AF CHUNG, SY VERCELLOTTI, JR ULLAH, AJ SANDERS, TH TI CHANGES IN PEPTIDE PROFILES DURING PEANUT CURING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,MQHR,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 5 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100005 ER PT J AU LEHOTAY, SJ ELLER, KI AHARONSON, N IBRAHIM, MA AF LEHOTAY, SJ ELLER, KI AHARONSON, N IBRAHIM, MA TI SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION FOR MULTIRESIDUE ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDES IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 6 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100006 ER PT J AU MORRIS, NM FAUGHT, S CATALANO, EA MONTALVO, JG ANDREWS, BAK AF MORRIS, NM FAUGHT, S CATALANO, EA MONTALVO, JG ANDREWS, BAK TI NIR SPECTROSCOPIC DETERMINATION OF THE AMOUNT OF POLYCARBOXYLIC ACID REACTED WITH COTTON FABRIC IN DURABLE PRESS CROSS-LINK FINISHING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 9 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100546 ER PT J AU WILLETT, JL AF WILLETT, JL TI EXTRUSION OF BLENDS OF IONIC STARCHES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 11 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100609 ER PT J AU MORRIS, CE TRASKMORRELL, BJ MORRIS, NM AF MORRIS, CE TRASKMORRELL, BJ MORRIS, NM TI INTERACTION OF POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS WITH PHOSPHORUS-COMPOUNDS USED AS CATALYSTS FOR CROSS-LINKING CELLULOSE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 14 EP IEC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26102094 ER PT J AU HELLER, SR AF HELLER, SR TI DRIVING LESSONS FOR THE INFORMATION HIGHWAY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 23 EP COMP PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26101330 ER PT J AU MEDLEY, TL AF MEDLEY, TL TI USDA PETITION PROCESS - A 1ST STEP TO COMMERCIALIZATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 23 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100191 ER PT J AU BERTONIERE, N WELCH, C ANDREWS, B MORRIS, C TRASKMORRELL, B MORRIS, N CHOI, HM TURNER, J AF BERTONIERE, N WELCH, C ANDREWS, B MORRIS, C TRASKMORRELL, B MORRIS, N CHOI, HM TURNER, J TI THE FINISHING OF COTTON FABRIC WITH POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. COTTON INC,RALEIGH,NC. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 25 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100623 ER PT J AU BLANCHARD, EJ REINHARDT, RM GRAVES, EE AF BLANCHARD, EJ REINHARDT, RM GRAVES, EE TI THE EFFECTS OF TRANSITION-METAL SALTS ON CROSS-LINKED CELLULOSE-CONTAINING TANNIN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 26 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100624 ER PT J AU CHEN, GC AF CHEN, GC TI FUNGAL DECAY RESISTANCE AND FIRE RETARDANCY OF WOOD REACTED WITH PHOSPHORUS PENTOXIDE AND BUTYLAMINE SYSTEM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 29 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100627 ER PT J AU LIU, FP WOLCOTT, MP GARDNER, DJ RIALS, TG AF LIU, FP WOLCOTT, MP GARDNER, DJ RIALS, TG TI IMPROVING INTERFACIAL ADHESION BETWEEN WOOD FIBERS AND THERMOPLASTICS - STUDY OF EXAMINING CHEMICALLY-MODIFIED WOOD AND POLYSTYRENE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 33 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100631 ER PT J AU WARNER, K AF WARNER, K TI PHYTOCHEMICALS IN SOYBEANS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 33 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100033 ER PT J AU NUNEZ, A PIAZZA, GJ AF NUNEZ, A PIAZZA, GJ TI HPLC ANALYSES OF ACYLGLYCEROLS AND PHOSPHOLIPIDS WITH A C18-HEMA POLYMER COLUMN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ERRC,WYNDMOOR,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 36 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100315 ER PT J AU SCOTT, GM DAVILA, T ABUBAKR, S AF SCOTT, GM DAVILA, T ABUBAKR, S TI USING CHEMICAL TREATMENTS TO PROMOTE THE REHYDRATION OF FIBERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 38 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100636 ER PT J AU ROWELL, RM LANGE, SE AF ROWELL, RM LANGE, SE TI UTILIZATION OF RECYCLED AGRO-BASED FIBER FOR COMPOSITES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 39 EP MACR PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA269 UT WOS:A1994PA26902060 ER PT J AU SANADI, AR ROWELL, RM WALZ, K CAULFIELD, DF JACOBSON, RE WIELOCH, L AF SANADI, AR ROWELL, RM WALZ, K CAULFIELD, DF JACOBSON, RE WIELOCH, L TI UTILIZATION OF RECYCLED FIBERS AND REINFORCING AGRO-FILTERS IN THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53705. FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RI Sanadi, Anand/C-4420-2015 OI Sanadi, Anand/0000-0002-6382-9225 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 40 EP MACR PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA269 UT WOS:A1994PA26902061 ER PT J AU MORRIS, NM CATALANO, EA ANDREWS, BAK AF MORRIS, NM CATALANO, EA ANDREWS, BAK TI DEGREE OF ESTERIFICATION OF POLYCARBOXYLIC ACID FINISHES ON COTTON FABRICS .1. FT-IR METHODOLOGY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 53 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100332 ER PT J AU ANDREWS, BAK MORRIS, NM CATALANO, EA AF ANDREWS, BAK MORRIS, NM CATALANO, EA TI DEGREE OF ESTERIFICATION OF POLYCARBOXYLIC ACID FINISHES .2. APPLICATION OF FT-IR METHODOLOGY TO DURABILITY STUDIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 54 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100333 ER PT J AU DIETENBERGER, MA AF DIETENBERGER, MA TI PROTOCOL FOR IGNITABILITY, LATERAL FLAME SPREAD, AND HEAT RELEASE RATE USING LIFT APPARATUS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 56 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA269 UT WOS:A1994PA26901581 ER PT J AU VERCELLOTTI, JR CHUNG, SY BETT, KL VINYARD, BT SANDERS, TH AF VERCELLOTTI, JR CHUNG, SY BETT, KL VINYARD, BT SANDERS, TH TI CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM IN PEANUTS DURING POSTHARVEST MATURATION AND CURING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 57 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100594 ER PT J AU WALL, RJ AF WALL, RJ TI TRANSGENIC LIVESTOCK - GENETIC-ENGINEERING ON A LARGE-SCALE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 57 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100057 ER PT J AU YOUNG, AL JONES, DD AF YOUNG, AL JONES, DD TI THE ROLE OF THE PUBLIC AND FEDERAL ADVISORY COMMITTEES IN PROVIDING ADVICE TO THE GOVERNMENT ON SCIENCE ISSUES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,OFF AGR BIOTECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 58 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100058 ER PT J AU HEDIN, PA CALLAHAN, FE DOLLAR, DA CREECH, RG AF HEDIN, PA CALLAHAN, FE DOLLAR, DA CREECH, RG TI TOTAL STEROLS IN ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA INFECTED COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM (L) PLANT-ROOTS AND EGGS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 60 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100227 ER PT J AU GRIMM, DT SANDERS, TH AF GRIMM, DT SANDERS, TH TI THE INFLUENCE OF SEED SIZE AND MATURITY ON PEANUT COMPOSITION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 65 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100065 ER PT J AU LIN, JT MCKEON, TA STAFFORD, AE AF LIN, JT MCKEON, TA STAFFORD, AE TI SOME ELUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF FATTY-ACIDS IN C18 HPLC SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 65 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100344 ER PT J AU MEREDITH, FI BACON, CW NORRED, WP PLATTNER, RD AF MEREDITH, FI BACON, CW NORRED, WP PLATTNER, RD TI ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF FUMONISIN-FB(1) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ATHENS,GA 30601. USDA ARS,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 67 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100067 ER PT J AU MCFEETERS, RF GIESBRECHT, FG AF MCFEETERS, RF GIESBRECHT, FG TI PRESERVATIVE AND PIGMENT ANALYSIS IN PICKLED CUCUMBERS - SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF COMPOUNDS WITH OVERLAPPING SPECTRA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 69 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100069 ER PT J AU TIMM, RW STARR, RI AF TIMM, RW STARR, RI TI SOIL PHOTOLYSIS OF STRYCHNINE ALKALOID UNDER CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,APHIS,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 69 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26101576 ER PT J AU CHANG, MK CHAPITAL, DC CONKERTON, EJ AF CHANG, MK CHAPITAL, DC CONKERTON, EJ TI PURIFICATION OF CONJUGATED FATTY-ACID SYNTHETASE(S) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 71 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100071 ER PT J AU KOCHANSKY, JP COHEN, CF LUSBY, WR AF KOCHANSKY, JP COHEN, CF LUSBY, WR TI STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIPS IN 2,4-DI-TERT-BUTYL-6-(4-SUBSTITUTED BENZYL)PHENOLS AS CHEMOSTERILANTS IN THE HOUSE-FLY (MUSCA-DOMESTICA L) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 74 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100241 ER PT J AU HARIKKHAN, R MOATS, WA AF HARIKKHAN, R MOATS, WA TI IMPROVED DETECTION OF BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES IN MILK USING SCREENING KITS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 77 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100077 ER PT J AU BERLIN, E BHATHENA, SJ JUDD, JT CLEVIDENCE, BA PETERS, RC AF BERLIN, E BHATHENA, SJ JUDD, JT CLEVIDENCE, BA PETERS, RC TI HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANE FLUIDITY AND INSULIN BINDING ARE INDEPENDENT OF DIETARY TRANS-FATTY-ACIDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 78 EP BIOL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100515 ER PT J AU BANKS, MA PETERS, RC BERLIN, E AF BANKS, MA PETERS, RC BERLIN, E TI ISOLATION OF A HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT VITAMIN-E BINDING-PROTEIN FROM RAT AND HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE LYSATES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract RP BANKS, MA (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 79 EP BIOL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100516 ER PT J AU MILLER, EG PORTERWRIGHT, JL BINNIE, WH GUO, IY HASEGAWA, S AF MILLER, EG PORTERWRIGHT, JL BINNIE, WH GUO, IY HASEGAWA, S TI THE IMPORTANCE OF THE B-RING OF THE LIMONOID NUCLEUS TO THE CANCER CHEMOPREVENTIVE ACTIVITY OF CITRUS LIMONOIDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL DENT,DALLAS,TX 75246. USDA,PASADENA,CA 91106. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 79 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100079 ER PT J AU SWADER, FN AF SWADER, FN TI AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS AND WATER-POLLUTION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,OSEC,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 101 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100266 ER PT J AU LAX, AR AF LAX, AR TI BIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY OF POLYPHENOL OXIDASE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 104 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100104 ER PT J AU VAUGHN, KC STEFFENS, JC AF VAUGHN, KC STEFFENS, JC TI CYTOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF POLYPHENOL POLYPHENOL OXIDASE DISTRIBUTION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT BREEDING,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 108 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100108 ER PT J AU PARRY, RM AF PARRY, RM TI DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVES FOR PEST-CONTROL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,OFF TECHNOL TRANSFER,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 112 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100273 ER PT J AU SAPERS, GM MILLER, RL CHOI, SW AF SAPERS, GM MILLER, RL CHOI, SW TI PREVENTION OF ENZYMATIC BROWNING IN PREPEELED POTATOES AND MINIMALLY PROCESSED MUSHROOMS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 123 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100123 ER PT J AU TONG, C HICKS, K OSMANN, S HOTCHKISS, A HAINES, R AF TONG, C HICKS, K OSMANN, S HOTCHKISS, A HAINES, R TI OXALIC-ACID IN PECTIN INHIBITS BROWNING OF RAW APPLE JUICE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 124 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100124 ER PT J AU REINHARDT, RM BHATTACHARYYA, N DOSHI, BA SAHASRABUDHE, AS MISTRY, PR AF REINHARDT, RM BHATTACHARYYA, N DOSHI, BA SAHASRABUDHE, AS MISTRY, PR TI CITRIC-ACID TREATMENT OF DYED COTTON FABRIC SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. BOMBAY TEXT RES ASSOC,BOMBAY 400086,INDIA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 133 EP POLY PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA269 UT WOS:A1994PA26901148 ER PT J AU NABETANI, H ABBOTT, TP SESSA, DJ WOLF, WJ KLEIMAN, R LIEBMAN, MN DUKOR, RK AF NABETANI, H ABBOTT, TP SESSA, DJ WOLF, WJ KLEIMAN, R LIEBMAN, MN DUKOR, RK TI EFFECTS OF BOUND WATER ON FT-IR SPECTRA OF GLYCININ SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. AMOCO TECHNOL CO,AMOCO RES CTR,NAPERVILLE,IL 60566. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 144 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100144 ER PT J AU BUTTERY, RG LING, LC TAKEOKA, G AF BUTTERY, RG LING, LC TAKEOKA, G TI VOLATILE WATER-SOLUBLE FLAVOR COMPONENTS OF TOMATO SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 158 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100158 ER PT J AU FRIEDMAN, M LEVIN, CE MCDONALD, GM AF FRIEDMAN, M LEVIN, CE MCDONALD, GM TI ALPHA-TOMATINE CONTENT OF TOMATOES MEASURED BY HPLC USING PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION (PAD) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 159 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100159 ER PT J AU STEINHEIMER, TR SCOGGIN, KD AF STEINHEIMER, TR SCOGGIN, KD TI FARM CHEMICAL-DISTRIBUTION WITHIN A SMALL AGRICULTURAL WATERSHED SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP A90 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100259 ER PT J AU JOHNSTON, CE AF JOHNSTON, CE TI SPAWNING BEHAVIOR OF THE GOLD-STRIPE DARTER (ETHEOSTOMA-PARVIPINNE GILBERT AND SWAIN) (PERCIDAE) SO COPEIA LA English DT Note RP JOHNSTON, CE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, FOREST HYDROL LAB, OXFORD, MS 38655 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD AUG 17 PY 1994 IS 3 BP 823 EP 825 DI 10.2307/1447204 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA PD127 UT WOS:A1994PD12700031 ER PT J AU CHOUREY, PS TALIERCIO, EW AF CHOUREY, PS TALIERCIO, EW TI EPISTATIC INTERACTION AND FUNCTIONAL COMPENSATION BETWEEN THE 2 TISSUE-SPEC IFIC AND CELL-SPECIFIC SUCROSE SYNTHASE GENES IN MAIZE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ISOZYMES; POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL; CROSS-REGULATION ID ZEA-MAYS-L; HIGHER-PLANTS; CHROMOSOME 9; EXPRESSION; SYNTHETASE; ENDOSPERM; LOCUS; ARABIDOPSIS; SEQUENCES; SEEDLINGS AB A tissue-specific epistatic mode of gene interaction was observed between molecularly homologous genes Sh1 and Sus1 (hereafter, Sh and Sus), encoding the sucrose synthase (SS) isozymes, SS1 and SS2, respectively. In Sh Sus genotype, both SS genes were expressed simultaneously and approximately equally in young seedlings; however, only the Sus-encoded SS2 protein was seen in the developing embryos. By contrast, the mutant sus genotype, lacking detectable levels of the SS2 protein in various tissues tested, showed expression of the Sh focus as judged by the detection of the SS1 protein in such embryos. Ectopic expression in embryos was seen from two separate Sh alleles, Sh-W22 and Sh'-5 (a revertant allele derived upon Ds excision from sh-m5933). In each case, the Sh expression at the protein level in embryos was unique to genotypes with the mutant sus gene. Based on the observed lack of phenotypic change in the sus mutant, we suggest that the ectopic expression of the Sh in otherwise Sus-specific tissues leads to functional compensation. There was no epistatic interaction of Sh and Sus at the RNA level as SS1 transcripts were detectable in both Sus and sus embryos. Thus, embryo specificity between the two SS genes was determined at posttranscriptional or at translational level of control. We surmise on the basis of these data that metabolic regulatory controls seem to override the normal constraints of tissue and cell specificity of the nonallelic isozyme genes to maintain efficient use of the pathways. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,PROGRAM PLANT MOLEC & CELLULAR BIOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP CHOUREY, PS (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 39 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 16 PY 1994 VL 91 IS 17 BP 7917 EP 7921 DI 10.1073/pnas.91.17.7917 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PC242 UT WOS:A1994PC24200019 PM 8058735 ER PT J AU WANG, XD KRINSKY, NI BENOTTI, PN RUSSELL, RM AF WANG, XD KRINSKY, NI BENOTTI, PN RUSSELL, RM TI BIOSYNTHESIS OF 9-CIS-RETINOIC ACID FROM 9-CIS-BETA-CAROTENE IN HUMAN INTESTINAL-MUCOSA IN-VITRO SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE BETA-CAROTENE ISOMERS; RETINAL ISOMERS; RETINOIC ACID ISOMERS; HUMAN INTESTINAL MUCOSA; CENTRAL CLEAVAGE; EXCENTRIC CLEAVAGE ID NATURAL ISOMER MIXTURE; 9-CIS RETINOIC ACID; TRANS-BETA-CAROTENE; ALL-TRANS; VITAMIN-A; 13-CIS-RETINOIC ACID; METABOLISM INVIVO; HUMAN SERUM; RAT; CONVERSION AB The role of 9-cis-beta-carotene (9-cis-beta-C) as a potential precursor of 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis-RA) has been examined in human intestinal mucosa in vitro. By using HPLC, uv spectra, and chemical derivatization analysis, both 9-cis-RA and all-trans-retinoic acid (all-trans-RA) have been identified in the postnuclear fraction of human intestinal mucosa after incubation with 9-cis-beta-C at 37 degrees C. The biosynthesis of both 9-cis-RA and all-trans-RA from 9-cis-beta-C was linear with increasing concentrations of 9-cis-beta-C (2-30 mu M) and was linear with respect to tissue protein concentration up to 0.75 mg/ml. Retinoic acid was not detected when a boiled incubation mixture was incubated in the presence of 9-cis-beta-C. The rate of synthesis of 9-cis- and all-trans-RA from 4 mu M 9-cis-beta-C were 16 +/- 1 and 18 +/- 2 pmol/hr/mg of protein, respectively. However, when 2 mu M all-trans-beta-C was added to the 4 mu M 9-cis-beta-C, the rate of all-trans-RA synthesis was increased to 38 +/- 6 pmol/hr/mg of protein, whereas the rate of 9-cis-RA synthesis remained the same. These results suggest that 9-cis-RA is produced directly from 9-cis-beta-C. Furthermore, incubations of either 0.1 mu M 9-cis- or all-trans-retinal under the same incubation conditions showed that 9-cis-RA could also arise through oxidative conversion of 9-cis-retinal. Although only 9-cis-RA was detected when 9-cis-RA was used as the substrate, the isomerization of the all-trans-RA to 9-cis-RA cannot be ruled out, since both all-trans-RA and trace amounts of 9-cis-RA were detected when all-trans-retinal was incubated as the substrate. These data indicate that 9-cis-beta-C can be a source of 9-cis-RA in the human. This conversion may have a significance in the anticarcinogenic action of beta-C. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,GASTROINTESTINAL NUTR LA,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT SURG,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA49195-01] NR 32 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD AUG 15 PY 1994 VL 313 IS 1 BP 150 EP 155 DI 10.1006/abbi.1994.1371 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA PB624 UT WOS:A1994PB62400022 PM 8053676 ER PT J AU BRUNINGFANN, C KANEENE, JB MILLER, RA GARDNER, I JOHNSON, R ROSS, F AF BRUNINGFANN, C KANEENE, JB MILLER, RA GARDNER, I JOHNSON, R ROSS, F TI THE USE OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES TO DISCERN FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE NITRATE CONCENTRATION OF WELL WATER ON SWINE FARMS IN THE USA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE NITRATE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; WELL WATER ID DRINKING-WATER; METHEMOGLOBINEMIA; NITROGEN AB This epidemiological study investigates the relationship between various factors associated with swine farms and the nitrate concentration of well water in the USA. Through a random sampling procedure, 605 swine farms located in 18 states were selected for inclusion in this study. A total of 631 well water samples were collected from these farms and tested for a variety of elements and compounds. The concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, chloride, sodium, potassium, ammonia, fluoride, bromide and lithium were determined by an ion chromatograph while an inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, barium, zinc, iron and phosphate. Data concerning various farm factors were gathered via a personally administered questionnaire. The data were examined using both multiple linear regression and logistic regression. Results indicate that 53.6% (338/631) of the wells contained detectable levels of nitrate, 11.7% (74/631) had nitrate levels exceeding 45 ppm and 4.3% (27/631) exceeded 100 ppm. Logistic models demonstrated an association between nitrate concentrations > 45 ppm, increasing water potassium levels and wells < 100 ft deep. Nitrate levels > 100 ppm were related to increasing water concentrations of potassium, magnesium, barium and zinc, wells 6-10 years old, increasing distance from the study farm to the nearest cattle farm and a greater distance to the nearest waterway located off the study farm. A negative association was seen between nitrate concentrations > 100 ppm, the water level of sulfate, and the use of the same well to supply both the household and livestock. Multiple linear regression models revealed a positive association between increasing nitrate concentration and the water levels of chloride, calcium, zinc and the greater number of miles from the study farm to the nearest farm with cattle or sheep. A negative association was noted between the concentration of well water nitrate and the water levels of sulfate and ammonia, the use of water treatment, the number of miles to the nearest farm with poultry, the employment of water treatment and the use of the same well to supply water to both livestock and the household. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, COLL VET MED, CTR POPULAT MED, A109 VET MED CTR, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. USDA, ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV, VET SERV, HOLT, MI 48842 USA. USDA, ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV, NAT VET SERV LABS, AMES, IA 50010 USA. PURDUE UNIV, SCH VET MED, DEPT VET PATHOBIOL, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SCH VET MED, DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT MED, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 1994 VL 153 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 96 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(94)90105-8 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PA543 UT WOS:A1994PA54300009 PM 7939621 ER PT J AU HUANG, WY BEACH, ED FERNANDEZCORNEJO, J URI, ND AF HUANG, WY BEACH, ED FERNANDEZCORNEJO, J URI, ND TI AN ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL RISKS OF GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE-WATER CONTAMINATION BY AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS USED IN VEGETABLE PRODUCTION SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS; ENVIRONMENT; VEGETABLES; WATER QUALITY AB This study identifies agricultural chemicals used in vegetable production in Arizona, Florida, Michigan and Texas that are potential contaminants of groundwater and surface water, which, in tum, pose risks to human health. Arizona and Florida are more likely to have nitrate leaching problems than Michigan or Texas. The potential for pesticide leaching is relatively high in Arizona head lettuce production and Michigan asparagus production but only moderate in Florida tomato production and Texas watermelon production. The potential for soil-adsorbed runoff and solution runoff in Arizona head lettuce, Florida tomatoes and Michigan asparagus is low to moderate. The potential for these sorts of losses in Texas watermelon production is relatively high. Vegetable production around Phoenix, Arizona, in southeast Texas, and in the entire State of Florida is located such that groundwater aquifers which supply drinking water are vulnerable to contamination. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 1994 VL 153 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 167 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(94)90112-0 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PA543 UT WOS:A1994PA54300016 ER PT J AU FEDORKACRAY, PJ WHIPP, SC ISAACSON, RE NORD, N LAGER, K AF FEDORKACRAY, PJ WHIPP, SC ISAACSON, RE NORD, N LAGER, K TI TRANSMISSION OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM TO SWINE SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; PIG; TRANSMISSION; CARRIER; ZOONOSES ID FOODBORNE DISEASE OUTBREAKS; INTERNAL ORGANS; INFECTION; PIGS; CALVES; MICE AB These studies were designed to determine the rate of transmission and the colonization pattern of Salmonella typhimurium in swine. Two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, swine challenged per os with either S. typhirmurium strain 798T + or strain 798N + were exposed to heterologous feces. Following exposure to heterologous strains, heterologous Salmonella were recovered from the feces of infected swine within 3 days and from the tonsil and ileum at necropsy. Bacterial populations in swine initially challenged with Salmonella remained constant. In experiment 2, Salmonella-free swine were commingled with a population of pigs that were shedding 2.69 log(10) CFU Salmonella/gram feces. Salmonella was recovered from pooled fecal samples from the commingled swine on day 2 post-exposure to the infected group. Low numbers of Salmonella were detected in the ileocolic lymph node, ileum, cecum or spleen of all commingled swine throughout the necropsy period. These data provide a means for evaluating transmission of Salmonella to a population of swine which may be used to study the mechanisms involved in transmission and maintenance of the disease. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,URBANA,IL 61801. RP FEDORKACRAY, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 32 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD AUG 15 PY 1994 VL 41 IS 4 BP 333 EP 344 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(94)90029-9 PG 12 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA PJ233 UT WOS:A1994PJ23300004 PM 7801533 ER PT J AU STEVENS, MG TABATABAI, LB OLSEN, SC CHEVILLE, NF AF STEVENS, MG TABATABAI, LB OLSEN, SC CHEVILLE, NF TI IMMUNE-RESPONSES TO SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE AND SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES OF SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE IN CATTLE VACCINATED WITH BRUCELLA-ABORTUS STRAIN-19 OR STRAIN-RB51 SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE BRUCELLA ABORTUS; BOVINE; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; PEPTIDES ID MUTANT STRAINS; OUTER-MEMBRANE; SURVIVAL; VIRULENT; MICE AB Antibody and lymph node cell-mediated immune responses to recombinant Brucella abortus strain 19 Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (rSOD) and to three synthetic strain 19 Cu-Zn SOD peptides were measured during 2 to 12 weeks following vaccination of cattle with B. abortus strain 19 or RB51. Cattle vaccinated with strain 19 or RB51 did not produce antibody to rSOD and to the SOD peptides. Lymph node cells from cattle vaccinated with strain 19, but not with strain RB51, proliferated when incubated with either rSOD or one of the three tested SOD peptides (GGDNYSDKPEPLGG). These results suggest that neither the strain 19 nor the strain RB51 vaccine induces antibody production to SOD and only the strain 19 vaccine induces lymph node cell-mediated immune responses to SOD. RP STEVENS, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD AUG 15 PY 1994 VL 41 IS 4 BP 383 EP 389 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(94)90034-5 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA PJ233 UT WOS:A1994PJ23300009 PM 7801538 ER PT J AU ISFORT, RJ QIAN, Z JONES, D SILVA, RF WITTER, R KUNG, HJ AF ISFORT, RJ QIAN, Z JONES, D SILVA, RF WITTER, R KUNG, HJ TI INTEGRATION OF MULTIPLE CHICKEN RETROVIRUSES INTO MULTIPLE CHICKEN HERPESVIRUSES - HERPESVIRAL GD AS A COMMON TARGET OF INTEGRATION SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; AVIAN-LEUKOSIS VIRUS; GLYCOPROTEIN-D; SIMPLEX VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PROVIRAL INSERTION; LYMPHOID LEUKOSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BURSAL LYMPHOMAS; VIRAL-DNA AB Integration of two different avian retroviruses, reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) and avian leukosis virus (ALV), into the genome of two different avian herpesviruses, the herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) and Marek's disease virus (MDV), was investigated. Integration events occurred by the fourth and sixth in vitro passage of cells coinfected with REV/HVT and ALV/MDV, respectively. In order to further characterize the integration events, integrated proviruses and surrounding herpesviral genetic material were cloned and analyzed. In the REV/HVT coinfection experiment, one of the three unique integrated proviruses was found to have integrated into the HVT go gene, resulting in disruption of the coding region of this gene. The two additional unique integrations were localized to the U-L and lR(L) border regions of HVT, two previously described common sites of REV integration into MDV. interestingly, one of the integrated proviruses in the HVT genome appeared to be full length, was infectious when transfected into CEF cells, and therefore could potentially function to produce infectious REV from an HVT infectious platform. In the ALV/MDV coinfection experiment, one of two unique integrated proviruses was found to have integrated into the go gene, resulting in disruption of the coding region of this gene. The second unique integration site was in the polyadenylation site of the SORF(2) gene at the boundary of the IR(s) and U-s, once again a common site of REV integration into MDV. These results demonstrate that the U/IR-TR border regions of herpesviruses are common sites of retroviral integration. In addition go, in the U-s region of the herpesvirus, is a common site of retroviral integration in multiple herpesvirus, indicating a possible selective advantage for disruption of this gene in the in vitro growth of a herpesvirus. Finally, this is the first instance of a full-length provirus found integrated into a herpesvirus genome, indicating that a retrovirus could alter its route of infection by being carried in a herpesvirus genome. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MOLEC BIOL & MICROBIOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. USDA ARS,REG POULTRY RES LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. RP ISFORT, RJ (reprint author), PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,MIAMI VALLEY LABS,CP&RSD HSD,POB 398707,CINCINNATI,OH 45239, USA. RI Kung, Hsing-Jien/C-7651-2013; Jones, Daniel/I-7399-2015 NR 41 TC 58 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG 15 PY 1994 VL 203 IS 1 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1006/viro.1994.1462 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA NZ236 UT WOS:A1994NZ23600015 PM 8030268 ER PT J AU SONNET, PE DUDLEY, RL AF SONNET, PE DUDLEY, RL TI STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF SELECTED TRIGLYCERIDES - COMMENTS ON ACYL MIGRATION AND ANALYSIS OF CONFIGURATION SO CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE ACYL MIGRATION; ALPHA-METHOXYTRIFLUOROMETHYLPHENYLACETIC ACID (BIS-MTPA ESTERS); RHIZOPUS ORYZAE; (R) AND (S) GLYCIDOL ID STEREOSELECTIVE HYDROLYSIS; RESOLUTION; LIPASES AB Symmetrical and stereospecifically defined triglycerides have been prepared from racemic and (R)- and (S)-glycidol, respectively. The synthetic sequence allows the incorporation of sensitive fatty acids such as linolenic acid. Justification for retention of configuration and absence of acyl migrations during the synthesis is provided by the H-1-NMR spectra of triglycerides that are replaced at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions with enantiomers of alpha-methoxytrifluoromethylphenylacetic acid (bis-MTPA esters). Partial hydrolysis of synthetic symmetrical triglycerides catalyzed by the lipase of Rhizopus oryzae was used to demonstrate the homogeneity of these preparations. RP SONNET, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,HIDES LIPIDS & WOOL RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0009-3084 J9 CHEM PHYS LIPIDS JI Chem. Phys. Lipids PD AUG 8 PY 1994 VL 72 IS 2 BP 185 EP 191 DI 10.1016/0009-3084(94)90101-5 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA PJ973 UT WOS:A1994PJ97300008 ER PT J AU RALPH, J HELM, RF FORT, RC ELDER, TJ AF RALPH, J HELM, RF FORT, RC ELDER, TJ TI STEREOSELECTIVITY IN BENZYL 1,2-DIARYL ETHER CLEAVAGE BY BROMOTRIMETHYLSILANE SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-PERKIN TRANSACTIONS 1 LA English DT Article ID MODEL QUINONE METHIDES; ESTER CROSS-LINKS; LIGNIN; THREO; GRASSES; NMR AB Lignin model benzyl 1,2-diaryl ether compounds such as 3- (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-3- (4-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxyphenoxy) propanol are cleaved cleanly and selectively with bromotrimethylsilane, anti-isomers producing anti-bromides with high (ca. 95%) diastereoselectivity, presumably via anchimerically assisted displacement. Bromination of anti lignin model benzyl alcohols proceeds with 85% retention of configuration when other hydroxy groups in the molecule are protected, and ca. 75% retention when they are free. In both ether-cleavages and brominations, syn-isomers show notably lower stereoselectivity with marginal inversion. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT WOOD SCI & FOREST PROD,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. UNIV MAINE,DEPT CHEM,ORONO,ME 04469. AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP RALPH, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. OI Helm, Richard/0000-0001-5317-0925 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0300-922X J9 J CHEM SOC PERK T 1 JI J. Chem. Soc.-Perkin Trans. 1 PD AUG 7 PY 1994 IS 15 BP 2117 EP 2121 DI 10.1039/p19940002117 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA PC005 UT WOS:A1994PC00500016 ER PT J AU EMKEN, EA ADLOF, RO GULLEY, RM AF EMKEN, EA ADLOF, RO GULLEY, RM TI DIETARY LINOLEIC-ACID INFLUENCES DESATURATION AND ACYLATION OF DEUTERIUM-LABELED LINOLEIC AND LINOLENIC ACIDS IN YOUNG-ADULT MALES SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-LIPIDS AND LIPID METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE DESATURATION; DEUTERIUM; ISOTOPE; LINOLEIC ACID; LINOLENIC ACID; (HUMAN) ID N-3 FATTY-ACIDS; CULTURED GLIOMA-CELLS; RAT-LIVER LIPIDS; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; CHAIN ELONGATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; METABOLISM; HUMANS; CONVERSION; DEFICIENCY AB The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary linoleic acid (18:2(n - 6)) on the conversion of 18:2(n - 6) and 18:3(n - 3) to their respective n - 6 and n - 3 metabolites; to compare the incorporation of these fatty acids into human plasma lipids; to evaluate the importance of dietary 18:3(n - 3) as a precursor for the biosynthesis of long-chain length n - 3 fatty acids. The approach used was to feed young adult male subjects (n = 7) diets containing 2 levels of linoleic acid (SAT diet, 15 g/day; PUFA diet, 30 g/day) for 12 days. A mixture of triacylglycerols containing deuterated linolenic (18:3(n - 3)) and linoleic (18:2(n - 6)) acids was fed and blood samples were drawn over a 48 h period. Concentrations of deuterated 18:3(n - 3) in plasma total lipid ranged from 309.2 to 606.4 mu g/ml and concentrations of 18:2(n - 6) ranged from 949.2 to 1743.3 mu g/ml. The sum of the deuterated n - 3 long-chain length fatty acid metabolites in plasma total lipid were 116 +/- 4.3 mu g/ml (SAT diet) and 41.6 +/- 12.4 mu g/ml (PUFA diet). The total deuterated n - 6 fatty acid metabolites were 34.6 +/- 12.2 mu g/ml (SAT diet) and 9.8 +/- 5.9 mu g/ml (PUFA diet). The total percent conversion of deuterated 18:3(n - 3) to n - 3 fatty acid metabolites and deuterated 18:2(n - 6) to n - 6 fatty acid metabolites were 11-18.5% and 1.0-2.2%, respectively. The percentages for deuterated 20:5(n - 3), 22:5(n - 3) and 22:6(n - 3) (6.0%, 3.5%, and 3.8%) were much higher than for 20:3(n - 6) and 20:4(n - 6) (0.9% and 0.5%). Overall, conversion of deuterated 18:3(n - 3) and 18:2(n - 6) was reduced by 40-54% when dietary intake of 18:2(n - 6) was increased from 15 to 30 g/day. Comparison of the deuterated 18:3(n - 3) and 18:2(n - 6) data for plasma triacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine (PC) indicated that 18:2(n - 6) was preferentially incorporated into PC. Dietary 18:2(n - 6) intake did not alter acyltransferase selectivity but activity was reduced when 18:2(n - 6) intake was increased. Based on these results, conversion of the 18:3(n - 3) in the US diet (2 g) is estimated to provide 75-85% of the long-chain length n - 3 fatty acids needed to meet daily requirements for some (but not all) adults. C1 ST FRANCIS MED CTR,PEORIA,IL 61637. RP EMKEN, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 56 TC 286 Z9 295 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2760 J9 BBA-LIPID LIPID MET JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Lipids Lipid Metab. PD AUG 4 PY 1994 VL 1213 IS 3 BP 277 EP 288 DI 10.1016/0005-2760(94)00054-9 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA PB435 UT WOS:A1994PB43500003 PM 7914092 ER PT J AU HAYES, TK HOLMAN, GM PANNABECKER, TL WRIGHT, MS STREY, AA NACHMAN, RJ HOEL, DF OLSON, JK BEYENBACH, KW AF HAYES, TK HOLMAN, GM PANNABECKER, TL WRIGHT, MS STREY, AA NACHMAN, RJ HOEL, DF OLSON, JK BEYENBACH, KW TI CULEKININ DEPOLARIZING PEPTIDE - A MOSQUITO LEUCOKININ-LIKE PEPTIDE THAT INFLUENCES INSECT MALPIGHIAN TUBULE ION-TRANSPORT SO REGULATORY PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE PEPTIDE IDENTIFICATION; MYOTROPINS; DIURETIC PEPTIDE; MALPIGHIAN TUBULE; HINDGUT; ION TRANSPORT ID LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; ACHETA-DOMESTICUS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; FAMILY; NEUROPEPTIDES; DIURESIS; MEMBERS; HORMONE AB A peptide termed culekinin depolarizing peptide (CDP) was isolated from approximately 1.2 million mosquitos (94% Culex salinarius). The peptide was isolated on the basis of a rapid myotropic assay that utilized a hindgut preparation from Leucophaea maderae and a transepithelial voltage assay that used mosquito Malpighian tubules from Aedes aegypti. A 15% trifluoroacetic acid extraction from the mosquitos, two solid phase extraction steps, and six HPLC steps resulted in the isolation of 9.7 nmol of CDP. This value corresponds to approximately 8 fmol/mosquito. Edman degradation indicated the following sequence for CDP: Asn-Pro-Phe-His-Ser-Trp-Gly-NH,. The sequence was confirmed as the suspected C-terminal amide form of the peptide, since native and synthetic CDP had identical chemical and biological properties. CDP is a member of the leucokinin family of neuropeptides. The leucokinins have been found in three other insect species (Leucophaea maderae, Acheta domesticus and Locusta migratoria) where these peptides were isolated by their myotropic properties alone. CDP shares a C-terminal sequence homology (i.e., Phe-X-Ser-Trp-Gly-NH,) with the rest of the leucokinins. CDP corresponds to the strongest tubule depolarizing activity in the C. salinarius extract. These findings agree with previous structure-activity studies that suggest that mosquitos would contain a leucokinin-like factor that had Phe-His-Ser-Trp-Gly-NH, as the C-terminal pentapeptide. This is the first leucokinin isolated from blood Feeding or holometabolous insects. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,INST BIOSCI & TECHNOL,BIOTECHNOL SUPPORT LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,AGR RES SERV,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. CORNELL UNIV,PHYSIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP HAYES, TK (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,INVERTEBRATE NEUROENDOCRINE RES LABS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. OI Pannabecker, Thomas/0000-0002-3097-4856 NR 22 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-0115 J9 REGUL PEPTIDES JI Regul. Pept. PD AUG 4 PY 1994 VL 52 IS 3 BP 235 EP 248 DI 10.1016/0167-0115(94)90058-2 PG 14 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA PC317 UT WOS:A1994PC31700010 PM 7800855 ER PT J AU SCHUSCHKE, DA SAARI, JT MILLER, FN AF SCHUSCHKE, DA SAARI, JT MILLER, FN TI THE ROLE OF THE MAST-CELL IN ACUTE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES OF COPPER-DEFICIENT RATS SO AGENTS AND ACTIONS LA English DT Article DE COPPER DEFICIENCY; INFLAMMATION; MAST CELLS; COMPOUND 48/80; HISTAMINE ID MICROCIRCULATION; LEAKAGE; PROTEIN; IRON AB Macromolecular leakage associated with mast cell degranulation was studied in the cremaster muscle microcirculation of copper-deficient rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a purified diet either adequate for copper (6 mu g copper/gram diet) or deficient (no added copper) 4 weeks prior to experimentation. The rats were anesthetized and the cremasters (with nerve and blood supply intact) were spread in a tissue bath filled with Kreb's solution. In vivo television microscopy was used to observe the microcirculation. Intravascular fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated to bovine serum albumin was injected and interstitial fluorescent emission intensity was used as an index of macromolecular leakage. Topical administration of the mast cell degranulator compound 48/80 (1.0 and 10.0 mu g/ml) induced a significantly greater macromolecular leakage in the copper-deficient animals. The compound 48/80 leakage was blocked in both groups of rats by pretreatment with diphenhydramine which is a histamine H-1 receptor blocker. Topical administration of the inflammatory mediators histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin all induced macromolecular leakage which was not significantly different between groups. These results suggest that copper deficiency increases macromolecular leakage associated with mast cell degranulation by a primary effect on the mast cell rather than on the endothelium. C1 UNIV LOUISVILLE,CTR APPL MICROCIRCULATORY RES,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292. USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. RP SCHUSCHKE, DA (reprint author), UNIV LOUISVILLE,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292, USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0065-4299 J9 AGENTS ACTIONS JI Agents Actions PD AUG PY 1994 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1007/BF02014294 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA PE662 UT WOS:A1994PE66200006 PM 7847179 ER PT J AU MAKUS, DJ TIWARI, SC PEARSON, HA HAYWOOD, JD TIARKS, AE AF MAKUS, DJ TIWARI, SC PEARSON, HA HAYWOOD, JD TIARKS, AE TI OKRA PRODUCTION WITH PINE STRAW MULCH SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE AGROFORESTRY; LOBLOLLY PINE; LONGLEAF PINE; HIBISCUS ESCULENTUS; GUMBO; SOIL ACIDIFICATION AB Conventional planted okra in Booneville, Arkansas and Lorman, Mississippi were mulched with loblolly pine straw (Pinus taeda L.) and longleaf pine straw (P. palustris Mill.), respectively, at a rate of 11 t/ha or left bare. At Booneville, plant stand, season yields (18.6 t/ha), pod weight (16.3 g), plant dry weight (2.3 kg), or stem diameter (3.5 cm) were not affected by the loblolly pine mulch. However, mulch application increased pod number (1.22 vs. 1.06 x 10(6)/ha) and plant height (1.5 vs. 1.6 m), while reducing weed competition (0.05 vs. 0.40 t/ha) and visible plant stress, during periods of soil moisture deficits. Soil temperatures at 5 and 15 cm depth were reduced by mulch until mid-August when plant canopies covered the rows. Seasonal moisture at 30 and 45 cm depths was similar between mulched and bare soils, based upon unreplicated neutron probe measurements. At Lorman, season okra yield (29.8 vs. 24.6 t/ha), number of pods per ha (1.24 vs. 1.07 x 10(6)) and weed competition were reduced and soil pH lowered 0.56 units by longleaf pine straw mulch. Mulch reduced early season yield at both locations. RP MAKUS, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,CPSR,2413 E HWY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 27 IS 2 BP 121 EP 127 DI 10.1007/BF00705469 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA PX013 UT WOS:A1994PX01300003 ER PT J AU ORAZEM, PF MIRANOWSKI, JA AF ORAZEM, PF MIRANOWSKI, JA TI A DYNAMIC-MODEL OF ACREAGE ALLOCATION WITH GENERAL AND CROP-SPECIFIC SOIL CAPITAL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE ACREAGE ALLOCATION; PRICE EXPECTATIONS; SOIL CAPITAL; SUPPLY ELASTICITIES ID PROGRAMS; CORN AB We develop an empirically tractable model of acreage allocation decisions in which farmers consider impacts of current crop production on future soil productivity. Because of the soil productivity effects, future crop prices are shown to affect current acreage allocations. Government programs which alter farmers' expectations of future crop prices relative to current prices also alter farmers' consideration of soil productivity effects of current acreage allocations. Reduced form and structural versions of our model are shown to yield reasonable parameter estimates. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,RESOURCES & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP ORAZEM, PF (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Orazem, Peter/D-6525-2016 OI Orazem, Peter/0000-0003-2092-5089 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 76 IS 3 BP 385 EP 395 DI 10.2307/1243651 PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA PB301 UT WOS:A1994PB30100004 ER PT J AU LARSON, BA ANDERSON, M AF LARSON, BA ANDERSON, M TI TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER, LICENSING CONTRACTS, AND INCENTIVES FOR FURTHER INNOVATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE LICENSING AGREEMENTS; RISK SHARING; TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ID R-AND-D; IMPORTED TECHNOLOGIES; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; MORAL HAZARD AB Technology licensing is common in agricultural and natural resource sectors. An important characteristic of technology licenses is that they provide incentives for further innovation on the part of the buyer. This paper develops a risk sharing model to analyze how risk preferences and expectations about further innovation possibilities alter technology payments and the incentives for complementary local innovation. Higher buyer risk aversion, which is associated with lower fixed payments, reduces the technology buyer's level of innovation. Sellers are generally better off when innovation is anticipated, but buyers are generally better off when innovation is unanticipated, although less innovation may be realized. RP LARSON, BA (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 76 IS 3 BP 547 EP 556 DI 10.2307/1243665 PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA PB301 UT WOS:A1994PB30100018 ER PT J AU VARIYAM, JN KRAYBILL, DS AF VARIYAM, JN KRAYBILL, DS TI MANAGERIAL INPUTS AND THE GROWTH OF RURAL SMALL FIRMS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES; GIBRATS LAW; HUMAN CAPITAL; OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE; SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT ID SIZE AB Growth of rural small firms is influenced by education and work effort of owner or manager, and by degree of technology adoption and planning. Results are based on analysis of data from a small business survey in twenty-five rural Georgia counties. Employment growth in a sample of manufacturing, sales, and service firms is examined. Independent firms, sole proprietorships, and firms owned by women are found to have significantly lower-than-average growth rates. The study confirms earlier findings that firm growth is negatively related to firm size and age. Implications for small business assistance programs are discussed. C1 UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT AGR & APPL ECON, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. OHIO STATE UNIV, DEPT AGR ECON & RURAL SOCIOL, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. RP VARIYAM, JN (reprint author), USDA, ECON RES SERV, DIV COMMOD ECON, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 EI 1467-8276 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 76 IS 3 BP 568 EP 575 DI 10.2307/1243667 PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA PB301 UT WOS:A1994PB30100020 ER PT J AU LIEFERT, WM AF LIEFERT, WM TI ECONOMIC-REFORM AND COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE IN AGRICULTURE IN THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB In this paper, I examine whether the Newly Independent States (NIS) of the former Soviet Union (FSU) could have a comparative advantage in agriculture after successful economic reform. The analysis has two steps. First, using empirical estimates, I examine comparative production costs of the FSU's main imported goods in the 1980s. Second, I discuss how reform could change the goods' relative productivity and costs, thereby altering the structure of profitable agricultural trade. Analysis and estimates are for the aggregate FSU vis-a-vis the world market. Because of data limitations, estimates of FSU production costs are rough. Also, forecasts of reform-induced changes in relative productivity and costs must to a large degree be speculative. One therefore should be content with defensible conclusions about reform's effects on the direction of trade, rather than with precise estimates. Cost estimates suggest that, in the 1980s, the FSU had a greater comparative disadvantage vis-a-vis the West in grain and meat production than in machinery and equipment (hereafter called machinery). Within agriculture, comparative disadvantage was greater in meat than in grain. Effective reform would raise productivity in all sectors of the NIS economies. Productivity growth in machinery or other industrial sectors might equal or exceed that in agriculture. Thus. despite large productivity increases in agriculture, the NIS could retain a comparative disadvantage in certain major agricultural products, and thereby remain an importer. Imports could rise for soybeans and soybean meal. Grain imports, though, probably would fall. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP LIEFERT, WM (reprint author), ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV,DIRECTORATE FOOD AGR & FISHERIES,PARIS,FRANCE. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 76 IS 3 BP 636 EP 640 DI 10.2307/1243680 PG 5 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA PB301 UT WOS:A1994PB30100033 ER PT J AU COLLENDER, RN AF COLLENDER, RN TI FUTURE-DIRECTIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL BANKING EFFICIENCY RESEARCH - DISCUSSION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Discussion AB This paper outlines areas for future research in agricultural banking efficiency. The discussion is structured as follows. First, I briefly discuss the motivations for financial institution efficiency research. Next, I discuss some general concerns I have with much of the financial services efficiency research to date, including the papers presented. Third, I turn attention to the specific area of financial services to agriculture. Both the motivations and specific observations concerning financial services to agriculture and rural areas suggest a policy-oriented research agenda. My general concerns about financial efficiency research suggest theoretical, empirical, and methodological issues, the resolution of which may enhance confidence in research findings. I conclude with a discussion of how agricultural economists can contribute to this research agenda. RP COLLENDER, RN (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 76 IS 3 BP 669 EP 671 DI 10.2307/1243687 PG 3 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA PB301 UT WOS:A1994PB30100040 ER PT J AU LANDES, MR LEVIN, CE AF LANDES, MR LEVIN, CE TI THE NEW ECONOMICS OF INDIA GREEN-REVOLUTION - SHARMA,R, POLEMAN,T SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review RP LANDES, MR (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 76 IS 3 BP 685 EP 686 DI 10.2307/1243695 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA PB301 UT WOS:A1994PB30100048 ER PT J AU PALMER, RG MINOR, VCM AF PALMER, RG MINOR, VCM TI NUCLEAR-CYTOPLASMIC INTERACTION IN CHLOROPHYLL-DEFICIENT SOYBEAN, GLYCINE-MAX (FABACEAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID PEA-LEAF MITOCHONDRIA; MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE; GENUS GLYCINE; SUBGENUS SOJA; MUTANTS; LETHALITY; NUCLEAR; INHERITANCE; GENETICS; CULTURE AB In higher plants, plastids and mitochondria are the predominant carriers of extrachromosomal genetic information. There is interplay between the plastids, the mitochondria, and the nuclear genome. In soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., both nuclearly and maternally inherited chlorophyll-deficient mutants have been described. Conditional lethality previously was reported in soybean when maternally inherited chlorophyll-deficient mutant (Genetic Type T275) was crossed with nuclearly inherited yellow foliar malate dehydrogenase null mutants (Genetic Types T253 and T323). Our objective was to test for conditional lethality when maternally inherited yellow foliar mutants T278, T314, T315, T316, T319, and T320 were female parents and nuclearly inherited yellow foliar malate dehydrogenase null mutants T253 and T323 were male parents. Our results indicated conditional lethality in the F-2 generation when any of the six cytoplasmically inherited yellow foliar mutants were female parents and either T253 or T323 were male parents. The physiological nature of conditional lethality is not known. Data indicate a common basis in soybean for conditional lethality among the cytoplasmically inherited yellow foliar mutants when crossed with the nuclearly inherited yellow foliar malate dehydrogenase null mutants. No interactions were observed between cytoplasmically inherited or nuclearly inherited green seed embryo mutants as female parents and either T253 or T323 as male parents. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL GENET,AMES,IA 50011. RP PALMER, RG (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS FCR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 81 IS 8 BP 997 EP 1003 DI 10.2307/2445293 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PC273 UT WOS:A1994PC27300008 ER PT J AU SANDERSON, SC STUTZ, HC AF SANDERSON, SC STUTZ, HC TI HIGH CHROMOSOME-NUMBERS IN MOJAVEAN AND SONORAN DESERT ATRIPLEX-CANESCENS (CHENOPODIACEAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID CONFERTIFOLIA AB Cytological, Flavonoid, and morphological data are provided for several varieties of the shrubby species Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. (x = 9) (fourwing saltbush) in the Mojavean and Sonoran deserts of southwestern United States and northern Mexico. These include var. linearis (S. Wats.) Munz (2x); var. angustifolia (Torr.) S. Wats. (2x, 4x); var. occidentalis (Torr. and Frem.) Welsh & Stutz (4x, 6x), the common variety; var. laciniata Parish (12x); and var. macilenta Jeps. (12x). Atriplex canescens var. grandidentatum Stutz and Sanderson (20x) is newly described. An autoploid origin from 12x var. laciniata is suggested for the 14x and 20x polyploids, through unreduced gametes. Founder populations of odd-ploid products arising during such a sequence of events could probably have returned to even-ploidy through genetic segregation and the rapid elimination of aneuploids. Morphological characters suggest an origin for 12x var. laciniata by interspecific hybridization of var. occidentalis with A. polycarpa (Torr.) S. Wats. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,SHRUB SCI LAB,PROVO,UT 84606. RP SANDERSON, SC (reprint author), BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,DEPT BOT & RANGE SCI,PROVO,UT 84602, USA. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1045 EP 1053 DI 10.2307/2445299 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PC273 UT WOS:A1994PC27300014 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, WW CRIM, MC YOUNG, VR EVANS, WJ AF CAMPBELL, WW CRIM, MC YOUNG, VR EVANS, WJ TI INCREASED ENERGY-REQUIREMENTS AND CHANGES IN BODY-COMPOSITION WITH RESISTANCE TRAINING IN OLDER ADULTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE AGE; ELDERLY PEOPLE; PROTEIN; STRENGTH TRAINING; RESTING METABOLIC RATE; HORMONES; STRENGTH ID RESTING METABOLIC-RATE; MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY; PROTEIN-TURNOVER; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; DISEASE RISK; ELDERLY MEN; STRENGTH; WOMEN; EXERCISE; AGE AB Body composition and the components of energy metabolism were examined in 12 men and women, aged 56-80 y, before and after 12 wk of resistance training. Subjects were randomly assigned to groups that consumed diets that providing either 0.8 or 1.6 g protein.kg(-1).d(-1) and adequate total energy to maintain baseline body weight. Fat mass decreased 1.8 +/- 0.4 kg (P < 0.001) and fat-free mass (FFM) increased 1.4 +/- 0.4 kg (P < 0.01) in these weight-stable subjects. The increase in FFM was associated with a 1.6 +/- 0.4 kg increase in total body water (P < 0.01) but no significant change in either protein plus mineral mass or body cell mass. With resistance training, the mean energy intake required for body weight maintenance increased by approximate to 15%. Increased energy expenditure included increased resting metabolic rate (P < 0.02) and the energy cost of resistance exercise. Dietary protein intake did not influence these results. Resistance training is an effective way to increase energy requirements, decrease body-fat mass, and maintain metabolically active tissue mass in healthy older people and may be useful as an adjunct to weight-control programs for older adults. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,NOLL PHYSIOL RES CTR,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,HUMAN PHYSIOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. MIT,HUMAN NUTR LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG11811-01] NR 39 TC 193 Z9 198 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 60 IS 2 BP 167 EP 175 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA NY101 UT WOS:A1994NY10100004 PM 8030593 ER PT J AU HALLFRISCH, J MULLER, DC SINGH, VN AF HALLFRISCH, J MULLER, DC SINGH, VN TI VITAMIN-A AND VITAMIN-E INTAKES AND PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS OF RETINOL, BETA-CAROTENE, AND ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL IN MEN AND WOMEN OF THE BALTIMORE LONGITUDINAL-STUDY OF AGING SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE RETINOL; CAROTENE; TOCOPHEROL; ANTIOXIDANTS; AGING; VITAMIN INTAKE ID HEALTHY ELDERLY POPULATION; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; A SUPPLEMENTATION; BINDING-PROTEIN; SERUM RETINOL; CANCER; RISK; CATARACT; DIETARY; ESTERS AB Antioxidants have been linked to protection against degenerative diseases associated with aging. Plasma concentrations were determined for and 7-d diet records collected from 200 women and 231 men aged 20-95 y who took part in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Men consumed more vitamin A from animal and less from vegetable sources than did women. These sex differences are reflected in plasma concentrations of retinol and beta-carotene. About 20% of subjects had vitamin A intakes less than recommended dietary allowances; however, no men and only two women had marginal plasma retinol (< 0.35 mu mol/L) concentrations. Older people had higher plasma alpha-tocopherol, which correlated with total intake. Forty-two men and 35 women had plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations that were considered marginal. Sex differences in sources of dietary and plasma vitamin A may have consequences in relation to aging and longevity. Apparent marginal intakes and plasma concentrations of vitamin E need to be further examined to determine effects on health status. C1 NIA,GERONTOL RES CTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21224. HOFFMANN LA ROCHE INC,NUTLEY,NJ 07110. RP HALLFRISCH, J (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BLDG 307,ROOM 323,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 48 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 60 IS 2 BP 176 EP 182 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA NY101 UT WOS:A1994NY10100005 PM 8030594 ER PT J AU YONG, LC FORMAN, MR BEECHER, GR GRAUBARD, BI CAMPBELL, WS REICHMANN, ME TAYLOR, PR LANZA, E HOLDEN, JM JUDD, JT AF YONG, LC FORMAN, MR BEECHER, GR GRAUBARD, BI CAMPBELL, WS REICHMANN, ME TAYLOR, PR LANZA, E HOLDEN, JM JUDD, JT TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIETARY-INTAKE AND PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS OF CAROTENOIDS IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN - APPLICATION OF THE USDA NCI CAROTENOID FOOD-COMPOSITION DATABASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CAROTENOIDS; DIETARY ASSESSMENT; PLASMA ID ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL LEVELS; SERUM BETA-CAROTENE; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; VITAMIN-E; FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; CANCER; RETINOL; RISK; VEGETABLES AB The diet-plasma relationships for carotenoids were examined in a group of 98 nonsmoking premenopausal women who participated in the cross-sectional phase of the National Cancel Institute (NCI)-US Department of Agriculture (USDA) diet study on alcohol-hormone metabolism, 1988-90. With use of the newly developed USDA-NCI carotenoid food-composition database, the mean daily intakes of carotenoids were significantly higher when estimated from the food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) than from the 7-d diet records. Lycopene (($) over bar x = 0.58 mmol/L), lutein plus zeaxanthin (($) over bar x = 0.46 mmol/L), and beta-carotene (($) over bar x = 0.34 mmol/L) were the major plasma carotenoids. After adjustment for body mass index, energy and alcohol intakes, and total plasma cholesterol concentration, the following significant correlations (P < 0.05) were observed between the diet record and the FFQ-estimated carotenoid intakes and their respective plasma concentrations: alpha-carotene (r = 0.58 vs 0.49), beta-carotene (r = 0.51 vs 0.49), beta-cryptoxanthin (r = 0.49 vs 0.36). lutein plus zeaxanthin (r = 0.31 vs 0.37), lycopene (r = 0.50 vs 0.26), and total carotenoids (r = 0.57 vs 0.49). These data indicate that plasma carotenoid concentrations are reflective of dietary intake, but the magnitude of the con elation varies depending on the specific carotenoid and on the dietary assessment tool. C1 NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,BIOMETRY BRANCH,ROCKVILLE,MD. USDA,CTR AGR RES SERV,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP YONG, LC (reprint author), NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,CANC PREVENT STUDIES BRANCH,EPN 211,ROCKVILLE,MD 20892, USA. NR 45 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 60 IS 2 BP 223 EP 230 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA NY101 UT WOS:A1994NY10100012 PM 8030600 ER PT J AU KLEVAY, LM AF KLEVAY, LM TI SOY PROTEIN MAY AFFECT PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL THROUGH COPPER SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter ID DEFICIENT RATS; ACYLTRANSFERASE; LECITHIN; MEN RP KLEVAY, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NO PLAINS AREA,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 60 IS 2 BP 300 EP 301 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA NY101 UT WOS:A1994NY10100026 PM 8030612 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, TJ AZAIN, MJ HAUSMAN, GJ MARTIN, RJ AF ROBERTS, TJ AZAIN, MJ HAUSMAN, GJ MARTIN, RJ TI INTERACTION OF INSULIN AND SOMATOTROPIN ON BODY-WEIGHT GAIN, FEED-INTAKE, AND BODY-COMPOSITION IN RATS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ADIPOSE; NUTRIENT PARTITIONING; ENERGETIC EFFICIENCY ID GROWTH FACTOR-I; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; LIPID-METABOLISM; HORMONE; STIMULATION; PERFORMANCE; INJECTIONS; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; PITUITARY AB This study investigated the interaction of insulin and somatotropin on body weight gain and feed conversion in rats. Female rats (initial wt 215 g) were assigned to one of the following four treatments for a 2-wk period: 1) control; 2) 40 U protamine zinc insulin.kg(-1)day(-1); 3) 2 mg/day somatotropin; 4) insulin + somatotropin. Relative to the control group (gain, 1.4 g/day; intake, 16.7 g/day) insulin stimulated the rate of gain (250%), feed intake (73%), and fat pad weight (215%). Insulin caused a 270% increase in carcass fat and a 30% increase in carcass protein. Somatotropin also increased gain (178% but did not have a significant effect on intake or fat pad weight. Somatotropin increased carcass protein 28% but had no effect an carcass fat. The greatest stimulation of body weight gain (392%) was observed with the insulin plus somatotropin combination treatment, indicating an additive effect. There were also additive effects on protein accretion and organ weights. However, feed intake and carcass fat in the combination group were intermediate between that of the control and insulin alone groups, indicating that somatotropin attenuated the ability of insulin to stimulate these parameters. These results indicate that certain effects of insulin and somatotropin, such as the promotion of lean tissue accretion, are additive, whereas other effects, such as those associated with Lipid metabolism, oppose each other. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD & NUTR,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0002-9513 J9 AM J PHYSIOL JI Am. J. Physiol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 267 IS 2 BP E293 EP E299 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA PC439 UT WOS:A1994PC43900052 PM 8074210 ER PT J AU DWYER, JT MADANS, JH TURNBULL, B CORNONIHUNTLEY, J DRESSER, C EVERETT, DF PERRONE, RD AF DWYER, JT MADANS, JH TURNBULL, B CORNONIHUNTLEY, J DRESSER, C EVERETT, DF PERRONE, RD TI DIET, INDICATORS OF KIDNEY-DISEASE, AND LATER MORTALITY AMONG OLDER PERSONS IN THE NHANES-I EPIDEMIOLOGIC FOLLOW-UP-STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RENAL-INSUFFICIENCY; PROTEIN RESTRICTION; PROGRESSION AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine whether diet adversely affected survival among 2572 older persons with indicators of kidney disease in a population-based cohort. Average follow-up time for survivors, of whom 1453 (57%) had died at analysis, was 14.5 years. Methods. Kidney disease indicators were a ''yes'' response to ''Has a doctor ever told you that you have kidney disease or renal stones?'' and/or trace or greater amounts of protein in urine. Dietary protein intakes were calculated from 24-hour recalls. Results. Cox proportional hazards models were used, stratified by sex, with age, body mass index, blood pressure, education, smoking status, total caloric intake, and diabetes mellitus as covariates. Relative risk of total mortality with an additional 15 g of protein per day was 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09, 1.42) among White men with kidney disease indicators, vs 1.00 (95% CI = 0.95, 1.06) among those without them; relative risks of renal-related mortality were 1.32 (95% CI = 0.97, 1.79) and 0.95 (95% CI = 0.81, 1.11), respectively. No significant differences were found for White women. Conclusions, Once chronic renal disease is present, diet may be associated with earlier mortality in White males. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV ANAL,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NIA,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NCI,PUBL HLTH APPL RES BRANCH,ROCKVILLE,MD. NEI,COLLABORAT CLIN RES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP DWYER, JT (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,FRANCES STERN NUTR CTR,DIV NEPHROL,BOX 783,750 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1994 VL 84 IS 8 BP 1299 EP 1303 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.8.1299 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PC266 UT WOS:A1994PC26600018 PM 8059889 ER PT J AU BHATHENA, SJ CANARY, JJ SMITH, PM GLEN, ML GANNON, CA KENNEDY, BW WERMAN, MJ AF BHATHENA, SJ CANARY, JJ SMITH, PM GLEN, ML GANNON, CA KENNEDY, BW WERMAN, MJ TI OPIOID-PEPTIDES, ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE, AND IDIOPATHIC (ORTHOSTATIC) EDEMA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE IDIOPATHIC (ORTHOSTATIC) EDEMA; D-AMPHETAMINE; BETA-ENDORPHIN; MET- AND LEU-ENKEPHALIN; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE ID BETA-ENDORPHIN; ENKEPHALIN; STIMULATION; AMPHETAMINE; DOPAMINE; PLASMA; ANALOG AB The effect of dextroamphetamine sulfate (Dexedrine) on plasma opioid peptides, hormones, and other metabolites was studied in eight female subjects with idiopathic (orthostatic) edema and five healthy females. All subjects were given 20 mg of dextroamphetamine sulfate, a drug widely used in the treatment of this disorder, and blood samples were collected before and 30, 60, and 90 minutes after treatment. Patients with idiopathic (orthostatic) edema had significantly lower plasma sodium levels but higher blood urea nitrogen, aldosterone, and renin levels. D-amphetamine decreased aldosterone and renin levels in both groups. Plasma adrenocorticotropin levels were lower whereas met-enkephalin levels were higher in idiopathic (orthostatic) edema subjects compared to control subjects. D-amphetamine had no significant effect on plasma beta-endorphin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, or enkephalins. Our data indicate that opioid peptides, especially enkephalins, and adrenocorticotrophic hormone may be involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic (orthostatic) edema syndrome, but they seem uninvolved in the aldosterone- and renin-lowering action of amphetamine. It is possible that amphetamine is acting further down the chain, either directly on the adrenal and kidney or the microvasculature, rather than at hypothalamus-pituitary axis. C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. RP BHATHENA, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,METAB & NUTRIENT INTERACT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0002-9629 J9 AM J MED SCI JI Am. J. Med. Sci. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 308 IS 2 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.1097/00000441-199408000-00015 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PA658 UT WOS:A1994PA65800015 PM 8042656 ER PT J AU FRANK, GH BRIGGS, RE LOAN, RW PURDY, CW ZEHR, ES AF FRANK, GH BRIGGS, RE LOAN, RW PURDY, CW ZEHR, ES TI SEROTYPE-SPECIFIC INHIBITION OF COLONIZATION OF THE TONSILS AND NASOPHARYNX OF CALVES AFTER PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA SEROTYPE A1 AFTER VACCINATION WITH THE ORGANISM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; CATTLE AB Vaccination of cattle with a tissue culture-derived Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 vaccine elicited a serotype-specific inhibition of nasal and tonsillar colonization by the homologous serotype under field conditions. Calves (n = 101) originated from a single farm, where half the calves were vaccinated. The calves were delivered to an order-buyer barn 105 days later, and given a second dose of vaccine. At the order-buyer barn, calves were mixed with 27 calves, some of which had clinical signs consistent with respiratory tract disease. Also 12 of the original calves were infected with P haemolytica serotype 1 by tonsillar instillation. After 6 days at the order-buyer barn, calves were shipped 1,600 km by truck to a feedyard, and arrived the next day. Tonsillar wash and nasal secretion aspiration specimens were collected for culture of P haemolytica on days 1, 8, and 29 at the feedyard. Inhibition of colonization was evidenced by lower frequency of isolations from the vaccinates than from the nonvaccinates after transport to the feedyard. Selectively lowering the frequency of colonization by P haemolytica serotype 1 could reduce losses attributable to pneumonic pasteurellosis. C1 USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL VET MED,TEXAS VET MED CTR,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP FRANK, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 55 IS 8 BP 1107 EP 1110 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PA150 UT WOS:A1994PA15000010 PM 7978650 ER PT J AU LULAI, EC ORR, PH AF LULAI, EC ORR, PH TI TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTING AND MEASURING DEVELOPMENTAL AND MATURATIONAL CHANGES IN TUBER NATIVE PERIDERM SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE PERIDERM MATURATION; VAPOR CONDUCTANCE; SUBERIN; PHELLEM ID POTATO; SUBERIN AB We developed a technique to quantitate native periderm permeability during tuber growth and maturation by porometrically determining vapor conductances. We also describe a simple, inexpensive means of determining the corresponding weight per unit area of suberized phellem cells (skin) in native periderm during tuber growth and maturation as a means of assessing the developmental status of native periderm. The porometric technique is very sensitive and rapid. Porometrically derived vapor conductances of mature native periderms were measured without difficulty, and native periderms were found to release approximately 0.005 moles of water vapor/meter2 native periderm surface/sec. into a dry test atmosphere. Immature native periderm released up to 28 times more water vapor than mature periderm even though the phellem cells were histochemically determined to possess both major components of suberin. We demonstrated use of the porometric technique by determining maturational changes in periderm permeability of growing/immature tubers and mature tubers at harvest. The technique revealed that the native periderm of Russet Burbank tubers was more permeable and had the potential to lose more water vapor, until becoming permeably mature, than Norchip or Norland tubers harvested on the same dates. The dry weight of the skin (phellem tissue) of native periderm (mg/cm2) for all three cultivars increased during tuber growth, but plateaued to a relatively constant level, or slightly declined, while plants were still alive during the latter period of tuber growth. During this period, periderm vapor conductances were undergoing substantial declines. Comparison of skin dry weights of immature tubers indicated that stem end regions of tubers were developmentally ahead of equatorial and bud end regions; this difference decreased as the tubers matured at harvest time and was less apparent with some cultivars. RP LULAI, EC (reprint author), USDA ARS,RED RIVER VALLEY POTATO RES LAB,E GRAND FORKS,MN 56721, USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 71 IS 8 BP 489 EP 505 DI 10.1007/BF02851322 PG 17 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PD598 UT WOS:A1994PD59800001 ER PT J AU COUPERWHITE, S STONE, RT ARCHIBALD, AL AF COUPERWHITE, S STONE, RT ARCHIBALD, AL TI A PSTI RFLP AT THE PORCINE OROSOMUCOID LOCUS (ORM) SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Note C1 ROSLIN INST,ROSLIN EH25 9PS,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 25 IS 4 BP 285 EP 285 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA PL796 UT WOS:A1994PL79600014 PM 7985847 ER PT J AU JANISIEWICZ, WJ AF JANISIEWICZ, WJ TI ENHANCEMENT OF BIOCONTROL OF BLUE MOLD WITH THE NUTRIENT ANALOG 2-DEOXY-D-GLUCOSE ON APPLES AND PEARS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSTHARVEST BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; DISEASES; VEGETABLES; RESISTANT; MUTANTS; FRUITS AB The glucose analog, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DOG) enhanced biocontrol of blue mold (caused by Penicillium expansum), the most important postharvest disease of apples and pears. 2-DOG strongly inhibited P. expansum, and of the two antagonists investigated, Pseudomonas syringae was resistant to 2-DOG at 10 mg/ml whereas Sporobolomyces roseus was susceptible. A mutant of S. roseus resistant to 2-DOG was developed. Addition of 2-DOG at 4 mg/ml allowed more than a 10-fold reduction in the concentration of the antagonists applied to fruits without diminishing control. This effect was still apparent at an inoculum of 5 x 10(4) conidia of P. expansum per ml, which greatly exceeds concentrations found under normal commercial conditions. The effect of 2-DOG on biocontrol was stronger on apples than on pears. 2-DOG had no effect on populations of the antagonists, which increased greatly in wounds on apples and pears. The reduction in the concentration of the antagonists needed for control may improve the reliability and economy of the biocontrol system and may have a significant impact on commercialization of this new technology. RP JANISIEWICZ, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 31 TC 51 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 60 IS 8 BP 2671 EP 2676 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA NZ703 UT WOS:A1994NZ70300001 PM 16349342 ER PT J AU SMITH, MR ZAHNLEY, J GOODMAN, N AF SMITH, MR ZAHNLEY, J GOODMAN, N TI GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE MUTANTS OF LEUCONOSTOC MASENTEROIDES NRRL B-1355 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESENTEROIDES B-512FM DEXTRANSUCRASE; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; CONTINUOUS CULTURE; PURIFICATION; ALTERNANSUCRASE; METHYLATION AB Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL, B-1355 produces dextrans and alternan from sucrose. Alternan is an unusual dextran-like polymer containing alternating (alpha(1-->6)/alpha(1-->3) glucosidic bonds. Cultures were mutagenized with UV and ethyl methanesulfonate, and colony morphology mutants were selected on 10% sucrose plates. Colony morphology variants exhibited changes from parent cultures in the production of one or more glucosyltransferases (GTFs) and glucans. Mutants were characterized by measuring resistance of glucan products to dextranase digestion, by electrophoresis, and by high-pressure liquid chromatography of maltose acceptor products generated from sucrose-maltose mixtures. Some mutants produced almost pure fraction L dextran, and cultures exhibited a single principal GTF band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gels. Other mutants produced glucans enriched for alternan. Colony morphology characteristics (size, smoothness, and opacity) and liquid culture properties (clumpiness, color, and viscosity in 10% sucrose medium) were explained on the basis of GTF production. Three principal GTF bands were detected. RP SMITH, MR (reprint author), USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 29 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 60 IS 8 BP 2723 EP 2731 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA NZ703 UT WOS:A1994NZ70300009 PM 16349346 ER PT J AU FAYER, R AF FAYER, R TI EFFECT OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE ON INFECTIVITY OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS IN WATER SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICE AB Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts suspended in 0.5 mi of distilled water were pipetted into plastic vials which h were inserted into wells in the heated metal block of a thermal DNA cycler. Block temperatures were set at 5 degrees C incremental temperatures from 60 to 100 degrees C. At each temperature setting four vials containing C., parvum oocysts were placed into wells and held for 15 s before time nas recorded as zero, and then pairs of vials were removed 1 and 5 min later. Upon removal, all vials were immediately cooled on crushed ice. Also, at each temperature interval one vial containing 0.5 ml of distilled water was placed in a well and a digital thermometer was used to record the actual water temperature at 30-s intervals. Heated oocyst suspensions as well as unheated control suspensions were orally inoculated by gavage into 7- to 10-day-old BALB/c mouse pups to test for infectivity. At 96 h after inoculation the ileum, cecum, and colon from each mouse were removed and prepared for histology. Tissue sections were examined microscopically. Developmental-stage C. parvum was found in all three gut segments from all mice that received oocysts in unheated water and in water that reached temperatures of 54.4, 59.9, and 67.5 degrees C at 1 min when vials were removed from the heat source. C. parvum was also found in the ileum of one of six mice that received oocysts in water that reached a temperature of 59.7 degrees C at 5 min. These data indicated that when water containing C. parvum oocysts reached temperatures of 72.4 degrees C or higher within 1 min or when the temperature was held at 64.2 degrees C or higher for 2 min of a 5-min heating cycle, infectivity was lost. RP FAYER, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,LPSI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BLDG 1040,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 94 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 60 IS 8 BP 2732 EP 2735 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA NZ703 UT WOS:A1994NZ70300010 PM 8085816 ER PT J AU KLEMANLEYER, KM KIRK, TK AF KLEMANLEYER, KM KIRK, TK TI 3 NATIVE CELLULOSE-DEPOLYMERIZING ENDOGLUCANASES FROM SOLID-SUBSTRATE CULTURES OF THE BROWN-ROT FUNGUS MERULIPORIA (SERPULA) INCRASSATA SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION; WHITE-ROT; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; PURIFICATION; ACID; WOOD; DEGRADATION; COMPONENTS; DOMAINS; DECAY AB Three extracellular cellulose-depolymerizing enzymes from cotton undergoing decay by the brown rot fungus Meruliporia (Serpula) incrassata were isolated by anion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatographies. Depolymerization was detected by analyzing the changes in the molecular size distribution of cotton cellulose by high performance size-exclusion chromatography. The average degree of polymerization (DP; number of glucosyl residues per cellulose chain) was calculated from the size-exclusion chromatography data. The very acidic purified endoglucanases, Cel 25, Cel 49, and Cel 57, were glycosylated and had molecular weights of 25,200, 48,500, and 57,100, respectively. Two, Cel 25 and Cel 49, depolymerized cotton cellulose and were also very active on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Cel 57, by contrast, significantly depolymerized cotton cellulose but did not release reducing sugars from CMC and only very slightly reduced the viscosity of CMC solutions. Molecular size distributions of cotton cellulose attacked by the three endoglucanases revealed single major peaks that shifted to lower DP positions. A second smaller peak (DP, 10 to 20) was also observed in the size-exclusion chromatograms of cotton attacked by Cel 49 and Cel 57. Under the reaction conditions used, Cel 25, the most active of the cellulases, reduced the weight average DP from 3,438 to 315, solubilizing approximately 20% of the cellulose. The weight average DP values of cotton attacked under the same conditions by Cel 49 and Cel 57 were 814 and 534; weight losses were 9 and 11%, respectively. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT BACTERIOL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. US FOREST SERV, INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL, FOREST PROD LAB, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. NR 56 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 60 IS 8 BP 2839 EP 2845 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA NZ703 UT WOS:A1994NZ70300025 PM 16349351 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, RG REYMOND, ST AF ROBERTS, RG REYMOND, ST TI CHLORINE DIOXIDE FOR REDUCTION OF POSTHARVEST PATHOGEN INOCULUM DURING HANDLING OF TREE FRUITS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MOLD; PACKINGHOUSE; WATER; APPLE; PEAR AB Alternatives to hypochlorous acid and fungicides are needed for treatment of fruit and fruit-handling facilities. Chlorine dioxide was evaluated and found effective against common postharvest decay fungi and against filamentous fungi occurring on fruit packinghouse surfaces. In vitro tests with conidial or sporangio- spore suspensions of Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, Mucor piriformis, and Cryptosporiopsis perennans demonstrated >99% spore mortality within 1 min when the fungi were exposed to aqueous chlorine dioxide at 3 or 5 mu g . ml(-1). Longer exposure times were necessary to achieve similar spore mortalities with 1 mu g ml(-1). Of the fungi tested, B. cinerea and P. expansum were the least sensitive to ClO2. In comparison with the number recovered from untreated control areas, the number of filamentous fungi recovered was significantly lower in swipe tests from hard surfaces such as belts and pads in a commercial apple and pear packinghouse after treatment of surfaces with a 14.0- to 18.0-mu g . ml(-1) ClO2 foam formulation. Chlorine dioxide has desirable properties as a sanitizing agent for postharvest decay management when residues of postharvest fungicides are not desired or allowed. RP ROBERTS, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 28 TC 36 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 60 IS 8 BP 2864 EP 2868 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA NZ703 UT WOS:A1994NZ70300029 PM 16349354 ER PT J AU SCHAEFER, EJ GENEST, JJ ORDOVAS, JM SALEM, DN WILSON, PWF AF SCHAEFER, EJ GENEST, JJ ORDOVAS, JM SALEM, DN WILSON, PWF TI FAMILIAL LIPOPROTEIN DISORDERS AND PREMATURE CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Frontiers in Lipid and Lipoprotein Research: Basic Science, Analytical, Clinical, and Public Health Applications CY SEP 19-21, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AMER ASSOC CLIN CHEM, LIPIDS & LIPOPROTEINS DIV, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, AMER HEART ASSOC DE APOLIPOPROTEINS; GENETICS; CORONARY HEART DISEASE ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; PRIMARY-PREVENTION TRIAL; LDL PARTICLE-SIZE; FISH EYE DISEASE; HEART-DISEASE; C-III; COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEIN AB Significant risk factors for premature coronary heart disease include: (1) family history, (2) elevated low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level greater than or equal to 160 mg/dl, 1, (3) decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level < 35 mg/dl, 1, (4) cigarette smoking, (5) high blood pressure and (6) diabetes mellitus. All of these risk factors are common in patients with premature heart disease. Common familial lipid disorders associated with premature heart disease include familial lipoprotein(a) excess, familial dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides and decreased HDL cholesterol), familial combined hyperlipidemia (elevations of LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, and often decreased HDL cholesterol), familial hypoapobetalipoproteinemia (elevated apolipoprotein B levels), familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia (low HDL cholesterol levels), and familial hypercholesterolemia (elevated LDL cholesterol levels). All these disorders have been characterized using age and gender specific 90th and 10th percentile values from the normal population. The diagnosis and potential management of these disorders is reviewed. C1 FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA. RP SCHAEFER, EJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DEPT MED,USDA,HUMANM NUTR RES CTR,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL35243] NR 129 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD AUG PY 1994 VL 108 SU S BP S41 EP S54 DI 10.1016/0021-9150(94)90152-X PG 14 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA PM550 UT WOS:A1994PM55000005 PM 7802728 ER PT J AU GAY, CG AF GAY, CG TI A RISK ANALYSIS MODEL FOR EXPERIMENTAL VETERINARY VACCINES SO BIO-TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article RP GAY, CG (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,BIOTECHNOL SECT,6505 BELCREST RD,RM 838,FED BLDG,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 0733-222X J9 BIO-TECHNOL JI Bio-Technology PD AUG PY 1994 VL 12 IS 8 BP 826 EP 827 DI 10.1038/nbt0894-826 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA NZ763 UT WOS:A1994NZ76300034 PM 7765023 ER PT J AU GRONWALD, JW AF GRONWALD, JW TI HERBICIDES INHIBITING ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE SO BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 650th Meeting of the Biochemical-Society CY APR 12-14, 1994 CL UNIV WALES, CARDIFF, WALES SP BIOCHEM SOC HO UNIV WALES ID COENZYME-A CARBOXYLASE; FATTY-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; RYEGRASS LOLIUM-RIGIDUM; GRASS-SELECTIVE HERBICIDE; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; CORN ZEA-MAYS; DICLOFOP-METHYL; ARYLOXYPHENOXYPROPIONATE HERBICIDES; LIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; CROSS-RESISTANCE C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP GRONWALD, JW (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,411 BORLAUG HALL,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 50 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0300-5127 J9 BIOCHEM SOC T JI Biochem. Soc. Trans. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 22 IS 3 BP 616 EP 621 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA PE775 UT WOS:A1994PE77500015 PM 7821649 ER PT J AU SVOBODA, JA AF SVOBODA, JA TI STEROID-METABOLISM AS A TARGET FOR INSECT CONTROL SO BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID NONSTEROIDAL ECDYSONE AGONIST; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; IRREVERSIBLE INHIBITORS; CHOLESTERYL DERIVATIVES; IMIDAZOLE COMPOUND; BIOSYNTHESIS; INVITRO; DEALKYLATION; RH-5849 RP SVOBODA, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA CHARLES DARWIN HOUSE, 12 ROGER STREET, LONDON WC1N 2JU, ENGLAND SN 0300-5127 EI 1470-8752 J9 BIOCHEM SOC T JI Biochem. Soc. Trans. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 22 IS 3 BP 635 EP 641 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA PE775 UT WOS:A1994PE77500019 PM 7821653 ER PT J AU OSADA, J LOPEZMIRANDA, J SASTRE, J ORDOVAS, JM AF OSADA, J LOPEZMIRANDA, J SASTRE, J ORDOVAS, JM TI THE HUMAN HEPATOMA-CELL LINE, HEPG2, SECRETES FUNCTIONAL CHOLINESTERASE SO BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SERUM-CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE; LIPIDS; BETA; RATS C1 HOSP REINA SOFIA,DEPT MED INTERNA,CORDOBA,SPAIN. UNIV VALENCIA,FAC MED,DEPT FISIOL,E-46100 VALENCIA,SPAIN. TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP OSADA, J (reprint author), UNIV ZARAGOZA,FAC VET,DEPT BIOQUIM & BIOL MOLEC,ZARAGOZA,SPAIN. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS AUST PI MARRICKVILLE PA LOCKED BAG 16, MARRICKVILLE NSW 2204, AUSTRALIA SN 1039-9712 J9 BIOCHEM MOL BIOL INT JI Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1099 EP 1105 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA PD953 UT WOS:A1994PD95300009 PM 7804135 ER PT J AU FINLEY, JW JOHNSON, PE REEVES, PG VANDERPOOL, RA BRISKEANDERSON, M AF FINLEY, JW JOHNSON, PE REEVES, PG VANDERPOOL, RA BRISKEANDERSON, M TI EFFECT OF BILE/PANCREATIC SECRETIONS ON ABSORPTION OF RADIOACTIVE OR STABLE ZINC - IN-VIVO AND IN-VITRO STUDIES SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ZINC; HOMEOSTASIS; ABSORPTION; RAT; CACO-2; STABLE ISOTOPIC ZN ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT LIGANDS; CACO-2 CELL MONOLAYERS; RAT SMALL-INTESTINE; AMINO-ACIDS; PANCREATIC FLUID; DIETARY ZINC; LINE CACO-2; TRANSPORT; EXCRETION; SYSTEM AB Biliary/pancreatic (B/P) secretions are a major component of endogenous secretions, and endogenously secreted Zn is a primary means of Zn homeostasis. This study examined whether B/P fluid alters the absorption/reabsorption of Zn and, in doing so, whether this contributes to homeostatic control of Zn. Animal experiments utilized rats fed 10 or 300 mu g Zn/kg diet. An open-ended gut perfusion study in which Zn-65-labeled B/P fluid or Zn-67-labeled and digested diet found significantly decreased Zn absorption from B/P fluid. Although Zn absorption from both sources was less in animals fed diets higher in Zn, there was no interaction of treatment and diet. Further studies utilizing cultured human colon carcinoma cells (CACO-2) as in vitro models of gut enterocytes found that the presence of B/P fluid significantly decreased Zn retention and/or transport and resulted in a redistribution of cellular Zn after 1200 min of incubation. These studies show that a substance in B/P fluid can decrease the absorption of Zn and also suggest that dietary Zn and Zn associated with B/P secretions are absorbed from distinct pools. However, the lack of an interactive effect with diet, and the amount of time required to see differences in CACO-2 cells, suggest that differences in absorption are not a major contributor to Zn homeostasis. RP FINLEY, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2 BP 81 EP 96 DI 10.1007/BF02785381 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PB808 UT WOS:A1994PB80800001 PM 7981007 ER PT J AU SEABORN, CD NIELSEN, FH AF SEABORN, CD NIELSEN, FH TI EFFECTS OF GERMANIUM AND SILICON ON BONE MINERALIZATION SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GERMANIUM; SILICON; BONE; TRACE ELEMENTS; BONE MINERALS ID INDUCED NEPHROPATHY; SPIROGERMANIUM; METABOLISM; DIOXIDE; TRIAL; RATS AB The chemical properties of Ge are similar to Si, This study investigated whether Ge can substitute for, or is antagonistic to, Si in bone formation. Sixty male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to treatment groups of 12 and 6 in a 2 x 4 factorially arranged experiment. The independent variables were, per gram fresh diet, Si (as sodium metasilicate) at 0 or 25 mu g and Ge (as sodium germanate) at 0, 5, 30, or 60 mu g. Results confirmed that Ge does not enhance Si deprivation and provided evidence that Ge apparently can replace Si in functions that influence bone composition. When Si was lacking in the diet, calcium and magnesium concentrations of the femur were decreased; this was reversed by feeding either Ge and/or Si. Similar effects were found for zinc, sodium, iron, manganese, and potassium of vertebra. There were some responses to Si deprivation that Ge could not reverse; Ge did not increase femur copper, sodium, or phosphorus or decrease molybdenum of vertebra, effects that were evoked by Si supplementation Additionally, some findings suggested that 60 mu g Ge/g diet could be a toxic intake for the rat. On the other hand, some responses induced by Ge indicate that this element may be acting physiologically other than as a substitute for Si. Germanium itself affected bone composition. Germanium supplementation decreased Si and molybdenum in the femur and increased DNA in tibia. Regardless of the amount of Si fed, animals fed 30 mu g Ge/g diet had increased tibial DNA compared to animals fed 0 or 60 mu g Ge; however, tibial DNA of animals fed 30 mu g Ge was not statistically different from those animals fed 5 mu g Ge. Thus, Ge may be of nutritional importance. RP SEABORN, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 25 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2 BP 151 EP 164 DI 10.1007/BF02785386 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PB808 UT WOS:A1994PB80800006 PM 7981005 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, AJ ECHTERNKAMP, SE AF ROBERTS, AJ ECHTERNKAMP, SE TI IN-VITRO PRODUCTION OF ESTRADIOL BY BOVINE GRANULOSA-CELLS - EVALUATION OF CULTURE CONDITION, STAGE OF FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT, AND LOCATION OF CELLS WITHIN FOLLICLES SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN; SIDE-CHAIN CLEAVAGE; SERUM-FREE MEDIUM; GROWTH FACTOR-I; STIMULATING-HORMONE; PROGESTERONE PRODUCTION; PREOVULATORY FOLLICLE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ESTROUS-CYCLE; RAT OVARY AB In vitro estradiol (E(2)) production by bovine granulosa cells was evaluated under several culture conditions, which included the presence or absence of fetal bovine serum (FBS; 2.5 and 10%), serum substitutes (1% Nutridoma [Boehringer-Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN], 2% UltroSer G [IBF Biotechnics, Villenue-la Garenne, France]), selenium (Se; 10 ng/ml), lipoprotein (0.25% Excyte/ml), O-2 concentration (5 and 20%), and two attachment factors (Pronectin F and PepTite-2000). Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium:Ham's F-12 medium (1:1 mixture) containing 1 mu M androstenedione, 1 mu g/ml insulin, and 0.1% BSA was the basal medium evaluated. The optimum conditions determined were the basal medium in 5% O-2. These conditions were then used to ascertain whether or not E(2) production by granulosa cells varied with respect to location of cells within a follicle. Follicular fluid was aspirated and centrifuged to obtain granulosa cells expected to be primarily luminal and cumulus cells. Follicles were then bisected, and remaining mural granulosa cells were removed by scraping the follicle wall with a fine plastic loop. Aspirated granulosa cells secreted more (p < 0.01) E(2) than scraped cells. Production of E, during Days 0 to 2 of culture by aspirated (0.15 +/- 0.05 ng/mu g DNA) and scraped (0.02 +/- 0.01 ng/mu g DNA) granulosa cells from small follicles (< 8 mm) was less than that by aspirated (6.30 +/- 2.20 ng/mu g DNA) and scraped cells (1.90 +/- 1.00 ng/mu g DNA) from large follicles (greater than or equal to 8 mm). During Days 2 to 4 of culture when compared to Days 0 to 2, E(2) production increased for aspirated (but not scraped) granulosa cells from small follicles (0.66 +/- 0.23 ng/mu g DNA)). In contrast, E(2) production decreased (p < 0.05) over time in culture for aspirated (2.10 +/- 0.50 ng/mu g DNA) and scraped (0.16 +/- 0.07 ng/mu g DNA) granulosa cells from large follicles. Thus, granulosa cells proximal to the basement membrane may be less differentiated with regard to E(2) production than cells distal to the basement membrane. In addition, aspirated granulosa cells from small follicles appear to continue to differentiate toward E(2)-producing cells during culture, a characteristic difficult to obtain with bovine granulosa cells. RP ROBERTS, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 44 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 51 IS 2 BP 273 EP 282 DI 10.1095/biolreprod51.2.273 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA NY409 UT WOS:A1994NY40900013 PM 7948483 ER PT J AU REHFELDT, GE AF REHFELDT, GE TI ADAPTATION OF PICEA-ENGELMANNII POPULATIONS TO THE HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION; GENETIC VARIATION; ECOLOGICAL GENETICS ID PINUS-PONDEROSA; BREEDING STRATEGIES; GENETIC-VARIATION; DOUGLAS-FIR; BLUE SPRUCE; COLORADO; MONTICOLA; GROWTH; USA AB Seedlings from 104 natural populations of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) and 10 blue spruce (Picea pungens) populations from the Intermountain West, U.S.A., were compared in common gardens. Comparisons involved 16 characters that described growth, development, and cold hardiness plus nine monoterpenes. Canonical discriminant analyses detected one population of blue spruce that had been misidentified, readily separated populations of blue and Engelmann spruce, suggested that three Southwest populations differed markedly from Intermountain populations of Engelmann spruce, but identified no Intermountain populations that reflected introgression with blue spruce. Genetic differences were detected among populations of Engelmann spruce for 16 of the morphometric characters, and multiple regression models accounted for as much as 70% of the variance among populations. The regressions described genetic variation occurring along dines that were dominated by elevational and latitudinal effects. The slope of the dines, however, was relatively gentle; populations located within the same physiographic province must be separated by at least 420 m in elevation before genetic differentiation becomes a reasonable possibility. By providing a means for assessing the degree by which similar genotypes recur across the landscape, the regression models have direct practical application in programs ranging from land management to conservation biology. RP REHFELDT, GE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,1221 S MAIN ST,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 46 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1197 EP 1208 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PL960 UT WOS:A1994PL96000015 ER PT J AU TCHEBAKOVA, NM MONSERUD, RA NAZIMOVA, DI AF TCHEBAKOVA, NM MONSERUD, RA NAZIMOVA, DI TI A SIBERIAN VEGETATION MODEL-BASED ON CLIMATIC PARAMETERS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BUDYKO AB A model for predicting the spatial distribution of the major vegetation zones in Siberia is developed from bioclimatological considerations. Driving variables are growing degree-days (5 degrees C base), Budyko's dryness index, and Conrad's continentality index. Because these indices reflect the underlying climatic factors determining plants' requirements for warmth, drought resistance, and cold tolerance, they define the main features of vegetation zonation. Climatic inputs (monthly mean temperature, precipitation, vapor pressure, cloudiness, and albedo) are obtained from a global climatic database, supplemented by additional weather stations in Siberia; resolution is 0.5 degrees longitude by 0.5 degrees latitude. The performance of the model is examined by comparing our Siberian vegetation predictions with the landscape map of the USSR by Isachenko, a map that was not used for model development. The patterns of vegetation predicted by the Siberian vegetation model generally match well with the vegetation patterns on Isachenko's map. The general locations of all vegetation zones are predicted correctly. This visual impression is also borne out statistically, with K-statistics for judging agreement between the maps showing good agreement (0.55 < kappa < 0.7) at all scales of comparison (from 0.5 degrees by 0.5 degrees pixels to 5 degrees by 5 degrees blocks of pixels). The model is also useful for estimating the change in equilibrium conditions due to hypothesized events such as CO2-induced global warming, for retrospective comparisons using the paleorecord, and for carbon budget assessment. C1 UNIV IDAHO,USDA ARS,US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST FOREST,KRASNOYARSK 660036,RUSSIA. NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1597 EP 1607 DI 10.1139/x94-208 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QA527 UT WOS:A1994QA52700010 ER PT J AU TYRRELL, LE CROW, TR AF TYRRELL, LE CROW, TR TI DYNAMICS OF DEAD WOOD IN OLD-GROWTH HEMLOCK HARDWOOD FORESTS OF NORTHERN WISCONSIN AND NORTHERN MICHIGAN SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; DISTURBANCE HISTORY; WESTERN OREGON; NATURAL DISTURBANCE; TSUGA-HETEROPHYLLA; DECIDUOUS FOREST; TREEFALL GAPS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; DECOMPOSITION; DEBRIS AB We studied the dynamics of coarse woody debris (logs and snags) in old-growth forests by estimating rates of tree mortality, snag change, and log decay in hemlock-hardwood stands located in northern Wisconsin and northern Michigan. To estimate mortality and snag changes, we recensused live trees and dead snags in permanent plots in 15 stands. We also recorded recent mortality along transects, and noted category of mortality (standing death, breakage, or uprooting) for gap-maker trees and logs in 25 stands. Decay rates were estimated from a simple exponential model of wood density from log sections against the age of the wood since tree death, and from ages of trees growing on decaying ''nurse'' logs. From data obtained in permanent plots, annual tree mortality averaged 0.9% original basal area, 0.9% original live tree density, and 4.8 trees/ha. Of the three categories of tree mortality, standing death accounted for 62% of ail mortality, while breakage represented 25%, and uprooting, 13%. Based on origin of logs, species composition affected category of mortality. Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) was significantly more prone to uprooting while yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) were less prone to uprooting than expected if independence of species and categories of mortality were assumed (chi(2) = 216.5, df = 14, p < 0.001). Changes in snags (fragmentation to shorter snags or collapse at the base) occurred for <7% of the original snags annually. Fragmentation occurred for 2.1 snags/ (ha X year), and collapse for 1.3 snags/(ha x year). We estimated that it takes nearly 200 years for hemlock logs to lose structural integrity and become partially incorporated into the soil. At >350 years, the two oldest hemlock-hardwood stands had accumulated volumes of logs >65 m(3)/ha distributed among all decay classes, and appeared to be at a dead wood equilibrium in which rates of log production from mortality balance rates of wood loss by decay. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BOT,MADISON,WI 53706. US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. NR 52 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 18 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1672 EP 1683 DI 10.1139/x94-216 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QA527 UT WOS:A1994QA52700018 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, MA NEALE, DB HARVIE, P HUTCHISON, KW AF CAMPBELL, MA NEALE, DB HARVIE, P HUTCHISON, KW TI TISSUE-SPECIFIC AND LIGHT REGULATION OF A LARCH RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE PROMOTER IN TRANSGENIC TOBACCO SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ENHANCER-LIKE ELEMENT; SMALL SUBUNIT; GENE-EXPRESSION; INDEPENDENT EXPRESSION; HIGHER-PLANTS; RBCS GENES; PEA; CAB; BINDING; SEEDLINGS AB A chimeric gene composed of an eastern larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RbcS) promoter linked to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) coding sequence was transferred to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum (L.)) via Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation. Based on GUS activity the larch RbcS promoter functioned in an organ-specific and light-regulated manner. Histochemical analysis revealed high levels of GUS activity in photosynthetically active tissues and low or undetectable activity in xylem and root tissues. Fluorometric analysis of GUS activity demonstrated that the larch RbcS promoter was expressed at a 10-fold higher level in leaf blades than in root tissue. Light-grown transgenic plants expressed GUS at a two-fold higher level than dark grown individuals. These results suggest evolutionary conservation of tissue-specific RbcS promoter activity between gymnosperms and angiosperms but only weak conservation of the transduction mechanism for light regulation. C1 USDA ARS,US FOREST SERV,INST FOREST GENET,PACIFIC SW RES STN,BERKELEY,CA 94701. UNIV MAINE,DEPT BIOCHEM,ORONO,ME 04469. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1689 EP 1693 DI 10.1139/x94-218 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QA527 UT WOS:A1994QA52700020 ER PT J AU RIEMENSCHNEIDER, DE MCMAHON, BG OSTRY, ME AF RIEMENSCHNEIDER, DE MCMAHON, BG OSTRY, ME TI POPULATION-DEPENDENT SELECTION-STRATEGIES NEEDED FOR 2-YEAR-OLD BLACK COTTONWOOD CLONES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID POPULUS-TRICHOCARPA; GENETIC-VARIATION; MELAMPSORA-MEDUSAE; LEAF RUST; PRODUCTIVITY; HYBRIDS; OCCIDENTALIS; INHERITANCE; RESISTANCE; DELTOIDES AB We conducted a study to determine whether genotypic and phenotypic covariances among important traits differed between collections of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torr. and Gray) from British Columbia and northern Idaho. We also determined how differences in estimated covariances could affect various multiple-trait clonal selection strategies. The experimental design consisted of 166 clones from British Columbia and northern Idaho intermixed at random in two replications of three-tree row plots. Measurements made during the second growing season included tree height, frequency and number of sylleptic branches, number of leaves, and the lengths and areas of leaf plastochron index 5, 10, and 15 leaves at the end of the growing season. The severity and extent of Melampsora leaf rust and Septoria leaf spot were also evaluated. We found high heritability for tree height phenology, leaf morphology, and resistance to damaging agents. However, no advantage to using leaf morphology to improve genetic selection for tree height was demonstrable. Restricted selection indices had high potential utility for controlling increases in damaging agents. However, the relation between tree height and leaf diseases varied between the British Columbia and northern Idaho collections of black cottonwood, and between black cottonwood and an adjacent experimental population of balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.). Such population-related variation in intertrait covariances suggests that selection strategies involving disease resistance may need to be evaluated on an individual population basis. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT FORESTRY,AMES,IA 50010. US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP RIEMENSCHNEIDER, DE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,5985 HIGHWAY K,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1704 EP 1710 DI 10.1139/x94-220 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QA527 UT WOS:A1994QA52700022 ER PT J AU FRAEDRICH, SW MILLER, T ZARNOCH, SJ AF FRAEDRICH, SW MILLER, T ZARNOCH, SJ TI FACTORS AFFECTING THE INCIDENCE OF BLACK SEED ROT IN SLASH PINE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Black seed rot of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griff. & Maubl. was found to be a postharvest disease favored by premature cone harvests in conjunction with certain cone collection practices. The incidence of fungus-damaged seeds was greatest in cones collected on the earliest collection date and left in contact with the ground before storage. The incidence of disease decreased with later collection dates. Fungus-damaged seeds were not present in cones dried immediately after collection, regard less of the collection date. Fungi were rarely established in seeds at the time that cones were removed from trees; they apparently colonized seeds and caused disease during cone harvest and storage. Based on cone specific gravity and results of seed germination tests, cones and seeds were not mature on the earliest collection date. Lasiodiplodia theobromae was associated with a majority of seeds that were fungus-damaged. Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyke and Sutton and a Fusicoccum sp. also were recovered from seeds; however, their relative importance in slash pine seed disease was minor. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT FORESTRY,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP FRAEDRICH, SW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 70,OLUSTEE,FL 32072, USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1717 EP 1725 DI 10.1139/x94-222 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QA527 UT WOS:A1994QA52700024 ER PT J AU COLINAS, C PERRY, D MOLINA, R AMARANTHUS, M AF COLINAS, C PERRY, D MOLINA, R AMARANTHUS, M TI SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII SEEDLINGS INOCULATED WITH BIOCIDE-TREATED SOILS AT PLANTING IN A DEGRADED CLEAR-CUT SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ECTOMYCORRHIZA FORMATION; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; DOUGLAS-FIR; PINE PINUS; FOREST; BACTERIA; MICROORGANISMS; STIMULATION; MICROFLORA; INFECTION AB To determine the component(s) of transfer soils responsible for increased seedling survival and growth, we inoculated planting holes with forest, plantation, and clear-cut soils that were (i) treated with fertilizer to test for effects of nutrients; treated with biocides to test for effects of (ii) microarthropods or nematodes, (iii) protozoa, (iv) fungi, and (v) bacteria; (vi) pasteurized; (vii) Tyndallized; and (viii) untreated. Odds of survival were increased by inoculation with untreated plantation soils, but not if they were fertilized or treated with dimethoate + carbofuran (grazercide), fumagillin (protozoacide), or oxytetracycline + penicillin (bactericide). Addition of untreated forest soil did not increase survival. For all soils, survival odds were increased by captan (fungicide), pasteurization, and Tyndallization. Treatments affected seedling dry weights differently than survival. Untreated plantation and forest soil transfers increased dry weights whereas neither did when treated with dimethoate + carbofuran. Dry weights of seedlings given clear-cut soil were increased by fertilization, pasteurization, and Tyndallization of the soil; the latter two treatments also increased the number of short roots. We hypothesize that stimulation of seedling growth by soil transfers was related to an increased rate of nutrient mineralization due to microbivorous soil animals contained within the transfer soils. Soil transfers may have enhanced seedling survival by at least two mechanisms: (i) by providing a safe site for beneficial rhizosphere organisms to proliferate, free from competing organisms that have proliferated in the clear-cut soil; (ii) through volatile organic compounds that stimulated seedling root growth, especially ethylene, which previous studies have shown to be produced at significantly lower rates in soils of the clearcut compared with adjacent forest soils. Further research is needed to distinguish between these possibilities. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL FORESTRY,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US FOREST SERV,SISKIYOU NATL FOREST,GRANTS PASS,OR 97526. RI Colinas, Carlos/P-5457-2014 OI Colinas, Carlos/0000-0002-9113-8747 NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1741 EP 1749 DI 10.1139/x94-225 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QA527 UT WOS:A1994QA52700027 ER PT J AU KIM, YI GIULIANO, A HATCH, KD SCHNEIDER, A NOUR, MA DALLAL, GE SELHUB, J MASON, JB AF KIM, YI GIULIANO, A HATCH, KD SCHNEIDER, A NOUR, MA DALLAL, GE SELHUB, J MASON, JB TI GLOBAL DNA HYPOMETHYLATION INCREASES PROGRESSIVELY IN CERVICAL DYSPLASIA AND CARCINOMA SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE DNA HYPOMETHYLATION; CERVICAL DYSPLASIA/CANCER; INTERMEDIARY MARKER; CARCINOGENESIS ID C-MYC ONCOGENE; CALCITONIN GENE; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS; 5-METHYLCYTOSINE CONTENT; ABNORMAL METHYLATION; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; INTEGRATION SITES; EUKARYOTIC DNA; RAS ONCOGENES; HUMAN CANCERS AB Background. Global DNA hypomethylation has been observed in some human neoplasms and has been implicated as an important factor in carcinogenesis. The current study was designed to assess whether DNA hypomethylation occurs in cervical dysplasia and cancer, and to determine the relationship between the degree of DNA hypomethylation and the grade of neoplasia. Methods. Cervical biopsy specimens were obtained from colposcopically identifiable lesions in 41 patients with abnormal Pap smear results. The extent of global DNA methylation was assessed by incubating the extracted DNA with [H-3]-S-adenosylmethionine and Sss1 methyltransferase, an enzyme that specifically catalyzes the transfer of methyl groups to cytosine residues in the cytosine-guanine doubler. The degree of exogenous H-3-methyl group incorporation into the DNA therefore is related reciprocally to the extent of endogenous DNA methylation. These data were compared with the histopathologic classification of the lesions. Results. The extent of H-3-methyl group incorporation was increased threefold and sevenfold in the DNA from cervical dysplasia and cancer, respectively, compared with the DNA from normal cervical tissue (P = 0.006, analysis of variance). Significant incremental increases in DNA hypomethylation were observed in the progression from normal and low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) to high grade SIL and to cancer (P < 0.0001,trend). Conclusions. These data show that global DNA hypomethylation is a significant epigenetic event in cervical carcinogenesis and that the degree of DNA hypomethylation increases with the grade of cervical neoplasia. These data suggest that global DNA methylation may serve as a biochemical marker of cervical neoplasia. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,DIV BIOSTAT,BOSTON,MA 02111. ARIZONA CANC CTR,MINOR CANC PREVENT & CONTROL PROGRAM,TUCSON,AZ. UNIV ARIZONA,HLTH SCI CTR,DIV GYNECOL ONCOL,TUCSON,AZ. UNIV ULM,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,W-7900 ULM,GERMANY. RP KIM, YI (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,VITAMIN BIOAVAILABIL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [1UO1 CA63812-01] NR 62 TC 132 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD AUG 1 PY 1994 VL 74 IS 3 BP 893 EP 899 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(19940801)74:3<893::AID-CNCR2820740316>3.0.CO;2-B PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA NZ352 UT WOS:A1994NZ35200015 PM 8039116 ER PT J AU DOANE, WM AF DOANE, WM TI OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR NEW INDUSTRIAL USES OF STARCH SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article RP DOANE, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD AUG PY 1994 VL 39 IS 8 BP 556 EP & PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA PN335 UT WOS:A1994PN33500003 ER PT J AU KOLKA, RK LAIRD, DA NATER, EA AF KOLKA, RK LAIRD, DA NATER, EA TI COMPARISON OF 4 ELEMENTAL MASS-BALANCE METHODS FOR CLAY MINERAL QUANTIFICATION SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE ELEMENTAL MASS BALANCE; MARQUARDT ALGORITHM; NONLINEAR MODELS; NUMERICAL OPTIMIZATION; QUANTIFICATION ID MIXTURES AB The quantification of the relative mineralogical composition of clay mixtures by powder X-ray diffraction or chemical mass balance methods has been severely hampered by a lack of representative standards. The recent development of elemental mass balance models that do not require standards for all minerals in the mixture may help circumvent this problem. These methods, which are based on the numerical optimization of systems of non-linear equations using the Marquardt algorithm, show promise for mineral quantification. The objective of this study is to make a preliminary assessment of the accuracy of these methods and to compare them to linear models that require standards for all mineral phases. Methods 1 and 2 are based on weighted average solutions to simultaneous linear equations solved for single samples with known standards. Solutions were achieved by a matrix decomposition algorithm and the Marquardt algorithm, respectively. Methods 3 and 4 are based on a set of simultaneous non-linear equations with reduced non-linearity solved by least squares optimization based on the Marquardt algorithm for multiple samples. Illite and halloysite compositions were fixed in Method 3, only the halloysite composition was fixed in Method 4. All models yielded relative weight fractions of the three mineral components; additionally, Methods 3 and 4 yielded compositions of smectite, and smectite and illite, respectively. Ten clay mixtures with varying proportions of the <0.2 mu m size fraction of three different reference clays (Wyoming bentonite, Fithian illite, and New Bedford halloysite) were prepared gravimetrically and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. Accuracy of the four methods was evaluated by comparing the known mineralogical compositions of the mixtures with those predicted by the models. Relative errors of 5 and 10% (randomly +/-) were imposed on the elemental composition of the smectite standard to simulate errors due to lack of good standards. Not surprisingly, the accuracy of Methods 1 and 2 decreased rapidly with increasing error. Because Methods 3 and 4 optimized for the smectite composition and only used it for an initial guess, they were unaffected by the level of introduced error. They accurately quantified the mineralogical compositions of the mixtures and the elemental compositions of smectite, and smectite and illite, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP KOLKA, RK (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,439 BORLAUG HALL,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 4416, BOULDER, CO 80306 SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 42 IS 4 BP 437 EP 443 DI 10.1346/CCMN.1994.0420409 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA PR702 UT WOS:A1994PR70200009 ER PT J AU MILNE, DB AF MILNE, DB TI ASSESSMENT OF COPPER NUTRITIONAL-STATUS SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE DIETARY COPPER; CERULOPLASMIN; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY; KINKY-HAIR SYNDROME; CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; SERUM COPPER; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; WILSONS-DISEASE; DIETARY COPPER; ZINC STATUS AB Despite increased interest in the role of copper deficiency in clinical problems and an increased understanding of the physiological roles of copper, the diagnosis of a marginal deficiency has not been perfected. The use of nonstandardized procedures and the effects of factors other than copper nutriture have impeded identification of the ''ideal'' indicator of copper nutritional status in adult humans. The specific activity of copper enzymes, or of copper-containing enzymes in blood cells, such as erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and platelet or leukocyte cytochrome c oxidase, may be a better indicator of metabolically active copper stores than the serum concentration of copper or ceruloplasmin, because the enzyme activities are sensitive to changes in copper stores and are not as sensitive to factors not related to copper nutriture. A single index, such as serum copper concentration, is inadequate for assessing the total body copper nutriture of an individual and must be supported by corroborating evidence. RP MILNE, DB (reprint author), UNIV N DAKOTA,USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 9034,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 80 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1479 EP 1484 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA PA073 UT WOS:A1994PA07300002 PM 8044985 ER PT J AU BURRAGE, TG LAEGREID, WW AF BURRAGE, TG LAEGREID, WW TI AFRICAN HORSESICKNESS - PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNITY SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE AFRICAN HORSESICKNESS; HORSE; PATHOGENESIS; ANTIBODY; VACCINE ID HORSE SICKNESS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; NEUTRALIZATION; VP2 AB African horsesickness (AHS) is a serious, non-contagious disease of horses and other solipeds caused by an arthropod-borne orbivirus of the family Reoviridae. In horses, AHS causes three distinct clinicopathologic syndromes, the pulmonary, cardiac and fever forms of the disease. Recent work has shown that the primary determinant of the form of disease expressed by naive horses is the virulence of the virus inoculum. Horses which recover from AHS exhibit solid humoral immunity against homologous challenge. Protective antibodies appear to be directed towards neutralizing epitopes on AHS virus VP2. The relationship of neutralization to protection and vaccination is discussed. RP BURRAGE, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,MOLEC PATHOL UNIT,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0147-9571 J9 COMP IMMUNOL MICROB JI Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD AUG-NOV PY 1994 VL 17 IS 3-4 BP 275 EP 285 DI 10.1016/0147-9571(94)90047-7 PG 11 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA PF469 UT WOS:A1994PF46900008 PM 8001349 ER PT J AU LAEGREID, WW AF LAEGREID, WW TI DIAGNOSIS OF AFRICAN HORSESICKNESS SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE AFRICAN HORSESICKNESS; DIAGNOSIS; SEROLOGY; ELISA; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ID HORSE SICKNESS VIRUS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; DIFFERENT ORBIVIRUSES; COMPETITIVE ELISA; VP7; IDENTIFICATION; BLUETONGUE; SEQUENCES; ANTIGEN AB African horsesickness (AHS) is a very serious, non-contagious disease of horses and other solipeds caused by an arthropod-borne orbivirus of the family Reoviridae. The epizootic nature of the disease makes rapid, accurate diagnosis of AHS absolutely essential. Currently, diagnosis of AHS is based on typical clinical signs and lesions, a history consistent with vector transmission and confirmation by laboratory detection of virus and/or anti-AHS virus antibodies. The clinicopathologic presentation of AHS, current and next generation laboratory diagnostic methods are discussed. RP LAEGREID, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,MOLEC PATHOL UNIT,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0147-9571 J9 COMP IMMUNOL MICROB JI Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD AUG-NOV PY 1994 VL 17 IS 3-4 BP 297 EP 303 DI 10.1016/0147-9571(94)90049-3 PG 7 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA PF469 UT WOS:A1994PF46900010 PM 8001351 ER PT J AU MILUNAS, MC RHOADS, AF MASON, JR AF MILUNAS, MC RHOADS, AF MASON, JR TI EFFECTIVENESS OF ODOR REPELLENTS FOR PROTECTING ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS FROM BROWSING BY WHITE-TAILED DEER SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE ARBORVITAE; BIG GAME REPELLENT; HUMAN SCENT; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; REPELLENT; RHODODENDRON; SEACURE; WHITE-TAILED DEER; YEW ID DAMAGE AB Big Game Repellent (BGR), SeaCure (a sulfur-containing topical fertilizer), or 3-methyl-2-hexanoic acid (the principal odour in human sweat) were applied to yews (Taxus spp.), rhododendrons (Rhododendron spp.), or arborvitae (Thuja spp.), and the effectiveness of these treatments as white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) odour repellents was evaluated. In experiment 1, 16 residential sites were identified. and three plants at each site were selected for treatment. One plant at each site was covered with Deer-X netting, and another was sprayed with an agricultural spreader/sticker (0.14 ml l-1). The third plant at each site was treated with spreader/sticker and one of the repellents. At five sites, SeaCure was applied (8.0 ml l-1). At another six sites, 3-methyl-2-hexanoic acid was applied (0.42 ml l-1). At the remaining five sites, BGR was applied as an even coating (manufacturer's instructions). At each site, plants were approximately 10 m apart. After 6 weeks, only plastic netting and BGR appeared to reduce browse damage. SeaCure and 3-methyl-2-hexanoic acid were ineffective. In experiment 2, ten of the original 16 residential sites were selected. SeaCure and 3-methyl-2-hexanoic acid were reapplied at ten times the concentration used in experiment 1. and damage was evaluated 3 weeks later: neither substance reduced damage. In experiment 3, plants at the remaining six sites were sprayed with BGR or spreader/sticker, or were netted. Plants were spaced approximately 30 m apart, and damage was evaluated after 3 weeks. Neither BGR nor netting conferred significant protection. C1 MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSEPCT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,3500 MKT ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV PENN,MORRIS ARBORETUM,DEPT BOT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 8 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 13 IS 5 BP 393 EP 397 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(94)90056-6 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NX679 UT WOS:A1994NX67900012 ER PT J AU SPIES, TA RIPLE, WJ BRADSHAW, GA AF SPIES, TA RIPLE, WJ BRADSHAW, GA TI DYNAMICS AND PATTERN OF A MANAGED CONIFEROUS FOREST LANDSCAPE IN OREGON SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE CLEAR-CUTTING; DISTURBANCE; EDGE HABITAT; FOREST MANAGEMENT; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; HETEROGENEITY; INTERIOR HABITAT; LANDSCAPE PATTERN; PATCHINESS; REMOTE SENSING ID DEFORESTATION; CONSERVATION; SUCCESSION; DIVERSITY AB We examined the process of fragmentation in a managed forest landscape by comparing rates and patterns of disturbance (primarily clear-cutting) and regrowth between 1972 and 1988 using Landsat imagery. A 2589-km2 managed forest landscape in western Oregon was classified into two forest types, closed-canopy conifer forest (CF) (typically, >60% conifer cover) and other forest and nonforest types (OT) (typically, <40 yr old or deciduous forest). The percentage of CF declined from 71 to 58% between 1972 and 1988. Declines were greatest on private land, least in wilderness, and intermediate in public nonwilderness. High elevations (>914 m) maintained a greater percentage of CF than lower elevations (<914 m). The percentage of the area at the edge of the two cover types increased on all ownerships and in both elevational zones, whereas the amount of interior habitat (defined as CF at least 100 m from OT) decreased on all ownerships and elevational zones. By 1988 public lands contained almost-equal-to 45% interior habitat while private lands had 12% interior habitat. Mean interior patch area declined from 160 to 62 ha. The annual rate of disturbance (primarily clear-cutting) for the entire area including the wilderness was 1.19%, which corresponds to a cutting rotation of 84 yr. The forest landscape was not in a steady state or regulated condition which is not projected to occur for at least 40 yr under current forest plans. Variability in cutting rates within ownerships was higher on private land than on nonreserve public land. However, despite the use of dispersed cutting patterns on public land, spatial patterns of cutting and remnant forest patches were nonuniform across the entire public ownership. Large remaining patches (< 5000 ha) of contiguous interior forest were restricted to public lands designated for uses other than timber production such as wilderness areas and research natural areas. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,ENVIRONM REMOTE SENSING APPLICAT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,ENVIRONM REMOTE SENSING APPLICAT LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP SPIES, TA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 44 TC 200 Z9 217 U1 5 U2 29 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 4 IS 3 BP 555 EP 568 DI 10.2307/1941957 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NZ308 UT WOS:A1994NZ30800013 ER PT J AU WALLIN, DO SWANSON, FJ MARKS, B AF WALLIN, DO SWANSON, FJ MARKS, B TI LANDSCAPE PATTERN RESPONSE TO CHANGES IN PATTERN GENERATION RULES - LAND-USE LEGACIES IN FORESTRY SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE DISTURBANCE; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; FOREST MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE PATTERN DYNAMICS; LAND USE; PATTERN AND PROCESS; SIMULATION MODEL ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; OREGON; CONSEQUENCES; DISTURBANCE; VEGETATION; GROWTH; RANGE AB The Pacific Northwest of the United States is currently embroiled in an acrimonious debate over the management of federal forest lands. Constructive resolution of this debate will require better information on a broad range of forest management issues. This study focuses on one such issue: the development of landscape pattern in response to alternative forest cutting plans and the degree to which established landscape patterns can be changed. Dispersed cutting has been conducted on federal lands in the western United States for > 40 yr, but alternative cutting plans are now being considered. To assess the effects of different disturbance processes on the development of landscape pattern, we compare dispersed- and aggregated-cutting plans using a simple, rule-based simulation model that incorporates realistic regulatory and logistic constraints. Our results indicate that, once established, the landscape pattern created by dispersed disturbances is difficult to erase without a substantial reduction in the disturbance rate or a reduction in the minimum stand age eligible for disturbance. Change in landscape pattern can lag substantially behind change in the rules governing pattern generation. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP WALLIN, DO (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 49 TC 110 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 12 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 4 IS 3 BP 569 EP 580 DI 10.2307/1941958 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NZ308 UT WOS:A1994NZ30800014 ER PT J AU LIU, JG CUBBAGE, FW PULLIAM, HR AF LIU, JG CUBBAGE, FW PULLIAM, HR TI ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC-EFFECTS OF FOREST LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE AND ROTATION LENGTH - SIMULATION STUDIES USING ECOLECON SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE BACHMAN SPARROW; ECOLECON; FOREST MANAGEMENT; MODELING ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; COMPLEX LANDSCAPES; MODEL; FRAGMENTATION; CONSERVATION; SINKS AB ECOLECON is a spatially-explicit, object-oriented computer simulation model that simulates animal population dynamics and economic yield from timber harvests based on forest landscape structure and timber management schemes. The model has been parameterized to simulate the population dynamics and extinction probability of Bachman's Sparrow (Aimophila aestivalis), a species of management concern in southeastern pine forests. Simulations with ECOLECON have shown that forest landscape structure and management options such as rotation lengths influence both population sizes of the sparrows and economic returns from timber harvests. Sparrow population size and economic income were often maximized by different management strategies. For example, land expectation value reached a maximum when a rotation length was 20 years; however, whenever harvest rotation length was shorter than 80 years, sparrow population size had a negative linear relationship with rotation lengths. As the amount of mature pine habitat increased, sparrow population size increased, but annual net income decreased. Fragmentation of landscapes with only a small amount of mature habitat caused lower population sizes, but fragmentation of landscapes with a large amount of mature habitat resulted in a larger population size. Differences in placement of the mature habitat within the landscapes resulted in large differences in population size. Larger stand sizes produced higher economic revenues, but the effect of stand size on population size was confounded by the amount of mature habitat. Simulation models such as ECOLECON provide a potentially powerful tool for balancing wildlife population needs and economic revenues through designing and managing forested landscapes. C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV GEORGIA,INST ECOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RI Liu, Jianguo/G-5211-2015 OI Liu, Jianguo/0000-0001-6344-0087 NR 66 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 10 IS 3 BP 249 EP 263 DI 10.1016/0921-8009(94)90112-0 PG 15 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA PE167 UT WOS:A1994PE16700007 ER PT J AU AMACHER, MC SELIM, HM AF AMACHER, MC SELIM, HM TI MATHEMATICAL-MODELS TO EVALUATE RETENTION AND TRANSPORT OF CHROMIUM(VI) IN SOIL SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article ID ADSORPTION DESORPTION; CHROMATE ADSORPTION; HEXAVALENT FORMS; KINETICS; GOETHITE; REDUCTION; BEHAVIOR AB Modeling the transport of reactive heavy metals in soils requires a mathematical description of the kinetics of various sorption processes. A family of models has been developed that can potentially describe the retention and transport of heavy metals in soils. These models include MRM (a multireaction model applicable to batch studies that includes parallel, reversible, nonlinear kinetic and equilibrium retention reactions), MRTM (MRM incorporated into the convection-dispersion equation for solute transport in soils under steady-state water flow), and SOTS (a two-site model applicable to batch and column studies that includes two parallel, reversible, second-order kinetic retention reactions). All the models include an irreversible, first-order kinetic reaction. Batch kinetic and column transport studies were conducted to evaluate the ability of these models to describe the retention and transport of Cr(VI) in three soils. Both MRM and SOTS described kinetic Cr(VI) retention data from batch experiments equally well. However, MRM rate coefficients from batch experiments could not be used to predict Cr(VI) breakthrough curves (BTCs) from column transport experiments when the soil retained a significant amount of solute. This was because MRM rate coefficients were pseudo rate coefficients that varied with initial solute concentration. SOTS rate coefficients from batch experiments could be used to approximate BTCs for Cr(VI). The second-order kinetic model, which accounts for the concentrations of reaction sites in soils, is a more realistic description of apparent retention processes. However, differences in mass transfer processes between batch and column studies will continue to limit the usefulness of batch-derived rate coefficients in predicting transport of reactive solutes in soils. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP AMACHER, MC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 74 IS 3-4 BP 205 EP 230 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(94)90120-1 PG 26 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PC980 UT WOS:A1994PC98000004 ER PT J AU CARROLL, JF YOUNG, KW AF CARROLL, JF YOUNG, KW TI IN-VITRO FEEDING OF NORTHERN FOWL MITES ON BEEF AND SWINE BLOOD SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Note DE IN VITRO FEEDING; BEEF BLOOD; SWINE BLOOD; ORNITHONYSSUS SYLVARIUM ID MACRONYSSIDAE; MEMBRANE; ACARI RP CARROLL, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 72 IS 2 BP 193 EP 195 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PE951 UT WOS:A1994PE95100012 ER PT J AU EPSKY, ND HEATH, RR HOLLER, TC HARRIS, DL MULLINS, T AF EPSKY, ND HEATH, RR HOLLER, TC HARRIS, DL MULLINS, T TI CORN STEEPWATER AS PROTEIN BAIT FOR ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TEPHRITIDAE; ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; PROTEIN BAITS ID CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY; MCPHAIL TRAPS; LOEW DIPTERA AB Field trials were conducted to determine the potential use of corn steepwater, an acid-hydrolyzed com product, as a liquid bait for the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), in Florida. Preference tests compared relative attractiveness among aqueous solutions of standard torula yeast plus sodium borate pellets or 10% steepwater (vol:vol) plus 1, 3, 5, and 10% (wt:vol) borax in traps. Total number of females trapped decreased from 474 in fresh bait solution to 197 and 154 in 2-3-d old and 4-6-d old bait solutions, respectively. When freshly prepared solutions were tested, the torula yeast-borax solution was the most attractive and the 10% steepwater with 1% borax the second most attractive bait formulation, capturing 45 and 23% of the trapped females, respectively. After 2-3 d of field-use, there was less discrimination among the baits, although the 10% steepwater with 1% borax and with 10% borax each captured 29% of the trapped flies. By the last 4-6 d of field use, the 10% steepwater with 1% borax was most preferred and captured 45% of the trapped flies. Dissections of subsamples of trapped females indicated that only 50% of the females from tortula yeast-borax traps were unmated, while 80-95% of the females caught in any of the steepwater traps were unmated. The addition of 1, 3, 5, and 10% borax increased the initial pH of the acidic steepwater to 5.95, 7.76, 8.44, and 8.76, respectively. The relative attractiveness of the 10% steepwater with 1% borax increased as this bait approached a neutral pH over the 6 d of field use. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 23 IS 4 BP 827 EP 831 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PC628 UT WOS:A1994PC62800006 ER PT J AU THORPE, KW RIDGWAY, RL AF THORPE, KW RIDGWAY, RL TI EFFECTS OF TRUNK BARRIERS ON LARVAL GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) DENSITY IN ISOLATED-CANOPY AND CONTIGUOUS-CANOPY OAK TREES SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; TRUNK BARRIERS; INTER-TREE MOVEMENT ID DISPAR LEPIDOPTERA; POPULATIONS; BANDS; SIZE AB The impact of sticky trunk barriers on the density of larval gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar (L.), in oak (Quercus spp.) trees with isolated and contiguous canopies was studied. Measurements of frass drop per unit of area and frass yield per larva were used to estimate larval density. The trunk barriers reduced larval density by an average of almost-equal-to 27%. The effect of the trunk barriers was the same on isolated- and contiguous-canopy trees on the first sample date, when larvae were predominantly fourth instars. On the second sample date, when larvae were predominantly fifth and sixth instars, the effect of trunk barriers on larval density was greater on contiguous-canopy trees. These results indicate that reinfestation of trees from the canopy of adjacent trees is minimal at low to moderate gypsy moth larval densities (up to almost-equal-to 80 larvae per square meter). Defoliation levels and subsequent egg-mass density were not affected by trunk barriers. While sticky trunk barriers appear to consistently reduce larval density on both isolated- and contiguous-canopy oak trees, they do not provide adequate foliage protection. Frass drop (number of frass pellets per square meter) was the most sensitive measure of treatment effects. The estimation of larval density by incorporating information about frass yield per larva introduced additional variability which made this a less sensitive measure of treatment effects. RP THORPE, KW (reprint author), USDA,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BLDG 402,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 23 IS 4 BP 832 EP 836 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PC628 UT WOS:A1994PC62800007 ER PT J AU MANNION, CM CARPENTER, JE WISEMAN, BR GROSS, HR AF MANNION, CM CARPENTER, JE WISEMAN, BR GROSS, HR TI HOST CORN-EARWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) REARED ON MERIDIC DIET CONTAINING SILKS FROM A RESISTANT CORN GENOTYPE ON ARCHYTAS-MARMORATUS (DIPTERA, TACHINIDAE) AND ICHNEUMON-PROMISSORIUS (HYMENOPTERA, ICHNEUMONIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELICOVERPA-ZEA; TRI-TROPHIC INTERACTION; HOST PLANT RESISTANCE ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; CAMPOLETIS-SONORENSIS HYMENOPTERA; MECHANICALLY EXTRACTED MAGGOTS; SOYBEAN LOOPER LEPIDOPTERA; PLANT-RESISTANCE; ZAPALOTE CHICO; PARASITISM; BRACONIDAE; HEMIPTERA; CULTIVARS AB Larvae of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) fed on a meridic diet containing silks of a resistant com genotype, 'Zapalote Chico 2451# (PC3)', were examined as suitable hosts for a larval-pupal parasitoid, Archytas marmoratus (Townsend), and a pupal parasitoid, Ichneumon promissorius (Erich). Host pupal weight, parasitoid weight, and developmental time were significantly reduced when host larvae were reared on a diet containing resistant silks compared with diet without resistant silks. Weight of A. marmoratus was strongly correlated with host weight for both host diets. Parasitoid developmental time for both parasitoids was also correlated with host pupal weight for hosts fed on a diet containing resistant silks. Fecundity of both parasitoids was not affected by host diet. Adult longevity of I. promissorius was significantly reduced when reared from hosts fed the diet containing resistant silks compared with hosts reared on the diet without resistant silks. Longevity of female A. marmoratus was not affected by host diet, but male A. marmoratus lived longer when reared from hosts fed the resistant diet. Despite a few negative effects (lower percentage emergence of A. marmoratus) of a resistant host diet on the parasitoids, these strategies could be compatible because the negative effects did not result in lower parasitoid fecundity or increased parasitoid developmental time. RP MANNION, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & PEST MANAGEMENT RES LAB,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 23 IS 4 BP 837 EP 845 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PC628 UT WOS:A1994PC62800008 ER PT J AU PAIR, SD AF PAIR, SD TI JAPANESE HONEYSUCKLE (CAPRIFOLIACEAE) - NEWLY DISCOVERED HOST OF HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS AND HELICOVERPA-ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; LARVAL HOSTS AB Flowers of Japanese honeysuckle, Lonicera japonica Thunb., were found to support larval populations of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and com earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), in southwestern Georgia and northern Florida. However, larvae were not detected in samples taken during 1990 in southeastern Oklahoma and eastern Texas. This discovery constitutes a new host record for both H. virescens and H. zea. Studies conducted at 10 different sites in Tift County, Georgia, during 1988-1990 revealed that H. virescens populations peaked on Japanese honeysuckle during the F1 generation of April through May and again during August through September. H. zea larval populations occurred principally during August through September. Peak F1 larval populations of H. virescens on Japanese honeysuckle occurred at the same time as those on crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L., and wild geranium, Geranium carolinianum L. Both H. virescens and H. zea larvae were capable of developing on Japanese honeysuckle flowers in the laboratory. Although survivorship was lower, H. virescens also developed on Japanese honeysuckle leaves and berries. Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck was the principal species parasitizing H. virescens; parasitism of H. zea was negligible and Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) was the only species detected. M. croceipes was the primary parasitoid of H. virescens and H. zea larvae collected from crimson clover. Results of this study indicate that Japanese honeysuckle is an important early season host of H. virescens and an important late-season host for both H. virescens and H. zea when overwintering populations are developing. RP PAIR, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,POB 159,LANE,OK 74525, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 23 IS 4 BP 906 EP 911 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PC628 UT WOS:A1994PC62800018 ER PT J AU KORZUKHIN, MD PORTER, SD AF KORZUKHIN, MD PORTER, SD TI SPATIAL MODEL FOR TERRITORIAL COMPETITION AND POPULATION-DYNAMICS IN THE FIRE ANT SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TERRITORY GROWTH; BROOD RAIDING; COLONY FOUNDING ID COLONIES HYMENOPTERA; COMMUNITIES; LONGEVITY; BUREN AB We developed a simulation model of monogyne red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, populations that operates by competitive interactions of individual colony territories. This model describes six major aspects of colony life history: nest founding, brood raiding, territory expansion, queen death, possible requeening, and colony death. Individual colony territories are represented by rectangles, whose sides change independently depending upon the presence and size of neighboring colonies. Growing colonies try to occupy free space, while retaining square territorial dimensions whenever possible. The growth of fire ant populations in the model compared well with available field data. The model predicted that competitive exclusion caused by territorial interactions should occur when areas reach 70-90% territory coverage. Several computer experiments were conducted with the model to examine the importance of colony growth rate, brood raiding activity, and other parameters on the relative success of sequentially founding colony cohorts. A 1-wk advantage in founding generally increased the long-term survival of young colonies by 40-80%. We also examined the factors affecting average coverage of an area by colony territories. Maximum coverage was achieved under a continuous influx of 50 queens/(ha.wk) or a single settlement of 1000 queens/ha; both values were much less than actual magnitudes of queen influx observed in the field. RP KORZUKHIN, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 23 IS 4 BP 912 EP 922 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PC628 UT WOS:A1994PC62800019 ER PT J AU ELLSBURY, MM SCHUMACHER, TE GUSTIN, RD WOODSON, WD AF ELLSBURY, MM SCHUMACHER, TE GUSTIN, RD WOODSON, WD TI SOIL COMPACTION EFFECT ON CORN-ROOTWORM POPULATIONS IN MAIZE ARTIFICIALLY INFESTED WITH EGGS OF WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CORN ROOTWORMS; SOIL ECOLOGY; LARVAL SURVIVAL ID LARVAE COLEOPTERA; NORTHERN; SURVIVAL; MOVEMENT; TILLAGE AB Controlled infestation with eggs of western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, was used in a 2-yr study on the effects of wheel traffic-induced soil compaction on com rootworm establishment, survival, and larval injury to the roots of maize, Zea mays L. Root injury ratings and cumulative emergence of adults of western corn rootworms, as taken from emergence cages, were lowest in plots where eggs had been infested into compacted interrows. Measurements of soil bulk density, air-filled porosity, and air permeability were taken on core samples to characterize soil physical properties in relation to soil compaction. Lowest rootworm survival and injury coincided with higher bulk density, lower air-filled porosity, and lower air permeability values characteristic of soil from the compacted interrow plots. Survival and establishment of western corn rootworm larvae were associated with greater soil pore continuity in uncompacted plots. Soil compaction induced by controlled wheel traffic may have potential as a management strategy for reducing larval corn rootworm movement into strip intercropped maize adjacent to areas previously planted to maize and rotated into a crop that is not a host for corn rootworms. RP ELLSBURY, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,NO PLAINS AREA,RURAL ROUTE 3,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 23 IS 4 BP 943 EP 948 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PC628 UT WOS:A1994PC62800023 ER PT J AU ORR, DB LEWIS, LC OBRYCKI, JJ AF ORR, DB LEWIS, LC OBRYCKI, JJ TI BEHAVIOR AND SURVIVAL IN CORN PLANTS IN OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) LARVAE WHEN INFECTED WITH NOSEMA-PYRAUSTA (MICROSPORA, NOSEMATIDAE) AND PARASITIZED BY MACROCENTRUS-GRANDII (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; PATHOGEN PARASITOID INTERACTIONS; ZEA-MAYS ID BORER AB To clarify the interaction among the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, the parasitic wasp, Macrocentrus grandii, and the entomopathogen Nosema pyrausta, we examined behavior and survival in corn stems of O. nubilalis larvae infected with N. pyrausta and parasitized by M. grandii. Fifty-four percent of heavily infected, parasitize O. nubilalis larvae emigrated from their tunnels before emergence of parasitoid larvae and did not reestablish on corn plants. One-third as many heavily infected host larvae as noninfected larvae remained in tunnels until parasitoid larval emergence. The tunnels bored by infected, parasitized O. nubilalis larvae did not differ in length from those of noninfected parasitized larvae, suggesting that emigration behavioral changes occur after feeding. Parasitoid larval and pupal mortalities were greater in infected O. nubilalis hosts than in noninfected hosts. Greater than 46% of heavily infected M. grandii broods wandered instead of remaining clustered around host carcasses and pupating. This behavior accounted for almost almost-equal-to 40% of the observed mortality in infected parasitoids. Wandering was attributed to decreased production of cocoons by hosts, causing parasitoid larvae to search for suitable substrates on which to spin their own cocoons. Percentage emergence of M. grandii adults from com stalks was significantly lower in N. pyrausta-infected treatments, but the sex ratio of the parasitoid was unaffected by the level of host infection. The mean number of M. grandii adults per brood was reduced from 39.8 in the noninfected treatment to 10.5 in heavily infected larvae. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,CORN INSECTS RES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1020 EP 1024 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PC628 UT WOS:A1994PC62800035 ER PT J AU IGNOFFO, CM GARCIA, C AF IGNOFFO, CM GARCIA, C TI ANTIOXIDANT AND OXIDATIVE ENZYME EFFECTS ON THE INACTIVATION OF INCLUSION-BODIES OF THE HELIOTHIS BACULOVIRUS BY SIMULATED SUNLIGHT-UV SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELIOTHIS HELICOVERPA; UV-INACTIVATION; BACULOVIRUS ID ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; PHAGE DNA; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; INDUCTION; BACTERIAL; RADIATION; BREAKS; VIRUS AB The sunlight-UV (SUV) inactivation of field-applied viral and other microbial insecticides has been attributed to a direct effect on DNA or generation of highly reactive radicals, or both. Therefore, it may be possible to inhibit this inactivation by use of antioxidants or oxidative enzymes. Our objective was to determine whether antioxidants and oxidative enzymes would inhibit the UV inactivation of Baculovirus heliothis, a singly enveloped nucleopolyhedrosis virus (HzSNPV) of larvae of the Helicoverpal Heliothis complex. A series of blacklight fluorescent lamps, built into a temperature-control cabinet, were used to simulate the ultraviolet-A and ultraviolet-B spectrum of sunlight. Three antioxidants (propyl gallate, ascorbic acid, phenylthiocarbamide) all provided some level of UV protection of polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) of HzSNPV. Propyl gallate, however, provided the best protection of HzSNPV (0.2 mg/ml propyl gallate gave 99% UV protection of PIB). Fifty percent UV protection with propyl gallate, ascorbic acid or phenylthiocarbamide was obtained at 0.01 mg/ml, 1.0 mg/ml, or 0.068 mg/ml, respectively. Catalase was the best of three oxidative enzymes tested. The enzyme concentration required to provide 50% UV protection of HzSNPV with either catalase, superoxide dismutase, or peroxidase was 0.4 mg/ml, 2.3 mg/ml, or 3.8 mg/ml, respectively. The increased UV stability provided by an antioxidant or oxidative enzyme supports the hypothesis that reactive radicals, generated by SUV, can cause inactivation of field-applied viral and other microbial insecticides. Although the materials we used increased persistence of HzSNPV, none could be used practically to provide UV protection of commercial microbial insecticides. Others, however, might be used as spray-tank additives, or physically bonded to PIB to provide protection against SUV. RP IGNOFFO, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 12 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1025 EP 1029 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PC628 UT WOS:A1994PC62800036 ER PT J AU HUANG, WY URI, ND HANSEN, L AF HUANG, WY URI, ND HANSEN, L TI ASSESSING A FARMERS DECISION CONCERNING THE APPLICATION TIMING OF NITROGEN-FERTILIZER SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NITROGEN FERTILIZER; APPLICATION TIMING; PRODUCTION RISK; COTTON ID YIELD AB This paper is concerned with a farmer's decision on the timing of nitrogen fertilizer application. Analytical models are developed to determine the necessary conditions for the optimal timing of the application of nitrogen fertilizer. The models, coupled with an estimated cotton yield function, are used to assess a farmer's decision on the optimal application timing of nitrogen fertilizer in cotton production. The empirical results explain various observed application timings of nitrogen fertilizer being used in cotton production in Mississippi, USA, and provide an estimate of the cost to a farmer when he or she must comply with a restriction on the timing of the application of nitrogen fertilizer. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. OI Hansen, LeRoy/0000-0001-9038-2142 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0177-5146 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 24 IS 1 BP 43 EP 56 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA PE450 UT WOS:A1994PE45000007 ER PT J AU SANDERS, BM MARTIN, LS NAKAGAWA, PA HUNTER, DA MILLER, S ULLRICH, SJ AF SANDERS, BM MARTIN, LS NAKAGAWA, PA HUNTER, DA MILLER, S ULLRICH, SJ TI SPECIFIC CROSS-REACTIVITY OF ANTIBODIES RAISED AGAINST 2 MAJOR STRESS PROTEINS, STRESS-70 AND CHAPERONIN-60, IN DIVERSE SPECIES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Stress Proteins and the Environment, at the 1992 Annual SETAC Meeting CY 1992 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOC ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM DE STRESS-70; CHAPERONIN-60; STRESS PROTEINS; BIOMARKERS; ANTIBODIES ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; HSP70 MULTIGENE FAMILY; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; CELL; LOCALIZATION; BINDING; HSP60; INTERMEDIATE; AGGREGATION AB Immunoblot analysis using several antibodies raised against two major families of stress proteins, stress 70 and chaperonin 60 (cpn60), which are highly conserved in mammals, was carried out in diverse species often used in environmental research, including molluscs, annelids, crustaceans, echinoderms, and fish. The study revealed surprisingly different patterns of antibody cross-reactivity among species. The monoclonal anti-stress 70 antibody (mAb) C92 was the least cross-reactive for all species tested. The mAbs anti-stress 70 N27, BRM-22, and 3a3 were more broadly cross-reactive, but their binding specificities to stress 70 isoforms in the diverse species tested did not correlate with one another or follow taxonomic lines. The polyclonal anti-stress 70 antibody reacted to proteins in the 70 to 74 kDa range in all fish examined and in most invertebrates. When a polyclonal antibody (pAb) raised against cpn60 from a moth was used as a probe, specific binding was observed with proteins in the 60 to 64 kDa range in all fish examined and in most invertebrates. However, the size and number of isoforms that reacted with the pAb were species specific. These data suggest that these two major stress protein families are less highly conserved in invertebrates and fish than in mammals. Therefore, to minimize misinterpretation when using antibodies in heterologous assays with species in which the stress response has not been well characterized, it is important to determine which isoforms of stress 70 react with a particular antibody and to take into account the differential regulation of each member of this multigene family. C1 CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH,DEPT BIOL,LONG BEACH,CA 90840. ODENSE UNIV,INST BIOL,DK-5230 ODENSE,DENMARK. USDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP SANDERS, BM (reprint author), CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH,INST MOLEC ECOL,LONG BEACH,CA 90840, USA. NR 52 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 3 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1241 EP 1249 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[1241:SCOARA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA NZ712 UT WOS:A1994NZ71200005 ER PT J AU PALUMBO, SA WILLIAMS, AC AF PALUMBO, SA WILLIAMS, AC TI CONTROL OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES ON THE SURFACE OF FRANKFURTERS BY ACID TREATMENTS SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DESTRUCTION; MEAT-PRODUCTS; ACETIC-ACID; LACTIC-ACID; TEMPERATURE; POULTRY; SAUSAGE; FATE AB Small numbers of Listeria monocytogenes can be isolated from packaged frankfurters. Based on previous work from this laboratory, these L. monocytogenes cells undoubtedly represent surface recontamination during peeling and packaging. We investigated organic acid dips just prior to packaging as a secondary lethal step to destroy L. monocytogenes and observed both bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic effects depending on the concentration of acid used. Acetic acid when combined with citric acid (at 2.5% each) restricted the growth and development of L. monocytogenes on frankfurters stored vacuum-packaged at 5 degrees C for up to 90 days. Other acids individually, such as lactic acid (5%) and acetic acid (5%), also suppressed the organism. A dose response effect was observed for all acids tested. A simple 2 min, surface rinse in saline was adequate to remove L. monocytogenes from frankfurter surfaces and gave recoveries similar to a stomacher method. The acid treatments appeared to be lethal and did not injure the organism. Overall, organic acid treatments appear to provide a secondary lethal step in frankfurter processing and could be an additional factorin limiting the presence of L. monocytogenes in frankfurters. RP PALUMBO, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 21 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 11 IS 4 BP 293 EP 300 DI 10.1006/fmic.1994.1033 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA PF234 UT WOS:A1994PF23400005 ER PT J AU YODER, BJ RYAN, MG WARING, RH SCHOETTLE, AW KAUFMANN, MR AF YODER, BJ RYAN, MG WARING, RH SCHOETTLE, AW KAUFMANN, MR TI EVIDENCE OF REDUCED PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATES IN OLD TREES SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PINUS-PONDEROSA; PINUS-CONTORTA; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SENESCENCE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE ID SOIL-WATER CONTENT; STAND DEVELOPMENT; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; MODEL; AREA; CONDUCTIVITY; FOREST; FIR AB Wood production generally declines as forests age. The decrease in production has been attributed to higher respiration associated with increasing biomass, but direct measurements fail to support this assumption. An alternate hypothesis is that the growth decline is caused by reduced net photosynthesis. To test this hypothesis, we compared the net photosynthetic rates of foliage from trees that had ceased height growth with foliage from actively growing, mature trees. Results showed that net photosynthesis per unit area of 1-yr-old foliage from old Pinus contorta and P. ponderosa averaged 14-30% lower than the same-aged foliage from younger trees. Computer simulations from a previous study indicated that differences of this magnitude are sufficient to explain the lower wood production in old trees. The cause of the photosynthetic decline is not clear, but it did not appear to be due to a reduction in the maximum capacity for photosynthesis. Ratios of stable carbon isotopes from leaves and wood indicated a greater stomatal limitation of photosynthesis in older trees. A possible relationship between lower hydraulic conductance in the vascular systems of older trees leading to greater stomatal closure is discussed. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP YODER, BJ (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL FORESTRY,DEPT FOR SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Waring, Richared/C-4796-2014 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Waring, Richared/0000-0003-2533-3664 NR 40 TC 332 Z9 342 U1 12 U2 57 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 40 IS 3 BP 513 EP 527 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PC659 UT WOS:A1994PC65900008 ER PT J AU BROOKS, RT AF BROOKS, RT TI A REGIONAL-SCALE SURVEY AND ANALYSIS OF FOREST GROWTH AND MORTALITY AS AFFECTED BY SITE AND STAND FACTORS AND ACIDIC DEPOSITION SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FOREST SURVEY; SULFATE AND NITRATE DEPOSITION; BASAL AREA INCREMENT ID HEALTH AB Regression analyses were used to identify factors most closely related to species growth and mortality on continuous forest survey plots in Pennsylvania. In 1985, 200 plots with two prior measurements (in the 1960s and 1970s) were selected and measured for a third time to determine periodic forest growth and mortality rates. Growth and mortality were analyzed for temporal change and for relationship to site, stand, defoliation, and climatic factors and to wet atmospheric deposition. While basal area growth increased oyer the two intersurvey periods, growth rates declined and mortality rates increased from the first to the second intersurvey period. Growth and mortality patterns were most frequently related to stocking, defoliation by insects, and drought. Neither sulfate nor nitrate deposition for the years 1982-1985 was determined to be a major influence on tree growth or mortality. RP BROOKS, RT (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 40 IS 3 BP 543 EP 557 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PC659 UT WOS:A1994PC65900010 ER PT J AU VALENTINE, HT BALDWIN, VC GREGOIRE, TG BURKHART, HE AF VALENTINE, HT BALDWIN, VC GREGOIRE, TG BURKHART, HE TI SURROGATES FOR FOLIAR DRY-MATTER IN LOBLOLLY-PINE SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BASAL AREA; CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA AT CROWN BASE; LIVE-CROWN RATIO; MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION; PIPE MODEL ID BIOMASS; MODEL; STAND AB Surrogates of foliar dry matter of trees commonly are used in applications of modeling and sampling. Some surrogates are linearly related to foliar dry matter. In this study, the linear relation between foliar dry matter (F) and cross-sectional area of the bole at the base of the five crown (A) was examined in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). In addition, a linear relation was established between F and BR, where B is the cross-sectional area of the bole at breast height, and R is the ratio: (length of the five crown)/(tree height minus breast height). Slopes (c1 and c2) of linear models (F = c1 A and F = c2 BR) were estimated with maximum likelihood procedures with data gathered in: (1) June through mid-August 1984, in central Louisiana, (2) August and September 1991, in Virginia and North Carolina, and (3) August and September 1992, in central Louisiana. The estimates of both c1 and c2 obtained from data gathered in June through mid-August were greater than the estimates obtained from the two sets of data gathered in August and September. The estimate of c2 was as precise as the estimate of cl obtained from each of the three sets of data. BR appears to be as good a surrogate for F as A. Linear relations between foliar dry matter and cross-sectional area of first-order branches in lower, middle, and upper crown strata also were examined. Branches in the lower stratum had less foliar dry matter per unit of cross-sectional area than branches in the other two strata. C1 US FOREST SERV,ALEXANDRIA FORESTRY CTR,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,COLL FORESTRY & WILDLIFE RESOURCES,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP VALENTINE, HT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,LOUIS C WYMAN FOREST SCI LAB,POB 640,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 17 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 40 IS 3 BP 576 EP 585 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PC659 UT WOS:A1994PC65900012 ER PT J AU WAYCOTT, W FORT, SB AF WAYCOTT, W FORT, SB TI DIFFERENTIATION OF NEARLY IDENTICAL GERMPLASM ACCESSIONS BY A COMBINATION OF MOLECULAR AND MORPHOLOGIC ANALYSES SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE GENETIC RESOURCES; PHENETICS; LETTUCE; RAPD; MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; GENETIC-VARIATION; RFLP ANALYSIS; MARKERS; LYCOPERSICON; DIVERSITY AB Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to study the extent of redundancy (duplication of genetic materials) within a genetic resources collection. Nine nearly phenotypically and identical accessions of butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were assayed for their genetic identities. A nonuniform, heterogeneous butterhead line and a crisphead cultivar were added for population comparison. PCR amplification using 13 oligonucleotide primers generated 93 polymorphic bands. The percentage of segregating bands was used to determine within-line variation; values ranged from 0.0 to 12.0%, except for the nonuniform line at 22.6%. Between-line similarity was measured using similarity coefficients and ranged from 0.919 to 0.985. The relationship between the crisphead accession and a composite of all butterhead accessions was 0.84. Selfed progeny of each line were measured for morphological uniformity. The variation obtained from these biological data was compared with variation detected at the DNA level and each was positively correlated. Results demonstrate that RAPD analyses may serve as a major source of information for separation of closely related accessions, especially when integrated with phenotypic measures. C1 USDA ARS,VEGETABLE PROD RES UNIT,AGR RES STN,SALINAS,CA 93905. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD AUG PY 1994 VL 37 IS 4 BP 577 EP 583 DI 10.1139/g94-082 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA PE349 UT WOS:A1994PE34900009 PM 18470101 ER PT J AU JELLEN, EN GILL, BS COX, TS AF JELLEN, EN GILL, BS COX, TS TI GENOMIC IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION DIFFERENTIATES BETWEEN A/D-GENOME AND C-GENOME CHROMATIN AND DETECTS INTERGENOMIC TRANSLOCATIONS IN POLYPLOID OAT SPECIES (GENUS AVENA) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE AVENA SATIVA; OAT; IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; C-BANDING; AVENA MACROSTACHYA ID NUCLEOLAR ACTIVITY; PARENTAL GENOMES; MACROSTACHYA; HYBRIDS; WHEAT; CHROMOSOMES; MOROCCO; KANOTA AB The genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique was used to discriminate between chromosomes of the C genome and those of the A and A/D genomes in allopolyploid oat species (genus Avena). Total biotinylated DNA from A. strigosa (2n = 2x = 14, AsAs genome) was mixed with sheared, unlabelled total DNA from A. eriantha (2n = 2x = 14, CpCp) at a ratio of 1:200 (labelled to unlabelled). The resulting hybridization pattern consisted of 28 mostly labelled and 14 mostly unlabelled chromosomes in the hexaploids. Attempts to discriminate between chromosomes of the A and D genomes in A. sativa (2n = 6x = 42, AACCDD) were unsuccessful using GISH. At least eight intergenomic translocation segments were detected in A. sativa 'Ogle', several of which were not observed in A. byzantina 'Kanota' (2n = 6x = 42, AACCDD) or in A. sterilis CW 439-2 (2n = 6x = 42, AACCDD). At least five intergenomic translocation segments were observed in A. maroccana CI 8330 'Magna' (2n = 4x = 28, AACC). In both 'Ogle' and 'Magna', positions of most of these translocations matched with C-banding patterns. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,CTR WHEAT GENET RESOURCE,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP JELLEN, EN (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & ENTOMOL RES UNIT,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 28 TC 94 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD AUG PY 1994 VL 37 IS 4 BP 613 EP 618 DI 10.1139/g94-087 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA PE349 UT WOS:A1994PE34900014 PM 18470105 ER PT J AU DEGRAFF, JV AF DEGRAFF, JV TI THE GEOMORPHOLOGY OF SOME DEBRIS FLOWS IN THE SOUTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA, CALIFORNIA SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Binghamton Symposium in Geomorphology CY SEP 24-25, 1994 CL SUNY, BINGHAMTON, NY HO SUNY AB Debris flows are one of the natural hazards present in the southern Sierra Nevada of California. Historic debris flow activity is documented at a USDA Forest Service research facility in the Kings River drainage related to a 1937 storm event. No subsequent study of this phenomenon was undertaken until 1982. Observations of debris flows over the succeeding 10 years offer an initial assessment of the physical geomorphology of debris flows in this area. This information provides a starting point for future efforts to avoid or limit the effect of this natural hazard. Observations were made in the Tuolumne, Merced, San Joaquin, and Kings River drainages. Of the twenty-six debris flows observed, six were examined in detail to provide specific data on this phenomenon. Triggering events for debris flows in the southern Sierra Nevada include intense rainfall, rain-on-snow storms, and seasonal melting of heavy snowpacks. Movement typically occurs at depths between 0.3 and 5 m below ground surface. This is representative of depths for the three interfaces associated with initiation of movement: (1) at the base of the root zone, (2) at the contact of well-weathered and less-weathered soil, and (3) at the contact between soil and unweathered bedrock. Measurement of debris flow velocity based on indirect methods found values ranging from 2.6 m/s to 7.2 m/s (9 km/h to 26 km/h). Recurrence intervals based on radiocarbon dates are between 425 and 500 years BP. Roads and other land use investments have suffered damage from debris flow activity during the 1982 to 1993 period. Stump Springs road in the San Joaquin river drainage required US$1.4 million to repair damage primarily from 1982 debris flows. The threat to life arising from debris flows is illustrated by the consequences of vegetation losses from wildfire near El Portal, California. The projected population growth with associated increased infrastructure raises concern for greater impacts from future debris flow occurrence in the southern Sierra Nevada. RP DEGRAFF, JV (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SIERRA NATL FOREST,1600 TOLLHOUSE RD,CLOVIS,CA 93611, USA. NR 0 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD AUG PY 1994 VL 10 IS 1-4 BP 231 EP 252 DI 10.1016/0169-555X(94)90019-1 PG 22 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA PE617 UT WOS:A1994PE61700018 ER PT J AU SIMANOWSKI, UA SUTER, P RUSSELL, RM HELLER, M WALDHERR, R WARD, R PETERS, TJ SMITH, D SEITZ, HK AF SIMANOWSKI, UA SUTER, P RUSSELL, RM HELLER, M WALDHERR, R WARD, R PETERS, TJ SMITH, D SEITZ, HK TI ENHANCEMENT OF ETHANOL-INDUCED RECTAL MUCOSAL HYPER REGENERATION WITH AGE IN F344 RATS SO GUT LA English DT Article ID EPITHELIAL-CELL PROLIFERATION; CONSUMPTION; CANCER; ALCOHOL; ACETALDEHYDE; COLON AB Experimental studies in rats have shown an independent stimulation of rectal cell turnover by either chronic ethanol consumption or age. In this study the combined effect of these two factors on colorectal cell regeneration has been investigated. Ninety male F344 rats aged 2, 12, and 22 months were pair fed nutritionally adequate liquid diets containing 36% of total energy either as ethanol or isoenergetic carbohydrates. After four weeks of feeding, colorectal crypt cell production rates were measured using a stathmokinetic technique with vincristine. While age by itself did not affect colorectal cell renewal, chronic ethanol consumption stimulated rectal, but not colonic crypt cell production rate in an age dependent manner. While no significant effect of ethanol was noted in young animals, cell proliferation was significantly enhanced in middle aged animals by 81% (4.1 (2.7-5.5) v 7.4 (6,0-8.7) cells/crypt/hour, p<0.001) and in old animals by 138% (4.5 (3.3-5.6) v 10.7 (8.9-12.4) cells/crypt/hour, p<0.001) after ethanol ingestion. Because acetaldehyde, the first and most toxic metabolite of ethanol, has been detected in the colorectal mucosa and may lead to tissue injury influencing cell regeneration, acetaldehyde concentrations have been measured in the colons of 15 male F344 rats of various ages after an acute intraperitoneal dose of ethanol (2.5 g/kg bodyweight). There was a significant positive correlation between crypt cell production rate and acetaldehyde concentrations measured in the distal and proximal colon after an acute dose of ethanol (r=0.5955, p<0.005). These data clearly show that the ethanol mediated stimulation of cell regeneration in the rectum is age dependent. As reported earlier, there was found indirect evidence that acetaldehyde participates in the pathogenesis of rectal hyperregeneration after chronic alcohol consumption. This hyperregeneration of the rectal mucosa after alcohol drinking could by itself favour carcinogenesis, which is especially relevant in old age. C1 SALEM MED CTR,DEPT MED,ALCOHOL RES LIVER DIS & NUTR LAB,W-6900 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. UNIV HEIDELBERG,DEPT PATHOL,W-6900 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV LONDON KINGS COLL,DEPT CLIN BIOCHEM,LONDON WC2R 2LS,ENGLAND. NR 37 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 2 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0017-5749 J9 GUT JI Gut PD AUG PY 1994 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1102 EP 1106 DI 10.1136/gut.35.8.1102 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA NZ823 UT WOS:A1994NZ82300020 PM 7926914 ER PT J AU GLENN, DM PETERSON, DL GIOVANNINI, D FAUST, M AF GLENN, DM PETERSON, DL GIOVANNINI, D FAUST, M TI MECHANICAL THINNING OF PEACHES IS EFFECTIVE POSTBLOOM SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SPIKED-DRUM SHAKER; IMPACT SHAKER; PRUNUS-PERSICA ID DESICCATING CHEMICALS; BLOOM AB Hand-thinning (Prunus persica L. Batsch) ''Y''-trained peach trees at bloom and 51 days after full bloom (DAFB) was compared to mechanical fruit thinning 51 DAFB using a spiked-drum and an impact shaker. The spiked-drum shaker removed more fruit from horizontal branches than from vertical branches, yet did not selectively remove either large or small fruit. Bloom thinning by hand increased fruit size compared to postbloom thinning 51 DAFB, and both postbloom mechanical thinning techniques were as effective as postbloom hand thinning. The spiked-drum shaker may be a better thinning technique than the impact shaker because it transfers less shaking energy to the fruit, can be used in high-density plantings, and does not contact the trunk, lessening the potential for tree damage. