FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU LUGINBUHL, JM POND, KR BURNS, JC FISHER, DS AF LUGINBUHL, JM POND, KR BURNS, JC FISHER, DS TI EVALUATION OF THE CAPTEC CONTROLLED-RELEASE CHROMIC OXIDE CAPSULE FOR FECAL OUTPUT DETERMINATION IN SHEEP SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHROMIC OXIDE; BOLUSES; FECES COLLECTION; SHEEP ID FISTULATED GRAZING SHEEP; DEVICES; LEVEL AB One pen feeding study was conducted with 24 wether lambs to compare fecal output (FO) determined by total fecal collection with FO estimated by dosing lambs with chromic oxide controlled-release capsules. Lambs (39 +/- 1.5 kg BW) were fed either alfalfa hay (ALF), Coastal bermudagrass hay (CBG), or a commercially available pelleted (PEL) sheep diet (eight lambs/diet). After dosing, rectal grab samples and total collection of feces were taken daily for 31 d. Constant fecal excretion of Cr was achieved approximately on d 8 (range = d 5 to 13) after dosing. Capsule expiration was accompanied by a sharp peak in Cr excretion approximately on d 27 (range = d 24 to 30). Complete excretion of Cr by d 31 occurred in only seven lambs. Agreement between actual and predicted FO was examined by linear regression from d 8 to 22. Best parameter estimates and highest R(2) were observed when sampling a) every other day from d 11 to 19 (five samplings), b) daily from d 8 to 17, c) daily during the entire period, and d) daily from d 13 to 22. Sampling for 5 d chosen at random consistently gave poor results. Sampling every 3rd d gave the poorest results. Controlled-release capsules predicted FO very accurately in lambs fed ALF. Reliable estimates were obtained in 67% of cases investigated with CBG, whereas only 25% of estimates were reliable with PEL. The controlled-release capsules always overestimated FO of wethers fed CBG and PEL, implying that in those lambs the actual release rate of Cr was less than that specified by the manufacturer. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,INTERDEPT NUTR PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP LUGINBUHL, JM (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,BOX 7621,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1375 EP 1380 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NL835 UT WOS:A1994NL83500036 PM 8056686 ER PT J AU WHITAKER, TB GIESBRECHT, FG WU, J HAGLER, WM DOWELL, FE AF WHITAKER, TB GIESBRECHT, FG WU, J HAGLER, WM DOWELL, FE TI PREDICTING THE DISTRIBUTION OF AFLATOXIN TEST-RESULTS FROM FARMERS STOCK PEANUTS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SHELLED PEANUTS AB Suitability of the negative binomial function for use in estimating the distribution of sample aflatoxin test results associated with testing farmers' stock peanuts for aflatoxin was studied. A 900 kg portion of peanut pods was removed from each of 40 contaminated farmers' stock lots. The lots averaged about 4100 kg. Each 900 kg portion was divided into fifty 2.26 kg samples, fifty 4.21 kg samples, and fifty 6.91 kg samples. The aflatoxin in each sample was quantified by liquid chromatography. An observed distribution of sample aflatoxin test results consisted of 50 aflatoxin test results for each lot and each sample size. The mean aflatoxin concentration, m; the variance, s(xBAR)2 among the 50 sample aflatoxin test results; and the shape parameter, k, for the negative binomial function were determined for each of the 120 observed distributions (40 lots times 3 sample sizes). Regression analysis indicated the functional relationship between k and m to be k = 0.000006425m0.8047. The 120 observed distributions of sample aflatoxin test results were compared to the negative binomial function by using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test. The null hypothesis that the true unknown distribution function was negative binomial was not rejected at the 5% significance level for 114 of the 120 distributions. The negative binomial function failed the KS test at a sample concentration of 0 ng/g in all 6 of the distributions where the negative binomial function was rejected. The negative binomial function always predicted a smaller percentage of samples testing 0 ng/g than was actually observed. However, the negative binomial function did fit the observed distribution for sample test results at a concentration greater than 0 in 4 of the 6 cases. As a result, the negative binomial function provides an accurate estimate of the acceptance probabilities associated with accepting contaminated lots of farmers' stock peanuts for various sample sizes and various sample acceptance levels greater than 0 ng/g. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT STAT,RALEIGH,NC 27606. USA MKT SERV,STAT BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,SCH VET MED,MYCOTOXIN LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27606. USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,DAWSON,GA 31742. RP WHITAKER, TB (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,SCH VET MED,USDA ARS,BOX 7625,RALEIGH,NC 27606, USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 77 IS 3 BP 659 EP 666 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NP559 UT WOS:A1994NP55900018 PM 8012216 ER PT J AU LI, BW CARDOZO, MS AF LI, BW CARDOZO, MS TI DETERMINATION OF TOTAL DIETARY FIBER IN FOODS AND PRODUCTS WITH LITTLE OR NO STARCH, NONENZYMATIC GRAVIMETRIC METHOD - COLLABORATIVE STUDY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB A collaborative study was conducted to validate a nonenzymatic-gravimetric method for the determination of total dietary fiber (TDF) of samples containing little or no starch such as most fruits, and vegetables and many purified polysaccharides. This simple procedure involves suspension of freeze-dried, ground samples in deionized water and incubation at 37-degrees-C for 90 min, followed by precipitation with 4 volumes of 95% ethanol. The weight of the dilute alcohol-insoluble residues after correcting for crude protein and ash corresponds to the TDF content of the sample. Six samples in blind duplicate (apples, apricots, cabbage, carrots, onions, and soy fiber) were sent with Celite to 10 laboratories. The reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSD(R)) of the TDF values for 9 laboratories ranged from 2.92 to 6.25%. The repeatability standard deviation (RSD(r)) for the 9 laboratories ranged from 1.50 to 2.70%. The method has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL. RP LI, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 6 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 77 IS 3 BP 687 EP 689 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NP559 UT WOS:A1994NP55900024 PM 8012221 ER PT J AU CZERWINSKI, SM MARTIN, JM BECHTEL, PJ AF CZERWINSKI, SM MARTIN, JM BECHTEL, PJ TI MODULATION OF IGF MESSENGER-RNA ABUNDANCE DURING STRETCH-INDUCED SKELETAL-MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY AND REGRESSION SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FEMALE CHICKENS; PATAGIALIS MUSCLE; STRETCH; INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I ID GROWTH FACTOR-I; CHICKEN WING MUSCLES; MESSENGER-RNA; GENE-EXPRESSION; INSULIN; RAT; HORMONE; RECEPTOR; PROTEIN; MECHANISM AB Increased load on a muscle (synergistic overload or stretch) results in muscle hypertrophy. The expression of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) mRNA in rat skeletal muscle is increased during synergistic overload-induced hypertrophy. Although it has also been established that fasting animals lose muscle protein, it has been shown that compensatory muscle hypertrophy occurs in adult fasting rats that are undergoing a net loss of body weight. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether a relationship exists between IGF-I mRNA levels and muscle growth and regression. This was accomplished by examining whether IGF-I mRNA levels were altered during muscle hypertrophy after stretch and regression and the effect of fasting on IGF-I mRNA levels during stretch-induced hypertrophy. Patagialis (PAT) muscle weights increased 13 and 44% at 2 and 11 days of stretch, respectively. However, after removal of the stretch stimulus on day 11, PAT weights began to decrease, reaching control weights by 18 days. During the first time point (2 days), PAT muscle IGF-I mRNA remained constant. IGF-I mRNA abundance was threefold greater than contralateral control levels by 11 days of stretch. IGF-I mRNA levels decreased but remained significantly above control levels throughout the regression of hypertrophy (13, 18, and 25 days). Pasting did not alter PAT muscle response to stretch. After 11 days of stretch, PAT muscle weight increased 60% compared with contralateral control muscles and IGF-I mRNA levels increased threefold. This study supports a role for IGF-I in muscle hypertrophy but not muscle atrophy. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP CZERWINSKI, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 76 IS 5 BP 2026 EP 2030 PG 5 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA NL970 UT WOS:A1994NL97000028 PM 8063665 ER PT J AU KRONICK, PL SACKS, MS AF KRONICK, PL SACKS, MS TI MATRIX MACROMOLECULES THAT AFFECT THE VISCOELASTICITY OF CALFSKIN SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HUMAN-SKIN; COLLAGEN; ELASTIN AB The chemical basis of viscoelasticity of bovine skin was explored by mechanical relaxation spectroscopy after selective enzymatic degradation. Measurements covered a wide range of time scales because water was replaced in the tissue with aqueous mixtures of ethylene glycol, which maintained a water-like electrical environment for the charged macromolecules down to -50-degrees-C. Macromolecular components that couple the fibrils to the interfibrillar matrix contribute about half the values of the resultant storage and loss moduli, while removal of components that are readily extractable, so perhaps free in the matrix, did not alter these mechanical quantities or their relaxations. The precision of the method reveals the effects of fibril-attached matrix, when conventional methods of mechanical testing fail. RP KRONICK, PL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0148-0731 J9 J BIOMECH ENG-T ASME JI J. Biomech. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 1994 VL 116 IS 2 BP 140 EP 145 DI 10.1115/1.2895712 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA NP759 UT WOS:A1994NP75900002 PM 8078320 ER PT J AU SKADSEN, RW TIBBOT, BK AF SKADSEN, RW TIBBOT, BK TI TEMPORAL EXPRESSION PATTERNS OF ALPHA-AMYLASE ISOZYMAL GENES IN POLYSOMAL AND TOTAL RNAS OF GERMINATING BARLEYS SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALEURONE CELLS; MESSENGER-RNA; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; HORMONAL-REGULATION; GIBBERELLIC-ACID; STARCH GRANULES; LAYERS; HYBRIDIZATION; PURIFICATION; RIBONUCLEASE RP SKADSEN, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 19 IS 3 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1006/jcrs.1994.1027 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA NN805 UT WOS:A1994NN80500001 ER PT J AU SCHMIDT, JO AF SCHMIDT, JO TI ATTRACTION OF REPRODUCTIVE HONEY-BEE SWARMS TO ARTIFICIAL NESTS BY NASONOV PHEROMONE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HONEY BEE; APIS-MELLIFERA; HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE; PHEROMONE; ATTRACTANT; NASONOV; SWARMS; CITRAL; GERANIOL; NEROLIC ACID; GERANIC ACID ID HYMENOPTERA; PREFERENCES; APIDAE AB A crossover experimental design was established to test the attractancy of Nasonov pheromone to reproductive swarms of honey bees. Nineteen swarms were attracted to artificial nest cavities containing a slow-release blend of the Nasonov components citral, geraniol, and nerolic + geranic acids, and only four swarms were attracted to pheromone-free artificial nests. The results indicate that Nasonov pheromone plays a key role in the attraction of honey bee swarms to nest cavities. RP SCHMIDT, JO (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1053 EP 1056 DI 10.1007/BF02059741 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NJ989 UT WOS:A1994NJ98900006 PM 24242302 ER PT J AU BORGES, M ALDRICH, JR AF BORGES, M ALDRICH, JR TI ATTRACTANT PHEROMONE FOR NEARCTIC STINK BUG, EUSCHISTUS-OBSCURUS (HETEROPTERA, PENTATOMIDAE) - INSIGHT INTO A NEOTROPICAL RELATIVE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EUSCHISTUS-HEROS; BEHAVIOR; OLFACTOMETER; ATTRACTION; VOLATILES ID NEZARA-VIRIDULA; HEMIPTERA; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY AB Volatiles from Euschistus obscurus males were found to be attractive to conspecific females in bioassays. A new type of olfactometer assembled from commercially available glassware was used to bioassay aeration extracts of the Nearctic stink bug, E. obscurus. Fractionated extracts suggest that pheromonal activity is associated with late-eluting, male-specific compounds. Research on E. obscurus offered a means to indirectly study the pheromone of the Neotropical pest species, E. heros, without importing this soybean pest into the United States. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BORGES, M (reprint author), EMBRAPA CENARGEN ACB,CX POSTAL 02372,BR-70849970 BRASILIA,DF,BRAZIL. RI Borges, Miguel/C-6937-2013 NR 17 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1095 EP 1102 DI 10.1007/BF02059745 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NJ989 UT WOS:A1994NJ98900010 PM 24242306 ER PT J AU ALDRICH, JR OLIVER, JE LUSBY, WR KOCHANSKY, JP BORGES, M AF ALDRICH, JR OLIVER, JE LUSBY, WR KOCHANSKY, JP BORGES, M TI IDENTIFICATION OF MALE-SPECIFIC VOLATILES FROM NEARCTIC AND NEOTROPICAL STINK BUGS (HETEROPTERA, PENTATOMIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HETEROPTERA; PENTATOMIDAE; PHEROMONE; ATTRACTANT; EUSCHISTUS; SOYBEAN; METHYL-2,6,10-TRIMETHYLTRIDECANOATE ID HEMIPTERA AB Males of the Central American stink bug species, Euschistus obscurus, produce an attractant pheromone composed of a blend of compounds characteristic of North American Euschistus spp. and the South American soybean pest, E. heros. The range of E. obscurus extends into the southern United States, the species is easy to rear, and males produce an exceptionally large quantity of pheromone (>0.5 mug/day/male). These factors made E. obscurus useful for characterizing the novel pheromone components of E. heros without importing this pest species into the United States. Euschistus obscurus males produce methyl (2E,4Z)-decadienoate (61 %) in abundance, which is characteristic of North American species, and methyl 2,6,10-trimethyltridecanoate (27 %), the main male-specific ester of E. heros. The chirality of Euschistus spp. methyl-branched esters, and field activity of synthetic formulations, remain to be determined. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. EMBRAPA CENARGEN ACB,BR-70849970 BRASILIA,DF,BRAZIL. RP ALDRICH, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,AGR RES CTR W,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BLDG 007,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Borges, Miguel/C-6937-2013 NR 10 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1103 EP 1111 DI 10.1007/BF02059746 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NJ989 UT WOS:A1994NJ98900011 PM 24242307 ER PT J AU ESTELL, RE ANDERSON, DM HAVSTAD, KM AF ESTELL, RE ANDERSON, DM HAVSTAD, KM TI EFFECTS OF ORGANIC-SOLVENTS ON USE OF TARBUSH BY SHEEP SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FLOURENSIA-CERNUA; LEAF SURFACE; ORGANIC SOLVENTS; SHEEP; HERBIVORY; TARBUSH ID RUMINANTS AB Tarbush (Flourensia cernua DC) is a native perennial shrub prevalent in many parts of the Chihuahuan Desert. Ruminants have exhibited limited use of tarbush leaves and new leaders as a forage during the summer growing season. Efforts to increase use of tarbush by lambs through spraying with various organic solvents were unsuccessful, probably because of the highly variable response. However, complete immersion of tarbush in organic solvents (acetone and ethanol) increased (P < 0.01) tarbush use by ram lambs when compared to unaltered tarbush. Data suggest that removal of secondary compounds from the leaf surface of tarbush using organic solvents enhanced acceptability of tarbush to sheep. RP ESTELL, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPTL RANGE,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1137 EP 1142 DI 10.1007/BF02059749 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NJ989 UT WOS:A1994NJ98900014 PM 24242310 ER PT J AU HELLER, SR BIGWOOD, DW MAY, WE AF HELLER, SR BIGWOOD, DW MAY, WE TI EXPERT-SYSTEMS FOR EVALUATING PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTY-VALUES .1. AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HENRY LAW CONSTANTS; WATER SOLUBILITY; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENT; ALKYLBENZENES; INSECTICIDES; HYDROCARBONS; TEMPERATURE; PESTICIDES; CHEMICALS AB Providing consistent data evaluation is critical to scientific studies. An expert system for evaluating the efficacy of the reported methodology for determining aqueous solubility is described and compared with two other similar manual data quality evaluation systems. The expert system, SOL, is a post-peer review filter for data evaluation. SOL has been designed to run on any IBM-PC compatible computer using the CLIPS public domain expert system shell. C1 USDA,NATL AGR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP HELLER, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NPS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 34 IS 3 BP 627 EP 636 DI 10.1021/ci00019a023 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA NN745 UT WOS:A1994NN74500023 ER PT J AU FRENCH, AD DOWD, MK AF FRENCH, AD DOWD, MK TI ANALYSIS OF THE RING-FORM TAUTOMERS OF PSICOSE WITH MM3(92) SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR MECHANICS; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; PUCKERING PARAMETERS; FIELD; MM3 AB By nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the four ring forms of psicose, alpha- and beta-pyranose and alpha- and beta-furanose, have almost equal concentrations in aqueous solution. Prediction of this equilibrium by molecular mechanics tests both the balance within the force field and the methods for including the many degrees of freedom in the system. For both the alpha- and beta-furanoses, each of 410 different ring shapes was studied in combination with 3(7) combinations of staggered side-group orientations. Of these, 48 and 57 initial combinations of side-group orientations contributed to the alpha- and beta-furanose energy surfaces. The pyranoses were analyzed in two steps. First, the 38 characteristic ring conformations were optimized with the 6(3) staggered side-group combinations. All combinations that gave the lowest energy at one or more of the 38 shapes (20 combinations for alpha-pyranose, 15 for beta-pyranose) were then optimized with 4912 different ring forms. Ring conformations were generated by fixing nonadjacent ring atoms (two for furanose rings, three for pyranoses) at increments of 0.1 Angstrom from the plane of the remaining three atoms. At a dielectric constant of 4.0, prediction was in fair agreement with the NMR results. Model northern and southern conformers contribute to the furanose equilibrium, and both chairs are important for alpha-psicopyranose. (C) 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM ENGN,AMES,IA 50011. RP FRENCH, AD (reprint author), USDA,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 15 IS 5 BP 561 EP 570 DI 10.1002/jcc.540150508 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA NG572 UT WOS:A1994NG57200007 ER PT J AU STRANGE, ED VANHEKKEN, DL HOLSINGER, VH AF STRANGE, ED VANHEKKEN, DL HOLSINGER, VH TI EFFECT OF SODIUM-CHLORIDE ON THE SOLUBILITY OF CASEINS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CASEIN; SALT; SOLUBILITY ID BETA-CASEIN; FRACTIONS; BINDING AB The functionality of caseins in food systems depends on their solubility. The solubilities of whole casein, alphas1-casein, beta-casein, and dephosphorylated whole casein were measured as the pH was adjusted from 7 to 2 with HCl. When NaCl was added before PH adjustment, solubilities of whole casein at pH 2.5 decreased by 25, 40, 85, and 98% at NaCl concentrations of .01, .05, .1 and .2 M, respectively. Likewise, solubilities of dephosphorylated whole casein decreased by 50%, alpha(s)1-casein by 30%, and beta-casein by 90% in . 1 M NaCl. When .01 and .05 M NaCl were added to whole casein solutions after pH adjustment, effects on solubility were slight; however, . 1 and .2 M NaCl decreased solubility by 30 and 95%, respectively. When NaCl was added to casein solutions, pH decreased if the original solution was above the isoionic point, indicating Na ion binding; however, at pH between 5 and 3, the pH of the solution increased when NaCl was added. The pH shift upon addition of NaCl to dephosphorylated casein was less than with native caseins, suggesting that Na ion binding by phosphate and acid groups occurred in casein. Although NaCl is commonly used in food processing, these unusual solubility effects should be considered when NaCl is used with casein. RP STRANGE, ED (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 18 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1216 EP 1222 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA NL681 UT WOS:A1994NL68100009 ER PT J AU GOFF, JP HORST, RL AF GOFF, JP HORST, RL TI CALCIUM SALTS FOR TREATING HYPOCALCEMIA - CARRIER EFFECTS, ACID-BASE-BALANCE, AND ORAL VERSUS RECTAL ADMINISTRATION SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM CHLORIDE; DAIRY COWS; HYPOCALCEMIA; ACID-BASE BALANCE ID PARTURIENT PARESIS; MILK FEVER; DAIRY-COWS; PREVENTION; PREPARTUM; CATIONS; DIET AB Oral Ca salt supplements are being used to combat hypocalcemia in dairy cows. The absorption of these Ca supplements is dependent on the salt and carrier used. In the studies presented, the magnitude of the rise in plasma Ca concentration following administration of the Ca preparation was used as an index of Ca absorption by the gastrointestinal tract. Calcium chloride preparations in a water-soluble carrier (propylene glycol) were absorbed more readily than Ca propionate in propylene glycol, but Ca propionate effected a more sustained increase in plasma Ca concentration. Vegetable oil preparations of these salts were poorly absorbed. Calcium chloride preparations induced a significant decrease in blood and urine pH. Calcium propionate salts did not alter acid-base balance. Rectal administration of Ca salts could raise plasma Ca concentration rapidly, but caused serious pathological lesions, precluding their use. RP GOFF, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 18 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1451 EP 1456 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA NL681 UT WOS:A1994NL68100032 PM 8046084 ER PT J AU METZGER, JS HANSEN, LB NORMAN, HD WOLFE, CW PEDERSEN, J AF METZGER, JS HANSEN, LB NORMAN, HD WOLFE, CW PEDERSEN, J TI COMPARISON OF UNITED-STATES AND DANISH STRAINS OF JERSEYS FOR YIELD TRAITS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HETEROSIS; JERSEYS; YIELD TRAITS ID ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; GENETIC-PARAMETERS; DAIRY-CATTLE; MILK-YIELD; GENOTYPE; MEXICO AB Eleven US and 11 Danish young bulls were AI sampled in the US and Denmark. The milking daughters of these sires provided an opportunity for comparison of the US and Danish Jersey populations. Danish age and month of calving and DIM adjustment factors were developed so that Danish and US records could be compared on a standardized basis (305-d lactation, mature equivalent). Least squares and animal model analyses were used to estimate strain differences and effects of heterosis. Jerseys from the US had superiority over Danish Jerseys of approximately 1000 kg for milk and 17 kg for protein. However, Danish Jerseys had an advantage of 20 kg for fat. Estimates of heterosis from crosses of US and Danish Jerseys were 1.5 to 3% of the mean for milk, fat, and protein yields. Correlations of EBV from official genetic evaluations of the US and Denmark were high, greater-than-or-equal-to .78, for the project bulls, providing little evidence of an interaction of genotype and environment. C1 USDA ARS,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20704. AMER JERSEY CATTLE CLUB,REYNOLDSBURG,OH 43068. DANISH AGR ADVISORY CTR,AARHUS,DENMARK. RP METZGER, JS (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ANIM SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1457 EP 1465 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA NL681 UT WOS:A1994NL68100033 PM 8046085 ER PT J AU MEINERT, TR NORMAN, HD AF MEINERT, TR NORMAN, HD TI RECORDS CONTRIBUTING TO NATIONAL GENETIC EVALUATIONS BY YEAR, REGISTRATION STATUS, HERD SIZE, AND REGION SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GENETIC EVALUATIONS; REGISTERED DAIRY CATTLE; USABLE RECORDS ID TRENDS AB Lactation records from official DHIA were screened for usability in computing USDA-DHIA genetic evaluations. Counts of usable lactation records by state, registration status, and year were examined. Number of cows enrolled in official record-keeping plans of DHIA was the denominator for calculation of percentage of official DHIA records usable in genetic evaluations for state-years. Percentage of official records usable for genetic evaluations had a small increase from 44% during 1968 to 49% during 1978, had a steep increase through 1988 (65%), and then showed little change during the last 2 yr. Number of usable records of registered cows for genetic evaluations increased from 604,570 during 1968 to 864,630 during 1990, which, nevertheless, represented a decline from 64% of all usable records during 1968 to only 42% during 1990. Effects of year, DHIA region, average herd size, and average percentage of registered cows were important for explaining variation in percentage of records usable for genetic evaluations for state-years. States with large average herd sizes and low percentages of dairy cows that were registered had low percentages of records usable for genetic evaluations. Increased official DHIA participation and improved sire identification increases the percentage of records usable for genetic evaluations and helps facilitate genetic improvement. RP MEINERT, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1466 EP 1476 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA NL681 UT WOS:A1994NL68100034 PM 8046086 ER PT J AU FREETLY, HC FERRELL, CL AF FREETLY, HC FERRELL, CL TI NET UPTAKES OF ESTRADIOL-17-BETA AND PROGESTERONE ACROSS THE PORTAL-DRAINED VISCERA AND THE LIVER OF EWES SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC-CLEARANCE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; BLOOD-FLOW; ESTRADIOL; SHEEP; CYTOCHROME-P-450; SECRETION; NUTRITION; STEROIDS AB The objective of this study was to determine whether circulating concentrations or prior exposure to oestradiol-17 beta (OE(2)) and progesterone affected their uptake by splanchnic tissues. Catheters were surgically placed in the portal vein, a branch of the hepatic vein, a mesenteric vein and the abdominal aorta of three multiparous ovariectomized Dorset ewes. Blood and plasma flow across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and the liver, and net uptake of OE(2) and O-2 consumption in these same tissues were determined in ovariectomized ewes (control), during OE(2) infusion into the jugular vein, 7 days after an OE(2) implant had been given, and during OE(2) infusion into the jugular vein 7 days after an OE(2) implant. The above treatments were repeated for progesterone. Plasma flows across visceral organs were determined by marker dilution (para-aminohippuric acid), and OE(2) and progesterone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. During the infusion with OE(2), OE(2) arterial concentration (mean +/- S.D.) was 346 +/- 199 pg/ml, PDV net uptake was 9.7 +/- 5.6 mu g OE(2)/h and hepatic net uptake was 15.5 +/- 9.5 mu g OE(2)/h. Hepatic uptake was 82% of the jugular OE(2) infusion rate. Blood flow and oxygen consumption by hepatic tissue increased when ewes were exposed to an OE(2) implant for 7 days. During the infusion with progesterone, progesterone arterial concentration (mean +/- S.D.) was 8.8 +/- 3.4 ng/ml, PDV net uptake was 220 +/- 118 mu g progesterone/h and hepatic net uptake was 238 +/- 52 mu g progesterone/h. Hepatic net uptake was 23% of the progesterone jugular infusion rate. RP FREETLY, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU J ENDOCRINOLOGY LTD PI BRISTOL PA 17/18 THE COURTYARD, WOODLANDS, ALMONDSBURY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS12 4NQ SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 141 IS 2 BP 353 EP 358 DI 10.1677/joe.0.1410353 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA NP422 UT WOS:A1994NP42200021 PM 8046306 ER PT J AU LOEHMAN, E DINAR, A AF LOEHMAN, E DINAR, A TI COOPERATIVE SOLUTION OF LOCAL EXTERNALITY PROBLEMS - A CASE OF MECHANISM DESIGN APPLIED TO IRRIGATION SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID COST SHARE EQUILIBRIA; PUBLIC GOOD; ALLOCATION AB Cooperative solutions to ameliorate externalities may be Pareto superior compared to noncooperative abatement strategies, but such solutions may not be adopted without appropriate institutional mechanisms. To achieve cooperative outcomes voluntarily, there must be methods of determining cost shares and identifying preferred solutions. Here, the design of a process and a related algorithm are proposed, based on concepts of welfare economics and game theory for public goods and externalities. Simulation of the process for an irrigation externality problem in the Central Valley of California demonstrates existence of a unanimously preferred solution with improved water quality. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 WORLD BANK,DEPT AGR & NAT RESOURCES,WASHINGTON,DC 20433. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT AGR ECON,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA ERS,DAVIS,CA. RP LOEHMAN, E (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 50 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0095-0696 J9 J ENVIRON ECON MANAG JI J.Environ.Econ.Manage. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 26 IS 3 BP 235 EP 256 DI 10.1006/jeem.1994.1015 PG 22 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NJ299 UT WOS:A1994NJ29900002 ER PT J AU SHARPLEY, AN CHAPRA, SC WEDEPOHL, R SIMS, JT DANIEL, TC REDDY, KR AF SHARPLEY, AN CHAPRA, SC WEDEPOHL, R SIMS, JT DANIEL, TC REDDY, KR TI MANAGING AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS FOR PROTECTION OF SURFACE WATERS - ISSUES AND OPTIONS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID POULTRY WASTE-DISPOSAL; BIOAVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; FERTILIZED SOILS; PLANT NUTRIENTS; RUNOFF LOSSES; LAKES; MANAGEMENT; EVERGLADES; TILLAGE; EROSION AB The accelerated eutrophication of most freshwaters is limited by P inputs. Nonpoint sources of P in agricultural runoff now contribute a greater portion of freshwater inputs, due to easier identification and recent control of point sources. Although P management is an integral part of profitable agrisystems, continued inputs of fertilizer and manure P in excess of crop requirements have led to a build-up of soil P levels, which are of environmental rather than agronomic concern, particularly in areas of intensive crop and livestock production. Thus, the main issues facing the establishment of economically and environmentally sound P management systems are the identification of soil P levels that are of environmental concern; targeting specific controls for different water quality objectives within watersheds; and balancing economic with environmental values. In developing effective options, we have brought together agricultural and limnological expertise to prioritize watershed management practices and remedial strategies to mitigate nonpoint-source impacts of agricultural P. Options include runoff and erosion control and P-source management, based on eutrophic rather than agronomic considerations. Current soil test P methods may screen soils on which the aquatic bioavailability of P should be estimated. Landowner options to more efficiently utilize manure P include basing application rates on soil vulnerability to P loss in runoff, manure analysis, and programs encouraging manure movement to a greater hectareage. Targeting source areas may be achieved by use of indices to rank soil vulnerability to P loss in runoff and lake sensitivity to P inputs. C1 WISCONSIN DEP NAT RESOURCES,MADISON,WI 53707. UNIV DELAWARE,DEP PLANT SCI,NEWARK,DE 19717. UNIV COLORADO,CADSWES,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT AGRON,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT SOIL SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP SHARPLEY, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. RI Chapra, Steven/A-5752-2008 OI Chapra, Steven/0000-0003-0238-6376 NR 92 TC 787 Z9 903 U1 43 U2 299 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 23 IS 3 BP 437 EP 451 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NM670 UT WOS:A1994NM67000005 ER PT J AU GUENZI, WD HUTCHINSON, GL BEARD, WE AF GUENZI, WD HUTCHINSON, GL BEARD, WE TI NITRIC AND NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS AND SOIL NITRATE DISTRIBUTION IN A CENTER-PIVOT-IRRIGATED CORNFIELD SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID N2O EMISSIONS; NO; SYSTEM AB Research on soil N loss mechanisms remains a high priority not only because of the need to increase agricultural N use efficiency, but also because of environmental concerns such as NO3- contamination of groundwater and increasing N oxide concentrations in the atmosphere. We measured NO and N2O emissions and downward movement of NO3- in an eastern Colorado corn (Zea mays L.) field irrigated with a modified center-pivot system that applied water to alternate furrows. One hour after infiltration of the irrigation water, emission rates measured by an enclosure method ranged from 0 to 6 g N ha-1 d-1 for NO and 0 to 26 g N ha-1 d-1 for NA The emission rates were largest after the first irrigation and much smaller following subsequent irrigations. Greater N oxide evolution from nonirrigated furrows than adjacent irrigated furrows probably resulted from lateral transport of gases produced in the wet soil. Analyses of soil cores taken after planting and after harvest provided no evidence that NO3- moved below the root zone during the growing season, despite the presence of substantially more inorganic N than required for maximum corn yield. These data suggest that when the size and frequency of irrigations are efficiently managed, use of a low energy precision application (LEPA) irrigation system results in no N loss to groundwater and no economically significant gaseous N oxide loss to the atmosphere. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL PLANT NUTRIENT RES UNIT,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 23 IS 3 BP 483 EP 487 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NM670 UT WOS:A1994NM67000010 ER PT J AU HEAGLE, AS MILLER, JE SHERRILL, DE AF HEAGLE, AS MILLER, JE SHERRILL, DE TI A WHITE CLOVER SYSTEM TO ESTIMATE EFFECTS OF TROPOSPHERIC OZONE ON PLANTS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TALL FESCUE PASTURE; INDICATORS; EXPOSURE; TOBACCO; INJURY; CLONES AB An ozone-sensitive (NC-S) and an ozone-resistant (NC-R) clone of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were tested to determine the feasibility of using them to indicate concentrations of tropospheric ozone (O3) and potential effects of O3 On plants. Plants of each clone were exposed daily in open-top field chambers to O3 concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 times the ambient concentrations for three summer seasons near Raleigh, NC. Foliar injury, foliar chlorophyll, and forage production of both clones were related directly to the O3 concentration. Ozone routinely injured leaves, suppressed foliar chlorophyll, and decreased growth of NC-S more than that of NC-R. Forage production was highly variable over a wide range of weather conditions, but the relative forage production rate of both clones under such conditions was similar and the seasonal O3 response relationship between NC-S and NC-R was relatively stable. The level of response of NC-S to O3 routinely increased from growth period to growth period suggesting an effect of previous exposure. More work is needed to calibrate the system over a wider range of ambient O3 levels and climatic conditions. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEP CROP SCI,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27606. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27606. RP HEAGLE, AS (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEP PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27606, USA. NR 40 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 23 IS 3 BP 613 EP 621 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NM670 UT WOS:A1994NM67000029 ER PT J AU BECNEL, JJ GEDEN, CJ AF BECNEL, JJ GEDEN, CJ TI DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF MICROSPORIDIA FROM MUSCIDIFURAX RAPTOR (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE), A PUPAL PARASITOID OF MUSCOID FLIES SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; MICROSPORA; TAXONOMY; ULTRASTRUCTURE ID HOUSEFLY DIPTERA; CULTURED-CELL; SPORES; NOSEMA AB A microsporidian parasite, Nosema muscidifuracis n. sp., has been found in Muscidifurax raptor, a parasitoid of muscoid flies. Stages of the parasite developed in direct contact with the host cell cytoplasm and were detected in midgut epithelium, Malpighian tubules, ovaries (including oocytes) and fat body of larvae and adults. Spores were also detected within eggs deposited on the host. Light and electron microscopy revealed a developmental cycle with diplokaryotic stages dividing by binary fission and disporous sporulation sequences producing diplokaryotic spores of three morphological classes, differing significantly only in length of the polar filament. Two of the classes were found in larvae, pupae and adults. One of these, with about five turns in the coiled polar filament, is presumed to be responsible for transmission from cell to cell within the host (autoinfection) and the other, with about 10 turns, responsible for transmission from host to host. A third class, with about 15 turns in the polar filament, was found in eggs of M. raptor. It is, presumably, either involved in initiation and spread of the infection at eclosion or is responsible for horizontal transmission to a new host individual when eggs are cannibalized. RP BECNEL, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 41 IS 3 BP 236 EP 243 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1994.tb01504.x PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NR120 UT WOS:A1994NR12000012 ER PT J AU SCOTT, HB OLIVER, MJ AF SCOTT, HB OLIVER, MJ TI ACCUMULATION AND POLYSOMAL RECRUITMENT OF TRANSCRIPTS IN RESPONSE TO DESICCATION AND REHYDRATION OF THE MOSS TORTULA-RURALIS SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE DESICCATION TOLERANCE; RECOVERY; CDNA CLONES; POLYSOMAL RNA; TORTULA RURALIS ID PLANT CRATEROSTIGMA-PLANTAGINEUM; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; TOLERANT MOSS; ABSCISIC-ACID; WATER-STRESS; STABILITY; RNA; REPAIR; GENES; ABA AB In a continuing effort to understand vegetative desiccation tolerance in poikilohydric plants we have isolated cDNA clones that represent transcripts involved in the response of the desiccation-tolerant moss Tortula ruralis to desiccation and rehydration. These clones were used in Northern analyses to determine the expression characteristics of the represented transcripts following the desiccation and rehydration of the moss gametophytes. The clones were classified into three groups; hydration, recovery and constitutive, according to their recruitment into polysomal fractions in response to the treatment. The expression characteristics of these clones confirmed the hypothesis that the response of the moss to desiccation and rehydration involves an alteration in the control of translation (at least at the level of transcript recruitment into polysomes). However, this analysis also revealed that changes in the level of transcript accumulation plays an important role in the change in gene expression manifested upon rehydration. C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,PLANT STRESS GRP,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. NR 24 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 45 IS 274 BP 577 EP 583 DI 10.1093/jxb/45.5.577 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NV181 UT WOS:A1994NV18100009 ER PT J AU FINKELMAN, FD MADDEN, KB CHEEVER, AW KATONA, IM MORRIS, SC GATELY, MK HUBBARD, BR GAUSE, WC URBAN, JF AF FINKELMAN, FD MADDEN, KB CHEEVER, AW KATONA, IM MORRIS, SC GATELY, MK HUBBARD, BR GAUSE, WC URBAN, JF TI EFFECTS OF INTERLEUKIN-12 ON IMMUNE-RESPONSES AND HOST PROTECTION IN MICE INFECTED WITH INTESTINAL NEMATODE PARASITES SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CELL STIMULATORY FACTOR; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPE SELECTION; NON-T CELLS; IGE RESPONSE; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; GOAT ANTIBODY; IFN-GAMMA; MOUSE IGD; NON-B AB The cytokine interleukin (IL) 12 stimulates T cell and natural killer cell Production of interferon (IFN) gamma and inhibits T cell production of IL-4. We investigated the effects of IL-12 on cytokine gene expression, immunoglobulin (Ig)E, mucosal mast cell, and eosinophil responses, and the course of infection in mice inoculated with the nematode parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, as well as the IFN-gamma dependence of these effects. IL-12 stimulated IFN-gamma and IL-10 gene expression during primary and secondary N. Brasiliensis infections and inhibited IL-3; IL-4, IL-5, and IL-9 gene expression during primary infections but had little inhibitory effect during secondary infections. IL-12 inhibited IgE, mucosal mast cell, and blood and tissue eosinophil responses during primary infections, but only eosinophil responses during secondary infections. IL-12 enhanced adult worm survival and egg production during primary, but not secondary infections. IL-12 needed to be administered by day 4 of a primary infection to inhibit IgE and mucosal mast cell responses, and by day 6 to strongly inhibit eosinophil responses and to enhance worm survival and fecundity. Anti-IFN-gamma mAb inhibited the effects of IL-12 on IgE secretion, intestinal mucosal mastocytosis, and parasite survival and fecundity, but did not affect IL-12 inhibition of eosinophilia. These observations indicate that IL-12, if administered during the initiation of an immune response, can change the response from one that is characterized by the production of T helper (Th)2-associated cytokines to one characterized by the production of Th-l associated cytokines. However, IL-12 treatment has less of an effect once the production of Th2-associated cytokines has become established. In addition, our results provide evidence that Th2-associated responses protect against, and/or Th1-associated responses exacerbate, nematode infections. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PEDIAT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BETHESDA,MD 20814. NIAID,PARASIT DIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. HOFFMANN LA ROCHE INC,DEPT INFLAMMAT AUTOIMMUNE DIS,NUTLEY,NJ 07110. GENET INST INC,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02140. USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP FINKELMAN, FD (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MED,4301 JONES BRIDGE RD,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI121328] NR 48 TC 282 Z9 285 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD MAY 1 PY 1994 VL 179 IS 5 BP 1563 EP 1572 DI 10.1084/jem.179.5.1563 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA NH655 UT WOS:A1994NH65500017 PM 7909327 ER PT J AU CORRIER, DE NISBET, DJ SCANLAN, CM TELLEZ, G HARGIS, BM DELOACH, JR AF CORRIER, DE NISBET, DJ SCANLAN, CM TELLEZ, G HARGIS, BM DELOACH, JR TI INHIBITION OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS CECAL AND ORGAN COLONIZATION IN LEGHORN CHICKS BY A DEFINED CULTURE OF CECAL BACTERIA AND DIETARY LACTOSE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS-FLOW CULTURES; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; YOUNG CHICKENS; MICROFLORA; TYPHIMURIUM; INFECTION; PREVENTION; RESISTANCE; MIXTURE AB The effect of oral inoculation with a defined culture of cecal bacteria and provision of dietary lactose on colonization resistance to invasive Salmonella enteritidis was evaluated in leghorn chicks. A defined mixed culture composed of 11 indigenous cecal bacteria capable of utilizing lactose or lactose fermentation products as a primary carbon source was isolated and maintained in continuous-flow culture. Combined treatment with the defined culture and dietary lactose significantly decreased (P < 0.01) the number of Salmonella in the cecal contents and the number of Salmonella cecal-culture-positive chicks in four replicated trials. Additionally, Salmonella colonization of the spleen, liver, and cecal tonsils was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in each of the trials. The results indicate that the resistance of leghorn chicks to S. enteritidis cecal and organ colonization is effectively increased by inoculation with a defined culture of cecal bacteria and provision of lactose in the diet. C1 UNIV TEXAS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,AUSTIN,TX 78712. RP CORRIER, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTES,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 57 IS 5 BP 377 EP 381 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA NN281 UT WOS:A1994NN28100003 ER PT J AU JUNEJA, VK MARMER, BS MILLER, AJ AF JUNEJA, VK MARMER, BS MILLER, AJ TI GROWTH AND SPORULATION POTENTIAL OF CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS IN AEROBIC AND VACUUM-PACKAGED COOKED BEEF SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FOODBORNE DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAKS; COSTS AB Growth of Clostridium perfringens in aerobic- and anaerobic- (vacuum) packaged cooked ground beef was investigated. Autoclaved ground beef was inoculated with approximately 3.0-log10 CFU/g of C perfringens, packaged and stored at various temperatures. Vegetative cells and heat-resistant spores were enumerated by plating unheated and heated (75-degrees-C for 20 min) meat samples on tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine agar. Clostridium perfringens grew to >7 logs within 12 h at 28, 37 and 42-degrees-C under anaerobic atmosphere and at 37 and 42-degrees-C under aerobic conditions. At 28-degrees-C under aerobic conditions, growth was relatively slow and total viable count increased to >6 logs within 36 h. Similarly, growth at 15-degrees-C in air was both slower and less than under vacuum. Regardless of packaging, the organism either declined or did not grow at 4, 8 and 12-degrees-C. Spores were not found at <12-degrees-C. Spores were detected as early as 8 h at 42-degrees-C under anaerobic conditions, but in general, the type of atmosphere had little influence on sporulation at greater-than-or-equal-to 28-degrees-C. Temperature abuse (28-degrees-C storage) of refrigerated products for 6 h will not permit C perfringens growth. However, cyclic and static temperature abuse of such products for relatively long periods may lead to high and dangerous numbers of organisms. Reheating such products to an internal temperature of 65-degrees-C before consumption would prevent food poisoning since the vegetative cells were killed. RP JUNEJA, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 20 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 57 IS 5 BP 393 EP 398 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA NN281 UT WOS:A1994NN28100006 ER PT J AU RAHARJO, S DEXTER, DR WORFEL, RC SOFOS, JN SOLOMON, MB SHULTS, GW SCHMIDT, GR AF RAHARJO, S DEXTER, DR WORFEL, RC SOFOS, JN SOLOMON, MB SHULTS, GW SCHMIDT, GR TI RESTRUCTURING VEAL STEAKS WITH SALT/PHOSPHATE AND SODIUM ALGINATE CALCIUM LACTATE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RESTRUCTURED STEAKS; VEAL; NACL; PHOSPHATE; NA-ALGINATE; CA-LACTATE ID STRUCTURED BEEF STEAKS; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; OLEORESIN ROSEMARY; COLOR STABILITY; TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE; CHLORIDE; ROASTS; TURKEY; BINDER; SALT AB Quality characteristics of restructured steaks formulated with veal trimmings or veal leg meat and Na-alginate/Ca-lactate or salt (NaCl)/phosphate were evaluated. Trimmings restructured with salt/phosphate had higher (P<0.05) bind scores (measured instrumentally and by sensory) than veal trimmings restructured with Na-alginate/Ca-lactate. Salt/phosphate (0.3-0.5%) reduced (P<0.05) purge and increased binding force and sensory score of bind in restructured veal trimmings and leg meat compared to control and Na-alginate/Ca-lactate treatments. The use of Na-alginate/Ca-lactate as a binder for veal leg meat increased (P<0.05) binding force and sensory score of bind and decreased cook loss when used at 0.4%. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA ARS,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USA,NATICK RES,CTR DEV & ENGN,FOOD ENGN DIRECTORATE,PROD DEV & ENGN BRANCH,NATICK,MA 01760. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 59 IS 3 BP 471 EP 473 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb05540.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA NW348 UT WOS:A1994NW34800004 ER PT J AU ANG, CYW LIU, F TOWNSEND, WE FUNG, DYC AF ANG, CYW LIU, F TOWNSEND, WE FUNG, DYC TI SENSITIVE CATALASE TEST FOR END-POINT TEMPERATURE OF HEATED CHICKEN MEAT SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHICKEN MEAT; END-POINT TEMPERATURE; CATALASE TEST AB Our improved method enables detection of catalase-related activities as a biochemical marker for estimating cooking end-point temperature (EPT). The broad range of inactivation temperature in chicken tissues was first determined to be > 68 degrees C and < 72 degrees C. Then samples were heated to EPTs from 69 to 71.5 degrees C at 0.5 degrees C intervals. The catalase activity at 23 and 37 degrees C was followed up to 120 min. The probability of obtaining a positive result with an EPT of 69 degrees C was greater than or equal to 0.99 after 45 min when incubated at 23 degrees C. This probability decreased to less than or equal to 0.03 as EPT increased to 71 degrees C. Higher incubation temperatures (37 degrees C) increased the probability of positive results. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 59 IS 3 BP 494 EP 497 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb05545.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA NW348 UT WOS:A1994NW34800009 ER PT J AU GAMBLE, GR AF GAMBLE, GR TI NONINVASIVE DETERMINATION OF FREEZING EFFECTS IN BLUEBERRY FRUIT TISSUE BY MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-IMAGING SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BLUEBERRIES; FREEZING EFFECTS; SUGAR DISTRIBUTION; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING ID FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; FOOD PROTEINS; EMULSIFYING PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-PROPERTIES; FOAMING PROPERTIES; SOY GLYCININ; HYDROPHOBICITY; DENATURATION; CONGLYCININ AB Water and sugar distribution in a single blueberry were mapped both before and after freeze/thaw using magnetic resonance imaging. Images were obtained using a slice selective spin echo pulse sequence which included a T-1 inversion recovery time period, allowing selection of either the water signal or the sugar signal. Freeze/thaw results in the rupture of water retaining membranes within discrete locations of the fruit tissue. This causes a change in the ratio of motion modified water (i.e., hydrogen bonded or chemically exchanged) to unmodified (i.e. mobile and not chemically exchanged) in those regions, as well as a concomitant change in sugar concentration, due to diffusion to other tissues. RP GAMBLE, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 55 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 59 IS 3 BP 571 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb05564.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA NW348 UT WOS:A1994NW34800028 ER PT J AU PICCHIONI, GA WATADA, AE ROY, S WHITAKER, BD WERGIN, WP AF PICCHIONI, GA WATADA, AE ROY, S WHITAKER, BD WERGIN, WP TI MEMBRANE LIPID-METABOLISM, CELL-PERMEABILITY, AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL-CHANGES IN LIGHTLY PROCESSED CARROTS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MEMBRANE REPAIR; SENESCENCE; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; GLYCOLIPIDS; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STORAGE STABILITY; TISSUE-SLICES; FRUIT; DETERIORATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; SENESCENCE; SEPARATION; VEGETABLES AB We monitored changes in phospholipid (PL), steryl lipid, and glycolipid classes, cell permeability, and ultrastructure in wound-stressed tissues (shreds and disks) of carrots (Daucus carota L. 'Apache'), stored up to 10 days at 10 degrees C and 95% RH. Total PL rose 47% ten days after shredding, with phosphatidylcholine decreasing and phosphatidic acid increasing in relative abundance. Acylated sterol glycoside doubled after 2 days. Leakage of UV-absorbing metabolites from disks increased by 45% between 1 and 3 days storage. Extensive, storage-dependent accumulation of endoplasmic reticulum and attached ribosomes within vascular parenchyma cells occurred 10 days after wounding. Thus net synthesis of membrane lipid components occurred together with increases in permeability and the accumulation of phosphatidic acid. Membrane degradation and repair processes likely coexist during prolonged storage of lightly processed carrots. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP PICCHIONI, GA (reprint author), LOUISIANA TECH UNIV,DEPT AGR SCI TECHNOL & EDUC,POB 10198,RUSTON,LA 71272, USA. NR 57 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 59 IS 3 BP 597 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb05571.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA NW348 UT WOS:A1994NW34800035 ER PT J AU WIESENBORN, DP ORR, PH CASPER, HH TACKE, BK AF WIESENBORN, DP ORR, PH CASPER, HH TACKE, BK TI POTATO STARCH PASTE BEHAVIOR AS RELATED TO SAME PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POTATO; STARCH; PASTE; VISCOSITY AB Potato starch with anomalous stable (constant with time) paste viscosity has been proposed as a natural replacement for cross-linked starch, but its behavior and the influencing factors are not well understood. Starch from 44 samples of potato tubers representing 34 genotypes was analyzed for phosphorus, mean granule diameter, amylose, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium. Except for granule diameter, sodium, and potassium, each of those properties correlated significantly with one or more of five paste characteristics determined using the Brabender Visco-amylograph. Three samples had a stable viscosity in 1 yr of the study, but their behavior was not associated with unusual values of the other measured properties. The stable viscosity is probably a heritable trait influenced by cultural and climatic factors. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CEREAL SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. USDA ARS,POTATO RES LAB,E GRAND FORKS,MN 56721. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET SCI & MICROBIOL,FARGO,ND 58105. RP WIESENBORN, DP (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN & FOOD,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 15 TC 123 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 9 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 59 IS 3 BP 644 EP 648 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb05583.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA NW348 UT WOS:A1994NW34800047 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, R LYDON, J ANDERSON, JD AF TAYLOR, R LYDON, J ANDERSON, JD TI ANATOMY AND VIABILITY OF CANNABIS-SATIVA STEM CUTTINGS WITH AND WITHOUT ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE CRIMINALISTICS; MARIJUANA; HEMP; VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION; ROOT DEVELOPMENT AB The objective of this research was to determine the stage of root development of Cannabis sativa stem cuttings necessary to produce viable plants. Cuttings were made from one pistillate (female) plant and transplanted into pots when callus, newly emerging roots, or 1 to 2 mm long roots were present. Cuttings were grown for two weeks and survival and biomass accumulation were recorded. Cross sections of the stems and roots of cuttings and roots of seven-day-old seedlings were made for anatomical comparisons. Based on the cross sections, the general anatomical features of roots from seedlings and cuttings were similar. As in some other herbaceous species, adventitious roots of C. sativa stem cuttings develop from the vascular cambium. Two weeks after transplanting, all propagules from the three cutting types survived and grew. Total biomass accumulation and components of total biomass accumulation of the cuttings were not significantly different among cutting types. Thus, cuttings of C. sativa at the callus stage are capable of survival and growth comparable to rooted cuttings without any additional care beyond that normally given to plants established from seed. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BLDG 001,ROOM 236,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 12 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 39 IS 3 BP 769 EP 777 PG 9 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA NL936 UT WOS:A1994NL93600030 ER PT J AU KARNIELI, AM DISKIN, MH LANE, LJ AF KARNIELI, AM DISKIN, MH LANE, LJ TI CELMOD5 - A SEMIDISTRIBUTED CELL MODEL FOR CONVERSION OF RAINFALL INTO RUNOFF IN SEMIARID WATERSHEDS SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFILTRATION AB This paper introduces the general outline of CELMOD5, a parametric, semi-distributed, quasi-linear model, for conversion of rainfall into surface runoff. The model considers the watershed as a series of interconnected cell units, each representing a specific portion of the area of the watershed. In contrast to grid models using a large number of rectangular elements or cells, the number of cells in CELMOD is relatively small and their boundaries are chosen according to the watershed topography. For each cell, the program computes the surface runoff hydrograph at the cell outlet, related to a specified record of total rainfall data at a number of rain gages. If measured surface runoff data are available for some locations in the watersheds, the program can compare these data with computed values of surface runoff at the corresponding points of the cell model. Detailed descriptions are provided for the main model procedures - computation of rainfall excess, conversion of rainfall excess into surface outflow, routing the channel inflow and subtraction of channel losses. Special attention is given in this model to the specific conditions of arid or semi-arid watersheds. This paper is also concerned with a technique for calibrating and testing a forecasting model of storm hydrographs with emphasis on two objective functions - runoff volume and peak discharge. A method for evaluation procedure is presented based on the following five steps: trial and error calibration; sensitivity analysis; bilinear interpolation optimization; testing the model on different storm events; testing the model on a different watershed. Results are presented for all the larger storm events with reliable data during 12 years in two sub-watersheds of the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in southeastern Arizona. The evaluation procedure is demonstrated for one particular rainfall-runoff event. C1 USDA,ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. TECHNION ISRAEL INST TECHNOL,IL-32000 HAIFA,ISRAEL. RP KARNIELI, AM (reprint author), BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,J BLAUSTEIN INST DESERT RES,IL-84993 SEDE BOQER,ISRAEL. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 157 IS 1-4 BP 61 EP 85 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90099-X PG 25 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA NL365 UT WOS:A1994NL36500005 ER PT J AU DURU, JO HJELMFELT, AT AF DURU, JO HJELMFELT, AT TI INVESTIGATING PREDICTION CAPABILITY OF HEC-1 AND KINEROS KINEMATIC WAVE RUNOFF MODELS SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFILTRATION AB In this study, two distributed parameter, physically based, kinematic wave hydrologic models, HEC-1 and KINEROS, were tested on a 30.4 ha watershed located near Treynor, Iowa. The study had two objectives: (1) to determine the ability of the models to predict runoff with very limited calibration; (2) to determine how accurately the models can simulate runoff given accurate model parameters. The results show that HEC-1 can achieve good prediction of runoff with very limited calibration. It was not, however, possible to achieve the same level of prediction with the KINEROS model. Given good calibration, both models can simulate the rainfall-runoff process with great accuracy. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. FED UNIV TECHNOL OWERRI,SCH ENGN & ENGN TECHNOL,OWERRI,NIGERIA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 157 IS 1-4 BP 87 EP 103 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90100-7 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA NL365 UT WOS:A1994NL36500006 ER PT J AU RENARD, KG FREIMUND, JR AF RENARD, KG FREIMUND, JR TI USING MONTHLY PRECIPITATION DATA TO ESTIMATE THE R-FACTOR IN THE REVISED USLE SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL LOSS EQUATION; RAINFALL EROSIVITY AB The methods used to calculate both the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) erosivity factor (R) and the 10 year frequency storm erosion index value (EI10) are presented. As the calculation methods require long-term rainfall intensity data, and such data are not available for all application sites, an approach used to estimate the R-factor is described. Examples illustrating applications of the estimation technique in Africa, Asia, and other parts of the world are summarized. The method, which establishes correlations between measured R-values and more readily available precipitation data, is used to develop relations for estimating R-values in the USA. Correlations based on average monthly precipitation data and the R-factor values for 155 US stations were initially used to develop estimation relations. The 155 stations were segregated based on the annual distribution of monthly precipitation and the correlations improved. Exclusion of 23 stations with both 'winter-type' precipitation distributions and modified Fourier index values greater than 100 mm improved the relations for the remaining 132 stations (r2 = 0.81). An estimation relation for the EI10 is also presented. The R-factor and EI10 estimation relations should facilitate the use of RUSLE for locations with only monthly precipitation data. C1 EA ENGN SCI & TECHNOL INC,SEATTLE,WA 98127. RP RENARD, KG (reprint author), USDA,ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 46 TC 270 Z9 323 U1 10 U2 75 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 157 IS 1-4 BP 287 EP 306 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90110-4 PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA NL365 UT WOS:A1994NL36500016 ER PT J AU PETERSON, SW SIGLER, L AF PETERSON, SW SIGLER, L TI ISOLATION CHARACTERIZATION AND PRESERVATION OF MICROBIAL GERMPLASM - INTRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE CULTURE COLLECTIONS; MICROBIAL GERMPLASM; MAMMALIAN CELL CULTURE; ENTOMOPATHOGENS; ALGAE; HERBARIUM; PATENT CULTURE DEPOSITS C1 UNIV ALBERTA,MICROFUNGUS COLLECT & HERBARIUM,DEVONIAN BOT GARDEN,EDMONTON T6G 2E1,ALBERTA,CANADA. RP PETERSON, SW (reprint author), USDA,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 13 IS 3 BP 190 EP 190 DI 10.1007/BF01584006 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA PR147 UT WOS:A1994PR14700010 ER PT J AU HUMBER, RA AF HUMBER, RA TI SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR OPERATING A CULTURE COLLECTION OF FASTIDIOUS FUNGAL PATHOGENS SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article RP HUMBER, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 13 IS 3 BP 195 EP 196 DI 10.1007/BF01584009 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA PR147 UT WOS:A1994PR14700013 ER PT J AU PETERSON, SW AF PETERSON, SW TI THE AGRICULTURAL-RESEARCH-SERVICE PATENT CULTURE COLLECTION SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article RP PETERSON, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 13 IS 3 BP 199 EP 200 DI 10.1007/BF01584011 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA PR147 UT WOS:A1994PR14700015 ER PT J AU ABRAHAMSON, HB LUKASKI, HC AF ABRAHAMSON, HB LUKASKI, HC TI SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF IRON STEARATE COMPOUNDS SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT FILMS; ESTERIFIED FATTY-ACIDS; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; CARBOXYLATO COMPLEXES; METAL-COMPLEXES; BASIC ACETATES; MIXED-METAL; ABSORPTION; IRON(III) AB A derivative of a known trinuclear iron(III) stearate cluster was prepared from ferrous sulfate and sodium stearate in ethanol/water solvent with air oxidation. It was also prepared by increasing the pH of a solution of ferrous sulfate stirred with stearic acid. The formula for the trimer as prepared here is [Fe3O(St)(6)(H2O)(3)](+)St(-)(St(-) = stearate, n-C17H35CO2-). The reaction of ferric citrate with stearate to form the trimer does not go to completion. The true: composition of most iron stearates has not been well established previously. Two iron stearate compounds are available commercially; of these, only ''ferrous stearate'' appears to be a pure compound, albeit not a simple mononuclear one. The ''ferric stearate'' of commerce appears to be a mixture of stearic acid and a compound similar to the iron trimer prepared here. References exist to ''iron distearate hydroxide'' in the literature. The physical and spectroscopic properties of this compound are very similar to those of the iron trimer prepared here. Spectral data (mid- and far-IR, 300 MHz H-1 and 75 MHz C-13 NMR) and TGA/DSC data are reported for stearic acid, ''ferrous stearate,'' ''ferric stearate,'' and [Fe3O(St)(6)(H2O)(3)][St]. C1 USDA ARS, GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, GRAND FORKS, ND 58202 USA. RP UNIV N DAKOTA, DEPT CHEM, POB 9024, UNIV STN, GRAND FORKS, ND 58202 USA. NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 EI 1873-3344 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD MAY 1 PY 1994 VL 54 IS 2 BP 115 EP 130 DI 10.1016/0162-0134(94)80025-1 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA NW054 UT WOS:A1994NW05400004 ER PT J AU RAINA, AK RAFAELI, A KINGAN, TG AF RAINA, AK RAFAELI, A KINGAN, TG TI PHEROMONOTROPIC ACTIVITY OF ORALLY-ADMINISTERED PBAN AND ITS ANALOGS IN HELICOVERPA-ZEA SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PBAN; ORAL ACTIVITY; SEX PHEROMONE; CORN EARWORM; ELISA ID SARCOPHAGA-FALCULATA; BIOSYNTHESIS; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; HORMONE; PENTAPEPTIDE; POLYPEPTIDE; ABSORPTION; PASSAGE; MIDGUT AB Helicoverpa zea females do not produce pheromone during the photophase but can be induced to do so by injection of the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN). Based on this fact a bioassay was developed to determine if PBAN and its analogues could cause a pheromonotropic response when fed to the females. Starved photophase females fed PBAN and its penta- and hexapeptide analogues in a sucrose solution did produce significant amounts of pheromone. Activity essentially followed the same pattern as with injected peptides but was significantly lower in the feeding assay. Feeding with a radioactive hexapeptide analogue indicated that up to about 30% radioactivity could be recovered from the haemolymph after 45 min. Haemolymph samples taken at various intervals after feeding PBAN, and analysed by ELISA, indicated a positive correlation between pheromone production and the presence of immunoreactive-PBAN. The results of this study indicate that PBAN and its analogues can cause pheromone production in photophase females after oral administration and that the peptides do traverse the wall of the alimentary canal and appear in haemolymph. C1 AGR RES ORG, VOLCANI CTR, INST TECHNOL & STORAGE AGR PROD, IL-50250 BET DAGAN, ISRAEL. RP RAINA, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, BLDG 306, BARC E, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 24 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 EI 1879-1611 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 40 IS 5 BP 393 EP 397 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(94)90157-0 PG 5 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA NL095 UT WOS:A1994NL09500004 ER PT J AU LYNN, DE AF LYNN, DE TI ENHANCED INFECTIVITY OF OCCLUDED VIRIONS OF THE GYPSY-MOTH NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS FOR CELL-CULTURES SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; BACULOVIRUS; INSECT CELL CULTURE; POLYHEDRA-DERIVED VIRUS; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; GYPSY MOTH; IN-VITRO PASSAGE ID AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA; LINES; BACULOVIRUS; REPLICATION; PASSAGE; PROTEIN AB The occluded form of baculoviruses is much less infectious to cell cultures than the extracellular virus (ECV). In studies using alkaline solutions or insect gut fluids, from 3,600 to 54,000 occlusion bodies (OBs) were needed per infectious unit. Yet there are reasons for wanting to use OBs, namely, for monitoring the efficacy of polyhedra and to avoid problems associated with long-term passage of the ECV. In the present study, gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus OBs were dissolved in a sodium bicarbonate/sodium chloride solution and used to infect the gypsy moth fat body cell line (IPLB-LdFBc1). Using 27 mm Na2CO3 and 54 mm NaCl, the optimum time of dissolution was 30 min and approximately 1200 OBs were necessary to obtain one infectious unit. In addition, treatment of the dissolved OBs with 90 mug/ml trypsin for 2 hr resulted in only 21 OBs being necessary to obtain one infectious unit, an improvement of over 50-fold. Also, comparison with other cell lines showed two embryonic cell lines (IPLB-LdEp and IPLB-LdEIta) to be more susceptible to dissolved OBs. However, the infectivity to these other cell lines was not improved by trypsinization of dissolved OBs. Infection of fat body cell cultures through multiple passages using dissolved and trypsinized OBs still resulted in a decline in OB productivity over time but to a lesser degree than that with ECV. The same studies showed no increase in few polyhedra (FP) mutants when the virus was passed 15 times using polyhedra-derived virus, compared with an approximately 20% increase in FP mutants when ECV was used. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. RP LYNN, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BLDG 011A,ROOM 214,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 63 IS 3 BP 268 EP 274 DI 10.1006/jipa.1994.1051 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA NN045 UT WOS:A1994NN04500008 ER PT J AU STREETT, DA AF STREETT, DA TI ANALYSIS OF NOSEMA-LOCUSTAE (MICROSPORIDA, NOSEMATIDAE) CHROMOSOMAL DNA WITH PULSED-FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note ID SPORES; GERMINATION; INVITRO; RNA RP STREETT, DA (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 11 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 63 IS 3 BP 301 EP 303 DI 10.1006/jipa.1994.1055 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA NN045 UT WOS:A1994NN04500012 ER PT J AU HAMM, JJ STYER, EL STEINER, WW AF HAMM, JJ STYER, EL STEINER, WW TI REOVIRUS-LIKE PARTICLE IN THE PARASITOID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note C1 UNIV GEORGIA,VET DIAGNOST & INVEST LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES,COLUMBIA,MO 65205. RP HAMM, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 63 IS 3 BP 304 EP 306 DI 10.1006/jipa.1994.1056 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA NN045 UT WOS:A1994NN04500013 ER PT J AU GILLIAM, M LORENZ, BJ BUCHMANN, SL AF GILLIAM, M LORENZ, BJ BUCHMANN, SL TI ASCOSPHAERA-APIS, THE CHALKBROOD PATHOGEN OF THE HONEYBEE, APIS-MELLIFERA, FROM LARVAE OF A CARPENTER-BEE, XYLOCOPA-CALIFORNICA-ARIZONENSIS SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note ID GENUS RP GILLIAM, M (reprint author), USDA,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 63 IS 3 BP 307 EP 309 DI 10.1006/jipa.1994.1057 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA NN045 UT WOS:A1994NN04500014 ER PT J AU BOUWER, H AF BOUWER, H TI UNTITLED SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material RP BOUWER, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 120 IS 3 BP 467 EP 467 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1994)120:3(467) PG 1 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA NN118 UT WOS:A1994NN11800001 ER PT J AU GILLEY, JE KOTTWITZ, ER WIEMAN, GA AF GILLEY, JE KOTTWITZ, ER WIEMAN, GA TI HYDRAULIC CONDITIONS REQUIRED TO MOVE UNANCHORED RESIDUE MATERIALS SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENTS; SOIL-EROSION; STRAW; MANAGEMENT; CORNSTALK; FURROWS AB Hydraulic conditions required to initiate movement of unanchored residue materials are identified in the present study. Selected amounts of corn, cotton, pine needles, sorghum, soybean, sunflower, and wheat residue are placed in a flume on a sand surface, and flow is then introduced at the top of the flume in progressive increments. The discharge rate and flow velocity necessary to cause residue movement are determined. The ratio of critical flow depth to residue diameter, critical Reynolds number, critical shear stress, dimensionless shear stress, and boundary Reynolds number are calculated from hydraulic measurements. Regression equations are developed to relate dimensionless shear stress to boundary Reynolds number and residue diameter. Boundary Reynolds number, in turn, is related to residue diameter and cover. Close agreement is found between predicted and actual parameter values obtained from the regression relations. The regression equations can be used to estimate the beginning of motion for other residue materials if residue diameter and cover are known. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT BIOL SYST ENGN,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP GILLEY, JE (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 120 IS 3 BP 591 EP 606 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1994)120:3(591) PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA NN118 UT WOS:A1994NN11800010 ER PT J AU SCHAEFER, EJ LAMONFAVA, S COHN, SD SCHAEFER, MM ORDOVAS, JM CASTELLI, WP WILSON, PWF AF SCHAEFER, EJ LAMONFAVA, S COHN, SD SCHAEFER, MM ORDOVAS, JM CASTELLI, WP WILSON, PWF TI EFFECTS OF AGE, GENDER, AND MENOPAUSAL STATUS ON PLASMA LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AND APOLIPOPROTEIN-B LEVELS IN THE FRAMINGHAM-OFFSPRING-STUDY SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; TRIGLYCERIDES; CORONARY HEART DISEASE; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; HEART-DISEASE; A-I; RISK-FACTORS; DYSLIPIDEMIC HYPERTENSION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; NHLBI TWIN AB Plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and apoIipoprotein (ape) B, the major protein constituent of LDL, were measured in 1,533 men (mean age 49 + 10 years) and 1,597 women (mean age 49 rt 10 years) participating in the 3rd examination cycle of the Framingham Offspring Study. Mean plasma levels of LDL cholesterol and apoB were higher in men than in women (136 versus 132 mg/dl, P < 0.0001; and 109 Versus 95 mg/dl, P C 0.0001, respectively). Increased age was associated with higher plasma LDL cholesterol and apoB level, especially in women. After adjustment for age and body mass index, LDL cholesterol and apoB levels were still significantly higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women, indicating a hormonal effect on LDL metabolism The associations between coronary heart disease (CHD) and LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, apoB, and other plasma lipid and lipoprotein parameters were examined by dividing participants in four groups, based on approximate quartiles for these parameters. Elevated LDL cholesterol levels were not significantly associated with CHD in men, but were in women. This result, at variance with that of several longitudinal studies, is likely due to the cross-sectional design of our analysis. Elevated non-HDL cholesterol and apoB levels were significantly associated with the presence of CHD, in both males and females. A plasma apoB value greater than or equal to 125 mg/dl may be associated with an increased risk for CHD. Low plasma levels of HDL cholesterol were also significantly associated with CHD. Plasma triglyceride levels, age and body mass index were strong determinants of LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and apoB levels in men and women. In women, postmenopausal status and elevated blood pressure were also significantly associated with elevated levels of these parameters., C1 FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,EPIDEMIOL & BIOMETRY PROGRAM,FRAMINGHAM,MA. RP SCHAEFER, EJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HV-83-03] NR 65 TC 154 Z9 158 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 35 IS 5 BP 779 EP 792 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA NL017 UT WOS:A1994NL01700005 PM 8071601 ER PT J AU SCHAEFER, EJ LAMONFAVA, S ORDOVAS, JM COHN, SD SCHAEFER, MM CASTELLI, WP WILSON, PWF AF SCHAEFER, EJ LAMONFAVA, S ORDOVAS, JM COHN, SD SCHAEFER, MM CASTELLI, WP WILSON, PWF TI FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW AND ELEVATED PLASMA HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AND APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I LEVELS IN THE FRAMINGHAM-OFFSPRING-STUDY SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; TRIGLYCERIDES; CORONARY HEART DISEASE; BODY MASS INDEX; DIABETES MELLITUS; HYPERTENSION ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; HEART-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; TRANSPORT RATES; HEPATIC LIPASE; ALCOHOL INTAKE; RISK-FACTORS; MEN; TRIGLYCERIDE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB A decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level (< 35 mg/dl) has been shown to be a significant independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). Moreover, increased HDL cholesterol levels (greater than or equal to 60 mg/dl) are associated with a decreased CHD risk. Levels of HDL cholesterol and apoA-I, the major protein constituent of HDL, were measured in plasma from fasting participants in the Framingham Offspring Study (1,584 men and 1,639 women, mean age 49 +/- 10 years). In this population, an HDL choIesterol Value < 35 mg/dl was observed in 18.2% of men and 3.8% of women, and these subjects had mean apoA-I levels of 104 and 106 mg/dl, respectively, and triglyceride levels of 234 and 261 mg/dl, respectively. CHD was observed in 14.2% of men and 14.5% of women in this category An HDL cholesterol level greater than or equal to 60 mg/dl was observed in 11.7% of men and 39.3% of women, and these subjects had mean apoA-I levels of 182 and 185 mg/dl, respectively, and mean triglyceride levels of 81 and 75 mg/dl, respectively. CHD was noted in 2.7% of men and 1.9% of women in this category. HDL cholesterol levels were much more strongly related to triglycerides (r = -0.54 in men and -0.47 in women) than was apoA-I (r = -0.26 in men and -0.13 in women). The relationship between plasma HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels was not linear In both men and women, triglycerides, body mass index (BMI), and alcohol intake contributed significantly to HDL cholesterol and apoA-I variability. C1 FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,EPIDEMIOL & BIOMETRY PROGRAM,FRAMINGHAM,MA. RP SCHAEFER, EJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HV-83-03] NR 55 TC 151 Z9 158 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 35 IS 5 BP 871 EP 882 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA NL017 UT WOS:A1994NL01700013 PM 8071609 ER PT J AU ENDRIS, RG HESS, WR AF ENDRIS, RG HESS, WR TI ATTEMPTED TRANSOVARIAL AND VENEREAL TRANSMISSION OF AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS BY THE IBERIAN SOFT TICK ORNITHODOROS (PAVLOVSKYELLA) MAROCANUS (ACARI, IXODOIDEA, ARGASIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ORNITHODOROS (P) MAROCANUS; AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS; VIRUS TRANSMISSION ID MOUBATA-PORCINUS; ERRATICUS; ANTIBODIES; CORIACEUS; VECTORS; ASSAY AB Transovarial transmission experiments were conducted with three groups of Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) marocanus Velu; one group consisted of 27 pairs of adults that had been fed as larvae on a pig with a viremia of 10(7.4) HAd50/ml of African swine fever virus (ASFV). The second and third groups each consisted of 100 pairs of adults fed on a viremic pig (10(4.5)) HAd50/ml) as adults. The first group underwent five gonotrophic cycles over a 554-d period. The second and third groups underwent three and two gonotrophic cycles, respectively. All larvae were fed in individual cohorts on naive pigs and the resulting nymphs were assayed by cohort for ASFV. None of the larvae transmitted ASFV to naive pigs by bite and ASFV was not isolated in swine buffy coat cultures from any cohort of nymphs. Therefore, O. marocanus does not exhibit transovarial transmission of ASFV. Venereal transmission experiments were conducted with pairs of O. marocanus in which either the female (100 pairs) or the male (100 pairs), respectively, had fed on a viremic pig (10(4.5) HAd50/ml). Both groups underwent at least two gonotrophic cycles over a 470-d period, were sampled periodically for the presence of ASFV, and the progeny were tested for the presence of ASFV. Venereal transmission from male to female occurred in 10% (1/10) of O. marocanus after the first gonotrophic cycle, but not after the second or third gonotrophic cycle, and transovarian transmission in these groups was not observed. Venereal transmission from infected females to uninfected males did not occur. ASFV persisted through five gonotrophic cycles over a 554-d period in 30% of adults fed on a viremic pig as larvae. ASFV was cleared during three gonotrophic cycles within a year from nearly all ticks fed on a viremic pig as adults. Virus-induced mortality rates of 12-80% occurred among ticks fed on viremic animals, whereas, no mortality was seen in ticks fed on uninfected animals. ASFV infection in ticks did not affect feeding frequency, egg-hatch rate, or the oviposition rate among females fed on a viremic pig as adults. The oviposition mte for females fed on a viremic pig as larvae was reduced by 63.4%. Parthenogenesis was not observed among O. marocanus. The mean gonotrophic cycle duration for pig-fed O. marocanus at 27-degrees-C was 19.8 d and the mean fecundity was 88.3 +/- 17.9 eggs/female/gonotrophic cycle. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,NAA,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 31 IS 3 BP 373 EP 381 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA NJ554 UT WOS:A1994NJ55400006 PM 8057310 ER PT J AU DEGUZMAN, FS BRUSS, DR RIPPENTROP, JM GLOER, KB GLOER, JB WICKLOW, DT DOWD, PF AF DEGUZMAN, FS BRUSS, DR RIPPENTROP, JM GLOER, KB GLOER, JB WICKLOW, DT DOWD, PF TI OCHRINDOLES-A-D - NEW BIS-INDOLYL BENZENOIDS FROM THE SCLEROTIA OF ASPERGILLUS-OCHRACEUS NRRL-3519 SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID METABOLITES; FLAVUS AB Four new prenylated bis-indolyl benzenoid metabolites (ochrindoles A-D; 1-4) were isolated from antiinsectan organic extracts of the sclerotia of Aspergillus ochraceus (NRRL 3519). The structures of these compounds were determined primarily through HMBC, selective INEPT, and NOESY experiments. These compounds displayed moderate activity in feeding assays against the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea and the dried fruit beetle Carpophilus hemipterus. Compounds 1-4 also exhibited activity against Gram-positive bacteria. C1 UNIV IOWA,DEPT CHEM,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. FU NCI NIH HHS [K04 CA01571] NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOGNOSY PI CINCINNATI PA LLOYD LIBRARY & MUSEUM 917 PLUM ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45202 SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 57 IS 5 BP 634 EP 639 DI 10.1021/np50107a011 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA NT322 UT WOS:A1994NT32200011 PM 8064296 ER PT J AU BRYANT, FO CUTLER, HG PARKER, SR JACYNO, JM AF BRYANT, FO CUTLER, HG PARKER, SR JACYNO, JM TI EFFECT OF FUNGAL NATURAL-PRODUCTS IN AN AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS POTATO DISC ASSAY SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Note ID PLANT-GROWTH; TRICHODERMA-KONINGII; DIPLODIA-MACROSPORA; INHIBITOR; TOXIN AB An Agrobacterium tumefaciens potato disc assay was used to screen certain natural products (25 mu g/disc) from fungi for crown gall tumor/antitumor induction. Monorden (-75.0%), cladosporin (-79.0%), monocillin IV (-79.6%), duclauxin (-96.0%), diplodiol (-96.3%), and chaetoglobosin K (-99.0%) displayed concentration-dependent responses at 5, 10, 25, and 50 mu g/disc. These natural products were not antimicrobial as determined by sensitivity tests using fungi and bacteria, inclusive of A. tumefaciens. C1 USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. OHIO NO UNIV,RAABE COLL PHARM,ADA,OH 45810. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOGNOSY PI CINCINNATI PA LLOYD LIBRARY & MUSEUM 917 PLUM ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45202 SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 57 IS 5 BP 640 EP 643 DI 10.1021/np50107a012 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA NT322 UT WOS:A1994NT32200012 ER PT J AU WU, DY MEYDANI, SN SASTRE, J HAYEK, M MEYDANI, M AF WU, DY MEYDANI, SN SASTRE, J HAYEK, M MEYDANI, M TI IN-VITRO GLUTATHIONE SUPPLEMENTATION ENHANCES INTERLEUKIN-2 PRODUCTION AND MITOGENIC RESPONSE OF PERIPHERAL-BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS FROM YOUNG AND OLD SUBJECTS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE GLUTATHIONE; AGING; HUMANS; IMMUNE RESPONSE ID T-CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES; PROSTAGLANDIN-E2; AGENTS; MICE; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; PROLIFERATION; ACTIVATION; DECLINE; INVITRO AB The effect of in vitro glutathione (GSH) supplementation on mitogenic response, interleukin-l, interleukin-2 and prostaglandin E(2) production, and cellular GSH level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy young and old human subjects was studied. In vitro addition of GSH increased cellular GSH level (P < 0.001). Glutathione supplementation at concentrations between 2 to 10 mmol/L enhanced lymphocyte proliferation but at low concentrations (0.5 and 1 mmol/L) decreased mitogenic response. Glutathione-induced enhancement of lymphocyte proliferation due to phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A was greater in the PBMC from old subjects than in those from young subjects. At optimal concentration (5 mmol), GSH increased interleukin-2 production (P < 0.05) and decreased prostaglandin E(2) and leukotriene Bq production (P < 0.01) in both age groups. Furthermore, decreased PBMC mitogenic response by in vitro addition of prostaglandin E(2) was reversed by GSH supplementation. Glutathione did not have an effect on interleukin-1 production by PBMC from young subjects; however, GSH supplementation tended (P = 0.08) to increase interleukin-l production by PBMC from old subjects. We conclude that GSH supplementation enhances T cell-mediated mitogenic response in young and old subjects. This effect is due at least in part to decreased eicosanoid production. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR IMMUNOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,ANTIOXIDANT RES LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 35 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 124 IS 5 BP 655 EP 663 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA NK245 UT WOS:A1994NK24500007 PM 8169657 ER PT J AU YERGEY, AL ABRAMS, SA VIEIRA, NE ALDROUBI, A MARINI, J SIDBURY, JB AF YERGEY, AL ABRAMS, SA VIEIRA, NE ALDROUBI, A MARINI, J SIDBURY, JB TI DETERMINATION OF FRACTIONAL ABSORPTION OF DIETARY CALCIUM IN HUMANS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE MASS SPECTROMETRY; HUMANS; STABLE ISOTOPES; DIETARY CALCIUM ABSORPTION ID STABLE ISOTOPES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PREMATURE-INFANTS; KINETICS; TRACERS; CA-46; TESTS AB Four dual-isotopic label methods for determining true fractional absorption of dietary calcium were compared in 23 subjects. The ratio of the integrals of oral label in a 24-h pooled urine to intravenous label in the same urine is called alpha(24h) and was taken as the standard against which the others were compared. alpha(Spot) is the ratio of the fraction of oral label to the fraction of intravenous label in a single urine specimen; alpha(Lag) is the ratio of the level of oral label in blood 4 h after administration to the level of intravenous label in blood 2 h after administration. alpha(Dec) is obtained by deconvoluting response to the intravenous label from the response to the oral tracer. Results were as follows: alpha(24h) = 0.273 +/- 0.124, alpha(Dec) = 0.300 +/- 0.101 (n = 14), alpha(Spot) = 0.359 +/- 0.179, and alpha(Lag) = 0.271 +/- 0.103. The Bland-Altman approach for comparison of methods was used to show that results for alpha(Spot) and alpha(Lag) can be expected, with a 95% confidence limit, to differ from the value of alpha(24h) by 60 and 69%, respectively. The results for alpha(Dec) were shown to be not only indistinguishable from alpha(24h) but identical from a theoretical perspective. C1 USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX. NIH,BIOMED ENGN PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP YERGEY, AL (reprint author), NICHHD,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. RI Aldroubi, Akram/J-7186-2012; OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 27 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 124 IS 5 BP 674 EP 682 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA NK245 UT WOS:A1994NK24500009 PM 8169659 ER PT J AU ZHANG, S WONG, WW HACHEY, DL POND, WG KLEIN, PD AF ZHANG, S WONG, WW HACHEY, DL POND, WG KLEIN, PD TI DIETARY-CHOLESTEROL INHIBITS WHOLE-BODY BUT NOT CEREBRUM CHOLESTEROL-SYNTHESIS IN YOUNG-PIGS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS; CEREBRUM; (H2O)-H-2; TISSUE CHOLESTEROL; PIGS ID STEROL SYNTHESIS INVIVO; TRITIATED-WATER; RAT; PLASMA; METABOLISM; BRAIN; MODEL; LIVER AB We studied the effect of dietary cholesterol on tissue cholesterol synthesis in 10 genetically lean pigs using the (H2O)-H-2 incorporation method. Five pigs were fed a diet containing 0% cholesterol (controls) and five were fed a diet containing 0.5% cholesterol (cholesterol-fed) from d 1 to d 54 of age. From d 30 to d 54, they received (H2O)-H-2 and cholesterol synthesis was determined by measuring deuterium enrichment in erythrocyte cholesterol. All pigs were killed on d 54 and liver, ileum, jejunum, kidney, adipose tissue, muscle, and cerebrum were collected for measurement of free and esterified cholesterol and of the deuterium content of tissue free cholesterol. In vivo cholesterol synthesis was inhibited by dietary cholesterol as reflected by a decrease in fractional synthesis rate from 16.8 +/- 1.7%/d in controls to 2.3 +/- 11%/d in cholesterol-fed pigs. Cholesterol feeding raised cholesterol ester concentration in plasma, liver, and other tissues. Deuterium enrichment of free cholesterol in tissues, such as liver, was reduced from 11.98 +/- 2.82 milli atom percent excess in controls to 1.83 +/- 1.14 in cholesterol-fed pigs. Greater cholesterol intake did not inhibit cholesterol synthesis in the cerebrum. Deuterium enrichment levels of cholesterol in plasma and liver were similar to those in other tissues except for brain, suggesting an equilibration of cholesterol between the liver and most extrahepatic tissues. The control of cholesterol synthesis in brain appears to be independent of that in liver and other tissues of the body. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP ZHANG, S (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 124 IS 5 BP 717 EP 725 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA NK245 UT WOS:A1994NK24500015 PM 8169664 ER PT J AU SINGLETON, JC AF SINGLETON, JC TI NUTRITION AND HEALTH-EDUCATION FOR LIMITED INCOME, HIGH-RISK GROUPS - IMPLICATIONS FOR NUTRITION EDUCATORS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION LA English DT Article RP SINGLETON, JC (reprint author), USDA,EXTENS SERV,ROOM 3440 S BLDG,AG BOX 0925,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON STREET SOUTH PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON ON L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0022-3182 J9 J NUTR EDUC JI J. Nutr. Educ. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 26 IS 3 BP 153 EP 155 PG 3 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA NX470 UT WOS:A1994NX47000008 ER PT J AU SAMUEL, MJ HART, RH AF SAMUEL, MJ HART, RH TI 61 YEARS OF SECONDARY SUCCESSION ON RANGELANDS OF THE WYOMING HIGH-PLAINS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE COMPETITION; DISTURBED LAND; MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; PLANT COMMUNITIES; REVEGETATION; VEGETATION STRUCTURE ID BLUE GRAMA SEEDLINGS; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; PLANT COMMUNITY; SEED BANK; DISTURBANCE; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN; GRADIENT; GROWTH; SIZE AB The slow and uncertain rate of recovery of plant communities after severe disturbance is a major problem on rangelands. Earlier studies sketched the outline of secondary succession on mixed-grass prairie, but were based on 1 or 2 years of observation on different areas disturbed at different times in the past, or several years of observation of a single area. To provide a more complete picture of succession over decades, we began observations in 1977 on 4 areas disturbed from 1 to 51 years previously, and on undisturbed areas of the same 2 soil types with and without grazing. Observations continued for 11 years. Secondary succession proceeded through the usual stages: annual forbs, perennial forbs and annual grasses, short-lived perennial grasses, and long-lived grasses. Western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A Love] was an exception because it appeared much earlier and in much greater abundance than other long-lived perennial grasses. Blue grama [Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag ex. Steud.] may be another exception; total recovery of this grass may require centuries. Time of appearance in succession seemed to be related to availability of propagules and ease of establishment; persistence of species was related to competitive ability. Abundance of many species fluctuated widely from year to year, but fluctuations did not appear to be related to precipitation. After 61 years, secondary succession had not returned plant communities to the climax state. RP HART, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,8408 HILDRETH RD,CHEYENNE,WY 82009, USA. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 47 IS 3 BP 184 EP 191 DI 10.2307/4003013 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NM075 UT WOS:A1994NM07500002 ER PT J AU BREJDA, JJ KREMER, RJ BROWN, JR AF BREJDA, JJ KREMER, RJ BROWN, JR TI INDICATIONS OF ASSOCIATIVE NITROGEN-FIXATION IN EASTERN GAMAGRASS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE NONSYMBIOTIC NITROGEN-FIXATION; DIAZOTROPHIC BACTERIA; TRIPSACUM-DACTYLOIDES (L) L ID ACETYLENE-REDUCTION; PSEUDOMONAS; SPIRILLUM; GRASSES; PLANTS; ROOTS AB Associative nitrogen-fixation is one mechanism by which plants can meet a portion of their nitrogen (N) needs in N deficient environments. Eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] grows under conditions conducive for associative N-fixation. Our objective was to evaluate eastern gamagrass roots for nitrogenase activity and associated N-fixing bacteria, and compare its nitrogenase activity to switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Soil and root samples were collected from unfertilized stands of ''PMK-24'' eastern gamagrass at 3 locations in northern Missouri and nitrogenase activity measured using the acetylene reduction method. Eastern gamagrass roots supported greater nitrogenase activity when colonized by indigenous bacteria, compared to roots inoculated with Klebsiella pneumoniae or surface sterilized. Eastern gamagrass roots colonized by indigenous bacteria had 17-46 fold greater nitrogenase activity than switchgrass roots. Bacterial composition on eastern gamagrass roots was dominated by fluorescent pseudomonads and Pseudomonas cepacia, with lower populations of other bacteria. Bacterial composition from incubation tubes showing nitrogenase activity was similar to that found on the roots, except that the diazotrophic bacterium Azospirillum braziliense was isolated from 1 of 3 sites. The potential for associative N-fixation with eastern gamagrass warrants further study and in situ measurement to quantify rates of N fixation. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,SCH NAT RESOURCES,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP BREJDA, JJ (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,279 PLANT SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 47 IS 3 BP 192 EP 195 DI 10.2307/4003014 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NM075 UT WOS:A1994NM07500003 ER PT J AU HARDEGREE, SP AF HARDEGREE, SP TI DRYING AND STORAGE EFFECTS ON GERMINATION OF PRIMED GRASS SEEDS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE MATRIC-PRIMING; NATIVE BUNCHGRASS; GERMINATION RATE ENHANCEMENT AB Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) has become the dominant species over large areas of rangeland in the Great Basin region of the western United States. Rapid germination at low temperature may contribute to the competitive success of cheatgrass in areas formerly dominated by native sagebrush and bunchgrass species. The objectives of this study were to determine whether seed priming could be used to stimulate low-temperature germination rate of native bunchgrass seeds and whether any priming effect was retained after drying and storage. Matric-priming was used to enhance germination rate response of 7 Great Basin native perennial grasses: thickspike wheatgrass [Agropyron dasystachyum (Hook.) Scribn.], bluebunch wheatgrass [Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) Love], canby bluegrass (Poa canbyi Scribn.), sandberg bluegrass (Poa sandbergii Vasey.), bottlebrush squirreltail [Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) J.G. Smith], sheep fescue (Festuca ovina L.), and basin wildrye [Leymus cinereus (Scribn. and Merr.) A. Love]. Priming enhanced germination rate of these species by 4 to 8 days at 10-degrees-C. All species except canby bluegrass and basin wildrye could be induced to germinate as quickly as cheatgrass if they were not air-dried after priming. All species except canby bluegrass retained significant germination enhancement after 11 weeks of storage but only bluebunch wheatgrass maintained a germination rate comparable to cheatgrass when seeds were dried for storage. RP HARDEGREE, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,800 PK BLVD,PLAZA 4,SUITE 105,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 47 IS 3 BP 196 EP 199 DI 10.2307/4003015 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NM075 UT WOS:A1994NM07500004 ER PT J AU SCHUMAN, GE DEPUIT, EJ ROADIFER, KM AF SCHUMAN, GE DEPUIT, EJ ROADIFER, KM TI PLANT-RESPONSES TO GYPSUM AMENDMENT OF SODIC BENTONITE MINE SPOIL SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ABANDONED MINE LAND; CLAY; SODIUM; RECLAMATION; PERENNIAL GRASS ID WOOD-RESIDUE; FERTILIZER AMENDMENT AB Abandoned bentonite mine spoils are extremely difficult to revegetate because of their high clay content, salinity, sodicity, low permeability, and the semiarid climate of the area where bentonite mining occurs. Recent research has led to the development of technology utilizing sawmill wastes (chips, bark, and sawdust) to enable the successful revegetation of these lands. The use of wood residue amendments increased water infiltration, leaching of soluble salts, and vegetation establishment; however, sodicity continued to be a problem and threatened to destroy the established vegetation. Surface application of gypsum was evaluated to determine its effectiveness in ameliorating the spoil sodicity and its effect on plant growth. In a 3-year field study, surficial gypsum amendment resulted in significant increases in perennial grass biomass (150%) and canopy cover (140%). These changes were not evident until the second or third year after gypsum amendment. Annual forb biomass did not respond to gypsum amendment; however, canopy cover did exhibit a significant increase in the second year at lower wood residue amendment rates. This research demonstrates that surface applied gypsum can be effective in ameliorating bentonite spoil sodicity when applied to established plant communities. C1 US BUR LAND MANAGEMENT,ROCK SPRINGS,WY 82901. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT NAT RESOURCE SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP SCHUMAN, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,8408 HILDRETH RD,CHEYENNE,WY 82009, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 47 IS 3 BP 206 EP 209 DI 10.2307/4003017 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NM075 UT WOS:A1994NM07500006 ER PT J AU VOLESKY, JD OFARRELL, FD ELLIS, WC KOTHMANN, MM HORN, FP PHILLIPS, WA COLEMAN, SW AF VOLESKY, JD OFARRELL, FD ELLIS, WC KOTHMANN, MM HORN, FP PHILLIPS, WA COLEMAN, SW TI A COMPARISON OF FRONTAL, CONTINUOUS, AND ROTATION GRAZING SYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE BOTHRIOCHLOA-ISCHAEMUM; PLAINS OLD WORLD BLUESTEM; STEER PERFORMANCE; STEER PRODUCTION; STOCKING RATE AB Two 2-year trials were conducted to evaluate and compare frontal, continuous, and 2-paddock rotation grazing systems on 'Plains' Old World bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng.). Frontal grazing allows livestock a continuous opportunity to graze fresh forage via a livestock-pushed, sliding fence which allocates and controls grazing within a pasture. Trial 1 treatments included frontal grazing at a very high stocking density of 13.3 head ha-1 and continuous grazing at 4 stocking densities described as low, moderate, high, and very high. The mechanical design and components of our frontal grazing system were quite adequate in terms of the system's operation and interaction with the livestock herd. Significant (P<0.05) linear relationships were found for regressions of daily gain on stocking rate and grazing pressure index, and for gain ha-1 on stocking rate and grazing pressure index. Year effects were evident in all regressions. Trial 2 treatments included frontal, continuous, and rotation grazing systems initially stocked at 6.7 head ha-1. Mid-season reductions in stocking density were made in continuous and rotation grazing to ensure that these treatments would have adequate forage to continue until frontal grazing completed its second cycle and to achieve an end-of-season standing crop which was similar in all 3 treatments. Season-long daily gains under frontal grazing were not significantly different compared to continuous grazing (P>0.05); however, they were less than those under rotation grazing (P<0.05). Frontal grazing provided about 100 more steer-days per hectare of grazing than either continuous or rotation grazing. However, steer production was not significantly different among treatments and averaged 296 kg ha-1 (P>0.05). C1 USDA ARS,SO PLAINS AREA,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT RANGELAND ECOL & MANAGEMENT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP VOLESKY, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAZINGLANDS RES LAB,POB 1199,EL RENO,OK 73036, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 47 IS 3 BP 210 EP 214 DI 10.2307/4003018 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NM075 UT WOS:A1994NM07500007 ER PT J AU VOLESKY, JD AF VOLESKY, JD TI TILLER DEFOLIATION PATTERNS UNDER FRONTAL, CONTINUOUS, AND ROTATION GRAZING SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE BOTHRIOCHLOA-ISCHAEMUM; DEFOLIATION FREQUENCY; DEFOLIATION INTENSITY; GRAZING SYSTEMS; HERBAGE ALLOWANCE; PLAINS OLD WORLD BLUESTEM; STOCKING RATE ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE AB An investigation was conducted to characterize the intensity and frequency of tiller defoliation in 'Plains' Old World bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng) under frontal, continuous, and 2-paddock rotation grazing systems. Frontal grazing allows cattle a continuous opportunity to graze fresh forage via a livestock-pushed sliding fence that allocates and controls grazing within a pasture. Nearly 100% of frontal grazing tillers were defoliated at least once during a 3-hour period as the frontal fence was advanced over the transect area. The initial defoliation intensity of tillers under frontal grazing was also significantly higher and remaining tiller height less than that of tillers under rotation or continuous grazing (P < 0.05). Tillers under frontal grazing were defoliated at a faster rate compared to rotation or continuous grazing, but cattle had access to them for only 6 to 8 days of the entire grazing season. Season-long defoliation frequency was estimated to be 2.4, 4.6, and 4.7 times for frontal, continuous, and rotation grazing, respectively. Tillers that originated from the perimeter of a tussock were initially taller than those arising from the center (P < 0.05); however, frequency and intensity of defoliation was similar for both tiller locations. Significant relationships were also described between defoliation frequency and stocking rate and between defoliation frequency and herbage allowance. Defoliation frequency increased linearly as stocking rate increased; and conversely, defoliation frequency decreased quadratically as herbage allowance increased. Data from this study suggest that the pattern of tiller defoliation under frontal grazing enhanced forage production which allowed the maintenance of higher stocking rates. RP VOLESKY, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAZINGLANDS RES LAB,POB 1199,EL RENO,OK 73036, USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 47 IS 3 BP 215 EP 219 DI 10.2307/4003019 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NM075 UT WOS:A1994NM07500008 ER PT J AU WESTENSKOWWALL, KJ KRUEGER, WC BRYANT, LD THOMAS, DR AF WESTENSKOWWALL, KJ KRUEGER, WC BRYANT, LD THOMAS, DR TI NUTRIENT QUALITY OF BLUEBUNCH WHEATGRASS REGROWTH ON ELK WINTER RANGE IN RELATION TO DEFOLIATION SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE BLUEBUNCH WHEATGRASS; ELK; FORAGE CONDITIONING; FORAGE QUALITY; REGROWTH; WINTER RANGE ID VIGOR AB Effects of defoliating bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum [Pursh] Scribn. & Smith) to increase the quality of regrowth available on Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni Bailey) winter range were studied from 1988 through 1990. Percent calcium, phosphorus, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and available forage (kg/ha DM) of regrowth present on control, spring-defoliated, and fall-defoliated plots were determined in November of 1988 and 1989, and April of 1989 and 1990. Spring conditioning did not affect the percentage of calcium and phosphorus, or available forage compared to the current year's growth in either November or April. Fall conditioning increased digestibility and increased the phosphorus concentration, but decreased available forage compared to the control and spring-conditioned forage in November. Fall conditioning may create a deficit of forage if regrowth is not achieved. Additional research is needed on defoliation during the early phenological time-period of bluebunch wheatgrass to improve the forage quality of elk winter ranges. C1 USDA,PACIFIC NW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,LA GRANDE,OR 97850. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP WESTENSKOWWALL, KJ (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGELAND RESOURCES,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 47 IS 3 BP 240 EP 244 DI 10.2307/4003024 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NM075 UT WOS:A1994NM07500013 ER PT J AU MUELLER, DM SHOOP, MC LAYCOCK, WA AF MUELLER, DM SHOOP, MC LAYCOCK, WA TI TECHNICAL NOTE - MECHANICAL HARVESTING OF PLAINS PRICKLYPEAR FOR CONTROL AND FEEDING SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Note DE CACTUS; MACHINE HARVESTER; RANGE IMPROVEMENT; OPUNTIA-POLYACANTHA; SHORTGRASS RANGE AB Plains pricklypear cactus (Opuntia polyacantha L.) is abundant on the Central Great Plains with dry matter yields from 1,500 to 2,000 kg/ha. Cactus spines prevent cattle from grazing as much as 50% of the herbage around the plant. Pricklypear pads are quite palatable once spines have been removed. The possibility of simultaneously controlling and feeding plains pricklypear led to development of machinery for harvesting cactus. The harvesting machine is a side-delivery rake modified to uproot and windrow pricklypear which is later despined and fed to cattle. Machine harvesting was compared to hand harvesting on both a sandy loam and a clay loam site. There was no significant difference in cactus removal between hand and machine harvested plots or significant damage to desirable forage species. Pricklypear phytomass removal by the harvester averaged 89% and 88% on the sandy and clay loam sites, respectively. This provided an average of 1,166 kg/ha cactus as potential feed and increased availability of desirable forage species. C1 USDA ARS,RANGELAND RESOURCES RES,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. UNIV WYOMING,DEPT HEAD RANGE MANAGEMENT,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP MUELLER, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CENT PLAINS EXPTL RANGE,CTY RD 37,NUNN,CO 80648, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 47 IS 3 BP 251 EP 254 DI 10.2307/4003027 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NM075 UT WOS:A1994NM07500016 ER PT J AU RENARD, KG FOSTER, GR YODER, DC MCCOOL, DK AF RENARD, KG FOSTER, GR YODER, DC MCCOOL, DK TI RUSLE REVISITED - STATUS, QUESTIONS, ANSWERS, AND THE FUTURE SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS. UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. USDA ARS,PWA,PULLMAN,WA. RP RENARD, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 17 TC 99 Z9 113 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 49 IS 3 BP 213 EP 220 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA NN873 UT WOS:A1994NN87300002 ER PT J AU SHAFFER, MJ SCHUMACHER, TE EGO, CL AF SHAFFER, MJ SCHUMACHER, TE EGO, CL TI LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF EROSION AND CLIMATE INTERACTIONS ON CORN YIELD SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTIVITY AB An accurate assessment of the impacts of soil erosion on corn production ss needed for conservation and management programs. Climatic variability produces a range of crop yield responses on eroded and non-eroded soil profiles and often masks the long-term trends and differences. Short-term corn yield data from representative soils across the North Central region were supplemented with calculated yields from the NTRM model to develop long-term yield responses for the historical climate records at each of seven highly-managed rainfed sites across the region. Results showed that long-term average regional corn yields were reduced by 10% for severely eroded versus control plots. Till-derived soils showed yield reductions averaging 12%, while loess soils lost an average of 7%. Sensitivity runs with the NTRM model made after field validation with 119 plot-years of data suggested that changes in soil physical properties, especially plant-available water bolding capacities, probably accounted for most of the yield differences. Mean growing season (May-September) precipitation across all sites for the short-term field study was 35.3 cm, compared with 36.3 cm for the long-term historical record. This resulted in a mean short-term corn yield reduction of 9% for severely eroded soils versus a reduction of 10% for the same soils based on long-term climate projections. However, the close agreement between the short- and long-term studies with regard to mean growing season precipitation and corresponding corn yields should not be used to make the general conclusion that 3 to 6 years is an adequate time period for research on long-term crop response to eroded soil conditions. C1 S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. RP SHAFFER, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES UNIT,FED BLDG,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 49 IS 3 BP 272 EP 275 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA NN873 UT WOS:A1994NN87300009 ER PT J AU HUBBARD, RK HARGROVE, WL LOWRANCE, RR WILLIAMS, RG MULLINIX, BG AF HUBBARD, RK HARGROVE, WL LOWRANCE, RR WILLIAMS, RG MULLINIX, BG TI PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES OF A CLAYEY COASTAL-PLAIN SOIL AS AFFECTED BY TILLAGE SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; MACROPORES; MOVEMENT; WATER; INFILTRATION; ULTISOL; SYSTEM; WHEAT AB A 4-year study was conducted to determine the effects of different tillage systems on physical properties of a clayey Coastal Plain soil. The systems no-till NT), fall moldboard plow-spring disk barrow (MB), and fall chisel plow-spring disk barrow (CP) were used in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivium L.), summer grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) rotation on a Greenville sandy clay loam. Bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and soil moisture retention were determined on soil samples collected from the no traffic interrow areas of plots used concurrently for a rainfall simulator study of surface runoff and N movement. Examination of changes in the physical properties of the top soil zone (2.5-10.1 cm) showed that, after 1-1/2 years of tillage treatment and thereafter, the NT soil was different from the other two treatments. The NT top soil zone had significantly greater bulk density, lower saturated hydraulic conductivity, and held more water than the same soil zone on the other two treatments. Without tillage, the top soil zone of the interrow areas of this sandy clay loam soil bence was denser, harder, and bad more smaller sized pores than the same zone on the other two treatments. A final sampling using soil pits showed the NT treatment to be denser and have lower saturated hydraulic conductivity in the 15-38 cm depth zone. The NT had greater soil moisture retention than the other two treatments at depths greater than 30 cm. Rainfall simulator work on these same treatments showed greater infiltration into and less surface runoff from the NT treatment than for the other treatments. With greater water-bolding capacity, less surface runoff and more water infiltrating during rainfall events, and reduced evapotranspiration from under the mulch layer, as indicated by observed greater soil surface moisture contents, the NT treatment on this soil was beneficial to soil erosion protection and promoted increased crop production. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,GRIFFIN EXPT STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPTL STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP HUBBARD, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE WATERSGED RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 49 IS 3 BP 276 EP 283 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA NN873 UT WOS:A1994NN87300010 ER PT J AU WYLIE, BK SHAFFER, MJ BRODAHL, MK DUBOIS, D WAGNER, DG AF WYLIE, BK SHAFFER, MJ BRODAHL, MK DUBOIS, D WAGNER, DG TI PREDICTING SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF NITRATE LEACHING IN NORTHEASTERN COLORADO SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN MANAGEMENT AB Identification of regional problem areas for NO3-N leached from agriculture is important to farmers, extension, and action agencies to develop efficient management control strategies. A Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Package (NLEAP) model/geographic Information System (GIS) combination was tested for regional irrigated agriculture in eastern Colorado. Results indicated that the NLEAP NO3-N-leached (NL) index, an index of the amount of NO3-N leached below the rooting zone, was useful for describing the distribution of groundwater NO3-N concentrations across a 736 km2 (248 mi2) area when used in combination with a GIS. Comparison of observed NO3-N distributions in the South Platte alluvial aquifer with simulated NL distributions gave regional Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.59 and showed that the model could simulate the major observed ground water NO3-N patterns. C1 N FRONT RANG WATER QUAL PLANNING ASSOC,LOVELAND,CO 80537. COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP WYLIE, BK (reprint author), USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES UNIT,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014 OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 NR 20 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 49 IS 3 BP 288 EP 293 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA NN873 UT WOS:A1994NN87300012 ER PT J AU FOX, DG AF FOX, DG TI WHAT A RIDE IT HAS BEEN SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP FOX, DG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 44 IS 5 BP 508 EP 508 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NN010 UT WOS:A1994NN01000001 ER PT J AU HAAS, MJ SCOTT, K JUN, W JANSSEN, G AF HAAS, MJ SCOTT, K JUN, W JANSSEN, G TI ENZYMATIC PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE HYDROLYSIS IN ORGANIC-SOLVENTS - AN EXAMINATION OF SELECTED COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE LIPASES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS; LIPASE; ORGANIC SOLVENT; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; PHOSPHOLIPID ID CANDIDA-CYLINDRACEA LIPASE; RHIZOPUS-DELEMAR LIPASE; IMMOBILIZED LIPASE; CATALYZED TRANSESTERIFICATION; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; WATER ACTIVITY; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; PURIFICATION; CLONING; PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES AB Eight commercial lipase preparations were examined for the ability to hydrolyze phosphatidylcholine (PC) in hexane solutions. Only the enzymes from Humicola lanuginosa, Rhizopus delemar and Candida rugosa displayed appreciable activity. Solvent polarity was the largest single factor affecting activity. The H. lanuginosa sample was most active in polar solvents. The R delemar preparation was most active in polar (2 hexanone) and nonpolar (decane) solvents and least active in solvents of intermediate polarity (hexane). The solvent dependence of the activity of the C. rugosa enzyme varied with the ratio of substrate to enzyme. Different degrees of activity were retained by the three enzymes after passive immobilization on Celite, controlled pore glass, polypropylene and Amberlite XAD-7 resins. No single resin yielded the best retained activity for all three preparations. When examined in 2-octanone, hexane and isooctane, the Celite immobilized R delemar and H. lanuginosa enzymes exhibited highest activity in 2-octanone, while immobilized C. rugosa was most active in isooctane. The water content at which maximum activity was observed was relatively independent of sol vent polarity and the amount of catalyst but was proportional to the amount of PC in the reaction. The retention of activity by immobilized Rhizomucor miehei lipase (Lipozyme) during multiple hydrolytic cycles required a reduction in the water content of the system below that yielding optimal activity in a single cycle. RP HAAS, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 42 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 71 IS 5 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1007/BF02540658 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NK934 UT WOS:A1994NK93400005 ER PT J AU KANESHIRO, T VESONDER, RF PETERSON, RE WEISLEDER, D BAGBY, MO AF KANESHIRO, T VESONDER, RF PETERSON, RE WEISLEDER, D BAGBY, MO TI 9(Z)-OCTADECENAMIDE AND FATTY AMIDES BY BACILLUS-MEGATERIUM (B-3437) CONVERSION OF OLEIC-ACID SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE BACILLUS MEGATERIUM (B-3437); BIOCONVERSION; FATTY AMIDES; HEXADECENAMIDE; 9(Z)-OCTADECENAMIDE; OLEIC ACID ID MUCOR-MIEHEI; LIPASE; BIOCONVERSION AB 9(Z)-Octadecenamide, hexadecenamide, tetradecenamide and tetradecanamide were produced by a novel bioconversion of oleic acid with Bacillus megaterium NRRL B-3437. Although chemical synthesis is more practical, the bioconversion to fatty amides (5-7% of total recovered lipids) was unique for its requirement of both enzymatic catalysis and equimolar oleic acid/ammonium salt substrates. Purified octadecenamide was obtained by silica gel and high-pressure liquid chromatographic procedures and was characterized by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 71 IS 5 BP 491 EP 494 DI 10.1007/BF02540659 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NK934 UT WOS:A1994NK93400006 ER PT J AU MOUNTS, TL WARNER, K LIST, GR NEFF, WE WILSON, RF AF MOUNTS, TL WARNER, K LIST, GR NEFF, WE WILSON, RF TI LOW-LINOLENIC ACID SOYBEAN OILS - ALTERNATIVES TO FRYING OILS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION; FLAVOR QUALITY; FRYING STABILITY; HYBRIDIZATION BREEDING; LABORATORY SIMULATION OF COMMERCIAL PROCESSING; LINOLENIC ACID; ODOR; ROOM ODOR; SENSORY TESTING; SOYBEAN OILS; SOYBEANS ID TRIACYLGLYCEROL COMPOSITION; OXIDATIVE STABILITY AB Oil was hexane-extracted from soybeans that had been modified by hybridization breeding for low-linolenic acid (18:3) content. Extracted crude oils were processed to finished edible oils by laboratory simulations of commercial oil processing procedures. Oils from three germplasm lines N83-375 (5.5% 18:3), N89-2009 (2.9% 18:3) and N85-2176 (1.9% 18:3) were compared to commercial unhydrogenated soybean salad oil with 6.2% 18:3 and two hydrogenated soybean frying oils, HSBOI (4.1% 18:3) and HSBOII (<0.2% 18:3). Low-18:3 oils produced by hybridization showed significantly lower room odor intensity scores than the commercial soybean salad oil and the commercial frying oils. The N85-2176 oil with an 18:3 content below 2.0% showed no fishy odor after 10 h at 190 degrees C and lower burnt and acrid odors after 20 h of use when compared to the commercial oils. Flavor quality of potatoes fried with the N85-2176 oil at 190 degrees C after 10 and 20 h was good, and significantly better at both time periods than that of potatoes fried in the unhydrogenated oil or in the hydrogenated oils. Flavor quality scores of potatoes fried in the N89-2009 oil (2.9% 18:3) after 10 and 20 h was good and equal to that of potatoes fried in the HSBOI oil (4.1% 18:3). Fishy flavors, perceived with potatoes fried in the low-18:3 oils, were significantly lower than those reported for potatoes fried in the unhydrogenated control oil, and the potatoes lacked the hydrogenated flavors of potatoes fried in hydrogenated oils. These results indicate that oils with lowered linolenic acid content produced by hybridization breeding of soybeans are potential alternatives to hydrogenated frying oils. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP MOUNTS, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 16 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 71 IS 5 BP 495 EP 499 DI 10.1007/BF02540660 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NK934 UT WOS:A1994NK93400007 ER PT J AU BASSI, D DIMA, A SCORZA, R AF BASSI, D DIMA, A SCORZA, R TI TREE STRUCTURE AND PRUNING RESPONSE OF 6 PEACH GROWTH FORMS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PRUNUS-PERSICA; GROWTH HABIT; TRAINING SYSTEM ID FRUIT-QUALITY; COMPACT AB The response of young, nonbearing peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees to pruning was studied in six distinct growth forms including semidwarf, spur-type, upright, columnar or pillar, weeping, and standard. Two years after field planting, pillar and upright trees were trained to slender spindle. Semidwarf, spur-type, and standard trees were trained to the open or delayed vase form. Weeping trees were pruned in a manner similar to the Lepage hedge for pear. Branch density before pruning was highest in semidwarf, spur-type, and upright trees and lowest in pillar trees. Standard, semidwarf, and spur-type trees reacted similarly to pruning, but semidwarf trees produced as much wood in the following season as had been pruned off, and produced large numbers of fruiting branches. The small size of semidwarf trees suggested their use for medium-density plantings (MDPs). Pillar trees needed only light pruning. No major cuts were necessary and many fruiting branches were produced even on nonpruned trees. The pillar canopy was 60% thinner and required 50% fewer pruning cuts than the standard canopy and may be particularly suited to high-density plantings (HDPs). The upper canopy of weeping trees grew more than most other forms. They were intermediate in branch density and required an intermediate amount of pruning. Most striking was the unique canopy form of weeping trees, which may be used in developing new training systems. The results of this study suggest that new growth forms have the potential to reduce pruning and training requirements for peach, particularly in MDPs and HDPs. This potential suggests further investigation and exploitation of alternate peach tree growth forms. C1 USDA,ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STR,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP BASSI, D (reprint author), UNIV BOLOGNA,DIPARTIMENTO COLTURE ARBOREE,V FILIPPO RE 6,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 119 IS 3 BP 378 EP 382 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NN490 UT WOS:A1994NN49000001 ER PT J AU GATSCHET, MJ TALIAFERRO, CM ANDERSON, JA PORTER, DR ANDERSON, MP AF GATSCHET, MJ TALIAFERRO, CM ANDERSON, JA PORTER, DR ANDERSON, MP TI COLD-ACCLIMATION AND ALTERATIONS IN PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS IN BERMUDAGRASS CROWNS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COLD HARDENING; COLD-REGULATED PROTEINS; CYNODON-DACTYLON X C-TRANSVAALENSIS; PROTEIN-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS ID POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; FREEZING TOLERANCE; WHEAT; ARABIDOPSIS; ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYPEPTIDES AB Cold acclimation (CA) of 'Midiron' and 'Tifgreen' turf bermudagrasses (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers. x C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy) induced tolerance to lower freezing temperatures and altered protein synthesis in crowns. LT50 (lethal temperature for 50% of plants) values were lowered almost-equal-to 5C after 4 weeks in controlled-environment chambers under CA[8/2C (day/night) cycles with a 10-hour photoperiod] vs. non-CA (28/24C) conditions. LT50 values for 'Midiron' plants decreased from -6.5 to -11.3C after CA and from -3.6 to -8.5C for 'Tifgreen'. Proteins synthesized by isolated crowns were radiolabeled in vivo for 16 hours with S-35-methionine and S-35-cysteine. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography revealed increased synthesis of several cold-regulated (COR) proteins in CA crowns of both cultivars. Synthesis of intermediate molecular weight (MW) (32 to 37 kDa) and low-MW (20 to 26 kDa) COR proteins was greater in 'Midiron' than 'Tifgreen' crowns. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP GATSCHET, MJ (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 119 IS 3 BP 477 EP 480 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NN490 UT WOS:A1994NN49000018 ER PT J AU STUTTE, GW BAUGHER, TA WALTER, SP LEACH, DW GLENN, DM TWORKOSKI, TJ AF STUTTE, GW BAUGHER, TA WALTER, SP LEACH, DW GLENN, DM TWORKOSKI, TJ TI ROOTSTOCK AND TRAINING SYSTEM AFFECT DRY-MATTER AND CARBOHYDRATE DISTRIBUTION IN GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLE-TREES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MALUS-DOMESTICA; MOBILIZABLE CARBOHYDRATES; STARCH; SORBITOL; GLUCOSE; FRUCTOSE; SUCROSE; VIGOR; PRUNING ID QUALITY; FRUIT AB A study was conducted to quantify the effects of rootstock and training system on C allocation in apple. Dry-matter distribution was determined at harvest in 5-year-old 'Golden Delicious' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees on four rootstocks (MM.111 EMLA,M.7a, M.26 EMLA, and M.9 EMLA) and in three training systems (three-wire palmette, free-standing central leader, and nonpruned). Mobilizable carbohydrate content was determined at harvest and leaf fall in trees from the same planting on MM.111 EMLA and M.9 EMLA in all three training systems. Training system effects interacted with rootstock effects in dry weights of branches and of fruit. Nonpruned system shoot and fruit dry weights reflected known rootstock vigor; whereas, pruned system (three-wire and central leader) shoot dry weights were greatest and fruit dry weights were lowest in trees on M.7a. Rootstock affected the partitioning of dry matter between above- and below-ground tree components, with MM.111 EMLA accumulating significantly more dry matter in the root system than trees on the other rootstocks. Trees in the central leader and the three-wire palmette systems partitioned more dry weight into nonbearing 1-year shoots than trees in the nonpruned system. Root starch content at harvest was greater in trees on MM.111 EMLA than on M.9 EMLA, and root sucrose and sorbitol were less in trees on MM.111 EMLA compared to M.9 EMLA. At leaf fall, starch in young roots was equal in trees on both rootstocks, and sorbitol again was lower in trees on MM.111 EMLA. Harvest starch content of roots, shoots, and branches was lower in nonpruned than in pruned trees. At leaf fall, root, shoot, and branch starch content increased in nonpruned and central leader-trained trees but did not increase in three-wire palmette-trained trees. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,PLANT & SOIL SCI EXPT FARM,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. USDA,ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP STUTTE, GW (reprint author), BIONET CORP,MAIL CODE-BIO 3,KENNEDY SPACE CTR,FL 32899, USA. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 119 IS 3 BP 492 EP 497 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NN490 UT WOS:A1994NN49000021 ER PT J AU GUELDNER, RC YATES, IE REILLY, CC WOOD, BW SMITH, MT AF GUELDNER, RC YATES, IE REILLY, CC WOOD, BW SMITH, MT TI LEVELS OF A HYDROJUGLONE GLUCOSIDE IN DEVELOPING PECAN LEAVES IN RELATION TO SCAB SUSCEPTIBILITY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARYA-ILLINOENSIS; CLADOSPORIUM-CARYIGENUM; JUGLONE; MATURATION; INFECTION ID CLADOSPORIUM-CARYIGENUM; RESISTANCE; JUGLONE AB Polyphenols were analyzed in expanding buds and developing leaves of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] cultivars with varying responses to Cladosporium caryigenum (Ell. et Lang. Gottwald), the organism causing scab. Plant tissue extracts were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography using a water : methanol gradient to separate polyphenolic components on a C-18 reversed phase column. A diode-array detector was used to identify profile components by retention times and computer matching of ultraviolet spectra to standard compounds in a library. Concentrations of these polyphenols were compared throughout the growing season in leaves of pecan cultivars with low ('Elliott'), intermediate ('Stuart'), and high ('Wichita') susceptibility to scab; during susceptibility to infection by Cladosporium caryigenum from 16 cultivars; and in 'Wichita' leaf discs with and without scab lesions. The major polyphenolic constituent of tissues for all cultivars was identified as hydrojuglone glucoside, which was detected in intact buds and leaves throughout the growing season. Hydrojuglone glucoside concentration increased concomitantly with leaf expansion and then declined slowly. Juglone was barely, if at all, detectable, regardless of leaf age. No correlation was found between cultivar susceptibility to pecan scab and the levels of either juglone or hydrojuglone glucoside in the healthy leaves of 16 cultivars. Leaf tissue with scab lesions had significantly higher juglone and hydrojuglone glucoside levels than leaf discs without scab lesions. Chemical names used: 4-8-dihydroxy-1-naphthyl B-D-glucopyranoside (hydrojuglone glucoside); 1,5-hydroxy-napththoquinone (juglone). C1 USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. USDA ARS,JAMIE WHITTEN DELTA STATES RES CTR,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP GUELDNER, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 119 IS 3 BP 498 EP 504 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NN490 UT WOS:A1994NN49000022 ER PT J AU ABBOTT, JA AF ABBOTT, JA TI FIRMNESS MEASUREMENT OF FRESHLY HARVESTED DELICIOUS APPLES BY SENSORY METHODS, SONIC TRANSMISSION, MAGNESS-TAYLOR, AND COMPRESSION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MALUS-DOMESTICA; QUALITY AB A rapid nondestructive method for measuring apple texture using sonic vibrational characteristics of intact apples was tested on freshly harvested 'Delicious' apples from major U.S. production areas. Sonic transmission spectra and Magness-Taylor (MT) firmness were measured on whole apples and compression measurements were made on excised tissue. Two experienced Agricultural Marketing Service apple inspectors assessed each apple and assigned a ripeness score according to U.S. Dept. of Agriculture grades and standards inspection procedures (based primarily on texture). Sonic functions correlated significantly with ripeness scores, MT firmness, and forces to rupture or crush the tissue in compression. Ripeness scores were more closely correlated with the destructive firmness measurements than with sonic functions. However, sonic measurement has the advantage of being nondestructive, whereas MT and tissue compression are inherently destructive. Further research is needed to modify the Instrumentation and Sensing Laboratory's sonic technique to improve the prediction of apple firmness before it can be adapted for on-line sorting. RP ABBOTT, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 119 IS 3 BP 510 EP 515 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NN490 UT WOS:A1994NN49000024 ER PT J AU POUNDERS, CT FOSTER, GS AF POUNDERS, CT FOSTER, GS TI MAGNITUDE AND SOURCES OF INTRA-CLONAL VARIATION IN FOSTER HOLLY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PERIPHYSIS; ILEX X ATTENUATA; MATURATION; PROPAGATION; STOCK PLANT; CLONE ID CUTTINGS AB A statistical model was used to partition the effects of age group, cutting position within the plant crown, and ramet environment on propagule development from stem cuttings collected from random stock plants of Ilex xattenuata Ashe 'Foster #2' ('Foster' holly). Most of the intra-clonal variation observed originated from sources not partitioned by the model. Small differences in growth were associated with sampling position within the crown. Repropagation gave no indication that factors measured by the model could be passed from ramet to propagule. Within-clone variation was not reduced by repropagation or by hedging propagules to force new growth. C1 ALABAMA A&M UNIV,USDA ARS,NORMAL,AL 35762. RP POUNDERS, CT (reprint author), ALABAMA A&M UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,NORMAL,AL 35762, USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 119 IS 3 BP 589 EP 595 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NN490 UT WOS:A1994NN49000038 ER PT J AU MCGARVEY, PB MONTASSER, MS KAPER, JM AF MCGARVEY, PB MONTASSER, MS KAPER, JM TI TRANSGENIC TOMATO PLANTS EXPRESSING SATELLITE RNA ARE TOLERANT TO SOME STRAINS OF CUCUMBER MOSAIC-VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CMV; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; VIRUS RESISTANCE ID VIRAL SATELLITE; MEDIATED PROTECTION; EPIDEMIC CONDITIONS; FIELD; NECROSIS; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANCE; INFECTION AB Transgenic tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) expressing cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) satellite RNA fused to a gene for beta-glucuronidase were produced using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The R1 progeny of self-crossed R0 plants were challenge-inoculated with virion or RNA preparations of CMV or tomato aspermy virus (TAV). The transgenic plants challenged with CMV-1 showed mild disease symptoms in the first 2 weeks postchallenge followed by a decrease in symptoms, resulting in little difference between the transgenic and uninfected control group by the fourth week. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed about a 10-fold decrease in virus accumulation in the transgenic plants compared to controls. Tolerance was evident only in plants that contained the recombinant insert and produced mature unit-length satellite RNA after CMV infection. Plants challenged with TAV showed no significant tolerance to virus-induced symptoms. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLL PK,MD 20742. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 119 IS 3 BP 642 EP 647 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NN490 UT WOS:A1994NN49000047 ER PT J AU HATFIELD, RD JUNG, HJG RALPH, J BUXTON, DR WEIMER, PJ AF HATFIELD, RD JUNG, HJG RALPH, J BUXTON, DR WEIMER, PJ TI A COMPARISON OF THE INSOLUBLE RESIDUES PRODUCED BY THE KLASON LIGNIN AND ACID DETERGENT LIGNIN PROCEDURES SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE KLASON LIGNIN; ACID DETERGENT LIGNIN; FORAGES; CRUDE PROTEIN,; PYROLYSIS; LUCERNE; COCKSFOOT; SWITCHGRASS ID FORAGE QUALITY; CELL-WALLS; GRASSES; COMPLEX AB Two methods-Klason lignin (KL) and acid detergent lignin (ADL)-for determining lignin concentration in plants were compared using stem material from lucerne (Medicago sativa L), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L), at three stages of maturity, and leaf samples from lucerne and cocksfoot. For all forages, KL values were higher than ADL values. Lucerne samples, which had crude protein levels twice that of the grass species, had KL values that were only 30-40% higher than ADL values; in grasses, KL values were 200-300% greater than ADL values. The addition of nitrogenous materials (bovine serum albumin, lysine, and ammonium sulfate) to commercial xylan and cellulose did not result in additional KL residue. Pyrolysis-GC-MS revealed that both residues appeared to be similar to the orginal plant lignin and did not appear to be contaminated with carbohydrate or protein. The higher values for grass KL residues were not due to protein contamination or incomplete hydrolysis of carbohydrates, but were more likely due to the solubilization of lignin components by the ADL treatment. KL values may give a more accurate quantification of the total lignin within forage plants. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR CLUSTER,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. RP HATFIELD, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 25 TC 167 Z9 171 U1 5 U2 38 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 65 IS 1 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740650109 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NK965 UT WOS:A1994NK96500008 ER PT J AU GOMEZ, E LEDBETTER, CA AF GOMEZ, E LEDBETTER, CA TI COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF THE AROMATIC PROFILES OF 2 DIFFERENT PLUM SPECIES - PRUNUS-SALICINA LINDL AND PRUNUS-SIMONII L SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE PRUNUS SALICINA; PRUNUS SIMONII; VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; PLUM; FRUIT BREEDING; AROMA ID COMPONENTS; CULTIVARS; HEADSPACE AB Volatile compounds of two plum species (Prunus salicina Lindl and Prunus simonii L) were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using simultaneous vacuum distillation extraction. Aroma patterns were identified and quantified. A total of 60 compounds were identified, of which 23 were unique to P simonii. The profile of P simonii, as well as a study of the odor unit values of some identified compounds, indicated a much stronger aroma than P salicina. Hexyl acetate, which produces a characteristic apple aroma, was present in P simonii at levels 50-fold higher than in the studied cultivars of P salicina. C1 USDA ARS,FRESNO,CA 93727. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 65 IS 1 BP 111 EP 115 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740650116 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NK965 UT WOS:A1994NK96500015 ER PT J AU ROHRER, GA ALEXANDER, LJ BEATTIE, CW AF ROHRER, GA ALEXANDER, LJ BEATTIE, CW TI MAPPING THE BETA-SUBUNIT OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE (FSHB) IN THE PORCINE GENOME SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Note ID GENE RP ROHRER, GA (reprint author), US ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD MAY PY 1994 VL 5 IS 5 BP 315 EP 317 DI 10.1007/BF00389548 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA NJ783 UT WOS:A1994NJ78300009 PM 8075506 ER PT J AU KEIM, NL ANDERSON, BL BARBIERI, TF WU, MM AF KEIM, NL ANDERSON, BL BARBIERI, TF WU, MM TI MODERATE DIET RESTRICTION ALTERS THE SUBSTRATE AND HORMONE RESPONSE TO EXERCISE SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE OBESITY; INSULIN; GROWTH HORMONE; FREE FATTY ACIDS; LIPOLYSIS; ENERGY UTILIZATION ID SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE; OVERWEIGHT WOMEN; FATTY-ACIDS; OBESE; ENDURANCE; ANALYZER; CAPACITY; GLUCOSE; INSULIN; SERUM AB Substrate and hormone responses to submaximal exercise were studied in 10 overweight women (119-141% ideal body weight) to learn if a moderately restricted diet would influence the responses. Subjects consumed diets with adequate energy (ADEX), N = 5, or low energy (LDEX)-50% reduction in energy, N = 5. Three times during the 12-wk study, blood was drawn before and immediately following exercise; results were combined since there were no differences between replicates. Postexercise free fatty acids and glycerol increased to 465 +/- 27 mg.1(-1) in LDEX but only to 245 +/- 19 mg.1(-1) in ADEX. Postexercise insulin increased to 129 +/- 13 pmol.1(-1) in LDEX, but did not increase in ADEX. Postexercise growth hormone increased to 10.5 +/- 1.0 mu g.1(-1) in ADEX but only to 6.6 +/- 1.0 mu g.1(-1) in LDEX. AU postexercise increases within diet groups were highly significant (P < 0.0001), and the postexercise responses between diet groups were also different (P < 0.01). Respiratory gas exchange indicated that both groups increased fat utilization during exercise, but diet restriction altered postexercise hormones so that fat mobilization and utilization might be inhibited. The postexercise recovery period should be studied further to determine whether diet restriction results in a sustained altered hormone pattern that would curtail lipolysis and possibly limit body fat loss. RP KEIM, NL (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 26 IS 5 BP 599 EP 604 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA NJ349 UT WOS:A1994NJ34900012 PM 8007808 ER PT J AU REINHARDT, TA HORST, RL AF REINHARDT, TA HORST, RL TI PHORBOL 12-MYRISTATE 13-ACETATE AND 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3 REGULATE 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3 RECEPTORS SYNERGISTICALLY IN RAT OSTEOSARCOMA CELLS SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN D RECEPTOR; PHORBOL ESTER; PROTEIN KINASE C ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; OSTEOBLAST-LIKE CELLS; OSTEOGENIC-SARCOMA CELLS; HOMOLOGOUS UP-REGULATION; SELF-INDUCED METABOLISM; VITAMIN-D RECEPTORS; GENE-EXPRESSION; BINDING; QUANTITATION; KETOCONAZOLE AB In this study, we examined the effect of activation of protein kinase C (PKC) pathways on the regulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptors (VDR) in rat osteosarcoma (ROS) 17/2.8 cells. Activation of PKC with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) resulted in a time- and dose-dependent increase in VDR expression in ROS cells. Treatment of ROS cells with 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-dedeconate, a PKC-inactive phorbol ester, had no effect on VDR expression. Oleoyl acetyl glycerol (GAG), a synthetic diacylglycerol, stimulated VDR up-regulation in ROS cells. The PKC inhibitors (H-7, staurosporin, and sphingosine) all blocked PMA-mediated up-regulation of VDR in a dose-dependent manner. We next examined the interaction of 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 and PKC activation by PMA on the regulation of VDR in ROS cells. We found that PMA or 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 treatment alone resulted in a 50 and 200% increase in VDR, respectively. PMA treatment alone resulted in a 50% increase in VDR protein and a marginal 20% increase in VDR mRNA. 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 up-regulation of VDR was associated with a 2-fold increase in VDR mRNA. In contrast, co-treatment of ROS cells with PMA and 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 resulted in a synergistic 10-fold induction of VDR mRNA and the appearance of a 7.2 kb VDR transcript. VDR protein was also synergistically up-regulated by combined PMA and 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 treatment of ROS cells. Scatchard analysis demonstrated that the synergistic effect of PMA and 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 on VDR protein expression was not associated with any change in the affinity of VDR for 1,25(OH)(2)D-3. The synergistic effect of 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 and PMA on VDR expression supports a link between PKC signal pathways and the function of VDR. RP REINHARDT, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,POB 70,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0303-7207 J9 MOL CELL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 101 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 165 DI 10.1016/0303-7207(94)90230-5 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA NJ789 UT WOS:A1994NJ78900020 PM 9397948 ER PT J AU FRITZ, GN CONN, J COCKBURN, A SEAWRIGHT, J AF FRITZ, GN CONN, J COCKBURN, A SEAWRIGHT, J TI SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS OF THE RIBOSOMAL DNA INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER-2 FROM POPULATIONS OF ANOPHELES NUNEZTOVARI (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE) SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE ANOPHELES NUNEZTOVARI; NYSSORHYNCHUS; RIBOSOMAL DNA; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER 2; CRYPTIC SPECIES ID AEDES-ALBOPICTUS SKUSE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MULTIGENE FAMILIES; RNA GENES; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; NONTRANSCRIBED SPACER; WORLD POPULATIONS; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; UNEQUAL CROSSOVER; GAMBIAE COMPLEX AB Sequence variation of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) was examined for populations of the malaria vector Anopheles nuneztovari collected in Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Suriname, and Brazil. Mosquitoes from Colombia and Venezuela had identical ITS2 sequences and were distinguished from sequences in other populations by three insertion/deletion events (indels) and by one transversion. The length of the ITS2 was 363-369 bp, and it had a G+C content of 55.3%-55.7%. Variation in the length of the ITS2 between and within populations was due to indels in simple repeats. ITS2 consensus sequences were similar or identical for samples from the following three groups: (1) Colombia, Bolivia, and Venezuela; (2) Suriname and northern Brazil; and (3) eastern and central Brazil. The presence of two different consensus sequences from a single location near Manaus, Brazil, suggests that populations from eastern Brazil and those from Suriname converge in this region of the Amazon Basin. These data show that putative cryptic species of An. nuneztovari are distinguished by very minor differences in DNA sequence of the ITS2 region. C1 US ARS,MED VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL. RP FRITZ, GN (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL,BLDG 970,HULL RD,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. RI Cockburn, Andrew/B-1354-2009; OI Cockburn, Andrew/0000-0002-1636-9019; Conn, Jan/0000-0002-5301-7020 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-31034] NR 64 TC 152 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 11 IS 3 BP 406 EP 416 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA NL771 UT WOS:A1994NL77100008 PM 8015435 ER PT J AU LIAO, CH MCCALLUS, DE FETT, WF AF LIAO, CH MCCALLUS, DE FETT, WF TI MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF 2 GENE LOCI REQUIRED FOR PRODUCTION OF THE KEY PATHOGENICITY FACTOR PECTATE LYASE IN PSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIFLAVA SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE CLONING; EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES; GENE REGULATION; SOFT-ROT BACTERIA ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; REGULATORY GENE; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; DNA CLONING; SYSTEM; MUTAGENESIS; VEGETABLES; PROTEINS AB Four pleiotropic mutants of Pseudomonas viridiflava strain PJ-08-6A that were deficient in production of both pectate lyase (Pel) and protease (Prt) were isolated following transposon mutagenesis. Unlike secretion-defective (Out(-)) mutants, these four showed no accumulation of enzymes within the cells. Southern hybridization analysis revealed that each mutant had Tn5 inserted in one of two EcoRI genomic fragments. These EcoRI fragments (5.2-and 6.3-kb) appeared to contain two distinct gene loci, designated repA and repB, which were required for production of extracellular enzymes in this bacterium. Cosmid clones carrying the functional repA and repB DNA fragments were identified in a genomic: library of strain PJ-08-6A. After analysis of repA(+) plasmids by restriction mapping and marker-exchange mutagenesis, the repA gene was located in a joint region between the 1.8-kb EcoRI-HindIII and 2.8-kb EcoRI fragments cloned. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the repA region revealed the presence of an open reading frame consisting of 2,790 bases. The RepA protein predicted from the DNA sequence showed 93% similarity in amino acid sequence to the LemA protein of P. syringae pv. syringae, which was previously identified as a member of a two-component global regulatory system. A plasmid carrying the lemA gene of P. syringae pv. syringae was capable of complementing the RepA(-) mutation in P. viridiflava. The functions of the repA and lemA genes thus appear to be similar and interchangeable. Mutants of P. viridiflava strain SF312A deficient in production of Pel, Prt, and the exopolysaccharide alginate also were identified. Cosmid clones carrying the repA (but not repB) DNA of strain PJ-08-6A were able to restore the enzyme and alginate production in Rep(-) mutants of strain SF312A, The repA gene is therefore required for production of not only extracellular enzymes but also exopolysaccharides in P. viridiflava. RP LIAO, CH (reprint author), US ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PLANT SCI & TECHNOL RES UNIT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 38 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 7 IS 3 BP 391 EP 400 DI 10.1094/MPMI-7-0391 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA NM425 UT WOS:A1994NM42500010 PM 8012049 ER PT J AU LINO, M AF LINO, M TI INCOME AND SPENDING PATTERNS OF SINGLE-MOTHER FAMILIES SO MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW LA English DT Article RP LINO, M (reprint author), USDA,FAMILY ECON RES GRP,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0098-1818 J9 MON LABOR REV JI Mon. Labor Rev. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 117 IS 5 BP 29 EP 37 PG 9 WC Industrial Relations & Labor SC Business & Economics GA NN171 UT WOS:A1994NN17100005 ER PT J AU DAIGLE, DJ COTTY, PJ AF DAIGLE, DJ COTTY, PJ TI STABILITY OF COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM IN CULTURE INFLUENCES MYCOHERBICIDE EFFICACY SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE FERMENTATION MEDIUM; HEMP SESBANIA; LIQUID FERMENTATION; POTATO DEXTROSE AGAR ID SESBANIA-EXALTATA; CONIDIATION; SPORES AB Colletotrichum truncatum, a potential mycoherbicide for control of hemp sesbania, formed spontaneous variants on agar medium. The predominant variant produced more spores than the wild type on potato dextrose agar but the wild type produced more spores on Czapek-Dox agar. Spore yield of both types was greatly reduced on Czapek-Dox. In liquid culture, the variant spontaneously arose and gradually displaced the wild type. Although the variant produced more spores in liquid culture, it had reduced virulence. Displacement of wild type strains by similar variants in liquid fermentation may constrain production of this mycoherbicide and should be considered during the preparation of C. truncatum inocula. RP DAIGLE, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 86 IS 3 BP 397 EP 400 DI 10.2307/3760571 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA NZ046 UT WOS:A1994NZ04600011 ER PT J AU SAMUELS, GJ PETRINI, O MANGUIN, S AF SAMUELS, GJ PETRINI, O MANGUIN, S TI MORPHOLOGICAL AND MACROMOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF HYPOCREA-SCHWEINITZII AND ITS TRICHODERMA ANAMORPH SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ASCOMYCETES; HYPOCREALES; HYPOCREA; TRICHODERMA; TAXONOMY ID STARCH-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; GENUS TRICHODERMA; SECTION LONGIBRACHIATUM; REVISION; GLIOCLADIUM AB Morphological, cultural, and isozyme analyses were used to determine variation in the Trichoderma anamorph of Hypocrea schweinitzii, a presumably unequivocal species of Trichoderma, and to assess whether the anamorph of H. schweinitzii can be assigned to T. longibrachiatum, T. reesei, or T. pseudokoningii. The results of these studies indicate that H. schweinitzii comprises at least three distinct and taxonomically separable holomorph taxa that coincide with the geographical origin of the collections. The name H. schweinitzii can be applied to Northern Hemisphere and H. jecorina to tropical American collections; while taxonomically distinct, no name was given to a Chinese collection. The holomorphs of H. schweinitzii, H. jecorina, and the Chinese collection showed little intraspecific variation in morphology of the teleomorph or anamorph, or in cultural and isozyme characters. They exhibited no more variation than was noted in the ex type cultures of the named Trichoderma species. None of the named Trichoderma species coincided with any of the Hypocrea species studied. It is concluded that Trichoderma species in general can be narrowly defined but that morphology alone might not suffice to allow the identification of species. The synonymy of T. reesei under T. longibrachiatum is not supported by morphological and cultural observations and by isozyme data and it is therefore not accepted. C1 SWISS FED INST TECHNOL,INST MIKROBIOL,CH-8092 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC E,BENEFICIAL INSECTS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SAMUELS, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC W,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Manguin, Sylvie/G-1787-2015 OI Manguin, Sylvie/0000-0002-5925-7164 NR 35 TC 26 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 86 IS 3 BP 421 EP 435 DI 10.2307/3760575 PG 15 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA NZ046 UT WOS:A1994NZ04600015 ER PT J AU LAESSOE, T LODGE, DJ AF LAESSOE, T LODGE, DJ TI 3 HOST-SPECIFIC XYLARIA SPECIES SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ARALIACEAE; ECOLOGY; MELIACEAE; NEW SPECIES; SYSTEMATICS; XYLARIA AB Xylaria axifera is apparently related to X. comosa, and although it is restricted to the petioles of plants in the Araliaceae, it apparently does not invade its host until after the petioles have fallen. The description of X. axifera is emended to account for this host specificity and to include distinctive characteristics not provided in the original description. Two new, closely related Xylaria species that are only found on litter from trees in the Meliaceae (X. meliacearum on petioles and X. guareae on branches) are also described. C1 US FOREST SERV,CTR FOREST MYCOL RES,FOREST PROD LAB,POB B,PALMER,PR 00721. ROYAL BOT GARDENS,HERBARIUM,RICHMOND TW9 3AE,SURREY,ENGLAND. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 86 IS 3 BP 436 EP 446 DI 10.2307/3760576 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA NZ046 UT WOS:A1994NZ04600016 ER PT J AU RICHARD, JL PEDEN, WM WILLIAMS, PP AF RICHARD, JL PEDEN, WM WILLIAMS, PP TI GLIOTOXIN INHIBITS TRANSFORMATION AND ITS CYTOTOXIC TO TURKEY PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE CYTOTOXICITY; GLIOTOXIN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; LYMPHOCYTES; TURKEYS ID IMMUNOMODULATING ACTIVITY; MYCOTOXINS; CELLS; INVITRO; ASSAY AB Gliotoxin, an epipolythiodioxopiperizine mycotoxin, has been shown to be produced by, among other fungi, Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius. This organism is the major causative agent of the respiratory disease aspergillosis in avian species, especially turkeys. Because gliotoxin has been shown to be immunosuppressive and has the potential for being involved in the pathogenesis of aspergillosis, the in vitro activity of this compound with avian lymphocytes was investigated. Immunosuppression was investigated using peripheral blood lymphocytes from turkeys in a lymphoblastogenesis assay and a cytotoxicity assay using conversion of the tetrazolium salt MTT to MTT formazan by the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase enzyme elaborated only by living cells. Gliotoxin appeared to have a threshold level in both tests because little or no response or stimulation was evident when cells were exposed to concentrations of the toxin below 100 ng/ml, but at 100 ng/ml, all cells appeared to be dead. Using T-2 mycotoxin as a known cytotoxic agent, the response in the MTT bioassay using turkey peripheral lymphocytes was linear with increasing concentrations of toxin. Gliotoxin may potentially cause immunosuppression in turkey poults through action on the lymphocytes or if this toxin were present in low concentrations stimulation could possibly occur. C1 BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB CO,SYRACUSE,NY. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,MWA,AMES,IA 50010. RP RICHARD, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MWA,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD MAY PY 1994 VL 126 IS 2 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1007/BF01146202 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA NX761 UT WOS:A1994NX76100005 PM 7520534 ER PT J AU LIVINGSTON, DP KNIEVEL, DP GILDOW, FE AF LIVINGSTON, DP KNIEVEL, DP GILDOW, FE TI FRUCTAN SYNTHESIS IN OAT .1. OLIGOMER ACCUMULATION IN STEMS DURING COLD HARDENING AND THEIR IN-VITRO SYNTHESIS IN A CRUDE ENZYME EXTRACT SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE AVENA SATIVA (OAT); FRUCTAN OLIGOMERS; 1-KESTOSE; NEOKESTOSE; 6-KESTOSE; NYSTOSE; FRUCTOSYLTRANSFERASE ENZYMES ID LOLIUM-TEMULENTUM L; L CV GERBEL; EXCISED LEAVES; SUCROSE FRUCTOSYLTRANSFERASE; RIGIDUM GAUDIN; METABOLISM; INVERTASE; BIOSYNTHESIS; CARBOHYDRATE; HYDROLASE AB The accumulation of fructan oligomers in cold hardened oat stems was compared to oligomer synthesis in a crude enzyme extract. Water-soluble carbohydrates were quantified at specified time intervals in three oat cultivars which had been hardened for a total of 5 wk at 2 degrees C. A crude enzyme extract was prepared from stems of one cultivar hardened for 6 d at 2 degrees C and incubated at 30 degrees C with 200 mM sucrose. 1-Kestose was the first oligomer to accumulate in vitro but neokestose rapidly increased after 3 h of incubation and eventually surpassed the level of 1-kestose. Neokestose and 1-kestose accumulated at similar rates in vivo in the first week of hardening but after 1 week, 1-kestose began to decrease while neokestose remained relatively constant. The same phenomenon was observed in vitro but after only 3 h. 6-Kestose was not observed in vivo or in vitro, except for a trace before hardening began. The first tetramer to increase was 1&6(G)-kestotetraose but it subsequently decreased and its concentration was surpassed by that of 6(G),6-kestotetraose. Similarities and differences between in vivo and in vitro patterns of fructan synthesis are discussed. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,UNIV PK,PA 16802. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP LIVINGSTON, DP (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 127 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb04256.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NR088 UT WOS:A1994NR08800003 ER PT J AU SMITH, SM FINLEY, J JOHNSON, LAK LUKASKI, HC AF SMITH, SM FINLEY, J JOHNSON, LAK LUKASKI, HC TI INDEXES OF IN-VIVO AND IN-VITRO THYROID-HORMONE METABOLISM IN IRON-DEFICIENT RATS SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE IRON DEFICIENCY; THYROXINE; TRIIODOTHYRONINE; THYROID HORMONE RECEPTORS ID NOREPINEPHRINE TURNOVER; ANEMIA; CATECHOLAMINE AB Iron deficiency impairs thermoregulation, partially through altering the conversion of thyroxine,(T-4) to triiodothyronine (T-3). We studied the distribution and excretion of I-125- T-4 and the hepatic thyroid hormone receptor concentrations to determine the in vivo relationships between hepatic deiodinase activity and disposition of T-4 in iron deficiency. Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on either iron-sufficient (CN, 35 ppm Fe, n=7) or iron-deficient (ID, approximate to 5 ppm Fe, n=7) diets. A third group was pair-fed (PF, n=6) the CN diet in amounts equal to that of matched ID rats. Following 6-7 weeks of dietary treatment, animals were anesthetized and cannulas were placed in the right jugular vein and the bile duct. A 20 mu Ci bolus of I-125-T-4, was infused into the jugular vein. Bile samples were obtained at timed intervals. Animals were killed after 2h and organs were removed for determination of labeled hormone content. There was no effect of iron status on bile flow rate, and there was no change in bile flow rate throughout the 2 h period. Tracer distribution was unaffected by iron deficiency. The percent of I-125-T-4, dose in heart, kidney and brown adipose tissue after 2h was similar in ID and CN rats (p>0.05 by ANOVA). The rate of hormone excretion into bile was slightly elevated in ID rats. In a second study, thyroid hormone binding by nuclear receptors tended to be lower in ID rats when compared to CN controls. These results suggest that the metabolism of T, is altered in iron deficiency and that ID rats are functionally hypothyroid. Future studies are required to further clarify the effects of iron deficiency on thyroid hormone metabolism. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 14 IS 5 BP 729 EP 739 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80208-8 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA NJ934 UT WOS:A1994NJ93400009 ER PT J AU APGAR, J KRAMER, T SMITH, JC AF APGAR, J KRAMER, T SMITH, JC TI RETINOIC ACID AND VITAMIN-A - EFFECT OF LOW-LEVELS ON OUTCOME OF PREGNANCY IN GUINEA-PIGS SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE REQUIREMENT; RETINOL; LIVER; MALFORMATION; TERATOGENICITY ID A-DEFICIENCY; RECEPTORS; LIVER; RAT AB To study the effect of marginal vitamin A status during pregnancy on the health of guinea pig neonates the level of vitamin A required to produce viable offspring was determined. In previous work adult animals fed a vitamin A-deficient diet for one month before mating and throughout pregnancy delivered dead pups. In this experiment depletion was followed by supplementation with three levels of vitamin A after day 30 (d30) of pregnancy (gestation=68+/-2d). Young adult guinea pigs were fed a vitamin A-deficient diet for 1 mo prior to mating and throughout pregnancy. Because approximately 6 wk was required for all females to mate under our conditions, they were dosed with retinoic acid (RA) from the end of the one month depletion until day 30 of pregnancy. RA was given to spare the females' remaining stores of vitamin A to reduce differences that might arise between females that mated first and those that mated last. All-trans RA was given orally three times a week; the weekly dose approximated 1.5 mg/kg body weight. After d30 RA was discontinued, and females were dosed weekly with 0, 175, 350 or 1166 retinol equivalents (RE) as retinol palmitate. At delivery malformations were observed in 28 to 66 percent of the litters irrespective of vitamin A supplementation. No malformations occurred in litters of II females of the same age fed a commercial guinea pig diet. Because the occurrence of malformations complicated determination of the amount of vitamin A required to produce viable neonates, females continued to receive the same treatment they received from d30 of the first pregnancy through remating, a second pregnancy, and a 2 wk lactation. Malformations were observed in litters of only 2/28 pregnancies. Under these conditions guinea pigs required a minimum of 175 RE/wk (equivalent to 25 RE/d) to produce viable neonates. To maintain normal weight gains of pups through a 2 wk lactation females required at least 45 RE/kg body wt/d. Since the dose of RA used was much less than the teratogenic dose in other animals, the guinea pig may be unusually sensitive to RA, or prior depletion of Vitamin A stores may have increased the teratogenicity of RA. C1 HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP APGAR, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 14 IS 5 BP 741 EP 751 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80209-X PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA NJ934 UT WOS:A1994NJ93400010 ER PT J AU FLEET, JC AF FLEET, JC TI NEW SUPPORT FOR A FOLK REMEDY - CRANBERRY JUICE REDUCES BACTERIURIA AND PYURIA IN ELDERLY WOMEN SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; URINARY-TRACT; ADHERENCE AB Cranberry juice has developed a following as a simple, nonpharmacologic means to reduce or treat urinary tract infections, yet the scientific basis for such a claim has been lacking. A new study suggests that bacterial infections (bacteriuria) and associated influx of white blood cells into the urine (pyuria) can be reduced by nearly 50% in elderly women who drink 300 mL of cranberry juice cocktail each day over the course of a 6-month study. The results of this study suggest that consumption of cranberry juice is more effective in treating than preventing bacteriuria and pyuria. Along with earlier reports on the ability of cranberry juice to inhibit bacterial adherence to urinary epithelial cells in cell culture, this new work suggests that drinking cranberry juice each day may be clinically useful. Additional work must be conducted however, to more completely define the efficacy of cranberry juice. RP FLEET, JC (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 52 IS 5 BP 168 EP 170 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA NR461 UT WOS:A1994NR46100003 PM 8052456 ER PT J AU LIEBERMAN, MA PATIL, RB AF LIEBERMAN, MA PATIL, RB TI CLUSTERING AND NEURAL NETWORKS TO CATEGORIZE COTTON TRASH SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE HIERARCHICAL CLUSTERING; NEURAL NETWORKS; PATTERN CLASSIFICATION; VIDEO IMAGE PROCESSING; COTTON; LINT; NONLINT MATERIAL; TRASH AB Cotton is currently graded on its color, leaf, and preparation. Individual component measurements for color and trash are currently reported along with the cotton grades. The cotton industry now requires a method to identify all types of trash in a sample. An image processing system, a test of feature invariance, and two preliminary pattern classification methods used to identify the types of trash in cotton samples are presented. In one approach, the classical grouping performed uses divisive hierarchical clustering based on a normalized Euclidian distance metric. Clustering classified 568 trash objects in the training data set with 92% accuracy into bark, stick, and leaf/pepper categories. An area cutoff in the pepper-leaf continuum could handle a separation between leaf and pepper. In the second approach, neural networks minimize identification error in a training data set. Using 75% of a 562 object data set for training, neural networks classified the remaining 134 trash objects into bark versus nonbark categories with a 99.3% accuracy (one piece of bark misidentified). Another network further classifies the nonbark objects into either stick or a combined leaf/pepper category with 96.4% accuracy. Combining both networks gives an accuracy of 96.3%. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT COMP SCI,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP LIEBERMAN, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SW COTTON GINNING RES LAB,POB 578,300 E COLL DR,MESILLA PK,NM 88047, USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PHOTO-OPT INSTRUM ENG PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1642 EP 1653 DI 10.1117/12.164326 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA NL511 UT WOS:A1994NL51100034 ER PT J AU AMAGASA, T PAUL, RN HEITHOLT, JJ DUKE, SO AF AMAGASA, T PAUL, RN HEITHOLT, JJ DUKE, SO TI PHYSIOLOGICAL-EFFECTS OF CORNEXISTIN ON LEMNA-PAUSICOSTATA SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HERBICIDES; ACIFLUORFEN; INHIBITION; PHYTOTOXINS; SPINACH; ENZYMES; GROWTH; BLOCK AB Cornexistin, a microbial product isolated from the fungus Paecilomyces variotii SANK 21086, has postemergence herbicidal activity on several important weeds at rates (0.5 kg/ha) that do not affect maize (Zea mays L.). In a duckweed (Lemna pausicostata Hegelm. 6746) bioassay, cornexistin at 333 nM caused pronounced inhibition of growth within 72 hr. At the ultrastructural level, the first symptom was shrinkage and then disappearance of chloroplast starch grains, followed by plasma membrane and tonoplast disruption. Carbon dioxide fixation, as measured by infrared gas analysis, was reduced in a linear fashion by 10 muM cornexistin, resulting in complete inhibition after 24 hr. Photosynthetic parameters more directly associated with light reactions, P-515 electrochromic transient and variable chlorophyll fluorescence, were more slowly affected by cornexistin. Five hundred micromolars each of L-aspartate, L-glutamate, or the TCA cycle intermediates, succinate, citrate, malate, oxaloacetate, and alpha-ketoglutarate prevented cornexistin phytotoxicity when these compounds were incorporated into the culture medium at the time of first exposure to the herbicide. D-Aspartate and D-glutamate had little or no effect on phytotoxicity. Sucrose at 15 mM was also very effective in reducing the phytotoxicity of cornexistin, whereas concentrations of 1 mM or lower were ineffective. Aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) at 3.33 muM caused phytotoxicity effects similar to those of cornexistin. AOA effects were overcome by the same compounds that prevented cornexistin phytotoxicity. Cornexistin inhibited aspartate amino transferase (AAT) in vitro by only 20-30% at high concentrations, only after incubation in a cell extract. In vitro incubation of these L. pausicostata protein extracts also caused changes in AAT activity stain patterns on polyacrylamide gels. Cornexistin may be metabolized to an inhibitor of one or more AAT isozymes in vivo. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 39 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 49 IS 1 BP 37 EP 52 DI 10.1006/pest.1994.1032 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA NT186 UT WOS:A1994NT18600004 ER PT J AU AVERY, ML NOL, P HUMPHREY, JS AF AVERY, ML NOL, P HUMPHREY, JS TI RESPONSES OF 3 SPECIES OF CAPTIVE FRUIT-EATING BIRDS TO PHOSMET-TREATED FOOD SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB We conducted two-cup feeding trials to assess the responses of cedar waxwings (Bombycilla cedrorum (Vieillet)), American robins (Turdus migratorius (L.)), and European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris L.) to food adulterated with phosmet 500 g kg-1 WP ('Imidan'(R)). All species avoided phosmet concentrations greater-than-or-equal-to 100 mg kg-1. Robins avoided food containing 60 mg kg-1 phosmet, while food consumption by starlings was reduced by a 30 mg kg-1 treatment. All species were indifferent to phosmet at 10 mg kg-1. These findings suggest that fruit-eating birds will safely avoid ingesting harmful levels of phosmet when the insecticide is applied to small fruit such as blueberries and cherries. Feeding deterrence associated with phosmet might be exploited in management strategies to protect small fruit crops from damage by birds. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,OFF SPONSORED RES,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP AVERY, ML (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,2820 E UNIV AVE,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601, USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 41 IS 1 BP 49 EP 53 DI 10.1002/ps.2780410109 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA NN004 UT WOS:A1994NN00400008 ER PT J AU ZHU, ZI EVANS, DL AF ZHU, ZI EVANS, DL TI UNITED-STATES FOREST TYPES AND PREDICTED PERCENT FOREST COVER FROM AVHRR DATA SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB Two forest-cover maps of national scale have been produced under the 1993 Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment Update program. Both maps are based on 1-kilometre resolution Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data, and use of multitemporal and multisource remote sensing data analyses. The forest-type groups map depicts the distribution patterns of 25 forest-cover types over the United States. Complementary to the forest-type groups map is the predicted percent forest-cover map of the conterminous United States which portrays the relative amount of forest cover per square kilometre. The two maps, in both digital and paper forms, provide current forest information for the U.S. Techniques and results of the 1993 RPA forest mapping project are presented, and apparent changes in forest cover since 1967 are also described. RP ZHU, ZI (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPTL STN,FOREST INVENTORY & ANAL,POB 906,STARKVILLE,MS 39759, USA. NR 23 TC 101 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 60 IS 5 BP 525 EP 531 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA NW256 UT WOS:A1994NW25600005 ER PT J AU OBANNI, M HIPSKIND, J TSAI, CY NICHOLSON, RL DUNKLE, LD AF OBANNI, M HIPSKIND, J TSAI, CY NICHOLSON, RL DUNKLE, LD TI PHENYLPROPANOID ACCUMULATION AND SYMPTOM EXPRESSION IN THE LETHAL LEAF-SPOT MUTANT OF MAIZE SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Symptom expression in the lethal leaf spot (LLS) mutant of maize (Zea mays L.), a disease lesion mimic conditioned by the homozygous recessive Ils gene, was investigated to assess the rate of lesion development and to compare the phenolic compounds that accumulate in affected LLS leaf tissue with those that accumulate in wild-type sib-plants inoculated with the fungus Cochliobolus heterostrophus. Several esters of phenylpropanoids, including caffeic acid and ferulic acid, accumulated during lesion development in both the LLS mutant and in lesions incited by C. heterostrophus. A p-coumaric acid ester accumulated in the LLS lesions during their development but was not detected in uninoculated LLS controls or in leaves inoculated with the fungus. Unlike typical lesions incited by fungal pathogens and unlike the lesions in other disease mimics of maize, the lesions in LLS plants did nor become delimited and attain a finite size. Lesions in LLS plants expanded at increasing rates until no living tissue remained on the leaf blade. Thus, LLS lesions expanded regardless of the accumulation of phenylpropanoid derivatives that are associated with lesion delimitation in fungal-induced lesions. The data suggest that lesion termination signals or factors proposed to restrict lesion expansion in disease mimics are absent from LLS plants. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 44 IS 5 BP 379 EP 388 DI 10.1016/S0885-5765(05)80050-5 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PC890 UT WOS:A1994PC89000006 ER PT J AU CHOI, SY GROSS, KC AF CHOI, SY GROSS, KC TI N-ACETYL-BETA-D-GLUCOSAMINIDASE FROM GOLDEN-DELICIOUS APPLES SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE MALUS DOMESTICA; ROSACEAE; APPLE; N-ACETYL-BETA-D-HEXOSAMINIDASE; PURIFICATION; ALPHA-MANNOSIDASE; KINETICS; FRUIT RIPENING ID HELICELLA-ERICETORUM; D-FUCOSIDASE; GLYCOSIDASES; PURIFICATION; GLYCANS; ACETYLHEXOSAMINIDASE; PROTEINS; FRUIT; CELLS AB N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) was purified to homogeneity and characterized from climacteric 'Golden Delicious' apple fruit cortical tissue. Ammonium sulphate fractionation (30-70%), Mono-Q anion-exchange and Con A-Sepharose 4B chromatography resulted in a 4.7% yield and 763-fold purification. The M(r) of the native enzyme was ca 236 000 using Superose 12 gel filtration, suggesting it was composed of eight similar subunits since only a single M(r) 29 000 silver-stained band was observed upon SDS-PAGE. The enzyme had a K-m and V-max for p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide of 0.23 mM and 8.48 nmol min(-1), respectively, and for p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide of 1.49 mM and 10.58 nmol min(-1), respectively. Estimates of V-max/K-m for both substrates indicated that p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide was the most efficient and preferred substrate. The kinetics of mixed-substrate reactions and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine inhibition indicated the enzyme has only one active site which binds both substrates. C1 KYUNGBUK RURAL DEV ADM,TAEGU 702320,SOUTH KOREA. RP CHOI, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BLDG 002,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD MAY PY 1994 VL 36 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA NL391 UT WOS:A1994NL39100001 ER PT J AU BENNETT, RD HASEGAWA, S WONG, RY AF BENNETT, RD HASEGAWA, S WONG, RY TI LIMONOIDS FROM ATALANTIA-ZEYLANICA SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ATALANTIA ZEYLANICA; RUTACEAE; LIMONOIDS; LIMONOID GLUCOSIDES; CYCLOATALANTIN; DEHYDROCYCLOATALANTIN; ISOCYCLOATALANTIN; 17-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; PROPELLANES ID GLUCOSIDES; CITRUS; SEEDS AB A limonoid glucoside and two aglycones, structurally related to the unusual propellane-type limonoid cycloepiatalantin, were isolated from Atalantia zeylanica seeds. The molecular conformation of cycloepiatalantin was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The glucoside, isocycloatalantin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside, is a 6 beta-hydroxy-7-keto analogue of cycloepiatalantin, and the aglycones, cycloatalantin and dehydrocycloatalantin, are the 7-epimer and the 7-ketone, respectively, of the latter. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP BENNETT, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,263 S CHESTER AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD MAY PY 1994 VL 36 IS 1 BP 163 EP 166 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97031-6 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA NL391 UT WOS:A1994NL39100031 ER PT J AU MOORE, JM HAYS, PA COOPER, DA CASALE, JF LYDON, J AF MOORE, JM HAYS, PA COOPER, DA CASALE, JF LYDON, J TI 1-HYDROXYTROPACOCAINE - AN ABUNDANT ALKALOID OF ERYTHROXYLUM NOVOGRANATENSE VAR NOVOGRANATENSE AND VAR TRUXILLENSE SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ERYTHROXYLUM NOVOGRANATENSE; ERYTHROXYLACEAE; COCA; TROPANE ALKALOID; HYDROXYTROPANE; 1-HYDROXYTROPACOCAINE ID GENUS ERYTHROXYLUM; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; TROPANE ALKALOIDS; ROOT-BARK; COCAINE; PROTON AB A new alkaloid, 1-hydroxytropacocaine, was isolated from leaves of greenhouse-cultivated Erythroxylum novogranatense var. novogranatense and identified. Quantitative levels of this alkaloid in dry leaf were similar to those for cocaine, i.e. 0.3-0.5% w/w. 1-Hydroxytropacocaine was also detected at 0.04-0.07% w/w (relative to dry coca leaf) in greenhouse-cultivated Erythroxylum novogranatense var. truxillense and at similar levels in Erythroxylum novogranatense var. novogranatense, grown at a tropical site other than in South America. The presence of 1-hydroxytropacocaine was <0.01% w/w (relative to dry coca leaf) in suspected Erythroxylum novogranatense var. novogranatense and Erythroxylum coca var. coca, field-cultivated in Colombia and Bolivia, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MOORE, JM (reprint author), US DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADM,SPECIAL TESTING & RES LAB,7704 OLD SPRINGHOUSE RD,MCLEAN,VA 22102, USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD MAY PY 1994 VL 36 IS 2 BP 357 EP 360 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97075-4 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA NQ305 UT WOS:A1994NQ30500019 ER PT J AU JIN, Y STEFFENSON, BJ MILLER, JD AF JIN, Y STEFFENSON, BJ MILLER, JD TI INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO PATHOTYPES QCC AND MCC OF PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS F SP TRITICI IN BARLEY LINE Q21861 AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON THE EXPRESSION OF RESISTANCE SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Barley line Q21861 is one of several accessions that possess resistance to pathotypes QCC and MCC of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Crosses were made between Q21861 and several barley cultivars to study the inheritance of resistance to pathotypes QCC and MCC. Progeny evaluations indicated that resistance to pathotype QCC in Q21861 was conferred by a recessive gene that conditioned low infection types at low incubation temperatures (18-20 C). This gene was ineffective against pathotype QCC at incubation temperatures greater than 27 C. Resistance to pathotype MCC in Q21861 was controlled by two genes, one dominant and one recessive, that segregated independently. The dominant gene is allelic to Rpg1, and the recessive gene identified is the same one conferring resistance to pathotype QCC. This recessive gene is not allelic with Rpg2 based on an allelism test. It is unlikely allelic with Rpg3 based on reaction to pathotype QCC at the seedling stage, a recessive inheritance pattern, and temperature sensitivity. The locus and allele symbols Rpg4 and rpg4d, respectively, are suggested for the recessive gene in Q21861. C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RP JIN, Y (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 11 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1994 VL 84 IS 5 BP 452 EP 455 DI 10.1094/Phyto-84-452 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NN881 UT WOS:A1994NN88100003 ER PT J AU WIGLESWORTH, MD NESMITH, WC SIEGEL, MR BONDE, MR MAIN, CE AF WIGLESWORTH, MD NESMITH, WC SIEGEL, MR BONDE, MR MAIN, CE TI DISTINGUISHING ISOLATES OF PERONOSPORA-TABACINA FROM GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS UTILIZING TOBACCO LEAF-DISKS AND FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID BLUE MOLD; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; DUVATRIENEDIOLS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; REPANDA; LEAVES AB A laboratory bioassay to distinguish isolates of Peronospora tabacina D.B. Adam was developed utilizing 7-mm acetone-dipped disks cut from tobacco leaf panels from several cultivars of Nicotiana tabacum, sporangiospores of P. tabacina, a germination indicator (Calcofluor), and fluorescence microscopy. Sporangiospore germination percentage of each isolate X cultivar pair was determined. Mean germination of sporangiospores differed between domestic and international collection locations (except between the two Mexican isolates). These results suggest the presence of different pathotypes of P. tabacina. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. USDA FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES,FREDERICK,MD. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP WIGLESWORTH, MD (reprint author), CIBA GEIGY CORP,PLANT PROTECT,LANSING,MI 48917, USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 78 IS 5 BP 456 EP 460 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NJ184 UT WOS:A1994NJ18400005 ER PT J AU JANISIEWICZ, WJ PETERSON, DL BORS, R AF JANISIEWICZ, WJ PETERSON, DL BORS, R TI CONTROL OF STORAGE DECAY OF APPLES WITH SPOROBOLOMYCES-ROSEUS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE POSTHARVEST BIOCONTROL ID POSTHARVEST BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; COCHLIOBOLUS-SATIVUS; BLUE MOLD; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; SEPTORIA-NODORUM; WHEAT LEAVES; GRAY MOLD; BROWN ROT; BIOCONTROL; DISEASES AB The biocontrol potential of an antagonist occurring naturally on pome fruit surfaces against postharvest diseases of apple (Malus X domestica) was investigated. Pink yeast, Sporobolomyces roseus (isolate FS-43-238), isolated from pear fruit reduced blue mold (Penicillium expansum) from 100 to 0% and gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) from 78 to 0% on wounded fruit drop-inoculated with suspensions containing 7.9 X 10(6) and 6.3 X 10(5) cfu/ml yeast cells, respectively, and then challenged with the pathogen at 10(4) conidia per milliliter. The reduction in the percentage of infected wounds and in average lesion diameter followed a similar pattern and was effected by the antagonist and pathogen concentrations. On wounded apples dipped in the pathogen or antagonist-pathogen suspensions and stored for 3 mo at 1 C, the incidence of rots was reduced from 33 to 0% for P. expansum and from 92 to 4% for B. cinerea at yeast concentrations of 7.9 and 5.3 X 10(6) cfu/ml, respectively. In spray application, where S. roseus was mixed with both pathogens (each at 10(4) conidia per milliliter), less than 1% of fruit developed lesions in the antagonist-pathogen treatment, compared to 15% in the control and 9% in the thiabendazole treatment, after 6 mo in storage at 1 C. Wounds wee readily colonized by S. roseus, and the populations increased from 4.3 to 6.1 log cfu/ml in drop-application experiments after 48 hr at 18 C and from 4.1 to 6.4 log cfu/ ml in spray-application experiments after 3 mo at 1 C. In addition to its effectiveness at relatively low concentrations, S. roseus shows promise for commercial development because it is ubiquitous in nature, occurs commonly on fruits, and does not grow at 36 C. RP JANISIEWICZ, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 36 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 78 IS 5 BP 466 EP 470 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NJ184 UT WOS:A1994NJ18400007 ER PT J AU CARSON, ML VANDYKE, CG AF CARSON, ML VANDYKE, CG TI EFFECT OF LIGHT AND TEMPERATURE ON EXPRESSION OF PARTIAL RESISTANCE OF MAIZE TO EXSEROHILUM-TURCICUM SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE CORN; POLYGENIC RESISTANCE; SETOSPHAERIA-TURCICUM ID NORTHERN LEAF-BLIGHT; HELMINTHOSPORIUM-TURCICUM; MAJOR GENE; CORN; COMPONENTS AB The effects of light and temperature on the expression of major gene resistance in maize (Zea mays) to northern leaf blight (caused by Exserohilum turcicum) are well documented. However, their effects on the expression of partial resistance to the disease have not been studied. Six maize inbred lines, representing a wide range in levels of partial resistance to northern leaf blight, were evaluated for three components of partial resistance (incubation period, latent period, and sporulation intensity) in controlled environmental chambers representing a factorial arrangement of three temperature regimes (22/18 C, 26/22 C, and 30/26 C, day/ night) and two light intensities (full light, 639 muE.m-2,s-1, or half light, 320 muE.m-2.s-1). Incubation and latent periods of inbred lines were consistently correlated, regardless of environmental conditions, and reflected the lines' levels of partial resistance. Although there was some relationship with partial resistance, sporulation intensity on inbred lines was highly variable, interacting with both temperature and light, and was greatly reduced at the 30/26 C temperature regime. Incubation or latent period length could be a useful measure of partial resistance of maize genotypes in greenhouse or growth chamber screenings of seedlings. Unlike major gene resistance, partial resistance expressed as an increased latent period appears to be a stable trait expressed over a wide range of temperature and light conditions, although higher temperatures tended to increase the differences among genotypes. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP CARSON, ML (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 78 IS 5 BP 519 EP 522 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NJ184 UT WOS:A1994NJ18400020 ER PT J AU DUNLAP, JR WANG, YT SKARIA, A AF DUNLAP, JR WANG, YT SKARIA, A TI ABSCISIC-ACID-INDUCED AND ETHYLENE-INDUCED DEFOLIATION OF RADERMACHERA-SINICA L SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE ABSCISIC ACID; ETHYLENE SYNTHESIS; LEAF ABSCISSION; SILVER THIOSULFATE ID SILVER THIOSULFATE; COTTON SEEDLINGS; PLANTS; CELLULASE; LIGHT; AUXIN AB Radermachera sinica L. is an ornamental plant with demonstrated sensitivity to ethylene-induced leaf abscission. In this study, we examine the relationship between abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene in initiating the abscission response. Treatment with 1 mu l L(-1) of ethylene, 1 mM 1-aminocycropropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) or 1 mM ABA resulted in complete defoliation of leaf explants. Application of 0.125 mM silver thiosulfate (STS) inhibited ethylene- and ACC-induced abscission but had no effect on explants treated with ABA. The ABA-induced abscission was unaffected by treatment with aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) or aminooxyacetic acid (AOA). Treatment of explants with 1 mM cobalt chloride (CoCl2) or 2000 mu l L(-1) of norbornadiene (NBD) completely inhibited abscission in explants treated with 1 mu l L(-1) ethylene or I mM ACC but they were only marginally effective in blocking ABA-induced abscission despite the lower level of endogenous ethylene. ABA appeared to increase the sensitivity of explants to ethylene. However, the evidence suggests that ABA may also function independent of ethylene to induce leaf abscission in R. sinica. RP DUNLAP, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,2415 E HWY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 14 IS 3 BP 243 EP 248 DI 10.1007/BF00024799 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NT126 UT WOS:A1994NT12600008 ER PT J AU ARORA, R WISNIEWSKI, ME AF ARORA, R WISNIEWSKI, ME TI COLD-ACCLIMATION IN GENETICALLY RELATED (SIBLING) DECIDUOUS AND EVERGREEN PEACH (PRUNUS-PERSICA [L] BATSCH) .2. A 60-KILODALTON BARK PROTEIN IN COLD-ACCLIMATED TISSUES OF PEACH IS HEAT-STABLE AND RELATED TO THE DEHYDRIN FAMILY OF PROTEINS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; FREEZING TOLERANCE; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; MESSENGER-RNAS; WATER-STRESS; ARABIDOPSIS; WHEAT; EXPRESSION; SPINACH; CLONING AB In several plant species, certain cold-regulated proteins share unique properties. These proteins are (a) heat stable and (b) hydrophilic and are related to the Group 2 late embryogenesis abundant or dehydrin family of proteins. Our previous work with sibling deciduous and evergreen peach genotypes demonstrated a correlation between the level of accumulation of certain bark proteins and cold-acclimation potential of these tissues. Here we identify a 60-kD bark protein in peach (Prunes persica [L.] Batsch), PCA60 (''peach cold acclimation''), that is accumulated during cold acclimation and is heat stable. Immunological studies indicated that this protein is related to the dehydrin family of proteins and accumulates at much higher levels in the bark tissues of the deciduous genotype than in the evergreen. Amino acid composition indicated that the 60-kD protein has a compositional bias for glycine (24%), glutamic acid/glutamine (11.4%), aspartic acid/asparagine (10%), and threonine (9.6%), contains relatively low levels of aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine), and is rich in hydrophilic amino acids. A novel characteristic of the 60-kD cold-acclimation protein is the presence of a repeating nine-amino acid sequence. A five-amino acid stretch, which is included within this repeating motif, shares striking homology with other cold-regulated proteins and dehydrins. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. NR 30 TC 110 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 105 IS 1 BP 95 EP 101 DI 10.1104/pp.105.1.95 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NL641 UT WOS:A1994NL64100013 PM 8029367 ER PT J AU NAGARAJ, RY WU, WD VESONDER, RF AF NAGARAJ, RY WU, WD VESONDER, RF TI TOXICITY OF CORN CULTURE MATERIAL OF FUSARIUM-PROLIFERATUM M-7176 AND NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION IN CHICKS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FUSARIUM-PROLIFERATUM; MYCOTOXIN; TOXICITY; ANTI-THIAMIN FACTOR; NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION ID BROILER-CHICKENS; MONILIFORMIN; FUMONISINS; MYCOTOXINS; INHIBITION; FEED AB The toxicity of Fusarium proliferatum M-7176 cultured on corn (FPC) and nutritional intervention were investigated in baby chicks (New Hampshire x Single Comb White Leghorn) in three 2-wk feeding experiments. In Experiment 1, 30% FPC decreased weight gain (P < .05) and increased relative heart weight (RHW) (P < .01). Experiment 2 included a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of FPC (0 or 30%) and Se (0 or 5 mg/kg) and two detached treatments of Se (2.5 mg/kg) or thiamin (B1, 25 mg/kg) supplementations to 30% FPC. Only B1 was inhibitory to the toxic effects of FPC on weight gain, feed efficiency, and RHW (P < .05). Experiment 3 included 2 x 2 factorial arrangement between FPC (0 or 30%) and Se (0 or 4 mg/kg), or B1 (0 or 50 mg/kg), or vitamin E (0 or 50 IU/kg) and additional supplementations of Se (2 mg/kg), B1 (10 or 25 mg/kg), or E (10 IU/kg) to 30% FPC. A new batch of FPC was used and it caused 36% mortality. Vitamin E did not interact with FPC, but SE interacted with FPC only on RHW (P < .01). Thiamin interacted with FPC on all measured variables with significance ranging from P < .1 to P < .01. Supplementation of B1 as low as 10 mg/kg was inhibitory to some toxic effects of FPC. However, B1 as high as 50 mg/kg did not completely negate the cardiotoxicity. Water-extractable B1 in FPC diets was 13 to 27% of the control diets. Water extract of FPC reduced B1 recovery from a standard solution by 40%. The anti-thiamin factor was heat-sensitive. Both fumonisins and moniliformin were present in FPC. However, the results indicate that the anti-thiamin factor is also a major toxic factor of F. proliferatum M-7176. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT POULTRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 73 IS 5 BP 617 EP 626 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NH684 UT WOS:A1994NH68400004 PM 8047504 ER PT J AU HOLLISTER, AG CORRIER, DE NISBET, DJ BEIER, RC DELOACH, JR AF HOLLISTER, AG CORRIER, DE NISBET, DJ BEIER, RC DELOACH, JR TI COMPARISON OF EFFECTS OF CHICKEN CECAL MICROORGANISMS MAINTAINED IN CONTINUOUS-CULTURE AND PROVISION OF DIETARY LACTOSE ON CECAL COLONIZATION BY SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM IN TURKEY POULTS AND BROILER CHICKS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; LACTOSE; BROILER; POULT; COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION ID COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; INFECTION; MICROFLORA; PREVENTION; METABOLISM; GROWTH; FLORA AB A mixed bacterial culture derived from the cecal contents of an adult broiler chicken was maintained in continuous-flow culture and tested for effectiveness in Salmonella colonization reduction in broiler chicks and turkey poults. Day-old chicks and poults in two separate experiments were divided into four groups and provided a standard com-soybean diet with: 1) no culture, no lactose (control); 2) 5% dietary lactose; 3) broth culture by crop gavage; 4) culture by crop gavage and 5% lactose. All groups were challenged orally on Day 3 with 104 Salmonella typhimurium. At 10 and 21 d of age the d-chicks provided culture and lactose had significantly (P <.05) fewer Salmonella per gram of cecal contents than controls. Poults provided culture by gavage and lactose also had significantly (P < .05) fewer Salmonella per gram of cecal contents than control poults, but the number was 100- to 1,000-fold higher than that of the chicks provided the same treatment. The percentage of Salmonella cecal-culture-positive chicks provided culture and lactose was significantly reduced at 10 and 21 d of age in both experiments compared with controls, but the percentage of cecal-culture-positive poults was significantly different from controls only at 21 d in one of the two experiments. Chicks provided culture and lactose had significantly fewer Salmonella colony-forming units per gram and significantly fewer cecal-culture-positive birds than poults provided culture and lactose in both experiments. The results indicate that cultures of cecal bacteria that effectively reduce Salmonella colonization in broiler d-chicks may not be as effective for reduction of Salmonella colonization in turkey poults. RP HOLLISTER, AG (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 73 IS 5 BP 640 EP 647 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NH684 UT WOS:A1994NH68400006 PM 8047506 ER PT J AU CORRIER, DE NISBET, DJ HOLLISTER, AG BEIER, RC SCANLAN, CM HARGIS, BM DELOACH, JR AF CORRIER, DE NISBET, DJ HOLLISTER, AG BEIER, RC SCANLAN, CM HARGIS, BM DELOACH, JR TI RESISTANCE AGAINST SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS CECAL COLONIZATION IN LEGHORN CHICKS BY VENT LIP APPLICATION OF CECAL BACTERIA CULTURE SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; LEGHORN CHICKS; CECAL BACTERIA; VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS; VENT LIPS ID COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; INTESTINAL FLORA; DIETARY LACTOSE; PREVENTION; MICROFLORA; INFECTION; POULTS; AGE AB Leghorn chicks were treated with cultures of cecal bacteria from adult chickens by crop gavage, upper body spray, or vent lip application on the day of hatch. The chicks were challenged orally with 10(4) Salmonella enteritidis (SE) at 3 d of age and evaluated for SE cecal colonization at 10 d of age. The concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the cecal contents was determined on the day after culture treatment and at 10 d of age. Compared with controls, SE colonization was significantly decreased in each of the treatment groups. Vent lip application of a single .05-mL drop of cecal bacteria culture resulted in resistance against SE challenge comparable to crop gavage or spray treatment with .5 mL of culture. Resistance to SE challenge was directly associated with the concentrations of total VFA and propionic acid in the cecal contents of the treated chicks on the day after culture treatment. The results indicated that cecal bacteria from adult chickens that increase SE colonization resistance may rapidly become established in the ceca of newly hatched chicks following contact with the vent lips. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP CORRIER, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 73 IS 5 BP 648 EP 652 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NH684 UT WOS:A1994NH68400007 PM 8047507 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, SM FLETCHER, DL COX, NA AF RUSSELL, SM FLETCHER, DL COX, NA TI EFFECT OF FREEZING ON THE RECOVERY OF MESOPHILIC BACTERIA FROM TEMPERATURE-ABUSED BROILER CHICKEN CARCASSES SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TEMPERATURE ABUSE; FREEZING; MESOPHILES; BROILER; SHELF-LIFE AB The effects of freezing on the recovery of mesophilic bacteria from broiler chicken carcasses were determined. Fifty fresh broiler carcasses were used in each of three independent trials. Ten carcasses were sampled at time of collection (Treatment 1: Day 0 control). The other 40 carcasses were sampled at Day 7 following one of four additional treatments with 10 carcasses each: held at 3 C (Treatment 2: 7-d control), frozen and then held at 3 C (Treatment 3: frozen control), temperature abused at 25 C for 12 h and held at 3 C (Treatment 4: temperature abused), and temperature abused at 25 C for 12 h, frozen, and held at 3 C (Treatment 5: temperature abused and frozen). Carcasses were sampled by rinsing, and total plate counts (TPC) expressed as log10 colony-forming units per milliliter and impedance detection times (DT) in hours were determined using incubation temperatures of 42 and 43 C, respectively. Results for TPC for Treatments 1 to 5 were 3.89, 3.52, 2.86, 6.53, and 5.57 log10 cfu/mL, respectively. Results for DT for Treatments 1 to 5 were 5.41, 6.50, 7.10, 2.55, and 3.42 log10 cfu/mL, respectively. Freezing reduced the ability to detect temperature abuse because of a significant reduction in the number of mesophiles recovered using either microbiological technique. Freezing appears to decrease, but may not completely eliminate, the ability of selective incubation to detect temperature abuse. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT POULTRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 73 IS 5 BP 739 EP 743 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NH684 UT WOS:A1994NH68400017 PM 8047514 ER PT J AU DYBKJAER, L VRAAANDERSEN, L PAISLEY, LG MOLLER, K CHRISTENSEN, G AGGER, JF AF DYBKJAER, L VRAAANDERSEN, L PAISLEY, LG MOLLER, K CHRISTENSEN, G AGGER, JF TI ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BEHAVIOR AND STOMACH LESIONS IN SLAUGHTER PIGS SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EARLY WEANED PIGLETS; STRESS AB The associations between eight behavioural indicators of ''stress'' (defined in a very general sense) and the occurrence of different stomach lesions were investigated in a cohort study, including 266 pigs from two commercial farms. Behavioural recordings were made in the fourth week after weaning, and the stomachs were examined after slaughter at a liveweight of approximately 95 kg. Using logistic regression, weak associations were found between the frequency of four combinations of redirected oral behaviour patterns and the risk of acute ulcers in the fundus region of the stomach. Based on results from other studies in pigs and humans, these associations could reflect biological associations. Associations were also demonstrated between behaviour and keratinisation of the epithelial layer of the pars oesophagea, but the associations differed between the two herds. C1 FEDERAT DANISH PIG PRODUCERS & SLAUGHTERHOUSES,DIV VET,DK-1609 COPENHAGEN V,DENMARK. ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI & ANIM HLTH,DIV ETHOL & HLTH,DK-1870 FREDERIKSBERG C,DENMARK. FEDERAT DANISH PIG PRODUCERS & SLAUGHTERHOUSES,DIV VET,DK-8620 KJELLERUP,DENMARK. USDA,APHIS VS,SAN JUAN,PR. AARHUS UNIV,INST MED MICROBIOL,DK-8000 AARHUS,DENMARK. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 19 IS 2 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.1016/0167-5877(94)90042-6 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NN845 UT WOS:A1994NN84500003 ER PT J AU COLL, C CASELLES, V SCHMUGGE, TJ AF COLL, C CASELLES, V SCHMUGGE, TJ TI ESTIMATION OF LAND-SURFACE EMISSIVITY DIFFERENCES IN THE SPLIT-WINDOW CHANNELS OF AVHRR SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; SPECTRAL EMISSIVITY; SATELLITE; TEMPERATURE AB A method for estimating the difference between the channel emissivities in NOAA-AVHRR Channels 4 and 5 is proposed and applied to a data set from the HAPEX-MOBILHY experiment. The method is based on the separation between the atmospheric and emissivity effects in the brightness temperature difference measured with AVHRR Channels 4 and 5. Atmospheric profiles coincident to the satellite overpass and a radiative transfer model are required to estimate the atmospheric correction for brightness temperatures. With this procedure, the emissivity difference DELTAepsilon is obtained at the satellite spatial and spectral resolution, which has a great interest for correcting thermal images with the split-window technique. The order of magnitude of the error related to the method proposed has been estimated by means of a sensitivity analysis to be better than 0.005. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP COLL, C (reprint author), UNIV VALENCIA,FAC FIS,DEPT TERMODINAM,C DR MOLINER 50,E-46100 BURJASSOT,SPAIN. RI Coll, Cesar/I-7373-2015 OI Coll, Cesar/0000-0001-6665-3870 NR 20 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 48 IS 2 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(94)90135-X PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA NN409 UT WOS:A1994NN40900002 ER PT J AU LIN, DS WOOD, EF TROCH, PA MANCINI, M JACKSON, TJ AF LIN, DS WOOD, EF TROCH, PA MANCINI, M JACKSON, TJ TI COMPARISONS OF REMOTELY-SENSED AND MODEL-SIMULATED SOIL-MOISTURE OVER A HETEROGENEOUS WATERSHED SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE AB Soil moisture estimates from a distributed hydrologic model and two microwave airborne sensors (Push Broom Microwave Radiometer and Synthetic Aperture Radar) are compared with ground measurements on two different scales, using data collected during a field experiment over a 7.4-km2 heterogeneous watershed located in central Pennsylvania. It is found that both microwave sensors and the hydrologic model successfully reflect the temporal variation Of soil moisture. Watershed-averaged soil moistures estimated by the microwave sensors are in good agreement with ground measurements. The hydrologic model initialized by streamflow records yields estimates that are wetter than observations. The preliminary test of utilizing remotely sensed information as a feedback to correct the initial state of the hydrologic model shows promising results. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, HYDROL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. STATE UNIV GHENT, HYDROL & WATER MANAGEMENT LAB, B-9000 GHENT, BELGIUM. POLITECN MILAN, DIIAR, I-20133 MILAN, ITALY. RP PRINCETON UNIV, DEPT CIVIL ENGN & OPERAT RES, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. OI Wood, Eric/0000-0001-7037-9675 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 48 IS 2 BP 159 EP 171 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(94)90138-4 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA NN409 UT WOS:A1994NN40900005 ER PT J AU NEFF, WE SELKE, E AF NEFF, WE SELKE, E TI VOLATILE THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION COMPOUNDS FROM THE BIS-HYDROPEROXIDE AND TRIS-HYDROPEROXIDES OF AUTOXIDIZED TRILINOLEOYLGLYCEROL SO REVUE FRANCAISE DES CORPS GRAS LA English DT Article AB Volatile exidation products generated by thermal decomposition of trilinoleoylglycerol bis- and tris-hydroperoxides were determined during an investigation into the mechanisms of formation of odor and flavor compounds in deteriorated soybean oil. Bis- and tris-hydroperoxides generated two and three times more total volatiles respectively than the mono-hydroperoxide. The bis and tris-hydroperoxides generated the same volatiles but yielded less pentane and 2,4-decadienal and more hexanal as major volatiles than the mono-hydroperoxide. RP NEFF, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REVUE FRANCAISE DES CORPS GRAS PI NEUILLY PA 118 AVE ACHILLE PERETTI, 92200 NEUILLY, FRANCE SN 0035-3000 J9 REV FR CORPS GRAS PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 41 IS 5-6 BP 123 EP 125 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PD917 UT WOS:A1994PD91700003 ER PT J AU LOCKE, MA HARPER, SS GASTON, LA AF LOCKE, MA HARPER, SS GASTON, LA TI METRIBUZIN MOBILITY AND DEGRADATION IN UNDISTURBED SOIL COLUMNS SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MOVEMENT; SURFACE; TRANSPORT; ALACHLOR; HERBICIDES; SYSTEMS; CORES; FATE AB Metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] is a widely used soil-applied herbicide, and its dissipation was assessed using undisturbed soil columns to simulate field conditions. Metribuzin (technical grade and C-14-labeled dissolved in 0.1 M CaCl2) was applied to the soil (Dundee loam) surface at a concentration equivalent to 0.68 kg metribuzin ha-1. Water was added to the surface at 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, and 36 days after treatment. Chloride (Cl-) and C-14 were measured in the effluent. Twenty-four hours after each leaching, three cores were randomly selected, sectioned at 03. 3-, 3.3-6.6-, and 6.6- 10-cm depth increments, and analyzed. Metribuzin mineralization was monitored weekly by trapping (CO2)-C-14-C in 0.5 M NaOH. The pattern of Cl-appearance in the effluent indicated possible preferential flow. Metribuzin degradation in the 10-cm profile followed first-order kinetics, with parent metribuzin being the dominant extractable species until the last 14 days when a composite of unidentified polar metabolites was prevalent. Metribuzin was the primary single component measured in the effluent until 37 days after application. However, from 9 days after herbicide application through the remainder of the experiment, the fraction of total applied C-14 present as metabolites (summation of known metabolites diketometribuzin [DK], deaminated metribuzin [DA], and deaminated diketometribuzin [DADK] and unidentified polar metabolites) exceeded metribuzin in the effluent. As an average over time, the 3.36. 6-cm section contained the most methanol unextractable C-14. C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,NAT FERT & ENVIRON RES CTR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. RP LOCKE, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 157 IS 5 BP 279 EP 288 DI 10.1097/00010694-199405000-00002 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA NM404 UT WOS:A1994NM40400002 ER PT J AU MERRILL, SD UPCHURCH, DR BLACK, AL BAUER, A AF MERRILL, SD UPCHURCH, DR BLACK, AL BAUER, A TI THEORY OF MINIRHIZOTRON ROOT DIRECTIONALITY OBSERVATION AND APPLICATION TO WHEAT AND CORN SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MINI-RHIZOTRONS; GROWTH; MAIZE AB Root growth orientation, termed root directionality (RD), is a property of root systems conveying information on response to soil environment and about branching character in root development. Observation of the orientation and configuration of the fine, branched roots in soil is very important for understanding response to soil environment, but is currently difficult or effectively impossible. Root directionality may be determined with root observation tubes (minirhizotron, (MR) utilizing the statistical probability that, for a given soil depth increment, the ratio of root numbers impinging on the upper sides to numbers on the lower sides (the directionality ratio, DR) of MRs installed at an angle to the vertical is a function of the vector mean of RD. The theory of RD observation by MRs is presented with calculations indicating that DR increases with greater downward RD and with increased installation angle of MRs. Measurements of DRs were conducted in MRs installed in spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) crops established on a Typic Argiboroll soil. The majority of the measurements yielded DR values >1 in the upper 0.5 m of the root zone, indicating downward RD, shifting to lower DR values (many <1.0) at soil depths >0.5 m, indicating sideward to upward RD, or less downward RD. The greater probability of observing axile (seed- or stem-attached) roots in the upper root zone and lateral (branch) roots at greater soil depth is an explanation. The majority of RD values of wheat observations were considerably higher than for corn. The greater downward RD observed for wheat is believed to be linked to a greater degree of root branching in corn and possibly to more favorable water availability for corn. C1 USDA ARS,LUBBOCK,TX. RP MERRILL, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 3 BP 664 EP 671 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA NX647 UT WOS:A1994NX64700005 ER PT J AU MOHANTY, BP KANWAR, RS EVERTS, CJ AF MOHANTY, BP KANWAR, RS EVERTS, CJ TI COMPARISON OF SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT METHODS FOR A GLACIAL-TILL SOIL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FIELD METHODS; PERMEAMETERS; MACROPORES; ZONE AB Hydraulic conductivity is the single most important hydraulic parameter for flow and transport-related phenomena in soil, but the results from different measuring methods vary under different field conditions. To evaluate the performance of four in situ saturated hydraulic conductivity (K(s)) measuring methods, K(s) measurements were made at four depths (15, 30, 60, and 90 cm) and five locations on a glacial-till.soil of Nicollet (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Hapludoll)-Clarion (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludoll) association. The four in situ methods were: (i) Guelph permeameter, (ii) velocity permeameter, (iii) disk permeameter, and (iv) double-tube method. The K(s) was also determined in the laboratory on undisturbed soil cores collected from all the five sites and four depths. The Guelph permeameter method gave the lowest K(s) values, possibly because of small sample size, whereas the disk permeameter and double-tube methods gave maximum values for K(s) with minimum variability, possibly because of large sample size. Maximum variability in K(s) values for soil cores at shallow depths may have occurred because of the presence or absence of open-ended macropores. Estimates of K(s), however, are most comparable for the velocity permeameter and the laboratory method using a constant-head permeameter. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN,AMES,IA 50011. ES&E INC,PEORIA,IL 61602. RP MOHANTY, BP (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. RI Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009 NR 18 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 3 BP 672 EP 677 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA NX647 UT WOS:A1994NX64700006 ER PT J AU EWING, RP GUPTA, SC AF EWING, RP GUPTA, SC TI PORE-SCALE NETWORK MODELING OF COMPACTION AND FILTRATION DURING SURFACE SEALING SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AGGREGATE SIZE; SOIL; INFILTRATION; CRUST; IMPACT AB Surface sealing increases the probability of runoff and soil erosion, and occurs on a variety of soils worldwide. Filtration (''washing-in'') and compaction have been reported as mechanisms of surface sealing, but the relative importance of each has not been established. We developed a pore-scale network model to simulate these mechanisms, with the objective of determining their relative importance. Filtration was more effective than compaction in reducing soil hydraulic conductivity during seal formation, even though compaction reduced seal porosity more than filtration. Most of the particles available for filtration were deposited on the network surface rather than being washed into the network. This suggests that surface deposition may be more important than compaction or filtration in determining the seal hydraulic conductivity. The network model can predict seal hydraulic conductivity from pore- and particle-size distributions and the initial hydraulic conductivity, and is potentially a useful research tool in understanding pore-scale mechanisms in soil structure research. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA, DEPT SOIL SCI, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA. RP EWING, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL SOIL TILTH LAB, 2150 PAMMEL DR, AMES, IA 50011 USA. RI Ewing, Robert/J-8968-2013 NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 3 BP 712 EP 720 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA NX647 UT WOS:A1994NX64700011 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, JS SHARPLEY, AN AF ROBINSON, JS SHARPLEY, AN TI ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS EFFECTS ON SINK CHARACTERISTICS OF IRON-OXIDE-IMPREGNATED FILTER-PAPER SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PI SOIL TEST; BIOAVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF; EXTRACTION; NITROGEN; ALUMINUM; PH AB The effect of dissolved organic P (DOP) (p-nitrophenyl phosphate, sodium myo-inositol hexaphosphate. and beta-glycerophosphoric acid) on the ability of Fe-oxide-impregnated filter paper (Pi test) to act as a sink for dissolved inorganic P (DIP) was investigated. The efficiency of DIP recovery from strips equilibrated with DIP plus DOP was also studied. This information is needed to assess the accuracy of the Pi te.st to estimate bioavailable P (BAP) in soils and agricultural runoff containing high concentrations of DOP (up to 5 mg L-1). Iron-oxide strips removed on average 100% DIP and ''% DOP during a 16-h solution-strip equilibration at 25-degrees-C. Thus, none of the DOP compounds affected the P-sink characteristics of the Fe-oxide strip. Recoveries of DIP by 0.1 M H2SO4 and 0.5 M NaOH, from strips equilibrated with DIP plus p-nitrophenyl phosphate. averaged 95%; with DIP pius beta-glycerophosphoric acid, recoveries averaged 97%. However, amounts of DIP recovered by 0.1 M H2SO4 from strips equilibrated with DIP plus sodium inositol hexaphosphate were greater than those added. As 0.5 M NaOH did not hydrolyze sodium inositol hexaphosphate and DIP recovery averaged 95%, use of NaOH as strip extractant is recommended for soils and runoff samples containing high DOP concentrations. RP ROBINSON, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 3 BP 758 EP 761 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA NX647 UT WOS:A1994NX64700017 ER PT J AU HARTEL, PG FUHRMANN, JJ JOHNSON, WF LAWRENCE, EG LOPEZ, CS MULLEN, MD SKIPPER, HD STALEY, TE WOLF, DC WOLLUM, AG ZUBERER, DA AF HARTEL, PG FUHRMANN, JJ JOHNSON, WF LAWRENCE, EG LOPEZ, CS MULLEN, MD SKIPPER, HD STALEY, TE WOLF, DC WOLLUM, AG ZUBERER, DA TI SURVIVAL OF A LACZY-CONTAINING PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA STRAIN UNDER STRESSFUL ABIOTIC SOIL-CONDITIONS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; RHIZOSPHERE BACTERIA; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; FLUORESCENS; GROWTH; MICROORGANISMS; COLONIZATION; AVAILABILITY; CHROMOSOMES AB Little is known about the effect of soil factors on genetically altered bacteria. We altered Pseudomonas putida PH6 to contain the Escherichia coli genes for lactose utilization (lacZY). Except for lactose utilization, the genetically altered mutant, P. putida PH6(L1019), and the wild type strain were indistinguishable in the tests we employed. Both strains were tested for survival in eight different soils, and in one soil at temperatures of 15, 25, 35, and 40-degrees-C and soil water pressures of -0.03, -0.07, and -1.5 MPa. Few differences in survival of the two strains were observed in seven of the eight soils, but in the most acid soil (pH 5.0), numbers of PH6 were at least 100-fold higher than PH6(L1019) after 28 d. The percentage of lactose-positive (lac+) isolates averaged >95% in all eight soils unless PH6(L1019) numbers declined below 10(4) colony-forming units (CFU) g-1 of soil. Neither PH6 nor PH6(L1019) survived at 40-degrees-C after 3 d, and few differences in survival were observed between the two strains at 15 and 25-degrees-C. At 35-degrees-C, PH6 declined from almost equal to 10(8) to almost-equal-to 10(3) CFU g-1 of soil after 35 d, whereas PH6(L1019) declined from almost-equal-to 10(8) CFU g-1 of soil to below the limit of detection (<10 CFU g-1 of soil) after 14 d. Few differences in survival between PH6 and PH6(L1019) were observed at -0.03 and -0.07 MPa, but at -1.5 MPa, PH6 survival was greater than PH6(L1019) at all sampling times. These results are the first to suggest that a soil abiotic factor can exert differences in survival between a wild type and genetically altered bacterium. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT AGRON,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,CLEMSON,SC 29634. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,NEWARK,DE 19717. RP HARTEL, PG (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,3111 MILLER PLANT SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 3 BP 770 EP 776 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA NX647 UT WOS:A1994NX64700019 ER PT J AU LINDBO, DL RHOTON, FE BIGHAM, JM HUDNALL, WH JONES, FS SMECK, NE TYLER, DD AF LINDBO, DL RHOTON, FE BIGHAM, JM HUDNALL, WH JONES, FS SMECK, NE TYLER, DD TI BULK-DENSITY AND FRAGIPAN IDENTIFICATION IN LOESS SOILS OF THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NEW-ZEALAND; HORIZONS AB High bulk density (rho(b)) compared with overlying soil horizons has long been considered one of the principal characteristics of fragipans, yet recent investigations have noted inconsistent relationships between fragipans and rho(b). This study was conducted to evaluate the fragipan-rho(b) relationship in several major loessial soils of the lower Mississippi River Valley. Average rho(b) (field-moist, saran-coated clods) obtained from five Memphis-Loring-Grenada catenas extending from northwest Tennessee to southeast Louisiana show that rho(b) in the fragipans of the Loring (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Typic Fragiudalf) and Grenada (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Glossic Fragiudalf) pedons range from 1.45 to 1.78 Mg m-3 (xBAR = 1.56). A wider range of 1.38 to 1.86 Mg m-3 (xBAR = 1.55) occurred at similar depths in the Memphis (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Typic Hapludalf) pedons. Within most Loring and Grenada pedons, the rho(b) Of the fragipan horizon is not statistically unique (based on Duncan's new multiple-range test) and does not always represent the maximum for a given pedon. There is also a weak positive correlation (r2 = 0.44) between total sand content and rho(b), suggesting that higher rho(b) in these soils are more closely related to lithologic factors than to pedogenic densification. Specifically, pedons with a significant influence of Coastal Plain sediment have higher rho(b) than those developed entirely in loess, suggesting that the high rho(b) are partially inherited. These results indicate that Pb should not be used as a principal test for differentiating between fragipan and nonfragipan horizons in these soils. It appears that root and water restriction typically associated with fragipans in the lower Mississippi River Valley are related to physical or chemical characteristics of the fragipans other than rho(b). C1 OHIO STATE UNIV, DEPT AGRON, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, CTR AGR, DEPT AGRN, LOUISIANA AGR EXPTL STN, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA. UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI, JACKSON, TN 38301 USA. RP LINDBO, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB, POB 1157, OXFORD, MS 38655 USA. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 3 BP 884 EP 891 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA NX647 UT WOS:A1994NX64700036 ER PT J AU BENASHER, J CARDON, GE PETERS, D ROLSTON, DE BIGGAR, JW PHENE, CJ EPHRATH, JE AF BENASHER, J CARDON, GE PETERS, D ROLSTON, DE BIGGAR, JW PHENE, CJ EPHRATH, JE TI DETERMINING ROOT ACTIVITY DISTRIBUTION BY MEASURING SURFACE CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB Methods for determining root characteristics and distributions are time consuming and tedious. Indirect approaches could decrease the effort required to obain information on root distributions. The objectives of this study were to measure soil surface CO2 flux and to relate these measurements to root properties. Two chambers to measure CO2 fluxes at the soil surface were tested for use in root activity studies. One chamber was a 0.75-L cylinder and the other was a 7. 1-L cubic chamber. The bottom edges of both chambers were inserted 1 to 2 cm into the surface soil. The increase in CO2 concentration in the chambers was measured with infrared gas analyzers. The following were used to evaluate the applicability of the approach for root studies: (i) test of the relationship between CO2 surface fluxes and root characteristics (length, area, mass, and number) in the root zone of a mature almond (Prunus amigdalus Batsch. cv. Butte) orchard and a corn (Zea mays L.) field, and (ii) evaluation of temperature and solar radiation effects on CO2 soil surface flux. The results showed that surface CO2 fluxes were proportional to the logarithm of root characteristics, i.e., large changes in root characteristics were associated with small changes in flux. Soil temperature had a distinct effect on measured CO2 surface flux. There was a clear diurnal cycle for Soil surface CO2 fluX, which peaked near solar noon and maximum solar radiation. Acceptable correlations between the major root characteristics and surface CO2 flux suggest that this approach can provide vital information on root activity. C1 USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP BENASHER, J (reprint author), BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,JAOB BLAUSTEIN INST DESERT RES,IL-84990 SEDE BOQUEN,ISRAEL. RI EPHRATH, JHONATHAN/F-1768-2012; Cardon, Grant/O-4863-2014 NR 10 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 3 BP 926 EP 930 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA NX647 UT WOS:A1994NX64700040 ER PT J AU BENASHER, J CARDON, G PETERS, D ROLSTON, DE PHENE, CJ BIGGAR, JW HUTMACHER, RB AF BENASHER, J CARDON, G PETERS, D ROLSTON, DE PHENE, CJ BIGGAR, JW HUTMACHER, RB TI DETERMINING ALMOND ROOT-ZONE FROM SURFACE CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Size and distribution of roots in the soil is affected by irrigation method and water quantity and quality. The number of replications required to characterize it at a significant level is so large that it cannot be included in routine sampling. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of irrigation regimes on almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch. cv. Butte) root zones from measurements of surface CO2 flux. A dynamic chamber quantifying the spatial distribution Of CO2 fluxes at the soil surface was used to predict root distribution as affected by experimental treatment in an almond orchard. The treatments were two rates of water application by trickle irrigation and two salinity levels. Roots were sampled in a trench 3-m width by 2-m depth that exposed soil profiles. Soil-surface CO2 flux was described by a descending function of the distance from the trunk of the tree. This function was combined to another regression model estimating the depth of the root zone from CO2 flux measurements. The combined model was used to describe the shape and the size of the root zone. Results show that favorable treatments are characterized by a larger root volume. The depth of the roots may exceed 1.5 to 2.0 m and lateral expansion 2.5 to 4.0 m even when water is applied by drip irrigation. C1 USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT LAND AIR & WATER RESOURCES,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP BENASHER, J (reprint author), BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,JACOB BLAUSTEIN INST DESERT RES,IL-84990 SEDE BOQER,ISRAEL. RI Cardon, Grant/O-4863-2014 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 3 BP 930 EP 934 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA NX647 UT WOS:A1994NX64700041 ER PT J AU VANGENUCHTEN, MT PARKER, JC AF VANGENUCHTEN, MT PARKER, JC TI BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS FOR DISPLACEMENT EXPERIMENTS THROUGH SHORT LABORATORY SOIL COLUMNS - REPLY SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 ENVIRONM SYST & TECHNOL INC,BLACKSBURG,VA 24062. RP VANGENUCHTEN, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 3 BP 991 EP 993 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA NX647 UT WOS:A1994NX64700052 ER PT J AU SHARPLEY, AN SMITH, SJ AF SHARPLEY, AN SMITH, SJ TI WHEAT TILLAGE AND WATER-QUALITY IN THE SOUTHERN PLAINS SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE FERTILIZER; GROUNDWATER; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM ID PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; NUTRIENT LOSSES; SURFACE RUNOFF; BIOAVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF; SEDIMENT; SYSTEMS; SOIL; CORN; NITROGEN AB This study considers the impact of conventional-till (moldboard plow or sweeps) and no-till wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) management practices on surface and groundwater quality. Concentrations and amounts of sediment, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in surface runoff, and associated nutrient levels in ground water were determined for seven dryland watersheds at two locations for periods up to 14 years. In general, annual surface runoff was similar for both tillage practices, ranging from 6 to 15 cm. Compared with conventional till, no-till reduced sediment, N, and P loss an average of 95%,75%, and 70%, respectively. Concurrently, elevated levels of dissolved P (maximum 3.1 mg l-1) in surface runoff, and nitrate-N in ground water (maximum 26 mg l-1) were observed. About 25% more available soil water was in the no-till soil profiles, but this did not translate into increased grain yield. Instead, no-till grain yields were reduced an average 33% (600 kg ha-1) compared with conventional till, which is attributed to a lower availability of surface applied fertilizer, and increasing cheat (Bromus tectorum L.) and associated weed problems. From an overall agronomic and environmental standpoint, our results indicate that the management of no-till systems should include careful fertilizer placement and timing. RP SHARPLEY, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 38 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 1 BP 33 EP 48 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(94)90149-X PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA NQ162 UT WOS:A1994NQ16200004 ER PT J AU WARD, AD HATFIELD, JL LAMB, JA ALBERTS, EE LOGAN, TJ ANDERSON, JL AF WARD, AD HATFIELD, JL LAMB, JA ALBERTS, EE LOGAN, TJ ANDERSON, JL TI THE MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS EVALUATION AREAS PROGRAM - TILLAGE AND WATER-QUALITY RESEARCH SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE FERTILIZER; HERBICIDE; GLYCINE-MAX; WATER QUALITY; ZEA-MAYS; TILLAGE ID SOIL; MOVEMENT; CORN AB The Midwest Region of the United States produces 80% of the nation's com and soybeans and is a primary user of fertilizers and pesticides. The impact of com-soybean farming systems on water resources in the region is a concern, and as part of the President's Water Quality Initiative, the Management Systems Evaluation Areas (MSEA) Program was established in Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, and Ohio. The goal of the program is to develop research and education programs that will lead to voluntary adoption of alternative agricultural systems and technologies that will reduce adverse impacts on water resources. The focus is on com-soybean cropping systems using various combinations of tillage and chemical management. The regional MSEA Program uses common quality assurance and quality control methods for the analysis of water samples, identical automatic weather stations, and identical methods for collection, handling, and chemical analysis of soil cores. The program also obtains temporal water quality, soilwater content and plant data at common time intervals. Data will be collected over a sufficient number of years to account for seasonal and annual variations in climate. It will be used to test state and regional hypotheses and in the evaluation and enhancement of simulation models. Excellent progress has been made during the first 3 years as evidenced by extensive research and educational activities already completed. This paper presents an overview of the tillage and water quality research being conducted as part of the MSEA Program. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50010. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP WARD, AD (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 33 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 1 BP 49 EP 74 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(94)90150-3 PG 26 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA NQ162 UT WOS:A1994NQ16200005 ER PT J AU MARMER, WN CARDAMONE, JM ARIFOGLU, M BARNDT, HJ AF MARMER, WN CARDAMONE, JM ARIFOGLU, M BARNDT, HJ TI OPTIMIZING PROCESS CONDITIONS IN SEQUENTIAL OXIDATIVE REDUCTIVE BLEACHING OF WOOL SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE BLEACHING; FABRIC HAND; OXIDATIVE REDUCTIVE BLEACHING; SHINAYAKASA; WOOL ID SINGLE BATH; THIOUREA AB The properties of worsted challis fabric were examined after bleaching by conventional alkaline peroxide bleach and by variations of the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) two-step, single-bath sequential oxidative/reductive process. Whiteness and yellowness indices and mechanical properties of fabrics bleached by the conventional process with 22 g/L (20 mL/L) 30% hydrogen peroxide at 50C and 60C were compared with those of fabrics bleached by the ARS process with (a) 16 g/L peroxide; or (b) 8 g/L peroxide in Step 1 followed by the addition of thiourea (70% of the weight of peroxide) in Step 2; or (c) 22 g/L peroxide in Step 1 followed by modifying the baths to reach an effective peroxide level of either 16 g/L or 8 g/L before the addition of thiourea. ARS-bleached fabrics were whiter or equal to the peroxide-bleached fabrics bleached within the same time and temperature limits. ARS-bleached challis retained its original strength but when compared to the peroxide-bleached challis, lost 11% specific stress, with only slight changes in elastic moduli and % strain at peak stress. Evaluation of fabric hand by the Kawabata Evaluation System (KES-F) showed an increase in the hand expression Shinayakasa, indicating greater softness, flexibility and smooth feeling for the ARS-bleached fabrics. C1 PHILADELPHIA COLL TEXT & SCI,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19144. RP MARMER, WN (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 26 IS 5 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA NM912 UT WOS:A1994NM91200002 ER PT J AU BERTONIERE, NR KING, WD WELCH, CM AF BERTONIERE, NR KING, WD WELCH, CM TI EFFECT OF CATALYST ON THE PORE STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE OF COTTON CELLULOSE CROSS-LINKED WITH BUTANETETRACARBOXYLIC ACID SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DURABLE PRESS REAGENT; GEL PERMEATION; FORMALDEHYDE; FABRICS; GLYOXAL AB Pore structures of cotton crosslinked with butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and different catalysts were assessed. The catalysts included NaH2PO2 . H2O, NaH2PO3.2.5H2O, Na2HPO3.5H2O, NaH2PO4.H2O, Na2HPO4, Na4P2O7, and Na2CO3. Treatments were applied to all-cotton printcloth using a pad-dry-cure process. Textile performance properties were determined for the treated fabrics. Pore size distribution was assessed on Wiley milled fabric using a reverse gel permeation chromatographic technique. The water soluble molecular probes employed were sugars and ethylene glycols. Plots were prepared of V(i), the accessible internal water, versus the molecular diameters of the probes. In addition, internal structure differences were elucidated by moisture regain, considered to be a measure of the internal surface of the cotton fiber in the conditioned state, and water of imbibition, a measure of internal volume in the water-swollen state. There were definite patterns in textile performance with the different catalysts. The total volume in residual small pores was inversely related to the resilience level achieved, and retained breaking strength was directly related to the volume in residual small pores. Patterns with respect to abrasion resistance were more complex. Because BTCA add-ons were comparable, the data suggest that the more effective catalysts, NaH2PO2 and NaH2PO3, are effecting either a greater number of crosslinks in the cotton or producing crosslinks that differ in actual structure. RP BERTONIERE, NR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 64 IS 5 BP 247 EP 255 DI 10.1177/004051759406400501 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA NN331 UT WOS:A1994NN33100001 ER PT J AU ROPER, BB SCARNECCHIA, DL LAMARR, TJ AF ROPER, BB SCARNECCHIA, DL LAMARR, TJ TI SUMMER DISTRIBUTION OF AND HABITAT USE BY CHINOOK SALMON AND STEELHEAD WITHIN A MAJOR BASIN OF THE SOUTH UMPQUA RIVER, OREGON SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COHO SALMON; STREAM; SELECTION; TROUT; ECOLOGY; SCALE AB Snorkeling and established stream habitat assessment methods were used to determine basinwide summer habitat use by juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and juvenile steelhead O. mykiss in 1989 in eight reaches along 39 km of Jackson Creek, a fifth-order tributary to the South Umpqua River, Oregon. Juvenile steelhead (ages 0-3) were widely distributed throughout the entire stream but age-1 and older fish were found in higher densities in the middle reaches whereas age-0 fish were found in higher densities in the upper reaches. Juvenile chinook salmon were found in the highest densities in the middle reaches. Juvenile steelhead used mostly riffles in the downstream reaches but mostly pools in the upstream reaches. Age-0 chinook salmon were strongly associated with pools in all reaches. Several factors are suggested that may have influenced distribution and abundance of both species; these include high stream temperatures in the lower reaches, habitat preferences of each species, and the interaction and resultant habitat segregation between the two species. Densities of steelhead varied by nearly 5-fold over the reaches studied and densities of chinook salmon varied by more than 10-fold. Thus, habitat studies on streams with variable habitat and patchy fish distributions should be conducted over a larger area of the basin than has typically been the case in previous studies. C1 US FOREST SERV,UMPQUA NATL FOREST,GLIDE,OR 97408. RP ROPER, BB (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,DEPT FISH & WILDLIFE RESOURCES,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. RI Roper, Brett/F-2891-2010 NR 37 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 123 IS 3 BP 298 EP 308 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1994)123<0298:SDOAHU>2.3.CO;2 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA NT404 UT WOS:A1994NT40400003 ER PT J AU WOMAC, AR MULROONEY, JE YOUNG, BW ALEXANDER, PR AF WOMAC, AR MULROONEY, JE YOUNG, BW ALEXANDER, PR TI AIR DEFLECTOR EFFECTS ON AERIAL SPRAYS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE AIR-FLOW PATTERNS; AIRBORNE PARTICLES; APPLICATION UNIFORMITY; DROPLET SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SPRAY DEPOSITION; SPRAY DRIFT ID DRIFT AB Air deflectors (Chimavir Air Services, Ltd., Israel) were installed on an agricultural aircraft and tests were run to investigate: (1) the alteration in downwind residue results (drift) due to release height, (2) the influence on droplet sizes conducted with a laser drop size analyzer in a wind tunnel, and (3) the changes in airflow near the spray boom as observed from wind tunnel tests. A turbine-powered monoplane with air defectors was evaluated for spray drift losses and deposit characteristics in a cotton field. Air-burden residue from application heights of 3.0, 4.6, and 6.1 m were investigated using high-volume air samplers along a 610-m sampler line oriented at 23.6-degrees from a 700-m flightline. Spray deposit was measured (concurrent with the downwind airborne drift sampling) from collection of residue on Mylar plastic sheets spaced at 61-m intervals from the first air sampler to beyond the flightline. Gas chromatographic analysis was used to measure the concentration of cinnamyl alcohol tracer. Results from air samplers indicated that the 3.0-m release height had significantly (P = 0.05) less airborne drift (2.19 ppm) than the 4.6 m height (9.52 ppm) and 6.1 m height (11.37 ppm). No differences (P = 0.05) in fallout deposit levels were detected, although the 4.6 m height tended to have a higher level of deposit (6.06 ppm) than the 3.0 m height (4.29 ppm) and the 6.1 m height (4.62 ppm). Spray droplet sizes produced in a wind tunnel with and without a deflector were examined for a custom-sized RF 25-degrees fan nozzle (3.06 L/min at 276 kPa, Delavan-Delta, Inc., Lexington, Tenn.) and a D6-46 disk and core nozzle (Spraying Systems Co., Wheaton, Ill.). Both nozzles were oriented 45-degrees down and back with airstream velocities of 60 and 75 m/s. Water-soluble formulations were examined and included (1) cinnamyl alcohol, (2) bifenthrin, and (3) water. Overall mean droplet sizes (Malvern) with the deflector were 235 mum, whereas without the deflector they were 182 mum. The downwash of air around the deflector was quantified in terms of mean, steady-state air velocity and direction. Measurement points were selected on a two-dimensional grid that ran longitudinally with the axis of the wind tunnel. Air was deflected to an angle of 50-degrees from horizontal. A 54 mls airflow was decelerated to 40 mls behind the deflector. C1 USDA ARS,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. SPRAYSEARCH FOOD RES INST,WERRIBEE,VIC,AUSTRALIA. RP WOMAC, AR (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT AGR ENGN,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 37 IS 3 BP 725 EP 733 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PA137 UT WOS:A1994PA13700003 ER PT J AU MUCK, RE PITT, RE AF MUCK, RE PITT, RE TI AEROBIC DETERIORATION IN CORN-SILAGE RELATIVE TO THE SILO FACE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE AEROBIC MICROORGANISMS; SILAGE; HEATING; OXYGEN MOVEMENT; MODEL ID FUNGAL GROWTH; MODEL; OXYGEN; STABILITY; DIFFUSION AB Movement of oxygen and subsequent microbial development and heating in corn silage were measured over four days at 5, 20, 35, and 50 cm from the exposed face in laboratory-scale (60 x 15.5 cm diameter) PVC silos. In all six trials, most microbial activity occurred at the 5-cm level. Acetic acid bacteria initiated heating in all trials although yeasts were significant in two trials. Bacilli were not important until silage pH was above 5 and were associated with a secondary temperature rise in four trials. Oxygen entering the silage at the open face was utilized principally near the face, and temperatures above 40-degrees-C were observed only at the 5-cm level. Heating at 20 cm occurred in all trials, but appeared to result from heat transfer from the active zone rather than from microbial activity at that depth. A diffusion-based, one-dimensional model of aerobic deterioration in silage reasonably predicted oxygen, temperature, and microbial numbers although the predicted progression of deterioration relative to the exposed face was consistently too fast. Model predictions were improved by reducing the calculated porosity for diffusion by 30%. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP MUCK, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI, USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 37 IS 3 BP 735 EP 743 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PA137 UT WOS:A1994PA13700004 ER PT J AU KIRK, IW BOUSE, LF CARLTON, JB FRANZ, E LATHEEF, MA WRIGHT, JE WOLFENBARGER, DA AF KIRK, IW BOUSE, LF CARLTON, JB FRANZ, E LATHEEF, MA WRIGHT, JE WOLFENBARGER, DA TI WITHIN-CANOPY SPRAY DISTRIBUTION FROM FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE AERIAL SPRAYS; AIRCRAFT; CANOPIES; COTTON; DROPLETS; SPRAY; INSECTICIDES; BIOCONTROL; WHITEFLY; BEMISIA-TABACI; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA ID COTTON; SIZE AB We have evaluated two approaches to improve spray deposition within crop canopies from insecticide applications with fixed-wing aircraft. Both approaches involve increasing air velocity and turbulence in the crop canopy as a result of increased wake intensity and are expected to result in increased spray deposits within the canopy. One approach was to increase wake intensity with slower airspeed than normally used. The second approach was to increase wake intensity with a modified boom equipped with Chimavir winglets. Spray deposits were measured from an agricultural aircraft with a conventional boom operated under normal conditions, Spray deposits were also measured from the same aircraft with boom and operational conditions modified to increase wake intensity. Results of deposit measurements from leaf washes and water-sensitive paper, both on the top and bottom of leaves, at the top and midway down in the crop canopy, show that a high percentage of spray is deposited on the top of leaves. The treatments with higher wake intensity increased deposits on the bottom of leaves up to 80% under certain conditions. However, the amounts were relatively low and the influence of these increases on control of whitefly in cotton and cantaloupe was not established because of low insect infestations. C1 USDA ARS,CROPS INSECTS RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP KIRK, IW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,AERIAL APPLICAT RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 37 IS 3 BP 745 EP 752 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PA137 UT WOS:A1994PA13700005 ER PT J AU BURT, EC REEVES, DW RAPER, RL AF BURT, EC REEVES, DW RAPER, RL TI ENERGY-UTILIZATION AS AFFECTED BY TRAFFIC IN A CONVENTIONAL AND CONSERVATION TILLAGE SYSTEM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE TILLAGE; ENERGY; TRAFFIC; SOIL COMPACTION; COTTON AB The increased emphasis on conservation tillage, as a result of the compliance guidelines in the 198.5 and 1990 Farm Bills, causes mechanical energy utilization to play an important role in the choice of systems for managing soil compaction. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the effects of traffic and tillage systems on the energy required to establish a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop. Traffic treatments included no-traffic and a conventional traffic system. Tillage treatments included disking and field cultivation, both with and without subsoiling, and a conservation tillage treatment (strip-tillage) which involved only subsoiling and planting into wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue/stubble over the subsoiled slot. Results showed that traffic had no effect on the energy required for crop establishment. Results also showed that tillage treatment had an important effect on the mechanical energy required for crop establishment. The strip-tillage system required less energy than all other treatments. RP BURT, EC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL, USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 37 IS 3 BP 759 EP 762 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PA137 UT WOS:A1994PA13700007 ER PT J AU RAPER, RL REEVES, DW BURT, EC TORBERT, HA AF RAPER, RL REEVES, DW BURT, EC TORBERT, HA TI CONSERVATION TILLAGE AND TRAFFIC EFFECTS ON SOIL CONDITION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE PENETROMETER; STRIP-TILL; BULK DENSITY; CONTROLLED TRAFFIC; COTTON ID COTTON; SYSTEM AB The soil condition resulting from a five-year cotton-wheat double cropping experiment in a sandy loam Coastal Plain soil was investigated using intensive measurements of cone index and dry bulk density. Four tillage treatments including a strip-till (no surface tillage with in-row subsoiling) conservation tillage practice were analyzed. The traffic was controlled in the experimental plots with the USDA-ARS Wide-Frame Tractive Vehicle. Besides the environmental benefits of maintaining the surface residue, the strip-till treatment decreased cone index directly beneath the row, decreased surface bulk density, increased surface moisture content, decreased energy usage, and increased yields. Controlled traffic was beneficial only when in-row subsoiling was not used as an annual tillage treatment. Although differences in soil condition were seen beneath the row middles where traffic occurred, this did not affect the soil condition directly beneath the row. C1 USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76503. RP RAPER, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL, USA. NR 16 TC 44 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 37 IS 3 BP 763 EP 768 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PA137 UT WOS:A1994PA13700008 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, DR DANIEL, TC MOORE, PA SHARPLEY, AN AF EDWARDS, DR DANIEL, TC MOORE, PA SHARPLEY, AN TI SOLIDS TRANSPORT AND ERODIBILITY OF POULTRY LITTER SURFACE-APPLIED TO FESCUE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE EROSION; PASTURE; POULTRY; MANURE ID RUNOFF WATER; QUALITY; EROSION; MANURE; PLOTS AB Poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus) litter is land-applied to make beneficial use of litter nutrients for plant growth. Runoff can transport litter particles off application sites and thus diminish the quality of downstream waters. This study assessed how solids (sediment and litter particles) yield and erodibility for fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) pasture are influenced by poultry litter application. The experimental variables were poultry litter application rate (0, 5.9, 11.8, and 23.5 Mg/ha), simulated rainfall intensity (50 and 100 mm/h), interval between litter application and simulated rainfall (1, 4, 7, and 14 days), and number of simulated rainfall events (four events-one each at 7, 14, 36, and 68 days following litter application). Solids yields were determined from composite runoff samples. Erodibility values were computed from the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation. Solids yield increased with increasing rainfall intensity and litter application rate. Erodibility increased linearly (r2 = 0.98) with litter application rate, but was unaffected by rainfall intensity. Neither solids yield nor erodibility was influenced by interval between litter application and first post-application rainfall. The number of rainfall events affected both solids yield and erodibility of litter-treated plots, but both approached levels observed for untreated plots by the third rainfall. The results indicate that models estimating erosion from fescue pasture treated with poultry litter should incorporate increased erodibility values to account for the presence of the litter. The adjustment, however, should be decreased with successive post-application rainfall events. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS, USDA ARS, PPPSU, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA. UNIV ARKANSAS, DEPT AGRON, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB, DURANT, OK USA. RP EDWARDS, DR (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS, DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 37 IS 3 BP 771 EP 776 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PA137 UT WOS:A1994PA13700009 ER PT J AU ROGERS, JS AF ROGERS, JS TI CAPACITANCE AND INITIAL TIME-STEP EFFECTS ON NUMERICAL-SOLUTIONS OF RICHARDS EQUATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE DRAINAGE; FINITE ELEMENTS; MASS BALANCE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; DRAINS; SOILS; FLOW AB The numerical solution of the Richards equation is sensitive to the value of the specific soil moisture capacity or capacitance, C, that is used when the soil is at or near saturation. Near saturation C is zero, but a numerical solution cannot be obtained for C = 0. Therefore some small nonzero value for C must be used. The initial allowable value of C was not dependent upon saturated hydraulic conductivity, but decreased as a (proportional to the inverse of the air entry value of pressure head) decreased As the value of C is decreased the initial time step for the numerical solution must be decreased to obtain convergence. In most cases the initial time step should be of the same order of magnitude as C. Larger values of C require less computer time but give inaccurate results. Attempting to use too large a time step may actually increase the required computer time because of the extra iterative solutions required to obtain convergence. RP ROGERS, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BATON ROUGE,LA 70808, USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 37 IS 3 BP 807 EP 813 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PA137 UT WOS:A1994PA13700014 ER PT J AU WAGNER, LE DING, D AF WAGNER, LE DING, D TI REPRESENTING AGGREGATE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AS MODIFIED LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE AGGREGATE SIZE DISTRIBUTION; LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTION; CURVE-FITTING; FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION ID SOIL AB Historically, the two-parameter lognormal distribution has been the method of choice when describing soil aggregate size distributions and generally provides a good description. However, the assumptions regarding the upper and lower extremes of the two-parameter lognormal ogive can limit its applicability to many tillage-induced aggregate size distributions. Two 3-parameter and one 4-parameter lognormal ogives are presented that can more accurately describe a wider range of field-sampled aggregate size distributions. Two computational techniques for determining values for the coefficients of these modified lognormal functions are discussed. One is a direct computation method, useful for applications where computation speed is a factor. The second method uses a nonlinear optimization technique, which will find the ''best fit'' parameter values more precisely, but requires more computational overhead. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGR ECON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP WAGNER, LE (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,WIND EROS RES UNIT,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 37 IS 3 BP 815 EP 821 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PA137 UT WOS:A1994PA13700015 ER PT J AU CAMP, CR THOMAS, WM DOTY, CW AF CAMP, CR THOMAS, WM DOTY, CW TI DRAINAGE AND IRRIGATION EFFECTS ON COTTON PRODUCTION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CONTROLLED DRAINAGE; SUBIRRIGATION; MICROIRRIGATION; TRICKLE IRRIGATION; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; COTTON; WATER TABLE CONTROL ID WATER AB Excessively wet and dry soil conditions can occur during the same year in the southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States. Water management systems that provide both subsurface drainage during wet soil conditions and irrigation during dry soil conditions are desired. Several water table management alternatives, possibly with surface irrigation such as microirrigation, could satisfy these needs. Three water table management (WTM) systems and microirrigation were evaluated for three cotton cultivars on a southeastern Coastal Plain soil during 1987-1989. The WTM systems included controlled drainage-subirrigation (CDSI), controlled drainage (CD), and subsurface drainage (SSD). All WTM systems had both surface microirrigation and rainfed treatments. Cotton cultivars were Coker 315, DPL 50, and DPL 90. Seasonal rainfall, subirrigation, and microirrigation amounts varied considerably during the three-year period. Water requirements for subirrigation in the CDSI system were high (1477 to 2841 mm), but neither microirrigation nor subirrigation water requirements were closely related to seasonal rainfall amounts. Cotton lint yields among WTM systems were significantly different in two of three years; yields for the CDSI system were lowest (836 and 766 kg/ha) and yields for CD and SSD were highest (1022 and 942 kg/ha, respectively). Wetter-than-optimum soil conditions in all irrigated treatments, especially in combination with the CDSI system, probably caused the reduced yield. Microirrigation produced significantly greater lint yields than the rainfed treatments in the first two years of the study (1127 and 1116 kg/ha versus 492 and 801 kg/ha), but not in the last year (872 versus 874 kg/ha) when seasonal rainfall was kast of the three years but was better distributed. There were significant yield differences among cotton cultivars in two years, but no cultivar consistently produced the greatest or least yield. Cotton yield increases obtained with these WTM system-microirrigation combinations suggest the need to control the water table closer to the soil surface in southeastern Coastal Plain soils when surface irrigation is not used. The CDSI could provide a profitable management alternative if a water table fluctuates near the soil surface much of the time, especially during the growing season. Where subsurface drainage is needed part of the year, it may be more profitable to use CD or SSD systems with surface irrigation, especially when maintaining the water table near the soil surface in CDSI systems requires a large water volume. However, the combined cost of the subsurface drainage and microirrigation systems would be very high and might not be profitable for crops such as cotton. C1 ST MARYS CORWIN HOSP,PUEBLO,CO. RP CAMP, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,FLORENCE,SC, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 37 IS 3 BP 823 EP 830 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PA137 UT WOS:A1994PA13700016 ER PT J AU SCHNEIDER, AD STEINER, JL HOWELL, TA AF SCHNEIDER, AD STEINER, JL HOWELL, TA TI PULLDOWN FORCES FOR COLLECTING LARGE SOIL MONOLITHS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE MONOLITH; SOIL; FORCE; WALL FRICTION; SOIL TANK ID ROOT AB The force for pulling down large, steel monolith tanks was measured for a fine sandy loam, a silt loam, and clay loam soil with varying soil water contents in two of the soils. Pressure gages on hydraulic jacking equipment were used to measure force as a function of depth throughout the 2.4-m installation depth of the soil monolith tanks. Monolith tank areas were 0.75 x 1.00 m or 3.00 x 3.00 m, and the tank wall thickness was 9.5 mm. Except for the effects of natural hard pans or plow pans, pulldown force was linearly related to depth. When pulldown force was converted to wall friction, the average wall friction after wetting for each of the three soils was about 20 kPa. For most agricultural soils without rocks or cemented layers, the monolith tank wall friction from prewetted soil should also be less than 20 kPa. Wall friction variability decreased with depth so that a safety factor of 1.25 would be satisfactory in designing monolith collection equipment. RP SCHNEIDER, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 37 IS 3 BP 831 EP 835 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PA137 UT WOS:A1994PA13700017 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, DR DANIEL, TC MOORE, PA VENDRELL, PF AF EDWARDS, DR DANIEL, TC MOORE, PA VENDRELL, PF TI DRYING INTERVAL EFFECTS ON QUALITY OF RUNOFF FROM FESCUE PLOTS TREATED WITH POULTRY LITTER SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE RUNOFF; NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION; POULTRY; MANURE ID RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES; NONPOINT SOURCE MODEL; ORGANIC NITROGEN; MANURE; TRANSFORMATIONS; MINERALIZATION; CARBON; SOIL AB Land application of poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus) litter can lead to elevated runoff concentrations of organic matter and nutrients. This experiment was conducted to determine the impacts of poultry litter treatment (0 and 218 kg of N ha-1) and drying interval (4, 7, and 14 days) between litter application and simulated rainfall on quality of runoff from fescue grass (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plots. Runoff was generated from simulated rainfall (50 mm h-1) and sampled at 0.08-h intervals during runoff. Composite runoff samples from each treatment and replication were analyzed for nitrate N (NO3-N), ammonia N (NH3-N), total Kjeldahl N (TKN), ortho-P (PO4-P), total P (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS). One set per treatment of the noncomposited runoff samples was also analyzed Runoff concentrations of all parameters except NO3-N were significantly (p < 0.05) higher for the litter-treated plots than for the control plots. Drying interval did not significantly (p < 0.05) affect either concentration or total mass of any constituent lost in the runoff. Concentrations of NH3-N, TKN, PO4-P, and TP decreased uniformly with increasing runoff rate and thus with time after beginning of runoff. Temporal variation in runoff concentrations of NO3-N, COD, and TSS followed no identifiable general pattern. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT AGRON,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. UNIV ARKANSAS,USDA ARS,PPPSU,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. UNIV ARKANSAS,ARKANSAS WATER RESOURCES CTR WATER QUAL LAB,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP EDWARDS, DR (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 37 IS 3 BP 837 EP 843 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PA137 UT WOS:A1994PA13700018 ER PT J AU CHAUBEY, I EDWARDS, DR DANIEL, TC MOORE, PA NICHOLS, DJ AF CHAUBEY, I EDWARDS, DR DANIEL, TC MOORE, PA NICHOLS, DJ TI EFFECTIVENESS OF VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS IN RETAINING SURFACE-APPLIED SWINE MANURE CONSTITUENTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE VEGETATIVE FILTERS; RUNOFF; SWINE MANURE; WATER QUALITY ID RUNOFF; TRANSPORT; FEEDLOT; WATER AB Simulated rainfall was used to evaluate the effectiveness of vegetative filter strips (VFS) of varying lengths (0, 3, 6, 9, 15, and 21 m) in reducing sediment and nutrient losses from plots treated with liquid swine manure at 200 kg N/ha. Mass transport of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ortho-phosphorus (PO4-P), total phosphorus (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS) was reduced significantly (p < 0.05) by fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) VFS. The 3 and 21 m VFS removed 65 and 87% of incoming TKN, 71 and 99% of incoming NH3-N, 65 and 94% of incoming PO4-P, and 67 and 92% of the incoming TP, respectively. Effectiveness of VFS, however, did not increase significantly beyond 3 m for TSS and chemical oxygen demand and averaged 61 and 50%, respectively. Mass transport of TKN, NH3-N, PO4-P, and TP was minimized at the 9 m VFS length. The VFS did not significantly reduce nitrate nitrogen and fecal coliform from the incoming runoff. First-order kinetics described the removal of manure constituents. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT AGRON,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. UNIV ARKANSAS,USDA ARS,PPPSU,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP CHAUBEY, I (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 27 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 37 IS 3 BP 845 EP 856 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PA137 UT WOS:A1994PA13700019 ER PT J AU THROOP, JA ANESHANSLEY, DJ UPCHURCH, BL AF THROOP, JA ANESHANSLEY, DJ UPCHURCH, BL TI CAMERA SYSTEM EFFECTS ON DETECTING WATERCORE IN RED-DELICIOUS APPLES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE WATERCORE; IMAGE PROCESSING; APPLE QUALITY; INTENSITY AB Watercore damage was quantified in 'Red Delicious' apples by measuring light transmitted through the apple along the stem/calyx axis. Two black and white video cameras with different intensity sensitivities were used to capture images of the stem-end of each fruit. Two patterns, rings and squares, were analyzed in each image. For one camera, rings and squares of different sizes were analyzed Apples were scored into five classes of watercore damage. Neither the pattern nor the pattern size provided any distinct advantage in separating classes of watercore damage. The higher sensitivity camera separated watercore damage with more than 99.9% accuracy. The lower sensitivity camera separated class 5 damage (maximum damage and transmitted light) from all other classes with 95% accuracy. These results indicate that all five classes could be separated by using cameras of different sensitivity and dynamic range, shifting the intensity sensitivity of a single camera for each class, or using a camera with a sufficient dynamic range. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV. RP THROOP, JA (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 37 IS 3 BP 873 EP 877 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PA137 UT WOS:A1994PA13700023 ER PT J AU NELSON, SO LAWRENCE, KC AF NELSON, SO LAWRENCE, KC TI RF IMPEDANCE SENSING OF MOISTURE-CONTENT IN INDIVIDUAL DATES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article AB Measurements of the impedance at 1 and 5 MHz of a parallel-plate electrode assembly with individual dates between the electrodes predicted date flesh moisture content with a standard error of about 1% moisture content (m.c.) over the range from 13 to 22%. The predictions on California Deglet Noor dates from the 1990 crop were based on a calibration equation developed previously on dates from the 1988 and 1989 crops. Combining data on dates of 12% m.c. or higher from all three crop years provided a new calibration, which permits computation of m.c. from measurements of capacitance only at the two frequencies. The instantaneous, nondestructive m.c. sensing technique is recommended for further development for on-line sorting to reduce the skilled-labor requirements in the sorting and grading of fresh dates. RP NELSON, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 37 IS 3 BP 887 EP 891 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PA137 UT WOS:A1994PA13700025 ER PT J AU LILJEDAHL, LA ABBOTT, JA AF LILJEDAHL, LA ABBOTT, JA TI CHANGES IN SONIC RESONANCE OF DELICIOUS AND GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLES UNDERGOING ACCELERATED RIPENING SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE ACOUSTIC; APPLES; MALUS-DOMESTICA; FOOD QUALITY; INSPECTION; POSTHARVEST; QUALITY CONTROL; SENSORS; SONIC VIBRATION ID FIRMNESS AB Apple growers need to measure the firmness of their fruit when it is harvested and during and after storage to make management decisions. Freshly harvested 'Delicious' and 'Golden Delicious' apples from Pennsylvania were stored for 55 days at almost-equal-to 22-degrees-C to accelerate ripening. The sonic transmission spectrum of each apple was measured periodically as it ripened and resonant frequencies were determined by examination of each transmission spectrum. The resonant frequencies for each apple were found to decrease monotonically with time in a pattern similar to the decrease in Magness-Taylor firmness, but more consistently and with less scatter There was a small difference in the functional relationship between frequency and duration of ripening for the two cultivars of apple tested, an additional difference was shown in the case of 'Delicious' which had been heavily waxed. The effect of surface restraint by the skin on the resonant frequency was found to be negligible. The advantages of the sonic measurement are that it is nondestructive, it is representative of the entire fruit, and it has the potential to be adapted for on-line sorting. RP LILJEDAHL, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 37 IS 3 BP 907 EP 912 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PA137 UT WOS:A1994PA13700028 ER PT J AU MCDONALD, TP NIENABER, JA AF MCDONALD, TP NIENABER, JA TI MODELING FEED-INTAKE IN GROUP-PENNED GROWING-FINISHING SWINE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SIMULATION; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; MARKOV CHAIN ID BEHAVIOR; PIGS AB A model of feed intake in group-penned swine was evaluated for six groups of four pigs each housed in three constant environmental conditions-one thermoneutral and two under different degrees of heat stress designed to reduce voluntary feed intake by 13% and 26%. The model used a five state Markov chain to simulate meal initiation and duration among a pen of animals. Feed intake rate was assumed to be a realization of a normally distributed random variable. The product of meal length and rate was used to simulate feed intake. Results of simulations were compared to measured results for the pigs during daylight hours over a three-week period when the animals were approximately 40 kg live weight. Simulated meal duration was found to correspond reasonably to measured data, but tended to overpredict the occurrence of shorter meals. Intake rate was found to be non-Gaussian, but did not influence the simulation results to any great extent and this model was concluded to be satisfactory. Simulation results for meal size were similar to those found in meal duration. Overall, the models provided an efficient means to simulate feed intake in group-penned swine. C1 USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,BIOL ENGN UNIT,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP MCDONALD, TP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ANDREWS FORESTRY SCI LAB,AUBURN,AL, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 37 IS 3 BP 921 EP 927 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PA137 UT WOS:A1994PA13700030 ER PT J AU PARK, B WHITTAKER, AD AF PARK, B WHITTAKER, AD TI ULTRASONIC PROBE DESIGN FOR BEEF CARCASS SCAN SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE ULTRASOUND; PROBE; DESIGN; TRANSDUCER; BEEF; MARBLING; INTRAMUSCULAR FAT AB Ultrasonic parameters for designing a prototype ultrasonic probe were investigated including optimum frequency, probe diameter, near-field length, and beam divergence angle. Optimum parameter values were proposed based on the morphological structure of beef carcasses. Piezoelectric material of the prototype probe element was selected considering impedance matching. An interactive program for designing ultrasonic prototype probe was developed. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP PARK, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ISL,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 37 IS 3 BP 965 EP 971 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA PA137 UT WOS:A1994PA13700036 ER PT J AU ELLIOTT, KJ VOSE, JM AF ELLIOTT, KJ VOSE, JM TI PHOTOSYNTHESIS, WATER RELATIONS, AND GROWTH OF PLANTED PINUS-STROBUS L ON BURNED SITES IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LEAF CONDUCTANCE; MICROENVIRONMENT; SEEDLING GROWTH AB We measured net photosynthesis, leaf conductance, xylem water potential, and growth of Pinus strobus L. seedlings two years after planting on two clear-cut and burned sites in the southern Appalachians. Multiple regression analysis was used to relate seedling net photosynthesis to vapor pressure deficit, seedling crown temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), needle N, xylem water potential, arid soil water, and to relate seedling size and growth to physiological measurements (average net photosynthesis, leaf conductance, and cumulative xylem water potential), sod water, needle N, seedling temperature, and PAR. Seedling net photosynthesis was significantly related to vapor pressure deficit, midday water potential, crown temperature, and PAR (r2 = 0.70) early in the growing season (May 1992) with vapor pressure deficit alone explaining 42% of the variation. As neighboring vegetation developed, light became more limiting and significantly reduced seedling net photosynthesis later in the growing season (July, August, and September). Final seedling diameter was significantly related to competitor biomass, average photosynthetic rate, and needle N (r2 = 0.68). RP ELLIOTT, KJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,OTTO,NC 28763, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 14 IS 5 BP 439 EP 454 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA NK846 UT WOS:A1994NK84600001 ER PT J AU TYREE, MT KOLB, KJ ROOD, SB PATINO, S AF TYREE, MT KOLB, KJ ROOD, SB PATINO, S TI VULNERABILITY TO DROUGHT-INDUCED CAVITATION OF RIPARIAN COTTONWOODS IN ALBERTA - A POSSIBLE FACTOR IN THE DECLINE OF THE ECOSYSTEM SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE POPULUS; RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS; WATER STRESS AB Vulnerability of xylem to loss of hydraulic conductivity caused by drought-induced cavitation was determined for three riparian cottonwood species in Lethbridge, Alberta: Populus deltoides Bartr., P. balsamifera L., and P. angustifolia James. These species suffered 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity in one-year-old stem segments when xylem pressure potential fell to -0.7 MPa for P. deltoides and -1.7 MPa for P. balsamifera and P. angustifolia, making them the three most vulnerable tree species reported so far in North America. The possible contribution of drought-induced xylem dysfunction to the decline of riparian ecosystems in dammed rivers is discussed. RP TYREE, MT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,AIKEN FORESTRY SCI LAB,705 SPEAR ST,POB 968,BURLINGTON,VT 05402, USA. OI Rood, Stewart/0000-0003-1340-1172 NR 0 TC 122 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 18 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 14 IS 5 BP 455 EP 466 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA NK846 UT WOS:A1994NK84600002 ER PT J AU KONISHI, E PINCUS, S PAOLETTI, E SHOPE, RE MASON, PW AF KONISHI, E PINCUS, S PAOLETTI, E SHOPE, RE MASON, PW TI AVIPOX VIRUS-VECTORED JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS VACCINES - USE AS VACCINE CANDIDATES IN COMBINATION WITH PURIFIED SUBUNIT IMMUNOGENS SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE RECOMBINANT; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS; AVIPOX; IMMUNOGENICITY ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; E-GLYCOPROTEIN; FUSION F; MICE; IMMUNIZATION; EXPRESSION; INFECTION; PROTEINS AB An avipox virus, canarypox (ALVAC), which is naturally host-range restricted, was used to construct recombinants encoding the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) prM, E and NS1 genes (vCP107) and prM and E genes (vCP140). Mice immunized with these recombinant viruses produced JEV neutralizing antibodies and were protected from lethal JEV challenge. Protection was also observed in mice immunized with a subunit vaccine candidate, consisting of extracellular particles (EPs; RNA-free subviral membrane vesicles containing prM/M and E proteins) derived from HeLa cell cultures infected with a JEV-vaccinia recombinant. Mice primed with vCP107 and boosted with EPs had higher antibody levels than mice immunized twice with EPs alone, although the levels were comparable to that obtained in mice immunized twice with the recombinant virus. Mice immunized with a mixture of recombinant virus (vCP107) plus EPs had neutralizing antibody titres higher than mice immunized with the recombinant virus or EPs alone. C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,YALE ARBOVIRUS RES UNIT,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. KOBE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED ZOOL,CHUO KU,KOBE 650,JAPAN. VIROGENET CORP,TROY,NY 12180. US ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 10987-17] NR 31 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY PY 1994 VL 12 IS 7 BP 633 EP 638 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(94)90269-0 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA NK351 UT WOS:A1994NK35100011 PM 8085382 ER PT J AU ESSEY, MA KOLLER, MA AF ESSEY, MA KOLLER, MA TI STATUS OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN NORTH-AMERICA SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Mycobacterium Bovis CY AUG 20-21, 1991 CL UNIV COLL DUBLIN, DUBLIN, IRELAND HO UNIV COLL DUBLIN DE MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS; CATTLE; TUBERCULOSIS, BOVINE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ERADICATION AB The eradication of bovine tuberculosis from North America is in the advanced stages as Canada and the United States struggle to remove the last vestiges of the disease from the domestic livestock population. Canada realistically anticipates total eradication from the national cattle herd within the next few years. The United States must yet effectively deal with the increased tuberculosis exposure potential from imparted steers and from bovine tuberculosis newly discovered in its captive cervid industry. This paper reviews the history and development of tuberculosis eradication programs in North America. The basic evolution is described from area testing to slaughter surveillance with follow-up epidemiological investigations as the program foundation. The current status of both countries is described and recognized deterrents to final eradication are discussed. C1 AGR CANADA,DIV ANIM HLTH,OTTAWA K1A 0Y9,ON,CANADA. RP ESSEY, MA (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,ROOM 729,6505 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 0 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 40 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(94)90043-4 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA NN758 UT WOS:A1994NN75800004 PM 8073622 ER PT J AU MILLER, JA OEHLER, DD SCHOLL, PJ AF MILLER, JA OEHLER, DD SCHOLL, PJ TI MOXIDECTIN - PHARMACOKINETICS AND ACTIVITY AGAINST HORN FLIES (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) AND TRICHOSTRONGYLE NEMATODE EGG-PRODUCTION SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HAEMATOBIA-IRRITANS; TRICHOSTRONGYLIDAE, GENERAL; CONTROL METHODS ARTHROPODA; CONTROL METHODS NEMATODA; MOXIDECTIN ID CATTLE AB The concentration of moxidectin, a macrocyclic lactone endectocide, in the blood serum of cattle resulting from single and daily subcutaneous injections and oral dosing was determined as a function of time. When given as a single subcutaneous (SC) injection, the drug peaked between 4 and 6 h post-treatment. As a single oral dose, the peak serum level occurred at 1 day post-treatment. Daily SC injections and oral doses resulted in a gradual increase in blood serum level over the 21 days of treatment but did not reach a plateau during this time. Horn flies, Haematobia irritans (Linnaeus), feeding on the blood of treated cattle drawn on Day 21 of daily treatment showed a decline in survival and egg production, but a negligible effect on egg hatching. Dose-mortality data on adult horn flies showed an LC-50 and LC-90 value of 10 ppb and 19 ppb in the blood, respectively. Moxidectin was also found to have larvicidal activity against the immature stages of the horn fly in the manure of treated cattle. Moxidectin administered at 100, 50 and 25 mug kg-1 as a daily oral medication was 100% effective in eliminating trichostrongyle egg counts by Day 3 of the treatment. Counts remained negative to the end of the trial. C1 AMER CYANAMID CO,AGR RES DIV,PRINCETON,NJ 08543. RP MILLER, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,2700 FREDERICKSBURG RD,KERRVILLE,TX 78028, USA. NR 9 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 53 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 143 PG 11 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA NT997 UT WOS:A1994NT99700016 PM 8091610 ER PT J AU ACKERMANN, MR DEBEY, BM STABEL, TJ GOLD, JH REGISTER, KB MEEHAN, JT AF ACKERMANN, MR DEBEY, BM STABEL, TJ GOLD, JH REGISTER, KB MEEHAN, JT TI DISTRIBUTION OF ANTI-CD68 (EBM11) IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN FORMALIN-FIXED, PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED BOVINE-TISSUES SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BOVINE LUNG; CD68; EBM11; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; INTRAVASCULAR MACROPHAGES; PASTEURELLA HAEMOLYTICA ID HAEMOLYTICA A1-DERIVED ENDOTOXIN; PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA; INTRAVASCULAR MACROPHAGES; HEMOPHILUS-PLEUROPNEUMONIAE; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; ANTIGEN; ACID; LOCALIZATION; PROTEINS; VIRUS AB A commercially acquired anti-human macrophage antibody (anti-CD68; EBM11) was used in an immunocytochemical technique to detect macrophages in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from cattle, pigs, humans, rats, turkeys, dogs, and cats. In healthy cattle, the antibody labeled alveolar macrophages, pulmonary intravascular cells (presumably intravascular macrophages), and macrophage-like cells in other tissues. In bovine lungs infected with Pasteurella haemolytica, EBM11 antibody labeled 95% of alveolar macrophages and macrophages within alveolar septa but only 0-2% of streaming or ''oat'' leukocytes. Alveolar macrophages were also stained by EBM11 in pigs but not in rats, turkeys, dogs, and cats. The antibody also stained macrophage aggregates in the mesenteric lymph nodes and intestinal lamina propria of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis-infected cattle. This study shows that the anti-CD68 (EBM11) antibody is a useful marker of macrophages in normal bovine tissues or tissues from areas of acute or chronic inflammation that have been routinely processed. The study also adds strength to the growing evidence suggesting that streaming leukocytes seen in pneumonic pasteurellosis are neutrophils. C1 IOWA METHODIST MED CTR,DES MOINES,IA. RP ACKERMANN, MR (reprint author), US ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 23 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 31 IS 3 BP 340 EP 348 PG 9 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA NK108 UT WOS:A1994NK10800007 PM 8053129 ER PT J AU CLEMENTS, JE WALL, RJ NARAYAN, O HAUER, D SCHOBORG, R SHEFFER, D POWELL, A CARRUTH, LM ZINK, MC REXROAD, CE AF CLEMENTS, JE WALL, RJ NARAYAN, O HAUER, D SCHOBORG, R SHEFFER, D POWELL, A CARRUTH, LM ZINK, MC REXROAD, CE TI DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSGENIC SHEEP THAT EXPRESS THE VISNA VIRUS ENVELOPE GENE SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; OVINE PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA; UNITED-STATES; SIV INFECTION; SUBUNIT VACCINES; RHESUS MACAQUES; AP-1 SITES; MACROPHAGES; DNA; LENTIVIRUS AB The ovine lentiviruses cause encephalitis, pneumonia, and arthritis in sheep worldwide. Visna virus is a prototype of this family and the pathogenesis and molecular biology of the virus has been well characterized. The envelope proteins of visna virus are responsible for binding of virus to host cells and for causing cell fusion. The surface glycoprotein also elicits cellular and humoral immune responses to the virus, the former being thought to be responsible for eliminating infected cells as well as causing inflammatory lesions. In this study, transgenic sheep were constructed that expressed the envelope genes of visna virus under the control of the visna LTR to investigate the role of the env gene in the pathogenesis of lentiviral disease in its natural host. Three transgenic lambs were identified that contain the env transgene and express the envelope glycoproteins. These transgenic animals have remained healthy and expression of the viral gene has had no obvious deleterious effect. Expression of the visna envelope protein was demonstrated by cell fusion mediated by the envelope gene as well as by immunoprecipitation of the envelope proteins with monoclonal antibodies and immunofluorescence analyses of Env protein in cells. The target cell for visna virus replication in infected animals is the monocyte/macrophage. In natural infection, the level of viral gene expression in these cells increases with cell maturation. In the transgenic sheep, monocytes did not express the envelope glycoproteins until they differentiated into macrophages in vitro. Expression of the env mRNA in macrophages was quantitated by an RNase protection assay. In addition to expression in macrophages, the transgene was expressed by fibroblasts isolated from skin of the transgenic sheep. Expression of both the Env and Rev proteins was detected by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. Two of the three lambs responded immunologically to the expression of the transgene by producing binding antibodies to the envelope glycoproteins. Thus, these transgenic sheep provide a model to study whether a lentivirus glycoprotein will prevent infection or modulate disease in its natural host after virus challenge. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV KANSAS,MED CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL,KANSAS CITY,KS 66160. USDA LABS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP CLEMENTS, JE (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT COMPARAT MED,720 RUTLAND AVE,TRAYLOR G-60,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. RI Schoborg, Robert/A-2055-2010 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI32369]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS23039, NS12127] NR 44 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY 1 PY 1994 VL 200 IS 2 BP 370 EP 380 DI 10.1006/viro.1994.1201 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA NG523 UT WOS:A1994NG52300006 PM 8178428 ER PT J AU NASLAS, GD MILLER, WW BLANK, RR GIFFORD, GF AF NASLAS, GD MILLER, WW BLANK, RR GIFFORD, GF TI SEDIMENT, NITRATE, AND AMMONIUM IN SURFACE RUNOFF FROM 2 TAHOE BASIN SOIL TYPES SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE SURFACE RUNOFF; NUTRIENT RUNOFF; PLOT STUDIES; SUB-ALPINE FORESTED WATERSHEDS ID LAKE TAHOE; NEVADA; CALIFORNIA AB Few studies have addressed the natural pollution potential of pristine subalpine forested watersheds on a site-specific basis. Consequently, specific source and amounts of nutrient discharge to tributaries of the Tahoe Basin are difficult to identify. The sediment content and nitrate and ammonium levels in surface runoff from two soil types (Meeks and Umpa), four plot conditions (wooded natural and disturbed, open natural and disturbed), and three slopes (gentle, moderate, and steep) were studied using rainfall simulation that applied a 9 cm h-1, 1-h event. A significant (P < 0.005) two-way interaction between soil type and plot condition affected runoff nitrate concentration. Runoff from natural or disturbed open plots contained significantly (P = 0.05) greater nitrate than wooded plots. Peak concentrations of nitrate commonly occurred during early runoff, suggesting that peak nitrate discharge to Lake Tahoe tributaries can be expected during early runoff from snowmelt and summer precipitation events. The highest nitrate runoff concentration and 1-h cumulative loading from the 0.46 m2 plots were 6.7 mg L-1 (Umpa, open natural, 15-30 percent slope), and 0.7 mg (Umpa, open natural, > 30 percent slope), respectively. Ammonium in surface runoff was generally below detection limits (< 0.05 mug L-1). No statistical relationship between runoff nitrate and sediment discharge was detected. C1 USDA ARS,RENO,NV 89512. RP NASLAS, GD (reprint author), DEPT ENVIRONM & RESOURCE SCI,1000 VALLEY RD,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 30 IS 3 BP 409 EP 417 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA NV623 UT WOS:A1994NV62300005 ER PT J AU SRINIVASAN, R ARNOLD, JG AF SRINIVASAN, R ARNOLD, JG TI INTEGRATION OF A BASIN-SCALE WATER-QUALITY MODEL WITH GIS SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS; WATER QUALITY; DISTRIBUTED PARAMETER MODELING; NATURAL RESOURCE DATABASES; SOIL AND WATER ASSESSMENT TOOL (SWAT); BASIN SCALE MODELING AB Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been successfully integrated with distributed parameter, single-event, water quality models such as AGNPS (AGricultural NonPoint Source) and ANSWERS (Areal Nonpoint Source Watershed Environmental Response Simulation). These linkages proved to be an effective way to collect, manipulate, visualize, and analyze the input and output date of water quality models. However, for continuous-time, basin large-scale water quality models, collecting and manipulating the input data are more time-consuming and cumbersome due to the method of disaggregation (subdivisions are based on topographic boundaries). SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), a basin-scale water quality model, was integrated with a GIS to extract input data for modeling a basin. This paper discusses the detailed development of the integration of the SWAT water quality model with GRASS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) GIS, along with an application and advantages. The integrated system was applied to simulated a 114 sq. km upper portion of the Seco Creek Basin by subdividing it into 37 subbasins. The average monthly predicted streamflow is in agreement with measured monthly streamflow values. C1 USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502. RP SRINIVASAN, R (reprint author), BLACKLAND RES CTR,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 NR 25 TC 167 Z9 181 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 30 IS 3 BP 453 EP 462 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA NV623 UT WOS:A1994NV62300009 ER PT J AU RANGO, A MARTINEC, J AF RANGO, A MARTINEC, J TI MODEL ACCURACY IN SNOWMELT-RUNOFF FORECASTS EXTENDING FROM 1 TO 20 DAYS SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE HYDROGRAPH ANALYSIS AND MODELING; MODELING STATISTICS; SIMULATION; SNOW AND ICE HYDROLOGY; SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY AB This paper examines the performance of snowmelt-runoff models in conditions approximating real-time forecast situations. These tests are one part of an intercomparison of models recently conducted by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Daily runoff from the Canadian snowmelt basin Illecille-waet 1155 km2, 509-3150 m a.s.l.) was forecast for 1 to 20 days ahead. The performance of models was better than in a previous WMO project, which dealt with runoff simulations from historical data, for the following reasons: (1) conditions for models were more favorable than a real-time forecast situation because measured input data and not meteorological forecast inputs were distributed to the modelers; (2) the selected test basin was relatively easy to handle and familiar from the previous WMO project; and (3) all kinds of updating were allowed so that some models even improved their accuracy towards longer forecast times. Based on this experience, a more realistic follow-up project can be imagined which would include temperature forecasts and quantitative precipitation forecasts instead of measured data. RP RANGO, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BLDG 007,RM 104,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 30 IS 3 BP 463 EP 470 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA NV623 UT WOS:A1994NV62300010 ER PT J AU MALIK, AS LARSON, BA RIBAUDO, M AF MALIK, AS LARSON, BA RIBAUDO, M TI ECONOMIC INCENTIVES FOR AGRICULTURAL NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION-CONTROL SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE CLEAN WATER ACT; NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION; ECONOMIC INCENTIVE POLICIES; ENVIRONMENTAL BONDS; POINT NONPOINT SOURCE TRADING ID LIABILITY; POLICIES; RISK AB The limited success of command-and-control policies for reducing nonpoint source (NPS) water pollution mandated under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) has prompted increased interest in economic incentive policies as an alternative control mechanism. A variety of measures have been proposed ranging from fairly minor modifications of existing policies to substantial revisions including watershed-wide polices that rely on economic incentives. While greater use of economic incentive policies, such as environmental bonds and point/nonpoint source trading is being advocated in the reauthorization of the CWA, the expected effects of individual proposals will be modest. The characteristics of NPS pollution, namely uncertainty and asymmetrical information, underscores that there is no single, ideal policy instrument for controlling the many types of agricultural NPS water pollution. Some of the usual incentive-based policies, such as effluent taxes, are not well suited to the task. Individual incentive policies proposed for the reauthorized CWA, such as pollution trading or deposit/refund systems, are not broadly applicable for heterogeneous pollution situations. Economic incentive policies may be appropriate in some cases, and command-and-control policies will be preferable in others and may in fact complement incentive policies. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. RP MALIK, AS (reprint author), GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT ECON,2201 G ST NW,ROOM 624,WASHINGTON,DC 20052, USA. NR 38 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 30 IS 3 BP 471 EP 480 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA NV623 UT WOS:A1994NV62300011 ER PT J AU GAREN, DC JOHNSON, GL HANSON, CL AF GAREN, DC JOHNSON, GL HANSON, CL TI MEAN AREAL PRECIPITATION FOR DAILY HYDROLOGIC MODELING IN MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE PRECIPITATION; SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY; MODELING STATISTICS; KRIGING ID MULTIVARIATE GEOSTATISTICS; RAINFALL; TERRAIN; FIELDS AB A procedure using detrended kriging has been developed to calculate daily values of mean areal precipitation (MAP) for input to hydrologic models. The important features of this procedure that overcome weaknesses in existing MAP procedures are: (1) specific precipitation-elevation relationships are determined for each time period as opposed to using relationships based on climatological averages, (2) spatial variability is incorporated by estimating precipitation for each grid cell over a watershed, (3) the spatial correlation structure of precipitation is explicitly modeled, and (4) station weights for precipitation estimates are determined objectively and optimally. Detailed cross-validation testing of the procedure was done for the Reynolds Creek research watershed in southwestern Idaho. The procedure is suitable for use in operational streamflow forecasting. C1 USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,BOISE,ID 83712. RP GAREN, DC (reprint author), USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,WATER SUPPLY FORECASTING STAFF,511 NW BROADWAY,ROOM 248,PORTLAND,OR 97209, USA. NR 30 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 30 IS 3 BP 481 EP 491 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA NV623 UT WOS:A1994NV62300012 ER PT J AU OSTERKAMP, WR LANE, LJ SAVARD, CS AF OSTERKAMP, WR LANE, LJ SAVARD, CS TI RECHARGE ESTIMATES USING A GEOMORPHIC DISTRIBUTED-PARAMETER SIMULATION APPROACH, AMARGOSA RIVER BASIN SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE DISTRIBUTED-PARAMETER SIMULATION; RECHARGE; TRANSMISSION LOSS; WATER BALANCE ID SOUTHERN NEVADA; DESERT AB Average-annual volumes of runoff, evapotranspiration, channel loss, upland (interchannel) recharge, and total recharge were estimated for watersheds of 53 channel sites in the Amargosa River basin above Shoshone, California. Estimates were based on a water-balance approach combining field techniques for determining streamflow with distributed-parameter simulation models to calculate transmission losses of ephemeral streamflow and upland recharge resulting from high-magnitude, low-frequency precipitation events. Application of the water-balance models to the Amargosa River basin, Nevada and California, including part of the Nevada Test Site, suggests that about 20.5 million cubic meters of water recharges the ground-water reservoir above Shoshone annually. About 1.6 percent of precipitation becomes recharge basinwide. About 90 percent of the recharge is by transmission loss in channels, and the remainder occurs when infrequent storms yield sufficient precipitation that soil water percolates beyond the rooting zone and reaches the zone of saturation from interchannel areas. Highest rates of recharge are in headwaters of the Amargosa River and Fortymile Wash; the least recharge occurs in areas of relatively low precipitation in the lowermost Amargosa River watershed. C1 USDA ARS,TUCSON,AZ 85719. US GEOL SURVEY,HYDROL RES FACIL,MERCURY,NV 89023. RP OSTERKAMP, WR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MS 413,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 30 IS 3 BP 493 EP 507 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA NV623 UT WOS:A1994NV62300013 ER PT J AU POTYONDY, JP HARDY, T AF POTYONDY, JP HARDY, T TI USE OF PEBBLE COUNTS TO EVALUATE FINE SEDIMENT INCREASE IN STREAM CHANNELS SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE FINE SEDIMENT; CHANNEL CONDITION; WATER QUALITY MONITORING; NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION; PEBBLE COUNTS ID SIZE AB The pebble count, a quick and simple technique for characterizing streambed materials, has long been used by geomorphologists, hydrologists, and river engineers. This paper describes how pebble counts have been used to monitor fine sediment (particles less then 6 mm in size) on the Boise National Forest. Data from two watersheds subjected to major wildfires and the failure of a dam are discussed. Following wildfires, pebble count data showed increases in streambed fines followed by improvement of the stream substrate with time as the watersheds recovered. For the dam failure, pebble count data showed an increase in fines in the stream below the failure and were used to track the distance of sediment movement downstream. Pebble counts may be best used where fine sediment on channel substrates are a concern, such as in granitic watersheds where coarse sands are a large component of bedload and land-disturbing activities introduce fine sediment into streams. Pebble counts are found to be a simple and rapid monitoring method that can be used to help determine whether or not land management activities or land disturbances are introducing fine sediment into streams C1 BOISE NATL FOREST,BOISE,ID. BOISE NATL FOREST,LOWMAN,ID. RP POTYONDY, JP (reprint author), STREAM SYST TECHNOL CTR,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT RD,FT COLLINS,CO, USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 30 IS 3 BP 509 EP 520 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA NV623 UT WOS:A1994NV62300014 ER PT J AU KUSTAS, WP GOODRICH, DC AF KUSTAS, WP GOODRICH, DC TI SPECIAL SECTION - MONSOON 90 MULTIDISCIPLINARY EXPERIMENT - PREFACE SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WATER; ENERGY; SCALE AB The Monsoon '90 multidisciplinary field campaign was conducted over the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service Walnut Gulch experimental watershed in southeastern Arizona during June-September 1990. A primary objective of this combined ground, aircraft, and satellite campaign was to assess the feasibility of utilizing remotely sensed data coupled with water and energy balance modeling for large-area estimates of fluxes in semiarid rangelands. The experimental period encompassed a variety of vegetation, soil moisture, and rainfall conditions characterized by large temporal and spatial gradients. This preface outlines experimental objectives, briefly discusses the field campaigns, summarizes initial observations, and provides an overview of articles that are a part of the Monsoon '90 special section. C1 USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. RP KUSTAS, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BLDG 007,ROOM 140 BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 29 TC 116 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1211 EP 1225 DI 10.1029/93WR03068 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700002 ER PT J AU STANNARD, DI BLANFORD, JH KUSTAS, WP NICHOLS, WD AMER, SA SCHMUGGE, TJ WELTZ, MA AF STANNARD, DI BLANFORD, JH KUSTAS, WP NICHOLS, WD AMER, SA SCHMUGGE, TJ WELTZ, MA TI INTERPRETATION OF SURFACE FLUX MEASUREMENTS IN HETEROGENEOUS TERRAIN DURING THE MONSOON 90 EXPERIMENT SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EDDY-CORRELATION; HEAT-FLUX; ENERGY; SYSTEM AB A network of 9-m-tall surface flux measurement stations were deployed at eight sparsely vegetated sites during the Monsoon '90 experiment to measure net radiation, Q, soil heat flux, G, sensible heat flux, H (using eddy correlation), and latent heat flux, lambdaE (using the energy balance equation). At four of these sites, 2-m-tall eddy correlation systems were used to measure all four fluxes directly. Also a 2-m-tall Bowen ratio system was deployed at one site. Magnitudes of the energy balance closure (Q + G + H + lambdaE) increased as the complexity of terrain increased. The daytime Bowen ratio decreased from about 10 before the monsoon season to about 0.3 during the monsoons. Source areas of the measurements are developed and compared to scales of heterogeneity arising from the sparse vegetation and the topography. There was very good agreement among simultaneous measurements of Q with the same model sensor at different heights (representing different source areas), but poor agreement among different brands of sensors. Comparisons of simultaneous measurements of G suggest that because of the extremely small source area, extreme care in sensor deployment is necessary for accurate measurement in sparse canopies. A recently published model to estimate fetch is used to interpret measurements of H at the 2 m and 9 m heights. Three sites were characterized by undulating topography, with ridgetops separated by about 200-600 m. At these sites, sensors were located on ridgetops, and the 9-m fetch included the adjacent valley, whereas the 2-m fetch was limited to the immediate ridgetop and hillside. Before the monsoons began, vegetation was mostly dormant, the watershed was uniformly hot and dry, and the two measurements of H were in close agreement. After the monsoons began and vegetation fully matured, the 2-m measurements of H were significantly greater than the 9-m measurements, presumably because the vegetation in the valleys was denser and cooler than on the ridgetops and hillsides. At one lowland site with little topographic relief, the vegetation was more uniform, and the two measurements of H were in close agreement during peak vegetation. Values of lambdaE could only be compared at two sites, but the 9-m values were greater than the 2-m values, suggesting lambdaE from the dense vegetation in the valleys was greater than elsewhere. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT HYDROL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. UNIV ARIZONA,INST ATMOSPHER PHYS,TUCSON,AZ 85721. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,CARSON CITY,NV 89701. USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP STANNARD, DI (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MAIL STOP 413,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 35 TC 94 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1227 EP 1239 DI 10.1029/93WR03037 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700003 ER PT J AU KUSTAS, WP MORAN, MS HUMES, KS STANNARD, DI PINTER, PJ HIPPS, LE SWIATEK, E GOODRICH, DC AF KUSTAS, WP MORAN, MS HUMES, KS STANNARD, DI PINTER, PJ HIPPS, LE SWIATEK, E GOODRICH, DC TI SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE ESTIMATES AT LOCAL AND REGIONAL SCALES USING OPTICAL REMOTE-SENSING FROM AN AIRCRAFT PLATFORM AND ATMOSPHERIC DATA COLLECTED OVER SEMIARID RANGELANDS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOIL HEAT-FLUX; THERMAL-INFRARED DATA; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SATELLITE DATA; HAPEX-MOBILHY; NET-RADIATION; MOISTURE AVAILABILITY; EVAPO-TRANSPIRATION; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; METEOROLOGICAL DATA AB Remotely sensed data in the visible, near-infrared, and thermal-infrared wave bands were collected from a low-flying aircraft during the Monsoon '90 field experiment. Monsoon '90 was a multidisciplinary experiment conducted in a semiarid watershed. It had as one of its objectives the quantification of hydrometeorological fluxes during the ''monsoon'' or wet season. The remote sensing observations along with micrometeorological and atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) data were used to compute the surface energy balance over a range of spatial scales. The procedure involved averaging multiple pixels along transects flown over the meteorological and flux (METFLUX) stations. Average values of the spectral reflectance and thermal-infrared temperatures were computed for pixels of order 10(-1) to 10(1) km in length and were used with atmospheric data for evaluating net radiation (R(n)), soil heat flux (G), and sensible (H) and latent (LE) heat fluxes at these same length scales. The model employs a single-layer resistance approach for estimating H that requires wind speed and air temperature in the ABL and a remotely sensed surface temperature. The values of R(n) and G are estimated from remote sensing information together with near-surface observations of air temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation. Finally, LE is solved as the residual term in the surface energy balance equation. Model calculations were compared to measurements from the METFLUX network for three days having different environmental conditions. Average percent differences for the three days between model and the METFLUX estimates of the local fluxes were about 5% for R(n), 20% for G and H, and 15% for LE. Larger differences occurred during partly cloudy conditions because of errors in interpreting the remote sensing data and the higher spatial and temporal variation in the energy fluxes. Minor variations in modeled energy fluxes were observed when the pixel size representing the remote sensing inputs changed from 0.2 to 2 km. Regional scale estimates of the surface energy balance using bulk ABL properties for the model parameters and input variables and the 10-km pixel data differed from the METFLUX network averages by about 4% for R(n), 10% for G and H, and 15% for LE. Model sensitivity in calculating the turbulent fluxes H and LE to possible variations in key model parameters (i.e., the roughness lengths for heat and momentum) was found to be fairly significant. Therefore the reliability of the methods for estimating key model parameters and potential errors needs further testing over different ecosystems and environmental conditions. C1 USDA ARS, SW WATERSHED RES CTR, TUCSON, AZ 85719 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, DIV WATER RESOURCES, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. UTAH STATE UNIV, DEPT PLANTS SOILS & BIOMETEOROL, LOGAN, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, HYDROL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP US WATER CONSERVAT LAB, USDA ARS, 4331 E BROADWAY RD, PHOENIX, AZ 85040 USA. RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 107 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1241 EP 1259 DI 10.1029/93WR03038 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700004 ER PT J AU PERRY, EM MORAN, MS AF PERRY, EM MORAN, MS TI AN EVALUATION OF ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTIONS OF RADIOMETRIC SURFACE TEMPERATURES FOR A SEMIARID RANGELAND WATERSHED SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE; CALIBRATION; EMISSIVITY AB As part of an interdisciplinary effort to describe the hydrologic and surface energy balance of a semiarid rangeland watershed, remote and ground radiometric surface temperature measurements were collected at the Walnut Gulch experimental watershed near Tombstone, Arizona. To correct for atmospheric effects on the remotely sensed data, radiosondes were launched on and off the watershed, and the LOWTRAN7 radiative transfer model was used to evaluate these observed as well as two standard atmospheric profiles. Comparison of the results for five atmospheric profiles, for each of three days, showed no correlation between radiosonde location or launch time and resulting temperature corrections. Comparison of corrected temperatures using five different atmospheric profiles on each of two days with the corresponding ground-based radiometric temperatures demonstrated significant errors (greater than 2.0-degrees-C) as the atmospheric profiles generally yielded underestimates of ground radiometric temperatures. C1 USDA ARS, WATER CONSERVAT LAB, TUCSON, AZ 85719 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, REMOTE SENSING RES LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP PERRY, EM (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1261 EP 1269 DI 10.1029/93WR03056 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700005 ER PT J AU QI, J HUETE, AR CABOT, F CHEHBOUNI, A AF QI, J HUETE, AR CABOT, F CHEHBOUNI, A TI BIDIRECTIONAL PROPERTIES AND UTILIZATIONS OF HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTRA FROM A SEMIARID WATERSHED SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE FACTOR DISTRIBUTIONS; SURFACE REFLECTANCE; COVER TYPES; ANGLE; AZIMUTH; CANOPY; SYSTEM AB A ground- and air-based high spectral resolution data set was collected during the summer Monsoon '90 experiment at the Walnut Gulch experimental watershed in southeastern Arizona for the purpose of (1) characterizing solar and view angle interactions on dry and wet season canopy spectra, and (2) exploring the use of multidirectional measurements to infer vegetation properties for semiarid watershed studies. Bidirectional reflectance factors were measured up to 40-degrees off nadir with a spectroradiometer over a semidesert grassland site. High-spectral resolution aircraft data were collected over grass and desert shrub sites in order to investigate scaling effects. In this study, solar and view angle effects and interactions on canopy spectra varied with spectral wavelength as well as between dry and wet seasons. The solar zenith angle modified the view angle behavior of the bidirectional reflectance factors. In general, view angle influences and spectral signature contrasts were greatest at the larger solar zenith angles and similarly, Sun angle influences were more apparent at the larger view zenith angle. The scale dependency of the data was relatively minor. The bidirectional measurements were sufficiently characterized by a physically based bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model. The parameters retrieved from the inversion of the BRDF model corresponded with observed vegetation variations. C1 LAB ETUDES & RECH TELEDETECT SPATIALE,F-31055 TOULOUSE,FRANCE. JET PROP LAB,HYDROL SOILS & ECOL GRP,PASADENA,CA 91109. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP QI, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. RI Huete, Alfredo/C-1294-2008 OI Huete, Alfredo/0000-0003-2809-2376 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1271 EP 1279 DI 10.1029/93WR03058 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700006 ER PT J AU MORAN, MS CLARKE, TR KUSTAS, WP WELTZ, M AMER, SA AF MORAN, MS CLARKE, TR KUSTAS, WP WELTZ, M AMER, SA TI EVALUATION OF HYDROLOGIC PARAMETERS IN A SEMIARID RANGELAND USING REMOTELY-SENSED SPECTRAL DATA SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; PLANT CANOPY; REFLECTANCE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; VEGETATION; SOIL; CALIBRATION; ENERGY; MODEL AB A study was conducted to determine the relation between remotely sensed spectral data and measurements of vegetation-related hydrologic parameters in a semiarid rangeland in southeast Arizona. Throughout the measurement periods, ranging from June to September 1990, eight sites in the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service Walnut Gulch experimental watershed were monitored for water and energy fluxes and other meteorological and biological parameters. Corresponding spectral data were acquired with ground-based radiometers, low-altitude aircraft-mounted instruments, and Landsat thematic mapper sensors. Spectral indices were derived from measurements of surface reflectance, based on their response to variations in hydrologic parameters and sensitivity to unrelated variables, such as solar zenith angle and soil differences. A soil-adjusted vegetation index, SAVI (derived from red and NIR reflectance factors), was found to be highly correlated with the temporal changes in vegetation cover and biomass, but less successful in discriminating spatial differences in cover and biomass across the watershed. Significant relations were found between the surface-air temperature (T(s) - T(a)) difference and measurements of soil moisture content, though the shape differed from that previously published for bare soil. The relation between daily evaporation rate and measurements of (T(s) - T(a)) and daily net radiation was similar to that derived previously for irrigated pasture and dryland shortgrass in France but differed from that derived for irrigated wheat. These results emphasized the strengths and limitations of the use of spectral data for estimation of hydrologic characteristics of sparsely vegetated sites and suggested a need for reevaluation of common empirical relations between remotely sensed measurements and surface characteristics for application to rangeland areas. C1 UNIV ARIZONA, DEPT HYDROL & WATER RESOURCES, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. USDA ARS, SW WATERSHED RES CTR, TUCSON, AZ 85719 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, HYDROL LAB, BARC E, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP MORAN, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US WATER CONSERVAT LAB, 4331 E BROADWAY, PHOENIX, AZ 85040 USA. NR 42 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1287 EP 1297 DI 10.1029/93WR03066 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700008 ER PT J AU HUMES, KS KUSTAS, WP MORAN, MS NICHOLS, WD WELTZ, MA AF HUMES, KS KUSTAS, WP MORAN, MS NICHOLS, WD WELTZ, MA TI VARIABILITY OF EMISSIVITY AND SURFACE-TEMPERATURE OVER A SPARSELY VEGETATED SURFACE SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-BALANCE; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; THERMAL-RADIATION; WHEAT CANOPY; HEAT-FLUX; ROW CROP; MODEL; SOIL; WATER AB Radiometric surface temperatures obtained from remote sensing measurements are a function of both the physical surface temperature and the effective emissivity of the surface within the band pass of the radiometric measurement. For sparsely vegetated areas, however, a sensor views significant fractions of both bare soil and various vegetation types. In this case the radiometric response of a sensor is a function of the emissivities and kinetic temperatures of various surface elements, the proportion of those surface elements within the field of view of the sensor, and the interaction of radiation emitted from the various surface components. In order to effectively utilize thermal remote sensing data to quantify energy balance components for a sparsely vegetated area, it is important to examine the typical magnitude and degree of variability of emissivity and surface temperature for such surfaces. Surface emissivity measurements and ground and low-altitude-aircraft-based surface temperature measurements (8-13 mum band pass) made in conjunction with the Monsoon '90 field experiment were used to evaluate the typical variability of those quantities during the summer rainy season in a semiarid watershed. The average value for thermal band emissivity of the exposed bare soil portions of the surface was found to be approximately 0.96; the average value measured for most of the varieties of desert shrubs present was approximately 0.99. Surface composite emissivity was estimated to be approximately 0.98 for both the grass-dominated and shrub-dominated portions of the watershed. The spatial variability of surface temperature was found to be highly dependent on the spatial scale of integration for the instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of the instrument, the spatial scale of the total area under evaluation, and the time of day. For the conditions which existed during most of the Monsoon '90 experiment, the differences in kinetic (physical) temperature between the vegetation and soil background were typically between 10-degrees and 25-degrees-C at midday. These differences gave rise to large variations in radiometric composite surface temperatures observed with a ground-based instrument configuration which allowed a ground IFOV of approximately 0.5 m. An evaluation of the frequency distribution for these observations indicated that the variance in surface temperature observed over an intensively sampled target area (approximately 500 m x 120 m) increased significantly in the early to late morning hours of a typical diurnal heating cycle. For aircraft-based composite radiometric temperature measurements at the watershed scale (with ground IFOV of approximately 40 m for each observation), much of the variability in surface temperature due to differences in soil and vegetation temperature was integrated into a single measurement; consequently, the variance between observations over the watershed was not significantly larger than those observed at length scales of 100 m. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, DIV WATER RESOURCES, CARSON CITY, NV 89719 USA. USDA ARS, SW WATERSHED RES CTR, TUCSON, AZ 85719 USA. USDA ARS, US WATER CONSERVAT LAB, PHOENIX, AZ 85040 USA. RP HUMES, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BLDG 7,ROOM 104, BARC W, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 44 TC 53 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1299 EP 1310 DI 10.1029/93WR03065 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700009 ER PT J AU WELTZ, MA RITCHIE, JC FOX, HD AF WELTZ, MA RITCHIE, JC FOX, HD TI COMPARISON OF LASER AND FIELD-MEASUREMENTS OF VEGETATION HEIGHT AND CANOPY COVER SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE LASER; SURFACE-TOPOGRAPHY; FOREST CANOPY; SYSTEM AB Distribution of vegetation properties is fundamental for understanding vegetation patterns and characteristics, improving estimates of infiltration, evapotranspiration, and soil erosion. A laser altimeter mounted in a small airplane was used to measure surface patterns of the landscape on the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service Walnut Gulch experimental watershed near Tombstone, Arizona. The airborne laser altimeter is a pulsed gallium-arsenide diode laser, transmitting and receiving 4000 pulses per second at a wavelength of 0.904 mum. The laser has a 1-mrad field of view and is designed to have a vertical recording precision of 0.05 m on a single measurement. Aircraft altitude varied between 100 and 300 m for the flights. Digital data from the laser were collected with a portable computer and analyzed to provide information on changes in vegetation height, spatial patterns, and patchiness of vegetation cover. The laser-measured vegetation properties of plant height and canopy cover (>0.3 m) were not significantly different than field measurements made using the line-intercept transect method at seven of the eight sites evaluated. Although the laser measurements of canopy height were not significantly different from the ground measurements, the laser consistently overestimated canopy cover less than 0.3 m in height and underestimated canopy cover greater than 0.5 m. New techniques to discriminate the background noise in the laser return signal in sparsely populated shrub communities are necessary before this technique will be fully useful in estimating canopy cover on rangelands. These studies indicate the potential of airborne laser to measure vegetation patterns quickly and quantitatively. The laser also has the ability to separate and map distinctly different plant communities. C1 USDA,SCS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP WELTZ, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 37 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1311 EP 1319 DI 10.1029/93WR03067 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700010 ER PT J AU SCHMUGGE, T JACKSON, TJ KUSTAS, WP ROBERTS, R PARRY, R GOODRICH, DC AMER, SA WELTZ, MA AF SCHMUGGE, T JACKSON, TJ KUSTAS, WP ROBERTS, R PARRY, R GOODRICH, DC AMER, SA WELTZ, MA TI PUSH BROOM MICROWAVE RADIOMETER OBSERVATIONS OF SURFACE SOIL-MOISTURE IN MONSOON 90 SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EMISSION AB The push broom microwave radiometer (PBMR) was flown on six flights of the NASA C-130 to map the surface soil moisture over the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service Walnut Gulch experimental watershed in southeastern Arizona. The PBMR operates at a wavelength of 21 cm and has four horizontally polarized beams which cover a swath of 1.2 times the aircraft altitude. By flying a series of parallel flight lines it was possible to map the microwave brightness temperature (T(B)), and thus the soil moisture, over a large area. In this case the area was approximately 8 by 20 km. The moisture conditions ranged from very dry, <2% by volume, to quite wet, >15%, after a heavy rain. The rain amounts ranged from less than 10 mm to more than 50 mm over the area mapped with the PBMR. With the PBMR we were able to observe the spatial variations of the rain amounts and the temporal variation as the soil dried. The T(B) values were registered to a Universal Transverse Mercator grid so that they could be compared to the rain gage readings and to the ground measurements of soil moisture in the 0- to 5-cm layer. The decreases in T(B) were well correlated with the rainfall amounts, R2 = 0.9, and the comparison of T(B) with soil moisture was also good with an R2 of about 0.8. For the latter, there was some dependence of the relation on location, which may be due to soil or vegetation variations over the area mapped. The application of these data to runoff forecasts and flux estimates will be discussed. C1 USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SCHMUGGE, T (reprint author), INRA,DOMAINE ST PAUL,BOITE POSTALE 91,F-84143 MONTFAVET,FRANCE. RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 10 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1321 EP 1327 DI 10.1029/93WR03057 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700011 ER PT J AU MENENTI, M RITCHIE, JC AF MENENTI, M RITCHIE, JC TI ESTIMATION OF EFFECTIVE AERODYNAMIC ROUGHNESS OF WALNUT GULCH WATERSHED WITH LASER ALTIMETER MEASUREMENTS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX TERRAIN; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CANOPY; FLOW; PARAMETERIZATION; TOPOGRAPHY; SURFACES; COTTON; DRAG AB A new method to estimate the effective aerodynamic roughness of a complex landscape is presented. High-resolution elevation profiles measured with an airbome laser altimeter have been used to compute geometrical parameters of three landscape elements of the Walnut Gulch experimental watershed, Arizona. Mean crop height, its standard deviation, and the frequency distribution (as a function of penetration depth) of plant elements hit by the laser beam have been calculated for short segments (1 m) measured over intervening grass between shrubs. Longer segments have been applied to obtain the mean height and spacing of taller shrubs and trees. Finally, laser profiles covering the entire watershed gave the mean amplitude and wavelength of hillocks and ridges. The aerodynamic roughness length of the intervening grass is estimated using the ratio of standard deviation to vegetation height, corrected for instrument noise, times mean height. An effective roughness length which parameterizes the total stress due to grass and taller shrubs and trees is calculated first. Finally, a watershed-scale effective roughness length is calculated combining the amplitude and wavelength of hillocks and ridges with the roughness length obtained in the previous step. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HYDROSPHER PROC LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP MENENTI, M (reprint author), DLO,WINAND STARING CTR INTEGRATED LAND SOIL & WATER RES,AGR RES DEPT,MARIJKEWEG 11-22,POB 125,6700 AC WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. OI Menenti, Massimo/0000-0001-9176-4556 NR 35 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1329 EP 1337 DI 10.1029/93WR03055 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700012 ER PT J AU MORAN, MS KUSTAS, WP VIDAL, A STANNARD, DI BLANFORD, JH NICHOLS, WD AF MORAN, MS KUSTAS, WP VIDAL, A STANNARD, DI BLANFORD, JH NICHOLS, WD TI USE OF GROUND-BASED REMOTELY-SENSED DATA FOR SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE EVALUATION OF A SEMIARID RANGELAND SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STATION METEOROLOGICAL DATA; LATENT-HEAT FLUX; NET-RADIATION; EDDY-CORRELATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; EVAPORATION; CALIBRATION; WHEAT; RATIO AB An interdisciplinary field experiment was conducted to study the water and energy balance of a semiarid rangeland watershed in southeast Arizona during the summer of 1990. Two subwatersheds, one grass dominated and the other shrub dominated, were selected for intensive study with ground-based remote sensing systems and hydrometeorological instrumentation. Surface energy balance was evaluated at both sites using direct and indirect measurements of the turbulent fluxes (eddy correlation, variance, and Bowen ratio methods) and using an aerodynamic approach based on remote measurements of surface reflectance and temperature and conventional meteorological information. Estimates of net radiant flux density (R(n)), derived from measurements of air temperature, incoming solar radiation, and surface temperature and radiance compared well with values measured using a net radiometer (mean absolute difference (MAD) congruent-to 50 W/m2 over a range from 115 to 670 W/m2). Soil heat flux density (G) was estimated using a relation between G/R(n) and a spectral vegetation index computed from the red and near-infrared surface reflectance. These G estimates compared well with conventional measurements of G using buried soil heat flux plates (MAD congruent-to 20 W/m2 over a range from - 13 to 213 W/m2). In order to account for the effects of sparse vegetation, semiempirical adjustments to the single-layer bulk aerodynamic resistance approach were required for evaluation of sensible heat flux density (H). This yielded differences between measurements and remote estimates of H of approximately 33 W/m2 over a range from 13 to 303 W/m2. The resulting estimates of latent heat flux density, LE, were of the same magnitude and trend as measured values; however, a significant scatter was still observed: MAD congruent-to 40 W/M2 over a range from 0 to 340 W/m2. Because LE was solved as a residual, there was a cumulative effect of errors associated with remote estimates of R(n), G, and H. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,SCH RENEWABLE NAT RESOURCES,TUCSON,AZ 85721. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,CARSON CITY,NV 89701. CEMAGREF,ENGREF,REMOTE SENSING LAB,F-34033 MONTPELLIER,FRANCE. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,DENVER,CO 80225. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MORAN, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. RI Vidal, Alain/A-3986-2009 NR 45 TC 74 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1339 EP 1349 DI 10.1029/93WR03064 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700013 ER PT J AU KUSTAS, WP BLANFORD, JH STANNARD, DI DAUGHTRY, CST NICHOLS, WD WELTZ, MA AF KUSTAS, WP BLANFORD, JH STANNARD, DI DAUGHTRY, CST NICHOLS, WD WELTZ, MA TI LOCAL ENERGY FLUX ESTIMATES FOR UNSTABLE CONDITIONS USING VARIANCE DATA IN SEMIARID RANGELANDS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LATENT-HEAT FLUX; EDDY-CORRELATION; SURFACE-LAYER; SENSIBLE HEAT; TEMPERATURE; TERRAIN; FLUCTUATIONS; EXCHANGE; SYSTEM; MODEL AB A network of meteorological stations was installed during the Monsoon '90 field campaign in the Walnut Gulch experimental watershed. The study area has a fairly complex surface. The vegetation cover is heterogeneous and sparse, and the terrain is mildly hilly, but dissected by ephemeral channels. Besides measurement of some of the standard weather data such as wind speed, air temperature, and solar radiation, these sites also contained instruments for estimating the local surface energy balance. The approach utilized measurements of net radiation (R(n)), soil heat flux (G) and Monin-Obukhov similarity theory applied to first- and second-order turbulent statistics of wind speed and temperature for determining the sensible heat flux (H). The latent heat flux (LE) was solved as a residual in the surface energy balance equation, namely, LE = -(R(n) + G + H). This procedure (VAR-RESID) for estimating the energy fluxes satisfied monetary constraints and the requirement for low maintenance and continued operation through the harsh environmental conditions experienced in semiarid regions. Comparison of energy fluxes using this approach with more traditional eddy correlation techniques showed differences were within 20% under unstable conditions. Similar variability in flux estimates over the study area was present in the eddy correlation data. Hence, estimates of H and LE using the VAR-RESID approach under unstable conditions were considered satisfactory. Also, with second-order statistics of vertical velocity collected at several sites, the local momentum roughness length was estimated. This is an important parameter used in, modeling the turbulent transfer of momentum and sensible heat fluxes across the surface-atmosphere interface. C1 UNIV ARIZONA, INST ATMOSPHER PHYS, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, DIV WATER RESOURCES, CARSON CITY, NV 89701 USA. USDA ARS, SW WATERSHED RES CTR, TUCSON, AZ 85719 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, DIV WATER RESOURCES, LAKEWOOD, CO 80225 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, REMOTE SENSING LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, HYDROL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 43 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1351 EP 1361 DI 10.1029/93WR03084 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700014 ER PT J AU HUMES, KS KUSTAS, WP MORAN, MS AF HUMES, KS KUSTAS, WP MORAN, MS TI USE OF REMOTE-SENSING AND REFERENCE SITE MEASUREMENTS TO ESTIMATE INSTANTANEOUS SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE COMPONENTS OVER A SEMIARID RANGELAND WATERSHED SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOIL HEAT-FLUX; THERMAL-INFRARED DATA; NET-RADIATION; WHEAT CANOPY; NOAA-AVHRR; TEMPERATURE; EVAPORATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE AB A primary motivation for using remotely sensed data to estimate components of the surface energy balance is to quantify surface energy fluxes in a spatially distributed manner over various spatial scales. However, all models which utilize remotely sensed data to estimate surface fluxes also require input variables and parameters which cannot be estimated on a spatially distributed basis with remotely sensed data. In this analysis, data from the Monsoon '90 experiment were used to evaluate the limitations in spatially extending a relatively simple energy balance model with remotely sensed data over a semiarid rangeland watershed. Using one ground-based meteorological and flux station as a reference site, aircraft-based remotely sensed data (surface temperatures and reflectances) were used to compute energy balance components for seven other locations within the watershed. The results indicated that for clear sky conditions, all components of the surface energy balance could be estimated to within approximately the same level of uncertainty with which the fluxes were measured with ground-based flux instrumentation. However, under partly cloudy conditions the variability in incoming solar radiation across the watershed significantly degraded the estimation of distributed values of net radiation (R(net)). If ground-based estimates of incoming solar radiation are used to calculate R(net) from remotely sensed data, then the spatial extent over which that measurement is valid limits the area over which accurate spatially distributed values of R(net) can be estimated. Additionally, the results of sensitivity analyses indicate that the level of uncertainty to which the roughness length for momentum, or z0m, is typically known for spatially distributed values in an area of naturally variable vegetation can give rise to significant uncertainties in the estimation of sensible heat flux. For areas where the spatial variation in roughness parameters is of the order of several centimeters, the error associated with assuming constant values for the roughness length for momentum is similar in size to the errors associated with temperature variations of the order of several degrees. In order to utilize radiometric temperatures to reliably estimate spatially distributed values of sensible heat flux, techniques such as those explored by Menenti and Ritchie (this issue) are needed to provide spatially distributed information on surface roughness parameters. C1 USDA ARS, US WATER CONSERVAT LAB, PHOENIX, AZ 85040 USA. RP USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BLDG 7,ROOM 104, BARC W, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 37 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1363 EP 1373 DI 10.1029/93WR03082 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700015 ER PT J AU PINKER, RT KUSTAS, WP LASZLO, I MORAN, MS HUETE, AR AF PINKER, RT KUSTAS, WP LASZLO, I MORAN, MS HUETE, AR TI BASIN-SCALE SOLAR IRRADIANCE ESTIMATES IN SEMIARID REGIONS USING GOES 7 SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; SURFACE; RADIATION AB Semiarid regions exhibit large temporal and spatial variability in surface conditions and, therefore, pose a challenge for estimating components of the surface energy budget. In particular, it is difficult to estimate the evapotranspiration component of the hydrological cycle. Because evapotranspiration is strongly controlled by absorbed solar radiation, an attempt has been made here to evaluate the accuracy at which the downward shortwave irradiance (SW down) can be estimated from satellites on basin scale. It was demonstrated that even under highly variable cloud conditions, satellite estimates of SW down daily means were within 10% of measured values, while 5-day means were within 3% of measured values. Such accuracies are of relevance for hydrological modeling at watershed and basin scales. C1 USDA ARS, US WATER CONSERVAT LAB, PHOENIX, AZ 85040 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, HYDROL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. UNIV ARIZONA, DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. RP PINKER, RT (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT METEOROL, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Pinker, Rachel/F-6565-2010; Huete, Alfredo/C-1294-2008 OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Huete, Alfredo/0000-0003-2809-2376 NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1375 EP 1386 DI 10.1029/93WR03059 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700016 ER PT J AU HIPPS, LE SWIATEK, E KUSTAS, WP AF HIPPS, LE SWIATEK, E KUSTAS, WP TI INTERACTIONS BETWEEN REGIONAL SURFACE FLUXES AND THE ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER OVER A HETEROGENEOUS WATERSHED SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MIXED-LAYER; EVAPORATION; TERRAIN AB The interactions between surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat and the properties of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) were studied for the Walnut Gulch watershed. The properties of the ABL were estimated from radiosonde measurements. Application of integrated simplified conservation equations resulted in estimates of regional fluxes that were greatly different from surface values, and often had the wrong sign. A simple modification was made to the equations, based upon the temporal changes in temperature and humidity above the ABL, assuming that such changes resulted from horizontal advection. Subsidence was assumed to be insignificant. Application of the new integrated conservation equations resulted in a dramatic improvement in the regional flux estimates. Such estimates were reasonably close to the surface measurements. Spatial variations in surface energy balance which resulted from the convective rain events affected only the properties of the lower 15 m of the atmosphere. The length scale of variations in surface moisture of about 10 km was not sufficient to affect the regional scale processes. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HIPPS, LE (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANTS SOILS & BIOMETEOROL,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. OI Hipps, Lawrence/0000-0002-7658-8571 NR 18 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1387 EP 1392 DI 10.1029/93WR03081 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700017 ER PT J AU GOODRICH, DC SCHMUGGE, TJ JACKSON, TJ UNKRICH, CL KEEFER, TO PARRY, R BACH, LB AMER, SA AF GOODRICH, DC SCHMUGGE, TJ JACKSON, TJ UNKRICH, CL KEEFER, TO PARRY, R BACH, LB AMER, SA TI RUNOFF SIMULATION SENSITIVITY TO REMOTELY-SENSED INITIAL SOIL-WATER CONTENT SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOISTURE; SYSTEM; MODEL AB A variety of aircraft remotely sensed and conventional ground-based measurements of volumetric soil water content (SW) were made over two subwatersheds (4.4 and 631 ha) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service Walnut Gulch experimental watershed during the 1990 monsoon season. Spatially distributed soil water contents estimated remotely from the NASA push broom microwave radiometer (PBMR), an Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics (IRE) multifrequency radiometer, and three ground-based point methods were used to define prestorm initial SW for a distributed rainfall-runoff model (KINEROS; Woolhiser et al., 1990) at a small catchment scale (4.4 ha). At a medium catchment scale (631 ha or 6.31 km2) spatially distributed PBMR SW data were aggregated via stream order reduction. The impacts of the various spatial averages of SW on runoff simulations are discussed and are compared to runoff simulations using SW estimates derived from a simple daily water balance model. It was found that at the small catchment scale the SW data obtained from any of the measurement methods could be used to obtain reasonable runoff predictions. At the medium catchment scale, a basin-wide remotely sensed average of initial water content was sufficient for runoff simulations. This has important implications for the possible use of satellite-based microwave soil moisture data to define prestorm SW because the low spatial resolutions of such sensors may not seriously impact runoff simulations under the conditions examined. However, at both the small and medium basin scale, adequate resources must be devoted to proper definition of the input rainfall to achieve reasonable runoff simulations. C1 US FOREST SERV,PENDLETON,OR 97801. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP GOODRICH, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 30 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1393 EP 1405 DI 10.1029/93WR03083 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700018 ER PT J AU PI, ZZ HJELMFELT, AT AF PI, ZZ HJELMFELT, AT TI HYBRID FINITE ANALYTIC SOLUTION OF LATERAL SUBSURFACE FLOW SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STORM FLOW AB A hybrid finite analytic method, a numerical technique, was used to solve lateral subsurface storm flow described by the extended Dupuit-Forchheimer equation. In subregions the local linearized one-dimensional Dupuit-Forchheimer equation was solved analytically in space and discretized in time by a simple difference formula. This is called a hybrid finite analytic approach. The system of algebraic equations obtained by the hybrid finite analytic approach can approximately preserve the overall nonlinear effect because the term (partial derivativeH/partial derivativeX)2 and the coefficient of diffusion are treated as constants only in the local regions. A four-point numerical formula can provide results that are stable and acceptably accurate without complex calculation and without small time steps. The comparison between steady state profiles of the water table provided by this study with profiles provided by previous investigations shows that the method performs very well in the analysis of lateral subsurface storm flow. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP PI, ZZ (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1471 EP 1478 DI 10.1029/94WR00074 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700024 ER PT J AU KUSTAS, WP RANGO, A UIJLENHOET, R AF KUSTAS, WP RANGO, A UIJLENHOET, R TI A SIMPLE ENERGY BUDGET ALGORITHM FOR THE SNOWMELT RUNOFF MODEL SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LONG-WAVE-RADIATION; SOLAR-RADIATION; MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN; INCOMING RADIATION; EARTHS ATMOSPHERE; ALPINE REGION; SIERRA-NEVADA; SURFACE; CLIMATE; PARAMETERIZATION AB The snowmelt runoff model (SRM) uses a degree-day approach for melting snow in a basin. A simple radiation component was combined with the degree-day approach (restricted degree-day method) in an effort to improve estimates of snowmelt and reduce the need to adjust the melt factor over the ablation season. A daily energy balance model was formulated that requires not only the input of radiation but also measurements of daily wind speed, air temperature, and relative humidity. The three approaches for computing snowmelt, namely, the degree-day, restricted degree-day, and daily energy balance model were tested at the local scale by comparing melt rates with lysimeter outflow measurements. Because radiation measurements are not often available, a simple model for simulating shortwave and longwave components of the radiation balance that requires minimal information (i.e., daily cloud cover estimates, air temperature, and relative humidity) was developed It was found that clouds and their effects on daily insolation at the surface can produce significant differences between measured and model estimates. In the comparisons of snowmelt estimates with the lysimeter outflow, the restricted degree-day method yielded melt rates that were in better agreement with the observed outflow than the degree-day method and were practically the same as estimates given by the energy balance model. A sensitivity analysis of runoff generated with SRM using as input the local snowmelt computations given by the three models and measured outflow from the lysimeter was performed for a basin. A comparison of the synthetic hydrographs for the basin suggests that a radiation-based snowmelt factor may improve runoff predictions at the basin scale. C1 AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,DEPT WATER RESOURCES,6700 HB WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. RP KUSTAS, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Uijlenhoet, Remko/0000-0001-7418-4445 NR 72 TC 119 Z9 126 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1515 EP 1527 DI 10.1029/94WR00152 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700028 ER PT J AU LARSON, BA AF LARSON, BA TI CHANGING THE ECONOMICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN MADAGASCAR - LESSONS FROM THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN PROCESS SO WORLD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID RIGHTS; LAND AB This paper examines the economic logic and implicit assumptions used to develop and support the National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) process in Madagascar. The study focuses on three key issues: how were the costs of the main environmental problems identified and estimated; what underlying factors were identified as causing these problems; and how is the NEAP implementation strategy designed to change these underlying factors. The most difficult tasks for NEAPs will continue to be identifying the key specific underlying factors causing the problem and determining which of these factors are actually feasible for a NEAP process to change. The analysis of the Madagascar NEAP makes clear that key environmental problems are driven by land use decisions of large numbers of geographically dispersed rural and urban inhabitants. These problems are not easy or even feasible targets for specific ''environmental'' policy changes. If this is the case, as it seems to be in Madagascar, then it is perhaps unrealistic to hope that NEAPs as constituted can provide a framework for both understanding and alleviating a country's key environmental problems. C1 WINROCK INT INST INT DEV,CTR ECON POLICY STUDIES,MORRILTON,AR. RP LARSON, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-750X J9 WORLD DEV JI World Dev. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 22 IS 5 BP 671 EP 689 DI 10.1016/0305-750X(94)90043-4 PG 19 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA NV622 UT WOS:A1994NV62200001 ER PT J AU WOLLENWEBER, E DORR, M ROITMAN, JN ARRIAGAGINER, FJ AF WOLLENWEBER, E DORR, M ROITMAN, JN ARRIAGAGINER, FJ TI TRITERPENES AND A NOVEL NATURAL XANTHONE AS LIPOPHILIC GLANDULAR PRODUCTS IN HYPERICUM-BALEARICUM SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Note DE HYPERICUM BALEARICUM; GUTTIFERAE; GLANDULAR PRODUCTS; TRITERPENES; NOVEL XANTHONE AB Leaves and young twigs of Hypericum balearicum L. exhibit lipophilic glandular products that can be recovered by rinsing green aerial parts with acetone. Major components of the resinous material are the triterpenes lupeone and lupeol. The intensely yellow colour of the acetone solution is due to a novel natural product, identified as 1,2,5-trihydroxyxanthone. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. TABACALERA SA,CTR INVEST & DESARROLLO,E-28012 MADRID,SPAIN. RP WOLLENWEBER, E (reprint author), TH DARMSTADT,INST BOT,SCHNITTSPAHNSTR 3,D-64287 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 49 IS 5-6 BP 393 EP 394 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA NU974 UT WOS:A1994NU97400017 ER PT J AU HIDIROGLOU, N CAMILO, ME BECKENHAUER, HC TUMA, DJ BARAK, AJ NIXON, PF SELHUB, J AF HIDIROGLOU, N CAMILO, ME BECKENHAUER, HC TUMA, DJ BARAK, AJ NIXON, PF SELHUB, J TI EFFECT OF CHRONIC ALCOHOL INGESTION ON HEPATIC FOLATE DISTRIBUTION IN THE RAT SO BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ETHANOL; ACETALDEHYDE; FOLATE; FOLATE ANALYSIS; RATS ID AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FOLIC-ACID; ETHANOL; LIVER; EXCRETION; TISSUES; METHYLTRANSFERASE; DERIVATIVES; DEFICIENCY AB The mechanism by which ethanol impairs folate metabolism remains uncertain. In the present study, we used our new technique (affinity/HPLC) for folate analysis to study the effect of chronic alcohol ingestion on the content and distribution of folates in livers. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats (180 g) were divided into two groups, and fed for 4 weeks with Lieber-DeCarli semi-liquid isocaloric diets, with and without 5% ethanol. Livers were extracted in boiling, pH 9.3 berate buffers containing ascorbate/dithioerythritol. Folates in the supernatant fractions were purified by affinity chromatography and analyzed using ion pair high performance liquid chromatography. The data obtained showed that hepatic folate distribution in alcohol-treated rats differed from that of control animals in two ways. Livers from the ethanol-fed rats, when compared with those from control rats, exhibited increases in the percent concentrations of methylated tetrahydrofolates (21.46 +/- 2.21 vs 14.8 +/- 1.23), decreases in the percent concentrations of formylated tetrahydrofolates (25.62 +/- 4.02 vs 46.18 +/- 2.65) and higher concentrations of unsubstituted tetrahydrofolates (52.91 +/- 3.84 vs 38.88 +/- 2.50). In addition, alcohol ingestion was associated with longer glutamate chains of the folate molecules, characterized by lower relative concentrations of pentaglutamyl folates (29 vs 48%), and higher relative concentrations of hexa-and heptaglutamyl folates (55 vs 46% and 15 vs 6%) when compared with controls. The data are discussed in relation to the possibility that alcohol exerts its effect through: (1) inhibition of B12-dependent methyl transfer from methyltetrahydrofolate to homocysteine; (2) diversion of formylated tetrahydrofolates toward serine synthesis; and (3) interaction of acetaldehyde with tetrahydrofolates, thereby interfering with folate coenzyme metabolism. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,LIVER STUDY & ALCOHOL RES CTR,OMAHA,NE 68105. UNIV QUEENSLAND,DEPT BIOCHEM,BRISBANE,QLD 4072,AUSTRALIA. RI Nixon, Peter/K-4556-2015 NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0006-2952 J9 BIOCHEM PHARMACOL JI Biochem. Pharmacol. PD APR 29 PY 1994 VL 47 IS 9 BP 1561 EP 1566 DI 10.1016/0006-2952(94)90532-0 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA NK696 UT WOS:A1994NK69600013 PM 8185668 ER PT J AU NOGATA, Y OHTA, H YOZA, KI BERHOW, M HASEGAWA, S AF NOGATA, Y OHTA, H YOZA, KI BERHOW, M HASEGAWA, S TI HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF NATURALLY-OCCURRING FLAVONOIDS IN CITRUS WITH A PHOTODIODE-ARRAY DETECTOR SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article ID ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; TUMOR PROMOTION; ORANGE JUICE; NARINGIN; QUANTITATION; BITTERNESS; INHIBITION; METABOLISM; QUERCETIN AB High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry using a photodiode-array detector was used as a routine method for the simultaneous separation and determination of 25 naturally occurring Citrus flavonoids. The separation system consisted of a C-18 reversed-phase column, a gradient system of 0.01 M phosphoric acid (A) and methanol (B), and a photodiode-array detector. Each of the 25 flavonoids was eluted from the column with a gradient system composed of three periods: (1) 0-55 min, 70-55% (v/v) A in B, (2) 55-95 min, 55-0% A in B, and (3) 95-100 min, isocratic, 100% B, and quantified by spectrophotometric detection at 285 nm. Identifications of specific flavonoids were made by comparing their retention times (t(R)) and UV spectra with those of standards. The relative standard deviations of t(R) values were 0.029-0.321%. The recoveries of pure eriocitrin, naringin, hesperidin and tangeretin added to tissues prepared from Unshiu (Citrus unshiu Marc.) and Hirado-buntan (Citrus grandis Osbeck f. Hirado) and subsequent extraction were 97.47-103.13% from the mesocarp and 96.87-104.93% from the juice with standard deviations of 2.32-5.72% and 2.18-5.96%, respectively. C1 MINIST AGR FORESTRY & FISHERIES,CHUGOKU NATL AGR EXPT STN,FUKUYAMA,HIROSHIMA 721,JAPAN. USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,PASADENA,CA 91106. NR 30 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD APR 29 PY 1994 VL 667 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(94)89051-X PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA NL080 UT WOS:A1994NL08000007 ER PT J AU SIMMS, PJ HICKS, KB HAINES, RM HOTCHKISS, AT OSMAN, SF AF SIMMS, PJ HICKS, KB HAINES, RM HOTCHKISS, AT OSMAN, SF TI SEPARATION OF LACTOSE, LACTOBIONIC ACID AND LACTOBIONOLACTONE BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; OLIGOGALACTURONIC ACIDS; ASCORBIC-ACID; URONIC-ACIDS; EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; ORGANIC-ACIDS; PHASE COLUMNS; OXIDATION; DEGRADATION; SACCHARIDES AB Complete separation of the three title compounds has been achieved for the first time on either a beta-cyclodextrin- or an aminopropyl-silica gel-bonded-phase HPLC column eluted with acetonitrile-aqueous buffer mixtures. An HPLC system using either of these stationary phases and a refractive index detector directly quantified lactose, lactobionic acid and lactobionolactone at levels between 0.3 and 40 mu g of analyte per injection. Simple separations of lactose and lactobionic acid were also readily accomplished on a calcium-form cation-exchange type column eluted with 1.2 mM CaSO4 solution. These methods are useful for monitoring the chemical or enzymatic conversion of lactose into the valuable derivatives, lactobionic acid and lactobionolactone. C1 USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD APR 29 PY 1994 VL 667 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(94)89052-8 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA NL080 UT WOS:A1994NL08000008 ER PT J AU BROWN, F AF BROWN, F TI THE LEEUWENHOEK LECTURE, 1993 - PEPTIDE VACCINES - DREAM OR REALITY SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; T-CELL DETERMINANTS; SYNTHETIC IMMUNOGEN; B-CELL; EPITOPE; VACCINATION; RESOLUTION; SPF66 AB Small fragments of micro-organisms which elicit protective immune responses have now been identified for several disease-causing agents. This major advance has made it possible to envisage the chemical synthesis of vaccines which could replace those in current use and may also furnish products which cannot be made by traditional methods. In my lecture I will illustrate the principles involved by describing the advances made with synthetic vaccines for foot-and-mouth disease, hepatitis B and malaria. C1 YALE UNIV,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. RP BROWN, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1Y 5AG SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. PD APR 29 PY 1994 VL 344 IS 1308 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1098/rstb.1994.0062 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA NM571 UT WOS:A1994NM57100005 PM 7521966 ER PT J AU LASZLO, JA DINTZIS, FR AF LASZLO, JA DINTZIS, FR TI CROP RESIDUES AS ION-EXCHANGE MATERIALS - TREATMENT OF SOYBEAN HULL AND SUGAR-BEET FIBER (PULP) WITH EPICHLOROHYDRIN TO IMPROVE CATION-EXCHANGE CAPACITY AND PHYSICAL STABILITY SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALLS AB Ion exchange systems for the treatment of process water or wastewater may benefit by the use of inexpensive, disposable exchange materials before, or in place of, conventional regenerable exchange resins. Various agricultural by-products have been proposed as suitable exchangers for this role, but they generally fail to have adequate capacity and physical stability for most applications. Two by-products, soybean hull and sugar beet fiber, were found to have enhanced cation-exchange capacity and stability upon treatment with epichlorohydrin and base. Exchange capacity was determined by measuring calcium binding. Physical stability was judged by three different aqueous extraction regimens. The most efficacious and economical reaction conditions found were: soybean hull and sugar beet fiber hydrated with water at a water-to-solids ratio of 6.4 : 1 and 8 : 1 (v/w), respectively, and epichlorohydrin applied at a 0.3 : 1 (v/w) ratio, for 6 h at room temperature. The resultant cross-linked materials had cation-exchange capacities of approximately 0.9 (soybean hull) and 1.3 (sugar beet fiber) meq/g dry weight. These epichlorohydrin-treated agricultural by-products may serve as cost-effective, multivalent-cation exchangers. (C) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP LASZLO, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD APR 25 PY 1994 VL 52 IS 4 BP 531 EP 538 DI 10.1002/app.1994.070520408 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA NB986 UT WOS:A1994NB98600008 ER PT J AU MASSMAN, WJ PEDERSON, J DELANY, A GRANTZ, D DENHARTOG, G NEUMANN, HH ONCLEY, SP PEARSON, R SHAW, RH AF MASSMAN, WJ PEDERSON, J DELANY, A GRANTZ, D DENHARTOG, G NEUMANN, HH ONCLEY, SP PEARSON, R SHAW, RH TI AN EVALUATION OF THE REGIONAL ACID DEPOSITION MODEL SURFACE MODULE FOR OZONE UPTAKE AT 3 SITES IN THE SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY OF CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID FLUX-GRADIENT RELATIONSHIPS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; DRY DEPOSITION; PLANT; HEAT; TEMPERATURE; MOMENTUM; LAYER; NO2 AB Plants and soils act as major sinks for the destruction of tropospheric ozone, especially during daylight hours when plant stomata open and are thought to provide the dominant pathway for the uptake of ozone. The present study, part of the California Ozone Deposition Experiment, compares predictions of the regional acid deposition model ozone surface conductance module with surface conductance data derived from eddy covariance measurements of ozone flux taken at a grape, a cotton, and a grassland site in the San Joaquin Valley of California during the summer of 1991. Results indicate that the model (which was developed to provide long-term large-area estimates for the eastern United States) significantly overpredicts the surface conductance at all times of the day tor at least two important types of plant cover of the San Joaquin Valley and that it incorrectly partitions the ozone flux between transpiring and nontranspiring components of the surface at the third site. Consequently, the model either overpredicts or inaccurately represents the observed deposition velocities. Other results indicate that the presence of dew does not reduce the rate of ozone deposition, contradicting to model assumptions, and that model assumptions involving the dependency of stomata upon environmental temperature are unnecessary. The effects of measurement errors and biases, arising from the presence of the roughness sublayer and possible photochemical reactions, are also discussed. A simpler model for ozone surface deposition (at least for the San Joaquin Valley) is proposed and evaluated. C1 CALIF AIR RESOURCES BOARD, SACRAMENTO, CA USA. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. UNIV CALIF, KEARNEY AGR CTR, PARLIER, CA USA. ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV, DOWNSVIEW, ON, CANADA. NASA, AMES RES CTR, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT LAND AIR & WATER RESOURCES, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. RP MASSMAN, WJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, FT COLLINS, CO USA. NR 41 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D4 BP 8281 EP 8294 DI 10.1029/93JD03267 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NH263 UT WOS:A1994NH26300020 ER PT J AU ALBAUGH, GP RAO, DD SMITH, JC AF ALBAUGH, GP RAO, DD SMITH, JC TI DEVELOPMENT OF HEP G2 CELLS AS A MODEL FOR TRACE MINERAL DEPENDENT GENE-EXPRESSION IN HUMAN LIVER SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 19 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 7 BP A1397 EP A1397 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA NH516 UT WOS:A1994NH51601020 ER PT J AU ALLEN, PC AF ALLEN, PC TI PLASMA NITRITE INCREASES DURING CECAL COCCIDIOSIS IN CHICKENS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 19 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 7 BP A1415 EP A1415 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA NH516 UT WOS:A1994NH51601123 ER PT J AU BANKS, MA PETERS, RC BERLIN, E AF BANKS, MA PETERS, RC BERLIN, E TI PURIFICATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF VITAMIN-E BINDING-PROTEINS FROM RAT AND MINIATURE SWINE HEART CYTOSOL SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 19 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 7 BP A1353 EP A1353 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA NH516 UT WOS:A1994NH51600766 ER PT J AU CLANCY, KM AUGUSTIN, S VALAITIS, AP AF CLANCY, KM AUGUSTIN, S VALAITIS, AP TI COMPARISON OF THE MAJOR MIDGUT PROTEINASES OF LABORATORY-REARED AND FIELD-COLLECTED WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ. NE FOREST EXPT STN,DELAWARE,OH. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 19 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 7 BP A1369 EP A1369 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA NH516 UT WOS:A1994NH51600858 ER PT J AU EHRLICH, KC CHANG, PK BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE AF EHRLICH, KC CHANG, PK BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE TI PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AN AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS REGULATORY PROTEIN EXPRESSED IN ESCHERICHIA-COLI SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. TULANE UNIV,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 19 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 7 BP A1333 EP A1333 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA NH516 UT WOS:A1994NH51600648 ER PT J AU HALLING, SM BRICKER, BJ AF HALLING, SM BRICKER, BJ TI SEQUENCE OF AN OPEN READING FRAME OF BRUCELLA-ABORTUS WITH SEQUENCE SIMILARITY TO 2 FLAGELLIN GENES OF RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ARES,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 19 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 7 BP A1453 EP A1453 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA NH516 UT WOS:A1994NH51601347 ER PT J AU HERMAN, EM PUEYO, JJ CHRISPEELS, MJ AF HERMAN, EM PUEYO, JJ CHRISPEELS, MJ TI QUALITY-CONTROL OF A SEED STORAGE PROTEIN WITH A DESTABILIZING EPITOPE OCCURS IN THE POST-ER SECRETORY SYSTEM SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UCSD,DEPT BIOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 93106. RI Pueyo, Jose/D-8993-2016 OI Pueyo, Jose/0000-0003-0337-4078 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 19 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 7 BP A1360 EP A1360 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA NH516 UT WOS:A1994NH51600802 ER PT J AU HIREMATH, S LEHTOMA, K AF HIREMATH, S LEHTOMA, K TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GENE ENCODING THE LARGE SUBUNIT OF VITELLOGENIN FROM THE GYPSY-MOTH (LYMANTRIA-DISPAR) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,DELAWARE,OH 43015. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 19 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 7 BP A1441 EP A1441 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA NH516 UT WOS:A1994NH51601277 ER PT J AU KALINSKI, A ROWLEY, DL HERMAN, EM AF KALINSKI, A ROWLEY, DL HERMAN, EM TI BIP EXPRESSION IN SOYBEAN PLANTS IS TEMPORALLY, DEVELOPMENTALLY AND STRESS REGULATED SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 19 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 7 BP A1335 EP A1335 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA NH516 UT WOS:A1994NH51600660 ER PT J AU KEUDELL, K HUANG, JK KLOPFENSTEIN, W BAGBY, MO PLATTNER, RD LANSER, AC PETERSON, RE WEISLEDER, D AF KEUDELL, K HUANG, JK KLOPFENSTEIN, W BAGBY, MO PLATTNER, RD LANSER, AC PETERSON, RE WEISLEDER, D TI INDUCTION OF BENZO[C]CINNOLINE-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID BY 12-HYDROXYSTEARIC ACID IN A PSEUDOMONAS STRAIN SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WESTERN ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT BIOL,MACOMB,IL 61455. WESTERN ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MACOMB,IL 61455. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 19 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 7 BP A1469 EP A1469 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA NH516 UT WOS:A1994NH51601440 ER PT J AU KING, G BROWN, EM AF KING, G BROWN, EM TI COMPUTER-MODEL OF A BOVINE TYPE-I COLLAGEN MICROFIBRIL SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 19 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 7 BP A1296 EP A1296 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA NH516 UT WOS:A1994NH51600432 ER PT J AU MALAYERI, M ALBAUGH, G DAVIS, R NAIR, PP AF MALAYERI, M ALBAUGH, G DAVIS, R NAIR, PP TI CLONING OF THE INSULIN-RECEPTOR GENE FROM EXFOLIATED COLONIC EPITHELIAL-CELLS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. UNIV MARYLAND,COLL PK,MD 20740. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 19 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 7 BP A1363 EP A1363 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA NH516 UT WOS:A1994NH51600821 ER PT J AU NAIR, PP SHAMI, S LOHANI, A SALATA, K AF NAIR, PP SHAMI, S LOHANI, A SALATA, K TI EXFOLIATED COLONIC EPITHELIAL-CELLS EXHIBIT CELLULAR CYTOTOXICITY TOWARDS LS-180 COLON ADENOCARCINOMA CELLS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 19 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 7 BP A1453 EP A1453 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA NH516 UT WOS:A1994NH51601342 ER PT J AU PERERA, I LI, XH HERMAN, EM SZE, H AF PERERA, I LI, XH HERMAN, EM SZE, H TI MULTIGENE FAMILY ENCODING THE 16 KD PROTEOLIPID OF VACUOLAR H+-ATPASES ON ENDOMEMBRANES FROM PLANTS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 19 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 7 BP A1456 EP A1456 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA NH516 UT WOS:A1994NH51601359 ER PT J AU PHILLIPPY, BQ AF PHILLIPPY, BQ TI IDENTIFICATION OF ADENOSINE-TRIPHOSPHATE KINASE IN IMMATURE SOYBEAN SEEDS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 19 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 7 BP A1300 EP A1300 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA NH516 UT WOS:A1994NH51600458 ER PT J AU SWEGLE, M BOOIJ, I ELICH, TD EDELMAN, M MATTOO, AK AF SWEGLE, M BOOIJ, I ELICH, TD EDELMAN, M MATTOO, AK TI IN-VITRO STUDIES ON MEMBRANE-ASSOCIATED PHOTOSYSTEM-II REACTION-CENTER D1-KINASE AND PHOSPHATASE USING A COUPLED 2-STEP ASSAY SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOL BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 19 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 7 BP A1237 EP A1237 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA NH516 UT WOS:A1994NH51600096 ER PT J AU VALAITIS, AP AF VALAITIS, AP TI DISTRIBUTION AND PROPERTIES OF MIDGUT DIGESTIVE PROTEINASES IN THE GYPSY-MOTH SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DELAWARE,OH 43015. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 19 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 7 BP A1370 EP A1370 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA NH516 UT WOS:A1994NH51600859 ER PT J AU TREES, AJ GUY, F LOW, JC ROBERTS, L BUXTON, D DUBEY, JP AF TREES, AJ GUY, F LOW, JC ROBERTS, L BUXTON, D DUBEY, JP TI SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE IMPLICATING NEOSPORA SPECIES AS A CAUSE OF ABORTION IN BRITISH CATTLE SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID DAIRY-CATTLE; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; DOGS; CALF AB By means of an immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), using in vitro cultured parasites as antigen, antibodies to Neospora species at titres greater than or equal to 1/1280 were found in 11 of 120 Scottish cattle that had recently aborted but in only one of 97 cattle from herds in which there had been no recent abortions (P<0.01). The specificity of the antibodies was confirmed by the lack of cross reactivity between samples with high titres to Neospora and toxoplasma antigen in a direct agglutination test, and by the absence of reactivity at greater than or equal to 1/640 in the IFAT of convalescent sera from cattle infected experimentally with Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis cruzi, Eimeria bovis, E alabamensis, Cryptosporidiurn parvum and Babesia divergens. These results demonstrate that Neospora species infection occurs commonly in aborting cattle in Britain, and that the IFAT may be a useful tool for investigating the infection. C1 SCOTTISH AGR COLL,VET SERV,PENICUIK EH26 0QE,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. SCOTTISH AGR COLL,VET SERV,BUCKSBURN AB2 9TS,ABERDEEN,SCOTLAND. MOREDUN RES INST,EDINBURGH EH17 7JH,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP TREES, AJ (reprint author), UNIV LIVERPOOL,LIVERPOOL SCH TROP MED,PEMBROKE PL,LIVERPOOL L3 5QA,MERSEYSIDE,ENGLAND. NR 14 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 4 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD APR 16 PY 1994 VL 134 IS 16 BP 405 EP 407 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NH159 UT WOS:A1994NH15900002 PM 8036769 ER PT J AU WESTAWAY, D ZULIANI, V COOPER, CM DACOSTA, M NEUMAN, S JENNY, AL DETWILER, L PRUSINER, SB AF WESTAWAY, D ZULIANI, V COOPER, CM DACOSTA, M NEUMAN, S JENNY, AL DETWILER, L PRUSINER, SB TI HOMOZYGOSITY FOR PRION PROTEIN ALLELES ENCODING GLUTAMINE-171 RENDERS SHEEP SUSCEPTIBLE TO NATURAL SCRAPIE SO GENES & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE PRION REPLICATION; PRP PROMOTOR; PRPSC ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE; BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; INCUBATION PERIOD MICE; SUFFOLK SHEEP; PRP ISOFORMS; SIP GENE; DNA; BIOLOGY; CHEVIOT; LINKAGE AB Natural scrapie has been viewed both as a recessive trait and as a contagious disease modulated by a host locus. To address this conundrum, we determined the structure of the sheep prion protein (PrP) gene, which contains three exons and extends over 20 kb of DNA. In the United States 86.4% of scrapie cases occur in Suffolk sheep, and within this breed 49+/-6% (+/- S.D., n=69) of healthy animals carry one or more PrP alleles encoding Arg (R)-171. Four scrapie-affected sheep were homozygous for wild-type PrP open reading frames encoding the alternative Gln (Q)-171 allele. Analysis of additional cases revealed that all were Q/Q-171 homozygotes (n=31), yielding a probability of 0.000004 that PrP genotype is unrelated to susceptibility. These data imply that homozygosity for Q-171 codons is necessary but not sufficient for the development of natural scrapie, echo reports of recessive manifestation, and parallel over-representation of PRNP codon 129 homozygotes in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease of humans. Whereas progress has been substantial regarding experimental scrapie in rodents, the occurrence and spread of disease in flocks of sheep has remained enigmatic. Appreciation of the relationship between codon 171 genotype and susceptibility may help define the molecular basis of natural scrapie. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT NEUROL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. USDA,APHIS,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. USDA,APHIS,VET SERV,TRENTON,NJ 08619. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG08967, AG02132]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS14069] NR 74 TC 217 Z9 228 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 SN 0890-9369 J9 GENE DEV JI Genes Dev. PD APR 15 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 8 BP 959 EP 969 DI 10.1101/gad.8.8.959 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA NK756 UT WOS:A1994NK75600008 PM 7926780 ER PT J AU VANCOTT, JL BRIM, TA LUNNEY, JK SAIF, LJ AF VANCOTT, JL BRIM, TA LUNNEY, JK SAIF, LJ TI CONTRIBUTION OF ANTIBODY-SECRETING CELLS INDUCED IN MUCOSAL LYMPHOID-TISSUES OF PIGS INOCULATED WITH RESPIRATORY OR ENTERIC STRAINS OF CORONAVIRUS TO IMMUNITY AGAINST ENTERIC CORONAVIRUS CHALLENGE SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; T-CELL; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-A; CHOLERA-TOXIN; B-CELL; INFECTION; RESPONSES; SWINE; IMMUNIZATION AB Two antigenically related porcine coronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) which infects primarily the intestinal tract and causes severe diarrhea, and porcine respiratory coronovirus (PRCV) which infects the respiratory tract and causes subclinical or mild respiratory infections, presented a unique opportunity to study the interrelationship of gut-(GALT) and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues (BALT) and their contribution to protective immunity against TGEV infection. Pigs were inoculated oral-nasally with TGEV or with PRCV at eleven days of age and challenged 24 days later with TGEV. All pigs initially given TGEV developed diarrhea and were completely protected against disease upon challenge. In contrast, pigs given PRCV had no clinical disease and shed virus in nasal secretions only; after challenge, 5 of 12 pigs developed diarrhea. Virus-specific IgG and IgA Ab-secreting cells (ASC) were enumerated by ELISPOT in the mesenteric and bronchial lymph nodes, spleens, and gut lamina propria at challenge and various post challenge days. Before challenge, in pigs exposed to TGEV, IgA-ASC in the duodenum and jejunum constituted the major ASC response. Conversely, PRCV-exposed pigs had mainly IgG-ASC in bronchial lymph nodes, with low ASC responses in the gut. After challenge, numbers of IgG-ASC increased rapidly in the gut lamina propria and mesenteric lymph nodes of only PRCV-primed pigs. Our results suggest that virus-specific IgG-ASC precursors derived in BALT of PRCV-primed pigs may migrate to the gut in response to TGEV challenge and contribute to the partial protection observed. The presence of IgA-ASC in the gut lamina propria of TGEV-primed pigs at the time of challenge correlated with complete protection against TGEV challenge. Thus a dichotomy exists in the BALT and GALT ASC responses; immunization via BALT induced a systemic type of response (IgG-ASC) and provided imperfect protection against an enteric pathogen, whereas immunization via GALT induced IgA-ASC and provided complete protection. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV, OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR, DEPT VET PREVENT MED, FOOD ANIM HLTH RES PROGRAM, WOOSTER, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, HELMINTH DIS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI33561-01] NR 55 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1994 VL 152 IS 8 BP 3980 EP 3990 PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA NF018 UT WOS:A1994NF01800029 PM 8144965 ER PT J AU WHIPP, SC RASMUSSEN, MA CRAY, WC AF WHIPP, SC RASMUSSEN, MA CRAY, WC TI ANIMALS AS A SOURCE OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI PATHOGENIC FOR HUMAN-BEINGS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SHIGA-LIKE TOXINS; BUFFALO CALF DIARRHEA; TRANSFER RNA-BINDING; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; EDEMA DISEASE; DAIRY-CATTLE; GNOTOBIOTIC PIGLETS; SEROTYPE O157-H7 RP WHIPP, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. RI Rasmussen, Mark/N-9509-2014 NR 117 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 1994 VL 204 IS 8 BP 1168 EP 1175 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NE859 UT WOS:A1994NE85900018 PM 8014086 ER PT J AU HUANG, JWW GRUNES, DL KOCHIAN, LV AF HUANG, JWW GRUNES, DL KOCHIAN, LV TI VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT CA2+ INFLUX INTO RIGHT-SIDE-OUT PLASMA-MEMBRANE VESICLES ISOLATED FROM WHEAT ROOTS - CHARACTERIZATION OF A PUTATIVE CA2+ CHANNEL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM CHANNELS; GUARD-CELLS; BLOCKERS; FLUXES; K+ AB We report on the identification of a voltage-dependent Ca2+ transport system that mediates Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane (PM) of wheat (Triticum aestivum) root cells. The experimental approach involved the imposition of transmembrane electrical potentials (via K+ diffusion potentials) in populations of purified, right-side-out PM vesicles isolated from wheat roots. Using Ca-45(2+) to quantify Ca2+ influx into the PM vesicles, the voltage-dependent characteristics of Ca2+ transport were found to be similar to those exhibited by L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in animal cells. The putative PM Ca2+ channel opened upon depolarization of the membrane potential, and Ca2+ flux increased to a maximum upon further depolarization and then decreased back to zero upon further successive depolarizations. This channel was found to be selective for Ca2+ over Mg2+, Sr2+, K+, and Na+; was blocked by very low concentrations of La3+; was unaffected by high concentrations of the K+ channel blocker tetraethylammonium; and exhibited Michaelis-Menten-type transport kinetics. Based on these transport properties, we argue that this transport system is a PM Ca2+ channel. We suggest that the use of radiotracer flux analysis of voltage-clamped PM vesicles derived from plant roots is a straightforward approach for the characterization of certain voltage-gated ion channels functioning in cellular membranes of higher plant cells. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 24 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 12 PY 1994 VL 91 IS 8 BP 3473 EP 3477 DI 10.1073/pnas.91.8.3473 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NF968 UT WOS:A1994NF96800126 PM 8159772 ER PT J AU BANDARA, BMR HINOJOSA, O BERNOFSKY, C AF BANDARA, BMR HINOJOSA, O BERNOFSKY, C TI MECHANISTIC STUDIES BY ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY ON THE FORMATION OF 2-(N-CHLOROIMINO)-5,5-DIMETHYLPYRROLIDIN RADICAL FROM 5,5-DIMETHYL-1-PYRROLINE 1-OXIDE AND HYPOCHLORITE-TREATED AMMONIA SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SPIN-RESONANCE; INORGANIC CHLORAMINES; HUMAN-NEUTROPHILS; MYELOPEROXIDASE; OXIDATION; KINETICS; ACID; 3,3,5,5-TETRAMETHYLPYRROLINE-N-OXIDE; 5,5-DIMETHYLPYRROLINE-N-OXIDE AB Mixtures of ammonium ion (NH4+) or ammonia (NH3), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline 1-oxide (DMPO) gave the radical 2-(N-chloroimino)-5,5-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-oxyl (1). The first step in the formation of 1 was the reaction of HOCl and NH4+ to provide ammonia chloramines: monochloramine (NH2Cl), dichloramine (NHC2), and trichloramine (NCl3). Chloramine composition and the formation of 1 were dependent on pH, the ratio of NH4+ to HOCl, and, at acidic pH, on the concentration of chloride in the medium. Conditions were chosen to isolate the individual chloramines in solution for further study. NCl3 and DMPO gave 1; however, NHCl2 and NH2Cl required additional oxidants such as HOCl or PbO2 to produce 1. Studies with N-15-labeled chloramines confirmed that NHCl2 and NH2Cl reacted with DMPO to form N-chloro intermediates that yielded 1 upon subsequent oxidation. Light had no effect on the formation of 1, and UV irradiation did not enhance the EPR signal intensity but caused rapid decay, indicating that radical intermediates of ammonia chloramines were not involved. The mechanism of formation of 1 appeared to involve temporary attachment of chloramine Cl to the nitroxide oxygen of DMPO which activated its beta-carbon for nucleophilic addition of the chloramine N. SubsequentN-chlorination and/or dehydrochlorination, depending on the reactive chloramine, would then provide 1. However, nucleophilic addition of H2O to the activated beta-carbon of DMPO was competitive because 5,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-oxyl (DMPO-OH) or 5,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone-1-oxyl(DMPOX) radicals were sometimes observed as minor products along with 1. Analogous chloroimine radicals were not obtained from the reaction of ammonia chloramines with 3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-1-pyrroline 1-oxide (M(4)PO) and N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (PBN), although their 2-oxo nitroxyl derivatives and hydroxyl adducts were formed as radical products suggesting that nucleophilic addition of H2O was dominant with these nitroxides. C1 TULANE UNIV,SCH MED,CTR BIOENVIRONM RES,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP BANDARA, BMR (reprint author), TULANE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112, USA. NR 96 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD APR 8 PY 1994 VL 59 IS 7 BP 1642 EP 1654 DI 10.1021/jo00086a013 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA NF807 UT WOS:A1994NF80700013 ER PT J AU BROWN, F AF BROWN, F TI SMALLPOX BARGAIN SO NATURE LA English DT Letter RP BROWN, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 7 PY 1994 VL 368 IS 6471 BP 490 EP 490 DI 10.1038/368490c0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NE335 UT WOS:A1994NE33500023 PM 8139678 ER PT J AU SCHAEFER, EJ LAMONFAVA, S JENNER, JL MCNAMARA, JR ORDOVAS, JM DAVIS, CE ABOLAFIA, JM LIPPEL, K LEVY, RI AF SCHAEFER, EJ LAMONFAVA, S JENNER, JL MCNAMARA, JR ORDOVAS, JM DAVIS, CE ABOLAFIA, JM LIPPEL, K LEVY, RI TI LIPOPROTEIN(A) LEVELS AND RISK OF CORONARY HEART-DISEASE IN MEN - THE LIPID RESEARCH CLINICS CORONARY PRIMARY PREVENTION TRIAL SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; ARTERY DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SERUM LIPOPROTEIN(A); LP(A) LIPOPROTEIN; PLASMA-LEVELS; APOLIPOPROTEIN(A); PLASMINOGEN; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Objective.-To examine the relationship between elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in a prospective study. Design.-Nested case-control study. The cohort consisted of participants in the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial. Setting.-Lipid research clinics. Participants.-The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial participants (n=3806) were men, aged 35 to 59 years, with plasma cholesterol levels of 6.85 mmol/L (265 mg/dL) or greater, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of 4.91 mmol/L (190 mg/dL) or greater, and triglyceride levels less than 3.39 mmol/L. Subjects were randomly assigned to either cholestyramine or placebo treatment. The Lp(a) levels were measured in plasma samples obtained prior to randomization in 233 cases (participants who developed CHD in the course of the study) and 390 matched CHD-free controls. A total of 96.95% of the subjects were white, 2.25% were black, and 0.80% were of other race. Main Outcome Measure.