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP GLENN, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1994 VL 29 IS 8 BP 850 EP 853 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PA485 UT WOS:A1994PA48500002 ER PT J AU ODDIRAJU, VG BEYL, CA BARKER, PA STUTTE, GW AF ODDIRAJU, VG BEYL, CA BARKER, PA STUTTE, GW TI CONTAINER SIZE ALTERS ROOT-GROWTH OF WESTERN BLACK-CHERRY AS MEASURED VIA IMAGE-ANALYSIS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ROOT QUANTIFICATION; DIGITIZATION; IMAGE PROCESSING ID ZONE VOLUME; CULTURE; TOMATO AB Microcuttings of three western black cherry (Prunus serotina var. virens Ehrh.) phenotypes obtained from seedling trees with profuse or scant root systems were grown in two container sizes to examine the early effects of root constraint. Because manual methods to estimate root length and other characteristics are time consuming and subjective, an image analysis hardware and software system (image capture and analysis system) was used to classify and measure the roots. There was a significant effect of clone on fine-root surface area, coarse : fine root ratio, and root dry weight (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05), but root characteristics (profuse or scant root development) of the parent material were absent in the vegetative propagules from these lines. Container size had no significant effect on coarse- or fine-root surface area but did reduce coarse : fine root ratio (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05). A threshold effect of container size on root dry weight was detected (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.1). C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,BERKELEY,CA. RP ODDIRAJU, VG (reprint author), ALABAMA A&M UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,NORMAL,AL 35762, USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1994 VL 29 IS 8 BP 910 EP 913 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PA485 UT WOS:A1994PA48500020 ER PT J AU WATERWORTH, HE AF WATERWORTH, HE TI VIRUSES DETECTED IN STONE FRUIT GERMPLASM ENTERING THE UNITED-STATES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE PRUNUS; PLANT QUARANTINE; PLUM POX; VIRUS INDEXING RP WATERWORTH, HE (reprint author), USDA ARS,11601 OLD POND DR,GLENN DALE,MD 20769, USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1994 VL 29 IS 8 BP 917 EP 917 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PA485 UT WOS:A1994PA48500023 ER PT J AU RUSSO, VM PAPPELIS, AJ AF RUSSO, VM PAPPELIS, AJ TI CELL-DEATH PATTERNS IN STALKS OF A SUPERSWEET SWEET CORN CULTIVAR SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE SENESCENCE; CELL DEATH RATING; PLANTING DATE; ZEA-MAYS ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME C1 SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT PLANT BIOL,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. RP RUSSO, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,POB 159,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1994 VL 29 IS 8 BP 919 EP 919 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PA485 UT WOS:A1994PA48500025 ER PT J AU GUPTON, CL SPIERS, JM DRAPER, AD AF GUPTON, CL SPIERS, JM DRAPER, AD TI COOPER AND GULFCOAST SOUTHERN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE VACCINIUM-CORYMBOSUM; VACCINIUM-DARROWI; FRUIT BREEDING C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP GUPTON, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SMALL FRUIT RES STN,POPLARVILLE,MS 39470, USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1994 VL 29 IS 8 BP 923 EP 924 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PA485 UT WOS:A1994PA48500029 ER PT J AU NAM, KS KING, JW AF NAM, KS KING, JW TI COUPLED SFE/SFC/GC FOR THE TRACE ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE-RESIDUES IN FATTY FOOD SAMPLES SO HRC-JOURNAL OF HIGH RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION (SFE); SUPERCRITICAL FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (SFC); GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY (GC); ONLINE ANALYSIS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; FATTY FOOD SAMPLES ID SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXTRACTION; LC-GC; ORGANOCHLORINE; SYSTEMS AB An on-line SFE-chromatographic system, where SFE has been coupled with SFC and GC, was developed and utilized for trace analyses of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues from gram-sized complex sample matrices, such as chicken fat, ground beef, and lard. The SFE process and chromatographic techniques were instrumentally integrated for efficient and automated on-line analysis, having minimal sample handling between the sample preparation and separation steps. A cleanup step, incorporating packed column SFC, allowed the fractionation of relatively small-sized, non-polar pesticides from the co-extracted fatty materials. This permitted final high-resolution separation of analytes on a capillary GC column. Detection of pesticides was accomplished using selective electron-capture and nitrogen-phosphorus detectors. Pesticide concentrations determined with the on-line system were accurate and reproducible, for fatty samples containing both fortified and incurred pesticides. This method, utilizing supercritical carbon dioxide, was considerably faster and less laborious than the conventional analytical procedures based on liquid extraction. RP NAM, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 3 PU DR ALFRED HUTHIG VERLAG GMBH PI HEIDELBERG 1 PA POSTFACH 102869, W-69018 HEIDELBERG 1, GERMANY SN 0935-6304 J9 HRC-J HIGH RES CHROM JI HRC-J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 17 IS 8 BP 577 EP 582 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA PJ134 UT WOS:A1994PJ13400002 ER PT J AU RANGO, A AF RANGO, A TI APPLICATION OF REMOTE-SENSING METHODS TO HYDROLOGY AND WATER-RESOURCES SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article AB A brief review of research in remote sensing of water resources indicates that there are many positive results, and some techniques have been applied operationally. Currently, remote sensing data are being used operationally in precipitation estimates, soil moisture measurements for irrigation scheduling, snow water equivalent and snow cover extent assessments, seasonal and short term snowmelt runoff forecasts, and surface water inventories. In the next decade other operational applications are likely using remote measurements of land cover, sediment loads, erosion, groundwater, and areal inputs to hydrological models. Many research challenges remain, and significant progress is expected in areas like albedo measurements, energy budgets, and evapotranspiration estimation. The research in remote sensing and water resources also has much relevance for related studies of climate change and global habitability. RP RANGO, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU IAHS PRESS, INST HYDROLOGY PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O SARAH CAGE, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0262-6667 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 39 IS 4 BP 309 EP 320 DI 10.1080/02626669409492752 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA PA872 UT WOS:A1994PA87200002 ER PT J AU STEVENS, MG OLSEN, SC PUGH, GW PALMER, MV AF STEVENS, MG OLSEN, SC PUGH, GW PALMER, MV TI IMMUNE AND PATHOLOGICAL RESPONSES IN MICE INFECTED WITH BRUCELLA-ABORTUS-19, BRUCELLA-ABORTUS-RB51, OR BRUCELLA-ABORTUS-2308 SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL MURINE BRUCELLOSIS; BALB/C MICE; MUTANT STRAINS; MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION; ROUGH; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; SURVIVAL; VIRULENT; PROTEINS; COMPLEX AB Immune and pathologic responses were measured for 20 weeks after infection of mice with Brucella abortus 19, RB51, or 2308. Live bacteria and bacterial antigens of 19 and RB51 persisted in spleens for 10 and 4 weeks after infection, respectively, whereas 2308 bacteria and bacterial antigens persisted for at least 20 weeks. Small germinal centers and profound lymphoid depletion occurred in spleens of mice during the first 4 weeks of infection with strain 19 or 2308; however, mice infected with strain RB51 had much larger germinal centers but no lymphoid depletion. At 4 weeks, only spleen cells from RB51-infected mice proliferated when incubated with 2308 bacteria. Large germinal centers in the spleen and spleen cell proliferative responses to 2308 did not appear in strain 19-infected mice until 6 weeks or in strain 2308-infected mice until 10 weeks. Similar proliferative responses to 2308 occurred in mice infected with strain 19 or RB51 at 6 weeks and in mice infected with strain 19, RB51, or 2308 at 10 weeks. However, at 20 weeks, spleen cell proliferative responses to 2308 occurred in mice infected with strain 19 or 2308 but not in mice infected with strain RB51. Mice infected with strain RB51 had lower and less persistent antibody titers to 2308 than did mice infected with strain 19 or 2308. Collectively, these results indicate that RB51-infected mice have less persistent immune responses to 2308 than do mice infected with 19 or 2308. The shorter duration of the responses probably resulted because RB51 is considerably less pathogenic and is cleared more rapidly from mice than are 19 and 2308. RP STEVENS, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 27 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 62 IS 8 BP 3206 EP 3212 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA NY872 UT WOS:A1994NY87200023 PM 8039890 ER PT J AU KOGUT, MH MCGRUDER, ED HARGIS, BM CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR AF KOGUT, MH MCGRUDER, ED HARGIS, BM CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR TI DYNAMICS OF AVIAN INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO SALMONELLA-IMMUNE LYMPHOKINES - CHANGES IN AVIAN BLOOD LEUKOCYTE POPULATIONS SO INFLAMMATION LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS; TYPHIMURIUM INFECTION; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; MURINE SALMONELLOSIS; ENHANCED RESISTANCE; GAMMA-INTERFERON; FACTOR-ALPHA AB Investigations in our laboratories have indicated that an increased resistance to SE organ infectivity in chicks was conferred by the immunoprophylactic administration of SE-immune lymphokines (SE-ILK). This resistance was associated with an increase in the lamina propria thickness due to a marked infiltration of inflammatory polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). In the present study, we determined whether the hematological profile of SE-ILK-treated chicks might reflect changes that are associated with the protection against organ invasion by SE, As protection has been observed in previous studies within 24 h of SE-ILK administration, we evaluated alterations in the circulating leukocyte profile in 1-day-old Leghorn chicks during this time period. We also determined whether the alterations in the peripheral blood leukocytes correlated with the increased protection against SE organ invasion induced by the SE-ILK. Within 4 h after an intraperitoneal injection of SE-ILK and challenge with SE, the number of circulating leukocytes increased significantly (P < 0.05) from all of the other treatment groups. The number of circulating PMNs was found to account for more than 80% of the increase in the number of circulating leukocytes. Using correlation analysis, we found a strong association between the number of circulating PMNs and the protection induced by SE-ILK against SE organ invasion. These studies associate the expansion of the available pool of circulating PMNs and the expression of innate resistance to organ invasion by SE. RP KOGUT, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 58 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0360-3997 J9 INFLAMMATION JI Inflammation PD AUG PY 1994 VL 18 IS 4 BP 373 EP 388 DI 10.1007/BF01534435 PG 16 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA PA614 UT WOS:A1994PA61400004 PM 7982728 ER PT J AU HACKNEY, JM ATALLA, RH VANDERHART, DL AF HACKNEY, JM ATALLA, RH VANDERHART, DL TI MODIFICATION OF CRYSTALLINITY AND CRYSTALLINE-STRUCTURE OF ACETOBACTER-XYLINUM CELLULOSE IN THE PRESENCE OF WATER-SOLUBLE BETA-1,4-LINKED POLYSACCHARIDES - C-13-NMR EVIDENCE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Note DE ACETOBACTER XYLINUM; CRYSTALLINITY; HEMICELLULOSES ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NATIVE CELLULOSE; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; CELL-WALL; NMR; TRANSFORMATION AB Cellulose produced by Acetobacter xylinum in medium containing 0.5% xyloglucan or glucomannan showed altered crystallinities and shifted I-alpha/I-beta ratios when analysed by solid-state C-13-NMR. By estimating the spectra of cellulose components in each composite, a decreased I-alpha content was shown to be countered by increased I-beta content in cellulose aggregated in the presence of xyloglucan, causing minimal loss of crystallinity. However, the I-alpha decrease was linked primarily to increased disordered content in cellulose produced in medium containing glucomannan. These results are considered in the light of two models for the morphological disposition of the I-alpha phase: (i) a series model, proposed on the basis of electron diffraction measurements for an algal cellulose, in which regions of I-alpha and I-beta alternate along the length of a microfibril, and (ii) a superlattice model, in which the I-alpha and I-beta domains co-exist throughout the cross-section of each microfibril and form as a result of hierarchical aggregation. The latter model offers clearer insight into the role of the polysaccharides in inhibiting the formation of I-alpha crystalline regions. In this superlattice model, polysaccharides adsorbed on surfaces of the most elementary aggregates are displaced to varying degrees during subsequent aggregation, with the presence of these polysaccharides altering the extent of I-alpha production at interfaces. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NIST,DIV 440,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 25 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 10 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0141-8130 J9 INT J BIOL MACROMOL JI Int. J. Biol. Macromol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 16 IS 4 BP 215 EP 218 DI 10.1016/0141-8130(94)90053-1 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA PL945 UT WOS:A1994PL94500007 PM 7848969 ER PT J AU GAO, XM PERCHELLET, EM GALI, HU RODRIGUEZ, L HEMINGWAY, RW PERCHELLET, JP AF GAO, XM PERCHELLET, EM GALI, HU RODRIGUEZ, L HEMINGWAY, RW PERCHELLET, JP TI ANTITUMOR-PROMOTING ACTIVITY OF OLIGOMERIC PROANTHOCYANIDINS IN MOUSE EPIDERMIS IN-VIVO SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CONDENSED TANNINS; ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE; HYDROPEROXIDES; MACROMOLECULE SYNTHESIS; SKIN TUMOR PROMOTION ID ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY; HYDROPEROXIDE PRODUCTION; TUMOR PROMOTION; GREEN TEA; XANTHINE-OXIDASE; HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS; MURINE EPIDERMIS; IN-VIVO; SKIN; 12-O-TETRADECANOYLPHORBOL-13-ACETATE AB The flavanoid catechin and heterogenous samples of oligomeric proanthocyanidins extracted from various sources were compared for their ability to inhibit the biochemical and biological effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in mouse epidermis in vivo. Topical applications of catechin fail to alter the hydroperoxide response to TPA but inhibit the induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and, to a lesser degree, the stimulation of RNA, protein, and DNA synthesis caused by this tumor promoter. Under similar conditions, condensed tannins (CTs) from guamuchil, loblolly pine, and southern red oak barks inhibit to various degrees all these biochemical markers of TPA promotion. The most effective antioxidant, loblolly pine bark CT, also inhibits TPA-induced ODC activity and macromolecule synthesis to a much greater degree than catechin or the other CTs tested. Pecan nut pith CT, however, has no inhibitory activity in this system. Pretreatments with 4 and 12 mg of loblolly pine bark CT remarkably inhibit the incidence and yield of skin tumors promoted by TPA in initiated mice, whereas similar doses of catechin are ineffective. Loblolly pine bark CT inhibits the 2nd rather than the 1st stage of tumor promotion. In contrast to their monomer units, therefore, some naturally occurring polyflavanoids have antioxidant activities and may be valuable against tumor propagation but their efficacy may vary considerably depending on their origin and structure. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DIV BIOL,ANTI-CANC DRUG LAB,ACKERT HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT JOURNAL ONCOLOGY PI ATHENS PA C/O PROFESSOR D A SPANDIDOS, EDITORIAL OFFICE, 1, S MERKOURI ST, ATHENS 116 35, GREECE SN 1019-6439 J9 INT J ONCOL JI Int. J. Oncol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 5 IS 2 BP 285 EP 292 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA NY136 UT WOS:A1994NY13600021 PM 21559587 ER PT J AU KRAMMER, GE TAKEOKA, GR BUTTERY, RG AF KRAMMER, GE TAKEOKA, GR BUTTERY, RG TI ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF 2,5-DIMETHYL-4-HYDROXY-3(2H)-FURANONE GLUCOSIDE FROM TOMATOES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE TOMATO; LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM; 2,5-DIMETHYL-4-HYDROXY-3(2H)FURANONE BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; FURANEOL; COUNTERCURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY ID AROMA; STRAWBERRIES; PINEAPPLES; FURANEOL; FLAVOR; FRUIT C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 14 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1595 EP 1597 DI 10.1021/jf00044a001 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PD698 UT WOS:A1994PD69800001 ER PT J AU ABBOTT, TP WU, YV CARLSON, KD SLODKI, ME KLEIMAN, R AF ABBOTT, TP WU, YV CARLSON, KD SLODKI, ME KLEIMAN, R TI ISOLATION AND PRELIMINARY CHARACTERIZATION OF LESQUERELLA-FENDLERI GUMS FROM SEED, PRESSCAKE, AND DEFATTED MEAL SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE LESQUERELLA; GUM; MUCILAGE; PECTIC; URONIC; POLYSACCHARIDE ID POLYSACCHARIDES; ACIDS AB Polysaccharide gums were separate from Lesquerella fendleri seed. Fracturing the seed and air classification yielded, 34% by weight, fractions enriched in gums. Water-swollen epidermal seed cells, after fracturing in a Waring Blendor and filtering, yielded a fraction that is 21% of the seed. Crude gums from hexane-extracted meal ranged from 35 to 47% depending on the amount of centrifugal force used to remove seed residue. Viscosity enhancement was greatest for the gums isolated from the fractured epidermal cells and for a gel fraction separated by a two-step process. A typical gum has a Rha:Ara:Xyl:Man:Gal:Glc molar ratio of 0.5:1.0:0.1:0.1:1.4:0.5 and contains 15% galacturonosyl residues, 14% protein, and 7% ash that is mainly Ca and Mg, which may serve as cross-linking cations for the uronic acid residues. Protein is associated with the polysaccharide at a level of 10-33% in various isolates. C1 USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. RP USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, NEW CROPS RES UNIT, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1678 EP 1685 DI 10.1021/jf00044a018 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PD698 UT WOS:A1994PD69800018 ER PT J AU MULDOON, MT NELSON, JO AF MULDOON, MT NELSON, JO TI PESTICIDE WASTE TREATMENT MONITORING OF S-TRIAZINES USING IMMUNOASSAY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ATRAZINE; BIODEGRADATION; ELISA ID ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; DISPOSAL SYSTEM; ATRAZINE; BIODEGRADATION; WATER; SOIL; DEGRADATION; HERBICIDES; OZONATION; RINSATE AB Pesticide waste disposal monitoring currently utilizes conventional methods of analysis such as gas-liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISAs) have been developed for s-triazine herbicides and many of their environmental degradation products. This paper reports the use of an s-triazine herbicide class-specific ELISA in conjunction with an ELISA for the intermediate product chlorodiamino-s-triazine (CAAT) for measuring s-triazine herbicide ozonation followed by microbiological treatment. For the treatment of atrazine, the ELISAs were very accurate and precise for measuring atrazine and CAAT. The geometric mean regression equation of the amount found by ELISA on the amount found by HPLC for both analytes was Y = 1.12X - 7.13, standard error = 0.038 mu M, R = 0.95, df = 43. The information obtained by the two ELISAs could be used for treatment process control. This ELISA system may save time and expense in s-triazine herbicide treatment monitoring applications. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1686 EP 1692 DI 10.1021/jf00044a019 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PD698 UT WOS:A1994PD69800019 ER PT J AU NEWTON, M HORNER, LM COWELL, JE WHITE, DE COLE, EC AF NEWTON, M HORNER, LM COWELL, JE WHITE, DE COLE, EC TI DISSIPATION OF GLYPHOSATE AND AMINOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID IN NORTH-AMERICAN FORESTS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GLYPHOSATE; AMINOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID (AMPA); WATER CONTAMINATION; SOIL RESIDUES; LITTER; FOLIAGE; SEDIMENTS; DEGRADATION AB Residues of glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) were followed on three forested sites in Oregon, Michigan, and Georgia. Eight-hectare residual stands of low-quality hardwoods were treated with 4.12 kg/ha glyphosate ae applied aerially in late summer. Residues were highest in upper crown foliage. Overstory reduced exposure of understory vegetation and streams. Residues in streams were close to the detection limit or undetectable in 3-14 days. Residues in soils were highest where cover was sparse and where litter was removed. No residues were detectable in soil 409 days after treatment; movement below 15 cm was negligible. AMPA appeared at low levels in all degrading matrices, including sediments, soon after deposition of glyphosate. In pond sediments, both glyphosate and AMPA remained bound and inactive. Residue concentrations in foliage, water, and soil were below levels known to be biologically fauna. C1 MONSANTO CO,ST LOUIS,MO 63167. US FOREST SERV,ROSEBURG,OR 97470. RP NEWTON, M (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 16 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1795 EP 1802 DI 10.1021/jf00044a043 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PD698 UT WOS:A1994PD69800043 ER PT J AU NOVAK, JM MOORMAN, TB KARLEN, DL AF NOVAK, JM MOORMAN, TB KARLEN, DL TI INFLUENCE OF SOIL AGGREGATE SIZE ON ATRAZINE SORPTION KINETICS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE AGGREGATE; ATRAZINE; SORPTION; KINETICS ID TRANSPORT; PICLORAM AB Soil aggregate size may be an important physical property regulating herbicide behavior; however, little information exists to evaluate this effect. The influence of aggregate size on atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] sorption coefficients (K-d) and sorption kinetics is investigated by batch equilibration using a suite of whole (0-5 mm) and crushed (<0.4 mm) aggregates isolated from two Iowa soils. Atrazine K-d values for both whole and crushed aggregates equilibrated for 72 h ranged between 3.02 and 4.09. Although significant differences occurred when size classes within soil type were compared, the magnitude of the aggregate effects on atrazine K-d values appears to be minor. Time-course experiments for atrazine sorption by whole aggregates analyzed using a modified first-order regression equation indicated that sorption was initially rapid (within 24 h), followed by a period of slower sorption. Aggregate size influenced the rate constants somewhat, but the effects also were minor. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP NOVAK, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL WATER & PLANT RES CTR,POB 3039,FLORENCE,SC 29502, USA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1809 EP 1812 DI 10.1021/jf00044a045 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PD698 UT WOS:A1994PD69800045 ER PT J AU HARRIS, DL WILLHAM, RL DICKERSON, GE AF HARRIS, DL WILLHAM, RL DICKERSON, GE TI HAZEL,LANOY,N., 1911-1992 - A BRIEF BIOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Item About an Individual C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1923 EP 1926 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PB116 UT WOS:A1994PB11600001 PM 7982818 ER PT J AU KRIESE, LA VANVLECK, LD GREGORY, KE BOLDMAN, KG CUNDIFF, LV KOCH, RM AF KRIESE, LA VANVLECK, LD GREGORY, KE BOLDMAN, KG CUNDIFF, LV KOCH, RM TI ESTIMATES OF GENETIC-PARAMETERS FOR 320-DAY PELVIC MEASUREMENTS OF MALES AND FEMALES AND CALVING EASE OF 2-YEAR-OLD FEMALES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PELVIC TRAITS; CALVING; HERITABILITY; GENETIC CORRELATION; ANIMAL MODELS ID RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; BEEF-CATTLE; ANIMAL-MODELS; HEIFERS; AREA; HERITABILITIES; DYSTOCIA; SIZE; DIFFICULTY; WEIGHT AB Records from 12 breed groups collected from 1983 to 1991, included in the Germ Plasm Utilization project at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, were analyzed separately by breed group and combined to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations for 320-d male and female pelvic width, height, and area, and for 320-d male pelvic and female 2-yr-old calving ease. Calving ease was analyzed as a trait of the dam using 1) actual and 2) binary scale calving ease scores with-a covariate of calf birth weight. A bivariate animal model and derivative-free REML incorporating sparse matrix techniques were used. When breed groups were analyzed separately, heritability estimates of male and female 320-d pelvic traits varied by breed group and sex. Average genetic correlations between male and female 320-d pelvic width, pelvic height, and pelvic area were large and positive. When breed groups were combined (n 26,071), heritability estimates for 320-d pelvic traits were moderate in size. Genetic correlations of .68, .48, and .61, between male and female 320-d pelvic width, height, and area, respectively, suggest male and female pelvic traits are largely under the same genetic control but are correlated traits rather than the same trait. Heritability estimates for actual calving ease in 2-yr-olds ranged from .00 to .49 in separate breed group analyses, and from .00 to .37 for binary measures. When breed groups were combined, heritability was .11 for actual calving ease and was .09 on the binary scale. Genetic correlations by breed groups between 320-d male pelvic traits and calving ease of 2-yr-old females were variable. When breed groups were combined, genetic correlation estimates between 320-d male pelvic traits and actual calving ease of 2-yr-old females (on a B-point scale) were negative and moderate as were genetic correlations between male 320-d pelvic traits and binary calving ease of 2-yr-old females. A bull one phenotypic SD above the mean in pelvic area would be expected to increase his daughters' average pelvic area by 1.30 cm(2) and improve its calving ease score by .03 of a score compared with an average breed bull. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1954 EP 1963 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PB116 UT WOS:A1994PB11600005 PM 7982822 ER PT J AU VANVLECK, LD CUNDIFF, LV AF VANVLECK, LD CUNDIFF, LV TI PREDICTION ERROR VARIANCES FOR INTERBREED GENETIC EVALUATIONS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ACCURACY; PROGENY; PREDICTED DIFFERENCE; BREED DIFFERENCES; BEEF CATTLE ID EXPECTED PROGENY DIFFERENCES; TREND AB A table for adjusting expected progeny differences (EPD) to a base year and breed basis depends on analyses of records of progeny of bulls of different breeds in a common environment and requires that those reference bulls also have other progeny to provide within-breed EPD. Currently, the. germ plasm evaluation project at the Meat Animal Research Center (MARC) provides such a common environment for reference bulls of several breeds for estimation of breed differences for the reference sires. Reference sire estimates of breed differences are adjusted by the difference between average EPD of reference bulls and average EPD for the base year for that breed. Two related questions are as follows: 1) What are confidence ranges for the adjustments and 2) What are accuracies of interbreed EPD? Application of statistical principles and algebra shows that 1) apparent confidence ranges for breed adjustments are small, 2) apparent confidence ranges are substantially underestimated when random sire effects within breed are ignored, 3) correct confidence ranges also are small, 4) usual measures of accuracy cannot be applied to interbreed comparisons, and 5) standard errors of prediction used in calculating confidence ranges for interbreed comparisons are much less affected by variance of the adjustment factors than by within-breed accuracies for two bulls being compared except for bulls with accuracies of near unity. Alternatives of predicting differences between bulls of the same or different breeds or between a bull of any breed and an average bull of a base breed are discussed in terms of confidence ranges. Although most theoretically correct, a major educational effort would be required to explain confidence ranges on expected differences in progeny of two bulls of different breeds. Confidence ranges on expected difference in progeny of a bull and an average bull of a base breed for a base year can be explained with only a slight extension of principles currently taught. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP VANVLECK, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1971 EP 1977 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PB116 UT WOS:A1994PB11600007 PM 7982824 ER PT J AU FREETLY, HC FERRELL, CL AF FREETLY, HC FERRELL, CL TI KINETICS OF SPLANCHNIC PROGESTERONE METABOLISM IN EWES FED TOW LEVELS OF NUTRITION SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE STEROIDS; LIVER; PORTAL-DRAINED VISCERA ID SHEEP AB The objective of this study was to determine whether chronic nutritional treatment influences progesterone (P-4) metabolism by splanchnic tissues and to develop a mathematical model of P-4 metabolism in ewes. Five ovariectomized (ovx), multiparous ewes were assigned to a high feed intake and five multiparous ovx ewes were assigned to a low feed intake. The ewes with high feed intake received daily ME intakes of 99 kcal/BWkg.75, and the ewes with low intake received daily ME intakes of 63 kcal/BWkg.75 Catheters were placed surgically in the abdominal aorta, the portal vein, a branch of the hepatic vein, and a mesenteric vein. Blood and plasma flows across visceral organs were determined by marker dilution (p-aminohippuric acid), and P-4 was determined with a RIA. The net splanchnic P-4 flux. and oxygen (O-2) consumption were determined during five rates of P-4 infusion into the jugular vein (112, 224, 449, 897, and 1,795 mu g/h). Splanchnic O-2 consumption was greater (P = .05) in the ewes with high feed intake. Net splanchnic P-4 flux did not differ (P > .10) between nutritional treatments. The correlation between net splanchnic P-4 flux and O-2 consumption did not differ from zero (P = .69). Net splanchnic P-4 flux was related linearly to plasma arterial P-4 concentration. Splanchnic tissue clearance rate was 18% of the infusion rate. The behavior of the P-4 model indicates that whole-body P-4 metabolism is the sum of first-order kinetic reactions. The data indicate that splanchnic clearance of P-4 is not affected by nutritional status. RP FREETLY, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 72 IS 8 BP 2107 EP 2112 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PB116 UT WOS:A1994PB11600024 PM 7982841 ER PT J AU COLE, NA HALLFORD, DM AF COLE, NA HALLFORD, DM TI INFLUENCE OF A PROPIONATE LOAD IN FED OR UNFED LAMBS ON BLOOD METABOLITES AND HORMONE PATTERNS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PROPIONATE LOAD; LAMBS; METABOLITES; INSULIN; SOMATOTROPIN ID GROWTH FACTOR-I; FEED-INTAKE; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; PLASMA-INSULIN; SERUM HORMONE; YOUNG STEERS; BEEF STEERS; SHEEP; GLUCOSE; DIET AB Six crossbred wether lambs were used in a crossover design to determine the effects of a 3-d feed and water deprivation period on metabolite and hormonal response to a propionate load. During each period of the crossover design all lambs were limit-fed (700 g/d) a 36% concentrate diet for 16 d, then three of the six lambs were deprived of feed and water for 3 d. All lambs were then limit-fed (700 g/d) the 36% concentrate diet (realimentation). Propionate loading tests were performed 4 h before feeding on d 1, 5, and 9 of the realimentation period. A 1.84 M propionate solution(3 mmol/kg BW) was infused into the right jugular vein and blood samples were obtained from the left jugular vein at intervals for 4 h after infusion. At the end of the 3-d feed and water deprivation period, fed lambs had greater serum insulin(P < .02), acetate (P < .01), and glucose (P < .05) concentrations and lower plasma-free fatty acids (P < .01) and urea N (P < .05) concentrations than unfed lambs. On d 1 of realimentation, previously unfed lambs had greater postinfusion growth hormone (P < .05), free fatty acid (P < .01), propionate (P < .07), lactate (P < .04), and urea N (P < .05) concentrations and lower serum insulin (P < .02), and acetate (P < .03) concentrations than fed lambs. Serum prolactin concentrations increased (P < .02) postinfusion in unfed lambs but not in fed lambs. Results of this study are interpreted to indicate that appreciable metabolic adaptations occur during feed and water deprivation but that these metabolic changes are corrected within 5 d of realimentation. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP COLE, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 72 IS 8 BP 2141 EP 2148 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PB116 UT WOS:A1994PB11600028 PM 7982845 ER PT J AU HARRIS, DL NEWMAN, S AF HARRIS, DL NEWMAN, S TI BREEDING FOR PROFIT - SYNERGISM BETWEEN GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION (A REVIEW) SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE ANIMAL BREEDING; PRODUCTION ECONOMICS; SELECTION INDEX; INTEGRATED SYSTEMS; BREEDING PROGRAMS ID LIFE-CYCLE EFFICIENCY; COMPUTER-SIMULATION MODEL; FEEDLOT MANAGEMENT-SYSTEM; EGG-PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY; SWINE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; BEEF-PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; LEAN MEAT PRODUCTION; CLOSED DAM LINE; RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; AUSTRALIAN MERINO SHEEP AB Fifty years of research in animal breeding and genetics are examined from four perspectives: 1) genetic prediction, 2) animal testing and selection schemes, 3) dissemination of genetic improvement, and 4) definition of breeding objectives in economic form. Breeding in all classes of livestock has moved from a purebred appearance orientation to a performance (either purebred or crossbred) orientation. Unfortunately, the evolution from a performance orientation to an economic orientation is incomplete, especially for some livestock classes. Placing breeding objectives into a mathematical form on a sound economic basis is key to integrating modern developments in animal breeding into more purposeful industry programs. Procedures used to develop such objectives are reviewed with attention to common approaches. Where consensus is reached about a breeding objective (in economic form) for a class of livestock, this objective can be used in conjunction with genetic predictions to rank animals within a breeding population. Ranking without undue attention to herd of origin facilitates a pyramid-shaped hierarchy of animals that can be fundamental to the functioning of breeding enterprises contributing improvements to operations concerned with production. Genetic improvements should flow from proven genetically superior animals to improved production systems. The tiers of the pyramid need to be organized relative to animals with differing levels of economic evaluation. C1 USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301. RP HARRIS, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 240 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 72 IS 8 BP 2178 EP 2200 PG 23 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PB116 UT WOS:A1994PB11600032 PM 7982849 ER PT J AU STIPANOVIC, RD HOWELL, CR HEDIN, PA AF STIPANOVIC, RD HOWELL, CR HEDIN, PA TI BIOSYNTHESIS OF GLIOVIRIN - INCORPORATION OF L-PHENYLALANINE (1-C-13) SO JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS LA English DT Note ID GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; SOLANI C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP STIPANOVIC, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU JAPAN ANTIBIOT RES ASSN PI TOKYO PA 2 20 8 KAMIOSAKI SHINAGAWA KU, TOKYO 141, JAPAN SN 0021-8820 J9 J ANTIBIOT JI J. Antibiot. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 47 IS 8 BP 942 EP 944 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA PD961 UT WOS:A1994PD96100014 PM 7928683 ER PT J AU WEE, JL HARRIS, SA SMITH, JP DIONIGI, CP MILLIE, DF AF WEE, JL HARRIS, SA SMITH, JP DIONIGI, CP MILLIE, DF TI PRODUCTION OF THE TASTE ODOR-CAUSING COMPOUND, TRANS-2,CIS-6-NONADIENAL, WITHIN THE SYNUROPHYCEAE SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MALLOMONAS; SYNURA; SYNUROPHYCEAE; TRANS-2; CIS-6-NONADIENAL; TASTE AND ODOR COMPOUNDS; WATER QUALITY ID CHRYSOPHYCEAE; IDENTIFICATION; BLOOMS AB Although several species of the Synurophyceae have been associated with taste and odor problems in potable water supplies, electron microscopic-based field studies linked problematic blooms only to Synura petersenii Korshikov. Eventually, the organic compound trans-2, cis-6-nonadienal was implicated to cause the associated 'cucumber-like' odors. The objective of this study was to survey unialgal cultures of various Synurophycean species for the occurrence of trans-2, cis-6-nonadienal. The compound was detected throughout a 24-day growth assay with a S. petersenii isolate, but was not detected in an identical assay with Synura sphagnicola (Korshikov) Korshikov. In separate 24-day cultures, trans-2, cis-6-nonadienal was detected in two isolates from the S. petersenii species complex, but was not detected in isolates of two Mallomonas or four Synura taxa not from the S. petersenii complex. These results support the hypothesis that production of trans-2, cis-6-nonadienal is unique to taxa within the S. petersenii complex. When contrast-enhancing optics and specific specimen preparation techniques are employed, light microscopy can be used to distinguish taxa in the S. petersenii complex from all other Synurophycean taxa. These methods are suggested as an efficient way to monitor trans-2, cis-6-nonadienal-producing taxa in potable water supplies. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP WEE, JL (reprint author), LOYOLA UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,6363 ST CHARLES AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118, USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8971 J9 J APPL PHYCOL JI J. Appl. Phycol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 6 IS 4 BP 365 EP 369 DI 10.1007/BF02182152 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA PN442 UT WOS:A1994PN44200001 ER PT J AU FLATH, RA CUNNINGHAM, RT MON, TR JOHN, JO AF FLATH, RA CUNNINGHAM, RT MON, TR JOHN, JO TI ADDITIONAL MALE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY (CERATITIS-CAPITATA WIED) ATTRACTANTS FROM ANGELICA SEED OIL (ANGELICA-ARCHANGELICA L) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ATTRACTANTS; MEDFLY; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; ALPHA-COPAENE; BETA-COPAENE; BETA-YLANGENE; TRANS-ALPHA-BERGAMOTENE; ANGELICA SEED OIL; ANGELICA-ARCHANGELICA; ENANTIOMERS; MALE LURES ID IDENTIFICATION AB Two sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, beta-copaene and beta-ylangene, were isolated from bioactive fractions of angelica seed oil and were shown by field bioassays to be attractive to the male Mediterranean fruit fly. Their relative attractiveness, compared with the (+)- and (-)-alpha-copaene enantiomers, are: (+)-alpha-copaene > angelica beta-copaene > angelica beta-ylangene > (-)-alpha-copaene. The enantiomer ratios for the two compounds are: beta-copaene, 61.4% (+), 38.6% (-); beta-ylangene, 91.9% (+), 8.1% (-). trans-alpha-Bergamotene was also isolated from the same fractions, but in insufficient quantity for bioassay [enantiomer ratio: 95.7% (+), 4.3% (-)]. C1 USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE LAB,HILO,HI 96720. RP FLATH, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 27 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1969 EP 1984 DI 10.1007/BF02066237 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PG582 UT WOS:A1994PG58200015 PM 24242723 ER PT J AU PETERSON, JK HORVAT, RJ ELSEY, KD AF PETERSON, JK HORVAT, RJ ELSEY, KD TI SQUASH LEAF GLANDULAR TRICHOME VOLATILES - IDENTIFICATION AND INFLUENCE ON BEHAVIOR OF FEMALE PICKLEWORM MOTH [DIAPHANIA-NITIDALIS (STOLL)] (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CUCURBITACEAE; CUCURBITA-PEPO; INSECTA; LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE; DIAPHANIA; OVIPOSITION; NITIDALIS; PICKLEWORM MOTH; EGG LAYING; VISITATIONS; STIMULATION AB Fourteen volatile compounds occurring in leaf trichomes of yellow squash (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Early Prolific Straightneck) were identified. These compounds accounted for 83.5% of the volatile matrix. Ubiquitous constituents of the epidermis (myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids, n-tricosane, and n-pentacosane) accounted for 73.7%; these compounds were not bioassayed. The volatiles o-, m-, and p-xylene, toluene, 2-heptanone, (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-limonene, and germacrene D were tested for their influence on attraction and oviposition by the pickleworm moth (Diaphania nitidalis Stoll.). No single compound, except germacrene D, was attractive. (R)-(+)-Limonene and 2-heptanone were weakly repellent. Mixtures of the highly volatile fractions were as attractive as volatiles emanating from whole, intact leaves. Oviposition levels on treated artificial sites corresponded with levels of visitation. Oviposition was significantly stimulated by ''whole-leaf'' volatiles, and (S)-(-)-limonene caused a slight but significant reduction. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP PETERSON, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,VEGETABLE LAB,2875 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 20 IS 8 BP 2099 EP 2109 DI 10.1007/BF02066246 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PG582 UT WOS:A1994PG58200024 PM 24242732 ER PT J AU MALIN, EL BASCH, JJ SHIEH, JJ SULLIVAN, BC HOLSINGER, VH AF MALIN, EL BASCH, JJ SHIEH, JJ SULLIVAN, BC HOLSINGER, VH TI DETECTION OF ADULTERATION OF BUTTERMILK POWDER BY GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BUTTERMILK POWDER; FAT GLOBULE MEMBRANE PROTEINS; NONFAT DRY MILK; WHEY ID PROTEINS AB Six commercial samples sold as buttermilk powder were compared with an authentic sample by SDS-PAGE, using either large gels (13.5 x 18 x .3 cm) with a manual system or precast miniature gels (4.3 x 5.0 x .045 cm) with an automated system. After being stained with Coomassie blue R, protein bands were quantitated by densitometry. Two unique fat globule membrane proteins, in addition to the caseins and whey proteins, were clearly visible in authentic buttermilk powders, but densities of fat globule membranes were reduced or absent in commercial nonfat dry milk and adulterated powders. The extent of adulteration was estimated by comparison of the relative percentage of fat globule membrane proteins in a suspect sample with their percentage in an authentic sample. The limit of detection for significant fat globule membrane protein bands was 12 mug of a 229-mug sample applied to a large gel and 420 ng of ''a 5-mug sample on a miniature gel. Although large gels facilitated visual observation of results, several days were required to cast a gel, separate the proteins, stain, and destain. In contrast, SDS-PAGE on miniature gels with the automated system required less than 3 h and offered a rapid screening procedure for detection of adulterated buttermilk powders. RP MALIN, EL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 77 IS 8 BP 2199 EP 2206 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(94)77162-9 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA PA967 UT WOS:A1994PA96700007 ER PT J AU UNRUH, TR KRYSAN, JL AF UNRUH, TR KRYSAN, JL TI REPRODUCTIVE DIAPAUSE AND HOST PLANTS AFFECT INSECTICIDE TOLERANCE OF ADULT PEAR PSYLLA (HOMOPTERA, PSYLLIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CACOPSYLLA-PYRICOLA; INSECTICIDE TOLERANCE; DIAPAUSE ID CACOPSYLLA-PYRICOLA HOMOPTERA; REGIONAL RESISTANCE; POLYMORPHISM; POPULATIONS AB Winterform pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, in reproductive diapause and collected in the fall were conditioned in the laboratory to either terminate (long days) or maintain (short days) diapause; conditioning was further divided into insects fed on dormant budwood or pear foliage. Long days promoted ovarian development; this development was enhanced by feeding on foliage compared with dormant wood. Pesticide tolerance was reduced in long day-conditioned pear psylla after diapause compared with those kept in diapause in five of six experiments. Conditioning of host plants also effected pesticide tolerance in two of five experiments. Our results suggest that the known reduction in pesticide tolerance of winterform pear psylla from fall to spring was related to diapause status and not linear age; diapause status, in turn, was affected by host plants. A general decline in control survivorship was correlated with reduced pesticide tolerance after diapause. RP UNRUH, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 87 IS 4 BP 858 EP 865 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NZ991 UT WOS:A1994NZ99100007 ER PT J AU HOSTETLER, ME BRENNER, RJ AF HOSTETLER, ME BRENNER, RJ TI BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESISTANCE TO INSECTICIDES IN THE GERMAN-COCKROACH (DICTYOPTERA, BLATTELLIDAE) - AN EXPERIMENTAL REEVALUATION SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLATTELLA-GERMANICA; BEHAVIORAL RESISTANCE; PHYSIOLOGICAL RESISTANCE ID L ORTHOPTERA; RESPONSES; MUSCIDAE; DIPTERA AB Although physiological resistance to pesticides has been demonstrated in German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), behavioral resistance has not been shown clearly. To test for the possible development of behavioral resistance, choice-test experiments were done to determine whether adult males and females from physiologically resistant and susceptible strains differed in avoidance of three emulsifiable formulations (chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and chlordane). Physiological resistance was verified by estimation of LC50s. Within 6 h, each cockroach chose between an untreated and a treated harborage. In the resistant strain, both sexes avoided harborages treated with cypermethrin and survived the choice tests, but more females than males avoided harborages treated with chlorpyrifos and survived. In the susceptible strain, neither sex avoided harborages treated with cypermethrin or chlorpyrifos, and most died. The physiologically resistant strain was more resistant to chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin than was the susceptible strain, with females generally having higher LC50s. However, in choice tests with chlordane in which physiological resistance levels were similar between the strains, the strains did not differ in avoidance of treated harborages or survivorship. Avoidance of treated harborages may be facilitated by high levels of physiological resistance, but we detected no behavioral resistance traits. High levels of physiological resistance permitted cockroaches to absorb an amount of pesticide that led to detection and subsequent avoidance of treated harborages. Results of our study suggest that previous research on insects has not demonstrated the evolution of stimulus-dependent behavioral resistance in field populations exposed to pesticides. C1 USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP HOSTETLER, ME (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ZOOL,223 BARTRAM HALL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 87 IS 4 BP 885 EP 893 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NZ991 UT WOS:A1994NZ99100011 PM 7520921 ER PT J AU HEATH, RR EPSKY, ND DUEBEN, BD GUZMAN, A ANDRADE, LE AF HEATH, RR EPSKY, ND DUEBEN, BD GUZMAN, A ANDRADE, LE TI GAMMA-RADIATION EFFECT ON PRODUCTION OF 4 PHEROMONAL COMPONENTS OF MALE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLIES (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CERATITIS-CAPITATA; PHEROMONE; IRRADIATION ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA; FLY DIPTERA; MATING RESPONSE; CALLING MALES; COMPETITIVENESS; IRRADIATION; NITROGEN; QUALITY; PUPAE; WILD AB An analytical method enabling the collection and gas chromatographic analysis of delta-1-pyrroline that is released from calling males of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), was developed. Using this procedure along with previously reported methods for the analyses of geranyl acetate, ethyl-(E)-3-octenoate, and E,E-alpha-farnesene, we compared pheromone production among fruit-reared, factory-reared fertile, and factory-reared sterile male Mediterranean fruit flies in Guatemala. There were no significant differences in pheromone production (ng per male per hour) from 0600 to 1400 hours. In collections made from 1400 to 1700 hours, however, factory-reared fertile males produced significantly more of the three major terpene components (geranyl acetate, ethyl-(E)-3-octenoate, E,E-alpha-farnesene), whereas the factory-reared sterile males produced significantly more of the four-component blend (the three terpenes plus delta-l-pyrroline) than fruit-reared males. Sterile males produced a significantly higher percentage of ethyl-(E)-3-octenoate, based on the four component pheromone blend, during the 1000- to 1400-hour collections. Thus, the primary difference in pheromone production among the tested flies was that the fruit-reared males produced pheromone over a shorter time during the day. Gamma radiation did not affect adversely the amount of total pheromone produced but did affect component ratios in the pheromone blend. C1 PROGRAMA MOSCAMED,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. USDA,APHIS,US EMBASSY GUATEMALA,MIAMI,FL 34024. RP HEATH, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 87 IS 4 BP 904 EP 909 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NZ991 UT WOS:A1994NZ99100014 ER PT J AU CARPENTER, JE PAIR, SD FITT, GP AF CARPENTER, JE PAIR, SD FITT, GP TI ICHNEUMON-PROMISSORIUS (HYMENOPTERA, ICHNEUMONIDAE) - DEVELOPMENT ON NORTH-AMERICAN HOSTS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ICHNEUMONIDAE; HELICOVERPA; SPODOPTERA ID LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; CORN; ABUNDANCE; HELIOTHIS AB Ichneumon (=Pterocormus) promissorius (Erichson) is native to Australia where it has been collected from Helicoverpa spp. This pupal parasitoid searches the soil surface for host pupation sites, burrows into the pupal gallery, and oviposits into the host pupa. I. promissorius developed successfully on several indigenous lepidopteran species, including Helicoverpa, Heliothis, and Spodoptera spp. Rearing I. promissorius in the laboratory was accomplished by exposing uncovered host pupae to female wasps for 24-48 h. Eggs hatched about almost-equal-to 36 h after oviposition, and larvae molted to the pupal stage almost-equal-to 8 d after oviposition. I. promissorius has four larval instars. The developmental time of I. promissorius varied with the host species and the age of the host pupa at the time of oviposition. Data from this study should be useful in developing laboratory rearing techniques for I. promissorius and in predicting the possible establishment of I. promissorius on indigenous noctuid pests. RP CARPENTER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. RI Fitt, Gary/C-5457-2008 NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 87 IS 4 BP 929 EP 932 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NZ991 UT WOS:A1994NZ99100018 ER PT J AU DEMILO, AB CUNNINGHAM, RT MCGOVERN, TP AF DEMILO, AB CUNNINGHAM, RT MCGOVERN, TP TI STRUCTURAL VARIANTS OF METHYL EUGENOL AND THEIR ATTRACTIVENESS TO THE ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DACUS-DORSALIS; LURES; STRUCTURE ACTIVITY ID DACUS-DORSALIS; SAFROLE; ESTRAGOLE; MOUSE AB Eight of 44 selected analogs of veratrole showed promise as attractants for male, oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, in week-long field tests when compared with a standard methyl eugenol (ME) lure. 4-Propyl- and 4(and 5)-allyl-2-ethoxy-1-methoxybenzene were the most effective of the eight promising lures showing high levels of initial and persistent attraction. 4-Ethyl-2-ethoxy-1-methoxybenzene showed a high level of initial attraction but lacked persistence as did its corresponding dimethoxy analog. High levels of attractancy demonstrated by several analogs evaluated in this study suggest that they could serve as potential alternatives to ME, if a critical need arises and their toxicity is acceptable. Despite previous studies showing that 889 chemicals were attractive to D. dorsalis in olfactometer tests, only three of the chemicals showed promise in the field. C1 USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEG RES LAB,HILO,HI 96720. RP DEMILO, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 87 IS 4 BP 957 EP 964 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NZ991 UT WOS:A1994NZ99100022 ER PT J AU HEATH, RR EPSKY, ND BLOEM, S BLOEM, K ACAJABON, F GUZMAN, A CHAMBERS, D AF HEATH, RR EPSKY, ND BLOEM, S BLOEM, K ACAJABON, F GUZMAN, A CHAMBERS, D TI PH EFFECT ON THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF A CORN HYDROLYSATE TO THE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY AND SEVERAL ANASTREPHA-SPECIES (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CERATITIS-CAPITATA; ANASTREPHA; PROTEIN BAITS ID AMMONIA; BAITS AB Field trials were conducted to determine the attractiveness of aqueous formulations of a protein bait, NuLure, as compared with a standard bait of pelletized torula yeast plus sodium borate for the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Weidemann); the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew); and other Anastrepha spp. addition of 1-10% borax to 10% NuLure solution increased bait pH, which corresponded directly with increase in number of female C. capitata trapped in field trials. The percentage of female C. capitata trapped with NuLure at a pH of 8.6 was significantly greater than with traps baited with five torula yeast plus borax pellets. NuLure + 1% borax attracted significantly fewer male C. capitata than either torula yeast plus borax pellets -or NuLure + 5 or 10% borax. Significantly fewer female and male A. ludens were attracted by the NuLure + 1% borax than most of the other baits tested. Capture of female and male flies of other Anastrepha spp. generally paralleled the preference in attraction of A. ludens to the various protein baits. C1 OKANAGAN KOOTENAY STERILE INSECT RELEASE PROGRAM,OSOYOOS VOH 1VO,BC,CANADA. USDA,APHYS,INT SERV,US EMBASSY,MIAMI,FL 34024. RP HEATH, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 87 IS 4 BP 1008 EP 1013 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NZ991 UT WOS:A1994NZ99100029 ER PT J AU TORGERSEN, TR SCOTT, DW GILLESPIE, AJR HOSMAN, KP AF TORGERSEN, TR SCOTT, DW GILLESPIE, AJR HOSMAN, KP TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOWER-CROWN SAMPLING AND MIDCROWN SAMPLING FOR CHORISTONEURA-OCCIDENTALIS (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) AFTER TREATMENT WITH BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHORISTONEURA-OCCIDENTALIS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; SAMPLING ID WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM; FIR TUSSOCK MOTH; EGG MASSES; DENSITIES; PATTERNS; PUPAE AB We found no change in the relation between densities of western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, determined by lower-crown sampling and densities determined by conventional midcrown sampling on host trees in a suppression project with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. The relationship was tested on units treated with B. thuringiensis and on untreated units. We present an equation that provides an improved means to predict midcrown densities based on lower-crown population estimates. Analysis of larval densities before treatment and densities 1 yr after treatment broadens application of the equation to include the full range of fourth to final instars for natural, untreated budworm populations, as well as for sampling before treatment and sampling after treatment with B. thuringiensis. C1 US FOREST SERV,WALLOWA WHITMAN NATL FOREST FORESTRY & RANGE SCI LAB,LA GRANDE,OR 97850. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,REDNOR,PA 19087. RP TORGERSEN, TR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY & RANGE SCI LAB,LA GRANDE,OR 97850, USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 87 IS 4 BP 1022 EP 1026 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NZ991 UT WOS:A1994NZ99100031 ER PT J AU HOGSETTE, JA KOEHLER, PG AF HOGSETTE, JA KOEHLER, PG TI REPELLENCY OF AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS OF BORIC-ACID AND POLYBOR 3 TO HOUSE-FLIES (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MUSCA-DOMESTICA; BORIC ACID; POLYBOR-3 ID TOXICITY AB Mixed-sex 3- to 5-d-old adult house flies, Musca domestica (L.), were exposed in nonchoice, choice, and consumption tests to increasing levels of boric acid and polybor formulated in 10% sucrose to test for repellent effects. Results of nonchoice and choice tests suggested repellency to high levels of both borates. Consumption decreased at levels >2.25% boric acid and 3.0% polybor, with approximate intake of 0.102 and 0.161 mg of boron, respectively. Our results indicate that 2.25% boric acid and 3.0% polybor are optimal treatment levels. RP HOGSETTE, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 87 IS 4 BP 1033 EP 1037 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NZ991 UT WOS:A1994NZ99100033 ER PT J AU HARRIS, JP SMITH, BJ OLIEN, WC AF HARRIS, JP SMITH, BJ OLIEN, WC TI ACTIVITY OF GRAPE ROOT BORER (ELPIDOPTERA, SESIIDAE) IN SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE VITACEA-POLISTIFORMIS; GRAPE ROOT BORER; MUSCADINE GRAPE ID VITACEA-POLISTIFORMIS HARRIS; LEPIDOPTERA; ACETATE AB Muscadine grape vines were excavated from vineyards in southern Mississippi and examined for damage caused by the grape root borer. Vitacea polistiformis (Harris), and for the presence of borer larvae. Generally, young vines (< 12 yr old) had no visible root borer damage and no borers were present; vines 12 to 15 yr old had moderate damage and borers were present; older vines had severe damage and borers were present. Grape root borer populations were monitored over 5 yr with pheromone traps. No moths were trapped before 15 June or after 2 October. Peak moth captures occurred from 15 July through 2 September. These data indicate that vineyards in southern Mississippi should be treated with an insecticide during the 2nd or 3rd wk of July for effective grape root borer control. C1 USDA ARS,SMALL FRUIT RES,POPLARVILLE,MS 39470. CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT HORT,CLEMSON,SC 29634. RP HARRIS, JP (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI COOPERAT EXTENS SERV,DECATUR,MS 39327, USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 87 IS 4 BP 1058 EP 1061 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NZ991 UT WOS:A1994NZ99100036 ER PT J AU YOKOMI, RK LASTRA, R STOETZEL, MB DAMSTEEGT, VD LEE, RF GARNSEY, SM GOTTWALD, TR ROCHAPENA, MA NIBLETT, CL AF YOKOMI, RK LASTRA, R STOETZEL, MB DAMSTEEGT, VD LEE, RF GARNSEY, SM GOTTWALD, TR ROCHAPENA, MA NIBLETT, CL TI ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BROWN CITRUS APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) IN CENTRAL-AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN BASIN AND TRANSMISSION OF CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TOXOPTERA; CITRICIDA; CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS; INSECT VIRUS VECTORS ID GOSSYPII AB The brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), is distributed widely on citrus but is not known to occur in the Mediterranean region or, until recently, in North America. The brown citrus aphid is an important pest of citrus because it is an efficient vector of citrus tristeza virus. Surveys have shown that the brown citrus aphid has rapidly expanded its distribution in the Caribbean Basin and Central America. In September 1991, the brown citrus aphid was found widespread on citrus in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama but was not found in Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, or Mexico. In 1992, it was found in the Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St. Croix, St. Thomas, Trinidad, and the U.S. Virgin Islands and, in 1993, in Cuba and jamaica. The aphid was not found in the Bahamas or Bermuda in the survey. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests from citrus trees indicated that citrus tristeza virus incidence was low (<15%) in most areas and probably was caused by the use of infected budwood, rather than by aphid vectors, because of its random pattern of a few infected fields separated by tristeza-free fields. Most citrus tristeza virus isolates detected did not react with the severe-strain discriminating monoclonal citrus tristeza virus antibody, MCA13, and, thus, are probably mild strains. Some MCA13 reactive isolates were found in Belize, Costa Rica, Panama, Bermuda, the Dominican Republic, jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Trinidad. The brown citrus aphid was almost-equal-to 6-25 times more efficient in transmitting several strains of citrus tristeza virus than the melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover. Incidence of decline isolates of citrus tristeza virus could increase rapidly with the advancing movement of the brown citrus aphid and could threaten almost-equal-to 180 million citrus trees on citrus tristeza virus-sensitive sour orange rootstock in the Caribbean Basin, Central America, Mexico, and the United States. An additional threat exists if this aphid begins to spread grapefruit and sweet orange stem-pitting strains of citrus tristeza virus. C1 LATIE,TURRIALBA,COSTA RICA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI BRANCH,FREDERICK,MD 21701. UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. INIFAP,SARH,NUEVO LEON 67400,MEXICO. RP YOKOMI, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 36 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 87 IS 4 BP 1078 EP 1085 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NZ991 UT WOS:A1994NZ99100039 ER PT J AU DAVID, FM WILLIAMS, WP AF DAVID, FM WILLIAMS, WP TI EVALUATION OF REPRODUCTIVE STAGE MAIZE FOR RESISTANCE TO THE SOUTHWESTERN CORN-BORER (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) USING VISUAL RATING SCORES OF LEAF SHEATH AND HUSK DAMAGE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIATRAEA-GRANDIOSELLA; CORN; PLANT RESISTANCE AB A better technique for evaluating damage to maize, Zea mays L., in the reproductive stage of growth from southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, is needed to screen maize for resistance to this pest. The old technique of splitting stalks of infested plants and measuring the tunneling 35 to 45 d after infestation is inefficient. We developed a new technique that uses rating scales to estimate visually the degree of damage to the leaf sheath and ear husks, the preferred feeding sites by larvae, within 14 d of infestation. The rating scales range from 0 to 9 with scores based on types and numbers of lesions made by the larvae. A rating of 0 indicates no damage and ratings of 7-9 indicate substantial damage. Experiments were conducted to test the usefulness of the rating scales in detecting differences in larval growth and numbers. Our results show that the rating scores were significantly correlated with larval growth and numbers. Significant differences in larval growth and numbers were found among larvae reared on some of the test hybrids. When this occurred, differences in rating scores among hybrids also were found to be significant. Significant differences were found in larval numbers and growth when maize hybrids were infested on the same day but at different physiological stages. RP DAVID, FM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 87 IS 4 BP 1105 EP 1112 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NZ991 UT WOS:A1994NZ99100043 ER PT J AU RATCLIFFE, RH SAFRANSKI, GG PATTERSON, FL OHM, HW TAYLOR, PL AF RATCLIFFE, RH SAFRANSKI, GG PATTERSON, FL OHM, HW TAYLOR, PL TI BIOTYPE STATUS OF HESSIAN FLY (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE) POPULATIONS FROM THE EASTERN UNITED-STATES AND THEIR RESPONSE TO 14 HESSIAN FLY RESISTANCE GENES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR; BIOTYPES; WHEAT BREEDING ID DURUM-WHEAT; DAMAGE AB Twenty-eight Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), populations from 15 states in soft winter wheat area of the eastern United. States were evaluated for biotype composition and response to 14 Hessian fly resistance genes. The biotype composition of each Hessian fly population was estimated by confining individual gravid females on the wheat differentials 'Seneca' (H7H8), 'Monon' (H3), 'Abe' or 'Magnum' (H5), and 'Caldwell' (H6). The response of Hessian fly populations to resistance genes not deployed in the eastern United States was evaluated in replicated tests with wheat containing H9, H10, H12, H13, H14H15, H17, H18, and H19+ genes and two Purdue germplasm lines with unknown sources of resistance ('ACC 1566-1-1-IX' and 'Giorgio 331-39-10'). Based on biotype determinations, H7H8 was resistant or moderately resistant to populations from the South and Southeast, H3 and H5 were resistant to populations from East Texas, H6 was susceptible to all but the ML-TX population, and no deployed genes were resistant to populations from most locations in the Midwest and in the Mid-Atlantic region and the Northeast. Predominant biotypes in Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina were E, G, and 0, respectively. Biotype L was predominant in populations from the Midwest and some states of the Mid-Atlantic region. Texas populations were predominantly GP and A. The most resistant undeployed genes or gene combinations were H9, H13, H14H15, and H17, but Hessian fly virulence was found to all genes except H17. Continued monitoring of biotype frequency in Hessian fly populations is required for optimal deployment and management of resistance genes. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP RATCLIFFE, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT & WEED CONTROL UNIT,W LAFAYETTE,IN, USA. NR 30 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 87 IS 4 BP 1113 EP 1121 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NZ991 UT WOS:A1994NZ99100044 ER PT J AU JACK, LJW KAHL, S STGERMAIN, DL CAPUCO, AV AF JACK, LJW KAHL, S STGERMAIN, DL CAPUCO, AV TI TISSUE DISTRIBUTION AND REGULATION OF 5'-DEIODINASE PROCESSES IN LACTATING RATS SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID I IODOTHYRONINE DEIODINASE; PHENOL-CHLOROFORM EXTRACTION; SINGLE-STEP METHOD; REVERSE TRIIODOTHYRONINE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; RNA ISOLATION; 5'-MONODEIODINASE; THYROXINE; PITUITARY; ACID AB Thyroxine 5'-deiodinase (5'D) catalyses deiodination of the prohormone thyroxine (T-4) to the metabolically active hormone 3,5,3'-tri-iodothyronine (T-3). Previously, it has been demonstrated that rat mammary gland expresses a 5'D with enzymatic properties equivalent to those of the type I enzyme (5'D-I) found in rat liver and kidney. Using complementary DNA (cDNA) for rat hepatic 5'D-I, we have examined expression of 5'D-I messenger RNA (mRNA) in Liver, and mammary gland from virgin and lactating rats, and in seven other tissues from virgin rats. 5'D-I mRNA could not be detected in mammary gland either by Northern blotting or by the more sensitive technique of reverse transcribing mRNA and then amplifying the cDNA by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Analysis of the seven tissues from virgin rats by RT-PCR showed 5'D-I amplicons in liver, kidney and thyroid. No amplicons were detected in adrenal gland, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle or spleen. In addition, the effect of lactation intensity on circulating thyroid hormones, hepatic and mammary gland 5'D activity, and hepatic 5'D-I mRNA levels was examined. A strong inverse relationship was noted between increased lactation intensity (suckling burden) and circulating T-4 and T-3, hepatic 5'D-I activity and hepatic 5'D-I mRNA levels. Mammary gland 5'D activity was positively correlated to lactation intensity. The data presented strongly suggest that the 5'D activity expressed in lactating mammary gland is encoded by a mRNA different from the 5'D-I message found in rat liver, kidney and thyroid gland, and may help explain the differential regulation of 5'D-I activity in these organs during lactation. In addition, hepatic 5'D-I activity was found to be correlated with the concentration of 5'D-I mRNA, suggesting that regulation is pretranslational. Results are consistent with a previously suggested involvement of 5'D in establishing metabolic adaptations to support lactation. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. DARTMOUTH COLL SCH MED,DEPT MED,LEBANON,NH 03756. DARTMOUTH COLL SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,LEBANON,NH 03756. NR 44 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU J ENDOCRINOLOGY LTD PI BRISTOL PA 17/18 THE COURTYARD, WOODLANDS, ALMONDSBURY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS12 4NQ SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 142 IS 2 BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.1677/joe.0.1420205 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PC881 UT WOS:A1994PC88100002 PM 7930993 ER PT J AU MCMURTRY, JP FRANCIS, GL UPTON, Z ROSSELOT, G BROCHT, DM AF MCMURTRY, JP FRANCIS, GL UPTON, Z ROSSELOT, G BROCHT, DM TI DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES IN CHICKEN AND TURKEY INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR-I (ICF-I) STUDIED WITH A HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR CHICKEN IGF-I SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUSCLE PROTEIN-TURNOVER; BINDING-PROTEINS; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; SOMATOMEDIN-C; TISSUE CONCENTRATIONS; DOMESTIC-FOWL; SERUM; HORMONE; EXPRESSION; BROILER AB The development of a homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) for chicken insulin-like growth factor-I (cIGF-I) and its use to investigate the developmental changes in IGF-I in the chicken and turkey is described. A double antibody RIA has been developed using recombinantly derived cIGF-I as antigen, radiolabelled tracer and standard. The resulting immunoassay has a minimum detection limit of 0.035 ng and effective dose of 2.5 ng. Dose-response curves of chicken and turkey plasma and tissue extracts were parallel with cIGF-I standard. The antiserum is specific for IGF-I as no cross-reactivity with chicken IGF-II, insulin, glucagon, gastrin or avian pancreatic polypeptide was observed. We have also established that acid/ethanol extraction of chicken and turkey plasma reduced possible interference of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) in the RIA. Comparison of IGF-I immunoactivity in unextracted and acid/ethanol-extracted samples following gel filtration under acidic and neutral conditions indicates that the cIGFBPs may be acid-labile. Analyses of samples from growing chickens and turkeys using the homologous avian reagents revealed higher IGF-I concentrations than if the IGF were quantified using heterologous mammalian-derived reagents. A similar pattern was observed when tissue extracts were assayed for IGF-I content. The application of the homologous IIIA to monitor blood and tissue IGF-I levels during embryonic development and posthatch growth in avian species will provide more accurate comparisons oi results from studies on the role of IGF-I in growth and metabolism of domestic birds. C1 CSIRO, DIV HUMAN NUTR, ADELAIDE, SA 5000, AUSTRALIA. COOPERAT RES CTR TISSUE GROWTH & REPAIR, ADELAIDE, SA 5000, AUSTRALIA. RP MCMURTRY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, NONUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RI Upton, Zee/I-9777-2012 NR 49 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD PI BRISTOL PA EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 142 IS 2 BP 225 EP 234 DI 10.1677/joe.0.1420225 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PC881 UT WOS:A1994PC88100004 PM 7930995 ER PT J AU COCHARD, H EWERS, FW TYREE, MT AF COCHARD, H EWERS, FW TYREE, MT TI WATER RELATIONS OF A TROPICAL VINE-LIKE BAMBOO (RHIPIDOCLADUM-RACEMIFLORUM) - ROOT PRESSURES, VULNERABILITY TO CAVITATION AND SEASONAL-CHANGES IN EMBOLISM SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE RHIPIDOCLADUM RACEMIFLORUM; ROOT PRESSURE; CAVITATION; EMBOLISM; WATER RELATIONS ID ACER-SACCHARUM; XYLEM CAVITATION; STRESS AB The occurrence of root pressure, the vulnerability of xylem vessels to drought-induced cavitation, and the seasonal changes in hydraulic conductivity due to embolism were studied in the culms of Rhipidocladum racemiflorum (Steud.) McClure, a tropical vine-like bamboo from central Panama. Positive hydrostatic potentials up to 120 kPa occurred only during the wet season when the transpiration rate of the plant was low, i.e. at night or during rain events. Although the xylem vessels were large and efficient for conducting water, they were highly resistant to cavitation. Xylem water potentials lower than -4.5 MPa were required to induce 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity in culms. The minimum water potential reached -3.75 MPa at the end of the 1993 dry season, so loss of hydraulic conductivity due to embolism remained <10%. The species is adapted to drier habitats both by way of a low vulnerability to xylem cavitation and by root pressures in the wet season that could refill vessels that became embolized during a severe dry season. C1 US FOREST SERV, AIKEN FORESTRY SCI LAB, BURLINGTON, VT 05402 USA. INRA, UNITE ECOPHYSIOL FORESTIERE, F-54280 CHAMPENOUX, FRANCE. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, BALBOA, PANAMA. RI Cochard, Herve/P-7406-2015 OI Cochard, Herve/0000-0002-2727-7072 NR 20 TC 78 Z9 85 U1 6 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 45 IS 277 BP 1085 EP 1089 DI 10.1093/jxb/45.8.1085 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PD628 UT WOS:A1994PD62800006 ER PT J AU FRANCISCO, PB HARPER, JE AF FRANCISCO, PB HARPER, JE TI MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF EARLY NODULATION EVENTS IN A NONNODULATING SOYBEAN MUTANT (NN5) AND LACK OF RESPONSE TO HIGH INOCULUM DOSE SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE NODULATION EVENTS; NONNODULATING MUTANT; SOYBEAN ID MAX L MERR; NODULE INITIATION; INFECTIONS; TRYPTOPHAN AB The microscopic events leading to nodulation in normally nodulating soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes, and the effects of Bradyrhizobium strain and inoculum dose on nodulation, were examined in the NN5 non-nodulating mutant derived from cv. Williams. The NN5 mutant possesses the recessive genes rj(5) and rj(6). Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain USDA 110 cells attached normally to the root surface of NN5, many in a polar manner as in its wild-type parent, but failed to induce root hair curling and sub-epidermal cell division in the root. Co-culturing NN5 and Williams did not modify nodulation of either genotype. Hydroponically-grown NN5 seedlings did not nodulate at a high inoculum dose (1 x 10(10) cells seedling(-1)) of any B. japonicum strain tested (USDA 110, USDA 26, USDA 136, and the tryptophan metabolic variants B-14075 and ta 11 Nod(+)). A higher inoculum dose of 3 x 10(11) USDA 136 cells seedling(-1) also failed to induce nodulation in NN5 and nod139 (a nonnodulating mutant of cv. Bragg). The lack of nodulation of NN5 at any inoculum dose is contrary to previous observations of sparse nodulation of other non-nodulating mutants at high inoculum dose. Genetic control of non-nodulation in NN5 is probably similar to nod139. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,PLANT PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,PLANT & ANIM BIOTECHNOL LAB 331,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 45 IS 277 BP 1111 EP 1117 DI 10.1093/jxb/45.8.1111 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PD628 UT WOS:A1994PD62800010 ER PT J AU LU, P DIZHOU, X CHEN, SJ MOORMAN, M MORRIS, SC FINKELMAN, FD LINSLEY, P URBAN, JE GAUSE, WC AF LU, P DIZHOU, X CHEN, SJ MOORMAN, M MORRIS, SC FINKELMAN, FD LINSLEY, P URBAN, JE GAUSE, WC TI CTLA-4 LIGANDS ARE REQUIRED TO INDUCE AN IN-VIVO INTERLEUKIN-4 RESPONSE TO A GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE PARASITE SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Note ID HELPER T-CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES-T; ANTIGEN; ACTIVATION; MICE; EXPRESSION; CD28; IL-4; RECEPTOR; MOLECULE AB The costimulatory signal provided to T cells through CTLA-4-ligand interactions is required for T cell activation resulting in increased interleukin 2 (IL-2) production in vitro, but its role in the production of IL-4 and other cytokines is unclear and few in vivo studies have been performed to confirm results of in vitro experiments. We have examined the in vivo effects of blocking CTLA-4 ligands on the T helper cell 2 (Th2)-associated mucosal immune response that follows oral infection of mice with the nematode parasite, Heligmosomoides polygyrus. CTLA-4Ig administration inhibited H. polygyrus-induced increases in mesenteric lymph node (MLN) B cell major histocompatibility complex class II expression and size and T cell-derived IL-4 gene expression. In addition, CTLA-4 immunoglobulin (Ig) partially blocked increased IL-3, IL-5, and IL-9 cytokine gene expression in Peyer's patch (PP) and MLN 8 d after primary inoculation of mice with the parasite. Increases in the number of IL-4- but not IL-5-secreting cells were also inhibited by CTLA-4Ig. H. polygyrus-induced elevations in serum IgE levels but not blood eosinophils, were markedly inhibited by CTLA-4Ig. These results suggest that stimulation of CD28 and/or CTLA-4 is required for T cell priming leading to IL-4 cytokine production, B cell activation, and IgE secretion during a Th2-like, mucosal immune response to a nematode parasite. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20814. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MED,BETHESDA,MD 20814. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,CTR BIOMED INSTRUMENTAT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB PHARMACEUT RES INST,DEPT CELLULAR IMMUNOL,SEATTLE,WA 98121. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-21328] NR 38 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD AUG 1 PY 1994 VL 180 IS 2 BP 693 EP 698 DI 10.1084/jem.180.2.693 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA NZ385 UT WOS:A1994NZ38500030 PM 8046343 ER PT J AU MCHUGH, TH KROCHTA, JM AF MCHUGH, TH KROCHTA, JM TI DISPERSED PHASE PARTICLE-SIZE EFFECTS ON WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY OF WHEY-PROTEIN BEESWAX EDIBLE EMULSION FILMS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article AB Lipid particle size and distribution were found to significantly affect the water vapor permeability (WVP) properties of whey protein/beeswax edible emulsion films. Film oriented with the lipid-enriched side facing the high relative humidity environment during WVP testing exhibited lower WVPs. Particle size distributions were determined before and after film formation using laser light scattering and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Decreasing mean emulsion particle diameters correlated well with linear decreases in average film WVP values. Whey protein chain crosslinkage at beeswax particle interfaces resulted in lowered WVPs as interfacial areas increased with decreasing particle diameters, providing greater opportunity for protein-beeswax interaction. Several models were applied and interaction factors were compared for films possessing different mean particle diameters. RP MCHUGH, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 0 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 6 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 18 IS 3 BP 173 EP 188 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.1994.tb00842.x PG 16 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA PC496 UT WOS:A1994PC49600001 ER PT J AU MILLER, AJ CALL, JE AF MILLER, AJ CALL, JE TI INHIBITORY POTENTIAL OF 4-CARBON DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS ON CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM SPORES IN AN UNCURED TURKEY PRODUCT SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE 4 CARBON DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS; CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM; ANTIBOTULINAL ACTIVITY AB Organic acids offer promising options for the food industry in its attempt to ensure product safety and to meet consumer demand for minimally processed foods. In this study, four-carbon dicarboxylic acids were individually screened for their inhibitory potential against proteolytic Clostridium botulinum spores. Ground turkey breast meat was formulated with 1.4% sodium chloride (NaCl), 0.3% sodium pyrophosphate, 2% organic acid, 8% water and 500 spores/g of a six-strain mixture of proteolytic C. botulinum. Samples were adjusted to pH 6. Ten g of product in vacuum packages were heated in 75 degrees C water for 20 min, cooled and incubated for 0 to 25 days at 28 degrees C. Botulinal neurotoxin was detected at two days in control samples (0% acid) and at five days in 2% malic acid (0.13 M), aspartic (0.13 M), tartaric (0.12 M), succinic (0.15 M), fumaric (0.15 M) samples. Toxin was undetected at 25 days in samples treated with maleic acid (0.15 M). Maleic acid reduced total aerobic bacteria and lactic acid organisms in temperature-abused product, compared to controls. Further systematic investigation of these and related compounds with prior approval for food-use may demonstrate previously unrecognized antibacterial potential. RP MILLER, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 57 IS 8 BP 679 EP 683 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA PF223 UT WOS:A1994PF22300005 ER PT J AU RANSOM, GM DREESEN, DW ROSE, BE LATTUADA, CP AF RANSOM, GM DREESEN, DW ROSE, BE LATTUADA, CP TI ASSESSMENT OF 3 NUCLEIC-ACID HYBRIDIZATION SYSTEMS FOR DETECTION OF CAMPYLOBACTER SPP IN POULTRY PRODUCTS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE CAMPYLOBACTER; DNA/RNA PROBES; POULTRY ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LATEX AGGLUTINATION; CULTURE CONFIRMATION; SELECTIVE MEDIUM; JEJUNI; COLI; IDENTIFICATION; CHICKEN; MEATS; ENRICHMENT AB Three commercially available nucleic acid hybridization systems were evaluated in combination with the United States Department of Agriculture-Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA/FSIS) cultural protocol for the detection of Campylobacter spp. from a variety of poultry products. Samples were enriched for 24 h in Hunt broth and then plated onto modified charcoal Campylobacter differential agar. Suspensions of growth from the selective agar plates were then analyzed by the probe assays. The GENE-TRAK(R) Campylobacter Assay (revised format) and the GEN-PROBE(R) ACCUPROBE(TM) Campylobacter Culture Confirmation Test showed sensitivities and specificities of 100% upon testing of 30 raw chicken rinses. The original format GENE-TRAK(R) test had a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 100% when these samples were tested. Ninety percent of the raw chicken rinses were found to contain Campylobacter spp. by either of the two more sensitive probes or by the USDA/FSIS cultural method. Eighty-three percent of the rinses registered Campylobacter-positive by the original format GENE-TRAK(R) probe. When inoculated ready-to-eat poultry samples were examined, the revised format GENE-TRAK(R) test and the ACCUPROBE(TM) assay had sensitivities of 83% and specificities of 100% The original format GENE-TRAK(R) test showed a 75% sensitivity and a 100% specificity with these samples. The USDA/FSIS cultural method had a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 100% with the inoculated samples. The detection limit of the revised format GENE-TRAK(R) and the ACCUPROBE(TM) assays upon testing pooled cell suspensions of four Campylobacter jejuni poultry isolates was approximately 10(6) CFU/ml. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP RANSOM, GM (reprint author), USDA,FSIS,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BARC E,BLDG 322,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 57 IS 8 BP 703 EP 709 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA PF223 UT WOS:A1994PF22300009 ER PT J AU GERLACH, LP BENGSTON, DN AF GERLACH, LP BENGSTON, DN TI IF ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT IS THE SOLUTION, WHATS THE PROBLEM - 11 CHALLENGES FOR ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,HUBERT H HUMPHREY INST PUBL AFFAIRS,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN. RP GERLACH, LP (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ANTHROPOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 92 IS 8 BP 18 EP 21 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PA688 UT WOS:A1994PA68800012 ER PT J AU MORELAN, LZ MEALEY, SP CARROLL, FO AF MORELAN, LZ MEALEY, SP CARROLL, FO TI FOREST HEALTH ON THE BOISE NATIONAL FOREST SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP MORELAN, LZ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,1750 FRONT ST,BOISE,ID 83702, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 92 IS 8 BP 22 EP 24 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PA688 UT WOS:A1994PA68800013 ER PT J AU CAWRSE, DC JOHNS, RM JONES, DH AF CAWRSE, DC JOHNS, RM JONES, DH TI ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT IN THE UPPER CHATTOOGA SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP CAWRSE, DC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,HIGHLANDS RANGER DIST,RTE 1,BOX 247,HIGHLANDS,NC 28734, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 92 IS 8 BP 25 EP 27 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PA688 UT WOS:A1994PA68800014 ER PT J AU GUSTAFSON, EJ CROW, TR AF GUSTAFSON, EJ CROW, TR TI FOREST MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES IN THE HOOSIER-NATIONAL-FOREST SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID BIRD C1 N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,RHINELANDER,WI. RP GUSTAFSON, EJ (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1158 ENTOMOL BLDG,ROOM 220,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 92 IS 8 BP 28 EP 29 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PA688 UT WOS:A1994PA68800015 ER PT J AU CISSEL, JH SWANSON, FJ MCKEE, WA BURDITT, AL AF CISSEL, JH SWANSON, FJ MCKEE, WA BURDITT, AL TI USING THE PAST TO PLAN THE FUTURE IN THE PACIFIC-NORTHWEST SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US FOREST SERV,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP CISSEL, JH (reprint author), WILLAMETTE NATL FOREST,BLUE RIVER RANGER DIST,BLUE RIVER,OR 97413, USA. NR 7 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 92 IS 8 BP 30 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PA688 UT WOS:A1994PA68800016 ER PT J AU SHLISKY, AJ AF SHLISKY, AJ TI MULTISCALE ANALYSIS IN THE PACIFIC-NORTHWEST SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,COLUMBIA RIVER GORGE NATL SCEN AREA,VANCOUVER,WA. US FOREST SERV,GIFFORD PINCHOT & MT HOOD NAT FORESTS,VANCOUVER,WA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 92 IS 8 BP 32 EP 34 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PA688 UT WOS:A1994PA68800017 ER PT J AU LACHOWSKI, HM WIRTH, T MAUS, P AVERS, P AF LACHOWSKI, HM WIRTH, T MAUS, P AVERS, P TI REMOTE-SENSING AND GIS - THEIR ROLE IN ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 PACIFIC MERIDIAN RESOURCES,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. US GEOL SURVEY,WASHINGTON,DC 20242. RP LACHOWSKI, HM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NATIONWIDE FORESTRY APPLICAT PROGRAM,2222 W 2300 S,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84119, USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 92 IS 8 BP 39 EP 40 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PA688 UT WOS:A1994PA68800020 ER PT J AU BECK, MA KOLBECK, PC SHI, Q ROHR, LH MORRIS, VC LEVANDER, OA AF BECK, MA KOLBECK, PC SHI, Q ROHR, LH MORRIS, VC LEVANDER, OA TI INCREASED VIRULENCE OF A HUMAN ENTEROVIRUS (COXSACKIEVIRUS B3) IN SELENIUM-DEFICIENT MICE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POST-WEANING UNDERNUTRITION; VITAMIN-E CONSUMPTION; NATURAL-KILLER CELLS; MURINE MYOCARDITIS; HEART-DISEASE; ADULT MICE; VIRUS; INFECTION; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; HYBRIDIZATION AB Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3/20)-induced myocarditic lesions occurred more quickly and were more severe and virus titers in heart and liver were higher in selenium (Se)-deficient than Se-adequate mice. NK cell activity and serum neutralizing antibody titers were similar in both Se-adequate and -deficient CVB3/20-infected mice; however, lymphocyte proliferation to both mitogen and antigen was decreased in Se-deficient mice. CVB3/20 isolated from Se-deficient donor mice and inoculated into Se-adequate recipient mice induced severe myocarditis. In contrast, CVB3/20 isolated from Se-adequate donor mice and inoculated into Se-adequate recipient mice induced only moderate myocarditis, similar to that caused by the original virus stock. Thus, the general population of CVB3/20 virions, as a consequence of replicating in an Se-deficient host, underwent a phenotypic change to increased virulence. These results have important implications for the emergence of virulent viruses. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,OMAHA,NE. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD. RP BECK, MA (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,FRANK PORTER GRAHAM CHILD DEV CTR,CB 8180,105 SMITH LEVEL RD,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-46195]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-03110] NR 32 TC 114 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 170 IS 2 BP 351 EP 357 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NZ467 UT WOS:A1994NZ46700017 PM 8035022 ER PT J AU SMITH, WP BORDEN, DL ENDRES, KM AF SMITH, WP BORDEN, DL ENDRES, KM TI SCENT-STATION VISITS AS AN INDEX TO ABUNDANCE OF RACCOONS - AN EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE BEHAVIOR; DENSITY; PROCYON-LOTOR; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; SCENT STATION; TENNESSEE ID POPULATIONS; OKLAHOMA AB We tested the premise that rates of visitation by raccoons (Procyon lotor) to scent stations vary directly with population density by manipulating the density of an island population of this carnivore in middle Tennessee. Despite its widespread use, the scent-station index to population size has not been validated. General protocol for scent stations followed previous investigators; radiotelemetry was used to monitor individual behavior of raccoons. We determined minimum population size from the records of known captures and compared them with visits to scent stations recorded twice monthly during an initial period with no manipulation (May 1987-August 1988); similar procedures were used during an experimental period (September 1988-August 1989) when raccoons were removed and held on the mainland for ca. 1 month during each season and then returned to the island. Abundance of raccoons on the island ranged from 32 to 42 when estimated twice each month; computed indices of relative abundance varied from zero to 286. Rates of visitation by raccoons were highest in spring and summer during both the baseline and experimental period. Visits to scent stations were independent of density throughout the study. During the experimental period, both the largest and smallest observed indices of relative abundance occurred when an estimated 25% of the population had been removed and when all known animals (n = 40) occurred on the island. Local fluctuations of populations may precipitate changes in behavior of raccoons that preclude the use of scent stations to index abundance, particularly in heterogeneous habitats. C1 TENNESSEE TECHNOL UNIV,CTR MANAGEMENT UTILIZAT & PROTECT WATER RESOURCES,COOKEVILLE,TN 38505. TENNESSEE TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT BIOL,COOKEVILLE,TN 38505. RP SMITH, WP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO HARDWOODS LAB,SO FOREST EXPT STN,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 41 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 75 IS 3 BP 637 EP 647 DI 10.2307/1382511 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA PE092 UT WOS:A1994PE09200008 ER PT J AU HAYWARD, GD ROSENTRETER, R AF HAYWARD, GD ROSENTRETER, R TI LICHENS AS NESTING MATERIAL FOR NORTHERN FLYING SQUIRRELS IN THE NORTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE NORTHERN FLYING SQUIRREL; GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; ARBOREAL LICHEN; NESTS; MUTUALISM ID GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; VOLANS AB We examined the composition of nest material used by northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) occupying artificial nest boxes in central Idaho and western Montana. Nests were constructed almost entirely of arboreal lichens (96% lichen by volume). In both regions, three species of Bryoria dominated nesting material although a total of 15 species of lichens were identified in 159 nest samples from central Idaho. Species of lichens used for nests differed across four types of forest vegetation. Nests in stands of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) had more Bryoria fremontii and less B. pseudofuscescens than nests in other forest types. The rank-order abundance of lichens used in nests was related to the rank-order abundance of lichens collected from forests at nest sites, although the relationship was not strong. We suggest that lichen nests may function to reduce thermal energy expenditures during winter or act as food caches. The dominant lichen used in nests lacked acids and other secondary compounds found in other arboreal lichens and, thus, may be more palatable to squirrels. C1 BUR LAND MANAGEMENT, BOISE, ID 83706 USA. RP HAYWARD, GD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, FOREST SCI LAB, 222 S 22ND ST, LARAMIE, WY 82070 USA. NR 34 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 75 IS 3 BP 663 EP 673 DI 10.2307/1382514 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA PE092 UT WOS:A1994PE09200011 ER PT J AU MOTIL, KJ THOTATHUCHERY, M MONTANDON, CM HACHEY, DL BOUTTON, TW KLEIN, PD GARZA, C AF MOTIL, KJ THOTATHUCHERY, M MONTANDON, CM HACHEY, DL BOUTTON, TW KLEIN, PD GARZA, C TI INSULIN, CORTISOL AND THYROID-HORMONES MODULATE MATERNAL PROTEIN STATUS AND MILK-PRODUCTION AND COMPOSITION IN HUMANS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE LACTATION; INSULIN; CORTISOL; HUMANS; PROTEIN METABOLISM ID NONLACTATING WOMEN; DAIRY-COWS; LACTATION; METABOLISM; PROLACTIN; PLASMA; DIET; PERFORMANCE; PREGNANCY; BREAKDOWN AB The partitioning of dietary and endogenous nutrients during lactation is not well understood. To examine associations between plasma hormone and substrate profiles and indices of either maternal body protein metabolism or lactational performance, we measured plasma insulin, cortisol, prolactin, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, individual amino acid, blood urea nitrogen, and prealbumin concentrations in lactating and nulliparous women in the postabsorptive state. We related these measurements to the subjects' nitrogen balance urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion, [1-C-13]leucine metabolism and milk production. Insulin concentrations showed significant positive relationships with nitrogen balance and prealbumin concentrations; cortisol levels showed a significant negative relationship with nitrogen balance and a significant positive relationship with leucine incorporation into protein. Thyroid hormone concentrations showed significant positive relationships with urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion, leucine incorporation into protein, and milk production. Proline concentrations were associated positively with nitrogen balance and negatively with leucine incorporation into protein, whereas glutamate-glutamine concentrations showed positive associations with leucine oxidation and milk nitrogen concentrations. We propose that insulin and cortisol modulate the channeling of nutrients between anabolic and anti-anabolic aspects of maternal body protein metabolism, whereas thyroid hormones and cortisol modulate nutrient partitioning toward milk production and visceral protein synthesis. We suggest that some nonessential amino acids (proline, glutamate-glutamine) may become limiting during lactation because of their unique contributions to milk protein synthesis. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP MOTIL, KJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. RI Boutton, Thomas/C-5821-2016 OI Boutton, Thomas/0000-0002-7522-5728 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00188-25]; NIADDK NIH HHS [AM-28129]; NICHD NIH HHS [5R01-HD-21049-02-05] NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 124 IS 8 BP 1248 EP 1257 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PB800 UT WOS:A1994PB80000013 PM 8064373 ER PT J AU SCHUSCHKE, DA SAARI, JT NUSS, JW MILLER, FN AF SCHUSCHKE, DA SAARI, JT NUSS, JW MILLER, FN TI PLATELET THROMBUS FORMATION AND HEMOSTASIS ARE DELAYED IN THE MICROCIRCULATION OF COPPER-DEFICIENT RATS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE COPPER; RATS; PLATELETS; MICROCIRCULATION; HEMOSTASIS ID DIETARY COPPER; THROMBOXANE PRODUCTION; MICROVESSELS; ERYTHROCYTES; RECRUITMENT; ACTIVATION; MODULATION; REACTIVITY; MESENTERY; LIGHT AB The role of dietary copper in platelet thrombus formation and hemostasis was studied in the cremaster muscle microcirculation. Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed purified diets that were either copper-adequate (94 mu mol Cu/kg diet) or copper-deficient (0 mu mol Cu/kg diet) for 1, 3 or 5 wk. The rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital, and the cremaster was spread in a Krebs-filled tissue bath. Fluorescein isothiocyanate tagged to bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) was injected intra-arterially. After a 20-min equilibration, blue light (1.8 W/cm(2), 450-490 nm) was used to activate the FITC-BSA and induce platelet thrombus formation within the vasculature. In vivo television microscopy was used to quantify the thrombus formation. In rats fed the copper-deficient diet for 3 or 5 wk, platelet thrombus formation induced by photoactivation was significantly (P < 0.05) delayed and prothrombin time was significantly longer but the number of circulating platelets was significantly greater than in age-matched rats fed the copper-adequate diet. Bleeding time, measured after micropuncture of a second-order venule, was significantly longer but hematocrit was significantly lower in rats fed the copper-deficient diet than in those fed the copper-adequate diet. The results demonstrate that platelet-mediated hemostasis is depressed in dietary copper deficiency and that this may be due to a decrease in hematocrit, a decrease in the activity of a coagulation factor and/or an alteration of platelet function. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. RP SCHUSCHKE, DA (reprint author), UNIV LOUISVILLE,CTR APPL MICROCIRCULATORY RES,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292, USA. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 124 IS 8 BP 1258 EP 1264 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PB800 UT WOS:A1994PB80000014 PM 8064374 ER PT J AU REYNOLDS, CK MALTBY, SA AF REYNOLDS, CK MALTBY, SA TI REGULATION OF NUTRIENT PARTITIONING BY VISCERAL TISSUES IN RUMINANTS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposia at the 1993 Spring Meeting of the American-Institute-of-Nutrition CY MAR 28-APR 01, 1993 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP AMER INST NUTR DE VISCERA; RUMINANTS; NUTRIENTS; METABOLISM ID PORTAL-DRAINED VISCERA; VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; ENERGY-METABOLISM; BLOOD-FLOW; INTESTINAL DISAPPEARANCE; CONCENTRATE RATIO; NET METABOLISM; BEEF HEIFERS; AMINO-ACIDS; FED ALFALFA AB Together, tissues of the portal-drained viscera and liver account for 35 to 53% of body oxygen uptake in ruminants, and therefore have a substantial impact on the partition of metabolizable energy between heat loss and production. As proposed more than a century ago, these tissues are principal determinants of heat increment of feeding and increases in heat resulting from increased fiber digestion. The metabolism of these tissues also has a profound impact on the structure and quantity of absorbed nutrients ultimately available for utilization by peripheral tissues. Substantial amounts of absorbed volatile fatty acids and amino acids are oxidized or transformed during their absorption and never reach the portal vein in the form in which they were absorbed. In addition, the liver utilizes large quantities of these nutrients to support glucose, urea and protein synthesis. Ruminants absorb large amounts of ammonia which must be converted to urea by the liver and portal-drained viscera absorption of ammonia and liver urea production are highly correlated with nitrogen intake, but portal-drained viscera absorption of alpha-amino and urea nitrogen is poorly correlated with nitrogen intake. The portal-drained viscera and liver also effect nutrient partitioning by regulating amounts of insulin and glucagon released to peripheral tissues. C1 UNIV READING,DEPT BIOCHEM & PHYSIOL,READING RG6 2AJ,BERKS,ENGLAND. RP REYNOLDS, CK (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 124 IS 8 SU S BP S1399 EP S1403 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PC376 UT WOS:A1994PC37600022 ER PT J AU LICHTENFELS, JR WERGIN, WP AF LICHTENFELS, JR WERGIN, WP TI SUBLATERAL HYPODERMAL CHORDS IN HAEMONCHUS (NEMATODA, TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA) - DESCRIPTION AND POTENTIAL AS A SYSTEMATIC CHARACTER SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Prominent sublateral hypodermal chords (SHC) are described in Haemonchus spp. Four large SHC are located 1 muscle cell away from the lateral chords from the level of the middle of the esophagus to midbody. The SHC are largest in midbody and merge with the lateral chords at about 65% of the body length from the anterior end. With the aid of transmission electron microscopy, a band of nerve tissue was located parallel and medial to the SHC. Haemonchus spp. and Mecistocirrus digitatus have SHC that are so large they can be identified in thick freehand midbody cross sections cut with a cataract knife. Because SHC have not been described in other Trichostrongylidae, their presence in members of the Haemonchinae may have value as a systematic character. RP LICHTENFELS, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSYSTEMAT PARASITOL LAB,ROOM 4,BLDG 1180,BARC-E,10333 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 80 IS 4 BP 620 EP 624 DI 10.2307/3283200 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA PE284 UT WOS:A1994PE28400018 PM 8064530 ER PT J AU ABRAMS, SA AF ABRAMS, SA TI CLINICAL-STUDIES OF MINERAL METABOLISM IN CHILDREN USING STABLE ISOTOPES SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Review ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; INTESTINAL CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; ENDOGENOUS FECAL EXCRETION; JUVENILE RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PREMATURE-INFANTS; EXTRINSIC TAG; ANOREXIA-NERVOSA; IRON-ABSORPTION; ZINC-ABSORPTION C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP ABRAMS, SA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 101 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 19 IS 2 BP 151 EP 163 DI 10.1097/00005176-199408000-00003 PG 13 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA PH333 UT WOS:A1994PH33300003 PM 7815236 ER PT J AU MUHITCH, MJ FELKER, FC AF MUHITCH, MJ FELKER, FC TI INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN-SOURCE ON THE GROWTH, PROLAMIN CONTENT, AND GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE ISOZYME PROFILES OF ENDOSPERM-DERIVED SUSPENSION-CULTURES OF MAIZE SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ZEA MAYS L; AMINO ACID METABOLISM; NITROGEN METABOLISM; PLANT TISSUE CULTURE ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; ZEA-MAYS-L; ROOT-NODULES; EXTRACELLULAR SECRETION; CELL-CULTURES; PROTEINS; EXPRESSION; GENES; KERNELS; LEAVES AB In order to assess the suitability of endosperm-derived suspension cultures (EDSC) as a model system for nitrogen metabolism in intact maize kernel endosperm, the isozyme complements of glutamine synthetase (GS), a key enzyme of nitrogen metabolism in higher plants, were compared from both tissue sources. Anion exchange profiles revealed five GS isozymes from intact endosperm. These same isozymes were also found in EDSC, although in very different relative proportions, along with a sixth isozyme with elution characteristics corresponding to the chloroplast GS from maize leaves. Isoelectric focusing under denaturing conditions followed by immunoblotting revealed the presence of five GS subunits from both intact endosperm and EDSC. The relative abundance of the GS isozymes and subunits from intact endosperm changed strikingly with development. Developmental changes in the isozyme patterns were less dramatic in the EDSC. Culturing the EDSC on alternative nitrogen sources changed the relative proportions of isozymes and affected growth and zein accumulation. It was concluded that while the EDSC do resemble intact endosperm in that they express the same GS subunits, the differences in the relative proportions of those subunits and the corresponding isozymes and differences in developmental changes make extrapolations of results obtained from studies of nitrogen metabolism using the endosperm suspension cultures to the intact endosperm inappropriate. RP MUHITCH, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 144 IS 2 BP 215 EP 221 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PC763 UT WOS:A1994PC76300014 ER PT J AU WANG, XD AF WANG, XD TI ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM OF BETA-CAROTENE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE BETA-CAROTENE; RETINOIC ACID; RETINOL; CENTRAL CLEAVAGE; EXCENTRIC CLEAVAGE; FERRET ID RETINOL-BINDING-PROTEIN; ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; VITAMIN-A-DEFICIENCY; HUMAN-SERUM; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ENZYMATIC CONVERSION; ACID; PLASMA; RAT; FERRETS AB To better understand the potential function of beta-carotene (beta-C) in the prevention of cancer, greater knowledge of beta-C metabolism and a suitable animal model to mimic human beta-C metabolism are necessary. The small intestinal mucosa contains beta-C cleavage enzyme(s), thereby playing an important role in both the provitamin A activity and anti-cancer properties of beta-C. The ability of the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) to absorb intact beta-C makes it an appropriate model for studying human beta-C absorption. This article reviews the absorption and cleavage mechanisms of beta-C in both the human and the ferret. The biosynthesis of retinoic acid (RA) from beta-C via central and excentric cleavage pathways is reviewed. The possible significance of the conversion of beta-C to RA as an anticancer mechanism is discussed. RP WANG, XD (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,GASTROINTESTINAL NUTR LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 113 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 13 IS 4 BP 314 EP 325 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PA466 UT WOS:A1994PA46600004 PM 7963135 ER PT J AU WONG, WW AF WONG, WW TI ENERGY-EXPENDITURE OF FEMALE ADOLESCENTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ENERGY EXPENDITURE; ENERGY REQUIREMENTS; FEMALE; ADOLESCENTS; (H2O)-H-2-O-18; MASS SPECTROMETRY; INDIRECT CALORIMETRY ID DOUBLY-LABELED-WATER; INDIRECT CALORIMETRY; PRETERM INFANTS; DEUTERIUM; CHILDREN; PLASMA; SALIVA; HUMANS; URINE AB Objective: Because of the difficulty in obtaining accurate dietary intake information on children and adolescents, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended that energy requirements in children and adolescents are best established by estimate of energy expenditure in free-living individuals. To define the energy requirements of healthy female adolescents, we used the doubly labeled water method to estimate the total energy expenditure (TEE) of nine female Caucasian adolescents (mean age +/- SD 13.2 +/- 1.8 years; range 10.3-16 years). Methods: We collected a baseline plasma and saliva sample from each subject after she received by mouth 125 mg of O-18 and 100 mg of (H2O)-H-2/kg body weight. A 3-hour postdose plasma sample was also collected. Subsequently at home, each subject collected one postdose saliva sample daily for the next 10 days. The 24-hour respiratory quotient (RQ) of each subject was measured by whole-room calorimetry. The O-18 and H-2 abundances of the plasma and saliva samples were measured by gas-isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Isotope dilution spaces of O-18 (N-o) and H-2 (N-H) were calculated from the enrichment levels of these isotopes in the 3-hour postdose plasma sample. The fractional turnover rates of O-18 (k(o)) and H-2 (k(H)) were calculated from the monoexponential decay curves of these isotopes in the saliva samples. The average CO2 production rate (rCO(2)) over the 10-day period was calculated as rCO(2) (mol/day) = 0.4584 x (k(o) x N-o - k(H) x N-H) The average TEE was calculated from the rCO(2) using the Weir equation. Results: TEE calculated by the isotope method was 2322 +/- 281 kcal/day (range 1850-2656 kcal/ day), which is higher than the levels of energy expenditure (1910-2140 kcal/day) reported by the WHO for healthy female teenagers with a desirable body composition and appropriate level of physical activity. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the activity factors used by the WHO in the calculation of energy expenditure of female adolescents between 10 and 16 years of age might have been underestimated. RP WONG, WW (reprint author), TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 13 IS 4 BP 332 EP 337 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PA466 UT WOS:A1994PA46600006 PM 7963137 ER PT J AU SCHOLNICK, F KRONICK, PL IANDOLA, SK COOKE, PH AF SCHOLNICK, F KRONICK, PL IANDOLA, SK COOKE, PH TI USE OF AN ELASTOMER FORMED IN-SITU FOR SOFTENING LEATHER SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Poly (vinyl oleate) was used as a model compound in a continuing study of polymeric fatliquoring agents. It was emulsion-polymerized in-situ in retanned, non-fatliquored blue stock. The products showed appreciable improvements in mechanical properties, including increased elongation at failure and increased energy to break with no loss in tensile strength. Lower levels of acoustic emission were observed in treated samples, indicating reduction in fiber adhesion. X-ray probe (EDX) microanalysis with the aid of osmium tetroxide was used to locate sites of unsaturation and polymerized vinyl oleate in the interior of the treated leather. RP SCHOLNICK, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 89 IS 8 BP 260 EP 268 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA QN518 UT WOS:A1994QN51800002 ER PT J AU NEFF, WE ADLOF, RO ELAGAIMY, M AF NEFF, WE ADLOF, RO ELAGAIMY, M TI SILVER ION HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF THE TRIACYLGLYCEROLS OF CREPIS-ALPINA SEED OIL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ALKYNOIC ACIDS; CREPENYNIC ACID; CREPIS ALPINA OIL; FLAME-IONIZATION DETECTION; SILVER ION HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; TRICREPENYNOYL GLYCEROL ID VEGETABLE-OILS AB The triacylglycerols of Crepis alpina oil were characterized because this oil has a high concentration of crepenynic (cis-9-odadecen-12-ynoic) acid, a fatty acid useful in the chemical synthesis of deuterated fats for human metabolism studies. The triacylglycerols were separated from the crude oil by solid-phase extraction. Resolution, quantitation and isolation of the individual triacylglycerols were performed by silver ion high-performance liquid chromatography on a commercial column, an acetonitrile in hexane isocratic mobile phase and flame-ionization detection. Isolated triacylglycerols were identified by capillary gas chromatography of their fatty acid methyl esters. Of the eleven eluted triacylglycerols of Crepis alpina oil, 85% included 35% tricrepenynoyl, 34% linoleoyldicrepenynoyl and 16% dilinoleoylcrepenynoyl glycerols. Triacylglycerols eluted according to the numbers of alkene and alkyne bonds. Elution times, resolution and quantitation were reproducible over a three-month period. The flame-ionization detector response required no response factors for quantitation of the triacylglycerols present in Crepis alpina oil. The silver ion chromatography system permitted the identification of 95% of the triacylglycerols compared to 70% of the triacylglycerols previously identified with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. RP NEFF, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 71 IS 8 BP 853 EP 855 DI 10.1007/BF02540461 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PC644 UT WOS:A1994PC64400011 ER PT J AU FEAIRHELLER, SH BISTLINE, RG BILYK, A DUDLEY, RL KOZEMPEL, MF HAAS, MJ AF FEAIRHELLER, SH BISTLINE, RG BILYK, A DUDLEY, RL KOZEMPEL, MF HAAS, MJ TI A NOVEL TECHNIQUE FOR THE PREPARATION OF SECONDARY FATTY AMIDES .3. ALKANOLAMIDES, DIAMIDES AND ARALKYLAMIDES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ALKANOLAMIDES; AMIDATION; ARALKYLAMIDES; DIAMIDES; METHYL TALLOWATE; PALMITIC ACID; TALLOW; TRIPALMITIN AB A low-temperature synthesis of fatty alkanolamides, fatty diamides and fatty aralkylamides directly from triglycerides and primary amines provides essentially quantitative yields of the various products. The reactions run to completion in 3-12 h at temperatures of 50-60 degrees C, approximately 100 degrees C lower than employed in present conventional practice. The amines are used in excess and serve as solvent, reagent and, perhaps, as catalyst. The amides were characterized by melting point and spectroscopic (infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance) methods. If the mixed amides produced from the various natural triglyceride mixtures of fats and oils are acceptable products, this synthetic method provides these products in satisfactory quality while conserving energy and avoiding the intermediate production of free fatty acids or their esters. RP FEAIRHELLER, SH (reprint author), USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 12 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 71 IS 8 BP 863 EP 866 DI 10.1007/BF02540463 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PC644 UT WOS:A1994PC64400013 ER PT J AU CHASE, GW AKOH, CC EITENMILLER, RR AF CHASE, GW AKOH, CC EITENMILLER, RR TI ANALYSIS OL TOCOPHEROLS IN VEGETABLE-OILS BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY - COMPARISON OF FLUORESCENCE AND EVAPORATIVE LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ELSD; EVAPORATIVE LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTOR; FLUORESCENCE; GPC; HPLC; INTERNAL STANDARD; NORMAL-PHASE; TOCOL; TOCOPHEROLS ID GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; REVERSE PHASE CHROMATOGRAPHY; RETINYL PALMITATE; INFANT FORMULAS; HPLC AB A comparison of the responses of an evaporative lightscattering detector (ELSD) and a fluorescence detector for tocopherols in vegetable oils by high performance liquid chromatography is presented. The tocopherols were separated from acylglycerols by gel-permeation chromatography (GPC). The tocopherol fraction was collected off a set of four GPC columns with a mobile phase of methylene chloride before separation on a normal-phase silica column with a mobile phase of hexane/isopropanol, 99.7:0.3 (vol/vol). An internal standard of 5,7 dimethyltocol, which was detected by both the ELSD and fluorescence detector, was used to obtain quantitative data. The fluorescence detector was ten times more sensitive than the ELSD. gamma-Tocopherol was the major tocopherol detected in the vegetable oils studied and ranged from 24.1-93.3 mg/100 g. The amounts of tocopherols found in the vegetable oils agreed favorably with the literature values. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA,ATLANTA,GA 30309. RI Akoh, Casimir/F-6460-2011 OI Akoh, Casimir/0000-0002-2323-9298 NR 12 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 71 IS 8 BP 877 EP 880 DI 10.1007/BF02540466 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PC644 UT WOS:A1994PC64400016 ER PT J AU CARLSON, KD KLEIMAN, R AF CARLSON, KD KLEIMAN, R TI SURVEY OF COMMERCIAL VARIETIES OF NASTURTIUM, TROPAEOLUM-MAJUS L SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Letter RP CARLSON, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 71 IS 8 BP 917 EP 917 DI 10.1007/BF02540475 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PC644 UT WOS:A1994PC64400025 ER PT J AU FRENCH, R ROBERTSON, NL AF FRENCH, R ROBERTSON, NL TI SIMPLIFIED SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR DETECTION OF WHEAT STREAK MOSAIC-VIRUS AND BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS BY PCR SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Note DE WHEAT STREAK MOSAIC VIRUS; BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PCR ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; CAPSID PROTEIN; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; CLONING; PRIMERS; GENE AB A PCR diagnostic procedure for wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) was developed using a primer derived from 3'-terminal sequences of five WSMV isolates and an oligo d(T)-based primer. Cereal extracts prepared by digestion with proteinase K and boiling permitted PCR-based detection of both WSMV and BYDV in field samples. This procedure saves time, eliminates multiple liquid transfer steps, and reduces the chances of cross contamination. Sensitivity of such assays is still very good; BYDV could be readily detected in plant sap diluted over 1000-fold. Further, parallel detection of WSMV and barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in the same samples is possible with this method. RP FRENCH, R (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD AUG PY 1994 VL 49 IS 1 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(94)90059-0 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA PF136 UT WOS:A1994PF13600010 PM 7829597 ER PT J AU RIEDER, E BAXT, B MASON, PW AF RIEDER, E BAXT, B MASON, PW TI ANIMAL-DERIVED ANTIGENIC VARIANTS OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS TYPE A(12) HAVE LOW-AFFINITY FOR CELLS IN CULTURE SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; NEUTRALIZING EPITOPES; RNA VIRUSES; SELECTION; ACID; SUBSTITUTIONS; ADAPTATION; POLYMERASE; NUCLEOTIDE; MUTATIONS AB We recently have shown that binding of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) to cells in culture requires an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence in the G-H loop of the capsid protein VP1 (P. W. Mason, E. Rieder, and B. Baxt, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:1932-1936, 1994). In this report, we show that FMDV type A(12) viruses found in infected bovine tongue tissue (BTT) differ from their tissue culture-grown derivatives at amino acid residues near the RGD. Viruses genetically engineered to contain VP1 sequences found in animal tissue (BTT viruses) were antigenically different from their tissue culture derivatives and hound to BHK cells more poorly than did the tissue culture-adapted viruses. Passage of the genetically engineered BTT viruses in BHK cells resulted in the rapid selection of variants with cell-binding properties, antigenic characteristics, and sequences typical of tissue culture-adapted viruses. These data indicate that residues near the RGD are critical for cell binding and that interpretations of antigenic variation of FMDV can be affected by virus cultivation in vitro. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 31 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 68 IS 8 BP 5296 EP 5299 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA NW978 UT WOS:A1994NW97800069 PM 8035529 ER PT J AU JARVIS, LJ KOSKINEN, WC DOWDY, RH AF JARVIS, LJ KOSKINEN, WC DOWDY, RH TI AUTOMATION OF SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION SO LABORATORY ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Article AB Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is becoming an increasingly popular method for extraction of organic chemicals from different matrices. The SFE method decreases solvent use and extraction time compared to corresponding traditional extraction methods. Automating a SFE instrument would significantly increase throughput with decreased labor by using the instrument 24 hours a day. By modifying a commercially available laboratory robotics system and a SFE instrument, we successfully automated the SFE of pesticides from different environmentally related matrices with increased sample throughput and decreased labor. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ROOM 454,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0895-7533 J9 LAB ROBOTICS AUTOMAT JI Lab. Robot. Autom. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 6 IS 4 BP 167 EP 170 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Robotics GA PL633 UT WOS:A1994PL63300002 ER PT J AU STEVENS, TH MORE, TA GLASS, RJ AF STEVENS, TH MORE, TA GLASS, RJ TI INTERPRETATION AND TEMPORAL STABILITY OF CV BIDS FOR WILDLIFE EXISTENCE - A PANEL STUDY SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID CONTINGENT VALUATION METHOD; VALUING PUBLIC-GOODS; RELIABILITY; VALUES AB Existence values are playing an increasingly important role in wildlife preservation decisions, but little is known about how these values behave over time, and value estimates may often be misinterpreted. Panel study results suggest that although existence values may be relatively stable, many individuals respond to contingent valuation by bidding their ''fair share'' or for the satisfaction from contributing to a good cause, such as environmental quality. Although payment of fair share may represent a lower bound estimate of existence value, payment for a ''good cause '' may or may not be closely related to the value of the resource itself. C1 USFOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,BURLINGTON,VA. RP STEVENS, TH (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT RESOURCE ECON,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 4 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 70 IS 3 BP 355 EP 363 DI 10.2307/3146535 PG 9 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PA797 UT WOS:A1994PA79700009 ER PT J AU GUSTAFSON, EJ PARKER, GR AF GUSTAFSON, EJ PARKER, GR TI USING AN INDEX OF HABITAT PATCH PROXIMITY FOR LANDSCAPE DESIGN SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE HABITAT PATCH; LANDSCAPE DESIGN; PROXIMITY INDEX ID POPULATION; FRAGMENTATION; EXTINCTION; DISPERSAL; ECOLOGY; SCALE; SINKS AB A proximity index (PX) inspired by island biogeography theory is described which quantifies the spatial context of a habitat patch in relation to its neighbors. The index distinguishes sparse distributions of small habitat patches from clusters of large patches. An evaluation of the relationship between PX and variation in the spatial characteristics of clusters of patches showed that reduction in the isolation of patches within a cluster produced exponential increases in PX, and that increase in the size of those patches produced a more modest linear increase in PX. Simulations using neutral model landscapes were used to determine the effect of the scale of analysis on PX. Increased size of the neighborhood considered around a habitat patch (proximity buffer) produced linear increases in PX, the slope being dependent on the proportion of the habitat of interest on the landscape. The proximity index was used to evaluate three alternative conservation reserve designs in an agricultural landscape, and comparisons were made among designs consisting of the same area of forest habitat added to the landscape. The 'single, large' reserve design produced the greatest increase in mean PX values among forest patches on the landscape when the total area of forest added was greater-than-or-equal-to 842 ha, and the 'several, small' reserve design produced the greatest increase when the total area of forest added was less-than-or-equal-to 716 ha. The 'string-of-pearls' reserve design produced mean PX values approximately equal to those of the 'single, large' configuration when the total area of forest added was less-than-or-equal-to 716 ha and the proximity buffer was greater-than-or-equal-to 2.1 km, since the 'string-of-pearls' configuration produced a higher total number of neighbors around the added reserves, which helped offset the smaller size of each reserve. Large reserves have more area, but their influence is limited to fewer neighbors. There appears to be a size threshold where the increased area of single, large reserves produced higher PX values than other configurations that influence more neighbors. Visualization of the spatial distribution of PX values across the landscape can reveal how organisms with specific movement scales might perceive the effective fragmentation of the landscape (spatial variability of PX), further aiding conservation reserve planning and design. RP GUSTAFSON, EJ (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY & NAT RESOURCES,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1158 ENTM 220,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. RI Zhang, Liping/N-8242-2014 NR 41 TC 92 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 29 IS 2-3 BP 117 EP 130 DI 10.1016/0169-2046(94)90022-1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA PL545 UT WOS:A1994PL54500004 ER PT J AU TREVINO, SF JOUBRAN, R PARRIS, N BERK, NF AF TREVINO, SF JOUBRAN, R PARRIS, N BERK, NF TI STRUCTURE OF A TRIGLYCERIDE MICROEMULSION - A SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDY SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID BICONTINUOUS STRUCTURE; MODEL MICROEMULSIONS; SURFACTANT SYSTEMS; VEGETABLE-OILS; MICELLAR; WATER AB The microscopic structure of a microemulsion of soybean oil, water-ethanol (80/20 wt %), and polyoxyethylene(40) sorbitol hexaoleats has been studied with small angle neutron scattering. The concentrations of the three components are varied such that the oil-surfactant ratio is constant and stable microemulsions are obtained in regions of the phase diagram corresponding to bicontinuous and L2 phases. Small angle neutron scattering is measured as a function of concentration and temperature in order to describe the structure of the microemulsions. The results are consistent with a bicontinuous phase in the cases of largest aqueous content. In the low aqueous concentration samples, a substantial correlation is found in the spatial distribution of this minority phase. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP TREVINO, SF (reprint author), US ARDEC,PICATINNY ARSENAL,NJ 07801, USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG PY 1994 VL 10 IS 8 BP 2547 EP 2552 DI 10.1021/la00020a010 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA PC650 UT WOS:A1994PC65000010 ER PT J AU DOEHLERT, DC KNUTSON, CA VESONDER, RF AF DOEHLERT, DC KNUTSON, CA VESONDER, RF TI PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF FUMONISIN B-1 ON MAIZE SEEDLING GROWTH SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE AMYLASES; FUMONISIN; MAIZE; SEED GERMINATION ID F-SP-LYCOPERSICI; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; TOXIN AB Fumonisin B-1 toxin is produced by the fungus Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon, which is systemic to maize (Zea mays L.) and maize seeds. The effects of zero to 100 parts per million fumonisin B-1 on the germination process of maize seeds was determined. The presence of fumonisin had no effect on percent seed germination, but fumonisin inhibited radicle elongation by up to 75% after 48 hours of imbibition. An analysis of amylase secretion in the maize endosperm indicated that fumonisins inhibited amylase production in the germinating seed. Isoelectric focusing of endosperm extracts indicated that secretion of the low pi class of amylases was affected more that other amylase isozymes. The results suggested that the presence of high levels of fumonisin in maize seed may have deleterious effects on seedling emergence. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PHYTOPROD UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD AUG PY 1994 VL 127 IS 2 BP 117 EP 121 DI 10.1007/BF01103067 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA PG721 UT WOS:A1994PG72100009 ER PT J AU KLICH, MA ARTHUR, KS LAX, AR BLAND, JM AF KLICH, MA ARTHUR, KS LAX, AR BLAND, JM TI ITURIN-A - A POTENTIAL NEW FUNGICIDE FOR STORED GRAINS SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE BACILLUS SUBTILIS; BIORATIONAL CONTROL; STORAGE FUNGI ID BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BROWN ROT AB The removal of many synthetic fungicides from the market has created a demand for new, environmentally safe fungicides. Iturin A, a cyclic lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis, has strong antifungal properties and low mammalian toxicity. To determine the efficacy of this compound as a potential fungicide on stored feed grains, lots of corn, peanuts and cottonseed were treated with varying concentrations of iturin A. The mycoflora of treated seed was assayed along with that of untreated seed and seed treated with fungicides used commercially for planting seed. Fungal species varied considerably in their sensitivity to iturin A. Significant reductions in total mycoflora occurred in most seed lots tested at iturin A concentrations of 50 to 100 ppm. C1 GUSTAFSON INC,MCKINNEY,TX. RP KLICH, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 19 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD AUG PY 1994 VL 127 IS 2 BP 123 EP 127 DI 10.1007/BF01103068 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA PG721 UT WOS:A1994PG72100010 PM 7984212 ER PT J AU KEANE, RE MORGAN, P MENAKIS, JP AF KEANE, RE MORGAN, P MENAKIS, JP TI LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT OF THE DECLINE OF WHITEBARK-PINE (PINUS-ALBICAULIS) IN THE BOB MARSHALL WILDERNESS COMPLEX, MONTANA, USA SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) provides important food for wildlife and important cover for snow retention and watershed protection in high-elevation ecosystems of the northwestern United States. In the northern Rocky Mountains, this species is being reduced at accelerated rates by blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), mountain pine beetle (Dentroctonous ponderosae), and advancing succession resulting from fire exclusion. This study evaluates the extent and severity of the decline of whitebark pine in the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex (BMWC) of Montana. Results of an extensive field survey of various whitebark pine communities were used to evaluate past and current whitebark pine population levels. Satellite imagery (LANDSAT TM) data were used in conjunction with field data to classify 14 BMWC subalpine cover types and 3 forest decline classes to detect extent of whitebark mortality in the study area. Results indicate whitebark pine population levels are rapidly decreasing, mostly as a result of the exotic disease blister rust. Field results show 83% of the 2,503 sampled whitebark pine trees are infected with blister rust and an average of 33% of their crowns have been killed by the disease. Results of the satellite image classification show whitebark pine dominant on 56% of the 311,257 hectares comprising the BMWC subalpine analysis area. Subalpine fir dominated a high proportion (14%) of this landscape, about 7% greater than its historical landscape composition. Approximately 22% of this landscape containing whitebark pine is now experiencing high mortality and 39% is experiencing moderate mortality. Classification accuracy was 60% for the vegetation cover types and 78% for the forest decline classes. RP KEANE, RE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMOUNTAIN FIRE SCI LAB,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,POB 8089,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. RI Lundquist, John/B-6433-2012 NR 0 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 25 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 68 IS 3 BP 213 EP 229 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PJ430 UT WOS:A1994PJ43000008 ER PT J AU REEVES, PG ROSSOW, KL JOHNSON, L AF REEVES, PG ROSSOW, KL JOHNSON, L TI MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR COPPER IN ADULT MALE-MICE FED AIN-93M RODENT DIET SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE COPPER; CERULOPLASMIN; LIVER; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; REQUIREMENT; MICE ID ORTHO-DIANISIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE; OXIDASE ACTIVITY; PURIFIED DIETS; RATS; CERULOPLASMIN; DEFICIENCY; SERUM AB Adult male Swiss-Webster mice were fed diets similar to AIN-93M containing 0.8, 1.7, 2.5, 3.6, 4.3, 5.4, and 6.5 mg copper/kg. Significant reductions in serum copper, serum ceruloplasmin amine oxidase activity, and liver copper concentrations were observed in mice fed dietary copper concentrations lower than 2.5 mg/kg. By using nonlinear modeling of serum copper concentrations and serum ceruloplasmin amine oxidase activity, it was estimated that the minimal dietary concentration of copper to maintain maximal levels of these parameters in adult male mice was between 2.5 and 4 mg/kg diet. RP REEVES, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,2420 2ND AVE N,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1219 EP 1226 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80248-9 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA NY936 UT WOS:A1994NY93600008 ER PT J AU KLEVAY, LM POND, WG MEDEIROS, DM AF KLEVAY, LM POND, WG MEDEIROS, DM TI DECREASED HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AND APOPROTEIN A-I IN PLASMA AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL PATHOLOGY IN CARDIAC-MUSCLE OF YOUNG-PIGS FED A DIET HIGH IN ZINC SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CARDIOPATHY; CHOLESTEROL; COPPER; COPPER DEFICIENCY; DYSLIPIDEMIA; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LIPOPROTEINS; ZINC SUPPLEMENTS ID EXPERIMENTAL COPPER DEPLETION; WILSONS-DISEASE; DEFICIENCY; RATS; MITOCHONDRIAL; THERAPY; SERUM; ABNORMALITIES; HYPERTROPHY; ENLARGEMENT AB People who supplement their diets with extra zinc usually have potentially harmful changes in lipoprotein metabolism. Because zinc can interfere with copper metabolism and copper deficiency has produced similar changes in lipid metabolism in animals and people, the hypothesis that lipid alterations from high zinc intakes are accompanied by changes in copper metabolism was tested. Progenies of swine fed a high zinc (5000 mg/kg diet) or normal zinc (150 mg/kg diet) diet during pregnancy and lactation were weaned to practical diets of natural products containing similar amounts of zinc. Concentrations of apoprotein A-I (p<0.05) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.004) were decreased and the age-related increase in the latter was delayed (p=0.0001) by high zinc intake. Copper in blood plasma (p=0.0008), heart (p<0.004) and liver (p<0.06) were decreased by high zinc intake which increased plasma (p=0.001) and liver zinc (p=0.0001). Quantitative electron microscopy revealed that hearts of young pigs fed high zinc had less myofibrillar volume and a higher volume ratio of mitochondria to myofibrils. Anatomical changes, lipid concentrations and copper concentrations were consonant with the induction of mild copper deficiency by high intakes of zinc. The potentially hazardous changes in lipid metabolism usually found in people who take zinc supplements probably are the result of an induction of mild copper deficiency. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT NUTR & FOOD MANAGEMENT,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP KLEVAY, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 9034,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. OI Medeiros, Denis/0000-0002-3848-2071 NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1227 EP 1239 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80249-0 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA NY936 UT WOS:A1994NY93600009 ER PT J AU WOOD, RJ AF WOOD, RJ TI POTASSIUM BICARBONATE SUPPLEMENTATION AND CALCIUM-METABOLISM IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN - ARE WE BARKING UP THE WRONG TREE SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SODIUM-BICARBONATE; BALANCE; MEN AB A recent study of postmenopausal women has shown that the administration of 60-120 mmol potassium bicarbonate can neutralize net acid excretion and significantly lower urinary calcium (Ca). The changes in urinary calcium loss were sufficient to improve calcium balance and skeletal metabolism in these subjects. However, the design of the study was such that the relevance of these findings to the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis is suspect. RP WOOD, RJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,MINERAL BIOAVAILABIL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 52 IS 8 BP 278 EP 280 PN 1 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PH042 UT WOS:A1994PH04200005 PM 7970292 ER PT J AU BLUMBERG, J AF BLUMBERG, J TI NUTRIENT-REQUIREMENTS OF THE HEALTHY ELDERLY - SHOULD THERE BE SPECIFIC RDAS SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US Administration on Aging Symposium: Nutrition Research and the Elderly CY MAR 25-26, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP US ADM AGING, NATL ELDERCARE INST NUTR, NESTLE USA INC, NESTLE R&D, AMER DIETET ASSOC, GERONTOL NUTRITIONISTS PRACTICE GRP ID VITAMIN-E CONSUMPTION; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; RISK; SUPPLEMENTATION; DEFICIENCY; NUTRITION; DISEASE; ADULTS; MEN C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP BLUMBERG, J (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 52 IS 8 SU S BP S15 EP S18 PN 2 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PH405 UT WOS:A1994PH40500007 PM 7970296 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, IH AF ROSENBERG, IH TI KEYS TO A LONGER, HEALTHIER, MORE VITAL LIFE SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Note CT US Administration on Aging Symposium: Nutrition Research and the Elderly CY MAR 25-26, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP US ADM AGING, NATL ELDERCARE INST NUTR, NESTLE USA INC, NESTLE R&D, AMER DIETET ASSOC, GERONTOL NUTRITIONISTS PRACTICE GRP RP ROSENBERG, IH (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 52 IS 8 SU S BP S50 EP S51 PN 2 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PH405 UT WOS:A1994PH40500018 PM 7970308 ER PT J AU SILVER, WL AF SILVER, WL TI IS NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY RELATED TO PLANT NUTRIENT USE IN HUMID TROPICAL FORESTS SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE HUMID TROPICAL FORESTS; LITTERFALL; SOIL PHOSPHORUS; SOIL NITROGEN; NUTRIENT-USE EFFICIENCY ID SMALL ULTRABASIC MOUNTAIN; MONTANE RAIN-FORESTS; MULU-NATIONAL-PARK; PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION; MINERAL-NUTRITION; GUNUNG SILAM; PUERTO-RICO; NEW-GUINEA; LITTERFALL; GROWTH AB Data on soil nutrient availability for humid tropical forests are often reported, but are rarely integrated in an ecologically meaningful way with other measures of nutrient cycling. In this paper, estimates of soil nutrient availability and the inverse of litterfall nutrient concentrations (as an index of plant nutrient use) were compared, using data from 36 sites throughout the humid tropics, to determine if relationships exist between commonly used indices of nutrient cycling for plants and soils. Measures of both extractable and total soil P were significantly and positively correlated with the ratio of litterfall mass/P, particularly for montane tropical forests. Extractable soil P was also significantly correlated with litterfall mass for lowland humid tropical forests, explaining 58% of the variability in litterfall mass. A weak, albeit significant correlation was found between exchangeable soil Ca and litterfall mass/Ca, even though soil extraction techniques vary greatly. No significant relationship was found for total soil N, the most commonly measured soil N pool, and the inverse of litterfall N concentrations. The results suggest that our indices of soil P are related to litterfall processes, but that other measures, particularly total soil N, may not be as relevant to nutrient cycling by the vegetation. C1 US FOREST SERV,INT INST TROP FORESTRY,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. RI Silver, Whendee/H-1118-2012 NR 55 TC 67 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 1994 VL 98 IS 3-4 BP 336 EP 343 DI 10.1007/BF00324222 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PE432 UT WOS:A1994PE43200013 PM 28313910 ER PT J AU DOWELL, FE AF DOWELL, FE TI NEURAL NETWORKER PARAMETER EFFECTS ON OBJECT CLASSIFICATION AND WAVELENGTH SELECTION SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE NEURAL NETWORKS; ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE; INSPECTION; AGRICULTURE AB A back propagative neural network (NN) was used to select visible spectrum (400 to 700 nm) wavelengths and classify damaged and undamaged peanut kernels. Results showed kernel classifications were best, network errors were minimized, and speed of convergence was greatest when the NN was set up with 20 or more hidden nodes, a momentum of 0.45 or less, and using about 1,000,000 learning events. Reflectance data in the 620 to 700-nm range were most influential in classifying kernels followed by relative reflectance in the 400 to 480-nm range. The learning rate did not affect NN performance, but higher learning rates converged more quickly. The most accurate classification performance occurred when the NN had 40 hidden nodes an a momentum of 0.45. These settings resulted in correct classification of 87.8% of all kernels. When compared to statistical means of classifying kernels using data from specific wavelengths or data from a colorimeter, the NN correctly classified about 5% and 13% more kernels, respectively. RP DOWELL, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,1011 FORRESTER DR SE,DAWSON,GA 31742, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PHOTO-OPT INSTRUM ENG PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 33 IS 8 BP 2728 EP 2732 DI 10.1117/12.173579 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA PB299 UT WOS:A1994PB29900034 ER PT J AU LAMBOY, WF AF LAMBOY, WF TI COMPUTING GENETIC SIMILARITY COEFFICIENTS FROM RAPD DATA - THE EFFECTS OF PCR ARTIFACTS SO PCR-METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; MARKERS; CULTIVARS; IDENTIFICATION; GENOTYPES AB Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers have been used for many types of genetic analyses, including genome mapping, genotype fingerprinting, phylogeny reconstruction, and measuring genetic similarities. They suffer from one potential limitation, however, because the PCR that is used to produce informative amplification products often produces artifactual products as well. Optimization of PCR protocols to eliminate artifactual bands completely is often too costly or too time-consuming to be practical. Other methods for handling RAPD artifacts, such as deleting inconsistent or faint bands or using only those bands that are reproducible, introduce false negatives into the data. Simply ignoring artifacts and using all bands Introduces false positives. When RAPD data are used to compute genetic similarity coefficients, such artifacts can cause significant bias In the estimation. The three coefficients most widely used with RAPD data, the simple matching coefficient, Jaccard's coefficient and Nei and Li's coefficient, differ in the amount of bias produced by a given level of artifactual bands. The simple matching coefficient and Nei and Li's coefficient always exhibit less percent bias than Jaccard's coefficient. For closely related organisms, Nei and Li's coefficient displays less percent bias than the simple matching coefficient. if new DNA samples possessing RAPD markers not present in the previously analyzed samples are added to a study, values of the simple matching coefficient will need to be computed for all samples, not just the new ones. Jaccard's and Nei and Li's coefficients, however, will not need to be recomputed. Furthermore, only Nei and Li's coefficient has a direct biological meaning (it Is an estimate of the expected proportion of amplified fragments shared by two samples because they were inherited from a common ancestor). On the basis of these results, Nei and Li's coefficient Is recommended for routine computation of genetic similarities using RAPD data, particularly if PCR artifacts are present. C1 CORNELL UNIV, USDA ARS, PLANT GENET RESOURCES UNIT, GENEVA, NY 14456 USA. RP LAMBOY, WF (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV, DEPT HORT SCI, GENEVA, NY 14456 USA. NR 30 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1054-9803 J9 PCR METH APPL JI PCR-Methods Appl. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 4 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RM625 UT WOS:A1994RM62500006 PM 9018314 ER PT J AU LAMBOY, WF AF LAMBOY, WF TI COMPUTING GENETIC SIMILARITY COEFFICIENTS FROM RAPD DATA - CORRECTING FOR THE EFFECTS OF PCR ARTIFACTS CAUSED BY VARIATION IN EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS SO PCR-METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MARKERS AB The production of informative random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers using PCR and a single primer is often accompanied by the generation of artifactual (noninformative) bands as well. When RAPD data are used to compute genetic similarity coefficients, these artifacts (false positives, false negatives, or both) can cause large biases in the numerical values of the coefficients. As a result, some workers have been reluctant to use RAPD markers in the estimation of genetic similarities. Artifactual bands are of two types: those caused by variation in experimental conditions, and those caused by characteristics of the DNA to be amplified. A procedure is described that allows for correction of the bias caused by the first type of artifact, providing that replicate DNA sampler have been extracted, amplified, and scored. The resulting data are used to obtain an estimate of the proportion of false-positive and false-negatives bands. These values are then used to correct the bias in the computed similarity coefficients. Two examples are given, one In which bias correction is critical to the results, and one In which it is less important. The maximum percent bias, computed from the estimated proportions of false positives and false negatives in the RAPD data set, Is proposed as a criterion for determining whether bias correction of the similarity coefficients is required or not. Although all reasonable efforts should be made to optimize PCR protocols to eliminate artifactual bands, when this is not possible, the methods described allow RAPD markers to compute genetic similarities reliably and accurately, even when artifactual bands resulting from variation in experimental conditions are present. C1 CORNELL UNIV, USDA ARS, PLANT GENET RESOURCES UNIT, GENEVA, NY 14456 USA. RP LAMBOY, WF (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV, DEPT HORT SCI, GENEVA, NY 14456 USA. NR 11 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 SN 1054-9803 J9 PCR METH APPL JI PCR-Methods Appl. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 4 IS 1 BP 38 EP 43 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RM625 UT WOS:A1994RM62500007 PM 9018315 ER PT J AU HE, GH PRAKASH, CS JARRET, RL TUZUN, S QIU, JS AF HE, GH PRAKASH, CS JARRET, RL TUZUN, S QIU, JS TI COMPARISON OF GEL MATRICES FOR RESOLVING PCR-AMPLIFIED DNA FINGERPRINT PROFILES SO PCR-METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Note ID PRIMERS C1 USDA ARS,PLANT INTRODUCT STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. AUBURN UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP HE, GH (reprint author), TUSKEGEE UNIV,SCH AGR & HOME ECON,PLANT MOLEC & CELLULAR GENET LAB,TUSKEGEE,AL 36088, USA. NR 5 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 SN 1054-9803 J9 PCR METH APPL JI PCR-Methods Appl. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 4 IS 1 BP 50 EP 51 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA RM625 UT WOS:A1994RM62500010 PM 9018318 ER PT J AU ANDREEV, D ROCHELEAU, T PHILLIPS, TW BEEMAN, RW FFRENCHCONSTANT, RH AF ANDREEV, D ROCHELEAU, T PHILLIPS, TW BEEMAN, RW FFRENCHCONSTANT, RH TI A PCR DIAGNOSTIC FOR CYCLODIENE INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN THE RED FLOUR BEETLE TRIBOLIIUM-CASTANEUM SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA; GENE AB A molecular diagnostic was used to examine the conservation of cyclodiene resistance associated mutations between different strains of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.). An improved insecticide bioassay for discrimination between resistant genotypes was developed and seven resistant strains were established from five different continents. In order to develop a molecular diagnostic a partial cDNA of the cyclodiene insecticide resistance gene Rdl, a gamma-aminobutyric-acid-gated chloride-ion channel, was cloned and sequenced. This cDNA spans exon 7, the region containing the resistance-associated mutation, and part of exon 8. An 'allele-specific' oligonucleotide primer, carrying the resistance-associated mutation at its 3' end, was used in combination with a flanking 'allele-independent' primer in the polymerase chain reaction to selectively amplify a single resistance-associated mutation from all seven strains collected worldwide. The implications of these findings for the population genetics of insecticide resistance and its management in pest insects via quarantine are discussed. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ENTOMOL,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECT RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 41 IS 4 BP 345 EP 349 DI 10.1002/ps.2780410410 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA PB719 UT WOS:A1994PB71900009 ER PT J AU ADAMSE, P BRITZ, SJ CALDWELL, CR AF ADAMSE, P BRITZ, SJ CALDWELL, CR TI AMELIORATION OF UV-B DAMAGE UNDER HIGH IRRADIANCE .2. ROLE OF BLUE-LIGHT PHOTORECEPTORS SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; LEAF OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PHOTON FLUX-DENSITY; PETROSELINUM-HORTENSE; SPECTRAL QUALITY; RADIATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PHYTOCHROME; SENSITIVITY; SEEDLINGS AB Sensitivity of plants to UV-B radiation (280-315 nm) is often reduced at high background irradiance. Interpretation of plant responses to potential increases in solar UV-B requires improved understanding of interactions between UV-B and other environmental parameters. In this study, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400-700 nm) was kept approximately constant (38 mol m(-2) per day) while the daily blue light fluence (BL, 400-500 nm) was varied between 0.23 and 2.68 mol m(-2). Two lines of cucumber (cvs Ashley and Poinsett) with differential sensitivity to UV-B were compared. At low BL, 3 days of UV-B treatment (21 kJ m(-2) biologically effective radiation per 10 h per day) caused severe inhibition of growth in a developing leaf in both cultivars. Growth effects were detectable sooner and were accompanied by chlorotic lesions in the sensitive cultivar (cv Poinsett). Supplemental BL progressively reduced symptoms, consistent with an important role for BL photoreceptor(s) in prevention or repair of UV-B damage. Ultraviolet-induced increases in UV-absorbing compounds on an area basis were significant within 24 h of the start of the treatment but were independent of BL fluence over the range tested, suggesting that bulk accumulation of screening pigments did not contribute to BL-dependent amelioration of UV damage. However, BL did stimulate net increases in extractable UV-absorbing compounds from an important role in overall UV-B protection nor do they rule out some more specific function for these compounds (e.g. antioxidants). Finally, BL effects on UV-B alteration of leaf growth and accumulation of UV-absorbing compounds were not saturated under the conditions used here, suggesting that BL may contribute to interactions between UV-B and natural levels of background irradiance. Caution is urged in the interpretation of data on UV-B effects obtained under conditions of low BL irradiance. C1 USDA,ARS,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OI Adamse, Paulien/0000-0002-7490-2424 NR 32 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 60 IS 2 BP 110 EP 115 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1994.tb05075.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA PC467 UT WOS:A1994PC46700004 ER PT J AU BRITZ, SJ ADAMSE, P AF BRITZ, SJ ADAMSE, P TI UV-B-INDUCED INCREASE IN SPECIFIC LEAF WEIGHT OF CUCUMBER AS A CONSEQUENCE OF INCREASED STARCH CONTENT SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTON FLUX-DENSITY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RADIATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH; IRRADIATION; METABOLISM; PLANTS; LEAVES AB Specific leaf weight (SLW), the ratio of leaf dry matter to area, often increases in plants exposed to elevated UV-B radiation (280-315 nm). Increased SLW can result from greater leaf thickness or increased leaf density (e.g. accumulation of high density substances in cells). The basis for large increases in SLW was examined in the first and third leaves of cucumber differing in developmental stage at the start of UV treatment. Leaf 1 was approximately 50% fully expanded, while leaf 3 had just unfolded. It is shown here that up to 80% of the W-generated change in SLW in leaf 1 was caused by accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates, especially starch (increasing from 13 to 23% of total dry weight). Leaf 3 contained a much smaller proportion of nonstructural carbohydrates (less than 8%) and the effect on SLW was correspondingly less. As shown in the previous paper, UV-B inhibition of growth in leaf 3 was reversed by supplemental blue light (BL) in a fluence-dependent manner between 0.23 to 2.68 mol m(-2) per day. Fluence-response curves revealed that supplemental BL reversed both the UV-induced accumulation of starch and increase in SLW in leaf 1 over the same range. The data are consistent with a back-up of photosynthate into leaf 1 as a result of UV-B inhibition of growth in leaf 3. The data also demonstrate that increases in SLW cannot be assumed to represent increases in leaf thickness. RP BRITZ, SJ (reprint author), USDA,ARS,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BLDG 046A,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Adamse, Paulien/0000-0002-7490-2424 NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 60 IS 2 BP 116 EP 119 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1994.tb05076.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA PC467 UT WOS:A1994PC46700005 ER PT J AU DUYSEN, M OTTO, P WILLIAMS, N AF DUYSEN, M OTTO, P WILLIAMS, N TI HIGH LIGHT FLUENCE IMPAIRS LIGHT-HARVESTING CHL A/B COMPLEX APOPROTEIN SYNTHESES AND/OR MEMBRANE UPTAKE IN THE CD3 MUTANT OF WHEAT SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE CHL DEFICIENCY; LHCP DEGRADATION; LHCP SYNTHESIS MEMBRANE UPTAKE; LIGHT FLUENCE; PHOTOSYSTEM ASSEMBLY ID PHOTOSYSTEM-II HETEROGENEITY; PROTEIN COMPLEX; THYLAKOID MEMBRANES; CHLOROPLASTS; STOICHIOMETRY; BIOGENESIS; ADAPTATION; BARLEY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SUBPOPULATIONS AB The CD3 mutant of wheat is a chlorophyll(Chl)-deficient mutant the phenotype of which depends upon the accumulation of the light-harvesting Chl a/b protein complex in leaves in response to the intensity of illumination. In the present studies, the rates of synthesis and/or uptake, and degradation of the light-harvesting Chl apoprotein in chloroplasts of wild-type wheat (Triticum aestivum L. selection ND 496) and CD3 wheat leaf segments were examined in response to two different intensities of illumination. We were interested particularly in the 21, 23 kDa proteins of the light-harvesting Chl a/b complex of photosystem I (LHCI) and the 25, 27, 29 kDa proteins of the light-harvesting Chl a/b complex of photosystem II (LHCII). The accumulation of [S-35]-Met into the light-harvesting Chl protein of CD3 wheat chloroplasts was impaired by a high but not by a low light fluence. The levels of radiolabel in the supernatant fractions of leaf tissue homogenates from the wild-type and CD3 wheats were not significantly different over time, suggesting that the cellular uptake of [S-35]-Met was not limiting in the mutant. The high fluence did not enhance the degradation of light-harvesting Chl protein from CD3 wheat thylakoids. Our data indicate an impairment in the light-harvesting Chl protein synthesis/membrane uptake system in CD3 wheat leaves under high fluence. A recovery in levels of the inner LHCPII, but not of LHCPI, was observed in the Chl-deficient wheat mutant after a prolonged (4 days) exposure to high fluence. Under low fluence, LHCP was added to both photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) but only that added to PSI remained in thylakoids after seedlings were switched to high fluence. RP DUYSEN, M (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT CWS,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 91 IS 4 BP 567 EP 574 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PB337 UT WOS:A1994PB33700003 ER PT J AU MOREAU, RA POWELL, MJ WHITAKER, BD BAILEY, BA ANDERSON, JD AF MOREAU, RA POWELL, MJ WHITAKER, BD BAILEY, BA ANDERSON, JD TI XYLANASE TREATMENT OF PLANT-CELLS INDUCES GLYCOSYLATION AND FATTY ACYLATION OF PHYTOSTEROLS SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE ELICITOR; PHYTOALEXIN; PHYTOSTEROL; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STEROL; XYLANASE ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; SQUALENE SYNTHETASE; SESQUITERPENE CYCLASE; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; INDUCTION; CULTURES; ELICITOR; STERYLGLYCOSIDES; SUPPRESSION AB Treatment of tobacco suspension cells (Nicotiana tabacum cv. KY 14) with a purified beta-1,4-endoxylanase from Trichoderma viride [1 mu g enzyme (ml cells)(-1)] caused a 13-fold increase in the levels of acylated sterol glycosides and elicited the synthesis of phytoalexins. A commercial preparation of xylanase from Trichoderma viride caused an identical shift in sterols. In contrast, a commercial xylanase from Aureobasidium pullulans had no effect on the levels of acylated sterol glycosides, but did elevate the levels of sterol esters. Treatment of the cells with Cu2+ or Ag+ also evoked a severalfold increase in the levels of acylated sterol glycosides. Analysis of the various sterol lipid classes revealed that the large xylanase-induced increase in acylated sterol glycosides occurred at the expense of sterol esters, free sterols and sterol glycosides. Further analyses revealed that the most abundant phytosterol in each of the four classes of sterol lipids was beta-sitosterol. Linoleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in the sterol esters, and palmitic and linoleic acids were the most abundant fatty acids in the acylated sterol glycosides. Glucose was the only sugar moiety in the sterol glycoside and acylated sterol glycoside fractions. The results of the present study demonstrate that xylanase from Trichoderma viride induces a dramatic shift in the level of acylated sterol glycosides, indicating that endoxylanase was probably the active component in the cellulase enzyme preparations used in our previous study. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, HORT CROPS QUAL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, WEED SCI LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP MOREAU, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 91 IS 4 BP 575 EP 580 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1994.910404.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PB337 UT WOS:A1994PB33700004 ER PT J AU UENG, PP CHEN, WD AF UENG, PP CHEN, WD TI GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN PHAEOSPHAERIA-NODORUM AND P-AVENARIA USING RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LEPTOSPHAERIA AVENARIA; L-NODORUM; OATS; SEPTORIA BLOTCH; STAGONOSPORA AVENAE; S-NODORUM; WHEAT ID SEPTORIA DISEASES; WHEAT; BARLEY AB Genetic variation among 14 isolates of Phaeosphaeria nodorum and 10 isolates of P. avenaria that originated from diverse geographic locations was assessed by the use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Genomic DNAs were digested with the restriction enzyme EcoRI and hybridized with 38 anonymous DNA probes. Twenty of the 38 probes were isolated from P. nodorum, and the other 18 probes were isolated from P. avenaria. Most of the probes hybridized with one or two DNA bands per isolate. Each isolate was assigned a RFLP genotype, which is a combination of the banding patterns with all 38 probes. Isolates of P. nodorum showed a significantly lower degree of genetic variation than the isolates of P. avenaria. There were seven genotypes among the 14 isolates of P. nodorum, whereas each isolate of P. avenaria had a different genotype. In addition, the minimum number of shared alleles was 34 out of a total of 38 RFLP loci among isolates of P. nodorum in pairwise comparisons, and the minimum number of shared alleles was as low as five among isolates of P. avenaria. In cluster analyses based on individual hybridizing bands (total 155 bands), isolates of P. nodorum formed a tight cluster with a minimum similarity value above 0.9. Bootstrap analysis strongly supported the separation of P. nodorum from P. avenaria. Considerable genetic variation was observed among isolates of P. avenaria. Several RFLP alleles were useful for differentiation of P. nodorum from P. avenaria, and some probes were specific for certain isolates. Those isolate-specific probes may be used as natural markers in epidemiological studies. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,ILLINOIS NAT HIST SURVEY,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. RP UENG, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BARC W,BLDG 006,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 1994 VL 84 IS 8 BP 800 EP 806 DI 10.1094/Phyto-84-800 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PC469 UT WOS:A1994PC46900005 ER PT J AU WILHITE, SE LUMSDEN, RD STRANEY, DC AF WILHITE, SE LUMSDEN, RD STRANEY, DC TI MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF GLIOTOXIN PRODUCTION BY THE BIOCONTROL FUNGUS GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS IN RELATION TO SUPPRESSION OF PYTHIUM DAMPING-OFF SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FUNGAL METABOLITE ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SECONDARY METABOLITES; SOILLESS MIX; ULTIMUM; ANTIBIOTICS; PSEUDOMONAS; GENES; BIOSYNTHESIS; TRICHODERMA; VIRIDIOL AB The fungus Glioclandium virens is an important biocontrol agent against plant pathogenic fungi, such as Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani, that cause damping-off diseases. G. virens strain G20 (synonym GL21) has been commercially formulated into the disease-suppressing product Gliogard (W. R. Grace and Co., CT). One possible mechanism of G. virens biocontrol may be the production of the fungistatic metabolite gliotoxin. The presence of this metabolite has been associated previously with disease suppressive activity toward P. ultimum. The purpose of this study was to critically test, using mutational analysis, the importance of gliotoxin production in the disease-suppressiveness effected against P. ultimum. Seven mutants lacking gliotoxin production (Glx(-) phenotype) were isolated by selection-based enrichment and screening procedures following UV-treatment of parental strain G20-4VIB (WT). On average, these Glx(-) mutants displayed only 54% of the disease-suppressive activity of the wild-type isolate in vivo and experienced a nearly total loss of antagonistic activity in vitro toward P. ultimum. This study represents strong genetic evidence supporting a major role for antibiosis in the suppression of a plant disease by a fungal biocontrol agent. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,AGR EXPT STN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP WILHITE, SE (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 40 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 1994 VL 84 IS 8 BP 816 EP 821 DI 10.1094/Phyto-84-816 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PC469 UT WOS:A1994PC46900008 ER PT J AU GRAY, LE PATAKY, JK AF GRAY, LE PATAKY, JK TI REACTION OF MUNG BEAN-PLANTS TO INFECTION BY ISOLATES OF PHIALOPHORA-GREGATA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID BROWN STEM ROT; CEPHALOSPORIUM-GREGATUM; SOYBEAN GENOTYPES AB Phialophora gregata was isolated in 1991 from naturally infected Century soybean and Kiloga and Berken mung bean plants grown in Illinois and Wisconsin. Century soybean and Berken and Kiloga mung bean plants were inoculated in the greenhouse with four isolates recovered from soybeans and nine isolates recovered from mung beans. All isolates caused typical leaf disease symptoms on inoculated Century soybean plants. Leaves on inoculated mung bean plants turned brown and died without developing the interveinal chlorosis that is characteristic of this disease on soybean. The fungus was isolated from vascular tissues of stems and leaves of inoculated plants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. gregata isolated from vascular tissue of soybean or mung bean leaves. Our studies demonstrate that P. gregata is a vascular pathogen of mung bean under natural conditions. RP GRAY, LE (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 78 IS 8 BP 782 EP 785 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PC074 UT WOS:A1994PC07400006 ER PT J AU SUGAR, D ROBERTS, RG HILTON, RJ RIGHETTI, TL SANCHEZ, EE AF SUGAR, D ROBERTS, RG HILTON, RJ RIGHETTI, TL SANCHEZ, EE TI INTEGRATION OF CULTURAL METHODS WITH YEAST TREATMENT FOR CONTROL OF POSTHARVEST FRUIT DECAY IN PEAR SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; INTEGRATED CONTROL; PYRUS-COMMUNIS ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PHIALOPHORA-MALORUM; GRAY MOLD; RESISTANCE; APPLE; PENICILLIUM; BOTRYTIS AB Pear fruit from trees managed for high or low fruit nitrogen and calcium content were harvested either early or late in the normal maturity range, wounded, and then treated with either water or yeast suspensions (Cryptococcus laurentii, C flavus, or C laurentii + one-tenth the label rate of thiabendazole [Mertect 340F]). Prior to storage, wounds were inoculated with spore suspensions of Penicillium expansum, causal agent of blue mold, or Phialophora malorum, causal agent of side rot. Fruit were stored 2-3 mo in air or controlled atmosphere (2% O2, 0.6% CO2) at 0 C. Early harvest, low fruit N, high fruit Ca,yeast or yeast + fungicide treatment, and controlled atmosphere storage all reduced severity of blue mold and side rot. When optimum levels of each treatment were combined, blue mold severity was reduced by about 95% in 1991, 61% in 1992, and 98% in 1993. In 1991, side rot was completely controlled in all treatments that included C laurentii + early harvest or C. laurentii + high fruit Ca. In 1992, no side rot developed when treatments included C laurentii + early harvest + high fruit Ca. Without yeast treatment, the combination of early harvest, low fruit N, and high fruit Ca-in air storage reduced severity of blue mold by 64% and reduced side rot by 97% in 1991. More disease developed in pears treated with C flavus than in those treated with C laurentii. C1 USDA ARS,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. INTA,RA-8832 GEN ROCA,ARGENTINA. RP SUGAR, D (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,SO ORANGE EXPT STJN,569 HANLEY RD,MEDFORD,OR 97502, USA. NR 23 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 78 IS 8 BP 791 EP 795 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PC074 UT WOS:A1994PC07400009 ER PT J AU CAESAR, AJ AF CAESAR, AJ TI PATHOGENICITY OF AGROBACTERIUM SPECIES FROM THE NOXIOUS RANGELAND WEEDS EUPHORBIA-ESULA AND CENTAUREA-REPENS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID TUMEFACIENS AB Disease surveys were made of Russian knapweed (Ceniaurea repens) and leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula), two noxious weeds that severely infest large areas of rangelands in the northern Great Plains. Strains of Agrobacterium tumifaciens were isolated from Russian knapweed exhibiting crown galls in New Mexico in 1991. Strains pathogenic to one or more of Helianthus annuus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum, Datura stramonium, or Russian knapweed and known strains of biovars 1 and 2 of A. tumefaciens and A. vitis were inoculated on Russian knapweed and two other knapweed species, diffuse (C. diffusa) and spotted (C maculosa). Some strains from New Mexico were strongly pathogenic to diffuse knapweed, causing rapidly developing galls that typically girdled, stunted, and caused death of the host. The biovar 1 strains were pathogenic to all three knapweed species, strains of biovar 2 were pathogenic to diffuse and spotted knapweed, and the single A. vitis strain was pathogenic only to diffuse knapweed, forming small galls. Stunted and chlorotic plants of leafy spurge with crown galls, collected in Glacier County, Montana, and plants with root galls collected in eastern North Dakota were infected with A. tumefaciens. which was identified as biovar 1. Leafy spurge plants exhibiting galls on roots collected in North Dakota were infected with strains identified as biovars 1 and 2. Host ranges among nine pathogenic strains from Russian knapweed, leafy spurge, and known strains representing biovars 1 and 2 of A. tumefaciens and A. vitis varied greatly, with six of the nine strains being pathogenic to no more than one additional species besides the original host. These findings indicate that A. tumefaciens may be effective as a biological control of these important rangeland weeds and especially of diffuse knapweed. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP CAESAR, AJ (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RANGELAND WEEDS LAB,BIOL CONTROL WEEDS RES UNIT,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 78 IS 8 BP 796 EP 800 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PC074 UT WOS:A1994PC07400010 ER PT J AU PRATT, RG ROWE, DE AF PRATT, RG ROWE, DE TI RESPONSES TO SELECTION FOR RESISTANCE TO SCLEROTINIA-TRIFOLIORUM IN ALFALFA BY STEM INOCULATIONS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ROT AB Plants of alfalfa cultivar Delta were screened for resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum by inoculating tips of intact or excised stems and measuring the extent of necrosis that developed basipetally after 2 wk. Four of 404 plants that exhibited low levels of necrosis in repeated tests were cloned and polycrossed. Seed of these selections were harvested by parental source, and the four half-sib families were evaluated for resistance to S. trifoliorum by both stem and whole-plant inoculations. Three of four families were significantly (P = 0.05) more resistant than the parental cultivar when tested with stem inoculations. The same three families also were significantly (P = 0.05) more resistant than the parental cultivar when tested with whole-plant inoculations. The fourth half-sib family gave intermediate responses with both inoculation methods. Plants of the three most resistant families were combined and transplanted at two field sites, along with the parental cultivar, into naturally infested soils during two winter seasons. In each of four experiments, significantly (P = 0.05) less natural disease developed in plants of the progeny than in the parental cultivar. These results demonstrate that resistance to S. trifoliorum in alfalfa, as identified by the stem inoculation technique, is heritable and is also expressed as whole-plant resistance to controlled inoculations and to natural infection in the field. RP PRATT, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 78 IS 8 BP 826 EP 829 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PC074 UT WOS:A1994PC07400016 ER PT J AU STAPLETON, A BEETHAM, JK PINOT, F GARBARINO, JE ROCKHOLD, DR FRIEDMAN, M HAMMOCK, BD BELKNAP, WR AF STAPLETON, A BEETHAM, JK PINOT, F GARBARINO, JE ROCKHOLD, DR FRIEDMAN, M HAMMOCK, BD BELKNAP, WR TI CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF SOLUBLE EPOXIDE HYDROLASE FROM POTATO SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Note ID UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; RICE BLAST DISEASE; VICIA-FABA L; MOLECULAR-CLONING; FUNGAL ELICITOR; WATER DEFICIT; CDNA CLONING; LIVER; TUBERS; GENES AB Five cDNAs encoding a putative soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) from potato were isolated and characterized. The cDNAs contained open reading frames encoding 36 kDa polypeptides which were highly homologous to the carboxy terminal region of mammalian sEH. When one of the cDNAs was expressed in a baculovirus system a soluble 38 kDa protein with epoxide hydrolase activity was produced. The recombinant enzyme hydrolyzed a commonly used diagnostic substrate for the soluble form of mammalian EH. Inhibitor profiles of the recombinant potato and mammalian sEH were also similar. The expression of sEH in potato was found to be regulated by both developmental and environmental signals. Levels of mRNA for sEH were higher in meristematic tissue than in mature leaves. This mRNA was also observed to accumulate on wounding and application of exogenous methyl jasmonate. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENTOMOL & ENVIRONM TOXICOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RI Belknap, William/B-4500-2009; OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES02710-12]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM08343] NR 48 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 6 IS 2 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1994.6020251.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PB718 UT WOS:A1994PB71800012 PM 7920715 ER PT J AU BELEFANTMILLER, H PORTER, DR PIERCE, ML MORT, AJ AF BELEFANTMILLER, H PORTER, DR PIERCE, ML MORT, AJ TI AN EARLY INDICATOR OF RESISTANCE IN BARLEY TO RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ERYSIPHE-GRAMINIS-HORDEI; F SP HORDEI; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; PLANT-RESISTANCE; POWDERY MILDEW; SOUTH-AFRICA; HOMOPTERA; LIGNIFICATION; CELLS; AUTOFLUORESCENCE AB During early stages of infestation by Russian wheat aphids (Diuraphis noxia [Mordvilko]; RWAs), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaf cells collapsed and showed autofluorescence in the mesophyll and bundle sheath adjacent to the RWA stylet sheath. The response was visually similar to the hypersensitive cell death response, typical of resistance to microbial pathogens. Resistant barley produced significantly more collapsed, autofluorescent cells (CAC) than did susceptible barley. RWA stylet entry sites and sheath paths also fluoresced, making them easy to observe in whole leaf sections. The number of CAC increased with the number of RWAs and with the number of days of feeding in resistant plants. The CAC could be observed 1 d following infestation, making this the most rapid plant response toward the RWAs known to date. The response may be useful in screening for resistant plants and may provide insight into resistance mechanisms in barley. C1 USDA,ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,STILLWATER,OK 74075. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 105 IS 4 BP 1289 EP 1294 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PC568 UT WOS:A1994PC56800033 ER PT J AU DIXON, DC SEAGULL, RW TRIPLETT, BA AF DIXON, DC SEAGULL, RW TRIPLETT, BA TI CHANGES IN THE ACCUMULATION OF ALPHA-TUBULIN AND BETA-TUBULIN ISOTYPES DURING COTTON FIBER DEVELOPMENT SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WALL MICROFIBRIL ORIENTATION; MAX L MERR; GENE-EXPRESSION; PLANT; MICROTUBULE; PROTEINS; ARRAYS; CELLS AB The expression of alpha- and beta-tubulin proteins in developing fibers and several other tissues of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, cv Texas Marker 1) have been analyzed by immunoblots of one- and two-dimensional gels utilizing anti-tubulin antibodies as probes. As a percentage of total protein, fibers had greater amounts of tubulin than did hypocotyls, roots, leaves, or cotyledons. Both alpha- and beta-tubulin, having apparent molecular masses of approximately 50 kD and isoelectric points between pH 5 and pH 6, were resolved on a single two-dimensional gel. Under the conditions used, alpha-tubulin was less acidic in the isoelectric focusing dimension and migrated slightly faster in the sodium dodecyl sulfate dimension than did beta-tubulin. Nine alpha-tubulin isotypes that formed two distinct groups were identified on immunoblots of two-dimensional gels. The three most abundant alpha-tubulin isotypes were common to all tissues examined. Seven distinct beta-tubulin isotypes were also identified. Although their level of accumulation differed, four of the beta-tubulin isotypes were common to all tissues. Preferential accumulation of isotypes was more apparent in fibers than in the other tissues examined. Two alpha-tubulin isotypes and two beta-tubulin isotypes showed preferential accumulation in 10- and 20-d postanthesis fibers, respectively. RP USDA, SO REG RES CTR, POB 19687, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. NR 26 TC 45 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 105 IS 4 BP 1347 EP 1353 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PC568 UT WOS:A1994PC56800039 ER PT J AU RIECHERS, DE WAX, LM LIEBL, RA BUSH, DR AF RIECHERS, DE WAX, LM LIEBL, RA BUSH, DR TI SURFACTANT-INCREASED GLYPHOSATE UPTAKE INTO PLASMA-MEMBRANE VESICLES ISOLATED FROM COMMON LAMBSQUARTERS LEAVES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BINDWEED CONVOLVULUS-ARVENSIS; NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS; CULTURED PLANT-CELLS; HEMP DOGBANE; FOLIAR UPTAKE; ABSORPTION; TRANSLOCATION; TRANSPORT; PHOSPHATE; PHYTOTOXICITY AB Plasma membrane vesicles were isolated from mature leaves of lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) to investigate whether this membrane is a barrier to glyphosate uptake and whether surfactants possess differential abilities to enhance glyphosate permeability. Amino acids representing several structural classes showed Delta pH-dependent transport, indicating that the proteins necessary for active, proton-coupled amino acid transport were present and functional. Glyphosate uptake was very low compared to the acidic amino acid glutamate, indicating that glyphosate is not utilizing an endogenous amino acid carrier to enter the leaf cells and that the plasma membrane appears to be a significant barrier to cellular uptake. In addition, glyphosate flux was much lower than that measured for either bentazon or atrazine, both lipid-permeable herbicides that diffuse through the bilayer. Glyphosate uptake was stimulated by 0.01% (v:v) MON 0818, the cationic surfactant used in the commercial formulation of this herbicide for foliar application. This concentration of surfactant did not disrupt the integrity of the plasma membrane vesicles, as evidenced by the stability of imposed pH gradients and active amino acid transport. Nonionic surfactants that disrupt the cuticle but that do not promote glyphosate toxicity in the field also increased glyphosate transport into the membrane vesicles. Thus, no correlation was observed between whole plant toxicity and surfactant-aided uptake. Current data suggest that surfactant efficacy may be the result of charged surfactants' ability to diffuse away from the cuticle into the subtending apoplastic space, where they act directly on the plasma membrane to increase glyphosate uptake. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 44 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 105 IS 4 BP 1419 EP 1425 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PC568 UT WOS:A1994PC56800047 ER PT J AU STASWICK, PE CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ SALVUCCI, ME AF STASWICK, PE CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ SALVUCCI, ME TI CDNA SEQUENCE FOR THE RIBULOSE 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE COMPLEX PROTEIN - A PROTEIN THAT ACCUMULATES IN SOYBEAN LEAVES IN RESPONSE TO FRUIT REMOVAL SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID LEAF C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP STASWICK, PE (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 105 IS 4 BP 1445 EP 1446 DI 10.1104/pp.105.4.1445 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PC568 UT WOS:A1994PC56800054 PM 7972504 ER PT J AU TURLEY, RB FERGUSON, DL MEREDITH, WR AF TURLEY, RB FERGUSON, DL MEREDITH, WR TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A CDNA-ENCODING RIBOSOMAL-PROTEIN L41 FROM COTTON (GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L) SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID GENES; YL41; RNA RP TURLEY, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 345,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 105 IS 4 BP 1449 EP 1450 DI 10.1104/pp.105.4.1449 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PC568 UT WOS:A1994PC56800056 PM 7972506 ER PT J AU MARKS, HL AF MARKS, HL TI SELECTION FOR 8-WEEK BODY-WEIGHT IN 2 RANDOM-BRED CHICKEN POPULATIONS UNDER ALTERED WATER TO FEED RATIOS .1. SELECTION RESPONSES SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PHENOTYPIC SELECTION; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION; SELECTION STUDIES; HERITABILITIES; BODY WEIGHT ID ABDOMINAL FAT; BROILERS; AGE AB A study was conducted to investigate the response to selection for 8-wk BW under selection environments that utilized different dietary salt levels to alter water to feed ratios. The Athens-Canadian (AC) and Athens Randombreds (ARB) served as base populations. A broiler diet consisting of 23% CP and 3,120 kcal of ME/kg was modified to contain.2, .4, and 1.6% dietary salt. Chicks from the AC and ARB populations were divided within full-sib families into three groups, with one group assigned to each of the three dietary salt selection environments. Individual phenotypic selection was conducted within the six lines for high 8-wk BW for six generations with unselected randombred controls included in each generation to measure environmental variation. No differences in 8-wk BW were observed among the three salt selection environments. Lines derived from the ARB population were initially approximately 75 g larger than those derived from the AC population. However, when BW were expressed as percentage deviation from the control in the sixth generation, selection response patterns were similar (AC lines, 28 to 32%; ARB lines, 32 to 36%). These data indicated that selection for 8-wk BW was as effective under high- and low-salt diets as under a normal-salt diet. Realized heritabilities, following correction for environmental variation, ranged from.38 to .46. Failure to correct for environmental variation resulted in large fluctuations in heritabilities across generations. These data provide strong support for inclusion of controls to accurately measure the heritability of BW in selection studies. RP MARKS, HL (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,SE POULTRY RES LAB,USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1175 EP 1182 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PA200 UT WOS:A1994PA20000002 PM 7971658 ER PT J AU DUNNINGTON, EA STALLARD, LC HILLEL, J SIEGEL, PB AF DUNNINGTON, EA STALLARD, LC HILLEL, J SIEGEL, PB TI GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG COMMERCIAL CHICKEN POPULATIONS ESTIMATED FROM DNA FINGERPRINTS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GENETIC VARIATION; CHICKEN; DNA FINGERPRINTS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; JUNGLE FOWL ID POULTRY; BIRDS AB Blood samples were obtained from parental pure lines representing a large majority of commercial meat-type (broiler) and white egg layer lines presently available in the USA. From blood mixes of each line, DNA was extracted and a DNA fingerprint pattern characteristic of that line was produced. Additionally, DNA fingerprints representing wild jungle fowl and two randombred control populations were produced. Three analyses were conducted: 1) among broiler sire lines, jungle fowl, and one control line; 2) among broiler dam lines, jungle fowl, and one control line; and 3) among parental lines of white egg layers, jungle fowl, and the second control line. Bandsharing levels were calculated, providing an estimate of genetic diversity among lines. Conclusions were that, at present, broiler sire lines, broiler dam lines, and parental lines of white egg layers that make up the majority of commercial breeding populations available in the USA contain a considerable reservoir of genetic diversity. C1 USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58228. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,FAC AGR,DEPT GENET,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. RP DUNNINGTON, EA (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & POULTRY SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 20 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1218 EP 1225 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PA200 UT WOS:A1994PA20000007 PM 7971663 ER PT J AU ELISSALDE, MH ZIPRIN, RL HUFF, WE KUBENA, LF HARVEY, RB AF ELISSALDE, MH ZIPRIN, RL HUFF, WE KUBENA, LF HARVEY, RB TI EFFECT OF OCHRATOXIN-A ON SALMONELLA-CHALLENGED BROILER CHICKS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; OCHRATOXIN-A; BROILER CHICK; MYCOTOXIN; MORTALITY ID UNITED-STATES; FOODBORNE DISEASE; GROWING CHICKS; COLONIZATION; TYPHIMURIUM; CYCLOSPORINE; SEROTYPES; CARCASSES; INFECTION; VANADIUM AB ABSTRACT Poultry products represent a significant reservoir of Salmonella typhimurium. Ochratoxin A, a mycotoxin and natural contaminant of poultry feedstuffs, produces detrimental effects on the immune and other systems of the broiler chick. Because poultry products are possible sources of S. typhimurium contamination that can potentially infect humans, there is a need to know whether ochratoxin A can alter the growth of Salmonella in poultry. We investigated the pathological alterations of young male broiler chicks by S. typhimurium in the presence (3.0 mg/kg) or absence of ochratoxin A in the diet. Ochratoxin A alone in the diet decreased the body weight and increased the relative organ weights of the liver, kidney, gizzard, spleen, pancreas, and proventriculus. It did not affect the heart and bursa of Fabricius. The mycotoxin altered the serum concentrations of proteins, enzymes, calcium and phosphate salts, normal tissue constituents, and catabolic metabolites in a pattern that would suggest damage to skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, pancreas, and bone. Birds fed diets containing ochratoxin A had microcytic and hypochromic erythrocytes and a decrease in phytohemagglutin- and concanavalin A-stimulated blastogenesis. Salmonella typhimurium alone had no affect on the variables measured except for a decrease in body weight. With the exception of an increase in mortality (13.2%, a significant synergistic interaction) and decrease in body weight, Salmonella in combination with ochratoxin A did not alter the values of the remaining variables measured from those measured in the ochratoxin A diet alone. Cecal colony count of S. typhimurium was not affected by treatment with ochratoxin A. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,USDA ARS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP ELISSALDE, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 54 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1241 EP 1248 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PA200 UT WOS:A1994PA20000010 PM 7971666 ER PT J AU RATH, NC BAYYARI, GR BEASLEY, JN HUFF, WE BALOG, JM AF RATH, NC BAYYARI, GR BEASLEY, JN HUFF, WE BALOG, JM TI AGE-RELATED-CHANGES IN THE INCIDENCE OF TIBIAL DYSCHONDROPLASIA IN TURKEYS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TIBIAL DYSCHONDROPLASIA; EPIPHYSEAL HEMORRHAGE; TURKEY; GROWTH; BODY WEIGHT ID OSTEOMYELITIS AB Age-related changes in the incidence and severity of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) and its relationship to body weight and other bone pathologies were studied in turkeys from ages 2 through 15 wk. A steady increase iri the incidence and severity of TD was observed from 11 wk onwards. Whereas there was no correlation between the body weight and TD in early ages, during Weeks 14 and 15 the turkeys with severe TD had significantly higher body weight relative to those without or with mild lesions. Starting from Week 13, hemorrhage was evident in the base of TD-affected growth plates of many turkeys, which increased linearly during the following weeks. Histological examination of these areas revealed mild necrosis with erosion in TD tissues accompanied by occasional bone formations, fibrosis, and the presence of multinucleate chondroclasts and large number of erythrocytes adjacent to lesions. Sporadic rod-like bacterial colonies were discernible in TD tissues and cartilage canals. These studies show 1) whereas the onset of TD may have an independent etiology, the severity of the disease may be influenced by a higher body weight, and 2) subepiphyseal hemorrhages possibly facilitate a healing-type response that leads to replacement of TD tissue by way of resorption, bone formation, and fibrosis, but simultaneously makes the tissue accessible to bacteria. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT POULTRY SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP RATH, NC (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,USDA ARS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1254 EP 1259 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PA200 UT WOS:A1994PA20000012 PM 7971668 ER PT J AU HOLT, PS BUHR, RJ CUNNINGHAM, DL PORTER, RE AF HOLT, PS BUHR, RJ CUNNINGHAM, DL PORTER, RE TI EFFECT OF 2 DIFFERENT MOLTING PROCEDURES ON A SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTION SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MOLT; STRESS; FEED REMOVAL; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; INTESTINAL DISEASE ID WHITE LEGHORN HENS; CHICKENS; STRESS; LEUKOCYTES; LAYERS; CELL AB Previous studies have shown that inducing a molt using feed removal exacerbated an intestinal infection by Salmonella enteritidis (SE). The current study was conducted to determine whether inducing a molt using a molt diet would still cause a pause in egg laying but not exacerbate an intestinal SE infection. In Experiments 1 and 2, hens were either provided ad libitum access to layer feed (control), fed 45 g molt diet (molt-feed) daily, or deprived of feed for 14 d (molted), and were orally infected with 1 X 10(7) SE on Day 4 of molt. Egg lay ceased in hens subjected to both molt treatments. The percentage of hens shedding SE did not differ among treatment groups in Experiment 1, whereas in Experiment 2 the molted hens had significantly higher shed rates than the controls on Days 10, 17, and 24 postinfection ana the molt-feed hens on Days 17 and 24 postinfection. Compared with both fed groups of hens, the molted hens shed significantly more SE in Experiment 1 on Day 10 postinfection, and in Experiment 2 the molted hens shed significantly more SE on all 4 sampling days. In Experiment 3, subgroups of hens within each treatment group received serial 10-fold dilutions of SE and intestinal shedding of the organism in each subgroup was determined 7 d later. The 50% infectious dose (ID50) was calculated for each treatment group from these shedding results. The ID50 was 2.7 x 10(3) SE, 5.2 x 10(2) SE, and 1.3 SE for control, molt-feed, and molted hens, respectively, indicating that feed removal substantially increased the susceptibility of hens to an SE infection and the molt diet decreased this susceptibility. Little difference was observed in the pH of alimentary samples or of cecal contents from hens in each treatment group, indicating that increased severity of SE infection was not due to alterations of intestinal pH. Histologically, the molted hens exhibited more extensive inflammation of the intestinal tract at Day 4 postinfection compared with the unmolted group. Intestinal inflammation in the molt-feed hens was intermediate between the two. These results indicated that molt induction, using a molt diet, will not put hens at risk for the severe intestinal infection observed in birds subjected to feed removal. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT POULTRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. PURDUE UNIV,ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP HOLT, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 23 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1267 EP 1275 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PA200 UT WOS:A1994PA20000014 PM 7971670 ER PT J AU HUFF, WE BALOG, JM BAYYARI, GR RATH, NC AF HUFF, WE BALOG, JM BAYYARI, GR RATH, NC TI THE EFFECT OF MYCOCURB(R), PROPIONIC-ACID, AND CALCIUM PROPIONATE ON THE INTESTINAL STRENGTH OF BROILER-CHICKENS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE MYCOCURB(R); CALCIUM PROPIONATE; PROPIONIC ACID; INTESTINAL STRENGTH; PROVENTRICULITIS AB Field observations suggest that propionic acid-based mold inhibitors reduce the severity of proventriculitis and consequent fragile intestines. Therefore, two studies were conducted to determine the effects of a propionic acid-based mold inhibitor (Mycocurb(R)), calcium propionate, and propionic acid on intestinal strength. Cobb x Cobb male broiler chicks were placed in an experimental design that consisted of six dietary treatments with four replicate floor pens of 40 (Experiment 1) and 30 (Experiment 2) broilers per pen. The dietary treatments in Experiment 1 consisted of control, 2.27, 4.54, and 9.07 kg/ton Mycocurb(R) and 4.54 and 9.07 kg/ton calcium propionate. The dietary treatments in Experiment 2 consisted of control, 2.27, 4.54, and 9.07 kg/ton Mycocurb(R), and 4.54 and 9.07 kg/ton propionic acid. Water and the dietary treatments were made available to the broilers for ad libitum consumption from 1 d to 6 wk of age. In Experiment 1, five broilers from each pen were killed each week, a 10-cm section of intestine was removed anterior to the cecal junction, and its strength was measured. The contents of this section of intestine were collected and pH determinations were made on this material. In Experiment 2, five broilers were killed from each pen starting when the broilers were 3 wk of age, and every week thereafter a 10-cm section of intestine was removed posterior to the duodenal loop and its strength measured. The contents of this section of intestine were collected and pH determinations were performed on this material. Intestinal strength at both of these locations increased with age, and the upper intestinal section was not as strong as the lower intestinal section. Mycocurb(R), calcium propionate, and propionic acid did not show any consistent effects on body weight, pH of intestinal contents, or intestinal strength. RP HUFF, WE (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,BIOMASS RES CTR,POULTRY PROD & PROD SAFETY RES UNIT,USDA ARS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1352 EP 1356 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA PA200 UT WOS:A1994PA20000026 PM 7971681 ER PT J AU ZHANG, R VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF ZHANG, R VANGENUCHTEN, MT TI NEW MODELS FOR UNSATURATED SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; CONDUCTIVITY; POROSITY; MOVEMENT; WATER; FLOW AB Two relatively simple models are proposed for describing the soil water retention curve. The expressions define sigmoidal or bimodal type retention functions with four or five parameters, respectively. The sigmoidal retention model may be combined with predictive pore-size distribution theories to yield closed-form equations for the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. Parameters in the proposed hydraulic functions were estimated from observed retention data using a nonlinear least-squares optimization process. The models were tested on hydraulic data for more than 20 soils. Good agreement between predicted values and measured retention and conductivity data was found for most of the soils. The soil hydraulic models can be effectively utilized as inputs for numerical models of water flow and solute transport. C1 US SALIN LAB,USDA ARS,RIVERSIDE,CA. RP ZHANG, R (reprint author), UNIV WYOMING,DEPT PLANT SOIL & INSECT SCI,POB 3354,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 22 TC 23 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 158 IS 2 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1097/00010694-199408000-00001 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PD186 UT WOS:A1994PD18600001 ER PT J AU SMITH, SJ POWER, JF KEMPER, WD AF SMITH, SJ POWER, JF KEMPER, WD TI FIXED AMMONIUM AND NITROGEN AVAILABILITY INDEXES SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB Little information exists about the extent to which fixed ammonium in soils is released under conditions imposed during analyses that are bases of nitrogen availability indexes and under conditions of very low soil solution concentrations of ammonium and potassium. This information is needed because fixed ammonium constitutes a significant portion of the total N in many soils. In this study, 5 to 45% of the total N in 10 surface soils and 10 to 85% in their associated subsoils was fixed, representing from 45 to 1763 mg fixed ammonium-N kg-1. These agriculturally important U.S. soils, including Alfisols, Aridisols, Inceptisols, and Mollisols, were subjected to analytical procedures designed to provide chemical (i.e., autoclave-distillable N) and biological (i.e., aerobic and anaerobic N mineralization) indexes of available N. Results indicated only small fractions (generally <0.1) of the fixed ammonium were released using the indexes. Subsequent extractions of 168-day aerobic incubated samples with sodium tetraphenylboron, which precipitates soluble ammonium and potassium in the soil solution, resulted in most of the fixed ammonium being released in 7 days. Obviously, then, much of the fixed ammonium in soils is available in the absence of an ammonium/potassium blocking effect. Consequently, the degree to which plants can extract soil fixed ammonium will depend on the extent to which they lower ammonium and potassium concentrations in the vicinity of the roots and, thereby, remove the blocking effect. For soils containing high contents of fixed ammonium, additional information is now needed to establish the extent to which fixed ammonium is made available to crops so that appropriate accounting can be given to this source when calculating supplemental N needs. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SMITH, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 158 IS 2 BP 132 EP 140 DI 10.1097/00010694-199408000-00007 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PD186 UT WOS:A1994PD18600007 ER PT J AU KARLEN, DL WOLLENHAUPT, NC ERBACH, DC BERRY, EC SWAN, JB EASH, NS JORDAHL, JL AF KARLEN, DL WOLLENHAUPT, NC ERBACH, DC BERRY, EC SWAN, JB EASH, NS JORDAHL, JL TI CROP RESIDUE EFFECTS ON SOIL QUALITY FOLLOWING 10-YEARS OF NO-TILL CORN SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CROP RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; SOIL QUALITY INDEX; NO-TILLAGE ID SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE; INDICATORS; STABILITY; EROSION; INDEX AB Numerous biological, chemical, and physical indicators of soil quality have been suggested, but few have been evaluated using data from long-term field studies. Our objective was to evaluate several proposed soil quality indicators to determine effects of removing, doubling, or maintaining crop residues for 10 years in a no-till, continuous corn (Zea mays L.) production study. Soil aggregate characteristics, penetration resistance, bulk density, volumetric water content, earthworm populations, respiration, microbial biomass, ergosterol concentrations, and several soil-test parameters (pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, Total-N, Total-C, NH4-N, and NO3-N) were measured on samples collected from Rozetta and Palsgrove silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs) soils. Soil aggregates from double residue treatments were more stable in water than those from normal and removal treatments. The double and normal residue treatments had higher total carbon concentrations and higher levels of microbial activity as measured by CO2 evolution. Ergosterol concentrations where crop residues were removed were 8 to 10 times lower suggesting this biochemical measurement of fungal biomass may be a sensitive soil quality indicator. Earthworm populations where crop residues had been removed for 10 years were significantly lower than in either normal or double residue treatments. Measures of force and energy required to crush soil aggregates were extremely variable and showed significant differences only for aggregate size. Several parameters were used to develop a soil quality index that gave ratings of 0.45, 0.68, or 0.86 for removal, normal, or double residue treatments, C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT SOIL SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV IOWA,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RP KARLEN, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. OI Eash, Neal/0000-0001-9141-4302 NR 51 TC 186 Z9 192 U1 9 U2 73 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 31 IS 2-3 BP 149 EP 167 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(94)90077-9 PG 19 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PE147 UT WOS:A1994PE14700004 ER PT J AU MIELKE, LN POWERS, WL BADRI, S JONES, AJ AF MIELKE, LN POWERS, WL BADRI, S JONES, AJ TI ESTIMATING SOIL-WATER CONTENT FROM SOIL STRENGTH SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BENCHMARK SOILS; BULK DENSITY; PROCTOR DENSITY; VARIABLE RATE APPLICATION TECHNOLOGY; WATER-STRENGTH RELATIONSHIPS ID TILLAGE AB Variable rate application technology requires real time estimates of field water contents. This study was conducted to evaluate soil strength as a possible indicator of soil water content. The study involved measurement of soil strength with flat tip and cone penetrometers on laboratory packed soil cores. Packing treatment varied from Proctor Test (PT) bulk densities to densities similar to those of cultivated field soils. Soils used in the study included 18 benchmark soil series representing eight soil orders. Soil samples were from the surface 300 mm depth and from a subsurface layer. Soil strength tests were run at PT densities for all 18 soils and at cultivated field densities for four of the 18 soils. Two equations were fitted to plots of gravimetric water content versus soil strength using least squares nonlinear regression techniques. Predicted and measured water contents were in better agreement at the PT densities than at cultivated field densities. Sand content accounted for 36% of the variation in equation parameters at PT densities. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP MIELKE, LN (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,119 KEIM HALL,EAST CAMPUS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 31 IS 2-3 BP 199 EP 209 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(94)90080-9 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PE147 UT WOS:A1994PE14700007 ER PT J AU CHAMBERS, HL HUMMER, KE AF CHAMBERS, HL HUMMER, KE TI CHROMOSOME COUNTS IN THE MENTHA COLLECTION AT THE USDA-ARS NATIONAL-CLONAL-GERMPLASM-REPOSITORY SO TAXON LA English DT Article ID X GRACILIS LAMIACEAE; NUMBERS; ORIGIN AB The present chromosome number survey is based on the holdings of the National Clonal Germ-plasm Repository in Corvallis, which houses a world Mentha collection which includes most of the known taxa. The survey complements previously published counts and provides information about 73 accessions that are available to researchers. It includes chromosome counts for two accessions of M. australis, a previously uncounted Australian endemic, and accessions of M. japonica, M. diemenica, and M. cunninghamii, taxa with but one or a few published previous counts. RP CHAMBERS, HL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,33447 PEORIA RD,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSN PLANT TAXONOMY PI BERLIN PA BOTANISCHER GARTEN & MUSEUM KONIGIN-LUISSE-STRASSE 6-8, W-1000 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD AUG PY 1994 VL 43 IS 3 BP 423 EP 432 DI 10.2307/1222717 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA PH640 UT WOS:A1994PH64000005 ER PT J AU BAMBERG, JB SPOONER, DM AF BAMBERG, JB SPOONER, DM TI THE UNITED-STATES-POTATO-INTRODUCTION-STATION-HERBARIUM SO TAXON LA English DT Note ID GERMPLASM; SOLANACEAE AB The United Stales Potato Introduction Station Herbarium at Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, serves the National Research Support Program-6 (NRSP-6; formerly known as the Inter-Regional Potato Introduction Project IR-1). NRSP-6 is part of the United States germplasm system and is the sole genebank for wild and cultivated potatoes in the United States. The genebank and herbarium are devoted entirely to wild and cultivated potatoes (Solanum sect. Petota). NRSP-6 is charged with the introduction, preservation, classification, evaluation, and distribution of potato germplasm worldwide. Recent expeditions and grants for upgrading the herbarium and associated facilities have provided a valuable new international resource for researchers in S. sect. Petota. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT HORT,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. RP BAMBERG, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,POTATO INTRODUCT STN,4312 HWY 42,STURGEON BAY,WI 54235, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSN PLANT TAXONOMY PI BERLIN PA BOTANISCHER GARTEN & MUSEUM KONIGIN-LUISSE-STRASSE 6-8, W-1000 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD AUG PY 1994 VL 43 IS 3 BP 489 EP 496 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA PH640 UT WOS:A1994PH64000013 ER PT J AU HAWKES, WC WILLHITE, CC OMAYE, ST COX, DN CHOY, WN TARANTAL, AF AF HAWKES, WC WILLHITE, CC OMAYE, ST COX, DN CHOY, WN TARANTAL, AF TI SELENIUM KINETICS, PLACENTAL-TRANSFER, AND NEONATAL EXPOSURE IN CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES (MACACA-FASCICULARIS) SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE-ACTIVITY; L-SELENOMETHIONINE; HUMAN-MILK; INORGANIC SELENIUM; PREMATURE-INFANTS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; CORD BLOOD; VITAMIN-E; TISSUE; SUPPLEMENTS AB Forty pregnant cynomolgus macaques were treated daily from gestational day 20 to 50 by nasogastric intubation of 0, 25, 150, or 300 mu g selenium as L-selenomethionine/kg body weight. In each group, 7-8 pregnancies were terminated by hysterotomy at gestational day 100 +/- 2 and the fetuses were examined, while 2-3 pregnancies in each group were allowed to proceed to term. Selenium and soluble glutathione peroxidase were measured in: maternal, neonatal, and fetal plasma and erythrocytes; fetal kidney, liver, muscle, and placenta; and maternal breast milk. The area under the multidose maternal plasma selenium concentration:time curve, the maximum maternal plasma selenium concentration, and the maternal urinary selenium excretion rates were proportional to the L-selenomethionine dose. Selenium concentrations in all fetal and neonatal tissues were also proportional to maternal L-selenomethionine dose. Glutathione peroxidase was affected only in maternal erythrocytes, fetal kidney, and neonatal plasma. The selenium concentration in fetal plasma was an average 33% of that in maternal plasma. Although selenium concentrations in macaque milk were doubled by the highest dose, intrauterine selenium accumulation accounted for the majority of the neonatal selenium body burden. Despite the elevated selenium concentrations in fetal tissues, neonatal blood, and milk, no deleterious effects on neonates were observed. These results suggest that primate fetuses are well protected against selenium toxicity arising from high maternal L-selenomethionine intakes. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CALIF DEPT TOX SUBST CONTROL,BERKELEY,CA 94710. UNIV NEVADA,DEPT NUTR,RENO,NV 89557. URS CONSULTANTS INC,SEATTLE,WA 98101. SCHERING PLOUGH CORP,RES INST,CTR SAFETY EVALUAT,LAFAYETTE,NJ 07848. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CALIF REG PRIMATE RES CTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP HAWKES, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD AUG PY 1994 VL 50 IS 2 BP 148 EP 159 DI 10.1002/tera.1420500209 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA PE960 UT WOS:A1994PE96000008 PM 7801302 ER PT J AU CHAO, S BAYSDORFER, C HEREDIADIAZ, O MUSKET, T XU, G COE, EH AF CHAO, S BAYSDORFER, C HEREDIADIAZ, O MUSKET, T XU, G COE, EH TI RFLP MAPPING OF PARTIALLY SEQUENCED LEAF CDNA CLONES IN MAIZE SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE MAIZE; LINKAGE MAP; SEQUENCE TAGGED SITES; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS ID GENES; PCR AB We report here the results of mapping a set of 92 leaf cDNA clones in maize. The ends of each of these cDNA clones have previously been partially sequenced, and the sequence comparison has revealed the putative function for 28 clones. It is expected that the RFLP map developed using these expressed sequence tags will be of great importance for future maize genome analysis, such as for PCR-based gene mapping or gene function identification. C1 CALIF STATE UNIV HAYWARD,DEPT SCI BIOL,HAYWARD,CA 94542. UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP CHAO, S (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,CURTIS HALL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 10 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 88 IS 6-7 BP 717 EP 721 DI 10.1007/BF01253975 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PB681 UT WOS:A1994PB68100013 PM 24186167 ER PT J AU DOVIDIO, R ANDERSON, OD AF DOVIDIO, R ANDERSON, OD TI PCR ANALYSIS TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN ALLELES OF A MEMBER OF A MULTIGENE FAMILY CORRELATED WITH WHEAT BREAD-MAKING QUALITY SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE WHEAT; HMW-GLUTENIN GENES; BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; POLYMERASE; CHAIN REACTION (PCR); MULTIGENE FAMILIES ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT SUBUNITS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; GLUTENIN SUBUNITS; GENES; SEQUENCES; DNA; NUCLEOTIDE; POLYMERASE; GENOME AB Good or poor wheat bread-making quality is associated with two allelic pairs at the Glu-DI complex locus, designated 1Dx5-1Dy10 and 1Dx2-1Dy12, respectively. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) verified the presence of the HMW-glutenin 1Dx5 gene from genomic DNA extracted from part of the endosperm of a single dry seed, or a small amount of leaf or root tissue, of several bread-wheat cultivars. This easy, quick, and non-destructive PCR-based approach is proposed as a very efficient and safe alternative to standard procedures for selecting bread-wheat genotypes with good bread-making properties. C1 USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP DOVIDIO, R (reprint author), UNIV TUSCIA,DIPARTIMENTO AGROBIOL & AGROCHIM,VIA S CAMILLO DE LELLIS,I-01100 VITERBO,ITALY. RI D'Ovidio, Renato/A-4379-2014 OI D'Ovidio, Renato/0000-0001-8530-5898 NR 20 TC 98 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 88 IS 6-7 BP 759 EP 763 DI 10.1007/BF01253982 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PB681 UT WOS:A1994PB68100020 PM 24186174 ER PT J AU WISE, RP SCHNABLE, PS AF WISE, RP SCHNABLE, PS TI MAPPING COMPLEMENTARY GENES IN MAIZE - POSITIONING THE RF1 AND RF2 NUCLEAR FERTILITY RESTORER LOCI OF TEXAS (T) CYTOPLASM RELATIVE TO RFLP AND VISIBLE MARKERS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE MAIZE; CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY; FERTILITY RESTORER LOCI; LINKAGE MAPPING; COMPLEMENTARY GENES ID MALE-STERILE MAIZE; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME ORGANIZATION; B-A TRANSLOCATIONS; ZEA-MAYS-L; RECOMBINANT INBREDS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FUNGAL TOXINS; DNA; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN AB There are three major groups of cytoplasmic male-sterile cytoplasms in maize; C (Charrua), S (USDA), and T (Texas). These cytoplasms can be classified by the unique nuclear genes that suppress the male-sterility effects of these cytoplasms and restore pollen fertility. Typically, plants that carry Texas (T) cytoplasm are male fertile only if they carry dominant alleles at two unlinked nuclear restorer loci, rf1 and rf2. To facilitate analysis of T-cytoplasm-mediated male sterility and fertility restoration, we have mapped rf1 and rf2 relative to closely-linked RFLP markers using five populations. The rf1 locus and/or linked visible markers were mapped in four populations; the rf2 locus was mapped in two of the populations. Data from the individual populations were joined with the aid of JoinMap software. The resulting consensus maps place rf1 between umc97 and umc92 on chromosome 3 and rf2 between umc153 and sus1 on chromosome 9. Markers that flank the rf1 and rf2 loci have been used to identify alleles at rf1 and rf2 in segregating populations. These analyses demonstrate the possibility of tracking separate fertility restorer loci that contribute to a single phenotype. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON & ZOOL & GENET,AMES,IA 50011. RP WISE, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 68 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 88 IS 6-7 BP 785 EP 795 DI 10.1007/BF01253987 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA PB681 UT WOS:A1994PB68100025 PM 24186179 ER PT J AU SCHOKNECHT, PA NEWTON, GR WEISE, DE POND, WG AF SCHOKNECHT, PA NEWTON, GR WEISE, DE POND, WG TI PROTEIN RESTRICTION IN EARLY-PREGNANCY ALTERS FETAL AND PLACENTAL GROWTH AND ALLANTOIC FLUID PROTEINS IN SWINE SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MALNUTRITION; FETAL GROWTH; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; PLACENTA AB This study was designed to determine the impact of protein malnutrition during early pregnancy on fetal and placental growth and on the protein synthesis capacity of placental and endometrial tissues. Twelve crossbred sows received 1.8 kg/d of a control (13% protein) or protein-restricted (0.5% protein) diet from the day of breeding to Day 63 of pregnancy, when dissections were performed on each conceptus unit. The de novo protein synthetic rate of placental and endometrial explants was measured using S-35-methionine. These proteins and the proteins from amniotic and allantoic fluids were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Placental weight was significantly reduced in the sows fed the restricted diet, with a tendency for decreased fetal weight as well. No differences were found due to dietary treatment in de novo protein synthesis or in the electrophoretic patterns of secreted proteins of the placenta or endometrium. The apparent quantity of 3 proteins in the allantoic fluid of the restricted diet fetuses decreased, while 1 protein increased in comparison with that of the control fetuses. These data suggest that protein malnutrition in early pregnancy decreases placental growth, thereby decreasing both fetal growth and the opportunity for compensatory growth upon nutritional rehabilitation. C1 USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX. PRAIRIE VIEW A&M UNIV,PRAIRIE VIEW,TX. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD AUG PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2 BP 217 EP 226 DI 10.1016/0093-691X(94)90265-8 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA PB249 UT WOS:A1994PB24900001 PM 16727528 ER PT J AU ROUBENOFF, R AF ROUBENOFF, R TI NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS OF HIV CARE SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 8 BP 731 EP 731 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA PD361 UT WOS:A1994PD36100028 ER PT J AU TABATABAI, LB PUGH, GW AF TABATABAI, LB PUGH, GW TI MODULATION OF IMMUNE-RESPONSES IN BALB/C MICE VACCINATED WITH BRUCELLA-ABORTUS CU-ZN SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE VACCINE SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE BRUCELLA ABORTUS; CU-ZN SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES ID OUTER-MEMBRANE; PROTEIN; CELL; ANTIGENS; EPITOPES; SEQUENCE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; IMMUNOGENICITY; PREDICTION; ANTIBODIES AB Three peptides, peptide 1 (GGDNYSDKPEPLGG), peptide 2 (LAEIKQRSLMVHGG) and peptide 3 (GGAPGEKDGKIVPAG), were synthesized based on the amino acid sequence of Brucella abortus Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase. These peptides were selected on the basis of their predicted hydrophilicity, flexibility and antigenicity profiles. The three peptides, singly or in combination, with or without the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A were administered to Balb/c mice as vaccines for brucellosis. The protective and immune responses induced by the peptide vaccines after challenge exposure to virulent B. abortus strain 2308 were compared to those obtained with salt-extractable proteins (BCSP) vaccine prepared from B. abortus strain 19, recombinant B. abortus Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (rSOD) vaccine and non-vaccinated mice. Mice vaccinated with 30 mu g of peptide 3 plus 50 mu g monophosphoryl lipid A afforded two logs of protection (reduction in log(10) colony-forming units compared with control mice) and one log of protection when given without monophosphoryl lipid A, whereas 5 mu g of the salt-extractable proteins afforded three logs of protection. The rSOD and peptides 1 and 2 given with or without monophosphoryl lipid A afforded no protection. Superoxide dismutase-specific IgG antibody was present in postchallenge sera only if BCSP was present in the vaccine. Peptide-specific IgG antibodies were present in postchallenge sera of mice, and antibody concentrations were generally enhanced when monophosphoryl lipid A was included in the vaccine. The overall results with the peptide vaccines suggest that peptide 3 probably contains a specific sequence preferentially recognized by the cellular immune system leading to modulation of immune response mechanisms responsible for decreasing splenic infection. RP TABATABAI, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,MWA,POB 70,2300 DAYTON RD,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 35 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG PY 1994 VL 12 IS 10 BP 919 EP 924 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(94)90035-3 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA NW195 UT WOS:A1994NW19500010 PM 7526568 ER PT J AU AYERS, VK COLLINS, JK PURDY, CW AF AYERS, VK COLLINS, JK PURDY, CW TI EPITOPE-SPECIFIC ANTIBODY-RESPONSES IN MARKET-STRESSED CALVES TO BOVINE HERPESVIRUS TYPE-1 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE BOVINE HERPESVIRUS TYPE 1; EPITOPES; RECIPROCAL COMPETITION ELISA; VACCINATION; BOVINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE ID SHIPPING FEVER PNEUMONIA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GLYCOPROTEINS; CATTLE; RHINOTRACHEITIS; VACCINES; TRIAL AB Reciprocal competition ELISA (rcELISA) was conducted to map monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reactive with gI, gIII and gIV glycoproteins of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) into epitope groups. mAbs to glycoproteins gI and gIV were divided into six epitope groups each, while gill mAbs had been previously divided into four areas. mAbs were chosen from each epitope group to compete in cELISA with bovine sera collected during a typical regimen of vaccination and transportation from farm to auction to feedlot. The immunodominant epitopes were identified for each BHV-1 glycoprotein. With glycoprotein gI, three epitopes defined by mAbs 1F10, D9 and 4807 were the most dominant; with glycoprotein gIII epitopes defined by mAbs G2 and 1507, and with glycoprotein gIV epitopes defined by mAbs 1102, 1106, 3C1, 3402 and 3E7 showed the maximum responses. The overall cELISA responses to each glycoprotein among two vaccination groups were also compared and it was shown chat cELISA responses were significantly higher for each glycoprotein in calves receiving two vaccinations, one on the farm of origin and one at auction, than in calves receiving only one vaccination at auction. C1 USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. RP AYERS, VK (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG PY 1994 VL 12 IS 10 BP 940 EP 946 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(94)90038-8 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA NW195 UT WOS:A1994NW19500013 PM 7526569 ER PT J AU HILL, DE FETTERER, RH ROMANOWSKI, RD URBAN, JF AF HILL, DE FETTERER, RH ROMANOWSKI, RD URBAN, JF TI THE EFFECT OF IMMUNIZATION OF PIGS WITH ASCARIS-SUUM CUTICLE COMPONENTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANCE TO PARENTERAL MIGRATION DURING A CHALLENGE INFECTION SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LARVAE; EGGS; IMMUNITY AB The development of immunity to Ascaris suum was studied in pigs immunized with isolated cuticle fragments from A. suum second and third stage larvae (L2/L3) and adult warms, and compared with other methods that stimulate a strong protective response in pigs. A significant protective response was seen in animals immunized with isolated cuticle fragments from ii. suum L2/L3 and adults, but it was less than that seen in animals inoculated with UV-irradiated eggs or naturally exposed to eggs on a dirt lot. Significant IgG responses to 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME)-soluble cuticle components were seen in all groups, but the level of the antibody response did not relate to protection. Group differences in antibody and lymphocyte blastogenic responses to cuticle proteins indicated quantitative and qualitative stage specific differences in 2ME-soluble and insoluble cuticular proteins. Intestinal immunity was notably absent from cuticle immunized pigs because a marked liver white spot response was observed following the challenge inoculation. Thus, cuticle fragments from larval and adult A. suum are capable of inducing a protective response to larval migration; however, the development of intestinal immunity is not a direct function of exposure to these antigens. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,AGR RES SERV,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HILL, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BIOSYSTEMAT PARASITOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 16 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90005-1 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA PC541 UT WOS:A1994PC54100005 PM 7975188 ER PT J AU SHEFFIELD, CL KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C DELOACH, JR STANKER, LH AF SHEFFIELD, CL KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C DELOACH, JR STANKER, LH TI PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY AGAINST BOVINE HAPTOGLOBIN AND ITS USE IN AN ELISA SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE; SERUM; CATTLE; PROTEINS AB Haptoglobin (Hp) is the major acute phase reactant found in cattle. As such, it is an excellent indicator of early disease processes and could be used as a marker for pre-clinical illness in cattle. The production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against bovine Hp and bovine hemoglobin is described. The anti-haptoglobin mAbs (Hap1, Hap2, Hap3) and the anti-bovine hemoglobin (Hb) mAb (BoHem1) were characterized and tested for cross-reactivity by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting analyses. Additionally, the development of an ELISA based on an anti-haptoglobin mAb is discussed. RP SHEFFIELD, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2 BP 171 EP 183 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90006-X PG 13 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA PC541 UT WOS:A1994PC54100006 PM 7975189 ER PT J AU DEAN, HJ CHEUNG, AK AF DEAN, HJ CHEUNG, AK TI IDENTIFICATION OF THE PSEUDORABIES VIRUS UL4 AND UL5 (HELICASE) GENES SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; DNA-BINDING PROTEIN; TYPE-1; PRIMASE; REPLICATION; ORIGIN; POLYMERASE; SEQUENCES; GENOMES; COMPLEX AB The DNA sequence of the left end of the pseudorabies virus (PRV) BamHI-G fragment and a short adjacent sequence from the BamHI-C fragment (0.641-0.664 map units) were determined. Two open reading frames were identified and designated PRV UL4 and UL5 because they exhibit amino acid sequence homology to the herpes simplex virus type 1 UL4 and UL5 open reading frames. The PRV UL4 open reading frame codes for a 145-amino acid polypeptide of unknown function. The deduced PRV UL5 gene product is 833 amino acid residues and exhibits sequence characteristics of a helicase, including six sequence motifs which are conserved for a superfamily of helicases. PRV UL5 also contains a putative leucine zipper motif which is not present in other herpesvirus helicase sequences. PRV UL4 and UL5 are transcribed in the opposite orientation with respect to the UL1, UL2, UL3, and UL3.5 gene cluster located at the right end of BamHI-G. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG 1 PY 1994 VL 202 IS 2 BP 962 EP 967 DI 10.1006/viro.1994.1419 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA NY181 UT WOS:A1994NY18100046 PM 8030256 ER PT J AU YOZAWA, T KUTISH, GF AFONSO, CL LU, Z ROCK, DL AF YOZAWA, T KUTISH, GF AFONSO, CL LU, Z ROCK, DL TI 2 NOVEL MULTIGENE FAMILIES, 530 AND 300, IN THE TERMINAL VARIABLE REGIONS OF AFRICAN-SWINE-FEVER VIRUS GENOME SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID GENETIC-VARIATION; DNA; FAMILY-110; ISOLATE; CLONING; MALAWI; END AB Here, we describe two novel multigene families (MGF) present in the terminal variable regions of the African swine fever virus (ASN) genome. MGF530 includes at least six related ORFs (averaging 530 amino acids) containing four well-conserved domains and amino acid identities ranging from 24 to 55%. MGF300 is composed of three ORFs (averaging 300 amino acids) containing three highly conserved domains and amino acid identities ranging from 25 to 46%. Amino terminal regions of predicted MGF530 and 300 proteins share significant similarity with each other and with the comparable regions of previously characterized MGF360 ORFs. Members of both MGF530 and 300 are transcribed in ASFV-infected porcine macrophages. These results indicate that the composition and organization of MGF in the terminal variable region of the ASFV genome are more complex than previously recognized. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR, GREENPORT, NY 11944 USA. UNIV CONNECTICUT, DEPT PATHOBIOL, STORRS, CT 06269 USA. NR 30 TC 31 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG 1 PY 1994 VL 202 IS 2 BP 997 EP 1002 DI 10.1006/viro.1994.1426 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA NY181 UT WOS:A1994NY18100053 PM 8030263 ER PT J AU JEWELL, JE MECHAM, JO AF JEWELL, JE MECHAM, JO TI IDENTIFICATION OF AN AMINO-ACID ON VP2 THAT AFFECTS NEUTRALIZATION OF BLUETONGUE VIRUS SEROTYPE-10 SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BLUETONGUE VIRUS; NEUTRALIZATION; VP2; SEQUENCE ID UNITED-STATES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; GENOME SEGMENTS; PROTEIN; SEQUENCE; EPITOPES; DETERMINANTS; SHEEP; RNA AB Genome segment 2, coding for the VP2 protein, of a neutralization resistant variant was compared to segment 2 of the bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 10 parent from which the variant was derived. Full-length double-stranded cDNA of BTV segment 2 RNA, which was prepared by reverse transcription, was used as template to prepare overlapping subgenomic cDNA products by PCR. Purified PCR cDNA fragments were sequenced by the dideoxy chain termination reaction. Each base was determined an average of 3.7 times. Comparison of the sequence of segment 2 of the neutralization resistant variant with segment 2 of the parental virus showed two base changes, one of which resulted in a changed amino acid. This change was in a different region of VP2 than those previously reported in other neutralization resistant variants of BTV. In addition to this change, both the parental virus and the variant virus differed in two amino acids from the previously published sequence of VP2 of BTV serotype 10. C1 USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,LARAMIE,WY 82071. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 33 IS 2 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(94)90050-7 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA NZ234 UT WOS:A1994NZ23400003 PM 7975878 ER PT J AU DESA, RO ZELLNER, M GRUBMAN, MJ AF DESA, RO ZELLNER, M GRUBMAN, MJ TI PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF SEGMENT-10 FROM AFRICAN HORSESICKNESS VIRUS AND COGNATE GENES FROM OTHER ORBIVIRUSES SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AFRICAN HORSESICKNESS VIRUS; SEGMENT 10; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS ID BLUETONGUE VIRUS; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENOME; NS3; DNA AB Utilizing the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedure, we have synthesized full-length copies of segment 10 from African horsesickness virus (AHSV) serotypes 1, 4 and 8. The genes were cloned, sequenced and compared with the sequence of the cognate gene from AHSV serotypes 3 and 9. Sequences were analyzed to assess evolutionary relationships among serotypes using cladistics. Based on this analysis the data support a close relationship between serotypes 4 and 9 and between serotypes 1 and 8 and a closer relationship of serotype 3 to the 4 and 9 group. C1 USDA ARS,NAA PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. UNIV RICHMOND,DEPT BIOL,RICHMOND,VA 23173. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 33 IS 2 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(94)90052-3 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA NZ234 UT WOS:A1994NZ23400005 PM 7975880 ER PT J AU RADIN, JW LU, ZM PERCY, RG ZEIGER, E AF RADIN, JW LU, ZM PERCY, RG ZEIGER, E TI GENETIC-VARIABILITY FOR STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE IN PIMA COTTON AND ITS RELATION TO IMPROVEMENTS OF HEAT ADAPTATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LEAF TEMPERATURE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; STRESS; PLANTS; GROWTH AB Responses of stomata to environment have been intensively studied, but little is known of genetic effects on stomatal conductance or their consequences. In Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.), a crop that is bred for irrigated production in very hot environments, stomatal conductance varies genetically over a wide range and has increased with each release of new higher-yielding cultivars. A cross between heat-adapted (high-yielding) and unadapted genotypes produced F-2 progeny cosegregating for stomatal conductance and leaf temperature. Within segregating populations in the field, conductance was negatively correlated with foliar temperature because of evaporative cooling. Plants were selected from the F-2 generation specifically and solely for differing stomatal conductance. Among F-3 and F-4 populations derived from these selections, conductance and leaf cooling were significantly correlated with fruiting prolificacy during the hottest period of the year and with yield. Conductance was not associated with other factors that might have affected yield; potential (single-leaf photosynthetic rate, leaf water potential). As breeders have increased the yield of this crop, genetic variability for conductance has allowed inadvertent selection for ''heat avoidance'' (evaporative cooling) in a hot environment. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT BIOL,BIOMED & ENVIRONM SCI LAB,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. NR 31 TC 110 Z9 120 U1 5 U2 20 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 19 PY 1994 VL 91 IS 15 BP 7217 EP 7221 DI 10.1073/pnas.91.15.7217 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NY348 UT WOS:A1994NY34800097 PM 11607487 ER PT J AU JOHNSTON, B AF JOHNSTON, B TI GLAD WE COULD HELP DEFEND IT SO DATAMATION LA English DT Letter RP JOHNSTON, B (reprint author), USDA,STARKVILLE,MS 39759, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAHNERS-DENVER PUBLISHING CO PI HIGHLANDS RANCH PA 8773 S RIDGELINE BLVD, HIGHLANDS RANCH, CO 80126-2329 SN 0011-6963 J9 DATAMATION JI Datamation PD JUL 15 PY 1994 VL 40 IS 14 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA NY022 UT WOS:A1994NY02200011 ER PT J AU RICHARDS, MP AF RICHARDS, MP TI APPLICATION OF A POLYAMINE-COATED CAPILLARY TO THE SEPARATION OF METALLOTHIONEIN ISOFORMS BY CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Frederick Conference on Capillary Electrophoresis CY OCT 19-20, 1993 CL FREDERICK, MD ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROTEINS; BUFFERS; LIVER; ISOMETALLOTHIONEINS; QUANTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; PEPTIDES; CELLS; GENES AB In this study a fused-silica capillary treated internally with a polyamine coating which reverses electroosmotic flow in the direction of the anode was evaluated for its ability to resolve metallothionein (MT) isoforms. Analysis of different MTs purified from liver and kidney tissue revealed the following numbers of putative isoform peaks resolved: rabbit (3-6); horse (3-5); rat (2-3), chicken (1); human MT-1 (5-6); sheep (4-5) and pig (4-5). The greater degree of MT isoform heterogeneity detected in this study using the polyamine-coated capillary suggested a higher resolving capacity for capillary zone electrophoresis conducted with this capillary compared to an uncoated one. Using the single isoform of chicken MT (cMT) as a reference standard, relative standard deviations of 2.53, 1.85 and 2.21% for peak migration time, area and height, respectively, were observed for eight consecutive runs. A standard curve for cMT established linearity (r(2) = 0.99) for integrated peak area over three log units of cMT concentration with a lower limit of detection estimated to be less than or equal to 5 mu g/ml. Acetonitrile extracts of chick liver tissue homogenates were successfully analyzed for the presence of MT isoforms from both control and zinc-injected animals. Based on our initial evaluation, capillary zone electrophoresis using the polyamine-coated capillary appears to be a very useful analytical method for the separation and quantification of individual MT isoforms. RP RICHARDS, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BLDG 200,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B-Biomed. Appl. PD JUL 15 PY 1994 VL 657 IS 2 BP 345 EP 355 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00033-6 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA PA243 UT WOS:A1994PA24300012 PM 7952099 ER PT J AU SCHOOFS, L VEELAERT, D HOLMAN, GM HAYES, TK DELOOF, A AF SCHOOFS, L VEELAERT, D HOLMAN, GM HAYES, TK DELOOF, A TI PARTIAL IDENTIFICATION, SYNTHESIS AND IMMUNOLOCALIZATION OF LOCUSTAMYOINHIBIN, THE 3RD MYOINHIBITING NEUROPEPTIDE ISOLATED FROM LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA SO REGULATORY PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA; NEUROPEPTIDE; OPTIC LOBE; VISUAL SYSTEM; NEUROTRANSMITTER; MYOTROPIC ACTIVITY ID CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BIOSYNTHESIS ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; VERTEBRATE TACHYKININ FAMILY; INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES; PEPTIDE FAMILY; IMMUNOREACTIVE NEURONS; MYOTROPIC PEPTIDES; CORPORA CARDIACA; LOCUSTAPYROKININ; LOCALIZATION AB A blocked neuropeptide that suppresses the motility of the cockroach hindgut has been isolated from an extract of 9000 brain-corpora cardiaca-corpora allata-suboesophageal ganglion complexes of Locusta migratoria. Biological activity was monitored during HPLC purification by observing the myoinhibiting activity of column fractions on the isolated hindgut of Leucophaea maderae. Due to the low amount of material left after deblocking, this myoinhibiting peptide - designated as locustamyoinhibin or Lom-MIH - could only be partially sequenced: pGlu-X-Tyr-X'-Lys-Gln-Ser-Ala-Phe-Asn-Ala-Val-Ser-NH2. Nevertheless, the carboxy-terminal nonamer sequence (Lom-MIH(5-13)) was synthesized and also displayed myoinhibiting activity, indicating that the biologically active core lies in the carboxy-terminal sequence. Lom-MIH shows no sequence similarities with other peptides from vertebrate or invertebrate sources and is the third myoinhibiting peptide identified in Locusta migratoria. A polyclonal antiserum was raised against Lom-MIH(5-13) and used to investigate the distribution of immunoreactive peptide in the central nervous system and its associated neurohaemal structures. Two groups of neurons with somata in the optic lobes show locustamyoinhibin (Lom-MIH)-like immunoreactivity. These groups have somata at the dorsal and ventral edge of the lamina ganglionaris. The neurons have dense ramifications in the lamina, with processes extending into the first optic chiasma and into the accessory medulla. Four cell bodies were detected in the protocerebrum, and two cells were found at the externo-lateral edge of the tritocerebrum. No immunoreactive perikarya could be observed in the suboesophageal ganglion nor in the ganglia of the ventral nerve cord. Neither the corpora cardiaca nor the neurohaemal organs of the ventral nerve cord showed immunolabelling. Therefore, our findings provide anatomical evidence for a central neurotransmitter role of Lom-MIH. C1 USDA,FOOD & ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,INVERTEBRATE NEUROENDOCRINE RES LABS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP SCHOOFS, L (reprint author), KATHOLIEKE UNIV LEUVEN,INST ZOOL,NAAMSESTR 59,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-0115 J9 REGUL PEPTIDES JI Regul. Pept. PD JUL 14 PY 1994 VL 52 IS 2 BP 139 EP 156 DI 10.1016/0167-0115(94)90046-9 PG 18 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA NY337 UT WOS:A1994NY33700007 PM 7972937 ER PT J AU LECLERCQ, S THIRIONET, I BROEDERS, F DALOZE, D VANDERMEER, R BRAEKMAN, JC AF LECLERCQ, S THIRIONET, I BROEDERS, F DALOZE, D VANDERMEER, R BRAEKMAN, JC TI ABSOLUTE-CONFIGURATION OF THE SOLENOPSINS, VENOM ALKALOIDS OF THE FIRE ANTS SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article ID ROUTE; HETEROCYCLES; CHEMISTRY; CHLORIDE; ACID AB An effective and practical procedure has been developed that allows the assignment of the absolute configuration of solenopsins from diverse origins using only small amounts of material. The method is based on the transformation of the natural secondary amines into diastereoisomeric amides by reaction with (R)-2-methoxy-2-phenyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)acetic acid chloride (MTPA-Cl), followed by comparison of their chromatographic behaviour with those of standards of established absolute configuration, This procedure has been applied to three samples of ants: Solenopsis geminata workers, S. invicta workers and S. invicta alates. It has been found that the absolute configuration of the trans alkaloids is always (2R,6R) while that of the cis alkaloids is (2R,6S). Moreover, a new synthesis of enantiomerically pure solenopsin A (4) and isosolenopsin A (3) starting from L-alanine is presented. C1 FREE UNIV BRUSSELS,FAC SCI,BIOORGAN CHEM LAB CP 160 7,B-1050 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 31 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD JUL 11 PY 1994 VL 50 IS 28 BP 8465 EP 8478 DI 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)85567-8 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA NX314 UT WOS:A1994NX31400017 ER PT J AU DEMILO, AB WARTHEN, JD LEONHARDT, BA AF DEMILO, AB WARTHEN, JD LEONHARDT, BA TI CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE TRANS ISOMERS OF CERALURE, A MEDFLY ATTRACTANT SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Note ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; TRIMEDLURE; TEPHRITIDAE; ENANTIOMERS; DIPTERA AB A capillary GC method has been developed to analyze laboratory or commercial samples of the medfly attractant ceralure [ethyl 4- (and 5-)iodo-trans-2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate]. The method utilizes a specially prepared fused-silica column with a bonded phenyl-methyl polysiloxane liquid phase. Baseline separation was achieved for three of the four trans-ceralure isomers. Difficulties encountered with other columns investigated are also discussed. RP DEMILO, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS,PSI,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 8 PY 1994 VL 673 IS 2 BP 295 EP 298 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(94)85047-X PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA NX188 UT WOS:A1994NX18800015 ER PT J AU FRENCH, AD JEFFREY, GA PFEFFER, P DUDLEY, RL YEON, Y NITSCH, E AF FRENCH, AD JEFFREY, GA PFEFFER, P DUDLEY, RL YEON, Y NITSCH, E TI AN NMR, X-RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE, AND MOLECULAR MECHANICS STUDY OF DI-(3-DEOXY-D-GLYCERO-PENTULOSE) 1,2'/2,1'-DIANHYDRIDE SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The structure of di-(3-deoxy-D-glycero-pentulose), 1,2':2,1' dianhydride, C10H16O6, has been studied by NMR spectroscopy in D2O and Me(2)SO-d(6) solutions, by X-ray crystal-structure analysis at 123 K, and by molecular mechanics calculations. The NMR data show that the molecule is asymmetric with distinct resonances that can be assigned to all hydrogens and protonated carbon atoms. In the crystal, the central dioxane ring has a chair conformation. Both furanoid rings have envelope conformations, one is (3)E, the other E(O). The molecular mechanics calculations indicate a marked difference in the pseudorotational flexibility in the two furanoid rings. The (3)E (alpha-anomeric) ring is relatively restricted, with T-3(2)-(3)E-T-3(4) conformations within 1 kcal/mol from the energy minimum. The E(O) (beta-anomeric) ring is much more flexible, with conformations from T-5(4) through E(O) to T-4(3), within the 1 kcal/mol energy contour. This result is consistent with the NMR data. For the 3E ring, the NMR dihedral angles, calculated from coupling constants, are consistent with conformations from (3)E to T-5(4), while for the E(O) ring they range from T-3(4)-T-2(O) BY decomposing the calculated energy components, the difference in the pseudorotational flexibility of the two furanoid rings can be related to the difference in the torsion angle energies about the C-5-O-5 bonds in the two rings. The molecules in the crystal are linked by infinite chains of hydrogen bonds. C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,DEPT CRYSTALLOG,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. KOREAN AIR FORCE ACAD,DEPT CHEM,CHUNGBUK 363849,SOUTH KOREA. LAEVOSAN GESELL MBH,A-4021 LINZ,AUSTRIA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD JUL 4 PY 1994 VL 260 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(94)80017-0 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA NV515 UT WOS:A1994NV51500001 ER PT J AU VANSCHILFGAARDE, J AF VANSCHILFGAARDE, J TI IRRIGATION - A BLESSING OR A CURSE SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT; SOCIOECONOMIC EFFECT; CULTURAL EFFECT; SUSTAINABILITY; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; HISTORY; MANAGEMENT AB Irrigation is vital to the well being of the people in this world and plays a significant role in local, national, and international economics. However, irrigation also has created problems, such as salinization of land and water resources, adverse socio-economic and cultural effects, and environmental damage. Civilizations have risen and fallen with the growth and decline of their irrigation systems, while others have maintained sustainable irrigation for thousands of years. In the last century or so, many large and impressive irrigation projects have been installed as monuments to engineering technology. Often, these systems have centralized (top-down) management, which is not in the best interest of farmers and local people. Gradual development of existing local irrigation practices and farmer (bottom-up) management, while less spectacular, may ultimately be more successful. Many of the problems in irrigated agriculture can be mitigated or avoided by improved technology and management, and by adequately addressing cultural, social, and environmental aspects. RP VANSCHILFGAARDE, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BARC W, BLDG 005, ROOM 115, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 24 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 25 IS 3 BP 203 EP 219 DI 10.1016/0378-3774(94)90061-2 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA PB293 UT WOS:A1994PB29300002 ER PT J AU BOUWER, H AF BOUWER, H TI IRRIGATION AND GLOBAL WATER OUTLOOK SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE INTERNATIONAL WATER COMPETITION; WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; WATER REUSE; SEWAGE EFFLUENT; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; HEALTH EFFECTS; WATER CONSERVATION ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 AB While the earth's renewable water resources are finite, the earth's population continues to increase and requires more and more water for municipal, industrial, agricultural, environmental, recreational and other needs. Water resources must be better managed on a local, regional, national, and international scale. This includes providing more storage of water during times of water surplus, minimizing water losses, increasing food production per unit of water, transferring water to uses with higher socioeconomic returns, and reusing wastewater. Sewage effluent often already is indirectly used, but water reuse in the future must be better planned as sewage flows increase, the public health and surface water quality need to be protected, and edible crops need to be irrigated. Planned water reuse requires adequate treatment so as to meet the quality requirements of the intended reuse. Agricultural and urban irrigation will play an important role in water reuse, especially in dry climates. RP BOUWER, H (reprint author), USDA,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 25 IS 3 BP 221 EP 231 DI 10.1016/0378-3774(94)90062-0 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA PB293 UT WOS:A1994PB29300003 ER PT J AU BOUWER, H AF BOUWER, H TI UNTITLED SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material RP BOUWER, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 25 IS 3 BP R3 EP R3 DI 10.1016/0378-3774(94)90060-4 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA PB293 UT WOS:A1994PB29300001 ER PT J AU OVERMAN, AR WILKINSON, SR WILSON, DM AF OVERMAN, AR WILKINSON, SR WILSON, DM TI AN EXTENDED MODEL OF FORAGE GRASS RESPONSE TO APPLIED NITROGEN SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID YIELD; BERMUDAGRASS; BAHIAGRASS AB A simple model is needed that relates forage grass production (yield and N removal) to management factors (applied N, harvest interval, and water availability). The objective of this analysis was to extend a previous model to include quantitative coupling between yield and N removal in response to applied N for perennial grasses. The extended model was developed from three postulates: (1) annual dry matter yield follows logistic response to applied N, (2) annual plant N removal follows logistic response to applied N, and (3) the N response coefficients are the same for both. Three additional consequences derive from these postulates: (i) plant N concentration response to applied N follows a ratio of logistic functions, (ii) annual dry matter yield and plant N removal are related by a hyperbolic equation, and (iii) plant N concentration and plant N removal follow a linear relationship. Data from a field study in Louisiana with dallisgrass [Paspalum dilatatum Poir.] grown on Olivier silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Aquic Fragiudalf) were used to demonstrate applicability of the model and to illustrate procedures. Analysis of variance supported Postulate 3 for these data, with an overall correlation coefficient of 0.9990. Plant N concentration (N(c)) for this study was bounded by 11.8 < N(c) < 27.5 g kg-1. Maximum yield for the study reached 57% of potential yield at plant N removal of 427 kg ha-1. Potential yield of 27.5 Mg ha-1 appears to be in the range of values reported in the literature. Further use of this model should provide added insight into the coupling among various mechanisms that control forage production. C1 USDA ARS,S PIEDMONT CONSERV RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. RP OVERMAN, AR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGR ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 16 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 86 IS 4 BP 617 EP 620 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NZ689 UT WOS:A1994NZ68900007 ER PT J AU ALLEN, LH VALLE, RR MISHOE, JW JONES, JW AF ALLEN, LH VALLE, RR MISHOE, JW JONES, JW TI SOYBEAN LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE RESPONSES TO CARBON-DIOXIDE AND WATER-STRESS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENT CO2 ENVIRONMENTS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; TRANSPIRATION RATE; ABSCISIC-ACID; LEAVES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FIELD; WHEAT; GROWTH; CARBOXYLASE AB As global carbon dioxide concentrations rise, we need to understand the combination of direct effects of this gas and the anticipated effects of climate change, including drought, on physiology and growth of all crops. Effects Of CO2 on plants begin at the leaf level; our objectives, therefore, were to determine interrelationships among factors governing gas exchange responses of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] leaves to elevated CO2 and water stress. Photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and transpiration rates were measured in cuvettes on leaflets of soybean (cv. Bragg) grown in controlled-environment chambers at 330 and 660 mumol CO2 Mol-1 air. Leaflets at high CO2, either water-stressed or well-watered, had higher photosynthetic and lower transpiration rates, and therefore higher water-use efficiencies (WUE), than those at Control CO2 levels. As irrigation was withheld during an 11-d period, WUE decreased about 30 to 50% with respect to the well-watered treatments. Midday leaf temperature and leaf-to-air vapor pressure gradient levels increased as the water stress progressed. For water stress treatments, midday leaf conductance (G(lw)) was generally higher and residual internal conductance (G(r)) was generally lower in low than in high CO2. Ratios of midday G(r)/G(lc), were nearly constant throughout the period in both the stressed and the well-watered treatments. The ratios of intercellular C(i), to ambient C(a), CO2 concentration (i.e., C(i)/C(a)) during the water stress period remained similar to the respective nonstressed treatments within each CO2 level. These findings support the concept that leaf conductances are governed by CO2 assimilation rates under water-stressed as well as unstressed conditions. C1 CTR PESQUISAS CACAU, DIV BOT, DIV BOT, ITABUNA, BA, BRAZIL. UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT AGR ENGN, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. RP ALLEN, LH (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT AGRON, USDA ARS, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. NR 44 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 86 IS 4 BP 625 EP 636 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NZ689 UT WOS:A1994NZ68900009 ER PT J AU MUELLERWARRANT, GW YOUNG, WC MELLBYE, ME AF MUELLERWARRANT, GW YOUNG, WC MELLBYE, ME TI INFLUENCE OF RESIDUE REMOVAL METHOD AND HERBICIDES ON PERENNIAL RYEGRASS SEED PRODUCTION .1. WEED-CONTROL SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Grass seed production in the Pacific Northwest is in transition from reliance on open-field burning to systems integrating mechanical removal of postharvest crop residues with chemical weed control. Field tests of the ability of these systems to meet current seed certification standards while maintaining normal seed yields were initiated in 1989. Fourteen herbicide treatment sequences plus an untreated check were evaluated under five residue removal systems at two sites during two consecutive growing seasons. Residue removal methods were three non-burn systems varying in thoroughness of residue removal and two methods of burning. Among the nonburn systems, adequate control of volunteer perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), the most abundant weed in all tests, was most readily achieved in plots where residue was most thoroughly removed. Herbicide treatments providing the best weed control in both years at both sites included preemergence (PRE) metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide] followed by postemergence (POST) oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene] plus diuron [N'-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylureal, PRE metolachlor followed by POST diuron, and PRE pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] followed by POST oxyfluorfen plus metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one]. PRE pendimethalin followed by POST oxyfluorfen plus diuron provided adequate weed control in most residue removal systems, but was marginal in the least thorough residue removal system. With properly chosen herbicide treatments, seed certification standards for perennial ryegrass can be met without field burning. C1 LINN CTY EXT,ALBANY,OR 97321. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP MUELLERWARRANT, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 86 IS 4 BP 677 EP 684 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NZ689 UT WOS:A1994NZ68900017 ER PT J AU MUELLERWARRANT, GW YOUNG, WC MELLBYE, ME AF MUELLERWARRANT, GW YOUNG, WC MELLBYE, ME TI INFLUENCE OF RESIDUE REMOVAL METHOD AND HERBICIDES ON PERENNIAL RYEGRASS SEED PRODUCTION .2. CROP TOLERANCE SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS AB Inherent in the ongoing transition from open-field burning to non-burn systems for grass seed production in the Pacific Northwest is an increased reliance on herbicides for weed control. However, herbicide treatments able to control volunteer crop seedlings, the most abundant weed in certified grass seed fields, may pose severe hazards to the established crop itself. Fourteen herbicide treatment sequences plus an untreated check were examined in five residue removal systems at two sites during two consecutive growing seasons to determine their impact on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seed yield. Seed yield was reduced by weed competition in nonburned, untreated checks, and by herbicide injury in some of the 14 herbicide treatment sequences. When compared across 13 promising herbicide treatments, seed yield did not differ between burned and nonburned plots in the first year, although burning was slightly superior in the second. However, the cumulative yield advantage to burning was only 84 kg ha-1, or 2.6%, over the 2-yr period. Although differences in yield among four herbicides applied preemergence (PRE) to seedling grasses in mid-October were relatively small, pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] and oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzene] were superior to either metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] or trifiuralin [2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine] in specific instances. When applied following PRE herbicides, early December post-emergence (POST) applications of 12 kg ha-1 diuron [N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea] or 0.14 kg ha-1 oxyfluorfen plus 1.3 kg ha-1 diuron generally did not differ in yield. While there was usually little net effect on seed yield of applying POST herbicides following pendimethalin, they did depress yield 129 kg ha-1 the first year in burned plots, while increasing it an average of 79 kg ha-1 the second year in all plots. With properly chosen herbicide treatments, the impact on perennial ryegrass seed yield of changing to nonburned methods of residue removal should be minimal. If such herbicide treatments are not available, however, the elimination of field burning may seriously disrupt perennial ryegrass seed production. C1 LINN CTY EXT OFF,ALBANY,OR 97321. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP MUELLERWARRANT, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 86 IS 4 BP 684 EP 690 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NZ689 UT WOS:A1994NZ68900018 ER PT J AU DAVIS, DK MCGRAW, RL BEUSELINCK, PR AF DAVIS, DK MCGRAW, RL BEUSELINCK, PR TI HERBAGE AND SEED PRODUCTION OF ANNUAL LESPEDEZAS AS AFFECTED BY HARVEST MANAGEMENT SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Striate [Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindler] and korean [K. stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino] annual lespedezas are warm-season forage legumes grown throughout the southeastern USA for pasture, hay, or seed. They prod, hgh quality herbage during midsummer, when often have poor quality. Limited information is available on harvest management for herbage and seed yield of annual lespedezas. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of cutting height and frequency on herbage production and seed yield of striate and korean annual lespedeza. Two field experiments were performed. The first determined the effects of a one- or two-harvest management system and cutting initially at either 6 or 12 cm above the soil surface on herbage and seed yields. The second experiment was a growth analysis of lespedeza on plots not cut or cut at either 6 or 12 cm above the soil. Maximum herbage accumulation occurred for both species during late August, at almost-equal-to 30% bloom. Harvesting in late August in the one-harvest management system, yielded more total herbage than harvesting in July and October in the two-harvest management system. Maximum seed yields were obtained when Marion and Summit were harvested only once in October (1115 kg ha-1 and 751 kg ha-1 of seed, respectively). Cutting height affected Summit more than Marion. Cutting Summit at a stubble height of 6 cm in July reduced both regrowth herbage and seed yields more than cutting at 12 cm. Marion regrowth herbage and seed yields were unaffected by initial cutting height. Growth habit differences between Marion and Summit were probably responsible for differences in response to cutting height. Marion is more prostrate than Summit and thus had more herbage below the cutting height after harvest to provide energy for regrowth. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON,DULUTH,MN 55812. USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 86 IS 4 BP 704 EP 706 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NZ689 UT WOS:A1994NZ68900022 ER PT J AU DOUGLAS, CL WILKINS, DE CHURCHILL, DB AF DOUGLAS, CL WILKINS, DE CHURCHILL, DB TI TILLAGE, SEED SIZE, AND SEED DENSITY EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE OF SOFT WHITE WINTER-WHEAT SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN; VIGOR AB Conservation tillage systems, which leave residues on or near the soil surface, can suppress soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) emergence, early development of seedlings, and grain yield. This field study evaluated effects of tillage, seed size, and seed density on the above parameters. Commercially processed, untreated 'Stephens' winter wheat grains, separated into size-density combinations of large-dense, large-light, small-dense, small-light, and unsorted, were seeded into tilled and nontilled soil in the fall of 1990 and 1991. In 1990, when seed zone soil moisture was adequate, tillage significantly decreased seminal root intercepts at 3 cm (16%) and 5 cm (24%) below the seed. There was no significant effect of seed size-density. When seed zone soil moisture was marginal in 1991, tillage significantly increased emergence (15%), number of main stem leaves (11%), seminal roots (4%), root intercepts (3 and 5 cm > 100%), straw yield (17%), and grain yield (12%). The only significant effect of seed size and density on aboveground parameters was on main stem leaf number, seedling weight, and number of heads. Small-light seed had significantly more 3-cm (53%) and 5-cm (39%) root intercepts and 26% fewer disease-pruned roots than other size-density treatments. Seed size and density did not significantly affect grain yield in either year. Therefore, there is not sufficient justification to change the current seed processing procedure by use of a gravity table. C1 USDA ARS, NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. RP DOUGLAS, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR, POB 370, PENDLETON, OR 97801 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 86 IS 4 BP 707 EP 711 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NZ689 UT WOS:A1994NZ68900023 ER PT J AU PETTIGREW, WT AF PETTIGREW, WT TI SOURCE-TO-SINK MANIPULATION EFFECTS ON COTTON LINT YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE; LIGHT; REMOVAL; GROWTH; ABSCISSION; LEAVES AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yields can vary considerably among years and locations, even under levels of water and nutrients considered adequate. Since photosynthesis is one of the principal components in determining reproductive yield, the objectives of this study were to determine how manipulations of the ratio of photosynthetic source to reproductive sink affect cotton lint yield and yield components (boll mass, seed mass, seed per boll, lint percentage, and bolls per square meter). Field studies were conducted in 1991 and 1992 on a Bosket fine sandy loam with six source-to-sink ratio manipulations (partial fruit pruned, partial leaf pruned, reflectors, open canopy, shaded plots, and an untreated control) imposed on three cotton genotypes: 'DES 119', 'DPL 5690', and 'Prena. White blooms were tagged twice in both years, and fruit were subsequently harvested after bolls had opened. These bolls were ginned and boll mass, lint percentage, and seed mass were determined. Overall lint yield and yield components were determined for the reflector, open canopy, shaded plot, and control treatments. The partial fruit pruned treatment had a 16% greater boll mass and a 10% greater seed mass than the control. Percentage lint was not affected by any of the treatments. In 1992, bolls at the first sympodial position (fruit at all other positions were pruned from the sympodial branches) had a 25% greater boll mass and 8% greater seed mass than bolls at the second sympodial position (fruit at all other positions were pruned from the sympodial branches) and control treatment bolls from the first tagging. Position 1 and Position 2 bolls did not differ in boll or seed mass during the second tagging period (both greater than the control) or in percent fruit abortion during either tagging period (both lower than the control). Lint yields from the open canopy and reflector treatments were 17% and 6% greater than the control, respectively, and the shaded plot yielded 20% less than the control. Boll number was the component of yield that accounted for these differences. Cotton canopies bred for increased light penetration to lower leaves or for better utilization of the intercepted light may lead to lint yield increases. RP PETTIGREW, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON PHYSIOL & GENET RES,POB 345,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 27 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 86 IS 4 BP 731 EP 735 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NZ689 UT WOS:A1994NZ68900027 ER PT J AU ZIMMERMAN, WJ SIMON, CJ WATANABE, I KRAWCZYK, K AF ZIMMERMAN, WJ SIMON, CJ WATANABE, I KRAWCZYK, K TI COLLECTION OF AZOLLA-MICROPHYLLA IN PARAGUAY AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION BY ALLOZYMES AND DNA-RAPDS SO AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PRIMERS C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. MIE UNIV,DEPT AGR CHEM,TSU,MIE 514,JAPAN. RP ZIMMERMAN, WJ (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT NAT SCI,DEARBORN,MI 48128, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FERN SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA C/O DAVID B LELLINGER, SMITHSONIAN INST, BOTANY DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0002-8444 J9 AM FERN J JI Am. Fern J. PD JUL-SEP PY 1994 VL 84 IS 3 BP 86 EP 94 DI 10.2307/1547275 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PH139 UT WOS:A1994PH13900002 ER PT J AU FLEMING, TH MAURICE, S BUCHMANN, SL TUTTLE, MD AF FLEMING, TH MAURICE, S BUCHMANN, SL TUTTLE, MD TI REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY AND RELATIVE MALE AND FEMALE FITNESS IN A TRIOECIOUS CACTUS, PACHYCEREUS-PRINGLEI (CACTACEAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID SCHIEDEA-GLOBOSA; MALE-STERILITY; EVOLUTION; DIOECY; CARYOPHYLLACEAE; GYNODIOECY; PLANTS; MAINTENANCE; POPULATIONS; GENDER AB We describe the breeding system of an autotetraploid trioecious cactus, Pachycereus pringlei, provide estimates of the fitnesses of males and females relative to that of hermaphrodites, and discuss the role played by pollinators in the maintenance of three sexual morphs. Relatively high frequencies of females (45%) and males (26%) exist in coastal desert populations around Bahia Kino, Sonora, Mexico. They differ from hermaphrodites in flower size (females only), initiation of the flowering season, number of flowers produced per night and per season, sucrose content of nectar, and, in females, number of fruits produced per season under open pollination and in response to hand-pollination. Major similarities between the sex classes include overall plant size, nectar volume per flower, percent fruit set in open-pollinated flowers of females and hermaphrodites, seed mass and number of seeds per fruit, and pollen mass per flower in males and hermaphrodites. Hermaphrodites are self-compatible, and the selfing rate is high (65%). Levels of inbreeding depression in selfed fruits and seeds appear to be low. Fruit set is strongly pollinator-dependent in females but much less so in hermaphrodites. Relative fitness of males and females, as measured by annual production of pollen or seeds, is at least 1.5 times higher than that of the corresponding sex function in hermaphrodites. Given the high selfing rate and apparent lack of inbreeding depression, these fitness differences are insufficient to explain the occurrence of trioecy in this species. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ECOL & EVOLUT BIOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. USDA,ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. BAT CONSERVAT INT,AUSTIN,TX 78716. RP FLEMING, TH (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI,DEPT BIOL,CORAL GABLES,FL 33124, USA. NR 40 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 26 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 81 IS 7 BP 858 EP 867 DI 10.2307/2445767 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NX604 UT WOS:A1994NX60400008 ER PT J AU LINDENBAUM, J ROSENBERG, IH WILSON, PWF STABLER, SP ALLEN, RH AF LINDENBAUM, J ROSENBERG, IH WILSON, PWF STABLER, SP ALLEN, RH TI PREVALENCE OF COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY IN THE FRAMINGHAM ELDERLY POPULATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; FOLATE DEFICIENCY; METHYLMALONIC ACID; HOMOCYSTEINE; VITAMIN-B-12; FRAMINGHAM STUDY; ELDERLY PEOPLE ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SERUM METHYLMALONIC ACID; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE CONCENTRATIONS; PROTEIN-BOUND VITAMIN-B12; INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; VASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RENAL-INSUFFICIENCY AB To determine whether the increased prevalence of low serum cobalamin concentrations in elderly people represents true deficiency, serum concentrations of cobalamin and folate and of metabolites that are sensitive indicators of cobalamin deficiency were measured in 548 surviving members of the original Framingham Study cohort. Serum cobalamin concentrations < 258 pmol/L were found in 222 subjects (40.5%) compared with 17.9% of younger control subjects (P < 0.001). Serum methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine concentrations were markedly elevated in association with cobalamin values < 258 pmol/L in 11.3% and 5.7%, respectively, of the cohort. Both metabolites were increased in 3.8% of the cohort, associated with significantly lower erythrocyte counts and higher mean cell volumes. Serum metabolites correlated best with serum cobalamin values, even when subnormal determinations were excluded. The prevalence of cobalamin deficiency was greater than or equal to 12% in a large sample of free-living elderly Americans. Many elderly people with ''normal'' serum vitamin concentrations are metabolically deficient in cobalamin or folate. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,COLL PHYS & SURG,NEW YORK,NY 10032. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MED & BIOCHEM,DENVER,CO 80262. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT BIOPHYS & GENET,DENVER,CO. RP LINDENBAUM, J (reprint author), COLUMBIA PRESBYTERIAN MED CTR,DEPT MED,NEW YORK,NY 10032, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-09834]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-21365] NR 79 TC 453 Z9 464 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 60 IS 1 BP 2 EP 11 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA NW657 UT WOS:A1994NW65700002 PM 8017332 ER PT J AU HALLFRISCH, J SINGH, VN MULLER, DC BALDWIN, H BANNON, ME ANDRES, R AF HALLFRISCH, J SINGH, VN MULLER, DC BALDWIN, H BANNON, ME ANDRES, R TI HIGH PLASMA VITAMIN-C ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH PLASMA HDL-CHOLESTEROL AND HDL(2)-CHOLESTEROL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; VITAMIN-C; LIPOPROTEINS; ATHEROGENESIS ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN-CHOLESTEROL; ASCORBIC-ACID; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; POPULATION; PRECIPITATION; ANTIOXIDANTS; QUANTITATION; RISK AB High plasma vitamin C may lower risk of cardiovascular disease as indicated by direct association with plasma high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and HDL(2) cholesterol. Plasma lipids and vitamin C were determined in 316 women and 511 men (aged 19-95 y). After adjustment for age, sex, obesity, and smoking, plasma vitamin C was directly associated with HDL- (P = 0.01) and HDL(2) cholesterol (P = 0.0002). When men and women with diseases that might affect lipids were excluded, associations between plasma vitamin C and HDL- and HDL(2) cholesterol persisted, though the relationships were strongest in older men. Comparisons of diets in a subset (n = 485) who completed 7-d diet records were made. Total fat, saturated fatty acids, energy from fat, and cholesterol intakes were not associated with plasma vitamin C. Mean intakes of vitamin C were well above recommended dietary allowances. These findings suggest that high plasma concentrations of vitamin C may lower atherogenic risk. C1 HOFFMANN LA ROCHE INC,NUTLEY,NJ 07110. NIA,GERONTOL RES CTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21224. RP HALLFRISCH, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BLDG 307,ROOM 323,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 60 IS 1 BP 100 EP 105 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA NW657 UT WOS:A1994NW65700017 PM 8017321 ER PT J AU SCOTT, KC TURNLUND, JR AF SCOTT, KC TURNLUND, JR TI A COMPARTMENTAL MODEL OF ZINC-METABOLISM IN ADULT MEN USED TO STUDY EFFECTS OF 3 LEVELS OF DIETARY COPPER SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COMPARTMENTAL ANALYSIS; ZINC KINETICS; STABLE ISOTOPES; HUMANS ID YOUNG MEN; STABLE ISOTOPE; ABSORPTION; HUMANS; KINETICS; DILUTION; DISEASE; RAT AB The effect of dietary copper level on zinc metabolism in five healthy adult men was studied using compartmental modeling. The subjects were fed one level of dietary zinc (11.2 +/- 1.6 mg/day) and three levels of dietary copper (1.68, 0.785, and 7.52 mg/day). The stable isotope tracers Zn-70 and Zn-67 were administered intravenously (3 times) and orally (4 times), respectively. Plasma, urinary, and fecal Zn-67 and Zn-70 levels were measured. An existing model of zinc metabolism was used as a basis for our model. Model rate constants were modified to simulate multiple oral and intravenous doses of stable isotope tracers given during the 90-day study. Most rate constant changes occurred in the absorption and excretion pathways. The model predicted that movement of zinc through the gastrointestinal tract increased when the highest level of copper was fed and the urinary zinc excretion rate tended to increase. The fractional rate constant representing absorption of zinc decreased slightly when the highest level of copper was fed. Total body zinc was predicted to be similar to 2,000 mg, with 95% in tissues other than the liver, red blood cells, or plasma and similar to 2.25% in the blood (with 95% of that in the red blood cells), which follows expected zinc masses within the body and those predicted by previous models. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0002-9513 J9 AM J PHYSIOL JI Am. J. Physiol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 267 IS 1 BP E165 EP E173 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA NY984 UT WOS:A1994NY98400056 PM 8048506 ER PT J AU JAHOOR, F BURRIN, DG REEDS, PJ FRAZER, M AF JAHOOR, F BURRIN, DG REEDS, PJ FRAZER, M TI MEASUREMENT OF PLASMA-PROTEIN SYNTHESIS RATE IN INFANT PIG - AN INVESTIGATION OF ALTERNATIVE TRACER APPROACHES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PLASMA PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; STABLE ISOTOPE TRACERS; INFANT PIGS; LIVER ID LIPOPROTEIN-APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; ALBUMIN SYNTHESIS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; TRANSFER-RNA; TURNOVER; PYRUVATE; LEUCINE; GLUCOSE; VALINE AB To devise a new method to measure plasma protein synthesis, we tested the hypothesis that, when [U-C-13]glucose is used to produce [U-C-13]alanine, plasma pyruvate and alanine will be in isotopic equilibrium with the alanine used to synthesize plasma proteins. The incorporation of labeled leucine, lysine, and alanine into very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) apolipoprotein B (apoB)-100, albumin, and fibrinogen was measured in seven infant pigs by infusing [U-C-13]glucose, [H-2(3)]leucine, and [H-2(4)]lysine. The plateau enrichments of plasma alanine (2.29 +/- 0.29), pyruvate (2.5 +/- 0.33), and apoB-alanine (2.33 +/- 0.25) were not different. The fractional synthesis rates of fibrinogen and albumin calculated using the isotopic enrichments of apoB-bound lysine, leucine, and alanine as the precursor were similar to those based on plasma alanine. These results suggest that the intrahepatic precursor alanine pool and plasma alanine were in isotopic equilibrium. Thus plasma protein synthesis can be measured by infusing [U-C-13]glucose and using plasma alanine as precursor. RP JAHOOR, F (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-41764] NR 17 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0002-9513 J9 AM J PHYSIOL JI Am. J. Physiol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 267 IS 1 BP R221 EP R227 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA NY985 UT WOS:A1994NY98500080 PM 8048626 ER PT J AU ZU, SX LI, JF BARRETT, LJ FAYER, R SHU, SY MCAULIFFE, JF ROCHE, JK GUERRANT, RL AF ZU, SX LI, JF BARRETT, LJ FAYER, R SHU, SY MCAULIFFE, JF ROCHE, JK GUERRANT, RL TI SEROEPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION IN CHILDREN FROM RURAL COMMUNITIES OF ANHUI, CHINA AND FORTALEZA, BRAZIL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL; DIARRHEA; ANTIBODY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; PARVUM; SERUM; IGG AB A cluster-sampling, cross-sectional study was conducted for assessing the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in children less than 16 years of age from three villages, Dondian, Linshan, and Fuziyin, in rural Anhui in eastern China. Among 320 apparently healthy children less than 10 years of age from Dondian who had stool specimens collected, cryptosporidial oocysts were found in stools of three children from Dondian, and no positive specimens were found in 239 children studied from Linshan. In addition, a total of 610 serum samples from children in these three villages were tested for specific IgG antibody to Cryptosporidium with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the prevalence rates were 42.3%, 51.7%, and 57.5%, respectively, in Dondian, Linshan, and Fuziyin. Seroprevalence increased progressively with age. No detectable antibody was found in infants between two and six months of age, and seropositivity steadily increased after one year of age. Among 36 sera from adults 15-60 years of age without diarrheal illness in Huanglu villages of rural Chaohu, 50% (18 of 36) were positive. As expected, a good correlation was found in the specific IgG antibody between the paired serum specimens from 30 matched mother-neonates who showed transplacental transfer of IgG. However, little or no IgM antibody was seen in the neonates even though several mothers had a positive anticryptosporidial IgM enzyme-linked immunoassay result. Forty randomly selected serum samples from children less than four years of age in a similarly impoverished semiurban community in Fortaleza, Brazil, where the majority of households also have pit toilets and shared community water supplies and 172 serum samples from patients one month to 29 years of age admitted to the University of Virginia Hospital without diarrhea were also examined. In Fortaleza, almost all children acquired antibody by their second year of life, demonstrating the high prevalence of this infection. In rural Anhui, only about half the children were infected by 5-7 years of age. The overall prevalence rate (16.9%) of seropositivity among children and young adults in Virginia was much lower than in China and Brazil. These results indicate that cryptosporidial infection is ubiquitous, and is highly endemic in these impoverished communities. The difference between China and Brazil may reflect earlier weaning, hygiene practices, poorer water or sanitation, multiple siblings in family and geographic environment in Brazil. C1 UNIV VIRGINIA,HLTH SCI CTR,SCH MED,DIV GEOG & INT MED,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22908. ANHUI MED UNIV,DEPT CLIN EPIDEMIOL & COMMUNITY MED,CLIN EPIDEMIOL UNIT,HEFEI,PEOPLES R CHINA. USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZONNOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. UNIV VIRGINIA,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MED,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [5PO1AI26512] NR 30 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 51 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA PD703 UT WOS:A1994PD70300001 PM 8059906 ER PT J AU LINDSAY, DS RIPPEY, NS COLE, RA PARSONS, LC DUBEY, JP TIDWELL, RR BLAGBURN, BL AF LINDSAY, DS RIPPEY, NS COLE, RA PARSONS, LC DUBEY, JP TIDWELL, RR BLAGBURN, BL TI EXAMINATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF 43 CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC-AGENTS AGAINST NEOSPORA-CANINUM TACHYZOITES IN CULTURED-CELLS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; INVITRO; APICOMPLEXA; CLINDAMYCIN; INFECTION; DOGS; PROTOZOAN; SULFADIAZINE; POLYMYOSITIS AB Neospora caninum causes serious disease in dogs, and it, or a similar parasite, is a major cause of abortion in cattle. Little is known about the susceptibility of this protozoan to antimicrobial agents. We studied several antimicrobial agents to determine which classes might have activity against this parasite. We also determined whether activity of such agents was coccidiocidal or coccidiostatic. A 2-day of treatment, monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay and a 5-day of treatment, cell culture flask (CCF), lesion-based assay were developed to examine the ability of test gents to inhibit tachyzoite multiplication. Seven sulfonamides were examined, with the following activities observed: sulfathiazole greater than or equal to sulfamethoxazole > sulfadiazine > sulfaquinoxaline > sulfamethazine > sulfadimethoxine > sulfamerazine. Dapsone, a sulfone, had little activity. Six dihydrofolate reductase/thymidylate synthase inhibitors were examined, with the following activities observed: piritrexim > pyrimethamine > ormetoprim > trimethoprim = diaveridine > methotrexate. Six ionophorous antibiotics were examined; lasalocid, maduramicin, monensin, narasin, and salinomycin had equivalent activities, but alborixin was toxic for host cells at the lowest concentration examined. Three macrolide antibiotics-azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin-were examined and had equivalent activities. Two tetracycline antibiotics, doxycycline and minocycline, were examined and had equivalent activities. Three lincosamide antibiotics were examined, with the following activities observed: clindamycin hydrochloride > clindamycin phosphate > lincomycin hydrochloride. Pentamidine and 6 of its analogs were examined, and only hexamidine and 1,4-Di[4-(2-imidazolinyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]butane had activity. Eight miscellaneous antiprotozoal agents were examined for activity. Amprolium, metronidazole, paromomycin, and roxarsone had little activity. Arprinocid, diclazuril, nitrofurazone, and robenidine had good activity. Eleven agents were examined in both assays, whereas 32 agents were examined in the CCF assay only. The enzyme immunoassay and CCF assay provided similar results for agents that rapidly killed tachyzoites. However, agents that inhibited development, but were not rapidly fatal for tachyzoites, had better activity in the CCF assay. Of the classes of agents examined, the dihydrofolate reductase/thymidylate synthase inhibitors, 2 of the 6 pentamidine analogs, and the ionophores were coccidiocidal and the sulfonamides, macrolides, tetracyclines, and lincosamides were coccidiostatic. Of the miscellaneous agents examined, arprinocid, nitrofurazone, and robenidine were coccidiocidal and diclazuril was coccidiostatic. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP LINDSAY, DS (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 32 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 55 IS 7 BP 976 EP 981 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NV280 UT WOS:A1994NV28000017 PM 7978638 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP BAKER, DG DAVIS, SW URBAN, JF SHEN, SK AF DUBEY, JP BAKER, DG DAVIS, SW URBAN, JF SHEN, SK TI PERSISTENCE OF IMMUNITY TO TOXOPLASMOSIS IN PIGS VACCINATED WITH A NONPERSISTENT STRAIN OF TOXOPLASMA-GONDII SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID P-30 ANTIGEN; MICE; PROTECTION AB Persistence of the vaccine RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii was studied by bioassay and histologically in 14 pigs. Pigs were euthanatized 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 15, 21, 29, 36, 42, 52, 57, and 76 days after IM inoculation with 100,000 T gondii tachyzoites. Viable T gondii tachyzoites derived from the RH strain were isolated by bioassay in mice inoculated with tissues of pigs euthanatized up to 14 days after vaccination. Except for fever, pigs vaccinated IM with the RH strain remained clinically normal. Two other pigs inoculated Iv with 100,000 T gondii tachyzoites of the RH strain became ill, and 1 pig was comatose by 4 days after inoculation. These findings indicate that route of inoculation may influence the response of pigs to T gondii. To evaluate protective immunity in pigs vaccinated with the RH strain, 16 age-matched pigs were allotted to 4 groups (A-D) of 4 pig; each. Eight pigs (groups A and C) were vaccinated IM with 100,000 RH strain tachyzoites and 8 pigs (groups B and D) were nonvaccinated controls. Pigs of groups A and C were challenge-inoculated orally with a lethal dose of T gondii oocysts (100,000 oocysts) 81 days after vaccination, pigs of groups B and D were inoculated similarly 220 days after vaccination. The concentration of T gondii at 3 days after challenge inoculation1 of pigs vaccinated 81 days earlier was reduced 100,000-fold in mesenteric lymph nodes, compared with that in a nonvaccinated pig euthanatized at 3 days after challenge inoculation. Another nonvaccinated pig became comatose and had to be euthanatized at 7 days after challenge inoculation; numerous tachyzoites were in its mesenteric lymph nodes, intestines, and liver. The vaccinated pigs generally remained clinically normal after challenge inoculation with oocysts. Toxoplasma gondii was not isolated by bioassays from tissues of 5 of 8 vaccinated pigs, but was recovered from all nonvaccinated pigs. Results indicate that protective immunity persisted in pigs for at least 7 months after vaccination with the nonpersistent RH strain of T gondii. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE IMMUNOBIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 11 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 55 IS 7 BP 982 EP 987 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NV280 UT WOS:A1994NV28000018 PM 7978639 ER PT J AU LONGLAND, WS AF LONGLAND, WS TI EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL BUSH CANOPIES AND ILLUMINATION ON SEED PATCH SELECTION BY HETEROMYID RODENTS SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID DESERT RODENTS; MICROHABITAT USE; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; OWL PREDATION; BODY SIZE; RISK; MOONLIGHT; RATES; COEXISTENCE; COMMUNITIES AB Bipedal species of seed-eating, desert, heteromyid rodents forage primarily in open spaces while quadrupedal heteromyids forage in structurally complex microhabitats, such as beneath bush canopies. However, both bipeds and quadrupeds use the latter microhabitats relatively more during periods of bright lunar illumination. One explanation for these patterns is that risk of predation is affected by both microhabitat type and illumination, and that microhabitat use is dictated by biped-quadruped differences in vulnerability to predators. I investigated effects of artificial bush canopies and illumination on seed patch selection by three bipedal and three quadrupedal heteromyid species in a laboratory foraging arena. I predicted that, if predation risk affects microhabitat selection, rodents would forage preferentially in seed patches characterized by less risky microhabitat and illumination conditions (i.e., in patches beneath bush canopies rather than open patches, and in dark rather than illuminated patches). Three individual rodent species in addition to species grouped as bipeds and. quadrupeds exhibited the predicted preference for dark patches, but only Dipodomys merriami preferred bush patches. No preferences were expressed for open or for illuminated patches. These results and those of previous patch choice experiments that used patches differing in seed distribution and soil properties imply that both predation risk and foraging economics affect heteromyid patch use. RP LONGLAND, WS (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,USDA ARS,920 VALLEY RD,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 132 IS 1 BP 82 EP 90 DI 10.2307/2426203 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NZ327 UT WOS:A1994NZ32700009 ER PT J AU WESTERMANN, DT TINDALL, TA JAMES, DW HURST, RL AF WESTERMANN, DT TINDALL, TA JAMES, DW HURST, RL TI NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION OF POTATOES - YIELD AND SPECIFIC-GRAVITY SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE PETIOLE K; RESPONSE SURFACES; INTERACTIONS; POTASSIUM SOURCES ID LEAF NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS; SOIL; PHOSPHORUS AB Potassium and N fertilization is often required for maximum potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production. Nitrogen, K, and K-sources (KCl, KSO4) are known to affect yield and quality of potatoes but N and K interactions as affected by K-source have not been defined. This study evaluated the N*K and K-source interactions on Russet Burbank tuber yields and specific gravity (SG) in two irrigated field experiments. Nitrogen rates of 0, 112, 224 or 336 kg ha-1 were combined with selected K rates of 0, 112, 224 or 448 kg ha-1 as either KCl or K2SO4 in an incomplete factorial. A multiple linear regression model was fit to the data and used to predict yield and SG for a complete factorial for each K-source. Both N and K applications increased yields independent of K-source. Nitrogen decreased yields at the 336 kg ha-1 rate. Potassium increased yields up to 448 kg K ha-1. Both K-sources decreased SG a similar amount with N application; without N, KCl decreased SG but K2SO4 did not. Nitrogen also decreased SG. Petiole NO3-N and K concentrations were positively related to yields and negatively to specific gravities. The petiole K concentration 100 days after planting should be above 4.5 for highest tuber yields. The N*K*K-source interaction was important for yields at low available N and for SG at adequate N availabilities. This study showed that N or K fertilizers can be applied according to their respective soil test concentration and the crop's requirement, generally without consideration of K-source. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,LOGAN,UT 84322. UNIV IDAHO,TWIN FALLS,ID 83301. RP WESTERMANN, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 28 TC 36 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 20 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 71 IS 7 BP 417 EP 431 DI 10.1007/BF02849097 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PA809 UT WOS:A1994PA80900001 ER PT J AU WESTERMANN, DT JAMES, DW TINDALL, TA HURST, RL AF WESTERMANN, DT JAMES, DW TINDALL, TA HURST, RL TI NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION OF POTATOES - SUGARS AND STARCH SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE APICAL END; STEM END; SUCROSE; REDUCING SUGARS; CHLORIDE; TUBER DRY MATTER; SULFUR; NUTRIENTS; POTASSIUM SOURCE ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; NUTRITION AB Considerable evidence exists that both N and K influence potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yields and quality. The impact of nutrients on tuber quality parameters under field conditions should be identified so optimum management practices can be utilized. We evaluated the N and K fertilization by K-sources effects on concentrations of nutrients, reducing sugars, sucrose and starch in the stem and apical tuber ends from two irrigated field experiments with the Russet Burbank cultivar. Nitrogen rates of 0, 112, 224 or 336 kg ha-1 were combined with selected K rates of 0, 112, 224 or 448 kg ha-1 as either KCl or K2SO4 arranged as an incomplete factorial. A multiple linear regression model was fit to the data and used to predict the response surface for a complete factorial for each K-source. Nitrogen applications increased or decreased reducing sugars in the apical and stem ends, respectively. Potassium decreased reducing sugars in both tuber ends. Sucrose was higher in the apical end than in the stem end but was not appreciably affected by fertilizer treatment. Nitrogen and potassium applications reduced dry matter and starch concentrations in both tuber ends. Potassium had a smaller effect on the apical end when starch was expressed on a dry weight basis, indicating that increased water content was a factor in the K effect. Both N and K concentrations in the tuber ends were negatively related to starch concentrations, but the relationship was different for the apical and stem ends. Tuber Cl concentration indirectly affected starch concentrations in the stem end when KCL was applied. The K fertilization effect on specific gravity depended upon the K concentration in the harvested tuber and was independent of K fertilizer source. These data illustrate the effects of preplant N and K fertilization rates on final tuber quality parameters. Additional studies are needed to further define the effects of nutrient concentrations at different plant growth stages. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,LOGAN,UT 84322. UNIV IDAHO,TWIN FALLS,ID 83301. RP WESTERMANN, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 32 TC 28 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 22 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 71 IS 7 BP 433 EP 453 DI 10.1007/BF02849098 PG 21 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PA809 UT WOS:A1994PA80900002 ER PT J AU LANSAC, AR SULLIVAN, CY JOHNSON, BE LEE, KW AF LANSAC, AR SULLIVAN, CY JOHNSON, BE LEE, KW TI VIABILITY AND GERMINATION OF THE POLLEN OF SORGHUM [SORGHUM-BICOLOR (L) MOENCH] SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE SORGHUM POLLEN; GERMINATION; SEED-SET; VIABILITY; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SORGHUM-BICOLOR (L) MOENCH ID ZEA-MAYS-L; STORAGE C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT BIOL SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 74 IS 1 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.1006/anbo.1994.1090 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NX076 UT WOS:A1994NX07600004 PM 19700459 ER PT J AU DIETRICH, CH POOLEY, CD AF DIETRICH, CH POOLEY, CD TI AUTOMATED IDENTIFICATION OF LEAFHOPPERS (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE, DRAECULACEPHALA BALL) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INTERACTIVE KEY; DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS; IMAGE ANALYSIS AB An automated system was developed for identifying, without dissection, leafhoppers of the genus Draeculacephala Ball. An online interactive key first is used to place an unknown specimen in a species or species group using discrete external morphological features. A morphometric identification routine then uses linear discriminant models to identify specimens belonging to groups of species that lack discrete differences. Measurements are captured automatically with a video-image processor. This system achieves identifications quickly and with minimal operator training. C1 USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,BATON ROUGE,LA 70893. RI Dietrich, Christopher/A-9169-2016 OI Dietrich, Christopher/0000-0003-4005-4305 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 87 IS 4 BP 412 EP 423 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NX585 UT WOS:A1994NX58500002 ER PT J AU ORR, DB LEWIS, LC OBRYCKI, JJ AF ORR, DB LEWIS, LC OBRYCKI, JJ TI MODIFICATION OF HERBIVORE AND PARASITOID BEHAVIOR OVER 3 TROPHIC LEVELS BY THE ENTOMOPATHOGEN NOSEMA-PYRAUSTA (MICROSPORIDA, NOSEMATIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; PATHOGEN PARASITOID INTERACTIONS; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; NUBILALIS LEPIDOPTERA-PYRALIDAE; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS; MACROCENTRUS-GRANDII; TRANSMISSION; LARVAE AB Effects of the microsporid an Nosema pyrausta Paillot on behavior of the European com borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), and its parasitoid, Macrocentrus grandii Goidanich, were examined in the laboratory. Silk produced by O. nubilalis larvae around feeding and pupation sites was more frequently diffuse (cobweblike, unstructured) in diet cups containing N. pyrausta-infected larvae; however, frequency of diffuse silk production by O. nubilalis larvae was not influenced by M. grandii parasitism. We found no evidence of N. pyrausta spores in the silk produced by infected O. nubilalis larvae. Three O. nubilalis cocoon statuses were identified as follows: (1) complete cocoon, in which thick silk cocoon completely surrounded larvae or larval remains at O. nubilalis or M. grandii pupation; (2) incomplete cocoon, which was open on one or more sides at pupation; and (3) no cocoon at pupation. The percentage of O. nubilalis larvae that formed a complete cocoon or no cocoon was significantly influenced by both infection by N. pyrausta and parasitism by M. grandii. O. nubilalis larvae that had been either infected or parasitized displayed almost-equal-to 7.2- and 12.3-fold increases in activity, respectively. Larvae that had been both infected and parasitized displayed a 45-fold increase in level of activity. Sixty-two to 80% of parasitoids emerging from hosts with an incomplete cocoon, and >91% emerging from no cocoon, were unable to spin their own cocoons, wandered from host carcasses, and did not pupate. The incidence of M. grandii spinning and wandering, and distance wandered, were independent of N. pyrausta dosage to which host larvae were exposed. Fully fed M. grandii larvae, which emerged from hosts that had not spun cocoons and were placed in complete cocoons, were able to pupate successfully and to emerge, regardless of infection status. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, USDA ARS, GENET LAB 102, CORN INSECTS RES LAB, AMES, IA 50011 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT ENTOMOL, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 87 IS 4 BP 440 EP 447 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NX585 UT WOS:A1994NX58500005 ER PT J AU COTTY, PJ BHATNAGAR, D AF COTTY, PJ BHATNAGAR, D TI VARIABILITY AMONG ATOXIGENIC ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS STRAINS IN ABILITY TO PREVENT AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION AND PRODUCTION OF AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY ENZYMES SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARASITICUS; COTTONSEED; PRECURSOR; AVERUFIN; CLONING AB Five strains of Aspergillus flavus lacking the ability to produce aflatoxins were examined in greenhouse tests for the ability to prevent a toxigenic strain from contaminating developing cottonseed with aflatoxins. All atoxigenic strains reduced contamination when inoculated into developing bells 24 h prior to the toxigenic strain. However, only one strain, AF36, was highly effective when inoculated simultaneously with the toxigenic strain. All five strains were able to inhibit aflatoxin production by the toxigenic strain in liquid fermentation. Thus, in vitro activity did not predict the ability of an atoxigenic strain to prevent contamination of developing bells. Therefore, strain selection for competitive exclusion to prevent aflatoxin contamination should include evaluation of efficacy in developing crops prior to field release. Atoxigenic strains were also characterized by the ability to convert several aflatoxin precursors into aflatoxin B-1. Four atoxigenic strains failed to convert any of the aflatoxin biosynthetic precursors to aflatoxins. However, the strain (AM6) most effective in preventing aflatoxin contamination in developing bells converted all tested precursors into aflatoxin B-1, indicating that this strain made enzymes in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway. RP COTTY, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 35 TC 62 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 60 IS 7 BP 2248 EP 2251 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA NV572 UT WOS:A1994NV57200006 PM 8074506 ER PT J AU COSTA, JM LOPER, JE AF COSTA, JM LOPER, JE TI DERIVATION OF MUTANTS OF ERWINIA-CAROTOVORA SUBSP BETAVASCULORUM DEFICIENT IN EXPORT OF PECTOLYTIC ENZYMES WITH POTENTIAL FOR BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF POTATO SOFT-ROT SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; PECTATE LYASE GENES; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; TRANSPOSON MUTAGENESIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHRYSANTHEMI EC16; MOLECULAR-CLONING; PECTIC ENZYMES; POPULATIONS; SECRETION AB Erwinia carotovora subsp. betavasculorum Ecb168 produces an antibiotic(s) that suppresses growth of the related bacterium Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora in culture and in wounds of potato tubers. Strain Ecb168 also produces and secretes pectolytic enzymes and causes a vascular necrosis and root rot of sugar beet. Genes (out) involved in secretion of pectolytic enzymes by Ecb168 were localized to two HindIII fragments (8.5 and 10.5 kb) of Ecb168 genomic DNA by hybridization to the cloned out region of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora and by complementation of Out(-) mutants of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora. Out(-) mutants of Ecb168, which did not secrete pectate lyase into the culture medium, were obtained when deletions internal to either HindIII fragment were introduced into the genome of Ecb168 through marker exchange mutagenesis. Out(-) mutants of Ecb168 were complemented to the Out(+) phenotype by introduction of the corresponding cloned HindIII fragment. Out(-) mutants of Ecb168 were less virulent than the Out(+) parental strain on potato tubers. Strain Ecb168 and Out(-) derivatives inhibited the growth of E carotovora subsp. carotovora in culture, indicating that the uncharacterized antibiotic(s) responsible for antagonism was exported through an out-independent mechanism. Strain Ecb168 and Out(-) derivatives reduced the establishment of large populations of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora in wounds of potato tubers and suppressed tuber soft rot caused by E. carotovora subsp. carofovora. C1 US ARS, HORT CROPS RES LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97330 USA. OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL, CORVALLIS, OR 97330 USA. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 60 IS 7 BP 2278 EP 2285 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA NV572 UT WOS:A1994NV57200011 PM 16349316 ER PT J AU WOLOSHUK, CP FOUTZ, KR BREWER, JF BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE PAYNE, GA AF WOLOSHUK, CP FOUTZ, KR BREWER, JF BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE PAYNE, GA TI MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF AFLR, A REGULATORY LOCUS FOR AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; GENE; PROTEIN; CLONING; SEQUENCE; ACTIVATOR; INDUCTION; CLUSTER; COMPLEX AB Aflatoxins belong to a family of decaketides that are produced as secondary metabolites by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. The aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway involves several enzymatic steps that appear to be regulated by the afl2 gene in A. flavus and the apa2 gene in A. parasiticus. Several lines of evidence indicate that these two genes are homologous. The DNA sequences of the two genes are highly similar, they both are involved in the regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis, and apa2 can complement the afl2 mutation in A. flavus. Because of these similarities, we propose that these two genes are homologs, and because of the ability of these genes to regulate aflatoxin biosynthesis, we suggest that they be designated aflR. We report here the further characterization of aflR fi-om A. flavus and show that aflR codes for a 2,078-bp transcript with an open reading frame of 1,311 nucleotides that codes for 437 amino acids and a putative protein of 46,679 daltons. Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence indicated that the polypeptide contains a zinc cluster motif between amino acid positions 29 and 56. This region contains the consensus sequence Cys-Xaa2-Cys-Xaa6-Cys-Xaa6-Cys-Xaa2-Cys-Xaa6-Cys. This motif has been found in several fungal transcriptional regulatory proteins. DNA hybridization of the aflR gene with genomic digests of seven polyketide-producing fungi revealed similar sequences in three other species related to A. flavus: A. parasiticus, A. oryzae, and A. sojae. Finally, we present evidence for an antisense transcript (aflRas) derived from the opposite strand of aflR, suggesting that the aflR locus involves some form of antisense regulation. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 41 TC 227 Z9 238 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 60 IS 7 BP 2408 EP 2414 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA NV572 UT WOS:A1994NV57200031 PM 8074521 ER PT J AU COOK, GM WELLS, JE RUSSELL, JB AF COOK, GM WELLS, JE RUSSELL, JB TI ABILITY OF ACIDAMINOCOCCUS-FERMENTANS TO OXIDIZE TRANS-ACONITATE AND DECREASE THE ACCUMULATION OF TRICARBALLYLATE, A TOXIC END-PRODUCT OF RUMINAL FERMENTATION SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELENOMONAS-RUMINANTIUM; RUMEN BACTERIA; AMINO-ACIDS; METABOLISM; LACTATE AB Mixed ruminal bacteria convert trans-aconitate to tricarballylate, a tricarboxylic acid which chelates blood divalent cations and decreases their availability (J.B. Russell and P.J. Van Soest, Appl Environ. Microbiol. 47:155-159, 1984). Decreases in blood magnesium in turn cause a potentially fatal disease known as grass tetany. trans-Aconitate was stoichiometrically reduced to tricarballylate by Selenomonas ruminantium, a common ruminal bacterium in grass-fed ruminants (J.B. Russell, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49:120-126, 1985). When mixed ruminal bacteria were enriched with trans-aconitate, a trans-aconitate-oxidizing bacterium was also isolated (G. M. Cook, F.A. Rainey, G. Chen, E. Stackebrandt, and J.B. Russell, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44:576-578, 1994). The trans-aconitate-oxidizing bacterium was identified as Acidaminococcus fermentans, and it converted trans-aconitate to acetate, a nontoxic end product of ruminal fermentation. When S. ruminantium and A. fermentans were cocultured with trans-aconitate and glucose, tricarballylate never accumulated and all the trans-aconitate was converted to acetate. Continuous-culture studies (dilution rate, 0.1 h-l) likewise indicated that A. fermentans could outcompete S. ruminantium for trans-aconitate. When mixed ruminal bacteria were incubated in vitro with 10 mM trans-aconitate for 24 h, 45% of the trans-aconitate was converted to tricarballylate. Tricarballylate production decreased 50% if even small amounts of A. fermentans were added to the incubation mixes (0.01 mg of protein per mg of mixed bacterial protein). When A. fermentans (2 g of bacterial protein) was added directly to the rumen, the subsequent conversion of trans-aconitate to tricarballylate decreased 50%, but this effect did not persist for more than 18 h.A.fermentans eventually washed out of the rumen because the grass hay diet fed to the cow did not contain energy sources which could be utilized by A.fermentans. Because of its rapid rate of trans-aconitate oxidation and ability to compete with other ruminal bacteria for trans-aconitate, A. fermentans may have potential for preventing the sudden increases in tricarballylate levels which are associated with grass tetany. C1 CORNELL UNIV,MICROBIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. RI Cook, Gregory/E-5665-2011 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 60 IS 7 BP 2533 EP 2537 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA NV572 UT WOS:A1994NV57200047 PM 8074529 ER PT J AU COOK, GM RUSSELL, JB AF COOK, GM RUSSELL, JB TI MECHANISMS OF TRICARBOXYLATE TRANSPORT AND CATABOLISM BY ACIDAMINOCOCCUS FERMENTANS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXALOACETATE DECARBOXYLASE; KLEBSIELLA-AEROGENES; RUMINAL FERMENTATION; TRICARBALLYLIC ACID; ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA; SODIUM-PUMP; AMINO-ACIDS; RECONSTITUTION; PURIFICATION; METABOLISM AB Acidaminococcus fermentans utilized citrate or the citrate analog aconitate as an energy source for growth, and these tricarboxylates were used simultaneously. Citrate utilization and uptake showed biphasic kinetics. High-affinity citrate uptake had a K-t of 40 mu M, but the V-max was only 25 nmol/mg of protein per min. Low-affinity citrate utilization had a 10-fold higher V-max, but the K-s was greater than 1.0 mM. Aconitate was a competitive inhibitor (K-i = 34 mu M) of high-affinity citrate uptake, but low-affinity aconitate utilization had a 10-fold-lower requirement for sodium than did low-affinity citrate utilization. On the basis of this large difference in sodium requirements, it appeared that A. fermentans probably has two systems of tricarboxylate uptake: (i) a citrate/aconitate carrier with a low affinity for sodium and (ii) an aconitate carrier with a high affinity for sodium. Citrate was catabolized by a pathway involving a biotin-requiring, avidin-sensitive, sodium-dependent, membrane-bound oxaloacetate decarboxylase. The cells also had aconitase, but this enzyme was unable to convert citrate to isocitrate. Since cell-free extracts converted either aconitate or glutamate to 2-oxoglutarate, it appeared that aconitate was being catabolized by the glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase pathway. Exponentially growing cultures on citrate or citrate plus aconitate were inhibited by the sodium/proton antiporter, monensin. Because monensin had no effect on cultures growing with aconitate alone, it appeared that citrate metabolism was acting as an inducer of monensin sensitivity. A. fermentans cells always had a low proton motive force (<50 mV), and cells treated with the protonophore TCS (3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanide) grew even though the proton motive force was less than 20 mV. On the basis of these results, it appeared that A. fermentans was depending almost exclusively on a sodium motive force for its membrane energetics. C1 CORNELL UNIV,MICROBIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. RI Cook, Gregory/E-5665-2011 NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 60 IS 7 BP 2538 EP 2544 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA NV572 UT WOS:A1994NV57200048 PM 16349331 ER PT J AU ELEGIR, G SZAKACS, G JEFFRIES, TW AF ELEGIR, G SZAKACS, G JEFFRIES, TW TI PURIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITIES OF MULTIPLE XYLANASES FROM STREPTOMYCES SP STRAIN B-12-2 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMOSTABLE XYLANASE; BETA-XYLOSIDASE; ACETYL XYLAN; ROSEISCLEROTICUS; SYSTEMS; ESTERASES; LIVIDANS; ASSAY AB The endoxylanase complex from Streptomyces sp. strain B-12-2 was purified and characterized. The organism forms five distinct xylanases in the absence of significant cellulase activity when grown on oat spelt xylan. This is the largest number of endoxylanases yet reported for a streptomycete. On the basis of their physiochemical characteristics, they can be divided into two groups: the first group (xyl 1a and xyl 1b) consists of low-molecular-mass (26.4 and 23.8 kDa, respectively) neutral- to high-pI (6.5 and 8.3, respectively) endoxylanases. Group 1 endoxylanases are unable to hydrolyze aryl-beta-D-cellobioside, have low levels of activity against xylotetraose (X(4)) and limited activity against xylopentaose, produce little or no xylose, and form products having a higher degree of polymerization with complex substrates. These enzymes apparently carry out transglycosylation. The second group (xyl 2, xyl 3, and xyl 4) consists of high-molecular-mass (36.2, 36.2, and 40.5 kDa, respectively), low-pI (5.4, 5.0, and 4.8, respectively) xylanases. Group 2 endoxylanases are able to hydrolyze aryl-beta-D-cellobioside, show higher levels of activity against X(4), and hydrolyze xylopentaose completely with the formation of xylobiose and xylotriose plus limited amounts of X(4) and xylose. The enzymes display intergroup synergism when acting on kraft pulp. Despite intragroup similarities, each enzyme exhibited a unique action pattern and physiochemical characteristic. xyl 2 was highly glycosylated, and xyl 1b (but no other enzyme) was completely inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. C1 US FOREST SERV, INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL, FOREST PROD LAB, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. UNIV TECH SCI BUDAPEST, BUDAPEST INST AGR CHEM TECHNOL, BUDAPEST, HUNGARY. CARTA & FIBRE TESSILI VEGETALI & ARTIFICIALI, STAZ SPERIMENTALE LA CELLULOSA, I-20133 MILAN, ITALY. RI Szakacs, George/H-7233-2012; Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 38 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 60 IS 7 BP 2609 EP 2615 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA NV572 UT WOS:A1994NV57200058 PM 16349337 ER PT J AU PASSOS, FV FLEMING, HP OLLIS, DF FELDER, RM MCFEETERS, RF AF PASSOS, FV FLEMING, HP OLLIS, DF FELDER, RM MCFEETERS, RF TI KINETICS AND MODELING OF LACTIC-ACID PRODUCTION BY LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GROWTH-RATE; FERMENTATION; MAINTENANCE; PH; CUCUMBERS; CULTURE; EXTRACT; MALATE; YIELD AB An unstructured model was developed to describe bacterial growth, substrate utilization, and lactic acid production by Lactobacillus plantarum in cucumber juice. Significant lactic acid production occurred during growth, as well as stationary phases. The percentage of acid produced after growth ceased was a function of the medium composition. Up to 51% of the tactic acid was produced after growth ceased when NaCI was not present in the medium, whereas not more than 18% of the total lactic acid was produced after the growth ceased in presence of NaCI, probably because of an increase in the cell death rate. An equation relating the specific death rate and NaCI concentration was developed. With the kinetic model proposed by R. Luedeking and E. L. Piret (J. Biochem. Microbiol. Technol. Eng. 1:393-412, 1958) for lactic acid production rate, the growth-associated and non-growth-associated coefficients were determined as 51.9 (+/-4.2) mmol/g of cells and 7.2 (+/-0.9) mmol/g of cells h(-1) respectively. The model was demonstrated for batch growth of L. plantarum in cucumber juice. Mathematical simulations were used to predict the influence of variations in death rate, proton concentration when growth ceased, and buffer capacity of the juice on the overall fermentation process. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,RES SERV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 31 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 60 IS 7 BP 2627 EP 2636 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA NV572 UT WOS:A1994NV57200061 PM 16349339 ER PT J AU DAVIS, RE PRINCE, JP AF DAVIS, RE PRINCE, JP TI MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF MYCOPLASMA-LIKE ORGANISMS (MLOS) IN PLANTS - A REVIEW SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Agriculture and Environmental Congress CY SEP 15-17, 1993 CL TORINO, ITALY DE DETECTION; MOLLICUTES; GRAPEVINE YELLOWS; FLAVESCENCE DOREE; MYCOPLASMAS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ETIOLOGY; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; RFLP ANALYSIS ID FLAVESCENCE-DOREE; GRAPEVINE YELLOWS; ASTER YELLOWS; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; DISEASE; DNA AB Worldwide, yellows diseases impact plants important in human nutrition, the natural environment, and the culture and commerce of humans. Since the presumed pathogens, mycoplasma-like organisms (MLOs), have not been isolated in pure culture in vitro, their study must proceed by other experimental approaches. In a study of disease affecting grapevines in Europe and North America, polymerase chain reactions (PCR) and restriction analyses of PCR-amplified DNA were used to detect and differentiate strains of MLOs associated with grapevine yellows. MLOs were detected both in naturally diseased grapevines and in experimentally inoculated host plants. The data indicated an unexpected genomic diversity among grapevine-infecting MLOs, and supported their classification with MLOs in the aster yellows, X-disease, and elm yellows groups. The presence of diverse MLOs in grapevines provokes consideration that these MLOs may be present in overlapping geographic ranges and that multiple MLO infections may occur in individual plants, increasing the complexity of grapevine yellows epidemiology and control and the significance of sensitive MLO detection in planting stock and phytosanitary-regulated germplasm. RP DAVIS, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 48 IS 1 BP 23 EP 26 DI 10.1007/BF02825355 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA PE225 UT WOS:A1994PE22500006 ER PT J AU URI, ND HYBERG, B MERCIER, S LYFORD, C AF URI, ND HYBERG, B MERCIER, S LYFORD, C TI THE MARKET VALUATION OF THE FGIS GRAIN QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID HEDONIC PRICE FUNCTIONS; WHEAT; COMPETITION; PRODUCT; MODEL AB The issue addressed in this paper is whether the grain quality factors used by the Federal Grain Inspection Service in determining the quality grades of wheat exported by the United States including test weight, dockage, moisture content, percentage of foreign material, percentage of shrunken and broken kernels, and protein content are characteristics that influence the price of wheat for export. Using shiplot data on the transactions price for hard red winter wheat, hard red spring wheat, and soft white wheat and the associated quality characteristics covering the period January 1990 to October 1991 and exported to 63 countries, the results suggest that only the test weight and the protein content are characteristics consistently valued by the market. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP URI, ND (reprint author), USDA,SYNTHESE ORGAN SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4P 4EE SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 26 IS 7 BP 701 EP 712 DI 10.1080/00036849400000041 PG 12 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA PB724 UT WOS:A1994PB72400005 ER PT J AU WILLIS, GH MCDOWELL, LL SOUTHWICK, LM SMITH, S AF WILLIS, GH MCDOWELL, LL SOUTHWICK, LM SMITH, S TI AZINPHOSMETHYL AND FENVALERATE WASHOFF FROM COTTON PLANTS AS A FUNCTION OF TIME BETWEEN APPLICATION AND INITIAL RAINFALL SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED RAINFALL; METHYL PARATHION; PERMETHRIN; PERSISTENCE; FOLIAGE; DEPOSITS AB Understanding pesticide foliar washoff is important in pest management, in development of integrated management systems, and in environmental modeling, This study was conducted to determine the effect of elapsed time between spray application and initial rainfall on insecticide washoff from foliage. Azinphosmethyl and fenvalerate were applied to mature cotton plants as tank-mixed emulsifiable concentrates with a water carrier. DT(50)s (50% disappearance time) for azinphosmethyl and fenvalerate were 3.9 and 237 h, respectively. Simulated rain (51 mm in 1 h) was applied to the cotton plants at times ranging from 2 to 146 h after insecticide application to determine washoff characteristics for both compounds. Residues of both insecticides became increasingly resistant to washoff with increasing time interval between insecticide application and initial rainfall, e.g., about 95% of the plant Xload washed off 2 h after application, whereas at 146 h <50% washed off. The mean amounts of both insecticides washed from the plants decreased with time and were related to the mean plant loads. The results of this study show that foliar pesticide application should be delayed when rain is imminent. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. RP WILLIS, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER RES UNIT,4115 GOURRIER AVE,BATON ROUGE,LA 70808, USA. NR 22 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 27 IS 1 BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA NK798 UT WOS:A1994NK79800019 ER PT J AU JONES, TA NIELSON, DC AF JONES, TA NIELSON, DC TI INDIAN RICEGRASS (ORYZOPSIS-HYMENOIDES) GERMINATION AFFECTED BY IRRIGATION AND BAGGING DURING SEED PRODUCTION SO ARID SOIL RESEARCH AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE ORYZOPSIS-HYMENOIDES; SEED PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT AB Seed dormancy is the primary factor limiting stand establishment of Indian ricegrass [Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) Ricker] in rangeland reseedings in western North America. Our objective was to determine if irrigation or bagging of plants during seed production affected dormancy of two Indian ricegrass accessions, the cultivar Paloma and the experimental population PI 478833. Bagging of inflorescences for research purposes is practiced because of susceptibility to shattering. In 1989, irrigated and nonirrigated treatments were applied, and seed was harvested on 28 July. In 1990, irrigation was applied as in 1989, but approximately half of each plant's panicles were enclosed in a brown paper bag. Seed was harvested 5 July from spring growth [seed production interval (SPI) 1], 10 August from regrowth since 7 June (SPI 2), and for Paloma unbagged only, on 10 August from regrowth since 5 July (SPI 3). In 1989, germination of Paloma relative to PI 478833 was greater (P < 0.01) with irrigation (76% versus 39%) than without (63% versus 51%). In 1990, SPI 1 irrigation and accession did not interact, but at SPI 2, germination of Paloma relative to PI 478833 was again greater (P < 0.05) with irrigation (74 versus 50%) than without (60 versus 46%). Irrigation did not affect germination of Paloma at SPI 3. In 1990, SPI 1 germination of PI 478833 relative to Paloma was greater (P < 0.01) with bagging (61% versus 40%) than without (41% versus 39%). The same trend was evident at SPI 2, where germination of PI 478833 relative to Paloma was greater (P < 0.01) with bagging (52% versus 62%) than without (44% versus 72%). Germination of Paloma was enhanced by irrigation, while germination of PI 478833 was favored by bagging. Researchers should be aware that these environmental factors may interact with accession to affect seed dormancy in Indian ricegrass. RP JONES, TA (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0890-3069 J9 ARID SOIL RES REHAB JI Arid Soil Res. Rehabil. PD JUL-SEP PY 1994 VL 8 IS 3 BP 269 EP 275 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA PG477 UT WOS:A1994PG47700007 ER PT J AU SCHAEFER, EJ LAMONFAVA, S JOHNSON, S ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, MM CASTELLI, WP WILSON, PWF AF SCHAEFER, EJ LAMONFAVA, S JOHNSON, S ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, MM CASTELLI, WP WILSON, PWF TI EFFECTS OF GENDER AND MENOPAUSAL STATUS ON THE ASSOCIATION OF APOLIPOPROTEIN-E PHENOTYPE WITH PLASMA-LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS - RESULTS FROM THE FRAMINGHAM OFFSPRING STUDY SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS LA English DT Article DE APOLIPOPROTEIN E; LDL; LIPOPROTEIN(A); MENOPAUSE ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; E POLYMORPHISM; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; III HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; TOTAL CHOLESTEROL; E DEFICIENCY; METABOLISM; RECEPTOR AB Apolipoprotein (ape)E phenotype is an important genetic determinant of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and apo B levels. We have determined apo E phenotype by isoelectric focusing and plasma lipid, lipoprotein cholesterol, apo A-I, apo B, and lipoprotein(a) levels, as well as LDL particle size, in 2258 men and women participating in the Framingham Offspring Study. Apo E phenotype (E2/2, E2/4, E3/2, E3/3, E3/4, and E4/4) was not associated with plasma lipoprotein(a) levels but was associated with plasma LDL cholesterol levels, apo B levels, and LDL size in men and with plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apo B levels in women. The average effect of the epsilon 2 allele was to lower plasma LDL cholesterol levels by 9.2 mg/dL in men and by 13.7 mg/dL in women, while the average effect of the epsilon 4 allele was to increase LDL cholesterol levels by 2.6 mg/dL in men and by 5.4 mg/dL in women. When men were divided into two groups according to their age (<50 and greater than or equal to 50 years old), the average effect of the epsilon 2 allele was to lower plasma levels of LDL cholesterol by 10.2 mg/dL in younger men and by 7.5 mg/dL in older men. In premenopausal women, the average effect of the epsilon 2 allele was to lower LDL cholesterol by 8.2 mg/dL and, in postmenopausal women, by 20.4 mg/dL. An opposite effect of the epsilon 4 allele was observed: the epsilon 4 allele was associated with increases in plasma LDL cholesterol levels of 4.0 mg/dL in younger men and of 1.0 mg/dL in older men. The epsilon 4 allele was associated with increases in plasma LDL cholesterol levels of 1.6 mg/dL in premenopausal women and of 7.1 mg/dL in postmenopausal women. The apo epsilon locus explained 1.0% of the variance in LDL cholesterol levels in men and 2.1% in women. However, only 0.5% of the LDL cholesterol level variance was due to variation at the epsilon locus in premenopausal women, whereas 5.0% of the LDL cholesterol level variance was explained by apo E polymorphism in postmenopausal women. Our data indicate that the association of apo E phenotype with LDL cholesterol levels is significantly greater in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women or in men. C1 EPIDEMIOL & BIOMETRY PROGRAM,FRAMINGHAM,MA. RP SCHAEFER, EJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HV-83-03] NR 58 TC 159 Z9 164 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 1049-8834 J9 ARTERIOSCLER THROMB JI Arterioscler. Thromb. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1105 EP 1113 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA NW013 UT WOS:A1994NW01300012 PM 8018666 ER PT J AU OSADA, J FERNANDEZSANCHEZ, A DIAZMORILLO, JL MIROOBRADORS, MJ CEBRIAN, JA CARRIZOSA, C ORDOVAS, JM PALACIOSALAIZ, E AF OSADA, J FERNANDEZSANCHEZ, A DIAZMORILLO, JL MIROOBRADORS, MJ CEBRIAN, JA CARRIZOSA, C ORDOVAS, JM PALACIOSALAIZ, E TI DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT OF DIETARY-FAT SATURATION AND CHOLESTEROL ON HEPATIC APOLIPOPROTEIN GENE-EXPRESSION IN RATS SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; DIETARY FAT SATURATION; HEPATIC APOLIPOPROTEINS MESSENGER-RNA; RAT ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; FULL-LENGTH CDNA; A-I GENE; PLASMA-LIPIDS; LDL RECEPTOR; TRANSGENIC MICE; CEBUS MONKEYS; DNA-SEQUENCE AB The effects of dietary cholesterol and fat saturation on hepatic apolipoprotein A-I, A-II, A-IV, B, C-I, C-III, E and LDL receptor mRNA levels were studied in male rats. Animals were maintained for 2 months on a high fat diet (40%, w/w) containing 0.1% cholesterol. Two groups of control animals received either chow diet or chow plus 0.1%, cholesterol, while experimental groups received as their fat supplement coconut, corn or olive oil. Olive oil fed animals had higher levels of hepatic apo A-I than the control cholesterol group (1.6 +/- 0.3 vs. 0.8 +/- 0.2). Apo E mRNA levels were 50% and 72% higher in animals consuming the saturated (coconut) and unsaturated (corn and olive) fat diet than the control cholesterol group. Apo B and apo C-I mRNA levels were not affected by the experimental conditions. Apo A-IV mRNA increased between 66% and 127% in groups in which cholesterol was present. LDL receptor mRNA increased 2 times in the corn fed group compared with the control groups. These results indicate that the expression of genes coding for products involved in lipoprotein metabolism have a differential susceptibility to dietary fat saturation and cholesterol. C1 UNIV COMPLUTENSE MADRID,FAC FARM,CSIC,CTR MIXTO,INST BIOQUIM,E-28040 MADRID,SPAIN. UNIV ZARAGOZA,FAC VET,DEPT BIOQUIM & BIOL MOLEC & CELULAR,E-50013 ZARAGOZA,SPAIN. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; /0000-0001-9842-6197 NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUL PY 1994 VL 108 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1016/0021-9150(94)90039-6 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA PA483 UT WOS:A1994PA48300008 PM 7980709 ER PT J AU CRAVEN, SE AF CRAVEN, SE TI ALTERED COLONIZING ABILITY FOR THE CECA OF BROILER CHICKS BY LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-DEFICIENT MUTANTS OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INTESTINAL MUCUS; STRAIN; COLONIZATION; SERUM; PENETRATION; COMPLEMENT AB Salmonella typhimurium strain 3333/O was used to assess the role of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in intestinal colonization of broiler chicks by salmonellae. LPS-defective TnPhoA mutants of this strain were isolated. The sensitivities of the mutants to smooth and rough phages and LPS banding patterns in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated a defect in the polysaccharide side chain of the LPS molecule. Colonization was determined by orally administering 10(8) cells each of the wild-type and/or the mutant strains per chick and counting the colony-forming units (CFU) from the ceca 1 to 3 weeks after gavage. CFU of chicks given the LPS-deficient strains either were not detected or significantly lower than the CFU from chicks given the wild-type strain. The incidence of the wild-type strain in spleens was higher than incidence of the mutant strains. In vitro binding studies with LPS-deficient mutants derived in this study and from S. typhimurium LT2 suggest that LPS side-chain components may shield the bacterial cell from entrapment in the chicken mucus. The LPS layer appears to enhance persistence of Salmonella in the avian intestinal tract. RP CRAVEN, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY MICROBIOL SAFETY RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 25 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1994 VL 38 IS 3 BP 401 EP 408 DI 10.2307/1592059 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PF848 UT WOS:A1994PF84800001 PM 7832691 ER PT J AU HOLLAND, MS SILVA, RF MACKENZIE, CD BULL, RW WITTER, RL AF HOLLAND, MS SILVA, RF MACKENZIE, CD BULL, RW WITTER, RL TI IDENTIFICATION AND LOCALIZATION OF GLYCOPROTEIN B EXPRESSION IN LYMPHOID-TISSUES OF CHICKENS INFECTED WITH TURKEY HERPESVIRUS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES; PROTECTION; GB; PATHOGENESIS; POLYPEPTIDES AB One-day-old chickens were inoculated with turkey herpesvirus (HVT). Using an indirect immunofluorescence assay with a monoclonal antibody against HVT glycoprotein B (gB), we determined the course of productive HVT infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), spleen, thymus, and bursa. PBMCs were examined from days 4 through 35 postinfection (PI). The spleen, thymus, and bursa were examined from 21 through 70 days PI. Although productive infection in PBMCs was detected at 4 to 12 days PI, it ended by 14 days PI. Splenic cells expressed gB at 21, 28, 35, and 70 days PI, whereas the thymus was positive for gB expression at 21 and 35 days PI. The bursa was never positive for gB expression. At 21, 28, 35, and 70 days PI, plaque formation after co-cultivation of PBMCs with chicken embryo fibroblasts indicated the presence of HVT in infected chickens by co-cultivation assays. On the basis of indirect immunofluorescence assay, gB expression in the spleen and thymus indicates a productive HVT infection in chickens. C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. RP HOLLAND, MS (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOL,E FREE HALL,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1994 VL 38 IS 3 BP 446 EP 453 DI 10.2307/1592064 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PF848 UT WOS:A1994PF84800006 PM 7832696 ER PT J AU CALDWELL, DJ HARGIS, BM CORRIER, DE WILLIAMS, JD VIDAL, L DELOACH, JR AF CALDWELL, DJ HARGIS, BM CORRIER, DE WILLIAMS, JD VIDAL, L DELOACH, JR TI PREDICTIVE VALUE OF MULTIPLE DRAG-SWAB SAMPLING FOR THE DETECTION OF SALMONELLA FROM OCCUPIED OR VACANT POULTRY HOUSES SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE DRAG-SWAB SAMPLING; SALMONELLA; POULTRY FARMS; ENVIRONMENT ID BROILER FLOCKS; UNITED-STATES; CONTAMINATION; FARMS AB The results of four independent complete drag-swab samplings of a 31-farm broiler-production complex are described. Samplings of vacant poultry farms (i.e., between flocks) and occupied farms (i.e., containing chickens) were completed in four 3-day intervals beginning in July 1992 and ending in May 1993. During the first two sampling periods, two drag-swab assemblies were dragged through each individual house and pooled into one sample to evaluate overall incidence of Salmonella detection among vacant and occupied houses. During the second two sampling periods, four drag-swab assemblies were dragged through houses to evaluate frequency of Samonella detection on individual assemblies within each house. Over the four sampling periods, mean isolation frequencies were 42.2% for vacant poultry farms and 76.2% for occupied poultry farms. When four assemblies were dragged in vacant houses and cultured separately, the probability of detecting salmonellae contamination increased with increasing numbers of assemblies, indicating that multiple drag-swab assemblies should be used for sampling either vacant or occupied broiler houses for the presence of Salmonella. On vacant farms, 89.5% of the total isolations occurred in only one house of two-house farms; the remaining 10.5% of farms were positive in both houses. Salmonella isolation from occupied farms occurred in 54.2% of the samplings in only one house, whereas 45.8% of occupied farms were positive in both houses. These data show a higher frequency of Salmonella isolation on multiple swabs in occupied poultry houses, possibly indicating a quantitatively greater presence of Salmonella in these houses. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. RP CALDWELL, DJ (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. RI Tast Lahti, Elina/R-8664-2016 NR 13 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1994 VL 38 IS 3 BP 461 EP 466 DI 10.2307/1592066 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PF848 UT WOS:A1994PF84800008 PM 7832698 ER PT J AU PUETTE, M CROWELL, WA HAFNER, WS AF PUETTE, M CROWELL, WA HAFNER, WS TI ULTRASTUCTURAL EXAMINATION AND CELL COUNT DETERMINATIONS OF AVIAN GLOMERULI FROM GROSSLY NORMAL AND GROSSLY SWOLLEN KIDNEYS OF BROILERS AT SLAUGHTER SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS; CHICKENS AB Kidneys from broiler chickens at slaughter (6 to 7 weeks of age and mixed sex) were collected by U.S. Department of Agriculture personnel. Forty kidneys were collected from grossly normal birds with grossly normal kidneys (Group D). Grossly swollen kidneys were collected from birds that were otherwise grossly normal (Group A), that had gross lesions of Marek's disease (Group B), or that had gross lesions of squamous cell carcinoma sectioned at 2 mum, and then stained with periodic acid-Schiff-hematoxylin for glomerular cell counting. Tissue was also processed for electron microscopy from six Group D birds and from six birds total from Groups A, B, and C that had the most severe histologic glomerular lesions. Glomerular tuft cell counts and visceral epithelial cell counts were performed by light microscopy at a magnification of 100x (oil immersion). Total tuft cell counts of all abnormal groups (A, B, and C) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of Group D. Reptilian glomerular tuft cell counts for all abnormal groups were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the repitilian glomerular tuft counts for Group D. Mammalian glomerular tuft cell counts for Groups A and B were significantly higher than those of the control group (Group D). Electron microscopic examination of the glomeruli from selected birds revealed no dense deposits in the basement membrane and no effacement of epithelial podocyte foot processes. No essential ultrastructural differences were noted between the control group and the abnormal groups. C1 USDA,FSIS,RUSSELL RES CTR,DIV SCI,EASTERN LAB,DIV PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30605. RP PUETTE, M (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1994 VL 38 IS 3 BP 515 EP 522 DI 10.2307/1592073 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PF848 UT WOS:A1994PF84800015 PM 7832704 ER PT J AU AUGUSTINE, PC AF AUGUSTINE, PC TI RESPONSE OF UNIMMUNIZED AND SPOROZOITE-IMMUNIZED CHICKENS TO CHALLENGE WITH AVIAN EIMERIA SPECIES - EFFECTS OF INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION OF SEPHADEX SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TENELLA; INTERLEUKIN-1; COCCIDIOSIS; ACERVULINA; INVASION; OOCYSTS AB Unimmunized chickens, given intraperitoneal injections of Sephadex at the same time that they were inoculated with oocysts of either Eimeria tenella or E. acervulina, had significantly lower lesion scores at 6 days postinoculation (PI) than unimmunized chickens that were injected with saline instead of Sephadex. Despite the difference in lesion scores, there was little effect on weight gain, except in one experiment, in which Sephadex-injected chickens gained significantly more weight than saline-injected chickens. In contrast, in chickens that were immunized by prolonged exposure to sporozoites of E. adenoeides, injection of Sephadex at the time of challenge with E. tenella did not reduce lesion scores or parasite development as compared with the uninjected chickens, and the weight gain of the Sephadex-injected challenged chickens fell to a level significantly lower than that of their saline-injected challenged counterparts. The data indicate that Sephadex injected at the time of oocyst inoculation 1) produces markedly different effects on lesion scores and weight gain in unimmunized and immunized chickens and 2) abrogates sporozoite-elicited immunity against E. tenella challenge. RP AUGUSTINE, PC (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1994 VL 38 IS 3 BP 538 EP 541 DI 10.2307/1592076 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PF848 UT WOS:A1994PF84800018 PM 7530443 ER PT J AU MAY, JD BRANTON, SL PRUETT, SB AINSWORTH, AJ AF MAY, JD BRANTON, SL PRUETT, SB AINSWORTH, AJ TI DIFFERENTIATION OF 2 STRAINS OF MYCOPLASMA-GALLISEPTICUM WITH MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AND FLOW-CYTOMETRY SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE MYCOPLASMA-GALLISEPTICUM F-STRAIN; MYCOPLASMA-GALLISEPTICUM S6; FLOW CYTOMETRY; STRAIN; IDENTIFICATION ID IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; IDENTIFICATION; MEMBRANE AB Identification of infecting Mycoplasma spp. is difficult and not routine for strain. This paper describes a procedure for the rapid identification of the strain of M. gallisepticum. Monoclonal antibodies were prepared against M. gallisepticum F and M. gallisepticum S6. Aliquots of 24-hour broth cultures of these organisms were incubated briefly with either of the monoclonal antibodies. A second incubation was made with anti-mouse immunoglobulin conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate. Fluorescent intensity associated with the organisms was measured with a flow cytometer. The criterion for identification was a comparative increase in fluorescent intensity when the strain and monoclonal antibody were homologous. The procedure correctly differentiated the F and S6 strains of M. gallisepticum in a blind study. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP MAY, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT POULTRY RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1994 VL 38 IS 3 BP 542 EP 547 DI 10.2307/1592077 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PF848 UT WOS:A1994PF84800019 PM 7832707 ER PT J AU CASON, JA COX, NA BAILEY, JS AF CASON, JA COX, NA BAILEY, JS TI TRANSMISSION OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM DURING HATCHING OF BROILER CHICKS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; CONTAMINATION; HATCHING; INTESTINE; BROILER ID CONTAMINATION; HATCHERIES; INFECTION; EGGS AB Horizontal spread of Saimonella during hatching of broiler chicks was studied in three experiments. In each experiment, 120 unincubated, fertile hatching eggs were inoculated by immersion for 15 min in a 16 C physiological saline solution containing 1 x 10(8) colony-forming units per ml of a nalidixic-acid-resistant strain of S. typhimurium. When inoculated eggs were transferred to hatchers after 17 to 18 days of incubation, control eggs at the same stage of incubation were added to the same tray and to trays above and below the tray containing inoculated eggs. Fertile inoculated eggs hatched at a rate of 86%, despite the high level of Salmonella contamination, indicating that chicks in eggs contaminated with salmonellae are likely to hatch and may contaminate other chicks in the same hatcher cabinet. Air samples showed a sharp increase in contamination in the hatcher at 20 days of incubation. Approximately 58% of mouth swabs and 90% of chick rinses were Salmonella-positive, in both inoculated and control eggs. In samples from inoculated eggs, Salmonella was detected in the digestive tract of 8% of embryos at transfer from incubator to hatcher and in 55% of chicks at hatch. From control eggs, 44% of digestive tracts of hatched chicks were positive, indicating that Salmonella in a contaminated hatcher can reach the gut of chicks hatching from Salmonella-free eggs before they are removed from the hatcher. RP CASON, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 31 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1994 VL 38 IS 3 BP 583 EP 588 DI 10.2307/1592082 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PF848 UT WOS:A1994PF84800024 PM 7832712 ER PT J AU PILLAI, SD RICKE, SC NISBET, DJ CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR AF PILLAI, SD RICKE, SC NISBET, DJ CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR TI A RAPID METHOD FOR SCREENING FOR SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM IN A CHICKEN CECAL MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM USING GENE AMPLIFICATION SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; CHICKEN CECA; DOUBLE PCR; PHOP PRIMERS ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BACTERIA; WATER AB A rapid sample processing method has been developed to detect low numbers of Salmonella typhimurium in a chicken cecal microbial consortium. Using phoP-specific primers under stringent amplification conditions and gene probe analysis, fewer than 100 colony-forming units (CFUs) were detectable when pure cultures were employed. When the polymerase chain reaction assay was run on cecal contents from birds infected with S. typhimurium, only positive cecal samples containing as few as 700 CFUs reacted to the assay, and the negative bird samples reacted only when the samples were spiked with S. typhimurium cells. The method employed for sample processing is simple and provides a sensitive means of detecting S. typhimurium-specific sequences in trace amounts in the presence of mixed chicken cecal microbial populations. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,GRAD FAC NUTR,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. RP PILLAI, SD (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,RES CTR,ENVIRONM SCI PROGRAM,EL PASO,TX 79927, USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1994 VL 38 IS 3 BP 598 EP 604 DI 10.2307/1592084 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PF848 UT WOS:A1994PF84800026 PM 7832714 ER PT J AU HAFNER, S HARMON, BG THAYER, SG HALL, SM AF HAFNER, S HARMON, BG THAYER, SG HALL, SM TI SPLENIC GRANULOMAS IN BROILER-CHICKENS PRODUCED EXPERIMENTALLY BY INOCULATION WITH EUBACTERIUM-TORTUOSUM SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Eubacterium tortuosum, a gram-positive anaerobic filamentous bacillus, was isolated from splenic and hepatic granulomas of a 56-day-old slaughtered chicken. This isolate was injected intravenously into two groups of 2-week-old broiler chickens, which were necropsied 19 days later. Five of 15 chickens injected with 5 x 10(6) colony-forming units of a 48-hour culture of E. tortuosum developed splenic granulomas typical of those seen in chickens at slaughter. No lesions were observed in chickens given 5 x 10(5) colony-forming units of E. tortuosum or in control chickens receiving phosphate-buffered saline solution. Attempts to reisolate E. tortuosum from experimentally infected chickens were unsuccessful; however, typical filamentous organisms were observed in splenic granulomas of all five affected chickens. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,POULTRY DIS RES CTR,DEPT AVIAN MED,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSEPCT SERV,WESTERN LAB,ALAMEDA,CA 94501. UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,POULTRY DIS RES CTR,DEPT VET PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP HAFNER, S (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,RUSSELL RES CTR,COLL STN RD,POB 6085,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1994 VL 38 IS 3 BP 605 EP 609 DI 10.2307/1592085 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA PF848 UT WOS:A1994PF84800027 PM 7832715 ER PT J AU YOUNG, AL AF YOUNG, AL TI ABRAC BRICKBATS SO BIO-TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP YOUNG, AL (reprint author), USDA,OFF AGR BIOTECHNOL,ROOM 1001,ROSSLYN PLAZA E,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 0733-222X J9 BIO-TECHNOL JI Bio-Technology PD JUL PY 1994 VL 12 IS 7 BP 648 EP 648 DI 10.1038/nbt0794-648 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA NU370 UT WOS:A1994NU37000002 ER PT J AU HOWARD, HJ FORD, JJ AF HOWARD, HJ FORD, JJ TI DIFFERENTIAL STEROIDOGENIC RESPONSE OF SUBPOPULATIONS OF PORCINE GRANULOSA-CELLS TO INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR-I (IGF-1) OR IGF-1 ANALOGS SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-BINDING-PROTEINS; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; HUMAN SOMATOMEDIN-C; FACTOR-I; FACILITATIVE ROLES; OVARIAN FOLLICLES; RAT OVARY; EXPRESSION; FLUID AB Two experiments were conducted to examine responses of porcine granulosa cells to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) or IGF-1 analogs (des [1-3] and Long R3) that have reduced affinity for IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP). Both experiments evaluated estradiol and IGFBP production by granulosa cells after separation of cells into subpopulations that maintain long-term estradiol production in vitro (tightly bound) and those that do not (weakly associated). Granulosa cells were obtained from medium-sized follicles (4-6 mm) at random stages of the estrous cycle in experiment 1 and from the 10 largest follicles per ovary at 0 or 48 h after weaning in experiment 2. Follicle diameter and follicular fluid estradiol concentrations increased with time after weaning (p < 0.05). Tightly bound cells produced more estradiol than weakly associated cells at 24-120 h of culture in experiment 1 and from 0 to 48 h in experiment 2 (p < 0.05). In tightly bound but not weakly associated cells, IGF-I stimulated estradiol production. The IGF analogs were more potent stimulators than IGF-1 in experiment 1 (P < 0.05); and in experiment 2, this response was restricted to cells collected at 48 h after weaning. Conversely, tightly bound cells obtained at 0 h after weaning responded similarly to IGF-1 and des (1-3). During the final 48 h of culture, weakly associated cells produced greater quantities of 28-30-kDa IGFBP than did tightly bound cells in response to IGF-1 or analogs (both experiments; P < 0.05). Concentration of 40-44-kDa IGFBP was influenced minimally by IGF-1 or its analogs. We conclude that I) tightly bound granulosa cells produce greater amounts of estradiol in vitro than weakly associated cells when sampled from medium-sized follicles; 2) tightly bound cells from follicles of sows at random stages of the cycle or at 48 h after weaning produce more estradiol in response to IGF analogs than to IGF-1; and 3) tightly bound cells secrete less 20-30-kDa IGFBP in long-term culture than weakly associated cells. These results indicate that IGFBP modulate secretion of estradiol in porcine granulosa cells in vitro and implicate their potential for in vivo regulation. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 51 IS 1 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.1095/biolreprod51.1.108 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA NQ950 UT WOS:A1994NQ95000012 PM 7522591 ER PT J AU KIRKBRIDE, JH AF KIRKBRIDE, JH TI REVISION OF CUCUMELLA (CUCURBITACEAE, CUCURBITOIDEAE, MELOTHRIEAE, CUCUMERINAE) SO BRITTONIA LA English DT Article DE CUCUMELLA; CUCUMIS; CUCUMERINAE; CUCURBITACEAE AB The genus Cucumella is closely related to Cucumis. It consists of 11 taxa found in southern and eastern Africa and India. Cucumella jeffreyana and C. clayipetiolata are described as new species, and subgenus Leptopericarpia, section Aculeatae, and series Eporcatae are also described as new. Cucumella (Kedrostis) engleri is lectotypified. A description of the genus, a key to its species, and a description, the distribution, and a discussion of each species are presented. RP KIRKBRIDE, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,ROOM 304,BLDG 011A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0007-196X J9 BRITTONIA JI Brittonia PD JUL-SEP PY 1994 VL 46 IS 3 BP 161 EP 186 DI 10.2307/2807230 PG 26 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PF121 UT WOS:A1994PF12100001 ER PT J AU KEMP, WP CIGLIANO, MM AF KEMP, WP CIGLIANO, MM TI DROUGHT AND RANGELAND GRASSHOPPER SPECIES-DIVERSITY SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SOUTHERN IDAHO; STEPPE REGION; ORTHOPTERA; ACRIDIDAE; VEGETATION; MONTANA; GRASSLAND; ABUNDANCE AB Rangeland grasshopper species richness was monitored at 10 sites in Montana, U.S.A., during 1986 through 1992, which included an extreme drought year (1988). We observed significant post- 1988 drought reductions in rangeland grasshopper species richness in the eastern and south-central region of Montana where drought intensity has been increasing during the past 20 years. In the north-central region, which also experienced the 1988 drought but showed no long-term drought trend, we did not observe a post-drought reduction in overall rangeland grasshopper species richness. Thus, in terms of rangeland grasshopper species richness, the potential impact of a severe drought in a given year may depend on the timing of such an event within longer-term climatic cycles. Our findings suggest that as regional drought intensity increases temporally, there may be an increased likelihood that a single extreme drought year will not only have a profound impact on abundance but may also result in significant long-term reduction of grasshopper species richness. Our results support the hypothesis that resource limitation is a very important factor in structuring rangeland grasshopper communities in space and time. RP KEMP, WP (reprint author), USDA,ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 70 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 126 IS 4 BP 1075 EP 1092 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PJ980 UT WOS:A1994PJ98000011 ER PT J AU GILLESPIE, AR ALLEN, HL VOSE, JM AF GILLESPIE, AR ALLEN, HL VOSE, JM TI AMOUNT AND VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION OF FOLIAGE OF YOUNG LOBLOLLY-PINE TREES AS AFFECTED BY CANOPY POSITION AND SILVICULTURAL TREATMENT SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LEAF-AREA; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; SAPWOOD AREA; DOUGLAS-FIR; BASAL AREA; GROWTH; MODEL AB Silvicultural practices such as thinning and fertilization can affect both canopy foliage quantity and distribution, altering stand growth. The objectives of this research were to quantify the effects of the tree size and silvicultural treatment on the vertical distribution of foliage of individual trees of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and to estimate foliage quantity and distribution using easily measured tree data. In three stands sampled in North and South Carolina, fertilization and (or) thinning treatments had been applied 2 years prior to sampling. A fourth stand was untreated. Nonlinear and linear regression models were developed to test the effects of silvicultural treatment on individual branch foliage biomass and whole tree foliage biomass. Vertical distributions of foliage and branches were modelled using a Weibull probability density function. Analyses indicated that individual branch foliage biomass was positively related to branch size but negatively related to distance from the top of the tree. Fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus, or thinning, increased the foliage biomass carried by a given sized branch. Silvicultural treatment effects on individual branches translated into whole-tree foliage biomass with thinning and fertilization increasing the crown size of individual trees. Though treatment affected crown size, the distribution of foliage (and branches) remained unaffected. Because silvicultural treatments change the size of crowns for trees of given dimensions, any estimation of loblolly pine crown biomass must be site and treatment specific. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,RALEIGH,NC 27695. US FOREST SERV,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,OTTO,NC 28763. RP GILLESPIE, AR (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY & NAT RESOURCES,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 22 TC 66 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1337 EP 1344 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PH368 UT WOS:A1994PH36800006 ER PT J AU LUNDQUIST, JE WALLA, JA TUSKAN, GA AF LUNDQUIST, JE WALLA, JA TUSKAN, GA TI CHARACTERISTICS OF PERIDERMIUM-HARKNESSII IN AXENIC CULTURE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Axenic cultures of Peridermium harknessii J.P. Moore developed white aerial hyphae, orange callus-like growth, and white mycelium colonies as successive vegetative forms when isolated from explants from infected mature field-grown Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. P. Laws & C. Laws. Explants (small cubes of gall phloem tissue) were collected from March through August 1988 and 1989 in eastern Nebraska and northern and western North Dakota. By 20 days after plating, white hyphae appeared to originate from immature aeciospores. By 45 days, friable orange callus-like growth appeared on many explants from beneath the white hyphae and eventually overgrew the latter. Orange callus colonies consisted mostly of single-celled vesicular cells, which seemed to originate from aeciospore initials. The larger vesicular cells were similar in size to aeciospores, contained orange subcellular globules, and occasionally had surface ornamentation similar to that of aeciospores. After 60 days, white mycelium colonies grew as sectors within and at the edges of many orange callus cultures. The colonies appeared to originate as appendages of thick-walled hyphal strands of orange callus and macroscopically consisted of compact masses of thin-walled hyaline hyphae arising from a stroma. If not transferred to fresh medium, orange callus would frequently convert to white mycelium colonies. No change in the morphology of white mycelium colonies was observed. Only mineral salt media supplemented with peptone, soytone, or a mixture of yeast extract, sucrose, and glucose sustained fungal growth apart from the host tissue. Both orange callus and white mycelium colonies grew over a temperature range of 5-35-degrees-C, and revealed similar staining patterns in 12 of 14 isozymes to those of Peridermium harknessii aeciospores when analyzed with starch gel electrophoresis. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FARGO,ND 58105. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP LUNDQUIST, JE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1345 EP 1353 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PH368 UT WOS:A1994PH36800007 ER PT J AU WATERS, JR MCKELVEY, KS ZABEL, CJ OLIVER, WW AF WATERS, JR MCKELVEY, KS ZABEL, CJ OLIVER, WW TI THE EFFECTS OF THINNING AND BROADCAST BURNING ON SPOROCARP PRODUCTION OF HYPOGEOUS FUNGI SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note ID DOUGLAS-FIR STAND; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; OREGON; MYCORRHIZAL AB The objectives of our study were to determine the effects of commercial thinning and broadcast burning on sporocarp production of hypogeous ectomycorrhizal (HEM) fungi. At two sites in northeastern California, Jennie Springs (JS) and Swain Mountain (SM), we compared HEM sporocarp production among units that had been heavily thinned, moderately thinned, and unthinned. At one of those sites, JS, we also compared sporocarp production between units that had been broadcast burned and units left unburned. Sporocarps were sampled in 1992, 10 years after thinning and 9 years after burning occurred at JS, and 17 years after thinning occurred at SM. Total relative frequency and biomass of sporocarps did not differ significantly among thin levels at either site, or between burn levels at JS. There was, however, significant association between thin level and frequencies of the most common genera at JS, suggesting that thinning significantly affected the composition of HEM fungi. The association between burn level and frequencies of the most common genera was also significant, but less pronounced than the association between thin level and the frequencies of common genera. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,REDDING,CA 96001. RP WATERS, JR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 23 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1516 EP 1522 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PH368 UT WOS:A1994PH36800028 ER PT J AU SHI, YC SEIB, PA BERNARDIN, JE AF SHI, YC SEIB, PA BERNARDIN, JE TI EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE DURING GRAIN-FILLING ON STARCHES FROM 6 WHEAT CULTIVARS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID JAPANESE NOODLE QUALITIES; GRANULE SIZE DISTRIBUTION; AMYLOSE CONTENT; DEVELOPING ENDOSPERM; ENVIRONMENTAL-TEMPERATURE; CEREAL STARCHES; FINE-STRUCTURE; LIPID CONTENTS; RICE STARCHES; GELATINIZATION AB Six wheat cultivars were placed in growth chambers during the grain-filling period and were subjected to maximum daylight temperatures of 15, 25. or 40-degrees-C daily for 5 hr. The same wheats also were grown in the greenhouse at a mean temperature of 18-degrees-C. In addition to causing shriveled kernels and low test weight, elevated temperature reduced starch accumulation and size of starch granules, and resulted in deformed starch granules, especially in hard and durum wheats grown at 40-degrees-C. With increasing temperature during grain-filling, starch lipid levels were increased markedly, amylose level was increased slightly, gelatinization temperatures of the starches increased, and swelling of the starches in hot water decreased. Annealing the starches for 48 hr at 6-degrees-C below the onset temperature (T(o)) of gelatinization increased the T(o), but the differences in T(o) values among the starches remained. Starches from most wheats grown at 40-degrees-C had increased proportions of unit chains with degrees of polymerization (DP) of 10-16 and reduced proportions of unit chains with DP 17-21. Starches from wheats grown at 25-degrees-C had the highest proportions of unit chains with DP 16-24, which appeared to explain the increased extent of retrogradation. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. RP SHI, YC (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT GRAIN SCI,SHELLENBERGER HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 59 TC 85 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 71 IS 4 BP 369 EP 383 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA PA040 UT WOS:A1994PA04000013 ER PT J AU LEE, H GLAUBER, JW SUMNER, DA AF LEE, H GLAUBER, JW SUMNER, DA TI INCREASED INDUSTRIAL USES OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES - POLICY, TRADE AND ETHANOL SO CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Western-Economic-Association-International 68th Annual Conference CY JUN 20-24, 1993 CL LAKE TAHOE, NV SP W Econ Assoc Int AB Using agricultural feedstocks for industrial products affects domestic and international agricultural markets, all of which are encumbered with complex policies. This article examines the interaction of three seemingly unrelated policies: the Clean Air Act, the U.S. com program, and European Union agricultural subsidies. More ethanol production, resulting from new regulations associated with the Clean Air Act, increases the use of U.S. com and increases the supply of com gluten feed, an ethanol co-product. Com gluten feed is primarily exported to Europe under a loophole in European Union trade barriers. But recent reform of European Union farm policy will lower the price of the European grain for which com gluten feed is a substitute. This development lowers prices for a major ethanol co-product and thus makes ethanol itself less profitable just as the demand for the fuel is expanding. NAFTA, GATT, and new technologies also play cameo roles in the story. C1 USDA,OFF ECON,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP LEE, H (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT AGR ECON,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU WESTERN ECONOMIC ASSOC INT PI HUNTINGTON BEACH PA 7400 CENTER AVE SUITE 109, HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA 92647-3039 SN 0735-0007 J9 CONTEMP ECON POLICY JI Contemp. Econ. Policy PD JUL PY 1994 VL 12 IS 3 BP 22 EP 32 PG 11 WC Economics; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA NZ613 UT WOS:A1994NZ61300003 ER PT J AU ESKRIDGE, KM PETERSON, CJ GROMBACHER, AW AF ESKRIDGE, KM PETERSON, CJ GROMBACHER, AW TI PROBABILITY OF WHEAT QUALITY TRAITS FALLING WITHIN ACCEPTABLE LIMITS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RED WINTER-WHEAT; CULTIVARS; ENVIRONMENT; STABILITY; GENOTYPE; SELECTION; DISASTER; CHECK AB Improving consistency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) end-use quality requires simultaneous consideration of a large number of quality traits evaluated in multiple growing environments. Stability analyses have inherent limitations that make analyses of large numbers of intercorrelated variables, or non-normally distributed values, difficult. Univariate and multivariate approaches were used to measure genotypic consistency of wheat quality traits based on the probability of traits falling within acceptable limits. Eighteen wheat genotypes were evaluated across 14 environments for flour protein concentration, mixograph mixing time and tolerance, sodium dodecylsulfate sedimentation volume, and kernel hardness. Acceptability of traits was defined by (i) values falling within chosen upper and lower limits of acceptability across environments, and (ii) values exceeding those for a check genotype at each location. Multivariate probabilities of all five traits falling within upper and lower limits of acceptability ranged from 0.0 to 0.45 among genotypes. Univariate probabilities of acceptance were calculated for each trait. They ranged from 0.03 to 1.00 for genotype-trait combinations and indicated the relative contributions of individual quality traits to the multivariate probability value. Several genotypes had low multivariate probabilities as the result of only one or two traits with low univariate probabilities. The probability based approach provides a simple and flexible decision-making tool to identify genotypes with high probability of providing acceptable quality when grown across multiple environments. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP ESKRIDGE, KM (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 866 EP 869 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600007 ER PT J AU PEDERSON, GA MCLAUGHLIN, MR AF PEDERSON, GA MCLAUGHLIN, MR TI GENETICS OF RESISTANCE TO PEANUT STUNT, CLOVER YELLOW VEIN, AND ALFALFA MOSAIC-VIRUSES IN WHITE CLOVER SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORAGE LEGUMES; DISEASES AB Peanut stunt virus (PSV), clover yellow vein virus (CYVV), and alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) reduce white clover (Trifolium repens L.) yield and persistence in the southeastern U.S. Southern regional virus resistant (SRVR) germplasm is the only white clover with resistance to these viruses, but little is known about the genetics of this resistance. Our objective was to determine the relative importance of general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), maternal effects, and nonmaternal reciprocal effects in the inheritance of resistance to PSV, CYVV, and AMV in a diallel cross of one 'Tillman' and seven SRVR plants with differing virus susceptibilities. Progeny were grown in the greenhouse in three separate experiments and were inoculated with PSV, CYVV, or AMV. Plants were evaluated for resistance by visual symptoms and either inoculation of 'California Blackeye' cowpeas, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata (for PSV and AMV) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; for CYVV). Differences among crosses for PSV, CYVV, and AMV resistance were due to GCA, SCA, and nonmaternal reciprocal effects. For PSV and CYVV resistance, additive genetic effects were more important than any other effects. For AMV resistance, nonadditive genetic effects and nommaternal reciprocal effects were also important. Direction in which a cross is made is not important, because there were no consistent male or female effects of parents involved in more than one significant reciprocal effect. For this group of parents, breeding procedures utilizing additive genetic effects should be the most effective in improving the PSV, CYVV, and possibly AMV resistance of white clover. RP PEDERSON, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 896 EP 900 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600011 ER PT J AU YOUNG, LD KILEN, TC AF YOUNG, LD KILEN, TC TI GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS AMONG PLANT INTRODUCTIONS FOR RESISTANCE TO SOYBEAN CYST-NEMATODE RACE-5 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION; INHERITANCE AB Three soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plant introductions (PD 399061, PI 424595, and PI 438342 were recently identified as resistant to Race 5 of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) Heterodera glycines Ichinohe. Plant breeders need to know if these plant introductions have the same or different genes for resistance than those in previously identified resistant plant introductions. Crosses were made between the Race 5 resistant plant introductions and progenies were tested for segregation for resistance to the nematode. Crosses between the three plant introductions and susceptible Tracy-M' soybean were made to estimate the number of genes involved in resistance to SCN Race 5. There was no segregation in Pa progenies in crosses among resistant PI 424595, PI 438342, 'Peking', PI 90763, and PI 437654. A few susceptible progenies were found from crosses of resistant genotypes 'Cordell' or PI 399061 with the other resistant genotypes. Ah the resistant genotypes appear to have the same genes for SCN Race 5 resistance at most loci, but PI 399061 probably differs in resistance genes from other resistant genotypes at one or more loci. Data from crosses of Tracy-M with PI 399061, PI 424595, and PI438342 indicate resistance is controlled by three or more genes. C1 USDA ARS, SOYBEAN PROD RES UNIT, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. RP YOUNG, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 605 AIRWAYS BLVD, JACKSON, TN 38301 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 936 EP 939 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600018 ER PT J AU ROONEY, WL RINES, HW PHILLIPS, RL AF ROONEY, WL RINES, HW PHILLIPS, RL TI IDENTIFICATION OF RFLP MARKERS LINKED TO CROWN RUST RESISTANCE GENES PC-91 AND PC-92 IN OAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; LINKAGE AB Crown rust, caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia coronata Cda. f. avenae (Eriks and E. Hem.), is recognized as a major disease of cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.). Control of the pathogen has relied on the identification of resistance genes (designated Pc genes) and their Incorporation into oat cultivars. However, the limited durability of single genes conferring high levels of resistance to the disease has depleted the number of such resistance genes. New genes and ways to deploy them are needed to ensure adequate resistance in future oat cultivars. Our objectives were to characterize crown rust resistance from two unadapted Avena germplasms and to identify RFLP markers linked to the respective Pc genes. In this study, Pc 91 and Pc 92 were identified from the hexaploid germplasms Amagalon and Obee/'Midsouth', respectively. At each locus, crown rust resistance was conditioned by the presence of a single dominant allele. In backcross-derived Lines, RFLP markers putatively linked to Pc 91 and Pc 92 were identified, and map distances were calculated using segregating F-2 populations for each gene. RFLP probe UMN 145 identified a sequence 4.5 cM from Pc 91 and RFLP probe OG 176 identified a sequence 13.6 cM from Pc 92. Using aneuploid stocks to map the location of RFLP markers, Pc 91 was localized to Chromosome 18, while Pc 92 could not be localized to a chromosome probably because of the lack of the corresponding aneuploid stock. The RFLP markers for these genes may be useful in pyramiding Pc genes in an effort to increase the durability of resistance. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,INST PLANT MOLEC GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP ROONEY, WL (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 19 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 940 EP 944 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600019 ER PT J AU COX, TS HATCHETT, JH AF COX, TS HATCHETT, JH TI HESSIAN FLY-RESISTANCE GENE H26 TRANSFERRED FROM TRITICUM-TAUSCHII TO COMMON WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AEGILOPS-SQUARROSA; D-GENOME AB There is a continuing need for enhanced genetic diversity in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for resistance to the Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor Say). The objectives of this study were (i) to transfer a gene for Hessian fly resistance from the accession TA 2473 of the wild diploid goatgrass T. tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. into an elite, hexaploid wheat genotype and (ii) to determine the chromosomal location of the gene. The F-1 and BC1 progenies from the cross 'Karl'/TA 2473 were male-sterile and set very few backcross seed, but seven BC2F2-derived lines were resistant or segregating for resistance to Biotype L of Hessian fly. Homozygous resistant BC2F4 and BC2F5 progeny within those lines were crossed to 'Wichita'-based stocks monosomic for six of the seven D-genome chromosomes and to tester stocks carrying the genes H13, H22, H23, H24, and an unnamed gene, all transferred previously from T. tauschii. Segregation of F-2 plants from those crosses showed that resistance derived from TA 2473 is governed by one dominant gene located on chromosome 4D. This gene, designated herein as H26, is the only Hessian fly-resistance gene known to be located on 4D. Gene H26 conditions a high level of antibiosis to Biotype L and has been transferred into a germplasm line, KS92WGRC26, which has most of the desirable agronomic traits of its recurrent parent, Karl. Therefore, H26 is expected to be a useful addition to the set of Hessian fly-resistance genes available to wheat breeders. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. RP COX, TS (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 8 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 958 EP 960 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600023 ER PT J AU BETHLENFALVAY, GJ MIHARA, KL SCHREINER, RP AF BETHLENFALVAY, GJ MIHARA, KL SCHREINER, RP TI MYCORRHIZAE ALTER PROTEIN AND LIPID CONTENTS AND YIELD OF PEA SEEDS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; PHOSPHORUS; SYMBIONTS AB Root colonization by arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) fungi may affect seed protein and lipid composition by altering P nutrition or by eliciting metabolic responses by the host plant. These fungi may therefore play a role in plant breeding programs. This study was conducted to determine the effects of an AM fungus and different levels of P availability on seed protein and lipid composition and yield. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants were grown in a greenhouse under different P regimes (0, 1, 2, or 4 g hydroxyapatite kg(-1) soil) with or without the AM fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol and Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe. At the lowest level of P availability, protein concentration was significantly lower and lipid concentration and seed dry mass were higher in AM than in non-AM plants. Protein/lipid concentration ratios were invariant in non-AM plants at all soil P levels. Those of the AM plants varied, were highest at an intermediate P level, and coincided with the highest intensity of root colonization and the greatest reduction of seed yield relative to the non-AM plants at the same level of P availability. Lipid and protein contents were highly correlated (second order) with P content in all plants. In non-AM plants, however, lipid and protein contents were very low at the lowest soil P level, but statistically not different at the other soil P levels. The data show different patterns of seed P accumulation and different relationships between seed P content and protein and lipid composition in AM and non-AM plants. This suggests that both the presence and the intensity of AM-fungal colonization altered the response of seed Lipid metabolism to increasing P availability, which affected the protein and lipid ratios. RP BETHLENFALVAY, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,3420 NW ORCHARD AVE,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 998 EP 1003 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600031 ER PT J AU MORRISON, TA KESSLER, JR BURTON, DR AF MORRISON, TA KESSLER, JR BURTON, DR TI MAIZE INTERNODE ELONGATION PATTERNS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB During maize (Zea mays L.) growth, the stalk elongates in a sigmoidal pattern. This overall pattern arises from the variable growth rates of individual internodes comprising the maize stalk. To discern differences in growth rate among internodes of the stalk, individual elongation rates and patterns were determined in a single-cross hybrid. When each of 12 aboveground internodes (7 through 18) of growth-chamber-grown plants reached approximately 10 mm in length, they were dotted along their lengths with black acrylic paint at 1-mm intervals and photographed daily over 35 d. Full-scale photographs documented that all internodes elongated sigmoidally, in a basipetal direction. Elongation began slowly and uniformly throughout the length of the undeveloped internode during the first 2 to 3 d, increased in rate and shifted basipetally from the upper internode region toward the middle, and later, toward the basal region of the enlarging internode. Elongation decelerated in the intercalary meristem region during the final days of internode lengthening. Internodes 8 through 12 elongated similarly with the greatest daily growth rates. Internodes 13 and 14, which supported developing ears, had the longest elongation periods but slower growth rates and shorter final lengths than other internodes. Internode 15 had a rapid rate of growth like 18 through 12, but an elongation pattern similar to 113 and 14. Evidence from this study indicates that the relative position of internodes in the emerging stalk hierarchy and the functional role of internodes in stalk development influences individual internode growth rate, elongation period, and developmental pattern. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. NR 19 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 15 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1055 EP 1060 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600040 ER PT J AU KNACKSTEDT, MA SEARS, RG ROGERS, DE LOOKHART, GL AF KNACKSTEDT, MA SEARS, RG ROGERS, DE LOOKHART, GL TI EFFECTS OF T2BS.2RL WHEAT-RYE TRANSLOCATION ON BREADMAKING QUALITY IN WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHROMOSOME-TRANSLOCATION; REGISTRATION AB Detrimental effects on hard wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) bread baking quality have been shown in previous studies on wheat-rye translocations involving chromosome Group 1. A new wheat-rye translocation (T2BS.2RL, Hamlet), which contains a single dominant gene (H21) for Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] resistance, should not affect wheat storage proteins found in chromosome Groups 1 and 6. The objective of this study was to determine if the T2BS.2RL translocation modifies milling and baking properties. Backcross(4)F(4)-derived lines were grown in 1991 near Manhattan and Hutchinson, KS, in replicated plots. Grain from the 5 translocation lines and 11 nontranslocation lines were compared for several breadmaking quality traits. Test weight, flour yield, and kernel hardness were reduced in the translocation lines but could be overcome by selection. Mixograph-mixing time and bake-mixing time also were reduced, but the small differences would not adversely affect breadmaking quality. No significant differences were found for hour protein, mixograph mixing tolerance, loaf volume, and crumb grain score. However, statistically significant small improvements were found for flour color and water absorption. Overall, the translocation did not have a large effect (either positive or negative) on milling or baking quality. C1 AM INST BAKING,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. RP KNACKSTEDT, MA (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1066 EP 1070 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600042 ER PT J AU VANTOAI, TT BEUERLEIN, JE SCHMITTHENNER, AF STMARTIN, SK AF VANTOAI, TT BEUERLEIN, JE SCHMITTHENNER, AF STMARTIN, SK TI GENETIC-VARIABILITY FOR FLOODING TOLERANCE IN SOYBEANS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID GROWTH; ROT AB The flooding tolerance of U.S. soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars under field conditions has not been reported. In this study, 84 soybean cultivars of maturity groups II, III, and IV were grown at two locations, London and Lakeview, in Ohio. The cultivars differed in their resistance and tolerance to Phytophthora sojae M.J. Kaufmann and J.W. Gerdemann as determined in separate field and laboratory studies. While the production practices and historic yield potential at the two locations were similar, the nearly Bat, slowly permeable Milford silty clay soil at Lakeview was saturated during most of July 1992 because of excessive rainfall (17 cm more than normal). The average yield of the 84 soybean cultivars at the hooded location (Lakeview) was 25% lower than at the non-flooded location (London). Flooding tolerance can be defined as high yield under flooding stress. When the 84 soybean cultivars were ranked in their flooding tolerance according to this definition, many cultivars were found to exhibit both flood tolerance at Lakeview and high yield at London. Flooding tolerance was independent from Phytophthora tolerance, Phytophthora resistance, and plant relative maturity. This study documented that differences in flooding tolerance exist among U.S. soybean cultivars. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP VANTOAI, TT (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL DRAINAGE RES UNIT,590 WOODY HAYES DR,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 11 TC 33 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1112 EP 1115 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600051 ER PT J AU GRAVOIS, KA MOLDENHAUER, KAK LEE, FN NORMAN, RJ HELMS, RS WELLS, BR DILDAY, RH ROHMAN, PC BLOCKER, MM AF GRAVOIS, KA MOLDENHAUER, KAK LEE, FN NORMAN, RJ HELMS, RS WELLS, BR DILDAY, RH ROHMAN, PC BLOCKER, MM TI REGISTRATION OF ADAIR RICE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT AGRON,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. USDA ARS,STUTTGART,AR 72160. RP GRAVOIS, KA (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,CTR RICE RES & EXT,POB 351,STUTTGART,AR 72160, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1123 EP 1123 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600054 ER PT J AU MOLDENHAUER, KAK GRAVOIS, KA LEE, FN NORMAN, RJ BERNHARDT, JL WELLS, BR HELMS, RS DILDAY, RH ROHMAN, PC BLOCKER, MM AF MOLDENHAUER, KAK GRAVOIS, KA LEE, FN NORMAN, RJ BERNHARDT, JL WELLS, BR HELMS, RS DILDAY, RH ROHMAN, PC BLOCKER, MM TI REGISTRATION OF LAGRUE RICE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV ARKANSAS, DEPT AGRON, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, STUTTGART, AR 72160 USA. RP MOLDENHAUER, KAK (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS, CTR RICE RES & EXT, POB 351, STUTTGART, AR 72160 USA. NR 4 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1123 EP 1124 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600055 ER PT J AU COFFELT, TA PORTER, DM MOZINGO, RW AF COFFELT, TA PORTER, DM MOZINGO, RW TI REGISTRATION OF VA-93B PEANUT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,TIDEWATER AGR EXP STN,SUFFOLK,VA 23437. RP COFFELT, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 7099,SUFFOLK,VA 23437, USA. NR 3 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1126 EP 1126 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600059 ER PT J AU ZWER, PK ROHDE, CR METZGER, RJ MORRIS, CF KRONSTAD, WE KOLDING, MF KAROW, RS AF ZWER, PK ROHDE, CR METZGER, RJ MORRIS, CF KRONSTAD, WE KOLDING, MF KAROW, RS TI REGISTRATION OF ROHDE WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,HERMISTON AGR RES & EXT CTR,HERMISTON,OR 97838. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WESTERN WHEAT QUAL LAB,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP ZWER, PK (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,COLUMBIA BASIN AGR RES CTR,POB 370,PENDLETON,OR 97801, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1127 EP 1127 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600061 ER PT J AU SISSON, VA AF SISSON, VA TI REGISTRATION OF OXFORD-940 TOBACCO SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP SISSON, VA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,OXFORD,NC 27565, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1129 EP 1129 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600064 ER PT J AU PRATT, RC FINDLEY, WR AF PRATT, RC FINDLEY, WR TI REGISTRATION OF OHS11(C1) MAIZE GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,USDA ARS,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP PRATT, RC (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT AGRON,1680 MADISON AVE,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1131 EP 1131 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600067 ER PT J AU COFFELT, TA PHIPPS, PM PORTER, DM AF COFFELT, TA PHIPPS, PM PORTER, DM TI REGISTRATION OF VGP-9 PEANUT GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,TIDEWATER AGR EXP STN,SUFFOLK,VA 23437. RP COFFELT, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 7099,SUFFOLK,VA 23437, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1132 EP 1133 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600069 ER PT J AU PRATT, RC FINDLEY, WR JONES, MW GUTHRIE, WD AF PRATT, RC FINDLEY, WR JONES, MW GUTHRIE, WD TI REGISTRATION OF OHS3(C5) MAIZE GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,USDA ARS,WOOSTER,OH 44691. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. RP PRATT, RC (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT AGRON,1680 MADISON AVE,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1132 EP 1132 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600068 ER PT J AU NICKELL, CD NOEL, GR BERNARD, RL THOMAS, DJ FREY, K AF NICKELL, CD NOEL, GR BERNARD, RL THOMAS, DJ FREY, K TI REGISTRATION OF SOYBEAN GERMPLASM LINE LN89-5699, RESISTANT TO SOYBEAN CYST-NEMATODE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV ILLINOIS, USDA ARS, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. RP NICKELL, CD (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT AGRON, 1102 S GOODWIN AVE, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1133 EP 1134 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600071 ER PT J AU NICKELL, CD NOEL, GR BERNARD, RL THOMAS, DJ FREY, K AF NICKELL, CD NOEL, GR BERNARD, RL THOMAS, DJ FREY, K TI REGISTRATION OF SOYBEAN GERMPLASM LINE LN89-5717 RESISTANT TO SOYBEAN CYST-NEMATODE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV ILLINOIS, USDA ARS, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. RP NICKELL, CD (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT AGRON, 1102 S GOODWIN AVE, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1133 EP 1133 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600070 ER PT J AU NICKELL, CD NOEL, GR BERNARD, RL THOMAS, DJ PRACHT, J AF NICKELL, CD NOEL, GR BERNARD, RL THOMAS, DJ PRACHT, J TI REGISTRATION OF SOYBEAN GERMPLASM LINE LN89-5612, MODERATELY RESISTANT TO SOYBEAN CYST-NEMATODE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV ILLINOIS, USDA ARS, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. RP NICKELL, CD (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT AGRON, 1102 S GOODWIN AVE, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1134 EP 1135 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600073 ER PT J AU NICKELL, CD LIM, SM EATHINGTON, S WARSAW, R AF NICKELL, CD LIM, SM EATHINGTON, S WARSAW, R TI REGISTRATION OF SOYBEAN GERMPLASM LINE LL89-605, RESISTANT TO BROWN STEM ROT AND BACTERIAL-BLIGHT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV ILLINOIS, USDA ARS, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. RP NICKELL, CD (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT AGRON, 1102 S GOODWIN AVE, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1134 EP 1134 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600072 ER PT J AU BAKER, CA PORTER, DR WEBSTER, JA AF BAKER, CA PORTER, DR WEBSTER, JA TI REGISTRATION OF STARS-9302W AND STARS-9303W, RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID RESISTANT WHEAT GERMPLASMS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP BAKER, CA (reprint author), USDA,ARS,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 2 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1135 EP 1136 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600075 ER PT J AU SOUZA, E TYLER, JM OBRIEN, KM AF SOUZA, E TYLER, JM OBRIEN, KM TI REGISTRATION OF IDAHO INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT MALE-STERILE POPULATION, CYCLE-0, WHEAT GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,MISSISSIPPI AGR & FORESTRY EXPT STN,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP SOUZA, E (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,ABERDEEN RES & EXT CTR,DEPT PLANT SOILS & ENTOMOL,POB AA,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1136 EP 1137 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600076 ER PT J AU SOUZA, E TYLER, JM OBRIEN, KM AF SOUZA, E TYLER, JM OBRIEN, KM TI REGISTRATION OF IDAHO SNOW MOLD MALE-STERILE POPULATION, CYCLE-0, WINTER-WHEAT GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID BUNT C1 USDA ARS,MISSISSIPPI AGR & FORESTRY EXPT STN,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP SOUZA, E (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,DEPT PLANT SOILS & ENTOMOL,ABERDEEN RES & EXT CTR,POB AA,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1137 EP 1138 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600078 ER PT J AU COX, TS HATCHETT, JH SEARS, RG GILL, BS AF COX, TS HATCHETT, JH SEARS, RG GILL, BS TI REGISTRATION OF KS92WGRC26, HESSIAN FLY-RESISTANT HARD RED WINTER-WHEAT GERMPLASM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP COX, TS (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1138 EP 1139 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NV516 UT WOS:A1994NV51600079 ER PT J AU FITZGERALD, JA PERKINS, A AF FITZGERALD, JA PERKINS, A TI EFFECT OF MORPHINE AND NALOXONE ON LH RESPONSE AND SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR OF RAMS (OVIS-ARIES) SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; MALE-RAT AB Effects of the opiate agonist, morphine, and antagonist, naloxone, on LH release, courtship behavior and ejaculation frequency of mature, sexually active or sexually inactive rams were investigated. Plasma LH concentrations were monitored from blood samples collected every 15 min for 10 hr (0800 to 1800 hr) from eight rams that were isolated from or in contact with estrous females. Plasma LH concentration was higher (P<.05) in sexually active rams exposed to receptive females compared with hormone concentration of rams isolated from ewes. Intravenous infusion of morphine sulphate (1 mg/kg) into rams 4 and 6 hr after exposure to ewes reduced (P<.05) plasma LH concentration as compared to rams given saline. Morphine did not affect (P>.05) courtship behavior (investigatory sniff, mount attempt, foreleg kick, flehmen, vocalization) but diminished (P<.05) number of ejaculations. In another trial, LH concentrations were higher (P<.05) in seven sexually active rams given naloxone iv or when given to three rams through an intracerebroventricular cannula (icv) as compared to LH response of sexually inactive rams. LH did not differ (P>.05) in seven sexually inactive rams before or after administration of naloxone. Investigatory sniffs by sexually active rams were increased (P<.03) after treatment with the opiate antagonist. Four of the seven sexually active rams had more ejaculations after naloxone compared with the pretreatment period, but mean ejaculation frequency after treatment did not differ (P=.31). Naloxone did not stimulate courtship behavior of sexually inactive males. These data suggest that the effect of opiates on sexual behavior and LH secretion depends upon the inherent level of sexual activity among rams. C1 USDA ARS,DUBOIS,ID 83423. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 11 IS 3 BP 271 EP 279 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(94)90018-3 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA NX939 UT WOS:A1994NX93900003 PM 7956174 ER PT J AU MINCKLEY, RL WCISLO, WT YANEGA, D BUCHMANN, SL AF MINCKLEY, RL WCISLO, WT YANEGA, D BUCHMANN, SL TI BEHAVIOR AND PHENOLOGY OF A SPECIALIST BEE (DIEUNOMIA) AND SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS) POLLEN AVAILABILITY SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ASTERACEAE; DEMOGRAPHY; HALICTIDAE; HELIANTHUS ANNUUS; HYMENOPTERA; OLIGOLECTY; PHENOLOGY; PLANT-POLLINATOR INTERACTIONS; RESOURCE LIMITATION; RESOURCE SPECIALIZATION; SOLITARY BEES ID STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTS; SOLITARY BEES; ANNUUS L; HYMENOPTERA; EVOLUTION; COMPETITION; APOIDEA; NECTAR; POLLINATORS; CONSTRAINTS AB The phenological relationships between nesting behavior of a specialist, solitary bee, Dieunomia triangulifera, and the flowering of its primary pollen source, Helianthus annuus, were studied for 3 yr at a site in northeastern Kansas, which contained between 50 000 and > 150 000 nests. Activity patterns of D. triangulifera are closely synchronized with pollen availability on nearby sunflower plants in three ways: (1) each year, D. triangulifera became active within days of the beginning of the local sunflower bloom, and the emergence schedule of the entire population at the nest site was timed such that all females had constructed nests and were collecting pollen at peak bloom; (2) over a season the greatest numbers of provisioning females were active at peak bloom, when pollen was most abundant; and (3) over the day, females made mote trips, each of which took less time when pollen was most abundant on nearby flowers than when it was scarce. Between seasons, female reproductive success varied positively with the availability of H. annuus pollen. When pollen was abundant, and the population at the nest site was low, approximate to 3 times more cells were provisioned than the following year when the bee population was high and pollen abundance declined. Furthermore, 20 pollen-collecting bee species (10 specialists and 10 generalists), besides D. triangulifera, used an estimated 68% of the available sunflower pollen at this site. These data suggest that resource limitation is important in shaping patterns of provisioning behavior in D. triangulifera. Other behaviors presumably related to reproductive success were variable and suggest resources were not limiting: (1) all females did not forage on each day, even at peak bloom; (2) variance in both trip durations and the numbers of trips made per day was large; and (3) females produced far fewer eggs in their lifetime than apparently possible. We suggest that the apparently conflicting evidence for resource limitation may be explained by a physiological Limit on the rate of egg production; in such a case, the effects of resource limitation, while clearly important, might not be the primary factor limiting reproductive output. Female D. triangulifera benefit by being synchronized with their resource. Daily and seasonal synchrony enable females to collect a greater amount of pollen during shorter foraging trips. This translates into higher mean reproductive success and, at the population level, allows more females to be supported by the pollen produced from nearby plants. In short, those females that are synchronized with the sunflower bloom effectively increase their own resource availability. This phenomenon may be general, especially in short-lived organisms, i.e., the evolution of specialization may be associated with fitness benefits based on synchrony with a preferred food source. C1 UNIV KANSAS,SNOW ENTOMOL MUSEUM,SNOW HALL,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. UNIV KANSAS,DEPT ENTOMOL,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. USDA,ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ENTOMOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. NR 89 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 9 U2 44 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 1994 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1406 EP 1419 DI 10.2307/1937464 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NV662 UT WOS:A1994NV66200019 ER PT J AU RICHTER, DD MARKEWITZ, D WELLS, CG ALLEN, HL APRIL, R HEINE, PR URREGO, B AF RICHTER, DD MARKEWITZ, D WELLS, CG ALLEN, HL APRIL, R HEINE, PR URREGO, B TI SOIL CHEMICAL-CHANGE DURING 3 DECADES IN AN OLD-FIELD LOBLOLLY-PINE (PINUS-TAEDA L) ECOSYSTEM SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; CALCIUM; MAGNESIUM; NUTRIENT CYCLING; PINUS TAEDA; POTASSIUM; SOIL ACIDITY; SOIL NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; SOUTH CAROLINA; SOUTHEASTERN PIEDMONT USA; VEGETATION-SOIL RELATIONS; SOIL ID NORTH-CAROLINA PIEDMONT; NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; CARBON-STORAGE; UNITED-STATES; L PLANTATION; DEPOSITION; POTASSIUM; DYNAMICS; SAMPLES AB The ability of soil to sustain its supply of nutrients to a growing forest is controlled by a complex of biogeochemical processes. Forest soil data are notably absent, however, that describe sustained nutrient supply or nutrient depletion. The objective of this study was to evaluate how exchangeable nutrient cations of a previously cultivated Ultisol responded to the first three decades of pine forest development. On six occasions during the three decades, the upper 0.6 m of soil was sampled from eight permanent plots and chemically analyzed with the same procedures. During this period, KCl-exchangeable acidity (as positive charges of adsorbed H and Al ions) increased by 37.3 kmol(c)/ha in the upper 0.6 m of soil and positive charges of exchangeable Ca and Mg were depleted by 34.8 and 8.9 kmol(c)/ha (by 696 and 108 kg/ha), whereas, exchangeable K was reduced by only 0.5 kmol(c)/ha (19 kg/ha). Depletion of soil exchangeable Ca was on the same order of magnitude as Ca removals (i.e., Ca accumulation in biomass and forest floor plus that lost in soil leaching). Removals of soil Mg also appeared to outpace resupply from recycling, atmospheric deposition, and mineral weathering, but not to the same degree as Ca. Over the three decades, soil leaching loss of these divalent cations (from 0.6 m depth) appeared equal to cation accumulation in biomass plus forest floor, with sulfate balancing about half these cations in leachates. In contrast to Ca and Mg, total K removals from the soil exceeded reductions in soil exchangeable K by nearly 20-fold. Exchangeable K was well buffered in surface mineral soils apparently due to a combination of biological recycling via leaching of canopies and forest floor plus mineral weathering release. These nutrient dynamics may be common to many nutrient-demanding forest ecosystems supported by soils with low activity kandic or oxic horizons. Such soils (Ultisols and Oxisols) occur on many hundreds of millions of hectares in temperate and tropical zones. C1 US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,RALEIGH,NC 27936. COLGATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,HAMILTON,NY 13346. RP RICHTER, DD (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,SCH ENVIRONM,DURHAM,NC 27708, USA. NR 58 TC 135 Z9 141 U1 3 U2 34 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 1994 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1463 EP 1473 DI 10.2307/1937469 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NV662 UT WOS:A1994NV66200024 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, DK ZABEL, CJ NOON, BR MESLOW, EC AF ROSENBERG, DK ZABEL, CJ NOON, BR MESLOW, EC TI NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS - INFLUENCE OF PREY BASE - A COMMENT SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Note ID WESTERN OREGON; FLUCTUATIONS; ENUMERATION; POPULATIONS; RECAPTURE; FORESTS C1 US FOREST SERV,REDWOOD SCI LAB,ARCATA,CA 95521. OREGON STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,COOPERAT WILDLIFE RES UNIT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 1994 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1512 EP 1515 DI 10.2307/1937475 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NV662 UT WOS:A1994NV66200030 ER PT J AU SEILER, GJ AF SEILER, GJ TI OIL CONCENTRATION AND FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION OF ACHENES OF NORTH-AMERICA HELIANTHUS (ASTERACEAE) SPECIES SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE HELIANTHUS SPP; ASTERACEAE; OIL CONTENT; PALMITIC; STEARIC; LINOLEIC; AND OLEIC ACIDS ID SEED OIL; SUNFLOWER AB Oil concentration and fatty acid composition were determined in achenes of two annual Helianthus species (112 populations) and 11 perennial species (103 populations) from the Great Lakes region and the Central Great Plains of the U.S. The highest average oil concentration was observed in annual H. petiolaris Nutt. with 28.8%, followed by H. annuus L. with 25.4%. Among the perennial species, H. hirsutus Raf. had the highest average oil concentration with 29.8%. The highest average palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) fatty acids were observed in H. tuberosus L. (6.5 and 3.5%, respectively), while the lowest values were observed in H. pauciflorus Nutt. ssp. subrhomboideus (4.2 and 2. 1, respectively). The highest oleic acid (C18:1) was observed in H. annuus (24.7%) and the highest linoleic (C18:2) was observed in H. pumilus Nutt. with 71.3%. Sufficient variability appears to be present in the wild species for enhancement of oil and fatty acid characteristics for cultivated sunflower. RP SEILER, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 5677,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD JUL-SEP PY 1994 VL 48 IS 3 BP 271 EP 279 DI 10.1007/BF02862328 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PE962 UT WOS:A1994PE96200005 ER PT J AU ERSKINE, W SMARTT, J MUEHLBAUER, FJ AF ERSKINE, W SMARTT, J MUEHLBAUER, FJ TI MIMICRY OF LENTIL AND THE DOMESTICATION OF COMMON VETCH AND GRASS PEA SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE COMMON VETCH; DOMESTICATION; GRASS PEA; LENTIL MIMICRY; WEEDS ID ORIGIN AB A hypothesis is proposed whereby weedy vetch (Vicia sativa L.) seed moved with seed of the cultivated lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) as a tolerated weed during the spread of the lentil from the Fertile Crescent in the Near East to its current distribution. As a result, selection occurred in vetch weeds for a reduction in darmancy/havd-seededness, increased competitive ability and biomass, and phenological adaptation to new environments-predisposing the weed for domestication. The cropping of common vetch for forage in pure culture followed. Archaeological evidence of admixtures of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) in Neolithic funds of lentil, pea (Pisum sativum L.) and bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia (L.) Wild.) suggests a similar process of selection in grass pea for a weedy habit from which domestication later occurred. C1 UNIV SOUTHAMPTON,DEPT BIOL,SOUTHAMPTON SO9 3TU,ENGLAND. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP ERSKINE, W (reprint author), INT CTR AGR RES DRY AREAS,POB 5466,ALEPPO,SYRIA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD JUL-SEP PY 1994 VL 48 IS 3 BP 326 EP 332 DI 10.1007/BF02862334 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PE962 UT WOS:A1994PE96200010 ER PT J AU GUERRA, AA MARTINEZ, S AF GUERRA, AA MARTINEZ, S TI AN IN-VITRO REARING SYSTEM FOR THE PROPAGATION OF THE ECTOPARASITOID CATOLACCUS-GRANDIS SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE IN VITRO REARING; CATOLACCUS GRANDIS; ARTIFICIAL DIET; OVIPOSITIONAL STIMULANTS; N-HEXANE ID BRACON-MELLITOR; DIETS AB An experimental 'closed' rearing system, where egg and larval manipulations were eliminated, was developed for the in vitro rearing of Catolaccus grandis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) Burks, an important ectoparasitoid of the cotton bell weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman. In this rearing model, n-hexane (a synthetic ovipositional stimulant for this parasitoid), was smeared on the Parafilm(R) cover of a modified rearing chamber (a Multiwell(R)) tissue culture plate) to induce the deposition of uncontaminated eggs, on the inner side of this waxy membrane, and on or around an agar retained diet that had been dispensed into the individual chamber wells. When the efficiency of the in vitro rearing system was compared to the current in vivo rearing method for this species, the duration of the life cycle was significantly shorter in parasitoids reared in vivo, but this difference was less than one day (17.8 vs 17.1 days, respectively). On the other hand, the number of eggs laid in the in vitro rearing chamber during a 4 h period was c. 2.5 times greater than in the conventional in vivo rearing apparatus, and adult yields were c. 25% greater when using the in vitro closed rearing method. Male to female ratios were c. 1:9 when reared in vitro as compared to 1.0:1.5 for those reared in vivo. There were no apparent adverse effects of this in vitro rearing system on the parasitoid's general behavior and reproduction after two consecutive generations. RP GUERRA, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,BIOL PEST CONTROL RES UNIT,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 72 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PC812 UT WOS:A1994PC81200002 ER PT J AU HAGLER, JR NARANJO, SE AF HAGLER, JR NARANJO, SE TI DETERMINING THE FREQUENCY OF HETEROPTERAN PREDATION ON SWEET-POTATO WHITEFLY AND PINK-BOLLWORM USING MULTIPLE ELISAS SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; PREDATION; ELISA; GUT CONTENTS ID TARNISHED PLANT BUGS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; NOCTUIDAE EGGS; GEOCORIS-PUNCTIPES; LEPIDOPTERA; PREY; HEMIPTERA; MIRIDAE; ANTIGEN; DIGESTION AB The gut contents of field-collected, predaceous Heteroptera were assayed for the presence of eggs of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) using multiple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Of seven species examined, Geocoris species and Orius tristicolor (Say) were the most frequent predators of sweetpotato whitefly with 32-39% of the individuals tested over the whole season scoring positive for whitefly antigens. With the exception of Lygus hesperus Knight, a major insect pest as well as a predator, the frequency of predation on pink bollworm eggs was much lower (0.7-14.3% positive over the season). Relatively few predators tested positive for both antigens (0.3-12.5%). RP HAGLER, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 46 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 72 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PC812 UT WOS:A1994PC81200007 ER PT J AU SOMKUTI, GA STEINBERG, DH AF SOMKUTI, GA STEINBERG, DH TI PERMEABILIZATION OF STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS AND THE EXPRESSION OF BETA-GALACTOSIDASE SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BETA-GALACTOSIDASE; DETERGENT EFFECTS; CELL PERMEABILIZATION; S-THERMOPHILUS ID LACTOSE HYDROLYSIS; DAIRY-PRODUCTS; HUMANS; MILK AB Studies were carried out to determine the efficacy of several permeabilizing agents in inducing high-level expression of beta-galactosidase in Streptococcus thermophilus. Sodium dodecyl sulfate, Triton X-100, sodium deoxycholate, and one commercial bile acid preparation were effective as membrane destabilizing agents allowing lactose influx and hydrolysis by cytoplasmic beta-galactosidase in treated cells. Cells exposed to Oxgall or Triton X-100 displayed 15 times higher levels of beta-galactosidase activity than control cells. Detergent treatment also induced extensive cell death or significant injury to cell populations resulting in long delays before resumption of growth. A permeabilized suspension of S thermophilus corresponding to 10(8)cfu ml(-1) released 87% of glucose available in a 5% lactose solution within 10 min at 50 degrees C. RP SOMKUTI, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 16 IS 7 BP 573 EP 576 DI 10.1016/0141-0229(94)90121-X PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA NR966 UT WOS:A1994NR96600006 ER PT J AU SCHAEFER, EJ AF SCHAEFER, EJ TI APOLIPOPROTEINS AND CORONARY HEART-DISEASE SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID ARTERY DISEASE; A-I; LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PARTICLE-SIZE; RISK; MEN; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; PREVALENCE; LIPIDS RP SCHAEFER, EJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0014-2972 J9 EUR J CLIN INVEST JI Eur. J. Clin. Invest. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 24 IS 7 BP 441 EP 443 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA NV427 UT WOS:A1994NV42700002 PM 7957499 ER PT J AU ZABOWSKI, D SKINNER, MF RYGIEWICZ, PT AF ZABOWSKI, D SKINNER, MF RYGIEWICZ, PT TI TIMBER HARVESTING AND LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY - WEATHERING PROCESSES AND SOIL DISTURBANCE SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEA/BE Workshop on Ameliorative Practices for Restoring and Maintaining Long-Term Productivity in Forests CY 1991 CL VAXJO, SWEDEN SP INT ENERGY AGCY, BIOMASS ENERGY PROGRAM AB Both timber harvesting and amelioration practices can cause chemical and physical changes to the soil. These changes can affect factors which alter soil mineral stability and weathering rates, potentially changing inputs to the nutrient cycle. This paper discusses possible effects of harvesting and ameliorative practices on soil mineral stability and weathering. It also presents data from a case study of harvesting impacts in New Zealand. A soil disturbance study established in 1981 was examined in 1990 for potential effects of soil disturbance on weathering and soil nutrient availability. Post-harvesting site treatments included O horizon preserved, O horizon removed, and O and A horizons removed followed by compaction. Results showed that removal of the O horizon greatly reduced the available nutrient pool. Changes in concentrations of solution Si also indicated that mineral equilibrium had been affected in the surface soil horizons of the two disturbance treatments. Fine-root and mycorrhizae biomass was reduced with both disturbance treatments. A comparison of soil nutrient inputs and outputs suggests that weathering inputs must provide most of the available nutrients with the disturbance treatments. C1 FORESTRY RES INST ROTORUA,ROTORUA,NEW ZEALAND. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP ZABOWSKI, D (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,PNW RES STN,1133 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 66 IS 1-3 BP 55 EP 68 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(94)90148-1 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PB577 UT WOS:A1994PB57700004 ER PT J AU DEGROOT, RC AF DEGROOT, RC TI TREATABILITY OF WESTERN SOFTWOOD AND RED ALDER SHAKES SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CCA AB The potential to develop durable shakes from several western tree species, other than western redcedar, is being explored, Results of trials with several different waterborne and oilborne preservatives are discussed in this paper. Penetration of preservative through the entire thickness of shakes was achieved with a variety of waterborne and oilborne systems, but the distribution of the preservatives within the shakes was influenced by preservative formulation and concentration and by treating cycles. For active ingredients used in both waterborne and oilborne formulations, more uniform patterns of preservative distribution generally occurred with the oilborne formulation. With preservatives applied only as waterborne systems, uniformity of distribution was sometimes enhanced by increasing concentrations of the treating solution. With alkaline waterborne systems, uniformity was further enhanced with a stepwise application of pressure and a lengthy pressure period. RP DEGROOT, RC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 44 IS 7-8 BP 34 EP 43 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA PB360 UT WOS:A1994PB36000005 ER PT J AU LIANG, BH SHALER, SM MOTT, L GROOM, L AF LIANG, BH SHALER, SM MOTT, L GROOM, L TI RECYCLED FIBER QUALITY FROM A LABORATORY-SCALE BLADE SEPARATOR BLENDER SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A simple and inexpensive fiber separator/blender was developed to generate useful secondary fibers from hydropulped waste paper. Processing wet hydropulped fiber resulted in a furnish with no change in average fiber length in three out of four types of recycled fibers tested. In all cases, the Canadian Standard freeness increased after processing compared to hydropulped-only fibers. Micrographs of the fibers obtained using an environmental scanning electron microscope indicate increased fiber flexibility and curl. Following fiber separation, the unit also doubles as a blender, permitting easy blending of fibers, liquid resins, and particulate matter such as thermoplastics, later used to manufacture composite panels. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. RP LIANG, BH (reprint author), UNIV MAINE,DEPT FOREST MANAGEMENT,ORONO,ME 04469, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 44 IS 7-8 BP 47 EP 50 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA PB360 UT WOS:A1994PB36000007 ER PT J AU RICE, RW HOWE, JL BOONE, RS TSCHERNITZ, JL AF RICE, RW HOWE, JL BOONE, RS TSCHERNITZ, JL TI A SURVEY OF FIRMS KILN-DRYING LUMBER IN THE UNITED-STATES - VOLUME, SPECIES, KILN CAPACITY, EQUIPMENT, AND PROCEDURES SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Between June 1992 and May 1993, a survey was conducted of primary and secondary manufacturing firms that had a least one dry kiln and processed at least 2 million board feet (MMBF) of lumber annually. over 1,500 questionnaires were completed representing manufacturers in 43 states. According to survey respondents, just over 29 billion board feet (BBF) of lumber were kiln-dried. About 24 BBF were from softwood species and about 5 BBF were from hardwoods. Southern firms dried more than twice as much lumber as any other region. More southern yellow pine is dried than any other softwood species or species group. The leading hardwood is red oak. Drying data and volume totals are presented for the five leading softwoods and the six leading hardwoods. There are over 7,000 dry kilns in the United States with a total holding capacity of 447 MMBF. Most are steam heated. The holding capacity of dry kilns varies by species, but softwood kilns are the largest. There is also a regional size variation. The most commonly used maximum operating temperature for dry kilns is between 160-degrees and 180-degrees-F. The kiln schedule type is dependent on the species being dried. Softwood producers generally used time-based schedules and hardwood producers used schedules based on moisture content. The is the first survey of its type with a national scope to be conducted in the United States. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT FOREST PROD,KAUFERT LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP RICE, RW (reprint author), UNIV MAINE,FOREST PROD LAB,5755 NUTTING HALL,ORONO,ME 04469, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 44 IS 7-8 BP 55 EP 62 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA PB360 UT WOS:A1994PB36000009 ER PT J AU ROSS, RJ WARD, JC TENWOLDE, A AF ROSS, RJ WARD, JC TENWOLDE, A TI STRESS WAVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF WETWOOD SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OAK AB Bacterially infected wood, called wetwood, is often not visually apparent in logs or green lumber. When kiln-dried, lumber containing wetwood is prone to develop costly defects. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a stress wave nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique to detect the presence of wetwood, thereby allowing separation of bacterially infected and noninfected lumber before kiln-drying. On average, this NDE technique correctly identified 84 percent of bacterially infected red oak lumber. However, the technique was less effective on white oak, correctly identifying an average of 45 percent of the infected lumber. The difference in results between red and white oak needs to be further investigated. Because this NDE technique shows promise, especially for red oak, and because analysis is rapid, implementation of this technique into a sawmill operation should be examined. RP ROSS, RJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 44 IS 7-8 BP 79 EP 83 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA PB360 UT WOS:A1994PB36000013 ER PT J AU KNIGHT, RJ AF KNIGHT, RJ TI PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN PASSION-FRUIT CULTURE AND DEVELOPMENT SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB About 3500 metric tons (MT) of purple and yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims and P. edulis f. flavicarpa Degener) and hybrids between these two forms are produced in the world annually. Growers of this crop are con fronted by fungal disease that attacks the fruit, leaves, stem ana roots. Also, expensive trellising must be erected to support the vines, and the fruit must be harvested at frequent intervals by picking it up from the ground where it falls when it ripens. Purple-fruited cultivars tend to fruit in spring and early summer, but do not flower well during hot weather, unlike the yellow passion fruit which thrives under lowland tropical conditions. Current breeding efforts are aimed at crossing inbred purple- and yellow-fruited lines to obtain F-1 hybrids with maroon fruit, that bear well all summer. One collection from the wild, Pl. 424814, was found to have genes for dwarfness and the ability to hold mature fruit on the vine a month or more after color break. Another accession, M-32025, had genes for extra locules (up to 5 versus the usual making a dense, firmly-packed fruit. Combining all these traits can produce dwarf cultivars with disease-resistant, dense fruit that may be collected from the vines as needed rather than picked off the ground after it drops. RP KNIGHT, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 13601 OLD CUTLER RD, MIAMI, FL 33158 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 48 IS 3 BP 159 EP 162 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA PB465 UT WOS:A1994PB46500005 ER PT J AU MONTGOMERY, GW LORD, EA PENTY, JM DODDS, KG BROAD, TE CAMBRIDGE, L SUNDEN, SLF STONE, RT CRAWFORD, AM AF MONTGOMERY, GW LORD, EA PENTY, JM DODDS, KG BROAD, TE CAMBRIDGE, L SUNDEN, SLF STONE, RT CRAWFORD, AM TI THE BOOROOLA FECUNDITY (FECB) GENE MAPS TO SHEEP CHROMOSOME-6 SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; MAJOR GENE; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; BETA-CASEIN; GROWTH; CELLS; DNA AB The Booroola (FecB) mutation in sheep is linked to markers from a region of syntenic homology to human chromosome HSA4q, but the chromosomal location in sheep has not been determined. Analysis of linkage in Booroola half-sib pedigrees and 17 full-sib families identified genetic linkage between platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRA) and alpha(s1)-casein (CSN1S1) at 12 cM (Z(max) = 9.14) and between PDGFRA and the microsatellite markers BM143 and OarHH55 (Z(max) = 6.28 and 3.83, respectively). The microsatellite markers OarAE101 and BM143 and genes from the linkage group (PDGFRA, SPP1, and EGF) were mapped in a partial sheep x hamster somatic cell hybrid panel. Ah markers identified bands specific to somatic cell hybrids containing the sheep chromosome t1 (rob6;24) or t1q (chromosome 6). In sheep the casein genes alpha(s1) (CSN1S1), alpha(s2) (CSN1SB), beta (CSN2), and K (CSN3) are tightly linked, and CSNP has been mapped to sheep chromosome 6q23-q31. We conclude that the Booroola mutation is located within a conserved syntenic group that maps to sheep chromosome 6. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV OTAGO,CTR GENE RES,DUNEDIN,NEW ZEALAND. AGRES,CTR INVERMAY AGR,MOSGIEL,NEW ZEALAND. AGRES,GRASSLANDS RES CTR,PALMERSTON NORTH,NEW ZEALAND. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP MONTGOMERY, GW (reprint author), UNIV OTAGO,DEPT BIOCHEM,AGRES MOLEC BIOL UNIT,DUNEDIN,NEW ZEALAND. RI Montgomery, Grant/B-7148-2008; OI Montgomery, Grant/0000-0002-4140-8139; Dodds, Ken/0000-0002-9347-6379 NR 26 TC 63 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD JUL 1 PY 1994 VL 22 IS 1 BP 148 EP 153 DI 10.1006/geno.1994.1355 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA NW898 UT WOS:A1994NW89800018 PM 7959761 ER PT J AU CROWE, EA BUSACCA, AJ REGANOLD, JP ZAMORA, BA AF CROWE, EA BUSACCA, AJ REGANOLD, JP ZAMORA, BA TI VEGETATION ZONES AND SOIL CHARACTERISTICS IN VERNAL POOLS IN THE CHANNELED SCABLAND OF EASTERN WASHINGTON SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE VERNAL POOL; VEGETATION ZONES; SOIL CHARACTERISTICS; EASTERN WASHINGTON AB Vernal pools are seasonal pools occurring in Mediterranean-type climates within which grow concentric zones of vegetation. We studied two vernal pools that lie within an Artemisia tridentata/Festuca idahoensis shrub-steppe landscape in the Channeled Scabland of eastern Washington to determine the relationship between vegetation zonation and soil characteristics. Abundant plant species in the pools include Elymus cinereus, Poa scabrella, Lomatium grayi, Allium geyeri, Eleocharis palustris, Epilobium minutum, Myosurus aristatis, Deschampsia danthonioides, and Psilocarphus oregonus. We surveyed topography, measured plant species frequency and cover to describe the vegetation zones, and used Sorenson's index of percent similarity to verify our designation of plant zones as communities. In one pool we described soil profiles and sampled soils throughout the growing season according to plant communities. We analyzed soils for pH; electrical conductivity; sodium, calcium, and magnesium ions; sodium adsorption ratio; particle size; organic carbon; and water matric potential. ANOVA tests of soil characteristics and topography among plant communities showed that only differences in topography are statistically significant. There are, however, trends in particle size, some soil chemical parameters, and soil moisture potential among plant communities along the topographic gradient. Electrical conductivity decreased with increasing dryness of the soil through the spring and summer. Seasonal changes in soil moisture potential showed that shallower soils in the centers of pools are wetter during the wet season and drier during the dry season than are deeper soils. These changes in moisture may be the most important influence on vegetation distribution within the vernal pools. RP CROWE, EA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,AREA 3 ECOL PROGRAM,WALLOWA WHITMAN NATL FOREST,BOX 907,BAKER CITY,OR 97814, USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 54 IS 3 BP 234 EP 247 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PF800 UT WOS:A1994PF80000005 ER PT J AU JAYNES, DB AF JAYNES, DB TI EVALUATION OF FLUOROBENZOATE TRACERS IN SURFACE SOILS SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID SUBSTITUTED BENZOIC-ACIDS; HETEROGENEOUS AQUIFER; WATER; BROMIDE; DISPERSION; THERMODYNAMICS; IONIZATION; TRANSPORT; NMR AB The availability of several conservative, noninteracting tracers is desirable for the study of water movement in porous media. Recent studies have identified a family of fluorinated benzoic acid derivatives as having transport properties similar to Br-. The transport properties of 2,6-difluorobenzoate (2,6-DFBA), 2,5-difluorobenzoate (2,5-DFBA), 3,4-difluorobenzoate (3,4-DFBA), 3,5-difluorobenzoate (3,5-DFBA), o-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate (o-TFMBA), m-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate (m-TFMBA), and pentafluorobenzoate (PFBA) were compared to Br in two neutral pH, high organic soils from Iowa. Batch equilibrium studies and column transport studies showed that 2,6-DFBA, PFBA, and o-TFMBA have transport properties very similar to Br-, although their behavior may deviate slightly as the organic carbon and clay fractions of the soil increase. 2,5-DFBA is retarded less and dispersed slightly more than the above tracers in these soils, but may be a useful tracer since it is still conservative. The other fluorobenzoates showed greater degrees of interaction with the soil matrix and were not conservative precluding their use as acceptable tracers. Plant growth studies using corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max [L] Merr.) showed significantly (P = 0.05) decreased growth for treatments using 3,4-DFBA and 3,5-DFBA, precluding their use in agronomic settings. Given the variation shown here and in earlier studies, the transport behavior of any of the fluorobenzoates should be evaluated prior to use in new environments. RP JAYNES, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,MIDWEST AREA,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 27 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 32 IS 4 BP 532 EP 538 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1994.tb00887.x PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA NV808 UT WOS:A1994NV80800002 ER PT J AU BRUTON, BD AF BRUTON, BD TI MECHANICAL INJURY AND LATENT INFECTIONS LEADING TO POSTHARVEST DECAY SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Management of Postharvest Disease Resistance in Horticultural Crops, at the 88th ASHA Annual Meeting CY JUL 23, 1991 CL UNIVERSITY PARK, PA SP AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCI, ASHS, POSTHARVEST WORKING GRP, ASHS, MINERAL NUTR WORKING GRP, ASHS, POMOL WORKING GRP, ASHS, VEGETABLE BREEDING WORKING GRP ID PLANT RP BRUTON, BD (reprint author), US ARS,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1994 VL 29 IS 7 BP 747 EP 749 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NV011 UT WOS:A1994NV01100004 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, RG AF ROBERTS, RG TI INTEGRATING BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL INTO POSTHARVEST DISEASE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Management of Postharvest Disease Resistance in Horticultural Crops, at the 88th ASHA Annual Meeting CY JUL 23, 1991 CL UNIVERSITY PARK, PA SP AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCI, ASHS, POSTHARVEST WORKING GRP, ASHS, MINERAL NUTR WORKING GRP, ASHS, POMOL WORKING GRP, ASHS, VEGETABLE BREEDING WORKING GRP ID PEACH BROWN ROT; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; GRAY MOLD; PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA; BLUE MOLD; APPLE; FRUIT; BIOCONTROL; INHIBITION; INFECTION RP ROBERTS, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 40 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1994 VL 29 IS 7 BP 758 EP 762 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NV011 UT WOS:A1994NV01100008 ER PT J AU ELSEY, KD FARNHAM, MW AF ELSEY, KD FARNHAM, MW TI RESPONSE OF BRASSICA-OLERACEA L TO BEMISIA-TABACI (GENNADIUS) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COLE CROPS; KALE; COLLARD; BROCCOLI; KOHLRABI; CABBAGE; BRUSSELS SPROUTS; SWEET-POTATO WHITEFLY ID TRIALEURODES-VAPORARIORUM HOMOPTERA; LEPIDOPTERA; ALEYRODIDAE; GLOSSY AB The relative resistance of 18 cultivars of Brassica oleracea L. to attack by the sweetpotato whitefly [Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)] was studied in screen cage (spring), field (autumn), and laboratory tests. The B. oleracea entries consisted of six types, including 16 green and two red cultivars. Cabbage (Capitata Group) and broccoli (Boytrytis Group) were less infested than other crops in a screen cage test, with kale, collard (Acephala Group), and brussels sprouts (Germmiter Group) experiencing relatively high and kohlrabi (Gongtlodes Group) intermediate infestations. Relative ranking of crops was similar in an autumn field study, with the exception of brussels sprouts, which had an intermediate level of infestation. Differences in numbers of whiteflies among cultivars within crops were negligible or inconsistent, except that red cultivars of brussels sprouts ('Rubine') and cabbage ('Red Acre') were much less infested than green cultivars. In a laboratory test, differences of whitefly oviposition and nymphal survival and development were small, indicating that nonpreference factors, rather than antibiosis, are the best explanations for differences in the numbers of whiteflies among the B. oleracea cultivars that were tested. RP ELSEY, KD (reprint author), US ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,2875 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1994 VL 29 IS 7 BP 814 EP 817 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NV011 UT WOS:A1994NV01100024 ER PT J AU NASH, G KERSCHMANN, RL HERNDIER, B DUBEY, JP AF NASH, G KERSCHMANN, RL HERNDIER, B DUBEY, JP TI THE PATHOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PULMONARY TOXOPLASMOSIS IN THE ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LUNG; TOXOPLASMOSIS; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME ID AIDS; DIAGNOSIS; COMPLICATIONS; INFECTIONS; CATS C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. RP NASH, G (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,BAYSTATE MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,SPRINGFIELD,MA 01199, USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 25 IS 7 BP 652 EP 658 DI 10.1016/0046-8177(94)90297-6 PG 7 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA NX227 UT WOS:A1994NX22700005 PM 8026824 ER PT J AU KLARER, DM MILLIE, DF AF KLARER, DM MILLIE, DF TI REGULATION OF PHYTOPLANKTON DYNAMICS IN A LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES ESTUARY SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ALGAE; BACILLARIOPHYTES; CRYPTOPHYTES; FRESH-WATER ESTUARY; LAKE ERIE; PHYTOPLANKTON; STORM WATER ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; COASTAL WETLANDS; RIVER ESTUARY; PRODUCTIVITY; INHIBITION; BIOMASS; SCALE; ALGAE AB The composition and dynamics of phytoplankton PoPulations were examined in Old Woman Creek estuary, Lake Erie (USA). The centric bacillariophytes, Cyclotella atomus Hust., Cyclotella meneghiniana Kutz., and Aulacoseira alpigena (Grun.) Krammer, and the cryptophytes, Cryptomonas erosa Ehren. and Rhodomonas minuta var. nannoplanctonica Skuja, dominated the phytoplankton most of the year. Chlorophytes, euglenophytes, and cyanophytes were observed less frequently. Estuarine and Lake Erie phytoplankton were considered distinct populations; lake taxa were largely confined to the estuary mouth and present only in low biomass. Maxima and minima of estuarine phytoplankton coincided with meteorological and hydrological forcing in the form of rainfall and subsequent storm-water inflows, respectively. Distinct population dynamics between the upper and lower estuary following storm events were attributed to the presence/absence of refugia serving as a source for repopulation by opportunistic taxa, fluctuating light conditions in the water column resulting from influx of particulate matter and resuspension of bottom sediments, and nutrient inputs associated with surface runoff and sub-surface interflow. Additionally, agricultural herbicides introduced by storm-water inflows potentially may affect and/or control the growth and physiological responses of individual taxa. C1 LOYOLA UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP KLARER, DM (reprint author), OHIO DEPT NAT RESOURCES,OLD WOMAN CREEK STATE NAT PRESERVE & NATL ESTUARINE RES RESERVE,HURON,OH 44839, USA. NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUL 1 PY 1994 VL 286 IS 2 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.1007/BF00008500 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NZ880 UT WOS:A1994NZ88000003 ER PT J AU VIDOTTO, MC MCGUIRE, TC MCELWAIN, TF PALMER, GH KNOWLES, DP AF VIDOTTO, MC MCGUIRE, TC MCELWAIN, TF PALMER, GH KNOWLES, DP TI INTERMOLECULAR RELATIONSHIPS OF MAJOR SURFACE-PROTEINS OF ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CROSS-LINKING; INITIAL BODIES; CATTLE; IMMUNIZATION; COMPLEX; EXPRESSION; PROTECTION; CHALLENGE; ISOLATE; SERUM AB Immunization with Anaplasma marginale membranes containing major surface proteins (MSPs) induces protective immunity against clinical disease (N. Tebele, T. C. McGuire, and G. H. Palmer, Infect. Immun. 59:3199-3204, 1991). For use in design of a recombinant antigen subunit vaccine for A. marginale, intermolecular relationships of known A. marginale MSPs were analyzed. Under nonreducing conditions, MSP-2 and MSP-5 occur as multimers. A large (>300-kDa-molecular-mass), nonreduced protein complex contained MSP-1a linked by disulfide bonds to MSP-1b and by noncovalent bonds to MSP-5. MSP-2 was also noncovalently bound to this complex. The nearest neighbor membrane proteins were identified by cross-linking reactions followed by immunoblotting with anti-MSP antibodies. A cross-linked aggregate retained in the stacking gel contained MSP-1a, MSP-1b, MSP-2, MSP-3, MSP-4, and MSP-5. Collectively, the data indicate that MSP-2 and MSP-5 occur as monomers and disulfide-bonded multimers. The MSP-1 complex occurs as both disulfide-bonded and noncovalently associated MSP-1a and MSP-1b, and MSP-2 and MSP-5 are noncovalently associated with MSP-1. Also, MSP-1, MSP-2, MSP-3, and MSP-4 are nearest neighbors, and MSP-5 is noncovalently associated with this cross-linked complex. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. UNIV ESTADUAL LONDRINA,DEPT PATOL GERAL,BR-86051970 LONDRINA,PARANA,BRAZIL. USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 35 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 62 IS 7 BP 2940 EP 2946 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA NU014 UT WOS:A1994NU01400037 PM 8005681 ER PT J AU COATS, SA BROWN, JK HENDRIX, DL AF COATS, SA BROWN, JK HENDRIX, DL TI BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOTYPE-SPECIFIC ESTERASES IN THE WHITEFLY, BEMISIA-TABACI GENN (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE) SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BEMISIA TABACI; BIOTYPES; WHITEFLY; ESTERASES ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ID SQUASH SILVERLEAF DISORDER; POPULATIONS; ISRAEL; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; IDENTIFICATION; CALIFORNIA; RESISTANCE; PATTERNS; COLOMBIA AB Biochemical properties of the predominant esterases found in two distinct populations, presently considered to be different biotypes of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, were investigated. General esterases, previously established as diagnostic markers on native polyacrylamide gels (PAGE) for the 'A' and 'B' biotypes, were characterized with respect to molecular masses, isoelectric points (pIs), isomeric relationships, and substrate specificities. One previously unidentified band in the 'B' biotype was detected on native gels when ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) was added to gel buffers. In each of the (A' and 'B' biotypes, 12 bands were resolved by isoelectric focusing (IEF),and had pIs ranging from 4.86 to 7.37, and 4.70 to 6.59, respectively. The two bands ('B'1 and 'B'2), used as diagnostic markers on native gels for the 'B' biotype, were identified as a single band (E7) with IEF. An analogous E7 band was resolved in the 'A' biotype with IEF, but corresponded to only one isomer (A6) on native gels. Results of substrate studies revealed most bands on IEF gels had carboxylesterase activity. The E7 esterase in each biotype was identified specifically as acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Ferguson plots revealed these E7 esterases of the 'A' and 'B' biotypes had equivalent charges, but different molecular masses, indicating they are size isomers. Two dimensional (2D) and IEF analyses confirmed this relationship. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PLANT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. NR 37 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 24 IS 7 BP 723 EP 728 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(94)90060-4 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA NY996 UT WOS:A1994NY99600010 ER PT J AU CHAMBERLIN, MA HORNER, HT PALMER, RG AF CHAMBERLIN, MA HORNER, HT PALMER, RG TI EARLY ENDOSPERM, EMBRYO, AND OVULE DEVELOPMENT IN GLYCINE-MAX (L) MERR SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EGG APPARATUS; SAC DEVELOPMENT; CENTRAL CELL; SYNERGID DEGENERATION; FERTILIZATION; ULTRASTRUCTURE; FABACEAE; MEGAGAMETOGENESIS; MEGASPOROGENESIS; NUTRITION AB Anatomical and ultrastructural aspects of soybean embryo, endosperm, and ovule development are described for the zygote to late heart-shaped embryo stages (0-35 d postfertilization). Nucellar cells subtending the degenerative synergid break down, allowing for pollen tube passage to this synergid. In 15 of 17 ovules studied, the degenerative synergid occupies a position abfunicular to the zygote. The inner integument differentiates into the endothelium and exterior layers of thick-walled cells at the globular embryo stage. The endothelium has a cuticle on its inner surface that begins to fragment at the onset of endosperm cellularization. Cellularization of the free-nuclear endosperm is initiated at the globular embryo stage by the formation of anticlinal ingrowths of the central cell wall. These walls fuse to form cylinders open to the central cell. Uninucleate cells are formed within the bases of the cylinders as periclinal walls are laid down. These latter walls are formed in the presence or absence of phragmoplasts. At the onset of cellularization, the endosperm forms a cellular sheath over the apex of the embryo, which partitions it from the central cell. The late globular embryo forms a cuticle on its surface but not on the suspensor. The endosperm cells of the chalazal process are suspended in a mucilage because of the loss of the central cell wall in this region. Endosperm degeneration occurs by two different processes: one involves wall thinning coincident with accumulation of mucilage exterior to the plasmalemma and within the cytoplasm; the other involves the fusion of vesicles to the plasmalemma and the concomitant release of cell-wall fibrils. The embryo becomes reoriented 90 degrees to accommodate its expansion within the embryo sac. The integrated development and function of these tissues toward embryo and ovule maturation are discussed. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,BESSEY MICROSCOPY FACIL,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,DEPT ZOOL & GENET,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. NR 45 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 155 IS 4 BP 421 EP 436 DI 10.1086/297179 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PB395 UT WOS:A1994PB39500003 ER PT J AU LATTERELL, RL TOWNSEND, CE AF LATTERELL, RL TOWNSEND, CE TI MEIOTIC ANALYSIS OF ASTRAGALUS-CICER L .2. POLYHAPLOIDS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OCTAPLOIDS; FABACEAE AB Meiotic behavior of polyhaploids (2n = 4x = 32) of Astragalus cicer was strongly diploid-like. Bivalent frequencies exceeded 95% in the four plants studied, and a majority of meiotic configurations comprised exclusively bivalents. Meiosis was highly regular in polyhaploids 37B and 38B, but plants C17 and 353B produced a greater diversity of configurations reflecting their markedly higher frequencies of univalents. Optimization analysis revealed close correspondence to the 2:2 pattern of chromosome pairing expected of amphidiploids, and estimates of relative genomic affinity indicated that chromosome pairing was almost exclusively intragenomic. Polyhaploids of A. cicer evidently comprised two pairs of distinct genomes (AABB) that paired preferentially (homologously). Natural octaploids of A. cicer are therefore autoallooctaploids with genomic formula AAAABBBB. Diploid-like meiotic behavior of octaploid A. cicer, despite the autotetraploid nature of constituent genomes, indicated that multivalent formation was suppressed and bivalent frequencies thereby enhanced by a bivalentizing system. C1 USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP LATTERELL, RL (reprint author), SHEPHERD COLL,DEPT BIOL,SHEPHERDSTOWN,WV 25443, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 155 IS 4 BP 475 EP 480 DI 10.1086/297186 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PB395 UT WOS:A1994PB39500010 ER PT J AU FERESU, SB BOLIN, CA KORVER, H TERPSTRA, WJ AF FERESU, SB BOLIN, CA KORVER, H TERPSTRA, WJ TI CLASSIFICATION OF LEPTOSPIRES OF THE PYROGENES SEROGROUP ISOLATED FROM CATTLE IN ZIMBABWE BY CROSS-AGGLUTININ ABSORPTION AND RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDONUCLEASE DNA ANALYSIS; INTERROGANS SEROVARS; DIFFERENTIATION; POMONA AB Five strains of the genus Leptospira belonging to serogroup Pyrogenes were isolated from cattle slaughtered in Zimbabwe and subjected to cross-agglutinin absorption and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. One strain, SBF 2, represents a new genetic strain of serovar kwale, while another strain, SBF 49, is a new genetic strain closely related to serovar nigeria. Three strains belong to a new serovar for which the name mombe with reference strain SBF 20 is proposed. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis indicated that each of these three strains represents a different restriction polymorphism pattern group. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,LEPTOSPIROSIS & MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. ROYAL TROP INST,NH SWELLENGREBEL LAB TROP HYG,1105 AZ AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RP FERESU, SB (reprint author), UNIV ZIMBABWE,DEPT SCI BIOL,MP167,MT PLEASANT,HARARE,ZIMBABWE. FU FIC NIH HHS [IF 05 TW 4154-01] NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 44 IS 3 BP 541 EP 546 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NW043 UT WOS:A1994NW04300022 PM 7915129 ER PT J AU COOK, GM RAINEY, FA CHEN, GJ STACKEBRANDT, E RUSSELL, JB AF COOK, GM RAINEY, FA CHEN, GJ STACKEBRANDT, E RUSSELL, JB TI EMENDATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OF ACIDAMINOCOCCUS FERMENTANS, A TRANS-ACONITATE-OXIDIZING AND CITRATE-OXIDIZING BACTERIUM SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID 16S RDNA ANALYSIS; TRICARBALLYLIC ACID; RUMEN AB Ruminal fluid which was enriched with trans-aconitate yielded a gram-negative diplococcus (strain AO) which was identified by 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis as Acidaminococcus-fermentans. In contrast to the original description, the A. fermentans type strain and strain AO were found to utilize citrate as an energy source and to produce hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide. The descriptions of the genus and species are emended accordingly. C1 CORNELL UNIV,MICROBIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. GERMAN COLLECT MICROORGANISMS & CELL CULTURES,BRAUNSCHWEIG,GERMANY. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14850. RI Cook, Gregory/E-5665-2011; Rainey, Fred/C-8767-2013 OI Rainey, Fred/0000-0001-9129-6844 NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 44 IS 3 BP 576 EP 578 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NW043 UT WOS:A1994NW04300028 PM 8068544 ER PT J AU REEVES, JB SCHMIDT, WF AF REEVES, JB SCHMIDT, WF TI SOLID-STATE C-13 NMR ANALYSIS OF FORAGE AND BY-PRODUCT-DERIVED FIBER AND LIGNIN RESIDUES - RESOLUTION OF SOME DISCREPANCIES AMONG CHEMICAL, INFRARED AND PYROLYSIS-GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE LIGNIN ASSAYS; FORAGES; FIBER; SOLID-STATE C-13 NMR ID WHEAT STRAW LIGNIN; DIGESTIBILITY; SPECTROMETRY; SPECTRA AB Solid-state C-13 NMR was used to investigate changes in the composition of residues from red clover and peanut hulls obtained by four commonly used gravimetric methods for lignin in forages. The samples had also previously been analyzed by infrared and pyrolytic mass spectrometric procedures. The solid-state C-13 NMR spectra enabled the confirmation of a structural interpretation of why the different gravimetric procedures are not chemically equivalent. The three instrumental techniques together enabled a more accurate evaluation of the chemical composition of lignin obtained by each of the four different gravimetric procedures, as well as a comparison of the advantages and limitations of each of the instrumental methods for forage analysis. C1 USDA ARS,NON RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP REEVES, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1462 EP 1468 DI 10.1021/jf00043a014 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NY821 UT WOS:A1994NY82100014 ER PT J AU NAM, KS KING, JW AF NAM, KS KING, JW TI SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION AND ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY FOR PESTICIDE DETECTION IN MEAT-PRODUCTS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PESTICIDE; EXTRACTION; SUPERCRITICAL FLUID; IMMUNOASSAY; MEATS ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXTRACTION; IMMUNOCHEMICAL METHODS; RESIDUES; FOODS AB Two techniques supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were integrated into an analytical method for the rapid detection of pesticide residues in meat samples. The pesticides of interest were extracted from meats using supercritical CO2. A pumpless SFE system, which was designed in our laboratory, and commercial equipment were used in SFE experiments. The presence of pesticide residues in the extract was quantitatively determined using the magnetic bead-based EIA kits. Several types of pesticides (alachlor, carbofuran, atrazine, benomyl, and 2,4-D), spiked in the meat samples (bovine liver, ground beef, and lard), were extracted and analyzed. Interferences caused by the coextracted substances from these complex sample matrices required the use of a cleanup step prior to the EIA test. The described techniques are potentially portable and could be used for the rapid screening of meat samples in plant environments. C1 USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 22 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1469 EP 1474 DI 10.1021/jf00043a015 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NY821 UT WOS:A1994NY82100015 ER PT J AU RAYBURN, JR BANTLE, JA FRIEDMAN, M AF RAYBURN, JR BANTLE, JA FRIEDMAN, M TI ROLE OF CARBOHYDRATE SIDE-CHAINS OF POTATO GLYCOALKALOIDS IN DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE POTATOES; GLYCOALKALOIDS; CHACONINES; SOLANINES; RELATIVE POTENCIES; FOOD SAFETY; FROG EMBRYOS ID EMBRYO TERATOGENESIS ASSAY; ALPHA-SOLANINE; CHACONINE; ALKALOIDS; PRODUCTS; XENOPUS; FETAX AB As part of a program to improve the safety of plant-derived foods such as potatoes, the developmental toxicity of seven structurally related individual compounds was examined using the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX). The objective was to assess the role of the carbohydrate part of Solanum glycosides in influencing the developmental toxicity of these compounds. Comparative evaluations were carried out on the triglycosides alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine, the diglycosides beta(1)- and beta(2)-chaconine and beta(2)-solanine, and the monoglycosides gamma-chaconine and gamma-solanine. The results show that biological activity is influenced by the chemical structure of the carbohydrate, i.e., galactose, glucose, or rhamnose; the number of carbohydrate groups making up the side chain attached to the 3-OH position of the aglycon solanidine; and the stereochemical orientation of the chaconine diglycosides. The developmental toxicity of these compounds in FETAX generally decreased following removal of the carbohydrates from the triglycosides. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY & HLTH RES UNIT,ALBANY,CA 94710. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 27 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1511 EP 1515 DI 10.1021/jf00043a022 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NY821 UT WOS:A1994NY82100022 ER PT J AU DORNER, JW COLE, RJ ERLINGTON, DJ SUKSUPATH, S MCDOWELL, GH BRYDEN, WL AF DORNER, JW COLE, RJ ERLINGTON, DJ SUKSUPATH, S MCDOWELL, GH BRYDEN, WL TI CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID RESIDUES IN MILK AND EGGS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE MYCOTOXINS; ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS; PENICILLIUM; SHEEP; CHICKENS ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; MYCOTOXIN; PEANUTS; CORN; AFLATOXINS; CHICKENS; MEAT AB The mycotoxin cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) was detected in the milk from ewes and the eggs from chickens that were given oral doses of the toxin. Three lactating ewes were given CPA for 2 days at a rate of 5 mg/kg of live weight. Thin-layer chromatographic analyses of dried, defatted milk samples showed that CPA was present in milk at an average concentration of 236 ng/g within 24 h of the first dose. The concentration of CPA reached a high of 568 ng/g, but none was detectable by the ninth day after the first dose. Laying hens were given oral doses of CPA in two separate studies: an acute study over 9 days with dose groups of 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/kg of live weight and a chronic study over 4 weeks with dose groups of 0.0, 1.25, and 2.5 mg/kg of live weight. Eggs from birds in ah dose groups throughout both studies contained CPA. The concentrations of CPA were much higher in egg whites than in egg yolks, averaging approximately 100 and 10 ng/g, respectively. C1 UNIV SYDNEY,DEPT ANIM SCI,CAMDEN,NSW 2570,AUSTRALIA. RP DORNER, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,1011 FORRESTER DR SE,DAWSON,GA 31742, USA. NR 13 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1516 EP 1518 DI 10.1021/jf00043a023 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NY821 UT WOS:A1994NY82100023 ER PT J AU MOSHONAS, MG SHAW, PE AF MOSHONAS, MG SHAW, PE TI QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION OF 46 VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS IN FRESH, UNPASTEURIZED ORANGE JUICES USING DYNAMIC HEADSPACE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CLASSIFICATION; COMPONENTS AB A dynamic headspace gas chromatographic technique was used to quantify 46 volatile components of both hand extracted and mechanically extracted fresh orange juice samples from five different cultivars, Valencia, Pineapple, Hamlin, Pera, and navel,as well as one hybrid, Ambersweet. The effect of higher peel oil levels in the mechanically extracted juices on amounts of specific components was demonstrated. Comparison of reported aroma threshold values for 34 of the components with amounts present in juice showed certain components to be most likely to contribute to fresh orange flavor. This study provides a more extensive database for volatile components in fresh orange juice than previously available. RP MOSHONAS, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,600 AVE SNW,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL, USA. NR 23 TC 79 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1525 EP 1528 DI 10.1021/jf00043a025 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NY821 UT WOS:A1994NY82100025 ER PT J AU MILES, DH TUNSUWAN, K CHITTAWONG, V HEDIN, PA KOKPOL, U AF MILES, DH TUNSUWAN, K CHITTAWONG, V HEDIN, PA KOKPOL, U TI BOLL-WEEVIL ANTIFEEDANTS FROM ELEOCHARIS-DULCIS TRIN SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Six compounds were isolated from the CH2Cl2 extract of Eleocharis dulcis Trin. They are hexacosanoic acid (1),5 alpha-stigmastane-3,6-dione (2), beta-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4), betulin (5), and tricin (6). 5 alpha-Stigmastane-3,6-dione, betulin, and tricin showed antifeedant activity against bell weevils. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39768. CHULALONGKORN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,NAT PROD UNITS CELL,BANGKOK 10330,THAILAND. RP MILES, DH (reprint author), UNIV CENT FLORIDA,DEPT CHEM,ORLANDO,FL 32816, USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1561 EP 1562 DI 10.1021/jf00043a032 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NY821 UT WOS:A1994NY82100032 ER PT J AU ANDERSEN, RA HAMILTONKEMP, TR HILDEBRAND, DF MCCRACKEN, CT COLLINS, RW FLEMING, PD AF ANDERSEN, RA HAMILTONKEMP, TR HILDEBRAND, DF MCCRACKEN, CT COLLINS, RW FLEMING, PD TI STRUCTURE-ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS AMONG VOLATILE C-6 AND C-9 ALIPHATIC-ALDEHYDES, KETONES, AND ALCOHOLS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ANTIFUNGAL; ALTERNARIA; LIPOXYGENASE PRODUCTS; BIOASSAY; VOLATILES; ALDEHYDES; KETONES; ALPHA,BETA-UNSATURATED; (E)-HEXENAL; MUTAGENICITY ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; MUTAGENICITY; PLANTS; FUNGI AB Antifungal potentials of volatile oxygenated alkyl compounds were determined by bioassay of Alternaria alternata germ tube growth. Compounds were naturally occurring lipoxygenase enzyme system products or related to them chemically. Results were based on headspace concentrations of test compounds. Among six- and nine-carbon aldehydes and ketones related to-hexanal, nonanal, and hexanone, and 2-nonanone, respectively, the presence of an alpha beta-unsaturated bond adjacent to the carbonyl moiety generally enhanced antifungal activity. Among six-carbon alcohols related to 1-hexanol, however, an alpha,beta-unsaturated bond enhanced antifungal activity only slightly. Abundant, naturally occurring (E)-2-hexenal that higher plants emit as a response to wounding tested; negatively for mutagenicity; a volatile compound modification of the Ames test with several strains of Salmonella typhimurium was used. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP ANDERSEN, RA (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 23 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1563 EP 1568 DI 10.1021/jf00043a033 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NY821 UT WOS:A1994NY82100033 ER PT J AU SNOOK, ME LYNCH, RE CULBREATH, AK COSTELLO, CE AF SNOOK, ME LYNCH, RE CULBREATH, AK COSTELLO, CE TI 2,3-DI-(E)-CAFFEOYL-(2R,3R)-(+)-TARTARIC ACID IN TERMINALS OF PEANUT (ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA L) VARIETIES WITH DIFFERENT RESISTANCES TO LATE-LEAF-SPOT-DISEASE [CERCOSPORIDIUM-PERSONATUM (BERK-AND-MA-CURTIS) DEIGHTON] AND THE INSECTS TOBACCO THRIPS [FRANKLINIELLA-FUSCA (HINDS)] AND POTATO LEAFHOPPER [EMPOASCA-FABAE (HARRIS)] SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PEANUT; ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L; 2,3-DI-(E)-CAFFEOYL-(2R,3R)-(+)-TARTARIC ACID (LEVOROTATORY CHICORIC ACID); CHICORIC ACID; DISEASE; INSECT RESISTANCE ID INHIBITION; GROWTH AB Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) terminals (partially opened vegetative quadrifoliate leaf buds) of varieties with varying levels of resistance to the late leaf spot disease (LLSD) fungus [Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. and M. A. Curtis) Deighton] and the insects tobacco thrips [Frankliniella fusca (Hinds)] and potato leafhopper [Empoasca fabae (Harris)] were analyzed for their polyphenolic content. All varieties contained only one major polyphenol, which was isolated and identified as 2,3-di-(E) -caffeoyl-(2R,3R)(+)-tartaric acid (levorotatory chicoric acid), previously reported in only one other plant species. Levels of l-chicoric acid were highest in newly emerged terminals (0.25% fresh wt) of Florunner (susceptible to LLSD) and Southern Runner (resistant) varieties and showed a steady decline (to 0.019%) as the leaves matured over 18 days. Levels of chicoric acid did not correlate with resistance to late leaf spot disease, tobacco thrips, or potato leafhopper. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. MIT,DEPT CHEM,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP SNOOK, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1572 EP 1574 DI 10.1021/jf00043a035 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NY821 UT WOS:A1994NY82100035 ER PT J AU BRANDON, DL BINDER, RG BATES, AH MONTAGUE, WC AF BRANDON, DL BINDER, RG BATES, AH MONTAGUE, WC TI MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY FOR MULTIRESIDUE ELISA OF BENZIMIDAZOLE ANTHELMINTICS IN LIVER SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ELISA; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; FENBENDAZOLE; ALBENDAZOLE; OXFENDAZOLE; DRUG RESIDUES ID METHYL 2-BENZIMIDAZOLECARBAMATE; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; THIABENDAZOLE; PLASMA; ASSAY; METHODOLOGY; OXFENDAZOLE; BENOMYL; FOODS; MODE AB A monoclonal antibody has been prepared that binds the major benzimidazole anthelmintic drugs, including albendazole, fenbendazole, oxfendazole, and several of their metabolites. In addition, the antibody binds methyl benzimidazolecarbamate, a metabolite and breakdown product of the pesticide benomyl. The antibody was elicited from mice using the novel hapten methyl 5 (6)-[(carboxypentyl)-thio]-2-benzimidazolecarbamate and was used to develop an ELISA method that can detect multiple benzimidazole drug and pesticide residues at concentrations between 1 and 8 ppb. The ELISA provided the basis for quantification of drug residues in bovine liver using aqueous extraction. The sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites of albendazole and fenbendazole were readily extractable and quantifiable by this method. ELISA of liver tissue from cows treated with fenbendazole produced excellent agreement with the results of HPLC analysis. In bovine liver samples fortified with equal amounts of benzimidazole drug and sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites, the limits of detection were 58 ppb for the albendazole group and 120 ppb for the fenbendazole compounds. This sensitivity enables rapid identification of samples requiring residue-specific quantitative analysis. Since the ELISA method employs stable nonhazardous materials and reagents, it could be performed in the field for rapid screening of meat products for undesired residues. RP BRANDON, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY & HLTH RES UNIT,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 36 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1588 EP 1594 DI 10.1021/jf00043a039 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NY821 UT WOS:A1994NY82100039 ER PT J AU TEASLEY, RJ BERGSTROM, JC CORDELL, HK AF TEASLEY, RJ BERGSTROM, JC CORDELL, HK TI ESTIMATING REVENUE-CAPTURE POTENTIAL ASSOCIATED WITH PUBLIC AREA RECREATION SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE NONMARKET VALUATION; PUBLIC LAND MANAGEMENT; RESOURCE ECONOMICS ID CONTINGENT VALUATION; REFERENDUM DATA; MARKET GOODS; VALUES AB A traditional contingent valuation approach and the ''trip response method'' were examined as potential techniques for measuring public area recreation revenue-capture potential. Empirical results suggest that both methods are useful for assessing revenue-capture potential. Additional research on alternative methods for assessing recreation revenue-capture potential is encouraged. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,US FOREST SERV,SE EXPT STN,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP TEASLEY, RJ (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGR & APPL ECON,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 4 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 19 IS 1 BP 89 EP 101 PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA PB162 UT WOS:A1994PB16200008 ER PT J AU GOENAGA, R AF GOENAGA, R TI GROWTH, NUTRIENT-UPTAKE AND YIELD OF TANIER (XANTHOSOMA SPP) GROWN UNDER SEMIARID CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article AB There is little information regarding optimum water requirement for tanier grown under semiarid conditions with irrigation. A study was conducted to determine the growth, nutrient uptake and yield performance of tanier plants irrigated with the equivalent of fractions of evapotranspiration. The irrigation regimes were based on class A pan factors ranging from 0.33 to 1.32 with increments of 0.33. Tanier plants grown under field conditions were harvested for biomass production about every 6 weeks during the growing season. At each harvest, plants were separated into Various plant parts to determine dry matter accumulation, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Zn uptake and yield. During the first 278 days after planting, plants replenished with 99 and 132% of the water lost through evapotranspiration (WLET) exhibited similar total dry matter content; however, their dry matter content was significantly greater than that in plants supplied with 33 and 66% WLET. The amount of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Zn taken up by plants replenished with 99 and 132 WLET was similar, whereas the content of these nutrients in plants replenished with 33 and 66% WLET was considerably lower. The yield of plants replenished with 99% WLET was considerably greater than that of plants supplied with 33 and 66% WLET, but significantly lower than that from plants receiving 132% WLET Maximum cormel yields of 19,479 kg/ha were obtained from plants replenished with 132% WLET. RP GOENAGA, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP AGR RES STN,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00681, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUERTO RICO AGR EXP STA PI RIO PIEDRAS PA PUBLICATIONS SECTION VENEZUELA BRANCH, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00927 SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JUL-OCT PY 1994 VL 78 IS 3-4 BP 87 EP 98 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA RF389 UT WOS:A1994RF38900002 ER PT J AU BELLOWS, RA SHORT, RE STAIGMILLER, RB AF BELLOWS, RA SHORT, RE STAIGMILLER, RB TI EXERCISE AND INDUCED-PARTURITION EFFECTS ON DYSTOCIA AND REBREEDING IN BEEF-CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EXERCISE; PARTURITION; INDUCTION; BEEF CATTLE ID NUTRITION; TRAITS; DAM AB The study involved 44 primiparous, 2-yr-old heifers and 74 multiparous cows, 3 or 4 yr old, bred to a single Charolais bull. Variables were dam age (heifer, H; or cow, C), restricted (RE) or forced (FE) exercise for the last 90 d precalving, and natural (NP) or induced (IF) parturition. The RE dams were held in drylots; FE dams were on range until d 260 to 267 and walked 3.2 km/d for feed and water. Dams with IP received 10 mg of flumethazone on d 269 of gestation. Diets for FE and RE dams contained the same hay and grain, but FE dams were fed in amounts projected to give weight changes approximating those of RE dams. All dams were calved in drylots; thereafter, all pairs were maintained together on pasture to the end of the study. Exercise did not affect dystocia score or incidence, increased feed requirement 31% (P < .01), and gave a 14.8% higher (P < .05) pregnancy rate in the subsequent 45-d breeding season. We hypothesize the increased pregnancy may have resulted from a feed-endocrine effect related to body weight gain, body composition-metabolic changes, or subsequent higher feed intake. Induced calving shortened gestation length 8 d (P < .01), reduced calf birth wt 2.4 kg (P < .01), increased the incidence of retained fetal membranes (RFM) 60.3% (P < .01), increased interval from calving to first estrus 7.6 d (P < .05), and reduced calf weaning weight 6.9 kg (P < .15). Body weights and calf birth weights from C exceeded those of H (P < .05 to < .01), and more C (47.1%; P < .01) showed estrus by beginning of the breeding season and had 20.4-d shorter (P < .01) postpartum interval than H. We conclude that gestation exercise increased feed requirements, had no significant effect on parturition traits, and increased subsequent pregnancy rate; induced calving increased the incidence of RFM, increased the postpartum interval, and decreased subsequent pregnancy rate. RP BELLOWS, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1667 EP 1674 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NW977 UT WOS:A1994NW97700002 PM 7928745 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, JT HAUSMAN, GJ AF WRIGHT, JT HAUSMAN, GJ TI FLOW CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PORCINE PREADIPOCYTE REPLICATION SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ADIPOCYTES; CELL CYCLE; PIGS; PROPIDIUM IODIDE ID ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; CELLS AB In the present study, a technique is described for measuring proliferation of primary porcine preadipocytes. Cultures of stromal-vascular (S-V) cells from dorsal subcutaneous adipose tissue were maintained under several growth conditions. Cells were isolated from cultures at various times and DNA was labeled with propidium iodide (PI) and analyzed by flow cytometry. Treatment of cultures with colchicine allowed identification of S-V cells in mitosis. The relative proportion of replicating cells was dependent on several factors, including serum concentration and cell density at the time of harvest. Using the AD-1 anti-preadipocyte/adipocyte monoclonal antibody, the preadipocyte subpopulation within the S-V cells was identified. Furthermore, by labeling cells with PI concomitant with AD-1, the proportion of replicating preadipocytes was quantified. It is now possible to identify and quantify replicating preadipocytes rapidly under various experimental conditions. RP WRIGHT, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ANIM PHYSIOL UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1712 EP 1718 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NW977 UT WOS:A1994NW97700007 PM 7928750 ER PT J AU DAVIS, SL WEHR, NB LAIRD, DM HAMMOND, AC AF DAVIS, SL WEHR, NB LAIRD, DM HAMMOND, AC TI SERUM GROWTH HORMONE-BINDING PROTEIN (GHBP) IN DOMESTIC-ANIMALS AS MEASURED BY ELISA SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SOMATOTROPIN; BINDING PROTEINS; PIGS; CATTLE; SHEEP; ELISA ID INITIAL CHARACTERIZATION; RAT SERUM; FACTOR-I; RECEPTOR; IDENTIFICATION; PLASMA; CATTLE AB This research was conducted to develop and characterize a competitive ELISA for bovine serum growth hormone-binding protein (GHBP) using recombinant bovine GHBP and a polyclonal rabbit antiserum, In addition to bovine, however, the assay was found to measure some activity in equine, chicken, porcine, ovine, and human sera. The reference standard curve had an effective range of 3 to 200 ng/mL. Recovery of increasing amounts of GHBP added to ovine serum was 103% but seemed to overestimate the amount of GHBP at low concentrations (intercept = 2.5 ng/mL). Recovery from bovine and porcine serum was near ideal but seems to be overestimated at concentrations higher than 50 ng/mu L. Within and between assay coefficients of variation were 12.1 and 18.9%, respectively, for a sheep serum pool. Neither exogenous GH (20 ng/mL) nor prolactin (100 ng/mL) interfered with the measurement pf GHBP in serum. The GHBP activity measured in increasing doses of serum from ovine, porcine, and bovine inhibited the assay in a parallel manner. This observation suggests that the GHBP antiserum contains antibodies that are directed toward epitopes of GHBP, which are common among these species. C1 MONSANTO CO,MONSANTO CORP RES,ST LOUIS,MO 63167. USDA ARS,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34605. RP DAVIS, SL (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1719 EP 1727 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NW977 UT WOS:A1994NW97700008 PM 7928751 ER PT J AU VAREL, VH KREIKEMEIER, KK AF VAREL, VH KREIKEMEIER, KK TI INFLUENCE OF FEEDING ASPERGILLUS-ORYZAE FERMENTATION EXTRACT (AMAFERM) ON IN-SITU FIBER DEGRADATION, RUMINAL FERMENTATION, AND MICROBIAL PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS IN NONLACTATING COWS FED ALFALFA OR BROMEGRASS HAY SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE; RUMEN FERMENTATION; ALFALFA; BROMEGRASS ID SIMULATION TECHNIQUE RUSITEC; NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; RUMEN; CULTURE; CATTLE; DIGESTION; FLOW; MICROORGANISMS; DEGRADABILITY AB Daily additions of 3 g of Amaferm to alfalfa (13% CP) and bromegrass (6% CP) diets were evaluated for effects on ruminal and postruminal fiber and organic matter digestion, fermentation profile, and duodenal bacterial nitrogen flow. Eight beef cows were fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas. Two experiments were conducted. Eight cows were fed bromegrass hay, four received Amaferm and four served as controls; later, seven cows received alfalfa hay with three receiving Amaferm and four serving as controls. Each experiment lasted 28 d: d 1 to 14 for adaptation, d 15 to 21 for measurement of feed intake, and d 22 to 28 for ruminal and duodenal sampling. Dacron bags containing NDF substrate from alfalfa or bromegrass were used to determine ruminal fiber degradation at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. There were no Amaferm effects (P > .15) on rate or extent of fiber degradation in situ when bromegrass or alfalfa was fed. There were no Amaferm effects (P > .10) on concentrations or molar proportions of ruminal VFA, pH, or NH3 or on feed intake in either experiment. There were no effects (P > .10) of Amaferm on site or extent of organic matter or fiber digestion, or duodenal nitrogen flow in cows fed either bromegrass or alfalfa. Amaferm increased (P < .10) the number of ruminal anaerobic bacteria in cows fed bromegrass but not in those fed alfalfa. Amaferm did not affect (P > .10) the total number of cellulolytic bacteria in cows fed either diet; however, for cows that received bromegrass, Amaferm increased (P < .02) the proportion of Ruminococcus albus isolates from 21.7 to 33.3% of the total cellulolytics. Results indicate that Amaferm increased the number of total ruminal anaerobes when brome hay was fed; however, no affect on microbial protein synthesis or rate and extent of fiber degradation occurred. RP VAREL, VH (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1814 EP 1822 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NW977 UT WOS:A1994NW97700019 PM 7928761 ER PT J AU REID, RL PUOLI, JR JUNG, GA COXGANSER, JM MCCOY, A AF REID, RL PUOLI, JR JUNG, GA COXGANSER, JM MCCOY, A TI EVALUATION OF BRASSICAS IN GRAZING SYSTEMS FOR SHEEP .1. QUALITY OF FORAGE AND ANIMAL PERFORMANCE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BRASSICA; SHEEP; GRAZING; QUALITY; SYSTEMS ID TILLAGE; TURNIP; RAPE AB Four years of grazing trials were conducted with Brassica forages to evaluate their chemical composition and effect on ADG of fattening lambs and breeding ewes in late fall. Brassicas tested included kales (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC), turnips (B. rapa L.), and a chinese cabbage hybrid (B. rapa L. x B. pekinensis [Lour.] Rupr.). Daily gains of lambs varied widely among years (19 to 330 g/d); ADG on Brassicas were, however, generally higher than on stockpiled Kentucky 31 tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) or orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.)-red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) pastures grazed at the same time. In 1 yr, dietary supplementation of lambs grazing a hybrid turnip (Forage Star) with iodine and copper oxide needles improved (P < .05) ADG; however, there was no effect on gains in two later years. In 2 yr, lambs showed higher ADG on Tyfon chinese cabbage hybrid (241 and 330 g/d) than on Forage Star turnip (197 and 275 g/d) or stockpiled grass-clover (135 and 233 g/d), but yield of Tyfon was lower. Indications that supplementary hay improved ADG of lambs and ewes were not confirmed in the final year, in which hay increased (P < .05) ADG of lambs in the first 3 wk of grazing Brassicas but decreased gains later. Thyroid weights were increased (P < .01) consistently in all trials on Brassicas, but enlargement was modest and not related to ADG. Brassica forages provided high yields (5.6 to 10.5 t/ha) of DM in the late fall to early winter period, with high carrying capacity for sheep but large variability in ADG. C1 USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP REID, RL (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV ANIM & VET SCI,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1823 EP 1831 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NW977 UT WOS:A1994NW97700020 PM 7928762 ER PT J AU COXGANSER, JM JUNG, GA PUSHKIN, RT REID, RL AF COXGANSER, JM JUNG, GA PUSHKIN, RT REID, RL TI EVALUATION OF BRASSICAS IN GRAZING SYSTEMS FOR SHEEP .2. BLOOD COMPOSITION AND NUTRIENT STATUS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BRASSICA; SHEEP; GRAZING; BLOOD; HEALTH ID S-METHYLCYSTEINE SULFOXIDE; LAMBS; METABOLISM; FORAGE; ENERGY; COPPER; CATTLE; ANEMIA; ACIDS AB Blood composition of lambs grazing Brassicas and stockpiled grass or grass-clover pastures in the fall of 4 yr was monitored to assess possible effects of plant metabolites (e.g., glucosinolates, S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide) on health and performance. Serum thyroxine (T-4) concentrations in lambs grazing Brassicas decreased upon initiation of grazing, with a subsequent recovery, and concentrations were increased by oral dosing with I or I + CuO. Serum triidothyronine (T-3) increased gradually with time and did not differ between lambs on Brassicas and on pasture at most time periods. In Exp, 3 and 4, T-4 levels were lower in lambs grazing Tyfon chinese cabbage hybrid (Brassica rapa L. x B. pekinensis [Lour.] Rupr.) than in lambs on Forage Star hybrid turnip (B. rapa L.) Heinz body formation increased rapidly in lambs on Brassicas, with small decreases in packed cell volume (PCV); dosing with I + CuO reduced Heinz bodies in lambs on Tyfon and turnip pastures. In exp. 2, I + CuO treatment increased liver Cu concentrations but had no effect on serum Cu. Serum cholesterol and urea N concentrations declined rapidly in lambs on Brassicas, with little change in lambs on stockpiled pastures. Decreases in serum triglycerides, and an increase in glucose concentration, were noted in Exp. 3 and 4 in lambs grazing Tyfon and Forage Star turnip. Although a number of differences related to plant composition were noted in blood lambs grazing Brassica forages relative to stockpiled pastures, the changes did not seem sufficiently severe to affect animal performance. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV ANIM & VET SCI,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1832 EP 1841 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NW977 UT WOS:A1994NW97700021 PM 7928763 ER PT J AU WEESNER, GD MATTERI, RL AF WEESNER, GD MATTERI, RL TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF LUTEINIZING-HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE (LHRH) RECEPTOR CDNA IN THE PIG PITUITARY - RAPID COMMUNICATION SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE PIGS; LHRH; RECEPTORS; GNRH; DNA ID MOLECULAR-CLONING; EXPRESSION; GNRH RP WEESNER, GD (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT,ASRC S-107,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 5 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1911 EP 1911 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NW977 UT WOS:A1994NW97700032 PM 7928774 ER PT J AU REEVES, JB AF REEVES, JB TI INFLUENCE OF PH, IONIC-STRENGTH, AND PHYSICAL STATE ON THE NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRA OF MODEL COMPOUNDS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SILAGE AB The accuracy of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) when applied to high-moisture samples (i.e., silages) does not match that with dried materials. Previous work showed that the presence of water could cause shifts in the spectra of organic compounds, the degree of which depended on the material and the water concentration. For some solids, such as sugars, large spectral changes occur on dissolution. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pH, Ionic strength, and physical state on the NIR spectra of model compounds. The results show that pH has large effects on the spectra of amines and acids but little if any on the spectra of ketones, alcohols, and sugars. The spectra of peptides and proteins also were pH dependent, but that of cellulose was not. Ionic strength differences (deionized water vs saturated NaCl solution as the diluting media) had only minor or no effect on the spectra of the materials studied. The effect of physical state was far more complicated; the spectra of freeze-dried glucose and glycine were different from that of the crystalline forms, but the spectrum of serine was not. The spectra of molten compounds often appeared like those of solutions. These results, in agreement with earlier work, may explain the poorer performance of NIRS with wet materials compared with dry samples. They also have serious implications for the analysis of dried samples, if pH, ionic strength, or drying method varies among samples. RP REEVES, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BLDG 200,RM 126,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 77 IS 4 BP 814 EP 820 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NY376 UT WOS:A1994NY37600008 ER PT J AU TATE, DF AGAHIGIAN, H BISCAK, R CREPIN, B CULMO, R CURRAN, G FLOCK, M GEIB, P JINKS, B JONES, D KANE, P KAUFMAN, B LONGMIRE, W MULLINS, S NEUMANN, R NEWLON, N NICHOLS, J NUZZO, J OBERT, B OECKINGHAUS, R PABST, V PYLES, M RANSDELL, P SANDERS, B SAYLOR, B SENSMEIR, R SOLTYS, M SPAER, S STILWELL, D STJOHN, A STORER, D SWANSON, K WOODEN, M AF TATE, DF AGAHIGIAN, H BISCAK, R CREPIN, B CULMO, R CURRAN, G FLOCK, M GEIB, P JINKS, B JONES, D KANE, P KAUFMAN, B LONGMIRE, W MULLINS, S NEUMANN, R NEWLON, N NICHOLS, J NUZZO, J OBERT, B OECKINGHAUS, R PABST, V PYLES, M RANSDELL, P SANDERS, B SAYLOR, B SENSMEIR, R SOLTYS, M SPAER, S STILWELL, D STJOHN, A STORER, D SWANSON, K WOODEN, M TI DETERMINATION OF NITROGEN IN FERTILIZER BY COMBUSTION - COLLABORATIVE STUDY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB Fourteen laboratories participated in a collaborative study to compare abilities of AOAC modified copper catalyst Kjeldahl method, 978.02, and the generic combustion method, 990.03, to analyze the nitrogen content of fertilizer materials. Combustion analyses are more time efficient, more accurate, and less hazardous than Kjeldahl analyses. There were 3 different types of instrumentation involved in the collaborative study: (1) Leco FP-428 Nitrogen Determinator; (2) Perkin-Elmer 2410 Series II Nitrogen Analyzer; (3) Carlo-Erba 1500 Series II Nitrogen Analyzer. Thirty samples of fertilizer containing 167% N included 2 ACS grade standard materials: ammonium nitrate, theory 35.00% N; and dicyandiamide, theory 66.64% N. A diammonium phosphate and urea mixture (3 + 1; 1.0 mm grind) and 2 ACS grade standard materials of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate were supplied for repetitive combustion analyses. Overall method performance of the combustion method was at least as good as the modified Kjeldahl method. Repeatability standard deviation (S(r)) values for the combustion method ranged from 0.09 to 0.34 vs the modified Kjeldahl method range of 0.06-0.49; reproducibility standard deviation (S(R)) values for the combustion method ranged from 0.13 to 1.07 vs the range of 0.09-3.57 for the modified Kjeldahl method. The grand mean was 20.78% for the combustion method, and 20.79% for the modified Kjeldahl method using various fertilizers. The average ranges Of S(r) and S(R) for the methods were, respectively, 0.17 and 0.29 for the combustion method, and 0.19 and 0.54 for the modified Kjeldahl method. The method was adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL. C1 ILLINOIS DEPT AGR,DIV PLANT IND & CONSUMER SERV,GEN CHEM LAB,SPRINGFIELD,IL 62794. BARON CONSULTING CO,ORANGE,CT. USDA,FGIS TECH CTR,KANSAS CITY,MO. NORTHWEST LABS,EDMONTON,AB,CANADA. PERKIN ELMER APPLICAT LAB,NORWALK,CT. BROOKSIDE FARMS LAB ASSOC INC,NEW KNOXVILLE,OH. AGRICO CHEM CO,WASHINGTON CRT HSE,OH. N DAKOTA DEPT HLTH & CONSOLIDATED LABS,BISMARCK,ND. PURDUE UNIV,OFF INDIANA STATE CHEMIST,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. GAILBRAITH LABS INC,KNOXVILLE,TN. A&L GREAT LAKES LABS,FT WAYNE,IN. ROBERTSON LAB INC,MADISON,NJ. CONNECTICUT AGR EXPT STN,NEW HAVEN,CT 06504. IAMS,CENT LAB,LEWISBURG,OH. ILLINOIS DEPT AGR,DIV PICS,SPRINGFIELD,IL. NR 6 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 77 IS 4 BP 829 EP 839 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NY376 UT WOS:A1994NY37600010 ER PT J AU PAULSON, GD FEIL, VJ ZAYLSKIE, RG GIDDINGS, JM SLANGER, WD AF PAULSON, GD FEIL, VJ ZAYLSKIE, RG GIDDINGS, JM SLANGER, WD TI DEPLETION OF RESIDUES FROM MILK AND BLOOD OF COWS DOSED ORALLY AND INTRAVENOUSLY WITH SULFAMETHAZINE SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SWINE; ANIMALS; TISSUE AB Cows were dosed orally (n = 4) or intravenously (n = 4) with sulfamethazine [sulmet; 4-amino-N-(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl) benzenesuffonamide] for 5 consecutive days (220 mg/kg of body weight on day 1 and 110 mg/kg on days 2-5). The concentrations of sulmet, N4-acetylsulfamethazine (Ac-sulmet), and the N4-lactose conjugate of sulfamethazine (lac-sulmet) were measured in milk and blood collected at 24 h intervals after the last doses of sulmet were given. The method of analysis included (1) spiking of samples with known amounts of C-13(6)-labeled reference compounds, (2) resolution of the 3 compounds by reversed-phase chromatography, (3) hydrolysis of lacsulmet, (4) treatment with diazomethane to yield N1-methyl derivatives, and (5) gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The ratios of intensities of mass spectral ions containing C-12(6) and the corresponding ions containing C-13(6), were used for residue quantitation. Sulmet, which was always the most abundant residue in the blood, decreased to less than 100 ppb 4 days after the last doses were given and to less than 10 ppb 7 days after the last doses. The concentrations of sulmet in milk were approximately one fifth the concentrations of sulmet in blood. The concentrations of lac-sulmet and Ac-sulmet in milk lower than the concentrations of sulmet in milk. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. RP PAULSON, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58102, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 77 IS 4 BP 895 EP 900 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NY376 UT WOS:A1994NY37600021 PM 8069119 ER PT J AU WILSON, RT GRONECK, JM HOLLAND, KP HENRY, AC AF WILSON, RT GRONECK, JM HOLLAND, KP HENRY, AC TI DETERMINATION OF CLENBUTEROL IN CATTLE, SHEEP, AND SWINE TISSUES BY ELECTRON IONIZATION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID BOVINE URINE AB A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric procedure is described for the quantitation and confirmation of clenbuterol residues from cattle, sheep, and swine tissues. After liquid-liquid extraction and derivatization with phosgene in an aqueous pH 10.1 buffer, the cyclic oxazolidone derivative is quantitated with a clenbuterol analogue as internal standard (NAB-760 Cl). Confirmation is accomplished by comparison of ion ratios with those of a pure synthesized standard of clenbuterol oxazolidin-3-one obtained by selected ion monitoring, electron ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry on a benchtop instrument. Statistical information based on a series of standard curves for fortified tissues is included to describe method performance. Ion ratio variations were under 15%, and coefficients of variation for spiked tissue standard curves were above 0.997. Recoveries averaged 87.1 +/- 6.6% for liver tissues across all 3 species and 67.1 +/- 3.8% for muscle tissue across all 3 species. RP WILSON, RT (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,MIDWESTERN LAB,POB 5080,ST LOUIS,MO 63115, USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 77 IS 4 BP 917 EP 924 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NY376 UT WOS:A1994NY37600025 PM 8069123 ER PT J AU LYNCH, JM BARBANO, DM HEALY, PA FLEMING, JR AF LYNCH, JM BARBANO, DM HEALY, PA FLEMING, JR TI PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE BABCOCK AND ETHER EXTRACTION METHODS - 1989 THROUGH 1992 SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB Results of the collaborative studies of the performance of the Babcock method (989.04) and the modified Mojonnier ether extraction method (989.05) for the determination of the fat content of raw milk were published in 1988. Method performances were characterized by using the harmonized International Organization for Standardization-International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry-Association of Official Analytical Chemists (ISO/IUPAC/AOAC) guidelines for method validation, and the methods were approved official first action. During 1989 through 1992, the split-sample collaborative study format was used to monitor the performance of these methods as a part of an ongoing quality assurance program for a group of laboratories. Seven blind duplicate samples of raw milk were sent from a central laboratory once every 2 months to each participating laboratory (11 to 17 laboratories). Data were analyzed by using the same statistical procedures used in the 1988 study. Over time, both the within- and between-laboratory performances of both methods were as good as or, in most cases, better than the results from 1988. The data demonstrate that the statistical protocol for collaborative studies can be used effectively as the basis for a multilaboratory quality assurance program and that the method performance achieved in a collaborative study can be maintained and even improved with time. C1 USDA,AGR MKT SERV,GREATER KANSAS CITY MILK MKT,LENEXA,KS 66215. USDA,AGR MKT SERV,TEXAS MILK MKT AREA,CARROLLTON,TX 75006. RP LYNCH, JM (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,NE DAIRY RES CTR,DEPT FOOD SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 77 IS 4 BP 976 EP 981 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NY376 UT WOS:A1994NY37600036 ER PT J AU PENSABENE, JW FIDDLER, W AF PENSABENE, JW FIDDLER, W TI GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC THERMAL-ENERGY ANALYZER METHOD FOR N-NITROSODIBENZYLAMINE IN HAMS PROCESSED IN ELASTIC RUBBER NETTING SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID NITROSAMINES; PRODUCTS AB We previously described a solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure for determining volatile nitrosamines in hams processed in elastic rubber nettings. This same procedure was found to successfully isolate N-nitrosodibenzylamine (NDBzA), a semi-volatile nitrosamine. This nitrosamine may form as a result of the reformulated rubber now used in nettings. Reformulation became necessary because of the reported presence of N-nitrosodibutylamine in both the old nettings and on the exterior portion of commercial hams. After SPE, NDBzA was quantitated by using a gas chromatographic (GC) system interfaced to a nitrosamine-specific chemiluminescence detector [thermal energy analyzer (TEA)]. The GC system was equipped with a heated interface external to the TEA furnace to facilitate quantitation of NDBzA. With separation on a packed column, the method can be used to analyze 10 volatile nitrosamines and NDBzA. Repeatability of the method for NDBzA was found to be 2.1 ppb, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 10.6%. Analysis of 18 commercial hams from 9 different producers, purchased from local retailers, indicated that 12 were positive for NDBzA (range, 2.6-128.5 ppb). NDBzA was confirmed by GC/mass spectrometry. RP PENSABENE, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 77 IS 4 BP 981 EP 984 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NY376 UT WOS:A1994NY37600037 PM 8069131 ER PT J AU RYAN, FJ AF RYAN, FJ TI NITROGEN AND CARBON CONCENTRATIONS, SOLUBLE-PROTEINS AND FREE AMINO-ACIDS IN SUBTERRANEAN TURIONS OF HYDRILLA DURING OVERWINTERING SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE HYDRILLA VERTICILLATA; NITROGEN COMPOSITION; STORAGE ORGANS ID MONOECIOUS HYDRILLA; EASTERN COTTONWOOD; AUTUMNAL CHANGES; PERENNIAL WEEDS; BLACK ALDER; GROWTH; VERTICILLATA; ROOTS; GERMINATION; TEMPERATURE AB The forms of nitrogen in subterranean turions of both biotypes of hydrilla found in the U. S. were quantified monthly from December 1989 to April 1990. Mean concentrations of free amino acids in subterranean turions ranged from 33.5 to 83.7 and 42.3 to 58.4 nmoles (mg dry weight)(-1) for the monoecious and dioecious biotypes, respectively. Concentrations of soluble proteins in subterranean turions ranged from 19.9 to 28.3 and 15.7 to 22.7 mu g (mg dry weight)(-1) for turions of the monoecious and dioecious biotype, respectively. There were no significant linear time-dependent changes in the concentrations of free amino acids or soluble proteins during the overwintering period. Asparagine, alanine and arginine were major free amino acids in turions of both biotypes in October and April. Carbon concentrations decreased from 42 to 39% between December and April for turions of either biotype, while nitrogen concentrations fell from 1.41% to 1.21% for monoecious turions, with an approximately equivalent change in nitrogen composition for dioecious turions. RP RYAN, FJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,AQUAT WEED RES LAB,ROBBINS HALL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 32 BP 67 EP 70 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QD847 UT WOS:A1994QD84700004 ER PT J AU SPENCER, DF KSANDER, GG AF SPENCER, DF KSANDER, GG TI PHENOLIC-ACID CONTENT OF VEGETATIVE PROPAGULES OF POTAMOGETON SPP AND HYDRILLA-VERTICILLATA SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE PONDWEEDS; PLANT DEFENSE; TISSUE NITROGEN; TISSUE CARBON; TURIONS; WINTER BUDS ID DISEASE RESISTANCE; NITROGEN; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; MANAGEMENT; PATHOGENS; EELGRASS; PLANTS; GROWTH; WEED AB Plant phenols serve as defenses against attack by microorganisms and herbivores. Phenolic acid content of propagules of submersed aquatic plants were measured for three Potamogeton species and two biotypes of Hydrilla verticillata. Mean phenolic acid content ranged from 6.9 +/- 0.9 (mean +/- standard error) to 53.1 +/- 7.3 mu M g dw(-1). Turions of monoecious Hydrilla verticillata had the lo west phenolic acid content while Potamogeton gramineus winter buds had the highest phenolic acid content. In general Potamogeton propagules had higher phenol contents than Hydrilla propagules. Within species there was no significant negative relationship between propagule nitrogen content (%) and phenolic acid content, but across species phenolic acid content increased with increasing nitrogen content. This information will be useful in assessing the susceptibility of aquatic weeds to biological control techniques. RP SPENCER, DF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,AQUAT WEED CONTROL RES LAB,PLANT BIOL SECT,ROBBINS HALL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 32 BP 71 EP 73 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QD847 UT WOS:A1994QD84700005 ER PT J AU KARLSON, U FRANKENBERGER, WT SPENCER, WF AF KARLSON, U FRANKENBERGER, WT SPENCER, WF TI PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DIMETHYL SELENIDE AND DIMETHYL DISELENIDE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB Volatilization of selenium (Se) is a dissipation mechanism by which gaseous Se is redistributed in the environment. The vapor pressures of dimethyl selenide (DMSe) and dimethyl diselenide (DMDSe) were determined using the isoteniscope method, and the solubility of DMSe in H2O was determined in a closed system by headspace analysis. The vapor pressures at 25-degrees-C were 32.03 and 0.38 kPa for DMSe and DMDSe, respectively. The enthalpies of vaporization were calculated as 31.90 and 74.92 kJ mol-1, respectively. The solubility of DMSe was 0.0244 g/g of H2O. The Henry's law constant for DMSe was calculated as 143 kPa kg mol-1 (0.144 kPa m3 mol-1). C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. NATL ENVIRONM RES INST,DEPT MARINE ECOL & MICROBIOL,DK-4000 ROSKILDE,DENMARK. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,USDA ARS,USSL,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. NR 13 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JUL PY 1994 VL 39 IS 3 BP 608 EP 610 DI 10.1021/je00015a049 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA NX543 UT WOS:A1994NX54300049 ER PT J AU PETROSKI, RJ BARTELT, RJ VETTER, RS AF PETROSKI, RJ BARTELT, RJ VETTER, RS TI MALE-PRODUCED AGGREGATION PHEROMONE OF CARPOPHILUS-OBSOLETUS (COLEOPTERA, NITIDULIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARPOPHILUS-OBSOLETUS; SAP BEETLE; COLEOPTERA; NITIDULIDAE; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; HYDROCARBON; TETRAENE; DATE ID DRIEDFRUIT BEETLE; SAP BEETLES; HEMIPTERUS; IDENTIFICATION; HYDROCARBONS; TETRAENE; LUGUBRIS AB Males of Carpophilus obsoletus Erichson produce an aggregation pheromone to which both sexes respond. The pheromone was identified by GC-MS as (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,5,7-trimethyl-2,4,6,8-undecatetraene (1), which is also a minor constituent of the pheromone blends of C. hemipterus (L.), C. freemani Dobson, and C.lugubris Murray. The pheromone was synergized in wind-tunnel bioassays by propyl acetate, a ''host-type'' coattractant. In a dose-response study, 50 pg of 1, plus propyl acetate, was significantly more attractive than just propyl acetate. Pheromone emission from groups of 65 males, feeding on artificial diet, averaged 2.2 ng/male/day. Emissions from individual males were larger, averaging 72 ng/day and ranging as high as 388 ng/day. Synthetic 1 was tested in a date garden in southern California (500 mug/rubber septum), using fermenting whole-wheat bread dough as the coattractant. The pheromone plus dough attracted significantly more beetles than dough alone (means were 4.2 and 0.0 beetles per week per trap). Captured beetles were 54% females. Field trap catches were highest during the months of July and August. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT ENTOMOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP PETROSKI, RJ (reprint author), NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,USDA,AGR RES SERV,BIOACT CONSTITUENTS RES GRP,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1483 EP 1493 DI 10.1007/BF02059874 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NW069 UT WOS:A1994NW06900005 PM 24242645 ER PT J AU NOLTE, DL MASON, JR EPPLE, G ARONOV, E CAMPBELL, DL AF NOLTE, DL MASON, JR EPPLE, G ARONOV, E CAMPBELL, DL TI WHY ARE PREDATOR URINES AVERSIVE TO PREY SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE APLODONTIA-RUFA; AVOIDANCE; CANIS-LATRANS; CAVIA-PORCELLUS; COYOTE; GUINEA PIG; MOUSE; MOUNTAIN BEAVER; MUS-MUSCULUS; PREDATOR ODORS; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; URINE ID HARES LEPUS-AMERICANUS; REDUCE FEEDING DAMAGE; BLACK-TAILED DEER; CHEMICAL SCENT CONSTITUENTS; STOAT MUSTELA-ERMINEA; ODORS; REPELLENTS; HERBIVORES; RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR AB Predator odors often repel prey species. In the present experiments, we investigated whether changes in the diet of a predator, the coyote (Canis latrans) would affect the repellency of its urine. Furthermore, because predator odors have a high sulfur content, reflecting large amounts of meat in the diet, we investigated the contribution of sulfurous odors to repellency. Our results were consistent with the hypothesis that diet composition and sulfurous metabolites of meat digestion are important for the repellency of predator odors to potential prey. C1 MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP NOLTE, DL (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,1835 BLACK LAKE BLVD,OLYMPIA,WA 98512, USA. NR 33 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 3 U2 38 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1505 EP 1516 DI 10.1007/BF02059876 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NW069 UT WOS:A1994NW06900007 PM 24242647 ER PT J AU ELLER, FJ BARTELT, RJ SHASHA, BS SCHUSTER, DJ RILEY, DG STANSLY, PA MUELLER, TF SHULER, KD JOHNSON, B DAVIS, JH SUTHERLAND, CA AF ELLER, FJ BARTELT, RJ SHASHA, BS SCHUSTER, DJ RILEY, DG STANSLY, PA MUELLER, TF SHULER, KD JOHNSON, B DAVIS, JH SUTHERLAND, CA TI AGGREGATION PHEROMONE FOR THE PEPPER WEEVIL, ANTHONOMUS-EUGENII CANO (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) - IDENTIFICATION AND FIELD ACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ATTRACTANT; ALCOHOL; ALDEHYDE; GERANIC ACID; MONITORING; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; ANTHONOMUS-EUGENII; PEPPER WEEVIL; COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE ID MELLIFERA L HYMENOPTERA; NASONOV PHEROMONE; BOLL-WEEVILS; GRANDIS; COMPONENT; BIOASSAY; APIDAE AB This study describes the identification of an aggregation pheromone for the pepper weevil, Anthonomus eugenii and field trials of a synthetic pheromone blend. Volatile collections and gas chromatography revealed the presence of six male-specific compounds. These compounds were identified using chromatographic and spectral techniques as: (Z)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)ethanol, (E)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene(ethanol, (Z)-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)acetaldehyde, (E)-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)acetaldehyde, (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienoic acid (geranic acid), and (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol (geraniol). The emission rates of these compounds from feeding males were determined to be about: 7.2, 4.8. 0.45, 0.30, 2.0, and 0.30 mug/male/day, respectively. Sticky traps baited with a synthetic blend of these compounds captured more pepper weevils (both sexes) than did unbaited control traps or pheromone-baited boll weevil traps. Commercial and laboratory formulations of the synthetic pheromone were both attractive. However, the commercial formulation did not release geranic acid property, and geranic acid is necessary for full activity. The pheromones of the pepper weevil and the boll weevil are compared. Improvements for increasing trap efficiency and possible uses for the pepper weevil pheromone are discussed. A convenient method for purifying geranic acid is also described. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,GULF COAST RES & EDUC CTR,IFAS,BRADENTON,FL 34203. TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,WESLACO,TX 78596. UNIV FLORIDA,SW FLORIDA RES & EDUC CTR,IFAS,IMMOKALEE,FL 33934. COLLIER ENTERPRISES INC,IMMOKALEE,FL 33934. PALM BEACH CTY COOPERAT EXTENS SERV,W PALM BEACH,FL 33415. ADV AG INC,LOXAHATCHEE,FL 33470. NEW MEXICO DEPT AGR,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP ELLER, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,MWA,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOACT CONSTITUENTS RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 38 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 11 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1537 EP 1555 DI 10.1007/BF02059879 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NW069 UT WOS:A1994NW06900010 PM 24242650 ER PT J AU GUERRA, AA MARTINEZ, S DELRIO, HS AF GUERRA, AA MARTINEZ, S DELRIO, HS TI NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC OVIPOSITION STIMULANTS FOR CATOLACCUS-GRANDIS (BURKS) FEMALES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OVIPOSITIONAL STIMULANTS; CATOLACCUS-GRANDIS; HYMENOPTERA; PTEROMALIDAE; SHORT-CHAIN HYDROCARBONS; ARTIFICIAL DIET; KAIROMONES; SYNOMONES ID BRACON-MELLITOR; PLANT; PARASITOIDS AB Oviposition behavior was elicited from Catolaccus grandis (Burks) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) females, an ectoparasitoid of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), by smears of freshly cut cotton bolls or smears of extracts prepared with boll weevil damaged or undamaged cotton boll tissues. Oviposition behavior was also elicited from C. grandis females by smears made with n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, and isooctane. This is the first report of oviposition behavior elicited for any parasitoid by these short-chain saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes), introducing a new concept on the chemical mediation of parasitoid behavior during host selection. Oviposition behavior was also elicited from C. grandis females by volatiles emanating from an artificial diet devoid of insect components that was specifically developed for the in vitro rearing of ectoparasitoids. The possible use of a synergistic combination of n-hexane and diet to optimize the mechanized production of noncontaminated eggs is also discussed. RP GUERRA, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BCPRU,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1583 EP 1594 DI 10.1007/BF02059882 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NW069 UT WOS:A1994NW06900013 PM 24242653 ER PT J AU HAYES, JL STROM, BL ROTON, LM INGRAM, LL AF HAYES, JL STROM, BL ROTON, LM INGRAM, LL TI REPELLENT PROPERTIES OF THE HOST COMPOUND 4-ALLYLANISOLE TO THE SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; PINUS; HOST COMPOUND; 4-ALLYLANISOLE; REPELLENT; SEMIOCHEMICAL; VERBENONE; INHIBITOR ID IPS-PARACONFUSUS COLEOPTERA; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS COLEOPTERA; BARK BEETLES; LODGEPOLE PINE; PONDEROSA PINE; SCOLYTIDAE INFESTATIONS; BEHAVIORAL CHEMICALS; PRIMARY ATTRACTION; BREVICOMIS; PHEROMONE AB The phenylpropanoid 4-allylanisole is a compound produced by loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.), an abundant species in southern pine forests and a preferred host of southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann). Repellency of individual beetles was demonstrated in laboratory behavioral assays of D. frontalis and other scolytids. Inhibition was demonstrated in natural populations of D. frontalis using baited traps. In both tests, response to the inhibitory pheromone verbenone was used for comparison. In the laboratory, a higher proportion of newly emerged and reemerged D. frontalis responded negatively to 4-allylanisole than to verbenone. However, fewer reemergent than newly emerged individuals responded to either compound. In all field trials, the response of D. frontalis to its attractant pheromone in funnel traps was significantly reduced by simultaneous release of 4-allylanisole. In most trials total reduction did not differ from verbenone; however, unlike verbenone, 4-allylanisole reduced male and female catches proportionally. Both compounds together did not significantly further reduce trap catch. The response of a major predator, Thanasimus dubius (F.), to the attractant pheromone of D. frontalis, did not differ with the simultaneous release of either verbenone or 4-allylanisole. The results of preliminary field applications are presented and discussed. C1 MISSISSIPPI FOREST PROD UTILIZAT LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS. RP HAYES, JL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 65 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1595 EP 1615 DI 10.1007/BF02059883 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NW069 UT WOS:A1994NW06900014 PM 24242654 ER PT J AU HELLER, SR AF HELLER, SR TI SPECTOOL SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article RP HELLER, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC W,INFORMAT PROJECT,BLDG 005,ROOM 337,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1026 EP 1026 DI 10.1021/ci00020a604 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA PB273 UT WOS:A1994PB27300046 ER PT J AU MOTIL, KJ SCHULTZ, R BROWN, B GLAZE, DG PERCY, AK AF MOTIL, KJ SCHULTZ, R BROWN, B GLAZE, DG PERCY, AK TI ALTERED ENERGY-BALANCE MAY ACCOUNT FOR GROWTH FAILURE IN RETT-SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CEREBRAL-PALSY; CHILDREN; MALNUTRITION AB To determine whether alterations in energy balance account for growth failure in Rett syndrome, we measured dietary energy intakes, fecal fat losses, activity patterns, and sleeping as well as quietly and actively awake metabolic rates in Rett syndrome girls and healthy controls. Dietary energy intakes and fecal fat losses did not differ between the groups. Metabolic rates while sleeping and quietly awake were 23% lower (P < .05) in Rett syndrome girls than in controls; metabolic rates while actively awake did not differ between the groups. However, because of the 2.4-fold greater time (P < .001) spent in involuntary motor movement, energy expenditure associated with activity was twofold greater (P < .05) in Rett syndrome girls than in controls. Although total daily energy expenditure of the two groups did not differ significantly, energy balance was less positive in the Rett syndrome girls than in the controls. This small difference in energy balance, if sustained over months to years, is sufficient to account for growth failure in Rett syndrome girls. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,RETT CTR,DEPT NEUROL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP MOTIL, KJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,RETT CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,110 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1 RR-00188]; NICHD NIH HHS [5 PO1 HD24234] NR 26 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON STREET SOUTH PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON ON L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 9 IS 3 BP 315 EP 319 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA PG168 UT WOS:A1994PG16800015 PM 7930413 ER PT J AU PARKS, OW MAXWELL, RJ AF PARKS, OW MAXWELL, RJ TI ISOLATION OF SULFONAMIDES FROM FORTIFIED CHICKEN TISSUES WITH SUPERCRITICAL CO2 AND IN-LINE ADSORPTION SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FLUID EXTRACTION RP PARKS, OW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 6 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 32 IS 7 BP 290 EP 293 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA NW808 UT WOS:A1994NW80800009 PM 8063887 ER PT J AU LI, H SHEN, DT KNOWLES, DP GORHAM, JR CRAWFORD, TB AF LI, H SHEN, DT KNOWLES, DP GORHAM, JR CRAWFORD, TB TI COMPETITIVE-INHIBITION ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY FOR ANTIBODY IN SHEEP AND OTHER RUMINANTS TO A CONSERVED EPITOPE OF MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; IGG; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS AB Malignant catarrhal fever (MCP) is a severe, usually fatal, acute systemic disease syndrome of certain domestic and wild ruminants caused by members of the family Gammaherpesvirinae. Two distinct but closely related viruses cause clinically indistinguishable syndromes: one that is indigenous to the wildebeest and the other that apparently is indigenous to domestic sheep. Neither the pathogenesis nor the epidemiology of sheep-associated MCF (SA-MCF) is understood, primarily because of a lack of adequate detection methods for the etiologic agent or antibody against it. No acceptably documented isolates of SA-MCF virus have been reported, and existing antibody assays suffer from significant cross-reactivity with other viruses. As a basis for a specific serologic assay, an attempt was made to identify an epitope conserved among all isolates of MCF viruses, by using a monoclonal antibody (MAb) produced against a previously reported U.S. isolate of MCF virus. A MAb (15-A) which bound a conserved epitope present on all four isolates of MCF virus examined was found. MAb 15-A did not react with eight common sheep and goat viruses or five common bovine viruses. Immunoprecipitation revealed that the 15-A epitope was located on the viral glycoprotein complex, with molecular masses of 115, 110, 105, 78, and 45 kDa. Sera from experimentally and naturally infected animals which yielded a similar glycoprotein complex immunoprecipitation pattern competed with MAb 15-A for its epitope. A competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on MAb 15-A was therefore developed. The assay detected antibody in inapparently infected sheep and in cattle, deer, and bison with clinical MCF. Of the 149 serum samples from sheep associated with MCF outbreaks, 88 (55%) were seropositive by competitive inhibition ELISA. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 43 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1674 EP 1679 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NR924 UT WOS:A1994NR92400011 PM 7523438 ER PT J AU KWANG, J TORRES, JV AF KWANG, J TORRES, JV TI OLIGOPEPTIDE-BASED ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY FOR OVINE LENTIVIRUS ANTIBODY DETECTION SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MAEDI-VISNA VIRUS; PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA; IMMUNODIFFUSION TEST; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; ELISA; SHEEP; GENE AB Ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) is a lentivirus which causes a progressive disease in sheep. Immunodominant epitopes have been identified in the envelope gp40 glycoprotein. Synthetic peptides representing these regions are able to detect the presence of OPPV antibodies in 96% of infected sheep. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT MED MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP KWANG, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1813 EP 1815 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NR924 UT WOS:A1994NR92400038 PM 7929780 ER PT J AU HORST, RL GOFF, JP REINHARDT, TA AF HORST, RL GOFF, JP REINHARDT, TA TI SYMPOSIUM - CALCIUM-METABOLISM AND UTILIZATION - CALCIUM AND VITAMIN-D METABOLISM IN THE DAIRY-COW SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM; VITAMIN-D; PARATHYROID HORMONE; MILK FEVER ID CATION-ANION BALANCE; RETINOID-X-RECEPTOR; HYPOCALCEMIC PARTURIENT PARESIS; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; MILK FEVER; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3 RECEPTOR; DIETARY CALCIUM; THYROID-HORMONE; AMMONIUM-CHLORIDE; NUCLEAR RECEPTOR AB Most dairy cows experience some degree of hypocalcemia during the periparturient period. There is, however, a subgroup of dairy cows that experience a breakdown in their ability to maintain plasma calcium and, consequently, suffer, from severe hypocalcemia. This condition is also known as milk fever and usually occurs in cows in their third or greater lactation. The precise metabolic lesions responsible for the onset of milk fever have not yet been defined. Research has shown that milk fever is not the result of inadequate production of calcitropic hormones (parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D), but rather is more likely a result of inadequate receptor numbers or receptor dysfunction in the target cell of these hormones. This report reviews vitamin D and calcium metabolism, giving emphasis to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor regulation and function as related to the periparturient dairy cow. The report also focuses on providing insights into nutritional (anionic diets) and endocrine strategies that have proved useful in milk fever management. RP HORST, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 95 TC 117 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 77 IS 7 BP 1936 EP 1951 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA NW358 UT WOS:A1994NW35800023 PM 7929956 ER PT J AU WIGGANS, GR AF WIGGANS, GR TI SYMPOSIUM - MEETING THE INFORMATION NEEDS OF THE DAIRY-INDUSTRY - MEETING THE NEEDS AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL FOR GENETIC EVALUATION AND HEALTH MONITORING SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GENETIC EVALUATION; INFORMATION; HEALTH MONITORING; NATIONAL NEEDS ID MODEL AB National dairy data can contribute to improved management decisions. Animals can be ranked nationally for, selection decisions, and success of various management practices and environments in supporting profitable production and in minimizing disease incidence can be determined. Baseline information is useful for analyzing farm business status. Genetic evaluations depend on accurate recording of parentage, production, and environmental factors. Epidemiological data should be representative of the entire population. Data collection can be accomplished through periodic contribution of producer records to a central site or by national record keeping through service agencies. In addition to DHIA supervisors, who presently collect most dairy data, consultants and veterinarians also should contribute information. Surveys may be needed for some health and financial data. Collection of data from many sources can be made efficient by standardizing formats for data exchange. Present processing power of personal computers and availability of electronic linkages enable on-farm record processing. Regional processing centers could emphasize accumulation of national summary data and development and support of on-farm systems. With appropriate organization, the cost of contributing on-farm information to a national database should be small. Resulting management, genetic, and health information provided to the dairy industry should provide benefits sufficient to motivate financial and time investments by dairy producers. RP WIGGANS, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 77 IS 7 BP 1976 EP 1983 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA NW358 UT WOS:A1994NW35800026 PM 7929959 ER PT J AU SCHUTZ, MM AF SCHUTZ, MM TI GENETIC EVALUATION OF SOMATIC-CELL SCORES FOR UNITED-STATES DAIRY-CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SOMATIC CELLS; MASTITIS; GENETIC EVALUATIONS ID MILK-YIELD; ANIMAL-MODEL; CLINICAL MASTITIS; TRAITS; COUNTS; SELECTION; PARAMETERS; INFECTION; LACTATION; HOLSTEINS AB Increases in milk yield from genetic selection may be accompanied by correlated increases in genetic susceptibility to clinical mastitis and somatic cells. Unlike clinical mastitis, somatic cell scores can be easily determined and recorded and are related to milk loss from subclinical mastitis. Selection against high somatic cell scores should decrease incidence of clinical mastitis and provide direct economic benefits through higher milk quality premiums. Genetic evaluation for lactation means of linear somatic cell scores has been implemented by USDA and parallels that for yield traits. Because additive genetics accounts for only about 10% of differences in somatic cell scores among cows, more information is needed for the same degree of confidence in genetic estimates as for yield. Only 80% of DHIA cows currently have somatic cell records. Thus, reliabilities of somatic cell evaluations are smaller than those for yield traits. Most progress in selection for lower somatic cell scores will come through sires of cows considered as bull dams. Somatic cell evaluations may best be reported through an economic index with a small amount of emphasis on somatic cell score relative to yield traits. Greater emphasis on somatic cell scores would decrease genetic gain in yield traits, which are economically more important. RP SCHUTZ, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 72 TC 89 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 77 IS 7 BP 2113 EP 2129 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA NW358 UT WOS:A1994NW35800037 PM 7929969 ER PT J AU WEBB, RE MCLANE, WH FINNEY, JA VENABLES, L WHITE, GB WIEBER, AM COHEN, DL AF WEBB, RE MCLANE, WH FINNEY, JA VENABLES, L WHITE, GB WIEBER, AM COHEN, DL TI DESTRUCTION OF GYPSY-MOTH EGG MASSES (USING SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS, OILS OR CONVENTIONAL INSECTICIDES) FOR QUARANTINE AND COMMUNITY-ACTION PROGRAMS SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE OVICIDES; QUARANTINE TREATMENTS; SHADE TREE PESTS; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; GYPSY MOTH ID CATERPILLAR DERMATITIS; LYMANTRIIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA AB A series of studies were conducted, beginning in 1976, at the Otis Methods Development Center, Otis ANGB, MA, and beginning in 1982 at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, to evaluate surfactants, detergents, oils, and insecticides as egg mass destruction agents for use in quarantine and community action programs. Surfactants, oils, and detergents tended to be more active when applied in the fall, while conventional insecticides were generally more active when applied in the spring. Some products, especially soybean oil, were highly active throughout the gypsy moth egg stage (July-March). A soybean-oil based product has been registered for this use. A 50% concentration of soybean oil is recommended for quarantine purposes, while a 25% concentration should be suitable for homeowners and arborists. RP WEBB, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 29 IS 3 BP 305 EP 317 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PA272 UT WOS:A1994PA27200003 ER PT J AU THORPE, KW WEBB, RE ALDRICH, JR TATMAN, KM AF THORPE, KW WEBB, RE ALDRICH, JR TATMAN, KM TI EFFECTS OF SPINED SOLDIER BUG (HEMIPTERA-PENTATOMIDAE) AUGMENTATION AND STICKY BARRIER BANDS ON GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) DENSITY IN OAK CANOPIES SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; AUGMENTATION; MECHANICAL CONTROL; BARRIER BANDS; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; PODISUS-MACULIVENTRIS ID DISPAR LEPIDOPTERA; POPULATIONS AB The effects of sticky barrier bands, augmentative releases of the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say), and the deployment of P. maculiventris pheromone on gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), larval density in the canopy of oak trees were tested. Sticky barrier bands used alone reduced larval gypsy moth density by almost-equal-to 35%. The release of 5,810 P. maculiventris nymphs per tree or the deployment of P. maculiventris pheromone to trees on which sticky barrier bands had been applied had no additional effect on gypsy moth larval density. None of the treatments affected the number of gypsy moth egg masses produced. Significantly more P maculiventris adults were observed on trees with the pheromnone, but higher numbers of nymphs were not subsequently observed on these trees. Counts of gypsy moths beneath burlap bands prior to gypsy moth pupation were about four tames higher on unbanded than on banded trees, but counts of pupae beneath burlap bands did not differ between treatments. RP THORPE, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BLDG 402,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 29 IS 3 BP 339 EP 346 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PA272 UT WOS:A1994PA27200006 ER PT J AU CHANDLER, LD AF CHANDLER, LD TI COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF INSECT GROWTH-REGULATORS ON LONGEVITY AND MORTALITY OF BEET ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) LARVAE SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; DIFLUBENZURON; FENOXYCARB; RH-5992; BIOASSAY; INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS ID SUSCEPTIBILITY; RESISTANCE AB Laboratory bioassays demonstrated the toxic effects of three distinct types of insect growth regulators, diflubenzuron, fenoxycarb, and RH-5992, against 1- and 6-d-old larvae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner). Diflubenzuron and RH-5992 were somewhat more active and provided faster knockdown of beet armyworm larvae than did fenoxycarb. RH-5992 and diflubenzuron were 12-21 and 3-5 times more effective, respectively, against beet armyworm larvae than fenoxycarb. Larvae exposed to fenoxycarb lived up to 34 d following treatment and continued to feed. Therefore, fenoxycarb in field settings may not be as acceptable for controlling larvae of the beet armyworm as are diflubenzuron and RH-5992. RP CHANDLER, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 29 IS 3 BP 357 EP 366 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PA272 UT WOS:A1994PA27200008 ER PT J AU CARPENTER, JE CHANDLER, LD AF CARPENTER, JE CHANDLER, LD TI EFFECTS OF SUBLETHAL DOSES OF 2 INSECT GROWTH-REGULATORS ON HELICOVERPA-ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) REPRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HELICOVERPA-ZEA; DIFLUBENZURON; INSECT GROWTH REGULATOR ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; CORN-EARWORM AB The effects of sublethal doses of two insect growth regulators on Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) reproduction were investigated. Adults which developed from larvae that fed on a pinto bean diet containing diflubenzuron (Dimilin) or an ecdysone agonist (RH 5992) were inbred and outcrossed with adults which developed from larvae that were fed on a normal pinto bean diet. Data were collected on fecundity, fertility, and sperm transfer. Sublethal doses of both compounds administered to H. zea larvae caused reduced fertility in surviving male imagos but had no effect on fecundity or fertility of the female imagos. Reduced fertility in treated males was largely caused by a lower incidence of sperm transfer. Implications of our results for H. zea population management are discussed. RP CARPENTER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 14 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 29 IS 3 BP 428 EP 435 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PA272 UT WOS:A1994PA27200015 ER PT J AU STAPLES, CR UMANA, R STRICKER, JA SHIBLES, D HAYEN, MJ HISSEM, CD LOUGH, DS DEMOREST, DL AF STAPLES, CR UMANA, R STRICKER, JA SHIBLES, D HAYEN, MJ HISSEM, CD LOUGH, DS DEMOREST, DL TI RADIONUCLIDES IN MILK OF DAIRY HEIFERS RAISED ON FORAGES HARVESTED FROM PHOSPHATIC CLAY SOILS ON RECLAIMED MINED LAND SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Symposium on Naturally Occurring Radionuclides in Agricultural Products CY JAN 24-25, 1991 CL ORLANDO, FL SP UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, FLORIDA INST PHOSPHATE RES, AMER SOC SURFACE MIN & RECLAMAT, FLORIDA CHAPTER HLTH PHYS SOC, MINED LANDS AGR RES, DEMONSTRAT PROJECT, SAVANNAH RIVER ECOLOGY LAB, SOIL SCI SOC AMER, SO REG TECH RECLAMAT COMM S-245 ID TRANSFER PARAMETERS; NORMAL EXPOSURE; PB-210; FOOD AB Alfalfa (AR; Medicago sativa L.) and corn (CSR; Zea mays L.) were grown in phosphatic clay soils on phosphate-mined reclaimed land in central Florida. Corn (CSC) also was grown on unmined land and served as a control forage. Upon harvesting, plants were chopped and ensiled. Concentrations of Ra-226 averaged 2.44, 0.26, and 0.15; Pb-207 averaged 1.04, 0.63, and 0.52; and Po-210 averaged 1.59, 0.59, and 1.26 Bq kg-1 DM for AR, CSR, and CSC, respectively. These forages were fed separately to Holstein dairy replacement heifers (Bos taurus) (n = 15 per forage) from approximately 9 to 25 mo of age. Heifers gave birth to calves at approximately 24 mo of age. Samples of milk were collected on d 1, 15, and 30 of lactation and analyzed for radionuclides. Averaged across sampling days, heifers fed AR had greater milk concentrations of Ra-226 compared with those fed CSR (0.27 vs. 0.22 Bq kg-1 DM; P < 0.10), which, in turn, had greater milk concentrations compared with heifers fed CSC (0.22 vs. 0.13 Bq kg-1 DM; P < 0.05). Heifers fed AR also had greater milk concentrations of Po-210 CoMpared with heifers fed CSR (0.58 vs. 0.30 Bq kg-1 DM; P < 0.10), but values of CSR-fed heifers were not different from CSC-fed heifers (0.45 Bq kg-1 DM). Lead-2 10 was greater in milk from heifers fed CSR compared with those fed AR or CSC (1.38 vs. 0.94 and 0.92 Bq kg-1 DM; P < 0.13), respectively. Plasma S and Cu concentrations suggested subclinical molybdenosis in heifers fed AR. However, all heifers grew at an acceptable rate, conceived normally, had normal gestation periods, gave high quality colostrum at calving, and produced similar amounts of milk. C1 UNIV FLORIDA, COOP EXT SERV, BARTOW, FL 33830 USA. FLORIDA AGR EXPT STN, GAINESVILLE, FL 32601 USA. USDA, AGR MKT SERV, DIV SCI, WASHINGTON, DC 20090 USA. RP STAPLES, CR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT DAIRY SCI, POB 110920, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 23 IS 4 BP 663 EP 667 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NW830 UT WOS:A1994NW83000005 ER PT J AU OWENS, LB EDWARDS, WM VANKEUREN, RW AF OWENS, LB EDWARDS, WM VANKEUREN, RW TI GROUNDWATER NITRATE LEVELS UNDER FERTILIZED GRASS AND GRASS-LEGUME PASTURES SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-BALANCE; LEACHING LOSSES; NEW-ZEALAND; SOIL AB High levels of N fertilizer applied to pastures can result in NO3-N concentrations in groundwater exceeding the USEPA potable water standard of 10 mg N/L. This study was conducted to determine groundwater NO3-N levels following a change in N source from fertilizer to a legume in a grass-pasture grazed by beef cattle. For 5 yr, 224 kg N/ha was applied annually to small watersheds with orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) pastures used for summer-grazing and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) areas used for winter-grazing-feeding. At the of the sixth year, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was interseeded into the grass pastures and N fertilizer was no longer applied. Groundwater samples from developed springs and surface runoff samples were collected and analyzed for NH4-N, NO3-N, and total N for the 5-yr fertilization period and for the following 10-yr period without applied N fertilizer. Nitrogen in groundwater was present mainly in the NO3 form, and concentrations increased throughout the 5-yr period of fertilizer application and reached levels that were usually in excess of 10 mg N/L. With the change from N fertilizer to legume N, the NO3-N concentrations in groundwater dropped rapidly during a 2-yr period. In a tall fescue-alfalfa area, NO3-N levels decreased from 17.7 to 9.3 mg N/L. In two orchard-grass-alfalfa areas, NO3-N levels decreased from 11.2 to 2.7 and from 8.3 to 3.6 mg N/L. During the remainder of the 10-yr period, NO3-N concentrations declined to levels similar to those before N fertilization. Although the amount of N lost via subsurface flow decreased with decreasing concentrations, subsurface flow remained the main pathway for N loss compared with surface runoff or sediment-attached N. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT AGRON,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP OWENS, LB (reprint author), USDA,ARS,N APPALACHIAN EXP WATERSHED,POB 478,COSHOCTON,OH 43812, USA. NR 32 TC 52 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 23 IS 4 BP 752 EP 758 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NW830 UT WOS:A1994NW83000019 ER PT J AU GILLIAM, FS TURRILL, NL AULICK, SD EVANS, DK ADAMS, MB AF GILLIAM, FS TURRILL, NL AULICK, SD EVANS, DK ADAMS, MB TI HERBACEOUS LAYER AND SOIL RESPONSE TO EXPERIMENTAL ACIDIFICATION IN A CENTRAL APPALACHIAN HARDWOOD FOREST SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID HERB-LAYER; DECIDUOUS FOREST; COASTAL-PLAIN; SITE QUALITY; DEPOSITION; SUCCESSION; VEGETATION; PLANTS; PINE; NUTRIENTS AB The herbaceous layer (vascular plants less-than-or-equal-to 1 m in height) is an important component of forest ecosystems and a potentially sensitive vegetation stratum in response to acid deposition. This study tested several hypotheses concerning soil and herbaceous layer response to experimental acidification at the Fernow Experimental Forest in north-central West Virginia. Fifteen circular sample plots (0.04 ha) were established in each of three watersheds: WS3 (an almost-equal-to 20-yr-old watershed receiving acidification treatment with (NH4)2SO4), WS4 (>80-yr-old control), and WS7 (almost-equal-to 20-yr-old control). The herb layer was sampled intensively in 10 1-m2 subplots within each sample plot, including determination of species composition, cover, and random biomass harvests. Harvested plant material was separated by species and analyzed for macronutrients, micronutrients, and Al. Soil was sampled from harvest subplots and analyzed for texture, pH, organic matter, and macro- and micronutrients. Few differences among watersheds for virtually all measured soil variables indicated minimal response of soil fertility to the acidification treatment. The herbaceous layer was also quite similar among watersheds with respect to cover-biomass and species diversity; WS7, however, had almost-equal-to 70% higher herb layer cover that both Ws3 and WS4, a result of the predominance of a few high-cover fern species and attributable to the north-facing aspect of WS7 vs. south-facing aspects of WS3/WS4. There was a high degree of species similarity among watersheds, suggesting no shift in species composition in response to acidification. There was also minimal response of element concentrations to acidification, although Fe and Al exhibited evidence of increased uptake in WS3. We conclude that, contrary to our expectations, there has been little substantive response of the soil and herb layer to acidification, but hypothesize that herbaceous layer species may experience toxicity problems with increased mobility of Al and micronutrients in the future. C1 USDA, FOREST SERV, TIMBER & WATERSHED LAB, PARSONS, WV 26287 USA. RP MARSHALL UNIV, DEPT BIOL SCI, HUNTINGTON, WV 25755 USA. RI Liu, Yi-Chun/H-5463-2012 NR 47 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 23 IS 4 BP 835 EP 844 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NW830 UT WOS:A1994NW83000031 ER PT J AU BUCHANAN, RL GOLDEN, MH AF BUCHANAN, RL GOLDEN, MH TI INTERACTION OF CITRIC-ACID CONCENTRATION AND PH ON THE KINETICS OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES INACTIVATION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE CITRIC ACID; PH; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES ID INTRACELLULAR PH; ORGANIC-ACIDS; SCOTT-A; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; INHIBITION; BROTH; ACIDULANT AB The effects and interactions between pH and citric acid concentration on the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes was determined using a three-strain mixture. Citric acid/sodium citrate combinations were added to brain heart infusion (BHI) broth to achieve concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 M in conjunction with pH values of 4, 5, 6 and 7. The media were dispensed in 20-ml portions in dilution bottles, inoculated to approximately 10(8) CFU/ml, and incubated at 28-degrees-C. Survivor curves were generated using a linear model incorporating a lag term, and D-values and ''time to 4-D inactivation'' values were calculated. The results were compared against control cultures in which the pH was modified using hydrochloric acid (HCl). The rate of inactivation was dependent on both the pH and concentration of citric acid. Low levels of citric acid were protective, particularly at pH 5 and 6. At higher concentrations, a distinct anion effect was observed as compared to the HCl controls, with inactivation rates being correlated with the completely undissociated form of the acid. Comparison of the kinetic data with earlier results with lactic and acetic acids suggests that citric acid has both protective and bactericidal activity against L. monocytogenes, which involve different modes of action. RP BUCHANAN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MIROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 13 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 57 IS 7 BP 567 EP 570 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA NZ593 UT WOS:A1994NZ59300002 ER PT J AU RILEY, RT VOSS, KA YOO, KS GELDERBLOM, WCA MERRILL, AH AF RILEY, RT VOSS, KA YOO, KS GELDERBLOM, WCA MERRILL, AH TI MECHANISM OF FUMONISIN TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENESIS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE FUMONISINS; FUSARIUM; CERAMIDE SYNTHASE; ZEA-MAYS; TOXIC CORN; TOXICITY; CARCINOGENESIS ID DENOVO SPHINGOLIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; COMPLEX SPHINGOLIPIDS; CULTURE MATERIAL; SPHINGOSINE; SPHINGANINE; MYCOTOXINS; INHIBITION AB what are the molecular events that fumonisin-induced porcine pulmonary edema syndrome and equine leucoencephalomalacia have in common? Do these animal diseases relate mechanistically to fumonisin toxicity in laboratory rats? There is considerable data indicating that disruption of sphingolipid metabolism plays an important early role in all of these diseases. In vitro studies have revealed that fumonisins and structurally related Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici-toxin (AAL-toxin) are potent inhibitors of the enzyme sphinganine (sphingosine) N-acyl transferase (ceramide synthase). Soon after cultured cells or animals are exposed to fumonisins there is a dramatic increase in the free sphingoid base, sphinganine, in tissues, serum and/or urine. Also, free sphingosine concentration increases, complex sphingolipid concentration decreases, and sphingoid base degradation products and other lipid products also increase. It is hypothesized that disruption of sphingolipid metabolism is an early molecular event in the onset and progression of cell injury and the diseases associated with consumption of fumonisins. However, the exact mechanisms responsible for the diseases will not be easily revealed since the role of sphingolipids in cellular regulation is very complex and not yet fully understood. While fumonisin B1 is non-genotoxic it is a complete carcinogen in rat liver. Recent studies indicate that fumonisins inhibit hepatocyte proliferation in rat liver. It has been hypothesized that hepatotoxicity and effects on hepatocyte proliferation are critical determinants for fumonisin B1 cancer initiation and promotion. Alternatively, recent studies have found that fumonisin B-1 has mitogenic activity in cultured fibroblasts. It is conceivable that the mitogenic, cytostatic and cytotoxic potential of fumonisin may all contribute to the animal diseases including liver cancer in rats. C1 S AFRICAN MRC,PROMEC,TYGERBERG 7505,SOUTH AFRICA. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP RILEY, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXINS RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 56 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 57 IS 7 BP 638 EP 645 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA NZ593 UT WOS:A1994NZ59300016 ER PT J AU RAJKOWSKI, KT SCHULTZ, F NEGRON, F DICELLO, A AF RAJKOWSKI, KT SCHULTZ, F NEGRON, F DICELLO, A TI EFFECT OF WATER ACTIVITY ON THE GROWTH OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS AT MEAT-CHEESE INTERFACES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID ENTEROTOXIN FORMATION; TEMPERATURE; PH AB There is increased marketing of ready-to-eat nonrefrigerated snack foods which consist of meat or sausage products with low or intermediate moisture levels combined with high moisture food products, i.e., cheese products. Packaging the intermediate moisture meat in direct contact with a high moisture food might change the water activity (a(w)) of the products sufficiently to support growth of Staphylococcus aureus at contaminated interfaces. To evaluate this possibility, sterile sausage slices (a(w) = 0.60 to 0.82) were surface inoculated with log 2-3 CFU/g of S. aureus, interfaced with processed cheese slices (a(w) = 0.94), vacuum packaged, and incubated at 19, 28, 37C and at cyclic temperature of 19-37-19C. S. aureus levels and water activities were determined weekly for 0 to 9 weeks. The a(w) at the interface changed rapidly and reached an a(w) that supported S. aureus growth. Growth of S. aureus occurred under all test conditions when the samples were stored at 28 and 37C. At 19C storage S. aureus remained viable for the length of the study. RP RAJKOWSKI, KT (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 14 IS 3 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.1994.tb00595.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA PA297 UT WOS:A1994PA29700002 ER PT J AU PARK, B WHITTAKER, AD MILLER, RK HALE, DS AF PARK, B WHITTAKER, AD MILLER, RK HALE, DS TI ULTRASONIC SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS FOR BEEF SENSORY ATTRIBUTES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF; JUICINESS; TENDERNESS; ULTRASOUND; PALATABILITY ID CONSUMER RETAIL BEEF; MUSCLE; STEAKS AB Ultrasonic spectral feature analysis was conducted for measuring beef sensory attributes noninvasively. Spectral features were compared with instrumental texture, chemical and sensory evaluation measures. The most significant (P <0.05) ultrasonic parameter was the number of local maxima for juiciness (rho=0.49), connective tissue amount (rho=0.52), flavor intensity (rho=0.39), percent total collagen (rho=0.34), and shear force (rho=0.51). However, the central (resonant) frequency was the most dominant parameter for tenderness (rho=0.45; P <0.05). Multivariate linear regression models were developed for predicting each palatability attribute. Standard errors of calibration for models were 0.253 for juiciness, 0.745 for muscle fiber tenderness, 0.244 for connective tissue amount, 0.754 for overall tenderness, and 0.224 for flavor intensity. Accuracy of prediction models was not adequate for use as a tool but this approach has potential for nondestructive sensory attribute measurement. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP PARK, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BLDG 303,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 59 IS 4 BP 697 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb08107.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA PG294 UT WOS:A1994PG29400004 ER PT J AU MILLER, AJ SCHULTZ, FJ OSER, A HALLMAN, JL PALUMBO, SA AF MILLER, AJ SCHULTZ, FJ OSER, A HALLMAN, JL PALUMBO, SA TI BACTERIOLOGICAL SAFETY OF SWINE CARCASSES TREATED WITH RECONDITIONED WATER SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PORK; RECONDITIONED WATER; BACTERIOLOGY; AEROBIC PLATE COUNTS ID AGAR AB Swine carcass microflora were evaluated for selected foodborne pathogens after exposure to reconditioned water during scalding, dehairing, and polishing operations. Reused water had been reconditioned and chlorinated. Rodac plates applied to hams were used to assess carcass microflora. Water samples were enumerated using membrane filtration or spiral plating. Sampling was at mid-week throughout the year. Total aerobic plate counts on hams were unaffected by treating with potable or reconditioned waters. No differences were observed for staphylococci, enterics, fecal streptococci, Listeria monocytogenes, coliforms, and Aeromonas levels. A preevisceration potable water carcass wash reduced the bacterial load, regardless of initial treatment. Bacterial counts on carcasses paralleled those in water. Reuse is an alternative to potable water for initial slaughter operations without diminishing bacteriologic safety. C1 HATFIELD QUAL MEATS,HATFIELD,PA 19440. RP MILLER, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 59 IS 4 BP 739 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb08116.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA PG294 UT WOS:A1994PG29400013 ER PT J AU BERRY, BW AF BERRY, BW TI PROPERTIES OF LOW-FAT, NONBREADED PORK NUGGETS WITH ADDED GUMS AND MODIFIED STARCHES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PORK NUGGETS; LOW-FAT; GUMS; STARCH; SENSORY ID GROUND-BEEF; PRODUCTS AB Low-fat (8%) pork nuggets were prepared with gums, modified food starches, and 90% pork. Sodium alginate with calcium-lactate or corn starch creme resulted in the greatest increases in cooking yield and tenderness. Convection oven cookery resulted in improvements in sensory and instrumental tenderness values compared with precooking and reheating. Nuggets with corn starch creme had notable distortions in shape after precooking and reheating. Gums and modified starches can improve tenderness in low-fat pork nuggets. RP BERRY, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 59 IS 4 BP 742 EP 746 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb08117.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA PG294 UT WOS:A1994PG29400014 ER PT J AU WHITING, RC MASANA, MO AF WHITING, RC MASANA, MO TI LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES SURVIVAL MODEL VALIDATED IN SIMULATED UNCOOKED-FERMENTED MEAT-PRODUCTS FOR EFFECTS OF NITRITE AND PH SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LISTERIA; MEAT; FERMENTATION; NITRITE; ACIDITY ID BEAKER SAUSAGE; INACTIVATION; MANUFACTURE; INHIBITION; BEHAVIOR; FATE AB Previous modeling studies in broth cultures demonstrated that acidity and nitrite increased the inactivation rate of Listeria monocytogenes. To validate this effect during storage of simulated uncooked-fermented meat products, lean beef was ground with salt, adjusted to pH 4.0-5.1, and treated with nitrite at 0-300 mu g/mL. Samples were immediately inoculated with L. monocytogenes (10(7) CFU/g) and survivors were enumerated over 21 days storage at 37 degrees C. The time to achieve a four log decline as greatly affected by pH, ranging from 21 days at pH 5.0 to < 1.0 day at pH 4.0. Growth occurred at pH 5.1 after a long lag period. Nitrite additions did not affect survival, suggesting that the effective concentration was the rapidly decreasing residual nitrite level. C1 INTA,CICV,INST TECHNOL CARNES,RA-1708 MORON,BUENOS AIRES,ARGENTINA. RP WHITING, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 59 IS 4 BP 760 EP 762 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb08121.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA PG294 UT WOS:A1994PG29400018 ER PT J AU BOWLES, BL MILLER, AJ AF BOWLES, BL MILLER, AJ TI CAFFEIC ACID ACTIVITY AGAINST CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM SPORES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CAFFEIC ACID; ANTIBACTERIAL; MICROBES; CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM; FOOD ADDITIVES ID ANTIBOTULINAL PROPERTIES; INHIBITION; OUTGROWTH; GROWTH; COFFEE; TEA AB Caffeic acid (CA) is widely distributed among higher fruits and vegetables. While CA has antimicrobial activity, little information exists on its utility as a food additive. As such, CA was tested for activity against Clostridium botulinum spores. At 0.78 and 3.25 mM, CA inhibited germination for 6 and 24 hr, respectively, with >100 mM required to render spores nonviable. CA concentrations greater than or equal to 50mM reduced 80 degrees C spore thermal resistance. Sporostatic activity was retained when tested in commercial meat broths, and 5.0 mM CA delayed toxigenesis. Caffeic acid has potential as a food additive to inhibit growth of C. botulinum, and reduce thermal processing requirements of heat sensitive foods. RP BOWLES, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 13 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 59 IS 4 BP 905 EP 908 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb08154.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA PG294 UT WOS:A1994PG29400051 ER PT J AU ZASADA, J AF ZASADA, J TI UNDERSTANDING ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material RP ZASADA, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,POB 1161,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 92 IS 7 BP 60 EP 60 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA NU607 UT WOS:A1994NU60700024 ER PT J AU RONNING, CM SCHNELL, RJ AF RONNING, CM SCHNELL, RJ TI ALLOZYME DIVERSITY IN A GERMPLASM COLLECTION OF THEOBROMA-CACAO L SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Note ID STARCH-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; BUFFERS AB Allozyme data for eight polymorphic loci encoding six enzymes were used to describe 86 clones from the USDA/ACRI Theobroma cacao germplasm collection. To further characterize gene diversity, the total population was subdivided two ways: by geographical origin and by morphological type. Contingency chi(2) analysis showed the Caribbean and Central American groups to be distinct from South American clones. Among types, the Forasteros differed from the Trinitarios at four of six loci. Some differences were due to the presence or absence of certain alleles. Phenetic trees were constructed using gene frequency data averaged over groups. Most gene diversity was found to exist within, rather than between, groups; this differentiation was somewhat higher among morphological types than among geographical origins. A core collection of clones selected across all morphological types, using both morphological and allozyme descriptors, might provide an optimal method of maintaining a germplasm collection of this species. RP RONNING, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM RESPOSITORY,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 85 IS 4 BP 291 EP 295 PG 5 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA PE095 UT WOS:A1994PE09500008 ER PT J AU POLZIN, KM LOHNES, DG NICKELL, CD SHOEMAKER, RC AF POLZIN, KM LOHNES, DG NICKELL, CD SHOEMAKER, RC TI INTEGRATION OF RPS2, RMD, AND RJ2 INTO LINKAGE GROUP-J OF THE SOYBEAN MOLECULAR MAP SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Note ID PHYTOPHTHORA AB To correlate the classical soybean linkage map with the USDA-ARS molecular map, genes from the classical map must be located relative to molecular markers. The purpose of this study was to integrate the genes for ineffective bradyrhizobia nodulation (Rj2), powdery mildew resistance (Rmd), and phytophthora root and stem rot resistance (Rps2) from classical linkage group 19 with the molecular map, A population of 202 F-2 lines was derived from a cross of two Williams isolines containing the genes Rj2 Rmd-c Rps2 Ti-a and rj2 rmd rps2 Ti-b. The lines were classified for their reactions to bradyrhizobia, powdery mildew, and phytophthora, and for the Kunitz trypsin mobility variant. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis identified three loci from linkage group J (A233, A724, and K375) that were polymorphic between the parent lines. Segregation analysis revealed close linkage between the genes and group J markers, thus correlating linkage group J to classical linkage group 19. The most likely order of the loci was Rps2 Rmd Rj2 A233 A724 K375 (log-likelihood -193.73), with the three genes contained within a 3.8 cM region. This region of the soybean molecular map harbors the densest collection of agronomically important genes identified to date, making it a suitable target for map-based cloning in soybean. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL & GENET,AMES,IA 50011. RP POLZIN, KM (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 13 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 85 IS 4 BP 300 EP 303 PG 4 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA PE095 UT WOS:A1994PE09500011 ER PT J AU TAHIR, M MUEHLBAUER, FJ AF TAHIR, M MUEHLBAUER, FJ TI GENE-MAPPING IN LENTIL WITH RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Note ID ISOZYME; LINKAGE; LENS AB Homozygous recombinant lines developed from interspecific Lens hybrids were used to map isozyme and morphological markers in lentil. F-3 families from eight interspecific (L. culinaris x L. orientalis) lentil crosses were advanced to the F-6 by single seed descent to develop eight sets of recombinant inbred lines. Each of the eight sets of lines was as sayed for parental alleles at 2-8 isozyme and four morphological trait loci. Single locus goodness of fit to the expected 1:1 ratio was determined for each of the marker loci, and linkage relationships among the marker loci were determined. Six linkage groups were identified, and included a total of 17 isozyme loci and four morphological trait loci. We confirmed previously reported linkages among isozyme loci and morphological trait loci (Gs: Aat-p, Pi:Gal-1, Yc:Pgm-p, Aat-c:Me-2, Aat-mb:Skdh, Fk:Pgd-p), and identified three additional linkage groups (Gh:Gal-l, Gal-2:Aat-mb:Skdh, and Skdh:Aldo:Nag). The genetic map of lentil was expanded and confirmed based on these linkages, and a database was generated that can be used to add additional markers to the gene map. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP TAHIR, M (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 85 IS 4 BP 306 EP 310 PG 5 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA PE095 UT WOS:A1994PE09500013 ER PT J AU BURKHEAD, KD PETERSON, SW BOLEN, PL AF BURKHEAD, KD PETERSON, SW BOLEN, PL TI MICROBIAL HYDROXYLATION .1. HYDROXYLATION OF ANILINE BY ASPERGILLUS-ALLIACEUS, A-ALBERTENSIS AND A-TERREUS SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PARA-HYDROXYLATION; ORTHO-HYDROXYLATION; ANILINE; AMINOPHENOLS; ASPERGILLUS-ALLIACEUS; A-ALBERTENSIS; A-TERREUS ID TRANSFORMATIONS; METABOLISM AB Six hundred and seventy microorganisms were screened for the ability to perform stereoselective aromatic hydroxylation reactions of industrial significance, using aniline as a model substrate. TLC and HPLC analyses with diode array detection were used to identify and characterize hydroxylase activities. Of 79 cultures belonging to the species Aspergillus alliaceus, A. albertensis, and A. terreus, 26 strains produced 2-aminophenol. Thirty strains were able to hydroxylate aniline in the para position. Five strains of A. terreus produced an unidentified phenolic compound in high yield. RP BURKHEAD, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 60604, USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 13 IS 4 BP 233 EP 237 DI 10.1007/BF01569754 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA PR148 UT WOS:A1994PR14800007 ER PT J AU HOU, CT AF HOU, CT TI PH-DEPENDENCE AND THERMOSTABILITY OF LIPASES FROM CULTURES FROM THE ARS CULTURE COLLECTION SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LIPASES; PH DEPENDENCE; THERMOSTABILITY AB Previously we used a simple, sensitive agar plate method to screen lipase activity from 1229 selected cultures including 508 bacteria, 479 yeasts, 230 actinomycetes and 12 fungi covering many genera and species. About 25% of the cultures tested were lipase-positive. These lipase-positive strains were further classified as good, moderate or weak enzyme producers. We have expanded our screening method to focus specifically on the pH dependence and thermostability of these lipase activities. The lipases exhibited various pH sensitivities and were divided into three groups: (i) lipases which are active at pH 5.5 but not at pH 7.5-produced by 36 bacteria, 23 yeasts and four actinomycetes; (ii) lipases which are active at pH 7.5 but not at pH 5.5-produced by 17 bacteria, four yeasts, two actinomycetes and one fungus; and (iii) lipases which are active at both pH 5.5 and pH 7.5-produced by 112 bacteria, 90 yeasts, 15 actinomycetes and five fungi. By screening at 60-degrees-C and pH 9.0, we further identified 50 bacteria and 26 yeasts that produce thermostable alkali-tolerant lipases. Product analyses confirmed our screening results. Lipases with specific pH dependency and thermostability have potential to be developed into industrial enzymes. RP HOU, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 13 IS 4 BP 242 EP 248 DI 10.1007/BF01569756 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA PR148 UT WOS:A1994PR14800009 ER PT J AU GUPTA, SC LEATHERS, TD ELSAYED, GN IGNOFFO, CM AF GUPTA, SC LEATHERS, TD ELSAYED, GN IGNOFFO, CM TI RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ENZYME-ACTIVITIES AND VIRULENCE PARAMETERS IN BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA INFECTIONS OF GALLERIA-MELLONELLA AND TRICHOPLUSIA NI SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BEAUVERIA BASSIANA; GALLERIA MELLONELLA; TRICHOPLUSIA NI; VIRULENCE; CHITINASE; CHYMOELASTASE; CHYMOTRYPSIN; ESTERASE ID EARWORM HELIOTHIS-ZEA; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; CUTICLE; MUTANTS AB The host range of the mycoinsecticide Beauveria bassiana includes both the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) and the cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni). Larvae of G. mellonella and T. ni were infected individually with five diverse strains of B. bassiana and mortality was followed over time. Mathematical analyses of these data indicated that the conventional parameter of LT(50) was the product of two strain-specific parameters that may be described as ''onset'' of mortality and subsequent ''rate'' of mortality. These parameters were compared with quantitative data on the production of enzymes from the same strains cultured in vitro on defined medium containing purified cuticle from either G. mellonella or T. ni. Levels of specific cuticle degrading enzymes such as chitinase, chymoelastase, chymotrypsin, and esterase showed relationships with specific virulence parameters. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65205. NR 18 TC 36 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 64 IS 1 BP 13 EP 17 DI 10.1006/jipa.1994.1062 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA NW506 UT WOS:A1994NW50600003 ER PT J AU BUTT, TM HAJEK, AE HUMBER, RA AF BUTT, TM HAJEK, AE HUMBER, RA TI THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF PROTOPLASTS OF THE GYPSY-MOTH PATHOGEN ENTOMOPHAGA-MAIMAIGA SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,PLANT PROTECT RES UNIT,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,BOYCE THOMPSON INST PLANT RES,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 64 IS 1 BP 74 EP 75 DI 10.1006/jipa.1994.1073 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA NW506 UT WOS:A1994NW50600014 ER PT J AU BARNARD, DR MOUNT, GA HAILE, DG DANIELS, E AF BARNARD, DR MOUNT, GA HAILE, DG DANIELS, E TI INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM (ACARI, IXODIDAE) ON PASTURED BEEF-CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; PEST MANAGEMENT; COMPUTER SIMULATION ID LONE STAR TICK; AREA CONTROL; HABITAT MODIFICATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; BOS-TAURUS; POPULATIONS; AUSTRALIA; CONTACT AB Data on tick control and knowledge of the damage caused to beef cattle by tick feeding were incorporated into a computerized dynamic life table model (LSTSIM) for Amblyomma americanum (L.). Simulations were made to determine economically feasible, 5-yr integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for A. americanum in forage areas utilized by Bos taurus, Bos indicus, and crossbred cattle (B. taurus x B. indicus). The effects of host resistance, pasture rotation, habitat conversion, topical acaricides, systemic acaricides, and the area-wide application of acaricides to pastures on populations of parasitic female ticks were simulated as individual control technologies and as components of multiple-factor IPM strategies. The most effective, single-factor control strategy for A. americanum in beef cattle forage areas is the use of tick-resistant B. indicus cattle. Pasture rotation combined with area-wide acaricide applications was the only economically feasible IPM strategy for B. indicus cattle and reduced tick densities by 89% after 5 yr. Thirteen economically feasible IPM strategies were identified for use with B. taurus cattle. Of these, the most efficacious was pasture rotation in May combined with systemic or topical acaricide applications. Other strategies included systemic acaricides with area-wide acaricide applications to pastures, topical acaricides with area-wide acaricide applications, pasture rotation with habitat conversion and topical acaricides, and pasture rotation with habitat conversion, topical acaricides, and area-wide acaricide applications. Each technology reduced tick densities on B. taurus cattle by >80% over a 5-yr period. Nine IPM strategies were economically feasible for use with crossbred cattle. Of these, pasture rotation combined with systemic or topical acaricide applications reduced the number of female ticks on cattle by >84%; pasture rotation combined with habitat conversion reduced tick numbers by 77%. The most effective nonacaricide-based IPM strategy for B. taurus and crossbred cattle was pasture rotation combined with habitat conversion. No acaricide-free IPM strategy was economically feasible for use with B. indicus cattle. RP BARNARD, DR (reprint author), USDA,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 31 IS 4 BP 571 EP 585 PG 15 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA NT883 UT WOS:A1994NT88300010 PM 7932604 ER EF