-Coronary heart disease (either fatal or nonfatal) events during a follow-up of 7 to 10 years. Results.-The Lp(a) levels were significantly higher (21%) in cases than in controls (23.7 mg/dL [0.59 mmol/L] and 19.5 mg/dL [0.49 mmol/L], respectively; P<.02). This difference was still statistically significant (P<.01) after controlling for age, body mass index, cigarette smoking, blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. When subjects were divided by treatment, both cholestyramine-treated and placebo-treated CHD subjects had Lp(a) levels 200/. to 220/o greater than their matched controls. However, possibly because of smaller sample sizes, these differences were no longer statistically significant. Conclusions.-Our data are consistent with the concept that an elevated Lp(a) level is an independent risk factor for CHD in hypercholesterolemic white men. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT BIOSTAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. NHLBI,DIV HEART & VASC DIS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP SCHAEFER, EJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HV83-03] NR 44 TC 409 Z9 413 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 6 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 13 BP 999 EP 1003 DI 10.1001/jama.271.13.999 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ND949 UT WOS:A1994ND94900029 PM 8139085 ER PT J AU TOBIASON, FL HEMINGWAY, RW AF TOBIASON, FL HEMINGWAY, RW TI PREDICTING HETEROCYCLIC RING COUPLING-CONSTANTS THROUGH A CONFORMATIONAL SEARCH OF TETRA-O-METHYL-(+)-CATECHIN SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUBSTITUENTS; DIMERS AB A GMMX(c) conformational search routine gives a family of conformations that reflects the Boltzmann-averaged heterocyclic ring conformation as evidenced by accurate prediction of all three coupling constants observed for tetra-O-methyl-(+)-catechin. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71306. RP TOBIASON, FL (reprint author), PACIFIC LUTHERAN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,121ST SO & PK,TACOMA,WA 98447, USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD APR 4 PY 1994 VL 35 IS 14 BP 2137 EP 2140 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)76779-7 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA NE621 UT WOS:A1994NE62100007 ER PT J AU ARKEBAUER, TJ WEISS, A SINCLAIR, TR BLUM, A AF ARKEBAUER, TJ WEISS, A SINCLAIR, TR BLUM, A TI IN DEFENSE OF RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY - A RESPONSE SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Discussion ID SPRING WHEAT GROWTH; SOIL-WATER STATUS; PEARL-MILLET; SOLAR-RADIATION; BIOMASS ACCUMULATION; TEMPERATURE; YIELD; MAIZE; INTERCEPTION; NITROGEN AB Radiation use efficiency (RUE) is the conversion factor between the amount of radiation intercepted or absorbed by a plant canopy and the corresponding amount of carbon dioxide fixed or biomass produced. This factor has been applied to the study of the growth and the analysis of a wide variety of plant species, in diverse environments, for many years. Criticism has recently arisen regarding the utility of RUE in fostering increased understanding of plant growth. Specifically, critics propose that the variability in reported RUE values is a symptom of the inherent inadequacies of this concept. We argue that this criticism arises from both an inconsistent definition of RUE and a lack of consideration of the physiological basis of RUE. The RUE concept represents a fundamental description of plant growth which has enhanced understanding of both potential growth rates and reductions in these potentials owing to stressful conditions. Variability in RUE values can be understood in terms of the physical and biological processes which determine the state of the plant canopy. Furthermore, the use of RUE has advanced the development of robust plant growth models. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGR METEOROL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,AGRON PHYSIOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 29 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 68 IS 3-4 BP 221 EP 227 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90038-8 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NE697 UT WOS:A1994NE69700008 ER PT J AU KINIRY, JR AF KINIRY, JR TI IN DEFENSE OF RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY - DISCUSSION - A NOTE OF CAUTION CONCERNING THE PAPER BY DEMETRIADES-SHAH ET-AL (1992) SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Discussion ID CROP GROWTH RP KINIRY, JR (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES SERV,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES CTR,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 3 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 68 IS 3-4 BP 229 EP 230 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90039-6 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NE697 UT WOS:A1994NE69700009 ER PT J AU SHARRATT, BS AF SHARRATT, BS TI OBSERVATIONS AND MODELING OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN BARLEY YIELD AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE SUB-ARCTIC SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CROP WATER MODEL; TRANSPIRATION; WATER STRESS; WATER USE AB Management of cropping systems and conservation of water resources requires a knowledge of crop evapotranspiration (ET). Yet, ET from field-grown crops and the association among yield, ET, and water stress are virtually unknown in the subarctic region of North America. Irrigated and nonirrigated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) treatments were established in 1989 at Delta Junction and 1990 at Fairbanks, Alaska, to ascertain yield-ET relations and to validate a model which simulates relative yield (relative to potential yield) based on the transpiration (T) to potential transpiration (T(p)) ratio. Barley development, soil water content (by neutron attenuation), pan evaporation, precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity, and global radiation were monitored at each location. Regression analysis indicated that grain yield increased 26 kg . ha-1 for every mm of water evapotranspired over a range of 180 to 260 mm in seasonal ET. Modeled and measured available water in the soil profile and relative yield were in good agreement. Based on 9 years of measured barley yield and climate data at Fairbanks, modeled ET ranged from 120 to 250 mm and yield decreased as the modeled transpiration deficit (1 - T/T(p)) increased. This study indicated that water stress occurs frequently in the subarctic. RP SHARRATT, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,N IOWA AVE,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD APR PY 1994 VL 25 IS 2 BP 109 EP 119 DI 10.1016/0378-3774(94)90039-6 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA NK234 UT WOS:A1994NK23400002 ER PT J AU SENFT, D AF SENFT, D TI USDA BEE SCIENTIST UNRAVELING MYSTERIES OF ARIZONA OWN BUZZ POLLINATORS SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP SENFT, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD APR PY 1994 VL 134 IS 4 BP 255 EP 255 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NE065 UT WOS:A1994NE06500020 ER PT J AU HUGHES, VA FIATARONE, MA FERRARA, CM MCNAMARA, JR CHARNLEY, JM EVANS, WJ AF HUGHES, VA FIATARONE, MA FERRARA, CM MCNAMARA, JR CHARNLEY, JM EVANS, WJ TI LIPOPROTEIN RESPONSE TO EXERCISE TRAINING AND A LOW-FAT DIET IN OLDER SUBJECTS WITH GLUCOSE-INTOLERANCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE HDL CHOLESTEROL; HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE DIET; INSULIN RESISTANCE; EXERCISE TRAINING; BODY COMPOSITION ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; PLASMA-LIPIDS; AEROBIC CAPACITY; REDUCING-DIET; RISK-FACTORS; WEIGHT-LOSS; WOMEN; CHOLESTEROL; TOLERANCE AB The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise training (Ex), a low-fat diet (LF, 19% fat), or combined interventions (LF-Ex) on lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL, HDL, and VLDL) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations in glucose-intolerant subjects while their weight was maintained. Baseline dietary fat and carbohydrate composition, body composition, body mass index, age, and lipoprotein cholesterol were not different among groups. Aerobic capacity increased in both exercise groups (P < 0.01) and remained unchanged in the LF group. Body composition was unaltered and change in body weight (kg) was small: Ex, -0.8 +/- 0.4, (P < 0.05); LF, +0.4 +/- 0.4; (NS); LF-Ex, -1.4 +/- 0.4 (P < 0.0 1). Exercise alone did not significantly affect lipoprotein cholesterol or TG concentrations. In LF and LF-Ex, respectively, decreases (P < 0.02) in total cholesterol (-0.66 +/- 0.24 and -0.42 +/- 0.21 mmol/L), HDL (-0.14 +/- 0.07 and -0.26 +/- 0.04), and LDL (-0.60 +/- 0.25 and -0.23 +/- 0.13) were seen after 12 wk, whereas VLDL and TG remained unchanged. Our data indicate that beneficial effects of exercise training on lipid indexes are not observed in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance on either an average US diet or a low-fat diet if substantial changes in weight or body composition do not occur. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DIV AGING,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP HUGHES, VA (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,HUMAN PHYSIOL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG00599, AG-08812]; PHS HHS [53-3K06-01] NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1994 VL 59 IS 4 BP 820 EP 826 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ND885 UT WOS:A1994ND88500005 PM 8147325 ER PT J AU JUDD, JT CLEVIDENCE, BA MUESING, RA WITTES, J SUNKIN, ME PODCZASY, JJ AF JUDD, JT CLEVIDENCE, BA MUESING, RA WITTES, J SUNKIN, ME PODCZASY, JJ TI DIETARY TRANS-FATTY-ACIDS - EFFECTS ON PLASMA-LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS OF HEALTHY-MEN AND WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE DIETARY FAT; DIETARY CIS AND TRANS-FATTY ACIDS; BLOOD LIPIDS; LIPOPROTEINS; HYDROGENATED FATS; CONTROLLED DIET EFFECTS IN MEN AND WOMEN; DIETARY SATURATED FATTY ACIDS; PLASMA CHOLESTEROL ID UNITED-STATES DIET; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; SERUM-LIPIDS; CHOLESTEROL; HUMANS; HYDROGENATION; DISEASE; AGE AB Effects of cis and trans monounsaturated fatty acids (TFA) and saturated fatty acids were assessed in 29 men and 29 women consuming controlled diets. Subjects ate each diet for 6 wk in a Latin square design. The diets, each with 39-40% of energy as fat were: 1) high oleic (16.7% of energy as oleic acid), 2) moderate TFA (3.8% of energy as TFA), 3) high TFA (6.6% of energy as TFA), 4) and saturated (16.2% of energy as lauric + myristic + palmitic acids). Compared with the oleic diet, LDL cholesterol increased 6.0%, 7.8%, and 9.0% after moderate TFA, high TFA, and saturated diets, respectively. HDL cholesterol was unchanged after moderate TFA, but was slightly lower (2.8%) after high TFA. HDL cholesterol after the saturated diet was 3.5% higher than after the oleic diet. Changes in apolipoproteins B and A-I coffesponded with changes in the lipoprotein cholesterols. Thus, compared with oleic acid, dietary TFAs raise LDL cholesterol, but to a slightly lesser degree than do saturates, and high TFA concentrations may result in minor reductions of HDL cholesterol. C1 STAT COLLABORAT,WASHINGTON,DC. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,LIPID RES CLIN,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. RP JUDD, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BHNRC,BLDG 308,ROOM 126,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 38 TC 324 Z9 334 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1994 VL 59 IS 4 BP 861 EP 868 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ND885 UT WOS:A1994ND88500011 PM 8147331 ER PT J AU BRIM, TA VANCOTT, JL LUNNEY, JK SAIF, LJ AF BRIM, TA VANCOTT, JL LUNNEY, JK SAIF, LJ TI LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION RESPONSES OF PIGS INOCULATED WITH TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS VIRUS OR PORCINE RESPIRATORY CORONAVIRUS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; S-GLYCOPROTEIN; SWINE; DIFFERENTIATION; REPLICATION; INFECTION; PIGLETS; SERUM; TGEV AB Cell-mediated immunity was evaluated in intestinal, respiratory, and systemic lymphoid tissues of pigs exposed when 11 days old to virulent transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), attenuated TGEV, or porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), 3 antigenically related porcine coronaviruses with distinct enteric and respiratory tissue tropisms. Mononuclear cells were prepared from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), bronchial lymph nodes (BLN), and spleens of pigs and tested for virus-specific responses by use of lymphocyte proliferation assays. Vigorous MLN and BLN proliferation responses to virulent TGEV and PRCV, respectively, at postinoculation days 8 to 24 were strongly associated with prior detection of TGEV in rectal swab samples and PRCV in nasal swab samples. Gastrointestinal disease and intestinal virus replication, assessed on the basis of rectal virus shedding, were almost exclusively found in the virulent TGEV-inoculated pigs, even though virulent TGEV and a high dose of attenuated TGEV elicited the highest proliferation responses in MLN. Pigs exposed to PRCV or attenuated TGEV did not have clinical signs of disease, and only 1 pig given a high dose of attenuated TGEV shed virus in feces. Porcine respiratory coronavirus replicated in the respiratory tract after either oronasal or aerosol inoculation of virus and induced strong BLN, but not MLN, proliferation responses. A high dose of attenuated TGEV (4 X 10(8) plaque-forming units) was more effective than a lower dose of attenuated TGEV (7 X 10(6) plaque-forming units) in eliciting significant lymphocyte proliferation in MLN and BLN. Cellular immune function, assessed on the basis of mitogen-induced proliferation of lymphocytes, was comparable for all 3 sources of lymphocytes and was not adversely affected by exposure to any of the 3 coronaviruses, nor did it vary with age of the pigs. The tissue tropism of TGEV and PRCV was associated with induction of virus-specific cell-mediated immune responses, as evidenced by substantial lymphocyte proliferation responses in MLN and BLN, mucosa-associated lymph nodes adjacent to the primary sites of virus replication. The failure of PRCV strain ISU-1 to replicate in the intestinal tract correlated with poor virus-specific cellular immune responses in MLN. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT VET PREVENT MED,FOOD ANIM HLTH RES PROGRAM,WOOSTER,OH 44691. USDA ARS,LPSI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. FU PHS HHS [R01A133561-01] NR 45 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 55 IS 4 BP 494 EP 501 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NC240 UT WOS:A1994NC24000010 PM 8017695 ER PT J AU RUPP, GP KREIKEMEIER, KK PERINO, LJ ROSS, GS AF RUPP, GP KREIKEMEIER, KK PERINO, LJ ROSS, GS TI MEASUREMENT OF VOLATILE FATTY-ACID DISAPPEARANCE AND FLUID FLUX ACROSS THE ABOMASUM OF CATTLE, USING AN IMPROVED OMASAL CANNULATION TECHNIQUE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HEPATIC NUTRIENT FLUX; PROPIONIC-ACID; BEEF STEER; PASSAGE; SHEEP; DIGESTA; MARKERS; RUMEN AB Six steer calves, surgically fitted with a permanent cannula in the rumen, omasoabomasal orifice, abomasum, and duodenum were used to determine total digesta flow and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration at various points in the digestive tract. The omasoabomasal cannula had a flexible nylon sleeve that could be exteriorized through the abomasal cannula to collect omasal effluent. Three experiments were conducted: 95% concentrate fed at maintenance (2,670 g of organic matter intake/d); 95% concentrate fed ad libitum (3,484 g of organic matter intake/d); and brome hay fed ad libitum (2,927 g of organic matter intake/d). Calves were offered the diet in 12 portions daily. Each experiment included a 14-day adaptation period and a 2 day sample collection period during which chromic oxide was used as a digesta flow marker. In all 3 experiments, VFA concentration was greatest in the rumen sample (84 to 109 mM), intermediate in the omasal sample (32 to 40 mM), and lowest in the duodenal sample (7 to 14 mM, P < 0.01). Total fluid flow at the duodenum was 13 to 18 L/d greater than now at the omasum (P < 0.10). Omasal VFA flow was twofold greater than duodenal VFA flow (P < 0.05). There was a net fluid increase and net disappearance of VFA across the abomasum. The cannulation technique was useful for repeated collection of omasal effluent for at least 3 months. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP RUPP, GP (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,GREAT PLAINS VET EDUC CTR,DEPT VET & BIOMED SCI,LINCOLN,NE, USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 55 IS 4 BP 522 EP 529 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NC240 UT WOS:A1994NC24000014 PM 8017698 ER PT J AU HARVEY, RB KUBENA, LF ELISSALDE, MH AF HARVEY, RB KUBENA, LF ELISSALDE, MH TI INFLUENCE OF VITAMIN-E ON AFLATOXICOSIS IN GROWING SWINE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE; PIGS; CHICKENS; SELENIUM; DIETS; AFLATOXIN-B1; PROTECTION; DIMINUTION; DEFICIENCY; TOXICITY AB Effects of dietary aflatoxin (AF) and supplemental vitamin E (d-alpha-tocopherol) were evaluated in growing crossbred pigs. Nine barrows (3 replicates of 3 each, mean body weight, 14.0 kg) per group were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups (for a total of 36 barrows): 0 IU of supplemental vitamin E and 0 mg of AF/kg of feed (control); 2,400 IU of vitamin E divided into equal doses and administered IM on days 1 and 16; 2.5 mg of AF/kg of feed; or 2.5 mg of AF/kg of feed plus 2,400 IU of vitamin E administered similarly to treatment 2. Barrows were administered their respective treatment for 32 days. Evaluations were made for group production performance and for serum biochemical, immunologic, hematologic, pathologic, serum and tissue tocopherol, and serum retinol variables. Body weight was reduced by AF-alone and AF plus vitamin E treatments, compared with control and vitamin E-alone treatments. Liver weight was increased for the AF alone-treated and the AF plus vitamin E-treated barrows, compared with control barrows. The AF alone-treated barrows had alterations in:serum values of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, albumin, glucose, phosphorus, calcium, cholesterol, total iron, unsaturated iron-binding capacity, total iron binding capacity, and urea nitrogen; RBC numbers, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and prothrombin time; and mitogen-induced lymphoblastogenic responses. With the exception of some slight ameliorating effects on hematologic measurements, supplemental treatment with vitamin E did not prove beneficial against the toxicosis-associated AF treatment. The AF alone-treated barrows had decreased serum tocopherol and retinol concentrations, compared with control and pretest values, and decreased tocopherol concentration in cardiac tissue. High parenterally administered doses of vitamin E did not have sparing effect on AF-induced reductions of serum tocopherol or retinol concentration; however, compared with pretest values, serum tocopherol concentration was increased by vitamin E-alone treatment. Tocopherol concentration in cardiac tissue of the AF plus vitamin E-treated barrows was increased over that of the AF alone-treated barrows, indicating an ameliorating effect on AF-induced tissue concentrations reductions. These data indicate that vitamin E may not have a sparing effect on AF-induced toxicosis and that AF may reduce serum retinol and serum and tissue tocopherol concentrations. RP HARVEY, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,RTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 55 IS 4 BP 572 EP 577 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NC240 UT WOS:A1994NC24000022 PM 8017706 ER PT J AU HOMAN, HJ LINZ, GM BLEIER, WJ AF HOMAN, HJ LINZ, GM BLEIER, WJ TI EFFECT OF CROP PHENOLOGY AND HABITAT ON THE DIET OF COMMON GRACKLES (QUISCALUS-QUISCULA) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Note AB Esophageal contents of 842 common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula), collected in north-central North Dakota from 1 May-21 October 1989, were examined. The esophageal contents varied significantly between habitats and seasons (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) but did not differ among age-sex classes (P > 0.05). Insects comprised 79% (mean dry weight) of the diet during May and June. From July to mid-August, common grackles ate primarily small grains (42%) and insects (34%); whereas, between mid-August and late October small grains (36%) and sunflower seeds (48%) were important diet items. Overall, crop phenology and habitat influenced the diets of common grackles. C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,N DAKOTA FIELD STN,FARGO,ND 58105. RP HOMAN, HJ (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 1994 VL 131 IS 2 BP 381 EP 385 DI 10.2307/2426267 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NK483 UT WOS:A1994NK48300020 ER PT J AU SANFORD, LL DEAHL, KL SINDEN, SL AF SANFORD, LL DEAHL, KL SINDEN, SL TI GLYCOALKALOID CONTENT IN FOLIAGE OF HYBRID AND BACKCROSS POPULATIONS FROM A SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM X S-CHACOENSE CROSS SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE POTATO; SOLANINE; CHACONINE; LEAFHOPPER ID POTATO LEAFHOPPER; LEPTINE GLYCOALKALOIDS; RESISTANCE; PERFORMANCE AB The glycoalkaloid contents of foliage were measured in populations derived from a cross of Solanum chacoense Bitter (PI 472810) with a composite sample of genotypes from a randomly mated Solanum tuberosum L. population. The mean total glycoalkaloid contents of the parent PI 472810 and tuberosum populations, and the F2 and F4 populations were 856, 121, 286, and 279 mg/100 g fresh weight, respectively. The total glycoalkaloid content of the first backcross population, F2 x tuberosum, was 290 mg/100 g, close to the content of the F2. In a second backcross to tuberosum, the mean total content was 148 mg/100 g, close to the content of the parent tuberosum population. Only the glycoalkaloids alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine were found in PI 472810, whereas in the parent tuberosum, hybrid, and backcross populations, the glycoalkaloids alpha & beta-solamarine also were found in a small number of genotypes . The ratios of chaconine to solanine contents were significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to .05) different in the parent PI 472810 and tuberosum populations, 2.55 and 2.12, respectively. The ratios in the F2 and F4 populations were similar to that of PI 472810, whereas the ratios in the backcross populations were closer to that of the tuberosum parent. The levels of foliage glycoalkaloids in the hybrid and backcross populations paralleled the levels of potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae Harris, resistance measured in a previous study. RP SANFORD, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD APR PY 1994 VL 71 IS 4 BP 225 EP 235 DI 10.1007/BF02849288 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NJ362 UT WOS:A1994NJ36200001 ER PT J AU JAMES, DW HURST, RL WESTERMANN, DT TINDALL, TA AF JAMES, DW HURST, RL WESTERMANN, DT TINDALL, TA TI NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION OF POTATOES - EVALUATING NUTRIENT ELEMENT INTERACTIONS IN PETIOLES WITH RESPONSE SURFACES SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE POTASSIUM SOURCES; NITRATE; CHLORIDE; CALCIUM; MAGNESIUM; IONIC BALANCE ID CHLORIDE; NITRATE; SOILS AB We studied the effects of fertilizer N and K rates on the nutrient concentrations in petioles of Russet Burbank potato grown on a low-K, low-Cl, highly calcareous Millville silt loam soil. Phosphate and CaSO4 were applied uniformly so that P and S did not limit plant growth. An incomplete factorial experimental design, utilizing 14 combinations of fertilizer N and K, including two forms of Y, was used to develop a multi-dimensional regression model. This model was then used to produce response surfaces as an aid to analysis of the results and to illustrate the fertilizer treatment effects and their interactions on petiole chemistries. Nitrogen, K and Cl fertilizers had complex effects on petiole concentrations of NO3-N, SO4-S, Cl, K, Ca and Mg. Nitrate-N and Cl were mutually antagonistic. Soil N had a large positive effect on petiole K and Mg levels and, to a lesser extent, petiole Ca levels. There was competition between K and Mg in petiole concentration. The sum of K, Ca and Mg was essentially constant across fertilizer treatments and sampling times. The sum of NO3-N, SO4-S and Cl was highly variable. The ratio of cations to anions ranged between three and five across fertilizer treatments and sampling times. The data indicate that calibration of the major nutrient element concentrations in potato petioles, as a guide to fertilization, requires knowledge of background soil fertility conditions with respect to N, K, Cl, Ca and Mg, and an understanding of the antagonisms and synergisms among these elements. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,KIMBERLY,ID. UNIV IDAHO,TWIN FALLS,ID. RP JAMES, DW (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD APR PY 1994 VL 71 IS 4 BP 249 EP 265 DI 10.1007/BF02849290 PG 17 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NJ362 UT WOS:A1994NJ36200003 ER PT J AU WANG, H HACHEY, DL LIU, D ZHANG, SD DUDLEY, MA AF WANG, H HACHEY, DL LIU, D ZHANG, SD DUDLEY, MA TI MICROANALYSIS OF CHOLESTEROL, PHOSPHOLIPID, AND MEDIUM-CHAIN AND LONG-CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS IN BIOLOGIC MATERIALS SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; RAT SMALL-INTESTINE; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; FED INFANTS; D-GLUCOSE; FLUIDITY; TRIGLYCERIDES; TRANSPORT AB We have developed a procedure for the microanalysis of the cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations and the fatty acid (including medium-chain fatty acids) composition of total lipid and phospholipid. One-milligram lipid samples were extracted from jejunal brush border membranes isolated from rats fed a diet containing 14% medium-chain triglycerides. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography using an autosampler. We were able to identify 17 fatty acids in the total lipid and in the phospholipid fractions. The cholesterol and phospholipid contents of the membranes were 270 +/- 21 and 298 +/- 35 nmol . mg protein-1, respectively; thus the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio was 0.92 +/- 0.05, a value typically reported for the rat. Medium-chain fatty acids were not detected in the brush border membranes. Therefore, to demonstrate that medium-chain fatty acids were not lost during analysis, we analyzed the rat diet, and brush border membrane samples to which medium-chain triglycerides had been added. Recovery of medium-chain fatty acids from brush border membrane samples was 95.7 +/- 2.6%. The percentage of medium-chain fatty acids detected in the diet was not significantly different from the percentage when the diet was prepared. In summary, our procedure enabled a complete lipid analysis of very small biologic specimens. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. RP WANG, H (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD APR PY 1994 VL 218 IS 1 BP 74 EP 79 DI 10.1006/abio.1994.1142 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA ND426 UT WOS:A1994ND42600009 PM 8053570 ER PT J AU VIEIRA, NE YERGEY, AL ABRAMS, SA AF VIEIRA, NE YERGEY, AL ABRAMS, SA TI EXTRACTION OF MAGNESIUM FROM BIOLOGICAL-FLUIDS USING 8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE AND CATION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR ISOTOPIC ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS USING THERMAL IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LEAFY VEGETABLES; STABLE MG-26; ABSORPTION; INFANTS AB The use of 8-hydroxyquinoline to precipitate magnesium was evaluated as a method for preparing biological samples for isotopic enrichment analysis using thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). Standard curves in matrices of water, serum, and urine were prepared using varying amounts of Mg-25. The Mg-25/Mg-24 isotope ratio was measured by TIMS using a silica gel/phosphoric acid technique. Although the total Mg recovered by precipitation from the matrices varied considerably and was dependent on matrix, recovery was sufficient for isotopic enrichment analysis. Urine samples required cation-exchange chromatography (Bio-Rex AG 50W-X8 filter membrane, Bio-Rad Laboratories) prior to precipitation to remove contaminants which interfered with the thermal ionization process. The observed versus expected Mg-25/Mg-24 enrichments were evaluated using linear regression analysis: water, y = 0.016 + 1.022x; serum, y = 0.5 + 1.097x; urine, y = -0.004 + 0.943x. This method has proven useful for the isolation of magnesium from the biofluids tested. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77096. RP VIEIRA, NE (reprint author), NICHHD,THEORET & PHYS BIOL LAB,METAB ANAL & MASS SPECTR SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD APR PY 1994 VL 218 IS 1 BP 92 EP 97 DI 10.1006/abio.1994.1145 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA ND426 UT WOS:A1994ND42600012 PM 8053573 ER PT J AU ARNADE, C PICK, D VASAVADA, U AF ARNADE, C PICK, D VASAVADA, U TI TESTING DYNAMIC SPECIFICATION FOR IMPORT DEMAND MODELS - THE CASE OF COTTON SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RATIONAL-EXPECTATIONS; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE AB Error correction models impose few prior restrictions on dynamic model specification and allow the data to determine model structure. Despite this obvious advantage, few applications have adopted the error correction model to explain trade flows. An error correction model of cotton import demand is estimated for France, Japan, and Hong Kong. A variety of tests are applied to determine the dynamic structure of the model. It is found that the most general models are those that best fit the data for cotton import demand. Long-run elasticities from these general models are significantly different than elasticities derived from a comparable static model. C1 USDA,ERS,ATAD,ROOM 734,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4P 4EE SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD APR PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 375 EP 380 DI 10.1080/00036849400000083 PG 6 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA NH071 UT WOS:A1994NH07100009 ER PT J AU HOU, CT JACKSON, MA BAGBY, MO BECKER, LA AF HOU, CT JACKSON, MA BAGBY, MO BECKER, LA TI MICROBIAL OXIDATION OF CUMENE BY OCTANE-GROWN CELLS SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Previously, we reported that eight glucose-grown microbial cultures out of 1229 screened oxidize the alkyl side-chain of 2-phenylpropane (cumene) stereospecifically. Now, we have adapted these cultures to grow on n-octane and found that their cumene oxidation activities increased more than 30 times. We also found an additional 11 cultures (ten bacteria, one actinomycete) that oxidized cumene when grown on octane but not on glucose. In general, octane-grown cells were more active in cumene oxidation than glucose-grown cells. Rhodococcus rhodochrous NRRL B-2153 showed the best conversion yield (2-phenyl-1-propanol plus 2-phenyl-1-propionic acid was 5.5%) at 25 degrees C, pH 8.0, 250 rpm, and 12 h of reaction. Structures of the reaction products were confirmed by gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry and GC/infrared analyses. Products contained 84% ee (enantiomeric excess) of the R(-) isomer, as analyzed with a GC cyclodextrin chiral column. Strain B-2153 oxidized alkylbenzenes in the following order of reaction rate: ethylbenzene > amylbenzene > butylbenzene > cumene > propylbenzene > sec-butylbenzene. tert-Butylbenzene was not oxidized. RP HOU, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 41 IS 2 BP 178 EP 182 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA NM318 UT WOS:A1994NM31800004 ER PT J AU WONG, WW HACHEY, DL CLARKE, LL ZHANG, S LLAURADOR, M POND, WG AF WONG, WW HACHEY, DL CLARKE, LL ZHANG, S LLAURADOR, M POND, WG TI AN IMPROVED HPLC METHOD TO PURIFY ERYTHROCYTE CHOLESTEROL FOR ESTIMATION OF IN-VIVO CHOLESTEROL-SYNTHESIS USING THE DEUTERIUM METHOD SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Note ID SAMPLES AB We report on an improved HPLC method to purify erythrocyte cholesterol for use in measuring in vivo cholesterol synthesis from (H2O)-H-2. The new procedure uses a smaller compression cartridge column at a flow rate of 3 mL/min. The new method reduces by almost tenfold the amount of solvent required to maintain the analytical purity of the isolated cholesterol. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP WONG, WW (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 3 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD APR PY 1994 VL 45 IS 4 BP 529 EP 533 DI 10.1016/0969-8043(94)90121-X PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA NC235 UT WOS:A1994NC23500019 PM 8186774 ER PT J AU JONES, PJH LICHTENSTEIN, AH SCHAEFER, EJ NAMCHUK, GL AF JONES, PJH LICHTENSTEIN, AH SCHAEFER, EJ NAMCHUK, GL TI EFFECT OF DIETARY-FAT SELECTION ON PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS IN OLDER, MODERATELY HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC HUMANS SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; SYNTHESIS; DEUTERIUM; HUMANS; CORN OIL; OLIVE OIL; CANOLA OIL; FATTY ACIDS ID LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR ACTIVITY; LOW-DENSITY; DEUTERATED WATER; STEROL SYNTHESIS; SYNTHESIS INVIVO; SAFFLOWER OIL; CANOLA OIL; GUINEA-PIG; WHOLE-BODY; OLIVE-OIL AB To study factors controlling plasma cholesterol levels, the effect of dietary fat type on cholesterol synthesis was examined in 15 hypercholesterolemic subjects (low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol > 130 mg . dL-1) consuming over a period of 32 days (1) a baseline diet (36% kcal as fat: 15% saturated, 15% monounsaturated, and 6% polyunsaturated fat; 180 mg cholesterol . 1000 kcal-1) and diets meeting National Cholesterol Education Program step 2 criteria (30% kcal as fat, less-than-or-equal-to 7% saturated fat, 80 to 85 mg cholesterol/Mcal), where two thirds of the fat was either (2) olive, (3) corn, or (4) canola oil. Plasma total, LDL, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride levels were determined at the end of each period. Cholesterol fractional synthesis rate (FSR) was also measured as the deuterium (D) incorporation into plasma total cholesterol relative to body D2O level (1.2 g D2O . kg-1 estimated body water) over 24 hours. Absolute synthesis rates (ASRs) were determined as the product of FSR and rapid turnover cholesterol pool size. Plasma total and LDL cholesterol levels declined significantly (P<.005) on all plant-oil diets compared with the baseline diet; however, triglyceride levels were not different. FSRs were higher (P<.05) for the corn oil (0.0665+/-0.0097 pool . d-1) compared with baseline (0.0412+/-0.0060 pool . d-1) and olive oil (0.0409+/-0.0052 pool . d-1) but not canola oil (0.0492+/-0.0072 pool . d-1) diets. Mean ASR for the corn oil diet (1697+/-271 mg . d-1) was elevated (P<.05) relative to baseline (1081+/-170 mg . d-1) and olive oil (1034+/-140 mg . d-1) but not canola oil (1169+/-137 mg . d-1) diet phases. These data suggest a more rapid rate of cholesterol synthesis with consumption of corn oil versus olive oil diets, indicating differential mechanisms that control circulating cholesterol level control across plant oil types. C1 TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP JONES, PJH (reprint author), UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DIV HUMAN NUTR,2205 E MALL,VANCOUVER V6T 1W5,BC,CANADA. OI Jones, Peter/0000-0001-5887-2846 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-39326] NR 47 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 1049-8834 J9 ARTERIOSCLER THROMB JI Arterioscler. Thromb. PD APR PY 1994 VL 14 IS 4 BP 542 EP 548 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA NE051 UT WOS:A1994NE05100006 PM 8148352 ER PT J AU LICHTENSTEIN, AH AUSMAN, LM CARRASCO, W GUALTIERI, LJ JENNER, JL ORDOVAS, JM NICOLOSI, RJ GOLDIN, BR SCHAEFER, EJ AF LICHTENSTEIN, AH AUSMAN, LM CARRASCO, W GUALTIERI, LJ JENNER, JL ORDOVAS, JM NICOLOSI, RJ GOLDIN, BR SCHAEFER, EJ TI RICE BRAN OIL CONSUMPTION AND PLASMA-LIPID LEVELS IN MODERATELY HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC HUMANS SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; TRIGLYCERIDE; DIET; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; SATURATED FAT; MONOUNSATURATED FAT; POLYUNSATURATED FAT; NCEP; RICE BRAN OIL; CORN OIL; CANOLA OIL; OLIVE OIL ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; DIETARY PLANT STEROLS; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC ACTIVITY; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; SITOSTEROL; SITOSTANOL; METABOLISM; QUANTITATION; STIGMASTEROL AB The effect of rice bran oil, an oil not commonly consumed in the United States, on plasma lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations was studied within the context of a National Cholesterol Education Panel (NCEP) Step 2 diet and compared with the effects of canola, com, and olive oils. The study subjects were 15 middle-aged and elderly subjects (8 postmenopausal women and 7 men; age range, 44 to 78 years) with elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (C) concentrations (range, 133 to 219 mg/dL). Diets enriched in each of the test oils were consumed by each subject for 32-day periods in a double-blind fashion and were ordered in a Latin square design. All food and drink were provided by the metabolic research unit. Diet components were identical (17% of calories as protein, 53% as carbohydrate, 30% as fat [<7% as saturated fat], and 80 mg cholesterol/1000 kcal) except that two thirds of the fat in each diet was contributed by rice bran, canola, com, or olive oil. Mean+/-SD plasma total cholesterol concentrations were 192+/-19, 194+/-20, 194+/-19, and 205+/-19 mg/dL, and LDL-C concentrations were 109+/-30, 109+/-26, 108+/-31, and 112+/-29 mg/dL after consumption of the rice bran, canola, corn, and olive oil-enriched diets, respectively. Plasma cholesterol and LDL-C concentrations were similar and statistically indistinguishable when the subjects consumed the rice bran, canola, and com oil-enriched diets and lower than when they consumed the olive oil-enriched diet. Concentrations of very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL apolipoprotein (apo) B, apoA-I, and lipoprotein(a) and the total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apoB to apoA-I ratios were not significantly different during consumption of the different vegetable oil-enriched diets. Differences observed in the fasting state were maintained in the postprandial state. These data suggest that in middle-aged and elderly subjects with moderately elevated levels of LDL-C, consumption of diets enriched in rice bran oil results in plasma lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations and predictive ratios of cardiovascular risk that are similar to those of more commonly used vegetable oils in the United States. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,MEDFORD,MA 02155. TUFTS UNIV,DEPT COMMUNITY MED,MEDFORD,MA 02155. UNIV LOWELL,DEPT CLIN SCI,LOWELL,MA 01854. RP LICHTENSTEIN, AH (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-39326] NR 47 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 1049-8834 J9 ARTERIOSCLER THROMB JI Arterioscler. Thromb. PD APR PY 1994 VL 14 IS 4 BP 549 EP 556 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA NE051 UT WOS:A1994NE05100007 PM 8148353 ER PT J AU HAMER, TE FORSMAN, ED FUCHS, AD WALTERS, ML AF HAMER, TE FORSMAN, ED FUCHS, AD WALTERS, ML TI HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN BARRED AND SPOTTED OWLS SO AUK LA English DT Note C1 PUGET POWER & LIGHT CO, DEPT ENVIRONM SCI, BELLEVUE, WA 98009 USA. US FOREST SERV, FOOD SCI LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. RP HAMER, TE (reprint author), HAMER ENVIRONM, 615 STATE ST, SEDRO WOOLLEY, WA 98284 USA. NR 18 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 1994 VL 111 IS 2 BP 487 EP 492 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA NM641 UT WOS:A1994NM64100027 ER PT J AU MANNING, JG HARGIS, BM HINTON, A CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR CREGER, CR AF MANNING, JG HARGIS, BM HINTON, A CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR CREGER, CR TI EFFECT OF SELECTED ANTIBIOTICS AND ANTICOCCIDIALS ON SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS CECAL COLONIZATION AND ORGAN INVASION IN LEGHORN CHICKS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; DIETARY LACTOSE; BROILER-CHICKENS; FEED ADDITIVES; TYPHIMURIUM; MICROFLORA; RESISTANCE; INFECTIONS; FLORA AB One-day-old leghorn chicks were placed in floor pens on previously used poultry litter (potentially providing exposure to normal chicken enteric flora) for 7 days and provided feed containing one of several antibiotics or anticoccidials. On day 7, all groups were challenged orally with an isolate of Salmonella enteritidis (10(6) colony-forming units) that was resistant to bacitracin, novobiocin, nalidixic acid, and nitrofurazone. All chicks were killed on day 13, and liver, spleen, and cecal tonsils were cultured. Dietary administration of novobiocin (0.385 g/kg) caused a significant increase (P < 0.05) in positive chick colonization rate (either liver and spleen or cecal tonsils) compared with the unmedicated controls. Similarly, chicks administered dietary nitrofurazone (0.3 g/kg) were infected with S. enteritidis at a significantly greater frequency than the unmedicated controls. A significant decrease in cecal volatile fatty acid concentration, previously shown to influence susceptibility to selected enteric pathogens, was observed in the novobiocin- and nitrofurazone-treated groups. Treatment with chlortetracycline (11.4 g/kg), monensin (0.91 g/kg), or nicarbazin (0.49 g/kg) had no effect on S. enteritidis invasion or colonization. Bacitracin (0.49 g/kg) significantly increased S. enteritidiscecal colonization rate when administered continuously throughout the study. These data support and extend previous investigations involving other salmonellae and indicate that selected antibiotics may increase the severity and frequency of S. enteritidis colonization and invasion rate in leghorn chicks. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. RP MANNING, JG (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 38 IS 2 BP 256 EP 261 DI 10.2307/1591946 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NU125 UT WOS:A1994NU12500008 PM 7980273 ER PT J AU MARTIN, A LILLEHOJ, HS KASPERS, B BACON, LD AF MARTIN, A LILLEHOJ, HS KASPERS, B BACON, LD TI MITOGEN-INDUCED LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION AND INTERFERON-PRODUCTION FOLLOWING COCCIDIA INFECTION SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE LYMPHOCYTES; EIMERIA; CONCANAVALIN-A; INTERFERON; MHC; GENETICS ID GENETIC-CONTROL; EIMERIA-TENELLA; MEDIATED INHIBITION; CHICKEN LEUKOCYTES; AVIAN COCCIDIOSIS; CELLS; SUPPRESSION; IMMUNITY; MACROPHAGES; LYMPHOKINES AB Concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte proliferation and interferon production were measured following infection with Eimeria acervulina in lines of chickens congenic at the major histocompatibility complex and in two unrelated lines. Similar proliferation responses were seen for splenic and peripheral blood lymphocytes following primary but not secondary infection. Greater differences in lymphocyte proliferation were found between the congenic lines and unrelated lines than among the congenic lines. The congenic lines had very low responses to Con A, in terms of both lymphocyte proliferation and interferon production. At some times after infection, background proliferation in all lines was higher for infected than uninfected chickens, which was probably an indication of activated lymphocytes in the circulation. Mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and interferon production, although clearly affected by coccidial infection, were not reflective of severity of infection. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MUNICH,FAC VET MED,DEPT ANIM PHYSIOL,W-8000 MUNICH 2,GERMANY. USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 25 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 38 IS 2 BP 262 EP 268 DI 10.2307/1591947 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NU125 UT WOS:A1994NU12500009 PM 7526838 ER PT J AU DROLESKEY, RE OYOFO, BA HARGIS, BM CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR AF DROLESKEY, RE OYOFO, BA HARGIS, BM CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR TI EFFECT OF MANNOSE ON SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM-MEDIATED LOSS OF MUCOSAL EPITHELIAL INTEGRITY IN CULTURED CHICK INTESTINAL SEGMENTS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CYTO-TOXIN; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; COLONIZATION; ADHERENCE; PATHOGENESIS; ENTEROCYTES; INHIBITION; ADHESION; BACTERIA AB The effect of incubating Salmonella typhimurium and S. typhimurium cell-free extracts with isolated intestinal segments from 1-day-old chicks was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Incubation of segments with intact bacteria or with cell-free extract resulted in the loss of mucosal epithelial integrity after as little as 30 min incubation. Loss of mucosal epithelial integrity was evidenced by the complete shedding of the epithelium. The addition of 2.5% D-mannose to the incubation medium inhibited the loss of epithelial cells, whether intestinal segments were incubated with intact bacteria or with cell-free extract. These results indicate that S. typhimurium exerts a D-mannose-sensitive cytotoxic effect on the mucosal epithelium of isolated intestinal segments and that the cytotoxic effector is present in cell-free extracts of the bacteria. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP DROLESKEY, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,RT 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 38 IS 2 BP 275 EP 281 DI 10.2307/1591949 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NU125 UT WOS:A1994NU12500011 PM 7980275 ER PT J AU OPARA, OO CARR, LE TATE, CR MILLER, RG MALLINSON, ET STEWART, LE JOSEPH, SW AF OPARA, OO CARR, LE TATE, CR MILLER, RG MALLINSON, ET STEWART, LE JOSEPH, SW TI EVALUATION OF POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVES TO DOUBLE-STRENGTH SKIN MILK USED TO SATURATE DRAG SWABS FOR SALMONELLA DETECTION SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POULTRY FARMS; ENRICHMENT; MEDIA AB The drag-swab Salmonella screening technique was evaluated using less expensive alternatives to double-strength skim milk (2 x SM) as a saturating medium for drag swabs. Ten pre-determined Salmonella-positive poultry houses were studied. In the first phase, Salmonella screening efficiency of drag swabs impregnated with 2 x SM and commercially available canned Carnations evaporated skim milk (CESM) were compared. Results showed CESM to be a less efficient alternative. In the second phase of the study, the Salmonella screening efficiency of drag swabs impregnated with 2% buffered peptone water (BPW), physiological saline (PS), and distilled water (DW) were evaluated along with an unimpregnated drag swab (dry drag swab) (DD) as possible alternatives to 2 x SM. The efficiency of Salmonella detection using various impregnation treatments were in the following order: 2 x SM > PS > BPW > DW > DD. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MICROBIOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MAT,COLL PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,VIRGINIA MARYLAND REG COLL VET MED,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA,FOOD SAFETY INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 38 IS 2 BP 293 EP 296 DI 10.2307/1591952 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NU125 UT WOS:A1994NU12500014 PM 7980278 ER PT J AU CORRIER, DE HOLLISTER, AG NISBET, DJ SCANLAN, CM BEIER, RC DELOACH, JR AF CORRIER, DE HOLLISTER, AG NISBET, DJ SCANLAN, CM BEIER, RC DELOACH, JR TI COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS IN LEGHORN CHICKS - COMPARISON OF TREATMENT BY CROP GAVAGE, DRINKING-WATER, SPRAY, OR LYOPHILIZED ALGINATE BEADS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION; SALMONELLA; LEGHORN CHICKS; ALGINATE BEADS ID INTESTINAL MICROFLORA; BROILER-CHICKENS; DIETARY LACTOSE; COLONIZATION; INFECTION; PREVENTION; PROTECTION; CULTURES; RELEASE; FLORA AB The protective effect of cecal bacteria cultures on Salmonella enteritidiscecal colonization was evaluated. Competitive-exclusion cultures were administered by crop gavage, in first drinking water, by whole body spray, or encapsulated in alginate beads and provided in feed pans. Leghorn chicks were treated with cultures of cecal bacteria on the day of hatch and challenged orally with 10(4) S. enteritidis 2 days after treatment. Salmonella cecal colonization was evaluated 7 days after challenge. No Salmonella organisms were detected in the ceca of chicks treated with cecal cultures by crop gavage. Chicks treated with cecal cultures in the drinking water or by spray application showed comparable protection and significant decreases (P < 0.05) in the number of Salmonella in the cecal contents compared with untreated controls. The consumption of cecal bacteria encapsulated in alginate beads significantly decreased (P < 0.05) Salmonella cecal colonization compared with control treatment, but it provided less protection than the other treatment methods evaluated. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP CORRIER, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 38 IS 2 BP 297 EP 303 DI 10.2307/1591953 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NU125 UT WOS:A1994NU12500015 PM 7980279 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, JH AF EDWARDS, JH TI DIRECT LAND APPLICATION OF WASTE PAPER SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article RP EDWARDS, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP 69 EP 72 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA NG737 UT WOS:A1994NG73700013 ER PT J AU BRONSON, KF MOSIER, AR AF BRONSON, KF MOSIER, AR TI SUPPRESSION OF METHANE OXIDATION IN AEROBIC SOIL BY NITROGEN FERTILIZERS, NITRIFICATION INHIBITORS, AND UREASE INHIBITORS SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE METHANE CONSUMPTION; METHANOTROPHS; UREA; AMMONIUM OXIDATION; DIFFERENTIAL INHIBITION ID TRIAMIDE; AMMONIA; HYDROLYSIS; ACETYLENE; OXIDE; BATH AB Concentrations of CH4, a potent greenhouse gas, have been increasing in the atmosphere at the rate of 1% per year. The objective of these laboratory studies was to measure the effect of different forms of inorganic N and various N-transformation inhibitors on CH4 oxidation in soil. NH4+ oxidation was also measured in the presence of the inhibitors to determine whether they had differential activity with respect to CH4 and NH4+ oxidation. The addition of NH4Cl at 25 mug N g-1 soil strongly inhibited (78-89%) CH4 oxidation in the surface layer (0-15 cm) of a fine sandy loam and a sandy clay loam (native shortgrass prairie soils). The nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin (5 mug g-1 soil) inhibited CH4 oxidation as effectively as did NH4Cl in the fine sandy loam (82-89%, but less effectively in the sandy clay loam (52-66%. Acetylene (5 mumol mol-1 in soil headspace) had a strong (76-100%) inhibitory effect on CH4 consumption in both soils. The phosphoroamide (urease inhibitor) N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) showed strong inhibition of CH4 consumption at 25 mug g-1 soil in the fine sandy loam (83%) in the sandy clay loam (60%), but NH4+ oxidation inhibition was weak in both soils (13-17%). The discovery that the urease inhibitor NBPT inhibits CH4 oxidation was unexpected, and the mechanism involved is unknown. C1 USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. NR 28 TC 114 Z9 119 U1 5 U2 24 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD APR PY 1994 VL 17 IS 4 BP 263 EP 268 DI 10.1007/BF00383979 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA NK994 UT WOS:A1994NK99400004 ER PT J AU KOENIG, RT COCHRAN, VL AF KOENIG, RT COCHRAN, VL TI DECOMPOSITION AND NITROGEN MINERALIZATION FROM LEGUME AND NON-LEGUME CROP RESIDUES IN A SUB-ARCTIC AGRICULTURAL SOIL SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE CROP RESIDUES; DECOMPOSITION; N-MINERALIZATION; SUB-ARCTIC SOIL; ALFALFA; FABA BEAN; BARLEY; RAPE ID WHEAT STRAW DECOMPOSITION; BARLEY STRAW; FIELD CONDITIONS; WEIGHT-LOSS; LITTER AB An understanding of the C and N dynamics of crop residues is important for efficient nutrient management. The present experiment was conducted to determine the rate of mass and N loss from alfalfa, faba bean, barley, and rape crop residues in a subarctic agricultural soil. Mass, C, and N losses were measured from residues contained in mesh bags and placed on the soil surface or buried 15 cm below the surface. The mass loss from October, 1988, to May, 1989, was the same for surface and buried alfalfa, barley, and rape residues, averaging 40, 20, and 61%, respectively, while surface and buried faba bean residue sustained 30 and 40% mass loss, respectively. The mass loss of the buried residues continued over the summer but not of those placed on the soil surface, resulting in an average 23% greater mass loss of the buried materials after 1 year. The N loss from October to May was similar from the surface and from the buried placements for the alfalfa, faba bean, and rape residues, averaging 11.3, 10.3 and 38.4 g N kg-1 residue, respectively, while the surface and buried barley lost 2.9 and 4.2 g N kg-1, respectively. The C:N ratio of all of the residues increased during the winter. These data indicate that the rate of decomposition and N mineralization from crop residues in subarctic environments can equal that measured in temperate climates. Furthermore, the concurrent loss of mass and N combined with an increase in the C:N ratio of the residues suggests that physical rather than biological processes were functioning during the winter. Most of the mass and N loss from these residues occurred during the winter, out of phase with crop demand, thereby creating the potential for N loss from the system and inefficient use of crop residue N. C1 USDA ARS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP KOENIG, RT (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,AGR & FORESTRY EXPT STN,309 ONEILL BLDG,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD APR PY 1994 VL 17 IS 4 BP 269 EP 275 DI 10.1007/BF00383980 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA NK994 UT WOS:A1994NK99400005 ER PT J AU WILL, ME WILSON, DM WICKLOW, DT AF WILL, ME WILSON, DM WICKLOW, DT TI EVALUATION OF PAECILOMYCES-LILACINUS, CHITIN, AND CELLULOSE AMENDMENTS IN THE BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS FUNGI SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE BIOCONTROL; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS; PAECILOMYCES-LILACINUS; SCLEROTIA ID FIELD SOILS; NIGER GROUP; SCLEROTIA AB This study was undertaken to investigate the feasibility of using Paecilomyces lilacinus NRRL 13 866, chitin, and cellulose amendments, in order to reduce survival and prevent germination of sclerotia from Aspergillus flavus NRRL 65 56, NRRL 13 048, and A. parasiticus NRRL 13 005, NRRL 13 539 buried in sandy soil in Georgia and Illinois (April-October, 1990). The number of sclerotia that germinated sporogenically in moist chambers following burial in Illinois was twice that of sclerotia buried in Georgia and varied among the four sclerotium-producing Aspergillus spp. strains. Sclerotium viability, as measured by Aspergillus spp. colony formation on potato dextrose agar, was high (> 84%) for all strains and treatments (e.g., amendment, location). Even so, A. parasiticus NRRL 13 539 sclerotia were apparently more susceptible to P. lilacinus colonization than sclerotia from other strains. Treatment with Paecilomyces sp. caused a small but significant reduction in germination among sclerotia buried in Georgia. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP WILL, ME (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD APR PY 1994 VL 17 IS 4 BP 281 EP 284 DI 10.1007/BF00383982 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA NK994 UT WOS:A1994NK99400007 ER PT J AU STANKOGOLDEN, KM SWANK, WT FITZGERALD, JW AF STANKOGOLDEN, KM SWANK, WT FITZGERALD, JW TI FACTORS AFFECTING SULFATE ADSORPTION, ORGANIC SULFUR FORMATION, AND MOBILIZATION IN FOREST AND GRASSLAND SPODOSOLS SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE SULFATE ADSORPTION; ORGANIC-S FORMATION; ORGANIC-S MOBILIZATION ID SOILS; TRANSFORMATIONS; DESORPTION; SORPTION; ALUMINUM; OXIDES; LITTER; IRON; ION AB Forest and grassland soils that contained varying amounts of Fe and Al were collected from England and Wales. Fractionation of free Fe and Al was accomplished to determine which components affected sulfate adsorption. Organic Fe and Al were the dominant fractions in most soil horizons and high amounts of these organically bound metals and, to some extent, crystalline Fe oxide were associated with high sulfate adsorption potentials. These adsorption potentials reflected naturally occurring amounts of adsorbed sulfate and ester sulfate. Overall, the C content exhibited a positive relationship with sulfate adsorption potentials. Soils with a high C content also exhibited high rates of organic S formation. The rate of organic S mobilization was greater in soils with higher amounts of soluble sulfate. Organic S was the largest pool and, typically, sulfonate S was the most abundant constituent of the organic pool. C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,OTTO,NC 28763. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT MICROBIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD APR PY 1994 VL 17 IS 4 BP 289 EP 296 DI 10.1007/BF00383984 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA NK994 UT WOS:A1994NK99400009 ER PT J AU PHILLIPPY, BQ AF PHILLIPPY, BQ TI RELIABLE LUMINESCENT DETECTION OF SUBPICOMOLE AMOUNTS OF ATP USING A SCINTILLATION-COUNTER SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note RP PHILLIPPY, BQ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD APR PY 1994 VL 16 IS 4 BP 596 EP 598 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA NE764 UT WOS:A1994NE76400009 PM 8024775 ER PT J AU PARK, YH KOHEL, RJ AF PARK, YH KOHEL, RJ TI EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION OF MGCL2 ON RANDOM-AMPLIFIED DNA POLYMORPHISM SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note AB The influence of MgCl2 concentration on products in PCR to generate random-amplified polylmorphic DNA (RAPD) was evaluated between two highly polymorphic cotton lines. Varying the concentration of Mg Cl-2 (1.5 to 6.0 mM) in the PCR mixtures es resulted in both quantitative differences in RAPD PCR-deriven DNA bands and quantitative changes in the DNA band patterns. The optimum concentration of MgCl2 was within the range of 1.5 to 4.5 mM in the PCR mixtures for 154 of 200 random primers tested. The optimum concentration of MgCl2 for each primer was independent of the GC/AT ratio of the primer and the number of DNA band(s) amplified C1 USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 7 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 9 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD APR PY 1994 VL 16 IS 4 BP 652 EP & PG 0 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA NE764 UT WOS:A1994NE76400021 PM 8024785 ER PT J AU PIAZZA, GJ BROWER, DP PARRADIAZ, D AF PIAZZA, GJ BROWER, DP PARRADIAZ, D TI SYNTHESIS OF FATTY-ACID HYDROPEROXIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF ORGANIC-SOLVENT USING IMMOBILIZED LIPOXYGENASE SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN LIPOXYGENASE-1; LINOLEIC-ACID; LIPASE; OXIDATION AB Lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.12) catalyses the dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, forming their corresponding hydroperoxides. The ability of immobilized lipoxygenase to introduce oxygen derived from air into linoleic acid in a medium containing organic solvent and aqueous buffer was investigated. Reaction medium parameters such as the level of aqueous buffer, buffer pH, type of organic solvent, reaction temperature and lipoxygenase level were altered to test their influence upon the degree of oxygenation. The time course of oxygenation was followed, and the resulting data were analysed by non-linear regression to determine the maximum hydroperoxide that could be generated, as well as the reaction half-time. The results demonstrated that the highest efficiency in hydroperoxide formation occurs when the oxygenation reaction is conducted relatively rapidly, although not so rapidly as to cause the reaction milieu to become anaerobic. In an optimized reaction medium at 15 degrees C containing 15 ml of water-saturated octane, 6 ml (35%, v/v) 0.2 M berate buffer, pH 9.0, 40 mg of linoleic acid, and immobilized lipoxygenase containing 3.0 mg of protein, a yield of hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid greater than 80% was obtained from linoleic acid in 2 h. H.p.l.c. analysis showed that approx. 97% of the product was 13-hydroperoxy-octadeca-9,11(Z,E)-dienoic acid. The procedure developed is an improvement over those previously published, in that lipoxygenase and the hydroperoxide product are easily separated, only air at atmospheric pressure is needed as the source of oxygen and no surfactant is required. RP PIAZZA, GJ (reprint author), US ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. OI Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0885-4513 J9 BIOTECHNOL APPL BIOC JI Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. PD APR PY 1994 VL 19 BP 243 EP 252 PN 2 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA NF276 UT WOS:A1994NF27600010 ER PT J AU BOTHAST, RJ SAHA, BC FLOSENZIER, AV INGRAM, LO AF BOTHAST, RJ SAHA, BC FLOSENZIER, AV INGRAM, LO TI FERMENTATION OF L-ARABINOSE, D-XYLOSE AND D-GLUCOSE BY ETHANOLOGENIC RECOMBINANT KLEBSIELLA-OXYTOCA STRAIN P2 SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PACHYSOLEN-TANNOPHILUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PICHIA-STIPITIS; SUGARS AB Recombinant Klebsiella oxytoca strain P2 carrying genes for pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase from Zymomonas mobilis was evaluated for its ability to ferment arabinose, xylose and glucose alone and in mixtures in pH-controlled batch fermentations. This organism produced 0.34-0.43 g ethanol/g sugar at pH 6.0 and 30 degrees C on 8% sugar substrate and demonstrated a preference for glucose. Sugar utilization was glucose > arabinose > xylose and ethanol production was xylose > glucose > arabinose. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT MICROBIOL & CELL SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP BOTHAST, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 12 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 3 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD APR PY 1994 VL 16 IS 4 BP 401 EP 406 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA NK141 UT WOS:A1994NK14100016 ER PT J AU SHERALD, JL SANTAMOUR, FS HAJELA, RK HAJELA, N STICKLEN, MB AF SHERALD, JL SANTAMOUR, FS HAJELA, RK HAJELA, N STICKLEN, MB TI A DUTCH ELM DISEASE RESISTANT TRIPLOID ELM SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORMATION; FRAGMENTS AB A naturally occurring triploid elm hybrid was found in the American elm, Ulmus americana L., planting on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Chromosome examinations of mitosis in root tips and meiosis in pollen mother cells showed a chromosome complement of 2n = 3x = 42. The chromosome alignment at meiotic metaphase I was predominantly 14 bivalents and 14 univalents, indicating that one parent was an American elm, which contributed the bivalents through autosyndetic pairing. When DNA underwent restriction digestion with HindIII and probed with a 9.5-kilobase cloned ribosomal DNA fragment from pea, Pisum sativum L., the triploid hybrid showed a band not found in American elms. Seed from the open-pollinated parent tree had low viability and seedlings were highly variable in height, leaf size, and shape. The small leaves of some seedlings suggest that the other parent was a species with leaves smaller than American elm. The hybrid was found to be resistant to Ophiostoma ulmi (Buis.) Nannf. When twig crotches were inoculated, only 14% developed wilt compared with 63% in the American elm. None of the 22 hybrid trees inoculated developed systemic wilt compared with 8 of the 18 American elms inoculated. The hybrid, which is easily propagated by softwood cuttings, has rapid growth, good crown structure, and many characteristics of the American elm. C1 USDA ARS,US NATL ARBORETUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20002. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT MED,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,PESTICIDE RES CTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP SHERALD, JL (reprint author), US DEPT INTERIOR,NATL BIOL SURVEY,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,CTR URBAN ECOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20007, USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 1994 VL 24 IS 4 BP 647 EP 653 DI 10.1139/x94-087 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA NR019 UT WOS:A1994NR01900001 ER PT J AU REHFELDT, GE AF REHFELDT, GE TI GENETIC-STRUCTURE OF WESTERN RED CEDAR POPULATIONS IN THE INTERIOR WEST SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID USA AB Forty-one seedling populations of western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don) were compared in five environmentally disparate common gardens. Separate tests of 25 wind-pollinated families from a single population were conducted on two of the sites. Genetic differences among populations and families were detected for variables related to growth and winter hardiness. Statistically significant multiple regression models with R2 values as high as 0:53 related genetic variation among populations to the elevation and geographic origin of the seed. The slope of the clines, however, was so gentle that populations must be separated by about 600 m in elevation or by 2-degrees latitude before one can be reasonably certain of genetic differentiation. While genetic variation among families suggests that gains in the growth of western red cedar can be made through tree breeding, establishing evaluation trials for estimating genetic variances, breeding values, and responses to selection is problematic on sites in the interior. RP REHFELDT, GE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,1221 S MAIN ST,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 1994 VL 24 IS 4 BP 670 EP 680 DI 10.1139/x94-090 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA NR019 UT WOS:A1994NR01900004 ER PT J AU MINORE, D WEATHERLY, HG AF MINORE, D WEATHERLY, HG TI EFFECTS OF PARTIAL BARK REMOVAL ON THE GROWTH OF PACIFIC YEW SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note ID TAXOL AB Whole-tree harvest of Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia Nutt.) to provide bark for production of the new anticancer drug taxol may adversely affect stand structure where yews provide thermal cover, browse, or riparian benefits. Harvesting only a portion of the bark on standing trees would maintain existing stand structure if the affected trees continued to grow, but partial bark removal seldom has been applied because its long-term effects are unknown. We measured 121 yews that had been scarred by windthrow or logging damage 3-92 years ago and found that their growth did not differ significantly from the growth of nearby unscarred yews. Radial growth of the scarred trees was strongly correlated with growth before scarring; it was slightly associated with overstory canopy density, elevation, and the amount of bark removed. Partial bark removal from one side of the tree probably will not seriously affect the growth of Pacific yew if less than 50% of the bark is removed. RP MINORE, D (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 1994 VL 24 IS 4 BP 860 EP 862 DI 10.1139/x94-112 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA NR019 UT WOS:A1994NR01900026 ER PT J AU WADDINGTON, J SHOOP, MC AF WADDINGTON, J SHOOP, MC TI USING SMALL TUBES TO MEASURE ROOT ELONGATION OF NEWLY GERMINATED ALFALFA SEEDLINGS IN RELATION TO MOISTURE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA; SEEDLING; ROOT ELONGATION; MOISTURE STRESS; MEDICAGO SALIVA ID EMERGENCE AB A method of growing newly germinated seedlings in small tubes was developed to enable the study of early root elongation. Three newly germinated alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) seeds were placed in tubes of various diameters and volumes filled with sand at several moisture tensions, and the tubes were sealed to prevent moisture loss. For the first 4 d, roots elongated at approximately 8 mm d(-1) in polyvinyl chloride plastic tubes holding 60 mL of sand with a moisture tension of 100 kPa or less. After the initial 4 d, root elongation continued at a slower rate, and branch roots developed before termination of the experiments at 12 d after germination. At a moisture tension of 300 kPa, root elongation was markedly less than at 100 kPa, and was zero at moisture tensions of 500 kPa or greater. In round-bottom glass tubes, root elongation rate was significantly slower in a sand volume of 23 mL than in 65 mL, and there was evidence of slower seedling development as the diameter of the tubes was reduced from 20 to 15 mm. Wax plus masking tape or nylon tape were equally effective in sealing the sides of tubes formed from the two halves of a plastic pipe previously cut lengthwise. A plastic cap plus wax was significantly better than plastic film for sealing the bottom ends of plastic tubes. Neither aeration nor replacement of water with a dilute nutrient solution had an effect on root elongation of young seedlings. C1 USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP WADDINGTON, J (reprint author), AGR CANADA,RES STN,POB 1030,SWIFT CURRENT S9H 3X2,SK,CANADA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 74 IS 2 BP 215 EP 219 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NP383 UT WOS:A1994NP38300001 ER PT J AU HELZLSOUER, KJ BLOCK, G BLUMBERG, J DIPLOCK, AT LEVINE, M MARNETT, LJ SCHULPLEIN, RJ SPENCE, JT SIMIC, MG AF HELZLSOUER, KJ BLOCK, G BLUMBERG, J DIPLOCK, AT LEVINE, M MARNETT, LJ SCHULPLEIN, RJ SPENCE, JT SIMIC, MG TI SUMMARY OF THE ROUND-TABLE DISCUSSION ON STRATEGIES FOR CANCER PREVENTION - DIET, FOOD, ADDITIVES, SUPPLEMENTS, AND DRUGS SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LARGE-BOWEL CANCER; BETA-CAROTENE; ASCORBIC-ACID; COLON CANCER; ASPIRIN USE; VITAMIN-E; RISK; SAFETY; FOLATE AB A Round Table Discussion was held at the Fourth International Conference on Anticarcinogenesis and Radiation Protection. Scientists from government and academia were brought together to discuss the evidence for the preventive effect of foods, specific nutrients and drugs against cancer, and the most appropriate methods of initiating nutritional cancer prevention activities to improve the health of the public. The panel reviewed the epidemiological evidence of the role of diet and specific micronutrients for the prevention of cancer, the doses of specific micronutrients required for preventive effects and their safety, the evidence for aspirin as a chemopreventive agent, the issue of foods versus specific micronutrients in the prevention of cancer, food safety, and approaches to prevention such as food fortification or dietary supplements. The remarks of the panel members are summarized. C1 UNIV LONDON, GUYS HOSP, DIV BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL, FREE RAD RES GRP, LONDON SE1 9RJ, ENGLAND. NIDDKD, CELL BIOL & GENET, BETHESDA, MD USA. VANDERBILT UNIV, MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM, AB HANCOCK JR MEM LAB CANC RES, NASHVILLE, TN 37232 USA. US FDA, CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20204 USA. USDA, BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. UNIV PENN, DEPT RADIAT ONCOL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, SCH PUBL HLTH, DEPT SOCIAL & ADM HLTH SCI, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. RP HELZLSOUER, KJ (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH, DEPT EPIDEMIOL, 615 N WOLFE ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. RI Block, Gladys/E-3304-2010 NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD APR 1 PY 1994 VL 54 IS 7 SU S BP S2044 EP S2051 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA NE168 UT WOS:A1994NE16800037 ER PT J AU SKILES, JW HANSON, JD AF SKILES, JW HANSON, JD TI RESPONSES OF ARID AND SEMIARID WATERSHEDS TO INCREASING CARBON-DIOXIDE AND CLIMATE-CHANGE AS SHOWN BY SIMULATION STUDIES SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SPUR MODEL; STREAMFLOW; RANGELAND; HYDROLOGY; SCENARIOS; RUNOFF; CROP AB The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide is expected to double in the next century causing increased temperatures and decreasing precipitation in some regions of the U.S. The increase in CO2 will also directly affect stomatal conductance of plants. At the first-order watershed scale, changes in evaporative demand, transpiration, and runoff will also occur. Previous modeling studies of the effect of increased CO2 on the water budgets of watersheds have been single-factor exercises where a single parameter representing stomatal conductance was reduced and the results noted. After showing validation results of the hydrology module, we used a comprehensive ecosystem model to examine the consequences of changes in precipitation, temperature, and CO2-induced plant-function characteristics on small-basin runoff. As a result of the complex interactions and of the compensatory mechanisms simulated by the model, we conclude that for arid and semiarid watersheds of the western United States, there will be little change or an actual decrease in surface runoff because of increased CO2 and climate change. This is due to the decrease in precipitation imposed on the model simulations. Implementing stomatal closure in the model did not increase runoff from the watersheds when temperatures were increased and precipitation decreased. C1 USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP SKILES, JW (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,JOHNSON CONTROLS WORLD SERV,MAIL STOP 242-4,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD APR PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 377 EP 397 DI 10.1007/BF01094403 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NQ960 UT WOS:A1994NQ96000003 ER PT J AU SALTZMAN, E MASON, JB JACQUES, PF SELHUB, J SALEM, D SCHAEFER, EJ TURISSINI, C BENDICH, A ROSENBERG, IH AF SALTZMAN, E MASON, JB JACQUES, PF SELHUB, J SALEM, D SCHAEFER, EJ TURISSINI, C BENDICH, A ROSENBERG, IH TI VITAMIN-B SUPPLEMENTATION LOWERS HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS IN HEART-DISEASE SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRC,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2 BP A172 EP A172 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA NF020 UT WOS:A1994NF02000346 ER PT J AU GOLDBERG, WM HOPKINS, TL HOLL, SM SCHAEFER, J KRAMER, KJ MORGAN, TD KIM, K AF GOLDBERG, WM HOPKINS, TL HOLL, SM SCHAEFER, J KRAMER, KJ MORGAN, TD KIM, K TI CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION OF THE SCLEROTIZED BLACK CORAL SKELETON (COELENTERATA, ANTIPATHARIA) - A COMPARISON OF 2 SPECIES SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTIPATHARIA; BLACK CORAL SKELETON; ANTIPATHIN; DIPHENOLS; SCLEROTIZATION; CHITIN; ANTIPATHES FIORDENSIS; ANTIPATHES SALIX ID LEPTOGORGIA-VIRGULATA CNIDARIA; INSECT CUTICLE; CELLULAR STRUCTURE; ULTRASTRUCTURE; CHEMISTRY; FIORDENSIS; GORGONACEA; APERTA; NMR AB The chemical composition of the skeletons of two black coral species, Antipathes fiordensis from New Zealand and A. salix from the Caribbean, was examined to compare elemental and protein composition, and the chitin content both between species and between colonial tip and base. Of all elements surveyed, iodine and bromine were dominant in the skeleton. In A. fiordensis these halogens constituted 2-3% of the skeletal weight, with different proportions occurring in tip and base. In contrast, the halogen content of A. salix constituted about 5% of the skeletal weight and consisted primarily of iodine in both tip and base. The chitin content of A. salix skeleton was about twice that of A. fiordensis based on C-13 NMR analysis, but the glucosamine content was more significantly different between tip to base of A. fiordensis than between species, and suggests that the chitin content of both is about 10-15% of the skeletal weight. The protein content of the two species was similar, constituting about 50% of the skeletal weight and varying by as much as 10% between the branch tip and base. Tip-to-base protein differences varied inversely with the chitin content. The skeletal proteins were rich in histidine, which constituted ca 11-14% of the amino acids. Both species also contained a tyrosine-rich fraction associated with chitin, The most distinctive difference between the skeletal proteins of the two species was the disparity in the levels and types of diphenol as shown by C-13 NMR and chemical analyses. In A. fiordensis, the skeleton contained about four and 12 times as much hydrolyzable DOPA in tip and base, respectively, compared to A. salix. Small amounts of 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde were also present in A. fiordensis skeleton, but none was found in A. salix. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. RP GOLDBERG, WM (reprint author), FLORIDA INT UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,UNIV PK CAMPUS,MIAMI,FL 33199, USA. NR 59 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 107 IS 4 BP 633 EP 643 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(94)90197-X PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA NF560 UT WOS:A1994NF56000022 ER PT J AU KWOK, SCM DAI, G MCMURTRY, JP AF KWOK, SCM DAI, G MCMURTRY, JP TI MOLECULAR-CLONING AND SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS OF THE CDNA-ENCODING PORCINE ACROSIN INHIBITOR SO DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHENOL-CHLOROFORM EXTRACTION; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; SINGLE-STEP METHOD; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; SEMINAL-VESICLE; RNA ISOLATION; PSP-II; PROTEINS; PURIFICATION; CALTRIN AB A full-length cDNA encoding the porcine acrosin inhibitor has been isolated from a boar seminal vesicle cDNA library. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 667-bp cDNA predicts a precursor protein of 97 amino acid residues, which includes a 26-residue signal peptide and a 71-residue secreted protein. The predicted amino acid sequence of the mature protein agrees completely with that of the sperm-associated acrosin inhibitor determined by conventional amino acid sequence analysis. However, the asparagine/aspartic acid and glutamine/glutamic acid substitutions, as reported in the seminal plasma counterpart, have not been observed. Southern blot analysis shows only a single hybridizing band with three different restriction endonucleases, suggesting the presence of a single copy of the acrosin inhibitor gene in the porcine genome. C1 USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP KWOK, SCM (reprint author), ALBERT EINSTEIN MED CTR,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,5501 OLD YORK RD,KORMAN 214,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19141, USA. OI Kwok, Simon/0000-0001-6003-5350 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 1044-5498 J9 DNA CELL BIOL JI DNA Cell Biol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 13 IS 4 BP 389 EP 394 DI 10.1089/dna.1994.13.389 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA NL871 UT WOS:A1994NL87100007 PM 8011165 ER PT J AU MATTERI, RL BECKER, BA AF MATTERI, RL BECKER, BA TI SOMATOTROPH, LACTOTROPH AND THYROTROPH FUNCTION IN 3-WEEK-OLD GILTS REARED IN A HOT OR COOL ENVIRONMENT SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-HORMONE; PROLACTIN SECRETION; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; TEMPERATURE; RELEASE; SWINE; PIGS; PERFORMANCE; METABOLITES AB The influence of the thermal environment on the ability of the pituitary gland to secrete growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was examined in gilts reared under hot (H: 27-32 degrees C, 50-90% RH, n = 6) or cool (C: 20 degrees C, 50% RH, n = 6) conditions. Piglets were sacrificed at 3 wks of age. Pituitary cells from each animal were cultured and exposed to vehicle (culture medium); .1, 1, and 10 nM thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH); .1, 1, and 10 nM growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH); 59 mM KCl; 2 mM 8-Br-cAMP; and 100 nM phorbol myristate acetate. Rearing in the H, compared to the C, environment increased plasma PRL concentrations (p<.001), in vitro PRL secretion subsequent to all secretagogue treatments (p<.001), and cellular PRL content (p<.001). The stimulated release of TSH in culture was reduced (p<.001), but cellular TSH content was increased (p<.05) by exposure to the H environment. The total amount of TSH in culture (secreted + cellular) was not affected by thermal environment. The release of GH in vitro cellular GH content, total GH in culture, and plasma GH concentrations were similar between H and C groups. The only dose-response curves that differed in slope between thermal groups were those produced by the TSH response to TRH (p<.001). The results of this study suggest that chronic exposure to a hot environment can 1) enhance PRL secretion by a mechanism which affects the quantity of releasable PRL rather than lactotroph sensitivity to secretagogues and 2) reduce TSH secretion by inhibiting thyrotroph secretory response to stimulation. RP MATTERI, RL (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,ANIM SCI RES CTR,ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT,ROOM S-143,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 11 IS 2 BP 217 EP 226 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(94)90029-9 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA NG067 UT WOS:A1994NG06700007 PM 8045103 ER PT J AU HOOK, B SHUMAN, D AF HOOK, B SHUMAN, D TI DIGITAL I O WITH THE PC SO DR DOBBS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLER FREEMAN, INC PI SAN MATEO PA 411 BOREL AVE, SAN MATEO, CA 94402-3522 SN 1044-789X J9 DR DOBBS J JI Dr. Dobbs J. PD APR PY 1994 VL 19 IS 4 BP 64 EP & PG 0 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA MZ608 UT WOS:A1994MZ60800015 ER PT J AU SPENCER, DF AF SPENCER, DF TI ESTIMATING THE IMPACT OF TRIPLOID GRASS CARP ON SAGO PONDWEED IN THE BYRNES CANAL - IMPLICATIONS FOR BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA IRRIGATION SYSTEMS SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article ID POTAMOGETON-PECTINATUS L; GRAMINEUS L; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; LIGHT; DEPTH AB This paper describes a program which simulates growth of the aquatic plant, Potamogeton pectinatus L. (sago pondweed), and plant consumption by the herbivorous fish, Ctenopharyngodon idella Val (triploid grass carp), under environmental conditions characteristic of a northern California irrigation system. In the program, plant growth is driven by temperature and light intensity, and grass carp feeding and growth by water temperature. The program uses data on these variables collected from the Byrnes Canal using data loggers which recorded temperature and light at 0.5-h intervals on 115 days during the summer of 1989. Less extensive data sets from two other canals were used to construct realistic simulation scenarios for canals with warmer or cooler water temperatures. The program provided reasonable predictions of plant growth, plant consumption by the fish, and fish growth. Simulations showed that using triploid grass carp in northern California irrigation systems that typically have cool water temperatures (12 to 24-degrees-C) would require more fish (50 or 250 kg vegetated ha 1 depending on the management objectives) than previous simulations for lakes in the U.S. would suggest. Evaluation of two management strategies indicated that stocking grass carp at 50 kg vegetated ha-1 in the first year, and retrieving and releasing them in subsequent years would be economically competitive with current management practices. RP SPENCER, DF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA,ARS,DEPT BOT,AQUAT WEED LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD APR PY 1994 VL 72 IS 3-4 BP 187 EP 204 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(94)90083-3 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NH377 UT WOS:A1994NH37700003 ER PT J AU WILDER, JW VOORHIS, N COLBERT, JJ SHAROV, A AF WILDER, JW VOORHIS, N COLBERT, JJ SHAROV, A TI A 3 VARIABLE DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATION MODEL FOR GYPSY-MOTH POPULATION-DYNAMICS SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article ID CHAOS AB The dynamics of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), populations are extremely complex. As a result, many of the models which have been proposed to model these populations are likewise very complicated. This complexity makes analysis of the underlying dynamics difficult. In this work a model is proposed which involves only three variables: gypsy moth biomass density, foliage biomass density and natural enemy biomass density. The dynamics of this model are shown to include period doubling as a route to chaos, among other interesting nonlinear phenomena. The model also evidences similar behavior to that noted from field studies in which researchers attempted to artificially stimulate outbreaks of gypsy moths. While these attempts failed in nature and in the model, the model predicts that under certain circumstances it may be possible to stimulate these outbreaks. C1 US FOREST SERV NE FOREST EXPT STN,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. RP WILDER, JW (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,DEPT MATH,POB 6310,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD APR PY 1994 VL 72 IS 3-4 BP 229 EP 250 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(94)90085-X PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NH377 UT WOS:A1994NH37700005 ER PT J AU JACKSON, LL DEWALD, CL AF JACKSON, LL DEWALD, CL TI PREDICTING EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES OF GREATER REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT IN TRIPSACUM-DACTYLOIDES, A PERENNIAL GRASS SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C4 GRASS; DEFOLIATION; EASTERN GAMAGRASS; LIFE HISTORY; OKLAHOMA; PERENNIAL GRASS; REPRODUCTIVE COST; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; SEED YIELD COMPONENTS; TILLER DYNAMICS; TRIPSACUM-DACTYLOIDES ID ASSIMILATE DISTRIBUTION; EASTERN GAMAGRASS; FRUIT PRODUCTION; LOLIUM-PERENNE; PLANTS; ALLOCATION; GROWTH; COSTS; DEFOLIATION; FEMALE AB To test the prediction that a mutation causing greater reproductive effort will result in reduced vegetative vigor, we compared the seed production, growth, and carbohydrate status of normal and pistillate genotypes of the grass Tripsacum dactyloides differing in seed production by up to fourfold. We evaluated the costs of reproduction by two methods: experimental manipulation of reproductive effort and comparison of high- and low-yielding genotypes. Despite the large difference in seed production, normal and pistillate (high-yielding) genotypes did not differ in growth rate over a 1-yr period. Contrary to predictions, carbohydrate reserves in the high-yielding genotype were significantly higher at the peak of the seed ripening period. Stalk defoliation and complete removal of seed stalks reduced plant growth rate, total aboveground biomass, and biomass of vegetative storage organs, especially when plants were also under stress from biweekly defoliation. However, stalk removal caused increased rates of growth in the year after experimental manipulations. Reproductive tillers were costly to the plant in terms of lost meristems and therefore future plant size, but seed costs were contained within reproductive tillers of both genotypes, explaining the lack of a trade-off in the high-yielding, pistillate genotype. Although experimental reduction of reproductive effort revealed a cost of reproduction, this result could not be used to correctly predict the consequences of a gene for greater seed production. C1 CORNELL UNIV,ECOL & SYSTEMAT LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,WOODWARD,OK 73801. NR 65 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 1994 VL 75 IS 3 BP 627 EP 641 DI 10.2307/1941721 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NE029 UT WOS:A1994NE02900005 ER PT J AU KNIGHT, RJ SCHNELL, RJ AF KNIGHT, RJ SCHNELL, RJ TI MANGO INTRODUCTION IN FLORIDA AND THE HADEN CULTIVARS SIGNIFICANCE TO THE MODERN INDUSTRY SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE MANGIFERA-INDICA; TROPICAL POMOLOGY; FRUIT BREEDING AB Mango (Mangifera indica L.) introductions to Florida began in 1861 with the importation of 'No. 11', a polyembryonic, seed-propagated (nucellar) cultivar from Cuba. In the 1880s a collection of Cuban mangos was established near Bradenton. One resulting popular cultivar was 'Turpentine', now widely used as a rootstock. The U.S. Department of Agriculture introduced 'Mulgoba, an improved cultivar, from India, in 1889. Other mangos were later brought from India, Vietnam, the Philippines, Thailand. Israel, Australia and Kenya. Related Mangifera species were collected in East Malaysian Borneo in 1990. In as much as the breeding system of Mangifera favors outcrossing, the proximity of numerous genotypes of disparate geographic origin in Florida has made that state a secondary center of diversity for the mango and enabled it to make a unique contribution to the fruit industry. RP KNIGHT, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL PLANT GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 48 IS 2 BP 139 EP 145 DI 10.1007/BF02908201 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NR516 UT WOS:A1994NR51600004 ER PT J AU PICK, DH VOLLRATH, TL AF PICK, DH VOLLRATH, TL TI REAL EXCHANGE-RATE MISALIGNMENT AND AGRICULTURAL EXPORT PERFORMANCE IN DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES SO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND CULTURAL CHANGE LA English DT Article ID DEMAND RP PICK, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0013-0079 J9 ECON DEV CULT CHANGE JI Econ. Dev. Cult. Change PD APR PY 1994 VL 42 IS 3 BP 555 EP 571 DI 10.1086/452102 PG 17 WC Area Studies; Economics; Planning & Development SC Area Studies; Business & Economics; Public Administration GA NH650 UT WOS:A1994NH65000005 ER PT J AU FLEET, JC BRUNS, ME HOCK, JM WOOD, RJ AF FLEET, JC BRUNS, ME HOCK, JM WOOD, RJ TI GROWTH-HORMONE AND PARATHYROID-HORMONE STIMULATE INTESTINAL CALCIUM-ABSORPTION IN AGED FEMALE RATS SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D; DIETARY CALCIUM; BINDING PROTEIN; BONE-DENSITY; SPINAL BONE; FACTOR-I; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D; METABOLISM; HYPOPHYSECTOMY; PHOSPHORUS AB Aged (16-month-old) female rats (n = 8/treatment) were injected for 12 days with GH (100 mug/100 g-day), PTH (8 mug/100 g.day), GH plus PTH, or vehicle (V) in an experiment designed to determine the effects of these hormones on intestinal mineral absorption in senescent rats. PTH and GH increased fractional net calcium absorption to a similar extent (PTH, 1.6-fold; GH, 1.4-fold) even though PTH increased serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] 3.7-fold, and GH had no significant effect. GH plus PTH caused no further increase in serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 above that caused by PTH alone, but resulted in an additive effect on net calcium absorption (2.3-fold increase). PTH and GH also had statistically independent effects on phosphate absorption; magnesium absorption was elevated only by PTH. Duodenal calbindin-D9k levels were increased by GH (from 3.79 +/- 0.72 to 6.98 +/-0.73 mug/mg protein) and PTH (from 3.23 +/- 0.46 to 7.55 +/- 0,75 mug/mg protein); PTH plus GH treatment resulted in an additive effect on calbindin-D9k levels. Additional in vitro transport studies in the human intestinal cell line Caco-2 showed that 72 h of pretreatment with the local mediator of GH action, insulin-like growth factor-I (at 10 and 100 ng/ml), stimulated transcellular calcium transport (22% and 44%, respectively) regardless of concomitant 1 nM 1,25-(OH)2D3 pretreatment (80% increase). Our findings suggest a 1,25-(OH)2D3-mediated mechanism for PTH-induced changes in calcium and phosphorus absorption. In contrast, the effects of GH in the senescent rat are independent of changes in circulating 1,25-(OH)2D3, and our data suggest that these effects may be mediated by insulin-like growth factor-I. RP FLEET, JC (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,824 HNRCA,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI Hock, Janet/0000-0001-8873-2545 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-07272] NR 39 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD APR PY 1994 VL 134 IS 4 BP 1755 EP 1760 DI 10.1210/en.134.4.1755 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA NC427 UT WOS:A1994NC42700022 PM 8137740 ER PT J AU REITZ, SR NETTLES, WC AF REITZ, SR NETTLES, WC TI REGULATION OF HELICOVERPA-ZEA LARVAL BEHAVIOR BY THE PARASITOID EUCELATORIA-BRYANI SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE HELICOVERPA TEA; NOCTUIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; EUCELATORIA BRYANI; TACHINIDAE; DIPTERA; HOST-PARASITOID RELATIONSHIP; HOST REGULATION ID PSEUDOPERICHAETA-NIGROLINEATA; PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS; LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS; NOCTUIDAE; TACHINIDAE; DIPTERA; COTTON; SELECTION; PYRALIDAE AB The parasitoid Eucelatoria bryani Sabrosky regulates the larval behavior of its host Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). Parasitized third, fourth and fifth instars burrow into the soil 0.7-3.4 days earlier than unparasitized larvae that normally enter the soil to pupate at the end of the fifth and final larval instar. Parasitized third instars molt once then burrow as fourth instars, one instar earlier than normal. When E. bryuni pupariated on the soil surface in the field, none survived to the adult stage. However, E. bryani adults emerged from 49.2% of hosts that had burrowed into the soil. By accelerating the timing of H. zea burrowing behavior and causing host larvae to enter the soil before death, E. bryani ensures its pupariation in an environment with improved protection against natural enemies and lethal temperatures. C1 USDA ARS,BIOL PEST CONTROL RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP REITZ, SR (reprint author), CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,CLEMSON,SC 29634, USA. RI Reitz, Stuart/B-7667-2008 NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD APR PY 1994 VL 71 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NK389 UT WOS:A1994NK38900004 ER PT J AU MCMICHAEL, BL BURKE, JJ AF MCMICHAEL, BL BURKE, JJ TI METABOLIC-ACTIVITY OF COTTON ROOTS IN RESPONSE TO TEMPERATURE SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DEPENDENCE AB Root growth, under genetic control, responds to numerous environmental stimuli. The occurrence of below optimal soil temperatures for root growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) at planting time may delay seedling establishment and reduce seasonal crop productivity. The present study assessed cotton root growth and metabolism at various temperatures to determine if observed temperature responses were related to developmental changes in seedling growth. Studies monitoring seedling root growth revealed distinct temperature optima for the cotton seedling. Analysis of the temperature characteristics of in vivo mitochondrial electron transport measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride reduction showed that the temperature optima of root metabolism at 10 days after planting (DAP) was lower than that obtained from the measure of accumulated root growth at 10 DAP. The differences in the temperature optima appear to be associated with dynamic changes in seedling development which may be related to changes in stored seed reserves. Metabolic temperature responses are broad during peak seed reserve mobilization and become narrow with the depletion of available reserves. Measurement of root length or root number at 10 DAP would reflect a composite of narrow and broad metabolic temperature sensitivities. Because root development is linked to this composite of metabolic temperature responses, the temperatures providing the maximum root size at 10 DAP are actually higher than the optimum temperature for metabolism under the non-saturating substrate levels associated with the majority of the growing season. Evaluation of cotton root growth responses to shoot and root temperatures within or below cotton's thermal kinetic window revealed enhanced root growth when the roots temperatures were within the thermal kinetic window. These findings provide new insights for evaluation of the temperature characteristics of root growth. RP MCMICHAEL, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,ROUTE 3,BOX 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD APR PY 1994 VL 34 IS 2 BP 201 EP 206 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(94)90039-6 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NK014 UT WOS:A1994NK01400010 ER PT J AU NARANJO, SE FLINT, HM AF NARANJO, SE FLINT, HM TI SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION OF PREIMAGINAL BEMISIA-TABACI (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE) IN COTTON AND DEVELOPMENT OF FIXED-PRECISION SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING PLANS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SWEET-POTATO WHITEFLY; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING PLAN ID GENNADIUS HOMOPTERA; INSECT POPULATIONS; GENN; DYNAMICS; SIZES AB Studies were conducted to examine distributional patterns of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) eggs and nymphs on two cultivars of upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and one American Pima cotton, G. barbadense L., and to develop efficient sampling plans for estimating densities of immatures. On a per square centimeter basis, both eggs and nymphs were equally distributed among the four leaf sectors delineated by the major leaf veins. This pattern was independent of the nodal location of the leaf, cultivar, or sampling date. However, based on counts on 3.88-cm2 disks near the petiole of the leaf, both egg and nymphal were aggregated at the proximal end of each sector. The relationship between disk and whole leaf counts varied with nodal position and cultivar. The greatest number of eggs and nymphs were found on mainstem leaves from nodes 2-4 and 4-7 (mainstem terminal = node 1), respectively. This pattern changed slightly with time but was similar among the three cultivars. The lowest coefficients of variation were associated with leaf counts from nodes 4-5 and 5-6 for eggs and nymphs, respectively. Based on variance partitioning and sampling cost analysis, a single 3.88-cm2 disk from the base of the second sector of the fifth mainstem node leaf was determined to be the most efficient sample unit for estimating egg and nymphal densities. Sequential sampling stop lines were calculated for this sample unit using Green's (1970) method. Sample plan validation using Monte Carlo simulation indicated that actual levels of precision (SEM/mean) were poorer than those specified at low densities of immatures and better than specified at high densities. Further simulations indicated that stop lines for specified precisions of 0.20, 0.25, or 0.30 would maintain an average precision of 0.25 when egg or nymphal densities are <10, between 10 and 100, or >100 per leaf disk, respectively. These sampling plans allow efficient monitoring for pest management application and will aid the study of B. tabaci population dynamics in cotton. RP NARANJO, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 35 TC 82 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 23 IS 2 BP 254 EP 266 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NM712 UT WOS:A1994NM71200006 ER PT J AU ROGERS, CE MARTI, OG AF ROGERS, CE MARTI, OG TI EFFECTS OF AGE AT 1ST MATING ON THE REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF THE FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; NOCTUIDONEMA-GUYANENSE; MATING ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA; TEMPERATURE AB The effect of age at first mating on the reproductive potential of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), was studied in the laboratory. The age of females at first mating affected the number of eggs laid, percentage of eggs hatching, number of viable larvae, and longevity. Extending female virginity to an advanced age increased longevity. The age of males at first mating had relatively little influence on the reproductive potential of females. However, the age of the male and female at first mating interacted to affect the reproductive potential of respective pairs. The number of spermatophores harbored by females affected percent daily and total eggs hatching, number of eggs laid, and the number of viable larvae produced. The number of spermatophores harbored by females had no effect on moth longevity. RP ROGERS, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 23 IS 2 BP 322 EP 325 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NM712 UT WOS:A1994NM71200014 ER PT J AU COOK, SP HAIN, FP SMITH, HR AF COOK, SP HAIN, FP SMITH, HR TI OVIPOSITION AND PUPAL SURVIVAL OF GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) IN VIRGINIA AND NORTH-CAROLINA PINE-HARDWOOD FORESTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; OVIPOSITION; PREDATION ID DISPAR LEPIDOPTERA; POPULATIONS; MORTALITY; SPARSE; LARVAE; HOSTS AB Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., oviposition and pupal survival were examined within mixed pine-hardwood stands located in the Virginia and North Carolina coastal plain and the North Carolina piedmont. Where burlap bands were not present as barriers to larval dispersal, the percentage of loblolly pine with gypsy moth egg masses present was significantly greater than expected if oviposition occurred randomly. The loblolly pine and oak components of the forests also had more total egg masses per tree compared with the other tree genera or species. However, when adjusted for tree size, egg mass density was generally similar among tree groups within an infestation. Tree size (dbh) was positively correlated with the number of egg masses present on a tree. Pupal predation, measured using freeze-dried pupae, was significantly higher over the 5-d sample period for (1) females versus males, (2) pupae placed at 0 m on the tree bole versus at 2 m, and (3) pupae placed on oak versus pine. The differential predation on oak versus pine appears to be the result of heavier vertebrate predation of the pupae placed on oak. The high rate of pupal removal, beginning the first night of exposure, from all locations suggests that predators will not have to learn to accept gypsy moth in their diets. The higher survival of pupae on pine is suggested to be one of the factors influencing the high egg-mass density on pine. Implications of these results for gypsy moth population dynamics in southern pine-hardwood forests are discussed. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. US FOREST SERV,HAMDEN,CT 06514. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 23 IS 2 BP 360 EP 366 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NM712 UT WOS:A1994NM71200021 ER PT J AU WEN, BR SMITH, L BROWER, JH AF WEN, BR SMITH, L BROWER, JH TI COMPETITION BETWEEN ANISOPTEROMALUS-CALANDRAE AND CHOETOSPILA-ELEGANS (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) AT DIFFERENT PARASITOID DENSITIES ON IMMATURE MAIZE WEEVILS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) IN CORN SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COMPETITION; PARASITISM; SITOPHILUS-ZEAMAIS ID HOUSE-FLY PUPAE; SEX-RATIO; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HOST; STABILITY; SYSTEMS; DIPTERA; LARVAE; WASP AB Immature maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, in corn were exposed to Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) alone, Choetospila elegans Westwood alone, or a combination of both species. Anisopteromalus calandrae was much more efficient at parasitizing immature maize weevils in com than was C. elegans. The combination of A. calandrae plus C. elegans had similar effects as A. calandrae alone on total maize weevil mortality for equal numbers of parasitoids. Under interspecific competition, the emergence of C. elegans progeny and their sex ratio (percentage female) were significantly reduced in the presence of A. calandrae, but A. calandrae was not affected substantially by C. elegans. RP WEN, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,3401 EDWIN ST,SAVANNAH,GA 31405, USA. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 23 IS 2 BP 367 EP 373 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NM712 UT WOS:A1994NM71200022 ER PT J AU SIMMONS, AM AF SIMMONS, AM TI OVIPOSITION ON VEGETABLES BY BEMISIA-TABACI (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE) - TEMPORAL AND LEAF SURFACE FACTORS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SWEET-POTATO WHITEFLY; BEHAVIOR; OVIPOSITIONAL SELECTION ID GENNADIUS HOMOPTERA; GENN HOMOPTERA; WINTER SEASON; PREFERENCE; POPULATION; RESISTANCE; COTTON AB Selection of ovipositional site of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), strain B, was studied under field, greenhouse, and laboratory conditions on early vegetative growth of commercial cultivars of 10 vegetable crops: cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. ssp. annuum), collard (Brassica oleracea ssp. acephala de Condolle), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers ssp. unguiculata), snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L. ssp. melopepo), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller), and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsum. & Nakai ssp. lanatus. Feeding and oviposition started on the cotyledon stage and populations of immature B. tabaci increased over time on all crops in field and greenhouse trials. On most plants, from 90 to 95% of the eggs were laid on the lower surface, with no definitive change over time or among leaves of a given crop. In a laboratory choice test using detached leaves facing downward, the lower leaf surface of cantaloupe, squash, and watermelon, was preferred for oviposition as compared with the upper surface. However, the upper surface was preferred in cowpea. There was no preference for egg-laying between leaf surfaces on the six other vegetables in the laboratory. Four crops, cantaloupe, cowpea, snap bean, and squash were evaluated for whitefly geotropic response for oviposition, and there was a strong negative response. RP SIMMONS, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,2875 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 24 TC 41 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 23 IS 2 BP 381 EP 389 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NM712 UT WOS:A1994NM71200024 ER PT J AU HAGSTRUM, DW FLINN, PW AF HAGSTRUM, DW FLINN, PW TI SURVIVAL OF RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA (COLEOPTERA, BOSTRICHIDAE) IN STORED WHEAT UNDER FALL AND WINTER TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE STORED PRODUCT; COLD TEMPERATURE; AGE STRUCTURE ID INSECT POPULATIONS; PRODUCT INSECTS; GRAIN BEETLES; ACCLIMATION; MODEL AB Cold temperature survivorship of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) populations with a natural age structure in stored wheat was estimated for a natural fall cooling rate of 2-degrees-C per week and winter temperatures of 17, 13, 9, and 5-degrees-C. Logistic equations were fitted to the data to predict the survivorships of the adults outside kernels and immatures and preemergent adults inside kernels as a function of exposure time over the 5-17-degrees-C temperature range. During the acclimation period, many insects died, and roughly 80,55, and 25% of the insects were alive after temperatures had decreased at a rate of 2-degrees-C per week from 17-degrees-C to 13, 9, and 5-degrees-C, respectively. At the end of cold temperature exposure period, many R. dominica survived at 17-degrees-C, a few at 13-degrees-C, but none at 5 or 9-degrees-C. The colder the temperature the more rapidly survivorship decreased. The mostly immature insect population inside kernels was killed less rapidly than the external adult population at 5 and 9-degrees-C and more rapidly at 13 and 17-degrees-C. Daily survival rates decreased and then increased again indicating that those insects surviving short exposures to cold temperatures had a greater chance of surviving long exposures to cold temperatures. These equations will help extend our population model to predict the survival of R. dominica populations in stored wheat through the winter. RP HAGSTRUM, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 16 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 23 IS 2 BP 390 EP 395 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NM712 UT WOS:A1994NM71200025 ER PT J AU WICKLOW, DT MCALPIN, CE NELSEN, TC AF WICKLOW, DT MCALPIN, CE NELSEN, TC TI SURVIVAL AND REPRODUCTION OF STORED-PRODUCT BEETLES ON SEEDS CACHED BY A DESERT RODENT AND BY NATIVE-AMERICANS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DESERT SEEDS; KANGAROO RAT; STORED-PRODUCT BEETLES ID TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM HERBST; DIPODOMYS-SPECTABILIS; KANGAROO RAT; INSECTS; COLEOPTERA; WHEAT; CORN AB We examined the survival and reproduction of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), on seed diets of 16 plants from desert habitats in Arizona. Some of these desert seeds are harvested, stored, and eventually eaten by the banner-tailed kangaroo rat, Dipodomys spectabilis, or by native American Indians. Seed diets were also prepared from cultivated cereals (e.g., Avena sativa, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum and Zea mays) that become infested with stored-product beetles in grain stores. Few or no adult beetles remained alive after 30 d on diets of intact seeds of a majority of the native plants we tested. Beetle survival was high, with numerous larvae and pupae, on intact seeds of cultivated barley, wheat, or maize. When flour diets were prepared from desert seeds, several also failed to support beetle populations, including species stored by kangaroo rats and native Americans (e.g., Prosopis juliflora and Monolepis nuttaliana). These results help to explain the absence of stored-product beetles in seed stores recovered from kangaroo rat burrows in Arizona. With T. castaneum, the nutritive value of flour prepared from Panicum sonorum, a seed eaten by native Americans, greatly exceeded that of any cultivated cereal we tested. Desert seeds stored by kangaroo rats or native Americans may be sources of safe antiinsectan natural compounds and other novel gene products to be used in protecting cultivated cereals from insect pests while having no or low toxic effects on vertebrates. RP WICKLOW, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 23 IS 2 BP 414 EP 419 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NM712 UT WOS:A1994NM71200028 ER PT J AU FISHER, JR JACKSON, JJ LEW, AC AF FISHER, JR JACKSON, JJ LEW, AC TI TEMPERATURE AND DIAPAUSE DEVELOPMENT IN THE EGG OF DIABROTICA-BARBERI (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIABROTICA-BARBERI; EMBRYONIC DIAPAUSE; TEMPERATURE ID CORN-ROOTWORM COLEOPTERA; ILLINOIS; TRAIT AB Three independent studies were conducted on the effects of constant temperatures (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 25-degrees-C) with numerous exposure times (15 to 240 d) on diapausing embryos of the northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith and Lawrence. All three studies had similar results. The temperatures 15 and 18-degrees-C appeared to enhance diapause development and subsequent diapause termination when compared with the lower temperatures (0-3-degrees-C). However, the temperature range 9-12-degrees-C was optimum for minimum mortality and maximum hatch at nearly all exposure times used. At this range and in particular 9-degrees-C, hatch was as high as 60% after 180 d exposure. Exposures of 15 and 30 d produced minimal hatch, <20%, at any temperature. Days to hatch tended to decrease as temperature increased but varied with experiment. Hatching time also decreased as exposure increased for all temperatures. Eggs exposed only to the developmental optima of 25-degrees-C had <20% hatch in all studies, and greater-than-or-equal-to 50% of the eggs were still in the diapause state at the conclusion of the studies. We concluded that most D. barberi embryos require low temperature to terminate diapause and complete embryogenesis. These studies support the hypothesis that D. barberi has a propensity to be continuously variable in diapause length. Also, variable diapause length has allowed this species to adapt to natural and artificial perturbations, in particular, crop rotation. RP FISHER, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NPA,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 23 IS 2 BP 464 EP 471 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NM712 UT WOS:A1994NM71200036 ER PT J AU WERNER, RA ILLMAN, BL AF WERNER, RA ILLMAN, BL TI RESPONSE OF LUTZ, SITKA, AND WHITE SPRUCE TO ATTACK BY DENDROCTONUS-RUFIPENNIS (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) AND BLUE STAIN FUNGI SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DENDROCTONUS-RUFIPENNIS; HYPERSENSITIVE REACTION; MONOTERPENES ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; FIR ENGRAVER BEETLE; HOST-RESISTANCE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; FRONTALIS ZIMMERMANN; CERATOCYSTIS-MINOR; INFECTION; SITCHENSIS; SAPWOOD; BARK AB Mechanical wound ng and wounding plus inoculation with a blue-stain fungus, Leptographium abietinum (Peck), associated with the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), caused an induced reaction zone or lesion around the wound sites in Lutz spruce, Picea lutzii Little, Sitka spruce, P. sitchensis (Bong.) Carr., and white spruce, P. glauca (Moench) Voss, in south-central Alaska. The effects of tree species on lesion length were nonsignificant; however, the effects of wounding versus wounding plus blue-stain inoculate were highly significant. Lesion length was significantly longer in high-flow Lutz spruce compared with low-flow trees that were wounded. There was a significant change in monoterpene composition in the induced reaction zones of wounded phleom compared with unwounded phloem. The total percentage of potential toxic monoterpenes such as limonene, myrcene, 3-carene, and beta phellandrene increased in all three host species. Egg gallery length and the area of phloem consumed by larvae outside of lesions was significantly less for trees with wounds caused by fungal inoculation compared with mechanical wounds only. Trees with fungal inoculations appeared to deter larval feeding. Hydroxystilbenes were not found in the three species of spruce; however, differences were found in the chemical content of the reaction and the nonreaction zones. Two unknown chemicals present in nonreaction zones were not found in the induced reaction zone. One chemical appears to be a dimer with a carbohydrate moeity. A low molecular weight chemical found in the induced reaction zone could not be identified by mass spectroscopy. RP WERNER, RA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 58 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 23 IS 2 BP 472 EP 478 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NM712 UT WOS:A1994NM71200037 ER PT J AU GROSS, HR HAMM, JJ CARPENTER, JE AF GROSS, HR HAMM, JJ CARPENTER, JE TI DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF A HIVE-MOUNTED DEVICE THAT USES HONEY-BEES (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) TO DISSEMINATE HELIOTHIS NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE APIS-MELLIFERA; PATHOGEN APPLICATOR; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS ID VIRESCENS F LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; TRANSMISSION; BRACONIDAE; LARVAE AB The honey bee, Apis mellifera L., is a highly efficient forager on numerous flowering plants that host phytophagous insect pests. Because of these associations, honey bees theoretically provide an economical and nonintrusive means of conveying biorational mortality agents against pest species. This hypothesis was tested during April 1989 by employing a specially designed plexiglass and sheet metal applicator that causes honey bees to disseminate a talc formulation of Heliothis nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HNPV) into fields of crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L. The device when integrated into a specifically designed substructure of a conventional beehive provided separate entry and departure pathways for honey bees, which allowed bees to be surface-contaminated with the HNPV formulation as they exited the hive. The mean percentage of HNPV-induced mortality was significantly higher among Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) larvae that fed on clover heads from fields foraged by HNPV-contaminated A. mellifera and among Heliothis or Helicoverpa spp. larvae collected from those fields than among similarly exposed control larvae. HNPV in honey collected from treatment hives and stored at 26 +/- 1-degrees-C in total darkness remained active for at least 170 d. The extent to which the technology for using A. mellifera to disseminate insect pathogens is applicable for pest control will depend on an improved understanding of the interrelationships among A. mellifera, flowering plants on which they forage, targeted phytophages which reside on the plants, and the availability of pathogens which attack the phytophages. RP GROSS, HR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 23 IS 2 BP 492 EP 501 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NM712 UT WOS:A1994NM71200040 ER PT J AU PUTERKA, GJ HUMBER, RA POPRAWSKI, TJ AF PUTERKA, GJ HUMBER, RA POPRAWSKI, TJ TI VIRULENCE OF FUNGAL PATHOGENS (IMPERFECT FUNGI, HYPHOMYCETES) TO PEAR PSYLLA (HOMOPTERA, PSYLLIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CACOPSYLLA-PYRICOLA; PEAR; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI ID PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; POPULATIONS; PYRICOLA; ORCHARDS AB Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, M. flavoviride (Gams & Rozsypal), Paecilomyces fumosoroseus Wise) Brown & Smith, and Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Viegas were evaluated for pathogenicity and virulence to pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster), nymphs using a detached-leaf bioassay. Isolates within B. bassiana and P. fumosoroseus were also compared. Conidia suspended in water were applied to first and second instars at various concentrations and evaluated 3, 5, and 7 d after application. All of the fungal isolates tested were pathogenic to pear psylla nymphs. B. bassiana, P. farinosus, and V. lecanii were significantly more virulent than the Metarhizium spp. (mortality range 92.5-99.6% versus 42.3-54.7%, respectively, on 7 d at 10(7) conidia/ml). Similarly, the LC50s did not significantly differ for all isolates except the Metarhizium spp. and ranged between 1.4 x 10(2) - 2.0 x 10(4) conidia/ml on 7 d. Metarhizium spp. had significantly lower LC50s than the other isolates, that ranged from 2.3 x 10(7) - 11.7 x 10(10) conidia/ml on 7 d. The fastest acting isolate when applied at 10(7) conidia/ml was P. fumosoroseus ARSEF #2658 with an LC50 of 1.8 d, which was significantly higher than other isolates except B. bassiana. The LC50 could not be calculated for M. anisopliae because percent mortality did not increase with time. Based on LC50, LT50, and percent mortality comparisons, P. fumosoroseus ARSEF #2658 was the most virulent fungal isolate followed by B. bassiana ARSEF #2860. The potential of these isolates as mycoinsecticides for the control of pear psylla nymphs in orchards is discussed. RP PUTERKA, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE DR,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 23 IS 2 BP 514 EP 520 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NM712 UT WOS:A1994NM71200042 ER PT J AU DAVEY, RB POUND, JM COOKSEY, LM AF DAVEY, RB POUND, JM COOKSEY, LM TI COMPARATIVE REPRODUCTION AND NONPARASITIC DEVELOPMENT OF BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS AND HYBRIDIZED BOOPHILUS TICKS (ACARI, IXODIDAE) UNDER NATURAL FIELD CONDITIONS IN SUBTROPICAL SOUTH-TEXAS SO EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article AB The reproductive biology and nonparasitic development of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) and hybridized Boophilus ticks (B. annulatus (Say) male x B. microplus female) held under natural field conditions in south Texas throughout the year were compared. Comparisons between the two types of ticks indicated that the ovipositional biology (percentage of ovipositing females and number of eggs laid) of the females favored hybrid ticks during some months and B. microplus ticks during other months. However, on a yearlong basis, there was virtually no difference in the percentage of ovipositing females or in the number of eggs deposited by hybrid females as compared to B. microplus. The duration of each nonparasitic development period (preoviposition period, incubation period of eggs, and larval longevity) showed that both types of ticks had very similar developmental and survival rates during the year. Generally the difference in duration of each of the nonparasitic parameters was <8 days, leading to a high degree of synchrony of the nonparasitic developmental rates between the two types of ticks. On the other hand, egg hatchability of hybrid ticks was consistently lower than pure-strain B. microplus throughout the year with significantly lower hatch rates occuring in April, July, August, October, and November. Thus, results obtained on percentage of ovipositing females, number of eggs laid, preoviposition period, incubation period of eggs, and larval longevity provide positive encouragement for the possible use of sterile hybrid males as a means of eliminating a native B. microplus population. In contrast, results of the egg hatchability of the two types of ticks indicate that the selective advantage afforded to B. microplus could have an adverse affect on the success of a sterile hybrid male program by making the number of hybrid ticks necessary to eliminate a native population prohibitively high. RP DAVEY, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,CATTLE FEVER TICK RES LAB,POB 969,MISSION,TX 78572, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 18 IS 4 BP 185 EP 200 DI 10.1007/BF00114166 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NW919 UT WOS:A1994NW91900001 PM 7628244 ER PT J AU DWINELL, LD AVRAMIDIS, S CLARK, JE AF DWINELL, LD AVRAMIDIS, S CLARK, JE TI EVALUATION OF A RADIOFREQUENCY VACUUM DRYER FOR ERADICATING THE PINEWOOD NEMATODE IN GREEN SAWN WOOD SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Three exploratory drying runs were carried out to evaluate a radio-frequency/vacuum (RF/V) kiln for the eradication of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. The unit was equipped with parallel electrodes operating at a frequency of 13.56 MHz. Infested loblolly and eastern white pine boards were shipped from Athens, Ga., to Vancouver, B.C. Evaluation of the three runs showed that nematode mortality was largely a function of wood temperature. Wood moisture content was also considered to be a factor in nematode mortality when radio-frequency waves were used as the heat source. The greatest efficiency, in terms of nematode eradication, was to heat the wood to a temperature greater than 56-degrees-C prior to drying. The RF/V kiln could be used solely as a heat-treatment chamber to eradicate pests in green lumber. C1 FORINTER CANADA CORP,VANCOUVER V6T 1W5,BC,CANADA. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT WOOD SCI,VANCOUVER V6T 1Z4,BC,CANADA. RP DWINELL, LD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1994 VL 44 IS 4 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA NF471 UT WOS:A1994NF47100002 ER PT J AU GOVINDARAJOO, R PELLERIN, RF ROSS, RJ AF GOVINDARAJOO, R PELLERIN, RF ROSS, RJ TI LOCALIZED MODULUS-OF-ELASTICITY PROPERTIES OF E-RATED SPRUCE-PINE LAMINATING LUMBER SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STOCHASTIC-MODEL; TENSILE-STRENGTH AB One requirement in the development of stochastic models of glued-laminated timber beams is that adequate consideration be given to the variation of localized modulus of elasticity (MOE) within the laminations. A second-order Markov model could be used to generate this variation. This study presents the data necessary to describe the Markov model for a sample of 2.0 E, 1.7 E, and 1.4 E grades of nominal 2 by 6 E-rated spruce-pine laminating lumber. Localized 2-foot MOE values were measured using a stress-wave technology instead of the traditional bending method. Two bending strain energy-based procedures for modifying the 2-foot MOE generated by the Markov model with respect to long-span MOE are also presented. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,PULLMAN,WA 99164. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP GOVINDARAJOO, R (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,WOOD MAT & ENGN LAB,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1994 VL 44 IS 4 BP 25 EP 32 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA NF471 UT WOS:A1994NF47100003 ER PT J AU SPENCER, DF KSANDER, GG WHITEHAND, LC AF SPENCER, DF KSANDER, GG WHITEHAND, LC TI ESTIMATING THE ABUNDANCE OF SUBTERRANEAN PROPAGULES OF SUBMERSED AQUATIC PLANTS SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POTAMOGETON-PECTINATUS L; HYDRILLA-VERTICILLATA HYDROCHARITACEAE; TAYLOR POWER LAW; BENSULFURON METHYL; MONOECIOUS HYDRILLA; TUBERS; GROWTH; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; POPULATION AB 1. Data on sample means (xBAR) and variances (s2) of propagule abundance for five types of aquatic plants growing in a variety of habitats were collected. The data set consisted of 379 values for xBAR and S2, based on 4942 individual sample units (sediment samples), drawn from the literature or from data collected as part of this study. 2. Regression analysis relating log S2 to log xBAR yielded an equation which was solved for the number of sample units (n) required to achieve a given degree of precision. For precise estimates [standard error (SE) = 20% of xBAR] values of n between twenty-seven and 234 are required when propagule density is low (<200 m2), whereas eight to twenty-six sample units are required when propagule density is high (200-1000 m-2). For larger SE (i. e. 30% of xBAR), n decreased by about 50%. Sampler area (20 to 1600 cm2) did not affect estimates of n. 3. Time required to collect and process sediment cores (collected with either a 5, 10, or 15 cm corer) was approximately 7, 10, or 13 min, respectively. Combining this information with the required number of samples is useful in planning studies designed to measure changes in the abundance of underground propagules of submersed aquatic plants. C1 USDA ARS,BIOMETR UNIT,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP SPENCER, DF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,AQUAT WEED CONTROL RES LAB PLANT BIOL SECT,ROBBINS HALL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 31 IS 2 BP 191 EP 200 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1994.tb00853.x PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NG563 UT WOS:A1994NG56300008 ER PT J AU DRAKE, SR LARSEN, FE HIGGINS, SS AF DRAKE, SR LARSEN, FE HIGGINS, SS TI FRUIT-QUALITY FROM MICROPROPAGATED APPLE (MALUS-DOMESTICA BORKH) TREES VS FRUIT FROM TREES ON SEEDLING AND M-7A ROOTSTOCKS SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB 'Golden Delicious' and 'Spartan' apples from micropropagated trees and scions on seedling and M.7A rootstocks were evaluated for three seasons, at harvest, and after 120 days of storage (1-degrees-C) for quality. Ethylene production indicated that apples from the three rootstocks matured at approximately the same rate and could be harvested in the same time period. Apple quality was similar among the three types of rootstocks, and no particular quality advantage was apparent for firmness, soluble solids concentration, titratable acidity, carbohydrates or mineral content. Fruit from micropropagated 'Golden Delicious' trees were more yellow at harvest than fruit from other rootstocks, but this difference did not exist after storage. RP DRAKE, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD APR PY 1994 VL 48 IS 2 BP 109 EP 114 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NK288 UT WOS:A1994NK28800009 ER PT J AU AUSMAN, LM WOOD, MJ GOLDIN, BR BARAKAT, S RUSSELL, RM AF AUSMAN, LM WOOD, MJ GOLDIN, BR BARAKAT, S RUSSELL, RM TI NO DIFFERENCE IN COLONIC CHOLESTEROL AND BILE-ACID METABOLISM IN BOTH NORMAL ELDERLY AND THOSE WITH ATROPHIC GASTRITIS TREATED WITH DEAD OR LIVE LACTOBACILLUS-GASSERI SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1994 VL 106 IS 4 SU S BP A595 EP A595 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA NH909 UT WOS:A1994NH90902367 ER PT J AU CAMILO, ME ZIMMERMAN, J NADEAU, M GOLNER, B SELHUB, J MASON, J RUSSELL, R ROSENBERG, IH AF CAMILO, ME ZIMMERMAN, J NADEAU, M GOLNER, B SELHUB, J MASON, J RUSSELL, R ROSENBERG, IH TI FOLATE SYNTHESIZED BY THE INTESTINAL MICROFLORA ARE ASSIMILATED BY THE HUMAN HOST SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1994 VL 106 IS 4 SU S BP A599 EP A599 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA NH909 UT WOS:A1994NH90902382 ER PT J AU CHOI, SW SHANE, B SELHUB, J AF CHOI, SW SHANE, B SELHUB, J TI THE EFFECTS OF METHOTREXATE AND 5-FLUORODEOXY-URIDINE ON THE DEOXYURIDINE SUPPRESSION TEST IN THE RAT COLONOCYTE AND THE HUMAN COLON-CARCINOMA CELL-LINE CACO-2 SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,VITAMIN BIOAVAILABIL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1994 VL 106 IS 4 SU S BP A378 EP A378 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA NH909 UT WOS:A1994NH90901499 ER PT J AU CREMINS, J SALATA, K KIKENDALL, W HERSHEY, J NAIR, P WONG, RKH AF CREMINS, J SALATA, K KIKENDALL, W HERSHEY, J NAIR, P WONG, RKH TI PNA BINDING TO ISOLATED ISOLATED COLONOCYTES MAY DIAGNOSE COLON-CARCINOMA SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,GASTROENTEROL SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. USDA,LIPID NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1994 VL 106 IS 4 SU S BP A379 EP A379 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA NH909 UT WOS:A1994NH90901504 ER PT J AU CREMINS, J SALATA, K KIKENDALL, W HERSHEY, J NAIR, P WONG, RKH AF CREMINS, J SALATA, K KIKENDALL, W HERSHEY, J NAIR, P WONG, RKH TI COLONOCYTE EXPRESSION OF CD AND HLA MARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH NORMAL AND NEOPLASTIC COLONS SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,GASTROENTEROL SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. USDA,LIPID NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1994 VL 106 IS 4 SU S BP A379 EP A379 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA NH909 UT WOS:A1994NH90901505 ER PT J AU KIM, YI FAWAZ, K KNOX, T ARORA, S LEE, YM PAIVA, L MASON, JB AF KIM, YI FAWAZ, K KNOX, T ARORA, S LEE, YM PAIVA, L MASON, JB TI LOWER COLONIC MUCOSAL FOLATE CONCENTRATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH ADENOMATOUS POLYPS COMPARED TO THOSE WITH HYPERPLASTIC POLYPS - POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COLORECTAL-CANCER SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DIV GASTROENTEROL,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1994 VL 106 IS 4 SU S BP A402 EP A402 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA NH909 UT WOS:A1994NH90901598 ER PT J AU KIM, YI CHRISTMAN, JK FLEET, JC CRAVO, ML SALOMON, RN MASON, JB AF KIM, YI CHRISTMAN, JK FLEET, JC CRAVO, ML SALOMON, RN MASON, JB TI IS GLOBAL AND GENE-SPECIFIC DNA HYPOMETHYLATION A MECHANISM BY WHICH FOLATE-DEFICIENCY ENHANCES COLORECTAL CARCINOGENESIS SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. MICHIGAN CANC FDN,DEPT MOLEC BIOL,DETROIT,MI 48201. NR 1 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1994 VL 106 IS 4 SU S BP A402 EP A402 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA NH909 UT WOS:A1994NH90901596 ER PT J AU PEDROSA, MC RUSSELL, RM SALTZMAN, JR GOLNER, BB DALLAL, GE SEPE, TE OATES, E EGERER, G SEITZ, HK AF PEDROSA, MC RUSSELL, RM SALTZMAN, JR GOLNER, BB DALLAL, GE SEPE, TE OATES, E EGERER, G SEITZ, HK TI GASTRIC-EMPTYING, A MAJOR MODULATOR OF 1ST PASS METABOLISM OF ETHANOL IN ELDERLY SUBJECTS SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BOSTON VET ADM,BOSTON,MA. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02118. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. SALEM MED CTR,ALC 1ST RES LAB,HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1994 VL 106 IS 4 SU S BP A626 EP A626 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA NH909 UT WOS:A1994NH90902488 ER PT J AU SHULMAN, RJ DUDLEY, MA AF SHULMAN, RJ DUDLEY, MA TI DEXAMETHASONE INCREASES LACTASE ACTIVITY AND ALTERS POSTTRANSLATIONAL PROCESSING IN FETAL RATS SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1994 VL 106 IS 4 SU S BP A633 EP A633 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA NH909 UT WOS:A1994NH90902518 ER PT J AU WANG, RRC JENSEN, KB AF WANG, RRC JENSEN, KB TI ABSENCE OF THE J-GENOME IN LEYMUS SPECIES (POACEAE, TRITICEAE) - EVIDENCE FROM DNA HYBRIDIZATION AND MEIOTIC PAIRING SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE GENOME; LEYMUS; DNA PROBE; SOUTHERN BLOT; MEIOTIC PAIRING; HYBRID ID DIPLOID ELYMUS-JUNCEUS; LOPHOPYRUM-ELONGATUM; HYBRIDS; THINOPYRUM; SEQUENCES AB To test the presence of a J genome in the type species of Leymus, L. arenarius, its total genomic DNA and that of tetraploids L. mollis, L. salinus ssp. salmonis, L. ambiguus, L. chinensis, L. secalinus, L. alaicus ssp. karataviensis, and L. innovatus were probed with the 277-bp insert of pLeUCD2, which can hybridize with the J, S, and P but not with the N, R, V, Q, I, T, and ABD genomes. The DNA probe hybridized with PalI- or TaqI-digested total DNAs from Thinopyrum elongatum (J(e)J(e) diploid) and T. elongatum X Psathyrostachys juncea (J(e)N hybrid), but not with those from L. arenarius (NNNNXXXX octoploid) and all tetraploid Leymus species (NNXX). Attempts to cross diploid Thinopyrum and tetraploid Leymus species yielded only one triploid hybrid, T. elongatum X L. salinus ssp. salmonis. Meiotic chromosome associations at metaphase I of pollen mother cells in the triploid hybrid averaged 19.69 univalents, 0.64 bivalents, and 0.01 trivalents per cell. Chromosome pairings in the tetraploid hybrids of L. mollis X L. salinus ssp. salmonis, and the reciprocal cross, indicate that L. mollis and L. salinus ssp. salmonis shae the same genomic constitution. Both the DNA probe and genome analysis results confirm the absence of the J genome in the seven additional Leymus species tested. Meiotic data indicated that tetraploid Leymus species could not have the genome formula N1N1N2N2; thus their genome formulas should remain as NNXX until the source of X is identified. RP WANG, RRC (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,US ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 16 TC 67 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 1994 VL 37 IS 2 BP 231 EP 235 DI 10.1139/g94-032 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA NH234 UT WOS:A1994NH23400008 PM 18470073 ER PT J AU HAYMER, DS MCINNIS, DO AF HAYMER, DS MCINNIS, DO TI RESOLUTION OF POPULATIONS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY AT THE DNA LEVEL USING RANDOM PRIMERS FOR THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE RAPD-PCR; GENETIC MARKERS; CERATITIS CAPITATA; MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY POPULATIONS ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA; POLYMORPHISMS AB We have used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method to identify DNA polymorphisms that can be used as genetic markers to characterize populations of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capirata. In this study, RAPD markers have been used to resolve genetic variability between populations of this major agricultural pest species. The populations analyzed represent either laboratory stocks or wild collections originating from different geographic localities. Using the same set of individual flies from each of several populations, we show that the use of different primers in the RAPD method permits detection of different levels of population differentiation. We show results from RAPD primers (e.g., primer 14) that identify regions of the genome (through PCR amplification) that are essentially monomorphic in all flies originating from a particular geographic locality. We also show RAPD primers (e.g., primer 67) that identify what appear to be highly variable regions of the genome. We have used primers of this type to produce genetic markers that can distinguish even between laboratory versus wild populations as well as subpopulations of flies from more broadly defined geographic localities, such as within the Hawaiian islands. These results show that the RAPD method is a broadly applicable, high resolution method for documenting genetic variability within and between populations of insect pest species. C1 USDA ARS,HONOLULU,HI 96804. RP HAYMER, DS (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII MANOA,DEPT MOLEC BIOL & GENET,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 14 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 1994 VL 37 IS 2 BP 244 EP 248 DI 10.1139/g94-034 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA NH234 UT WOS:A1994NH23400010 PM 8200514 ER PT J AU CADLE, MM RAYFUSE, LM WALKERSIMMONS, MK JONES, SS AF CADLE, MM RAYFUSE, LM WALKERSIMMONS, MK JONES, SS TI MAPPING OF ABSCISIC-ACID RESPONSIVE GENES AND VP1 TO CHROMOSOMES IN WHEAT AND LOPHOPYRUM-ELONGATUM (VOL 37, PG 129, 1994) SO GENOME LA English DT Correction, Addition RP CADLE, MM (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 1994 VL 37 IS 2 BP 348 EP 348 DI 10.1139/g94-048 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA NH234 UT WOS:A1994NH23400024 PM 18470079 ER PT J AU URESK, DW YAMAMOTO, T AF URESK, DW YAMAMOTO, T TI FIELD-STUDY OF PLANT-SURVIVAL AS AFFECTED BY AMENDMENTS TO BENTONITE SPOIL SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE SHRUBS; FORBS; TREES; WYOMING; MINING; RECLAMATION AB Efforts to reclaim amended and raw bentonite spoils with six plant species (two forbs, three shrubs, and one tree) were evaluated over a 4-year period. Plant species included fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens [Pursh] Nutt.), big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata tridentata Nutt.), Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.), Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.), common yarrow (Achillea millifolium L.), and scarlet globemallow (Sphaeralcea coccinea [Pursh] Rydb.). Spoil treatments included addition of gypsum, sawdust, perlite, straw, and vermiculite; the control treatment was unamended. Fourwing saltbush had 52% survival across all spoil treatments, with greatest survival occurring on perlite-treated spoil (80%), followed by gypsum (70%) and vermiculite amendments (70%). Survival of other plant species ranged from 0 to 3% averaged across all treatments after 4 years. No differences in plant survival occurred among amendments when all species were considered. RP URESK, DW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,RAPID CITY,SD 57701, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD APR PY 1994 VL 54 IS 2 BP 156 EP 161 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NJ561 UT WOS:A1994NJ56100008 ER PT J AU DRAKE, SR AF DRAKE, SR TI ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE STORAGE OF ANJOU PEARS USING PURGE-CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PYRUS-COMMUNIS; CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE ID DANJOU PEAR AB 'Anjou' pears (Pyrus communis L.) were placed in controlled-atmosphere (CA) storage immediately after harvest (<24 hours) or after a 10-day delay in refrigerated storage, and held there for 9 months at 1C. Oxygen in all atmospheres was 1.5% and CO2 was at either 1% or 3%. Atmospheres in the flow-through system were computer-controlled at +/- 0.1%. After removal from CA storage, pears were evaluated immediately and after ripening at 21C for 8 days. Pears stored in 3% CO2 were firmer, greener, and displayed less scald, internal breakdown, and stem-end decay than pears stored in 1% CO2. In addition, no internal discoloration of 'Anjou' pears was evident when held with 3% CO2. 'Anjou' pears held in 3% CO2 retained the ability to ripen after long-term storage. A 10-day delay in atmosphere establishment had little or no influence on the long-term keeping quality or ripening ability of 'Anjou' pears. RP DRAKE, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 299 EP 301 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NK055 UT WOS:A1994NK05500020 ER PT J AU ROY, S WATADA, AE CONWAY, WS ERBE, EF WERGIN, WP AF ROY, S WATADA, AE CONWAY, WS ERBE, EF WERGIN, WP TI LOW-TEMPERATURE SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY OF FROZEN-HYDRATED APPLE TISSUES AND SURFACE ORGANISMS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE APPLE; BUD; CELL WALL; COMPLEMENTARY IMAGING; EPICUTICULAR WAX; FRUIT; FUNGUS; 3-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING; MALUS-DOMESTICA ID FRUIT; ULTRASTRUCTURE AB Frozen hydrated buds and epicarp of 'Golden Delicious' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) were observed with a low-temperature, field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition to observing surface features of these specimens, holders were modified to observe fractured specimens. A modified hinged holder retained both halves of a fractured specimen for examination of the complementary faces of frozen hydrated tissues. Low-temperature SEM avoided artifacts, such as extraction, solubilization, and shrinkage, which are normally encountered with chemical fixation, dehydration, and drying, respectively. The technique allowed observations of well-preserved frozen hydrated structures, such as the platelets of epicuticular wax; loosely associated organisms on plant surfaces, such as spider-mite eggs; delicate structures, such as fungal hyphae; and partially hydrated tissues, such as fruit epicarp and winter bud scales. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ROY, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BLDG 002,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 305 EP 309 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NK055 UT WOS:A1994NK05500022 ER PT J AU YANG, WQ GLENN, DM AF YANG, WQ GLENN, DM TI INTERACTIONS BETWEEN VEGETATIVE AND FLORAL BUDS IN APPLE AND PEACH SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DEFOLIATION; DEFLORATION; GROWTH RATE; SINK COMPETITION; MALUS-DOMESTICA; PRUNUS-PERSICA; GROWTH REGULATORS ID OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; SEEDLINGS; WATER; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; OSMOREGULATION; LEAVES; GROWTH AB The osmotic potential and development of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] floral and vegetative buds and tissue were determined pre- and postbloom. Apple and peach floral and vegetative buds were removed prebloom and the osmotic potential and bud development were measured pre- and postbloom. The osmotic potential of vegetative and floral buds was related to the phenology of bud development. Developing buds had a more negative osmotic potential than dormant buds. Leaf buds on deflorated shoots had a more negative osmotic potential than leaf buds on shoots with floral buds. However, flower buds on defoliated shoots had a less negative osmotic potential than flower buds on shoots with leaf buds. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 310 EP 312 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NK055 UT WOS:A1994NK05500023 ER PT J AU SCHNELL, RJ KNIGHT, RJ HARKINS, DM ZILL, G AF SCHNELL, RJ KNIGHT, RJ HARKINS, DM ZILL, G TI ELIMINATING ZYGOTIC SEEDLINGS IN TURPENTINE MANGO ROOTSTOCK POPULATIONS BY VISUAL ROGUING SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MANGIFERA-INDICA AB The ability to eliminate zygotic seedlings from the polyembryonic mango (Mangifera indica L.) rootstock 'Turpentine' by visual roguing was investigated. Four selected populations, A) randomly selected plants, B) plants selected as off-types, C) seedlings that were of 'Turpentine' phenotype, and D) seeds where a single seedling emerged, were examined using electrophoretic analysis and five enzyme systems. Significant differences (chi2 = 39.63, P < 0.001) were found among the four categories, with 28% of the random, 66% of the off-type, 10% of the true-to-type, and 54% of the monoembryonic seedlings being zygotic. These data indicate that visual selection for trueness-to-type and roguing for off-types is useful in reducing the frequency of zygotic seedlings among 'Turpentine' rootstock plants. C1 ZILL HIGH PERFORMANCE PLANTS,BOYNTON BEACH,FL 33437. RP SCHNELL, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,1360L OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 319 EP 320 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NK055 UT WOS:A1994NK05500026 ER PT J AU EHLENFELDT, MK MEREDITH, FI BALLINGTON, JR AF EHLENFELDT, MK MEREDITH, FI BALLINGTON, JR TI UNIQUE ORGANIC-ACID PROFILE OF RABBITEYE VS HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRIES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE VACCINIUM-CORYMBOSUM; VACCINIUM-ASHEI; CITRIC; MALIC; SUCCINIC; QUINIC; ALBINO ID ANTHOCYANINS; FRUIT AB The fruit of six highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivars and eight rabbiteye (V. ashei Reade) cultivars and selections were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography for levels of the commonly found organic acids, citric, malic, succinic, and quinic. The two cultivar groups possessed distinctive patterns of relative organic acid proportions that could unambiguously separate pure rabbiteye and highbush clones in a principal component analysis. Highbush clones were characterized by high citric acid content, with percentages averaging 75% (range 38% to 90%). Succinic acid was the second most plentiful acid, averaging 17%. In contrast, rabbiteye cultivars and selections contained 10% citric acid, and no clone had >22%. Succinic acid and malic acid were found in greater quantities than in highbush, averaging 50 % and 34 %, respectively. Analysis of the fruit of seven albino-fruited highbush selections exhibited a profile similar to standard highbush cultivars, but with a citric acid average of <50%, and proportionally greater amounts of succinic and quinic acids. Given the differences in sensory quality of these four acids, it is likely that acid partitioning patterns can largely account for some of the perceived flavor differences between rabbiteye and highbush blueberries. Because several current breeding efforts involve hybridization between highbush and rabbiteye blueberries, a consideration of acid composition of breeding parents may be worthwhile. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP EHLENFELDT, MK (reprint author), RUTGERS BLUEBERRY & CRANBERRY RES CTR,PENN STATE FOREST RD,CHATSWORTH,NJ 08019, USA. NR 12 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 321 EP 323 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NK055 UT WOS:A1994NK05500027 ER PT J AU GUPTON, CL SPIERS, JM AF GUPTON, CL SPIERS, JM TI INTERSPECIFIC AND INTRASPECIFIC POLLINATION EFFECTS IN RABBITEYE AND SOUTHERN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE VACCINIUM-ASHEI; VACCINIUM-CORYMBOSUM; SELF-POLLINATION; CROSS-POLLINATION; XENIA; METAXENIA ID SEED AB To determine the effects of pollen source on blueberry production, we made a partial diallel set of crosses involving seven rabbiteye (Vaccinium ashei Reade) and seven southern highbush (SH; V. corymbosum L.) parents. Pollination of rabbiteye blueberry flowers with SH pollen reduced fruit set, seeds per berry, and berry weight and increased fruit development period (FDP) compared to pollination with rabbiteye pollen. Pollination of SH flowers with rabbiteye pollen resulted in about the same fruit set and FDP but fewer seeds per berry and slightly lower berry weight compared to intraspecific pollination. Self-pollination significantly decreased the number of seeds per berry and berry weight and increased FDP in SH. Pollination of rabbiteye and SH flowers with mixed pollen produced the same results as intraspecific pollination . Using 'Tifblue' and 'Baldwin' (rabbiteye) as the pollen parent significantly increased FDP in rabbiteye blueberry. Using 'Georgiagem' and 'Cape Fear' as pollen parents produced the longest FDP, and using 'O'Neal' and 'Gulfcoast' produced the shortest FDP in SH blueberry. The heaviest berries were produced by using 'Blue Ridge', 'O'Neal', and 'Gulfcoast' (SH) as pollen parents on SH females. These results suggest that xenia possibly could be used to increase yield and reduce FDP in blueberry. RP GUPTON, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SMALL FRUIT RES STN,POPLARVILLE,MS 39470, USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 324 EP 326 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NK055 UT WOS:A1994NK05500028 ER PT J AU KOBAYASHI, RS BOUWKAMP, JC SINDEN, SL AF KOBAYASHI, RS BOUWKAMP, JC SINDEN, SL TI PCIB ENHANCES REGENERATION OF IPOMOEA-CORDATOTRILOBA DENNSTEDT LEAF EXPLANTS AND PROTOPLASTS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE IPOMOEA-BATATAS; SWEET-POTATO ID PLANT-REGENERATION; TRILOBA L; CULTURE; INVITRO; GROWTH; AUXIN; LAM AB Leaf callus of Ipomoea cordatotriloba was initiated by culturing explants on Linsmaier and Skoog medium containing 3 g yeast extract/liter,18.9 mum ABA, 2.3 muM 2,4-D, and 0.15 M sucrose. Calluses were transferred to Murashige and Skoog media containing 17.8 mum BA and 0, 1, 10, or 100 mum PCIB. The number of shoots from calluses grown on medium containing 10 mum PCIB increased significantly, and the percentage of calluses exhibiting shoot regeneration almost doubled compared to calluses grown on regeneration medium without PCIB. Protoplasts isolated from stem and petiole tissues of in vitro-grown plants were cultured in Kao and Michayluk 8p medium to the callus stage. Calluses (4-6 mm) were transferred to the callus induction and regeneration media used to regenerate leaf-explant callus. Of the protoplast-derived calluses cultured on media containing 10 or 100 muM PCIB, almost-equal-to 13% and 18%, respectively, regenerated shoots after 2 months; none regenerated on the medium without PCIB. Chemical names used: abscisic acid(ABA); 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); N6-benzyladenine (BA); alpha-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB). C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP KOBAYASHI, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 327 EP 328 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NK055 UT WOS:A1994NK05500029 ER PT J AU WAYCOTT, W RYDER, EJ AF WAYCOTT, W RYDER, EJ TI ICE CUBE, BLUSH, AND MINI-GREEN - MINIATURE CRISPHEAD LETTUCE CULTIVARS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE LETTUCE BREEDING; LACTUCA-SATIVA; GIBBERELLINS; DWARF MUTANT; NUTRITIONAL CONTENT C1 USDA ARS,US AGR RES STN,SALINAS,CA 93915. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 333 EP 334 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NK055 UT WOS:A1994NK05500034 ER PT J AU RYDER, EJ WAYCOTT, W AF RYDER, EJ WAYCOTT, W TI CRISPHEAD LETTUCE RESISTANT TO CORKY ROT - CULTIVARS GLACIER AND MISTY DAY AND 16 RESISTANT BREEDING LINES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE RHIZOMONAS-SUBERIFACIENS; LETTUCE MOSAIC; BIG VEIN; TIPBURN; DOWNY MILDEW; LACTUCA-SATIVA ID ROOT RP RYDER, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US AGR RES STN,1636 E ALISAL ST,SALINAS,CA 93915, USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 335 EP 336 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NK055 UT WOS:A1994NK05500035 ER PT J AU BAGGETT, JR KASIMOR, K HAMPTON, RO AF BAGGETT, JR KASIMOR, K HAMPTON, RO TI OSU-663, OSU-668, AND OSU-677 PEA BREEDING LINES RESISTANT TO PEA SEED-BORNE MOSAIC-VIRUS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE PISUM-SATIVUM; VEGETABLE BREEDING C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP BAGGETT, JR (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,AGR & LIFE SCI BLDG 4017,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 337 EP 338 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NK055 UT WOS:A1994NK05500036 ER PT J AU KREWER, G BECKMAN, T SHERMAN, W AF KREWER, G BECKMAN, T SHERMAN, W TI SUNSPLASH NECTARINE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE PRUNUS-PERSICA; PEACH; LOW CHILLING; FRUIT BREEDING C1 USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT HORT SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP KREWER, G (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,POB 1209,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 339 EP 340 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NK055 UT WOS:A1994NK05500037 ER PT J AU MCINTOSH, AH GRASELA, JJ AF MCINTOSH, AH GRASELA, JJ TI EXPRESSION OF BETA-GALACTOSIDASE AND LUCIFERASE IN INSECT-CELL LINES INFECTED WITH A RECOMBINANT ACMNPV SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE ACMNPV RECOMBINANT; BETA-GALACTOSIDASE; LUCIFERASE; LEPIDOPTERA; COLEOPTERA ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; INVITRO HOST RANGE; BACULOVIRUS VECTOR; REPLICATION; LOOPER AB An AcMNPV recombinant (Ac-gal-luc) carrying the beta-galactosidase and luciferase genes under the control of the p10 and polyhedrin promoters, respectively, was used to study expression in nine insect cell lines. All AcMNPV-permissive cell lines expressed both reporter genes with the coleopteran cell line, Anthonomus grandis (AGE), Producing the highest concentrations of beta-galactosidase (5.0 X 10(6) pg/ml) and luciferase (2.67 X 10(3) pg/ml). Both enzymes were detected as early as 12 h postinoculation in lysate samples of the AGE cell line. Helicoverpa armigera (HA), a nonpermissive cell line, expressed beta-galactosidase at 12 h postinoculation at a concentration of 3.5 X 10(3) pg/ml. However, expression of luciferase was not detected. Expression of luciferase and beta-galactosidase was also not detected in the nonpermissive Helicoverpa zea (HZ) cell line. RP MCINTOSH, AH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI UPPER MARLBORO PA 9315 LARGO DR W #255, UPPER MARLBORO, MD 20774-4755 SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD APR PY 1994 VL 30A IS 4 BP 275 EP 278 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA NK729 UT WOS:A1994NK72900012 ER PT J AU FERKOVICH, SM OBERLANDER, H DILLARD, C LEACH, E AF FERKOVICH, SM OBERLANDER, H DILLARD, C LEACH, E TI EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENDOPARASITOID, MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) IN CELL LINE-CONDITIONED MEDIA SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE CELL LINE; MEDIA; GERM BAND; LARVAL; INSTAR; FAT BODY; HATCH; LIPID ID INVITRO CULTURE; PROTEINS; HOST AB Embryos of the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes develop from pregerm band stage to first larval instar in cell culture medium conditioned by a cell line (IPLB-LdFB) derived from fat body from an atypical host Lymantria dispar. However, the percentage of eggs that develop normally to the first larval instar stage is significantly less than for those maintained in IPL-52B medium conditioned with host fat body tissue. Therefore, we examined the capacity of five insect cell lines to promote growth and development of pregerm band eggs in five media, IPL-52B, TC-199, TC-100, Grace's, and ExCell 400. The developmental response of M. croceipes was dependent both on the cell line and the cell culture medium used. TC-100, TC-199, and Grace's media promoted development to the germ band stage without the need for conditioning with host tissue. IPL-52B supported development to the germ band stage when a defined lipid concentrate was added. In IPL-52B medium, the IPLB-LdFB cell line promoted a significantly higher number of eggs developing to germ band relative to the other cell lines; however, none of the cell line-conditioned IPL-52B medium significantly stimulated egg hatch relative to the control medium. None of the cell line-conditioned Grace's media had a significant effect on eggs attaining germ band stage compared with the Grace's control medium. However, Grace's medium conditioned with the IAL-TND1 and IPLB-LdFB cell lines promoted development beyond germ band, resulting in a significantly higher percentage of hatching eggs than the Grace's control medium. Although the BCIRL-HZ-AM1 cell line, which is derived from the parasitoid's typical host, did not induce hatch in either IPL-52B medium or Grace's medium, it promoted hatch in TC-199 and Excell 400 media. Fat body taken from the same species that the cell lines were derived from was a better predictor of a cell line's embryotrophic activity in Grace's medium rather than in IPL-52B medium. Thus, the composition of the medium and the species and tissue type of the cell line source must be evaluated interactively to determine optimal conditions for promoting development of M. croceipes in vitro. RP FERKOVICH, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI UPPER MARLBORO PA 9315 LARGO DR W #255, UPPER MARLBORO, MD 20774-4755 SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD APR PY 1994 VL 30A IS 4 BP 279 EP 282 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA NK729 UT WOS:A1994NK72900013 PM 8069451 ER PT J AU DAVIS, DG OLSON, PA AF DAVIS, DG OLSON, PA TI EFFECTS OF PUTRESCINE AND INHIBITORS OF PUTRESCINE BIOSYNTHESIS ON ORGANOGENESIS IN EUPHORBIA-ESULA L SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE POLYAMINES; RHIZOGENESIS; ROOT FORMATION; SHOOT FORMATION; LEAFY SPURGE; INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID ID BEAN HYPOCOTYL CUTTINGS; ROOT-FORMATION; POLYAMINE CONTENT; TRANSPORT; SEEDLINGS; INVOLVEMENT; TOBACCO AB Exogenous putrescine (less than or equal to 5 mM) had little effect on root or shoot formation in aseptically isolated hypocotyl segments of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) grown on full-strength B5 medium. Unexpectedly, putrescine inhibited root and shoot formation in hypocotyl segments grown on B5 medium diluted 10-fold. In the full-strength medium, root and shoot formation were inhibited by 0.5 mM concentrations of DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and DL-alpha-difluoromethylarginine (DFMA). DFMO and DFMA are inhibitors of the ornithine decarboxylase and arginine decarboxylase pathways, respectively, of putrescine biosynthesis in plants. Exogenous putrescine (0.5 to 5 mM) did not reverse either the DFMO-or DFMA-induced inhibition of shoot formation. However, the DFMA-induced inhibition of root formation was partially reversed by exogenous putrescine. The auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), reduced the inhibitory effects of DFMO+DFMA (applied together) on both roots and shoots. In the first few days of culture, the endogenous levels of putrescine and spermidine, but not of spermine, increased in the presence of IAA. The levels of putrescine and spermidine in the tissues did not correlate well with either root or shoot production in the later stages of organ formation; especially in tissues treated with IAA. These results show that there were no obvious correlations between polyamine levels and organogenesis in leafy spurge hypocotyl segments, although residual putrescine or spermidine or both in the tissues at the time of excision may be indirectly involved in the early stages of root formation. RP DAVIS, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,POB 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI UPPER MARLBORO PA 9315 LARGO DR W #255, UPPER MARLBORO, MD 20774-4755 SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD APR PY 1994 VL 30P IS 2 BP 124 EP 130 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA NU250 UT WOS:A1994NU25000007 ER PT J AU JURENKA, RA HAYNES, KF ADLOF, RO BENGTSSON, M ROELOFS, WL AF JURENKA, RA HAYNES, KF ADLOF, RO BENGTSSON, M ROELOFS, WL TI SEX-PHEROMONE COMPONENT RATIO IN THE CABBAGE-LOOPER MOTH ALTERED BY A MUTATION AFFECTING THE FATTY-ACID CHAIN-SHORTENING REACTIONS IN THE PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS; CHAIN SHORTENING; BETA-OXIDATION; TRICHOPLUSIA NI ID REDBANDED LEAFROLLER MOTH; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; LEPIDOPTERA; OXIDATION; BLEND; COA AB Comparisons in the sex pheromone biosynthetic pathway were made between a normal (wild type) and mutant strains of the cabbage looper moth, Trichoplusia ni, maintained in laboratory colonies. The sex pheromone of normal cabbage loopers consists of the major component, (Z-7-dodecenyl acetate) and five minor compounds (all acetate esters) that are biosynthesized from fatty acid precursors by a combination of Delta 11 desaturation, chain shortening, reduction and acetylation. The mutant strain is characterized by higher amounts of Z-9-tetradecenyl acetate and lower amounts of Z-7-dodecenyl acetate. Amounts of fatty acid precursor found in pheromone glands were determined and indicated that some precursors were not chain shortened in the mutant strain. Amounts of all 12 carbon fatty acids were lower in the mutant strain compared to the normal strain. Incorporation studies using radiolabeled precursors indicated that the Delta 11 desaturase, reductase and acetyl-CoA:fatty alcohol acetyltransferase were not affected by the mutation. However, it appeared that chain-shortening steps in the biosynthetic pathway were affected in the mutant strain. An in vitro chain-shortening assay was developed using several different deuterium-labeled fatty acyl-CoAs as substrates to determine how the chain shortening reactions were affected in the mutant strain. The amount of labeled product was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The normal strain preferentially chain shortened Z-11-hexadecenoyl CoA by two rounds of beta-oxidation to Z-7-dodecenoyl CoA. The mutant strain showed lower levels of chain shortening and only one round of beta-oxidation occurred. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT ENTOMOL,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. US ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. LUND UNIV,DEPT ORGAN CHEM 3,S-22100 LUND,SWEDEN. RP JURENKA, RA (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE AGR EXPT STN,DEPT ENTOMOL,GENEVA,NY 14456, USA. NR 30 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 24 IS 4 BP 373 EP 381 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(94)90030-2 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA NF238 UT WOS:A1994NF23800005 ER PT J AU HUNTER, WB ULLMAN, DE AF HUNTER, WB ULLMAN, DE TI PRECIBARIAL AND CIBARIAL CHEMOSENSILLA IN THE WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS, FRANKLINIELLA-OCCIDENTALIS (PERGANDE) (THYSANOPTERA, THRIPIDAE) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INSECT MORPHOLOGY & EMBRYOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FEEDING BEHAVIOR; MORPHOLOGY; GUSTATORY SENSILLA; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; HOST SELECTION ID SPOTTED WILT VIRUS; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; MOUTHPARTS; ULTRASTRUCTURE; LEAFHOPPERS; TOSPOVIRUS; HOMOPTERA; SENSILLA; ANATOMY; HAWAII AB The internal anatomy of the mouthcone of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera : Thripidae), was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy to show location, number and fine structure of the precibarial and cibarial chemosensilla. Four precibarial sensilla are located approximately 12 mum from the tip of the mouthcone, proximal to where the maxillary stylets diverge on their retraction. The cibarium has 20 sensilla, 18 on the epipharyngeal sclerite and 2 on the hypopharyngeal sclerite. The fine structure of individual neurons and their termination at a pore opening into the precibarium and cibarium, respectively, supports a chemosensory function. Ultrastructure of the neurons is similar to that of precibarial and cibarial gustatory chemosensilla found in other piercing-sucking insects, while the number and location of these structures vary widely. Their importance in thrips feeding is discussed and a flowchart of possible thrips host plant selection behavior is proposed. C1 UNIV HAWAII MANOA,COLL TROP AGR & HUMAN RESOURCES,DEPT ENTOMOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP HUNTER, WB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-7322 J9 INT J INSECT MORPHOL JI Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embryol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 23 IS 2 BP 69 EP 83 DI 10.1016/0020-7322(94)90001-9 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ND368 UT WOS:A1994ND36800001 ER PT J AU BINDER, BF BOWERS, WS AF BINDER, BF BOWERS, WS TI PRECOCENE-II-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE ANATOMY OF MIDGUT GOBLET CELLS OF LAST-INSTAR LARVAE OF HELICOVERPA-ZEA (BODDIE) (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INSECT MORPHOLOGY & EMBRYOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MIDGUT ANATOMY; COLUMNAR CELL; TOXICOLOGY ID TOPICAL APPLICATION; GROWTH AB Midgut goblet cells of last-instar larvae of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) that were fed precocene II, appear smaller in diameter and have cavities that are elongated when compared with the goblet cells of larvae fed on normal diet. These precocene-induced changes may account for some of the decrease in growth and the delayed development observed in the last-instar larvae that were fed diet containing precocene II. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ENTOMOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP BINDER, BF (reprint author), USDA ARS,MWA,CORN INSECTS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-7322 J9 INT J INSECT MORPHOL JI Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embryol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 23 IS 2 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1016/0020-7322(94)90006-X PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ND368 UT WOS:A1994ND36800006 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, MS NAKAMURA, LK COHAN, FM AF ROBERTS, MS NAKAMURA, LK COHAN, FM TI BACILLUS MOJAVENSIS SP-NOV, DISTINGUISHABLE FROM BACILLUS-SUBTILIS BY SEXUAL ISOLATION, DIVERGENCE IN DNA-SEQUENCE, AND DIFFERENCES IN FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; STRAINS AB A number of Bacillus strains isolated from desert soil samples were shown to belong to a previously unidentified species, for which we propose the name Bacillus mojavensis. The type strain is RO-H-1 (= NRRL B-14698). On the basis of restriction digest data, B. mojavensis is most closely related to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus atrophaeus, and Bacillus subtilis. So far, B. mojavensis can be distinguished from B. subtilis only by differences in whole-cell fatty acid composition, divergence in DNA sequence, and resistance to genetic transformation between taxa (in addition to reduced genome relatedness values). Sequence divergence and sexual isolation may prove to be more useful than metabolic characteristics for delimiting cryptic Bacillus species. C1 WESLEYAN UNIV,DEPT BIOL,MIDDLETOWN,CT 06459. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM39501] NR 23 TC 118 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 44 IS 2 BP 256 EP 264 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NE811 UT WOS:A1994NE81100010 PM 8186089 ER PT J AU HAGENMAIER, RD BAKER, RA AF HAGENMAIER, RD BAKER, RA TI WAX MICROEMULSIONS AND EMULSIONS AS CITRUS COATINGS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ETHANOL BUILDUP; PERMEABILITY; FRUIT AB Citrus fruit was coated with polyethylene wax, petroleum wax, synthetic petroleum wax, carnauba wax, and candelilla wax emulsified with fatty acids and other FDA-permitted ingredients. Weight losses were low with coatings that contained hydrocarbon wax and for those waxes emulsified with stearic or palmitic rather than oleic acid. Oranges coated with wax had less weight loss, lower internal CO2, higher internal O-2, and better water resistance than fruit coated with shellac or resin. Coatings formed on polymer films had proportionally higher resistance to water vapor when made with wax microemulsions rather than with mixtures of wax with shellac or wood resin. RP HAGENMAIER, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,S ATLANTIC AREA,600 AVE S NW,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 14 TC 57 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1994 VL 42 IS 4 BP 899 EP 902 DI 10.1021/jf00040a012 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NH286 UT WOS:A1994NH28600012 ER PT J AU CAMERON, RG NIEDZ, RP GROHMANN, K AF CAMERON, RG NIEDZ, RP GROHMANN, K TI VARIABLE HEAT-STABILITY FOR MULTIPLE FORMS OF PECTIN METHYLESTERASE FROM CITRUS TISSUE-CULTURE CELLS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WHITE GRAPEFRUIT PULP; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAY; METHYL ESTERASE; PECTINESTERASES; PURIFICATION; FRUIT; ORANGE; CLOUD AB Six forms of pectin methylesterase from Citrus sinensis var. Valencia juice sec derived tissue culture cells have been partially purified by anion-exchange and affinity (heparin and concanavalin A) chromatography. Data on thermal stability and thermal denaturation are provided. One of these forms (PME 3b) retained 29% activity after being incubated at 95 degrees C for 30 s. Two other forms also retained activity at 80-90 degrees C. The most active form, accounting for 93.6% of total activity at 30 degrees C, was completely inactivated after 2 min of incubation at 80 degrees C. The most heat stable form, PME 3b, has a K-m of 0.0309 mg mL(-1) and a V-max of 1.4596 mu equiv min(-1). PME 3b has a pH optimum of 7.0 and is glycosylated. Denaturing electrophoresis and native gel filtration chromatography suggest molecular weights between 34 000 and 47 000 for the partially purified PMEs. The molecular weight of PME 3b estimated by LDS-PAGE was 37 500 and that estimated by gel filtration chromatography was 40 600. C1 USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. RP CAMERON, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,600 AVE S NW,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 25 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1994 VL 42 IS 4 BP 903 EP 908 DI 10.1021/jf00040a013 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NH286 UT WOS:A1994NH28600013 ER PT J AU ROTHFUS, JA HAGEMANN, JW AF ROTHFUS, JA HAGEMANN, JW TI SEED PROTEIN TOPOLOGY - MOLECULAR PROFILES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BREAD WHEAT; LIMITED HYDROLYSIS; GAMMA-GLIADIN; DRAGLINE SILK; LARGE SUBUNIT; GENE FAMILY; GLUTENIN; MAIZE AB Corn, wheat, and soybean seed proteins were examined for potentially useful regularity, size, and polarity. Volume and amphiphilicity profiles evidence analogies to spider silk and human collagen, but seed proteins are 28% larger and 3.6 times more polar per residue. Wheat proteins are more uniform than silk; corn zeins less polar than collagen. A soybean cell wall protein is the most uniform (+/-5 Angstrom(3)); a corn cell wall peptide is the smallest (92 +/- 9 Angstrom(3)) and least polar (2 +/- 18) per residue. Selected parts appear to be more useful than whole molecules. The alpha subunit of soybean beta(-) conglycinin concentrates half its acidic residues in the N-terminal third of the molecule and 90% of its hydrophobic residues in the remainder. Corn glutelin and wheat gliadins contain lengthy (7.6-16.3 kDa) repetitive segments. Signal peptides share similar volumes with the proteins but are more than twice as hydrophobic. RP ROTHFUS, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1994 VL 42 IS 4 BP 909 EP 914 DI 10.1021/jf00040a014 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NH286 UT WOS:A1994NH28600014 ER PT J AU LERCH, RN DONALD, WW AF LERCH, RN DONALD, WW TI ANALYSIS OF HYDROXYLATED ATRAZINE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS IN WATER USING SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-WATERS; S-TRIAZINES; SOIL; HYDROXYATRAZINE; SIMAZINE AB The fate of hydroxylated atrazine degradation products (HADPs) has not been studied extensively in aquatic environments because there are no published quantitative analytical methods that do not use radioisotopes. This paper presents a new method that has been developed to analyze these degradation products in water. Three HADPs, hydroxyatrazine (HA), deethylhydroxyatrazine (DEHA), and deisopropylhydroxyatrazine (DIHA), were extracted, concentrated, and purified from spiked (1 or 5 ppb) laboratory water and stream water samples (0.25 L) using SCX (propylbenzenesulfonic acid) cation-exchange, solid-phase extraction columns. They were then separated and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography using a deactivated, reversed-phase octyl (C-8) column with UV detection at 220 nm. The limit of quantitation was 0.13 ppb for HA and 0.40 ppb for the two N-dealkylated HADPs. Recoveries of 5 ppb HADP spikes from stream water containing 5.6-13.5 ppm of dissolved organic C averaged 89.1 +/- 6.0% (mean +/- standard deviation) for HA, 87.1 +/- 3.7% for DEHA, and 90.4 +/- 4.2% for DIHA. RP LERCH, RN (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI, USDA ARS, CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT, 269 AGR ENGN BLDG, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. NR 29 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1994 VL 42 IS 4 BP 922 EP 927 DI 10.1021/jf00040a017 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NH286 UT WOS:A1994NH28600017 ER PT J AU KNIGHT, AL WEISS, M WEISSLING, T AF KNIGHT, AL WEISS, M WEISSLING, T TI DIURNAL PATTERNS OF ADULT ACTIVITY OF 4 ORCHARD PESTS (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) MEASURED BY TIMING TRAP AND ACTOGRAPH SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; CYDIA-POMONELLA; ARGROTAENIA-CITRANA; PANDEMIS-PYRUSANA; CHORISTONEURA-RSACEANA; BEHAVIOR; CODLING MOTH; LEAFROLLERS ID SEX-PHEROMONE; CODLING MOTH; SPRUCE BUDWORM; FEMALE; DISRUPTION; FLIGHT AB An actograph using ultrasound was constructed to evaluate adult behavior of four tortricid moths: Cydia pomonella (L.), Agryrotaenia citrana (Leonard), Pandemis pyrusana (Kearfott), and Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris). Studies were conducted to compare the timing of male and female moth activity in the actograph using simulated dusk and sunrise periods with the timing of male captures in pheromone-baited traps at 60-min intervals. For all four species, the timing of activity measured for males and females in the actograph was similar to the timing of catch of male moths in the field. Peak periods of adult activity and male moth catch were 0-1 h after dusk for Cydia pomonella, 3-5 h after dusk for Argyrotaenia citrana, 0-2 h after dusk for Choristoneura rosaceana, and 0-1 after dusk for Pandemis pyrusana. For both sexes of all species, except female Choristoneura rosaceana, activity levels of both sexes in the actograph increased at the onset of sunrise. This was particularly pronounced for Cydia pomonella. In the actograph, females of Argyrotaenia citrana and Choristoneura rosaceana had an elevated level of activity prior to the simulated dusk period. Future studies with the actograph are planned to evaluate the effect of pheromone blend and concentration on the activity patterns of both sexes of these species. RP KNIGHT, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS,YAKIMA AGR RES LAB,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 11 IS 2 BP 125 EP 136 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA NP973 UT WOS:A1994NP97300004 ER PT J AU WISEMAN, BR ISENHOUR, DJ AF WISEMAN, BR ISENHOUR, DJ TI RESISTANCE IN SWEET CORN TO CORN-EARWORM LARVAE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; ZEA-MAYS; ANTIBIOSIS; HUSK CHARACTERS; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE AB Selected sweet corn hybrids, Zea mays L., were evaluated in the field and laboratory for resistance against the corn earworm (CEW), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). No field resistance to CEW was detected among the 27 commercial sweet com hybrids, yet 'Ashworth' possessed antibiotic silks. Larvae fed on silk diets of 'Ashworth' were smaller at 9 d, developmental time was longer, and the weight of resulting pupae was less than larvae fed on diets of silks of the other commercial hybrid. However, 'Ashworth' has a loose husk which renders it susceptible in the field. If the husk character could be changed from loose to tightly husked in one or both of the inbreds, a commercial sweet corn would be available to growers that has antibiotic resistance to the CEW in the field. Damage ratings were significantly correlated with husk tightness (r = -0.83) and developmental time of larvae (r = -0.47). Also, husk tightness was significantly correlated with developmental time of larvae (r = 0.62) and weight of pupa (r = -0.50). RP WISEMAN, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 11 IS 2 BP 157 EP 163 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA NP973 UT WOS:A1994NP97300006 ER PT J AU MILLER, JA GEORGE, JE AF MILLER, JA GEORGE, JE TI EFFICACY OF A COMBINATION NECKBAND AND TAILTAG CONTAINING AMITRAZ OR CYHALOTHRIN-K AGAINST LONE-STAR TICKS ON PASTURED CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; LONE STAR TICK; AMITRAZ; CYHALOTRHIN-K; NECKBAND; TAILTAG; CATTLE; TICK CONTROL; ACARI; IXODIDAE ID SUSTAINED-RELEASE BOLUS; IXODIDAE; ACARI; SPRAYS AB A neckband and tailtag containing either amitraz or cyhalothrin K were placed on individual cattle to test the effectiveness of the devices for the control of adult Amblyomma americanum (L.). The neckbands and tailtags were fabricated from either strips of ethylvinyl acetate containing 10% amitraz or from eartags containing 10% cyhalothrin K. Both types of neckbands contained 6 g of acaricide, and 1 g of active ingredient was in each tailtag. Because it was not possible to implement an experimental design that kept treated and untreated animals in separate pastures, in the first of three tests of the amitraz neckband and tailtag, close contact among the treated and untreated heifers resulted in parallel decreases in the numbers of ticks on animals in both groups. Mature cows were used in all subsequent trials to minimize contact between animals. The results of the second test with amitraz and the single test of neckbands and tailtags containing cyhalothrin K were similar with a mean control of 87.3% for 90 d with amitraz and 89.4% for 94 d with the devices containing cyhalothrin. The final trial with amitraz was begun too late in the spring to completely test the persistence of the effect from the neckband and tailtag, but a mean percent control of 93.3% was maintained for 59 d before the seasonal decline in adult tick activity occurred. RP MILLER, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSTECTS RES LAB,2700 FREDERICKSBURG RD,KERRVILLE,TX 78028, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 11 IS 2 BP 165 EP 176 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA NP973 UT WOS:A1994NP97300007 ER PT J AU SHORT, RE BELLOWS, RA STAIGMILLER, RB FORD, SP AF SHORT, RE BELLOWS, RA STAIGMILLER, RB FORD, SP TI PINE NEEDLE ABORTION IN CATTLE - EFFECTS OF DIET VARIABLES ON CONSUMPTION OF PINE NEEDLES AND PARTURITION RESPONSE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; PINUS-PONDEROSA; PINE NEEDLES; ABORTION; DIET ID PONDEROSA PINE; CARUNCULAR ARTERIES; BEEF-COWS; DIGESTIBILITY; BENTONITE; INGESTION; PREGNANCY; INVITRO; WINTER AB Cows that consume needles from Pinus ponderosa (PN) abort, but little is known about variables that affect consumption or response. These experiments were conducted to test the effects of several variables on pine needle-induced abortion. Cows were placed on experiment at 250 d of pregnancy and were either given ad libitum (AL) access to PN separate from other feed sources or the PN were ground and fed (2 kg.cow-1.d-1) mixed with the diet. In Exp. 1, cows were assigned to a 2 x 2 factorial experiment with adequate (AP) vs high-protein (HP) diets and no straw vs AL straw (S). All cows ate PN and aborted, and there were no effects (P > .5) on interval to parturition (IP). Consumption of PN (kg/d) was increased by HP (P < .1). In Exp. 2, cows were assigned to five treatments to test the effects on response to PN of magnesium supplementation, weathering the PN, and using silage rather than hay as the basal diet. Consumption of PN shortened IP (P < .01), but magnesium, weathering PN, and silage-based diets did not decrease the response to PN (P > .5). In Exp. 3, cows were assigned to five treatments to test the effects of aging needles after they were ground, feeding bentonite, and feeding a complete mineral supplement. Pine needles decreased IP (P < .01), and the effects of PN were greater when PN were aged or bentonite or minerals were added (all P < .05). IN Exp. 4, cows were assigned to six treatments to test the effects of controlled vs AL access to feed, and within AL access to feed, whether protein level of the diet or salt-sulfur blocks affected response. Feeding PN reduced IP, and effects were greater when PN were mixed with the diet than when they were available for AL access (P < .01). There were no effects (P > .2) of protein level or salt-sulfur blocks. In Exp. 5, cows were assigned to five treatments to test the effects of limit feeding vs AL availability of the basal diet and basal diets of hay vs corn silage. Access to PN decreased IP only when the basal diet was hay (P < .01), because silage-fed cows did not eat PN. Our conclusions are that 1) feeding high levels of protein increased PN consumption but not abortion rate, 2) weathered or aged needles had activity similar to or greater than that of dried needles, 3) feeding corn silage prevented cows from eating pine needles, and 4) none of the other diet variables prevented consumption of PN or response to PN. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011. RP SHORT, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,RT 1,BOX 2021,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 72 IS 4 BP 805 EP 810 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NE891 UT WOS:A1994NE89100001 PM 8014143 ER PT J AU RAMSEY, WS HATFIELD, PG WALLACE, JD SOUTHWARD, GM AF RAMSEY, WS HATFIELD, PG WALLACE, JD SOUTHWARD, GM TI RELATIONSHIPS AMONG EWE MILK-PRODUCTION AND EWE AND LAMB FORAGE INTAKE IN TARGHEE EWES NURSING SINGLE OR TWIN LAMBS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EWES; LAMBS; FORAGE; FEED INTAKE; MILK PRODUCTION ID BORDER LEICESTER; GROWTH; MERINO; BREED AB Targhee ewes with single or twin lambs were used in four trials during early lactation through weaning to evaluate ewe milk production (MP), kilograms of lamb weaned, and forage intake by ewes and lambs. During Trial 1, ewes with lambs were individually penned, fed .45 kg of barley.ewe-1.d-1 and allowed ad libitum access to chopped alfalfa hay. Trials 2, 3, and 4 were conducted on three different types of Western range environments. Forage intake of ewes in Trials 2, 3, and 4 and of lambs in Trials 3 and 4 was estimated using chromic oxide. Estimates of milk production were obtained by hand-milking. Average lamb age was 4, 50, 78, and 106 d at the beginning of Trials 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Milk production was greater (P = .01) for ewes nursing twins than for those nursing singles at d 4 and 14 in Trial 1. In Trials 2, 3, and 4, all ewes had similar (P > .18) milk production. Ewe DMI during Trials 1 and 2 was greater (P < .05) for ewes nursing twin lambs than for those nursing singles. There was no difference (P > .88) in DMI between ewes with single and those with twin lambs in Trials 3 and 4. Forage DMI by twin lambs, expressed as either kilograms.ewe-1.day-1 or percentage of lamb BW, was higher (P = .01) than intake by single lambs in Trials 3 and 4. Equations predicting single lamb weight in Trial 3 showed that ewe DMI and MP were important variables, whereas in Trial 4 only lamb DMI was important in determining lamb weight at the conclusion of the trial. Correlations for twin lamb variables failed to confirm the relationships noted with the single lamb data. Lamb DMI accounted for 37 and 66% of the variation in single lamb BW for Trials 3 and 4, respectively. Results demonstrate the importance of forage intake by suckling single lambs on weaning weight. C1 USDA ARS,US SHEEP EXPT STN,HC-62,BOX 2010,DUBOIS,ID 83423. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 72 IS 4 BP 811 EP 816 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NE891 UT WOS:A1994NE89100002 PM 8014144 ER PT J AU GREGORY, KE CUNDIFF, LV KOCH, RM DIKEMAN, ME KOOHMARAIE, M AF GREGORY, KE CUNDIFF, LV KOCH, RM DIKEMAN, ME KOOHMARAIE, M TI BREED EFFECTS AND RETAINED HETEROSIS FOR GROWTH, CARCASS, AND MEAT TRAITS IN ADVANCED GENERATIONS OF COMPOSITE POPULATIONS OF BEEF-CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; HETEROSIS; BREED DIFFERENCES; ENERGY INTAKE; GROWTH TRAITS; CARCASS COMPOSITION ID WEIGHT AB Retained heterosis for growth, carcass, and meat traits was estimated in F3 generation castrate male progeny in three composite populations finished on two levels of dietary energy density (2.82 Mcal of ME and 3.07 Mcal of ME and 11.50% CP) and serially slaughtered at four end points at intervals of 20 to 22 d. Breed effects were evaluated in nine parental breeds (Red Poll [R], Hereford [H], Angus [A], Limousin [L], Braunvieh [B], Pinzgauer [P], Gelbvieh [G], Simmental [S], and Charolais [C] that contributed to the three composite populations (MARC I = 1/4 B, 1/4 C, 1/4 L, 1/8 H, 1/8 A; MARC II = 1/4 G, 1/4 S, 1/4 H, 1/4 A; and MARC III = 1/4 R, 1/4 P, 1/4 H, and 1/4 A). Breed effects were important (P < .01) for carcass weight, dressing percentage, fat thickness, and marbling score; for retail product, fat trim and bone percentages and weights at two levels of fat trim (8 and 0 mm); and for carcass lean, fat, and bone percentages and weights. Mean slaughter weight was 54.7 kg greater for the Simmental, Gelbvieh, and Charolais breeds than for the Limousin but did not differ (P > .05) from Limousin in retail product weight or carcass lean weight because of higher dressing percentage, lower fat trim percentage, and lower bone percentage of Limousin. The effects of dietary energy density were important (P < .01) for most traits. The interaction of breed group x dietary energy density generally was not important. Retained heterosis generally was significant for each composite population for weight of retail product, fat trim, bone, and carcass lean, fat, and bone. For percentage of retail product, fat trim, carcass lean, carcass fat, and chemical fat in the 9-10-11th rib cut, generally, heterosis was significant for composites MARC II and MARC III but not for composite MARC I (i.e., composites MARC II and MARC III had a lower percentage of retail product and carcass lean and a higher percentage of fat trim, carcass fat, and chemical fat in the 9-10-11th rib cut than the mean of contributing purebreds). C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ANIM SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP GREGORY, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 18 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 72 IS 4 BP 833 EP 850 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NE891 UT WOS:A1994NE89100006 PM 8014148 ER PT J AU TESS, MW MACNEIL, MD AF TESS, MW MACNEIL, MD TI EVALUATION OF CYTOPLASMIC GENETIC-EFFECTS IN MILES CITY LINE-1 HEREFORD CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE; MATERNAL EFFECTS ID RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; DAIRY-CATTLE; PRODUCTION TRAITS; ANIMAL-MODELS; BEEF-CATTLE; INHERITANCE; GROWTH; LACTATION; SELECTION; YIELD AB Mixed-model techniques were used to evaluate the importance of cytoplasmic genetic effects on growth traits in beef cattle. The data used were records on birth weight (BWT, n = 4,716), preweaning average daily gain (PREADG, n = 4,428), and postweaning average daily gain (POSTADG, n = 3,476) collected from 1935 through 1989 in a closed line of Hereford cattle (Miles City Line 1). Selection criterion was adjusted yearling weight. Cytoplasmic genetic effects were evaluated as both potential fixed and random genetic effects. Cytoplasmic sources (n = 26) were determined based on the foundation female in the maternal lineage of each animal. All foundation females were at least five generations removed from any descendant that produced a performance record. An animal model was used to account for all nuclear additive genetic variation among animals. Direct additive effects were estimated for all traits. Maternal additive and permanent environmental effects were estimated for BWT and PREADG. Fixed effects included year of birth, age of dam, sex of calf, and regressions on inbreeding of calf, inbreeding of dam, and age off postweaning gain test (POSTADG only). When cytoplasm was fit as a fixed effect, F-tests for cytoplasmic effects were not significant (P = .10 to .99) for any trait. Inclusion of cytoplasmic source (fixed) in the statistical model reduced residual standard deviations less than .1%. Variance components for cytoplasmic genetic effects were estimated simultaneously with variance components for direct, maternal, direct-maternal covariance, and maternal permanent environment using REML techniques. Cytoplasmic source accounted for .40, .00, and .00% of the phenotypic variance for BWT, PREADG, and POSTADG, respectively. These results suggest that cytoplasmic genetic effects are not important sources of variation for growth traits in beef cattle. C1 USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LARRL,MILES CITY,MT 59301. RP TESS, MW (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 34 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 72 IS 4 BP 851 EP 856 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NE891 UT WOS:A1994NE89100007 PM 8014149 ER PT J AU SHACKELFORD, SD KOOHMARAIE, M CUNDIFF, LV GREGORY, KE ROHRER, GA SAVELL, JW AF SHACKELFORD, SD KOOHMARAIE, M CUNDIFF, LV GREGORY, KE ROHRER, GA SAVELL, JW TI HERITABILITIES AND PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC CORRELATIONS FOR BOVINE POSTRIGOR CALPASTATIN ACTIVITY, INTRAMUSCULAR FAT-CONTENT, WARNER-BRATZLER SHEAR FORCE, RETAIL PRODUCT YIELD, AND GROWTH-RATE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF; GENETIC CORRELATION; HERITABILITY; CALPASTATIN; TENDERNESS ID ENDOGENOUS PROTEINASE ACTIVITIES; ADRENERGIC AGONIST L644,969; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; POSTMORTEM PROTEOLYSIS; CARCASS COMPOSITION; LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; MEAT TENDERNESS; BEEF TENDERNESS; BOS-INDICUS; CATTLE AB To estimate the heritability (h2) of postrigor calpastatin activity (CA), 555 steers were reared and processed conventionally. Breed-types included purebreds (Angus [A], Braunvieh [B], Charolais [C], Gelbvieh [G], Hereford [H], Limousin [L], Pinzgauer [P], Red Poll [RP], and Simmental [S]), composite populations (MARC I [1/4 C, 1/4 B, 1/4 L, 1/8 H, 1/8 A], MARC II [1/4 S, 1/4 G, 1/4 H, 1/4 A], and MARC III [1/4 RP, 1/4 H, 1/4 P, 1/4 A]), and F1 crosses (H, A, C, G, P, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, or Salers x H or A). Steers were serially slaughtered on an age-constant (across breed groups) basis. Heritability estimates for CA, i.m. fat content (IMF), Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) force, retail product yield (RPY), and ADG were .65 +/- .19, .93 +/- .02, .53 +/- .15, .45 +/- .18, and .32 +/- .26, respectively. The genetic correlations (r(g)) of CA with WBS, RPY, and ADG were .50 +/- .22, .44 +/- .25, and -.52 +/- .37, respectively. The r(g) of IMF with WBS, RPY, and ADG were -.57 +/- .16, -.63 +/- .15, and -.04 +/- .11, respectively. These h2 and r(g) estimates indicate that it should be possible to select for improvements in CA, IMF, and WBS. However, selection against CA may be a more suitable approach for improving meat tenderness than selection for increased IMF because the level of genetic antagonism between CA and RPY was not as great as that between IMF and RPY. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. TEXAS A&M UNIV,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013; Savell, Jeffrey/C-2434-2008 OI Savell, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0354-1286 NR 28 TC 146 Z9 152 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 72 IS 4 BP 857 EP 863 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NE891 UT WOS:A1994NE89100008 PM 8014150 ER PT J AU KOCH, RM CUNDIFF, LV GREGORY, KE AF KOCH, RM CUNDIFF, LV GREGORY, KE TI CUMULATIVE SELECTION AND GENETIC CHANGE FOR WEANING OR YEARLING WEIGHT OR FOR YEARLING WEIGHT PLUS MUSCLE SCORE IN HEREFORD CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; SELECTION; BODY WEIGHT; GENETIC TREND; HERITABILITY; GENETIC CORRELATION ID RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; BEEF-CATTLE; VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; CORRELATED RESPONSES; GROWTH TRAITS; ANGUS CATTLE; POSTWEANING GAIN; ANIMAL-MODELS; POPULATIONS; COVARIANCES AB Selection in three lines of Hereford cattle for 1) weaning weight (WWL), 2) yearling weight (YWL), and 3) an index of yearling weight and muscle score (IXL) was studied. Remnant foundation cows and semen from seven foundation sires were used to establish an unselected control line for the last 11 yr of the experiment. Performance data collected over a 23-yr period on birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WWT), postweaning gain (PWG), yearling weight (YWT), muscle score (MSC), and an index (IDX) giving equal weight to standard deviations of yearling weight and muscle score were analyzed. Generation interval of midparents was about 4.16 yr in each selected line. Sire and dam selection differentials, in standard deviation units per generation, for primary criteria were, respectively, 1.59 and .33 for WWT in WWL, 1.75 and .25 for YWT in YWL, and 1.42 and .25 for IDX in IXL. Components of direct and maternal genetic variances, direct-maternal covariance, and dam permanent environmental variance were estimated by REML. The average annual response of males and females in actual units for each trait in WWL, YWL, and IXL was, respectively, BWT, .22, .24, and .27 kg; WWT, .98, .63, and 1.26 kg; YWT, 2.43, 2.64, and 3.44 kg; and MSC, .053, .009, and .104 scores. Average selection responses in BWT, WWT, YWT, MSC, and IDX per unit of primary criteria in each selection line (all in standard deviation units) were .22, .20, .31, .10, and .24 for WWT in WWL; .23, .12, .32, .04, and .21 for YWT in YWL; and .27, .22, .40, .20, and .36 for IDX in IXL. Responses in bold type are realized heritability and others are correlated responses. Realized genetic correlations were .78 for WWT and YWT, .87 for WWT and IDX, and .86 for YWT and IDX. Responses for all traits in IXL were greater than in other selected lines. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP KOCH, RM (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 54 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 72 IS 4 BP 864 EP 885 PG 22 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NE891 UT WOS:A1994NE89100009 PM 8014151 ER PT J AU CLARK, DH SHORT, RE AF CLARK, DH SHORT, RE TI COMPARISON OF AOAC AND LIGHT SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSES OF UNCOOKED, GROUND-BEEF SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LIGHT SPECTROSCOPY; FIBER OPTICS; NIR; MEAT; DRY MATTER; FAT ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; MOISTURE; PROTEIN; MEAT; FAT AB Ground beef samples (n = 302) were analyzed for DM and fat content with standard laboratory procedures. Samples were also analyzed by light spectroscopy with either a NIRSystems model 6250 or a model 6500. Samples were thawed at room temperature, packed in cups (three/sample), and scanned every 2 nm with the model 6250 in the mid wavelength (MW) region from 1,100 to 2,500 nm (MW-6250). Whirl-pak bags containing the thawed samples were also scanned every 2 nm with the model 6500 using a fiber optic attachment in the short wavelength (SW) region from 400 to 1,100 nm (SW-6500), 1,100 to 2,500 nm (MW-6500), and 400 to 2,500 nm (SW+MW-6500). Each sample was scanned at two different locations on the Whirl-pak bags. The MW-6250 produced the lowest standard errors of calibration (1.62 and 1.62%) and highest R2 values (.97 and .98) for DM and fat, respectively, during calibration. However, SW-6500 produced the lowest standard errors of performance (2.34 and 1.92%) and the highest r2 values (.86 and .95) for DM and fat, respectively, during validation. The MW-6500 and SW+MW-6500 produced intermediate results. Results with fiber optic scanning in the SW region were better than with cups and scanning in the MW region. Light spectroscopy for determining DM and fat content of ground beef samples can replace wet chemistry. C1 USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301. RP CLARK, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 72 IS 4 BP 925 EP 931 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NE891 UT WOS:A1994NE89100016 PM 8014158 ER PT J AU SNOWDER, GD GLIMP, HA FIELD, RA AF SNOWDER, GD GLIMP, HA FIELD, RA TI CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND OPTIMAL SLAUGHTER WEIGHTS IN 4 BREEDS OF SHEEP SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARCASS COMPOSITION; FAT; GROWTH; SHEEP ID GROWTH AB Wether lambs from four breeds, Rambouillet (n = 38), Targhee (46), Columbia (38), and Polypay (38), were used to estimate an optimal slaughter weight for lean lamb production. Wethers, weaned at an average of 105 d of age and 38.5 kg, had ad libitum access to a finishing diet of 85% barley grain and 15% pelleted alfalfa and were slaughtered at weights ranging from 39 to 70 kg. Fat, protein, moisture, and ash percentages were determined on fat and lean from 7-rib racks. Optimal slaughter weight was estimated by using carcass backfat depth or extracted fat in the rack as dependent variables in linear equations. An acceptable lean lamb carcass was defined to have 2.5 to 6.5 mm of backfat depth and 26 to 40% rack chemical fat. On a weight-constant basis Columbia lambs were less physiologically mature than the other breeds, having less (P < .05) kidney and pelvic fat and a lower rack fat percentage. Targhee, Rambouillet, and Polypay wethers were similar in carcass fat and protein composition at a constant slaughter weight. Optimal slaughter weights for certified lean lamb carcasses of Targhee, Rambouillet, and Polypay wethers were 45 to 47 kg, resulting in a Choice quality grade and a 2.7 yield grade. The optimal weight for Columbia was heavier, between 45 and 55 kg, producing a Choice quality grade and a 2.4 yield grade. The derived optimal slaughter weights are limited to the populations sampled and may not be specific to other populations. Results indicate that breed differences in physiological maturity are reflected in carcass characteristics and that such differences should be considered in sorting lambs on slaughter weight. C1 UNIV WYOMING,DEPT ANIM SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP SNOWDER, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SHEEP EXPT STN,DUBOIS,ID 83423, USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 72 IS 4 BP 932 EP 937 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NE891 UT WOS:A1994NE89100017 PM 8014159 ER PT J AU RICHARDSON, RL HAUSMAN, GJ WRIGHT, JT AF RICHARDSON, RL HAUSMAN, GJ WRIGHT, JT TI IN-SITU BINDING AND IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR-I RECEPTORS IN PRIMARY CULTURES OF PORCINE ADIPOSE-TISSUE STROMAL-VASCULAR CELLS TREATED WITH INDOMETHACIN SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE IN-SITU; IGF-I; RECEPTORS; PIGS; ADIPOCYTES; INDOMETHACIN ID ADIPOCYTE PRECURSORS; DIFFERENTIATION; PREADIPOCYTES; EXPRESSION; SECRETION; HORMONE; PROTEIN AB An autoradiographic technique for localizing [I-125]IGF-I binding was adapted to primary cultures of pig stromal-vascular (S-V) cells to study the effects of pig serum (PS) and (or) indomethacin (Indo) on IGF-I and fibronectin (FN) receptors. Computer assisted image analysis revealed that the percentage of [I-125]IGF-I binding decreased (P < .001) in cultures (7 d) treated with Indo compared with 2% PS alone. Binding of [I-125]IGF-I analog (low-binding affinity for the IGF-I binding proteins) also decreased (P < .001) in 7-d cultures treated with Indo. The unlabeled IGF-I analog was more effective than unlabeled IGF-I at decreasing (P < .001) binding of [I-125]IGF-I. Number of fat cell clusters and fat cell area (total lipid deposition) increased (P < .001) with PS + Indo compared with PS or Indo alone. Immunocytochemical staining (fluorescein isothiocyanate) of IGF-I receptors with a polyclonal antibody (flow cytometric analysis) decreased (P < .001) from 1 to d 3 and did not change from 3 to 7 d with PS alone. However, the percentage of reactive cells decreased (P < .05) when Indo was added to PS. In contrast, the number of cells detected with the FN receptor antibody increased fourfold (P < .01) from 1 to 7 d in cultures with PS alone and decreased (P < .05) when Indo was present. Undifferentiated cells around fat cell clusters were reactive for the IGF-I receptor, but fat cells showed no reactivity. These results indicate that Indo decreased total [I-125]IGF-I binding, and flow cytometric analysis verified that Indo down-regulated IGF-I and FN receptors, while increasing differentiation of pig S-V cells in primary cultures. RP RICHARDSON, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 72 IS 4 BP 969 EP 975 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NE891 UT WOS:A1994NE89100022 PM 8014164 ER PT J AU EISEMANN, JH CATHERMAN, DR HUNTINGTON, GB AF EISEMANN, JH CATHERMAN, DR HUNTINGTON, GB TI COMPARISON OF INSULIN INFUSION SITES ON METABOLITE NET FLUX AND INSULIN KINETICS IN GROWING EUGLYCEMIC BEEF STEERS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE STEERS; INSULIN; GLUCOSE; MESENTERY; JUGULAR VEIN; METABOLISM ID GLUCOSE; SHEEP; AMINO; SENSITIVITY; SECRETION; INVIVO; PLASMA; CATTLE; ACIDS; CLAMP AB Four beef steers (average BW, 246 kg) were used in a split-plot design with five bovine insulin (I) infusion rates (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mU.kg-1.h-1) in the main plot and two infusion sites, mesenteric (M) and jugular (J) veins, in the subplot. Steers were fed a medium-energy diet at .235 Mcal of ME/kg BW.75 daily in 12 equal feedings at 2-h intervals. Catheters were placed in the mesenteric, hepatic-portal, and hepatic veins and in the abdominal aorta. Blood was sampled from the arterial, portal, and hepatic catheters at 20-min intervals for 1 h before I infusion. Glucose was infused intrajugularly to maintain euglycemia during the I infusion, with arterial glucose monitored at 10- to 15-min intervals. After at least 2.5 h, blood was again sampled at 20-min intervals for 1 h. Blood flow was determined by downstream dilution of p-aminohippurate. Arterial I concentrations (+/- SE) at the greatest I infusion rates were 183.5 +/- 10.46 (J) and 179.0 +/- 6.64 (M) muU/mL. Portal I concentration tended to be greater during M than during J infusion (e.g., J, 199.9 +/- 10.48 vs M, 225.8 +/- 8.99 muU/mL at the greatest dose). Hepatic glucose production at the larger three I doses reached a plateau near 40% of the preinfusion production rate (.57 +/- .02 mmol.kg-1.h-1 vs J, .23 +/- .029 and M, .27 +/- .037). Urea N concentration decreased, but portal uptake or hepatic release of urea N was largely unaffected by I dose or site of infusion. Nonlinear fits of data to the Michaelis-Menten equation were similar for J and M. Maximal predicted glucose entry (i.e., hepatic production plus glucose infused) was 2.24 mmol.kg-1.h-1 for J and 2.04 for M. Glucose entry reached half-maximal at 68.1 mU I/mL of plasma for J and 63.8 for M. Although some trends indicated physiological differences, no significant responses to infusion site were noted. C1 USDA ARS,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 72 IS 4 BP 990 EP 997 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NE891 UT WOS:A1994NE89100025 PM 8014167 ER PT J AU BLANK, RR YOUNG, JA MARTENS, E PALMQUIST, DE AF BLANK, RR YOUNG, JA MARTENS, E PALMQUIST, DE TI INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND OSMOTIC POTENTIAL ON GERMINATION OF ALLENROLFEA-OCCIDENTALIS SEEDS SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article ID NATIVE STANDS RP BLANK, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 920 VALLEY RD, RENO, NV 89512 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD APR PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 339 EP 347 DI 10.1006/jare.1994.1036 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NH299 UT WOS:A1994NH29900004 ER PT J AU LUNG, HY BAETZ, AL PECK, AB AF LUNG, HY BAETZ, AL PECK, AB TI MOLECULAR-CLONING, DNA-SEQUENCE, AND GENE-EXPRESSION OF THE OXALYL-COENZYME-A DECARBOXYLASE GENE, OXC, FROM THE BACTERIUM OXALOBACTER-FORMIGENES SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID OXALATE; PURIFICATION AB Oxalic acid, a highly toxic by-product of metabolism, is catabolized by a limited number of bacterial species by an activation-decarboxylation reaction which yields formate and CO2. oxc, the gene encoding the oxalic acid-degrading enzyme oxalyl-coenzyme A decarboxylase, was cloned from the bacterium Oxalobacter formigenes. The DNA sequence revealed a single open reading frame of 1,704 bp capable of encoding a 568-amino-acid protein with a molecular weight of 60,691. The identification of a presumed promoter region and a rho-independent termination sequence indicates that this gene is not part of a polycistronic operon. A PCR fragment encoding the open reading frame, when overexpressed in Escherichia coli, produced a product which cross-reacted antigenically with native enzyme on Western blots (immunoblots), appeared to form homodimers spontaneously, and exhibited enzymatic activity similar to that of the purified native enzyme. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK20586] NR 20 TC 53 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 176 IS 8 BP 2468 EP 2472 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NG717 UT WOS:A1994NG71700046 PM 8157618 ER PT J AU VANGIESSEN, WA FESCEMYER, HW BURROWS, PM PETERSON, JK BARNETT, OW AF VANGIESSEN, WA FESCEMYER, HW BURROWS, PM PETERSON, JK BARNETT, OW TI QUANTIFICATION OF ELECTROANTENNOGRAM RESPONSES OF THE PRIMARY RHINARIA OF ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM (HARRIS) TO C4-C8 PRIMARY ALCOHOLS AND ALDEHYDES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HOMOPTERA; APHIDIDAE; PEA APHID; ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; EAG; SECTIONAL ELECTROANTENNOGRAPHY; ANTENNA; ALCOHOLS; ALDEHYDES; STRUCTURE ACTIVITY; PLACOID SENSILLA; CHEMORECEPTION; OLFACTION ID MYZUS-PERSICAE SULZER; PLANT VOLATILES; ALARM PHEROMONE; SEX-PHEROMONE; HOST-PLANT; ANTENNAL SENSILLA; APHID; HOMOPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; HYMENOPTERA AB Electroantennograms (EAGs) of the distal and proximal primary rhinaria (DPR and PPR, respectively) were recorded from excised antennae of alate virginoparous pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Primary unsaturated alcohols and aldehydes with varying carbon length (C4-C-8) were used as volatile stimuli. EAGs were recorded for a series of source concentrations from the DPR and PPR separately through the use of sectional electroantennography. A logistic equation was fitted to the source concentration-response data. Differences in relative EAG response of the DPR and PPR to the alcohols and aldehydes were analyzed by deriving five parameters from this logistic equation. These parameters relate to particular characteristics of sigmoid curves: the saturation (maximum) EAG response (R(s)), the concentration for which the relative EAG response is 1/2R(s) (CR50), the stimulus response range (SR0.9), the threshold concentration (CR1), and the EAG response area (A(R)). Of these parameters, the EAG response area showed the largest separation between EAG responses of the DPR and PPR to the two homologous groups and between compounds with varying carbon chain lengths. The DPR was significantly more responsive to alcohols than to aldehydes, while the reverse was true for the PPR, indicating a basic difference between the two primary rhinaria. The highest overall responses were elicited by 1-hexanol, hexanal, and heptanal. C1 AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,DEPT ENTOMOL,6700 HB WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & PHYSIOL,CLEMSON,SC 29634. CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,CLEMSON,SC 29634. CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT EXPTL STAT,CLEMSON,SC 29634. RP VANGIESSEN, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 62 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 20 IS 4 BP 909 EP 927 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NG403 UT WOS:A1994NG40300008 PM 24242205 ER PT J AU STILES, LH LEATHER, GR CHEN, PK AF STILES, LH LEATHER, GR CHEN, PK TI EFFECTS OF 2 SESQUITERPENE LACTONES ISOLATED FROM ARTEMISIA-ANNUA ON PHYSIOLOGY OF LEMNA-MINOR SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARTEMISININ; ARTEANNUIC ACID; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RESPIRATION; CHLOROPHYLL; LEMNA-MINOR ID QINGHAOSU ARTEMISININ; GROWTH; MITOCHONDRIA; ACIDS AB The effects of artemisinin and arteannuic acid extracted from Artemisia annua on the physiology of Lemna minor were evaluated. Changes in frond production, growth, dry weight, and chlorophyll content of L. minor were determined. Photosynthesis and respiration were evaluated with a differential respirometer. Artemisinin (5 muM) inhibited L. minor frond production and dry weight 82 and 83%, relative to methanol controls. Chlorophyll content was reduced 44% by artemisinin (2.5 muM). Arteannuic acid (10 muM) was less active, inhibiting frond production 61% and reducing chlorophyll content 66% at 5 muM. Artemisinin (1 muM) reduced L. minor photosynthesis 30% and 2.5 muM reduced respiration 39%. Arteannuic acid had no significant effect on photosynthesis or respiration at the levels tested. C1 USDA ARS,FREDERICK,MD 21701. GEORGETOWN UNIV,DEPT BIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20057. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 20 IS 4 BP 969 EP 978 DI 10.1007/BF02059591 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NG403 UT WOS:A1994NG40300012 PM 24242209 ER PT J AU STEVENS, MG HENNAGER, SG OLSEN, SC CHEVILLE, NF AF STEVENS, MG HENNAGER, SG OLSEN, SC CHEVILLE, NF TI SEROLOGIC RESPONSES IN DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS FOR BRUCELLOSIS IN CATTLE VACCINATED WITH BRUCELLA-ABORTUS 19 OR RB51 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note AB Serologic responses in the particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay and the card, complement fixation, and tube agglutination tests were measured for 10 weeks after vaccination of cattle with either Brucella abortus 19 or the lipopolysaccharide 0-antigen-deficient mutant, strain RB51. The responses of strain 19-vaccinated cattle were positive, whereas those of strain RB51-vaccinated cattle were negative, in all of the tests. These results indicate that cattle vaccinated with strain RB51 fail to produce antibodies that can be detected by conventional serologic tests that are used to diagnose bovine brucellosis. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. RP STEVENS, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 11 TC 96 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1065 EP 1066 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NB469 UT WOS:A1994NB46900040 PM 8027313 ER PT J AU JONES, RD PRICE, JC STUEDEMANN, JA BOWEN, JM AF JONES, RD PRICE, JC STUEDEMANN, JA BOWEN, JM TI IN-VITRO AND IN-VIVO RELEASE OF METOCLOPRAMIDE FROM A SUBDERMAL DIFFUSION MATRIX WITH POTENTIAL IN PREVENTING FESCUE TOXICOSIS IN CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE LA English DT Article DE METOCLOPRAMIDE; POLY(HYDROXYBUTYRATE) HYDROXYVALERATE; FESCUE TOXICOSIS; KINETIC RELEASE ID INFECTED TALL FESCUE; SUMMER TOXICOSIS; PROLACTIN; STEERS AB An auricular implant (0.5 x 3.7 cm) containing metoclopramide was developed for use in cattle as a therapeutic aid in antagonizing the harmful effects associated with grazing of endophyte-infected fescue pastures. The implant matrix was prepared from the biodegradable polymer, polyhydroxybutyrate and its copolymer polyhydroxyvalerate using compression-melt and solvent-evaporation compression techniques. Fabrication variables evaluated in in vitro dissolution studies included concentration of copolymer, drug payload, salt form vs. free base form of drug, and degree of compression. The optimal system consisted of a matrix containing 24% copolymer with a 50% drug payload that was prepared with the compression-melt technique. An in vivo study in cattle was conducted to assess biocompatibility and verify the dissolution rate in the whole animal. No adverse reactions occurred. The metoclopramide implant had a dissolution rate of 12 mg/day and was vascularized by the surrounding connective tissue. The matrix sham had no observable vascularization. An additional study used twelve pairs (one implanted, the other control) of steers placed on four different endophyte/nitrogen grazing treatments. The total ergot content (0.2-2.2 mug/g) of the twelve fescue paddocks was measured by HPLC, and fraction of Acremonium endophyte infection (23-67%) was determined by aniline stain. The implant resulted in an improvement in suppressed tail temperature (P < 0.01) among all endophyte /nitrogen treatments, and cholesterol (P < 0.01) among the high endophyte / nitrogen treatments. C1 USDA ARS,PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES LAB,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PHARMACEUT,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-3659 J9 J CONTROL RELEASE JI J. Control. Release PD APR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 1 BP 35 EP 44 DI 10.1016/0168-3659(94)90042-6 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA NR124 UT WOS:A1994NR12400004 ER PT J AU VANHEKKEN, DL STRANGE, ED AF VANHEKKEN, DL STRANGE, ED TI RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF DEPHOSPHORYLATED WHOLE CASEIN RENNET GELS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CASEIN; GEL; DEPHOSPHORYLATED; MICROSTRUCTURE ID SKIM MILK GELS; ACID-PHOSPHATASE; BETA-CASEIN; CALCIUM; PRECIPITATION; COAGULATION; PROTEINS; MICELLES AB The formation of rennet gels made with native or dephosphorylated (40 and 93%) whole CN was monitored using a dynamic oscillatory shear spectrometer with a Couette geometry sample holder. Casein solutions were prepared with different Ca2+:CN ratios and treated with rennet prior to loading into the sample holder. Gels formed when all the individual CN had either all or none of their phosphate groups, but only weak localized gels formed when the CN were at multiple levels of dephosphorylation. The rheological properties of gels with the highest storage (elastic) and loss (viscous) moduli 1 h after gel formation were compared [Ca2+:CN ratios of .6 (native) or .3 (dephosphorylated)]. Rennet gels of maximally (93%) dephosphorylated CN had similar coagulation times and gel strengths, had lower tan delta (the viscous modulus divided by elastic modulus), and formed at lower Ca2+:CN ratios over a narrower range than did native CN. Partially (40%) dephosphorylated CN rennet gels were similar to maximally dephosphorylated casein gels in tan delta and Ca2+:CN ratios of formation but, compared with both native and maximally dephosphorylated CN gels, were much weaker and had much longer coagulation times. Electron microscopy showed that native CN micelles had fused together to form smooth columns but that the dephosphorylated CN had formed smaller discrete aggregates that clustered together to form a more compact matrix. RP VANHEKKEN, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,N ATLANTIC AREA,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 77 IS 4 BP 907 EP 916 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(94)77025-9 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA ND265 UT WOS:A1994ND26500002 ER PT J AU CIFRIAN, E GUIDRY, AJ OBRIEN, CN NICKERSON, SC MARQUARDT, WW AF CIFRIAN, E GUIDRY, AJ OBRIEN, CN NICKERSON, SC MARQUARDT, WW TI ADHERENCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS TO CULTURED BOVINE MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ADHERENCE; MAMMARY; EPITHELIUM ID RECONSTITUTED BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; ALVEOLAR MORPHOGENESIS; COLLAGEN GELS; INVITRO; GLAND; MICROORGANISMS; ESTABLISHMENT; ADHESION; PROTEIN; MATRIX AB Bovine mammary secretory cells, isolated at necropsy, were cultured in vitro and used as a model to study the mode of adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to mammary epithelium. Cultured cells were characterized by their morphology and physiology as secretory epithelial cells. Cells showed characteristic growth patterns when grown on polystyrene, fibronectin, laminin, collagen, and reconstituted basement membrane from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm murine sarcoma. Cells cultured on collagen formed confluent monolayers and were the most suitable for bacterial adherence studies. Cultured cells stained intensely for cytokeratin and for specific milk proteins, i.e., alpha-casein, beta-casein, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, and lactoferrin. The effect of frozen storage for 10 mo on cell viability or presence of milk proteins was minimal. Staphylococcus aureus showed large affinity for extracellular matrix components, i.e., fibronectin, laminin, and collagen. Adherence to confluent cell monolayers was minimal. In preconfluent cell monolayers, most S. aureus adhered more readily to the exposed matrix than to the epithelial cells. Overnight exposure to staphylococcal alpha-toxin greatly increased adherence of S. aureus to confluent monolayers. However, whether bacteria adhered to alpha-toxin damaged cells or to exposed matrix is not clear. Unencapsulated S. aureus adhered in larger numbers than did encapsulated S. aureus. RP CIFRIAN, E (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 39 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 77 IS 4 BP 970 EP 983 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(94)77033-8 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA ND265 UT WOS:A1994ND26500010 PM 8201055 ER PT J AU REEVES, JB AF REEVES, JB TI USE OF NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY AS A TOOL FOR SCREENING TREATED FORAGES AND BY-PRODUCTS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NEAR INFRARED; NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; TREATED FEEDS; PROTEIN ID DIGESTIBILITY; PREDICTION AB The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy to measure the composition (NDF and CP) of diversely treated forages and byproducts. Samples (325) were selected randomly from 2808 possible sample and treatment combinations generated using 18 feedstuffs, 26 treatments (acids, bases, oxidizing and reducing agents, and heat), and six levels of reagent for each treatment. The NDF and CP were determined and calculated on an OM basis. Stepwise regressions using all 325 samples and 10 nm between wavelengths gave R2 and standard error of calibration of .87 and 4.1 for NDF and .93 and 1.5 for CP. Division of the 325 samples into calibration, validation, and test sets consisting of 4 of 9, 2 of 9, and 3 of 9 total samples, respectively, resulted for NDF in average R2 and SE of .87, 4.1; .87, 4.3; and .82, 4.9 for the calibration, validation, and test sets, respectively, and for CP .92, 1.6; .94, 1.3; and .86, 2. 1. The results for the all calibration set for NDF were similar to those for materials treated with sodium chlorite (less so for CP), indicating the potential for near infrared as a screening tool for treated feedstuffs. However, the poorer results for the test sets indicate that problems may exist with its use because of the wide diversity of samples and treatments present. RP REEVES, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 77 IS 4 BP 1030 EP 1037 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(94)77038-7 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA ND265 UT WOS:A1994ND26500015 ER PT J AU KNIGHT, AL BRUNNER, JF ALSTON, D AF KNIGHT, AL BRUNNER, JF ALSTON, D TI SURVEY OF AZINPHOSMETHYL RESISTANCE IN CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) IN WASHINGTON AND UTAH SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE APPLE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDE; RESISTANCE ID INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; PHEROMONE TRAPS; APPLE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POPULATIONS AB A bioassay in which azinphosmethyl was incorporated into the adhesive of a sex pheromone trap was developed to detect resistance in populations of male codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). Experiments were done to evaluate the influence of the length of the bioassay, moth body position in the adhesive, moth age, and extremes of temperature and relative humidity (RH) experienced by moths caught in traps in the field. Moth's body position and age for moths <5 d old were not significant factors affecting moth mortality. Exposure to low humidity (45% RH) or low to high temperature (10-20-degrees-C) for up to 12 h did not significantly affect mortality. Forty-eight populations were surveyed in Washington, and three populations were surveyed in Utah during 1991-1992 with a discriminating concentration, 75 mug (AI)/g adhesive; moth mortality was scored after 64 h at 20-degrees-C and >85% RH. Populations from crabapple plantings, certified-organic, abandoned, and conventional orchards were sampled. Twenty of 44 populations monitored in 1991 and 12 of 17 populations monitored in 1992 had significant levels of resistance compared with a susceptible laboratory strain based on nonoverlapping 95% CL. All but one of these resistant populations were from current conventional or recently abandoned conventional orchards. Results from the 10 orchards sampled in both years were not significantly different. Resistance in a population collected in 1991 reverted rapidly when removed from exposure to azinphosmethyl and reared on apple in the laboratory. RP KNIGHT, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS,YAKIMA AGR RES LABS,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 19 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 87 IS 2 BP 285 EP 292 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR614 UT WOS:A1994NR61400004 ER PT J AU HAYNES, JW SMITH, JW AF HAYNES, JW SMITH, JW TI DIFLUBENZURON PLUS COTTONSEED OIL - EFFECTS ON BOLL-WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) CUTICLE HARDNESS, MATING, AND FLIGHT SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS-GRANDIS; DIFLUBENZURON; CUTICLE HARDNESS AB Laboratory studies were done to measure physiological effects of diflubenzuron when formulated in cottonseed oil and applied at very low rates to boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman. Tests were designed to measure cuticle softness, mating propensity, and effect on flight. We found significant differences within treatments in all three studies as the dose increased. Cottonseed oil formulations containing 25% diflubenzuron reduced cuticle hardness by 46.2-61.0%. Cottonseed oil formulations containing 12.5-25% diflubenzuron reduced mating by 22.2-35.4% and flight by 11.6-21.2%. RP HAYNES, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOLL WEEVIL RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 87 IS 2 BP 339 EP 344 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR614 UT WOS:A1994NR61400012 ER PT J AU VANDENBERG, JD AF VANDENBERG, JD TI CHALKBROOD SUSCEPTIBILITY AMONG LARVAE OF THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE (HYMENOPTERA, MEGACHILIDAE) REARED ON DIFFERENT DIETS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ASCOSPHAERA-AGGREGATA; INSECT MYCOSIS; MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA ID ASCOSPHAERA-AGGREGATA; ROTUNDATA; PROVISIONS; BIOASSAY AB Bioassays were conducted to determine effects of diet on chalkbrood, a devastating mycosis of larvae of the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (F.). Bees reared in the laboratory on four sterilized diets were assayed for chalkbrood susceptibility, bee development, and survival. Bees reared on a pollen + pollen substitute diet had an LC50 of 138 spores per larva, the shortest time to death, the smallest cadaver size, and the most frequent sporulation. Uninfected larvae developed into normal adults. Bees reared on a pollen + sugars diet had the lowest LC50 (79 spores per larva), the longest time to death, and the lowest sporulation rate. On this diet, the development and survival of uninfected larvae were delayed, and only a few small adults emerged. Bees reared on a pollen + sugars diet with a higher pollen concentration had the highest LC50 (1,549 spores per larva). These bees also had delayed development and reduced survival to the adult stage, but adults were of normal size. Bees reared on sterilized natural provisions had an intermediate LC50 (219 spores per larva), time to death, and sporulation rate, and the largest cadaver size. Development and survival rates for bees reared on this diet were similar to those obtained with bees reared on the pollen + pollen substitute diet, but adults were much larger than those reared on any other diet. Thus, diet factors that promote bee survival and growth are different from those that determine chalkbrood susceptibility. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BEE BIOL & SYSTEMAT LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. RI Van den Berg, Johnnie/M-7256-2013 OI Van den Berg, Johnnie/0000-0002-6831-3180 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 87 IS 2 BP 350 EP 355 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR614 UT WOS:A1994NR61400014 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, M ROBERTSON, JL WEBB, RE AF SHAPIRO, M ROBERTSON, JL WEBB, RE TI EFFECT OF NEEM SEED EXTRACT UPON THE GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) AND ITS NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR (NEEM EXTRACT; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS ID FEEDING INHIBITION; AZADIRACHTA-INDICA; ENDOCRINE EVENTS; LARVAE; COLEOPTERA; GROWTH AB Neem seed extract inhibited growth and development of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), larvae. Untreated control larvae increased their weight by almost-equal-to 40-fold by day 14, whereas insects treated with 0.10% neem and 1.00% neem weighed almost-equal-to 30% and almost-equal-to 4%, respectively, of the average weight of the untreated larvae. By day 14, 99% of the controls were in the fifth stage and 1% were prepupae. After treatment with 0.10% neem almost one-third of those larvae were still in the fourth stage, whereas larvae treated with 1.00% neem were still in the second and third stages. Neem extracts had little, if any, effect upon viral activity, as measured by LC50s. The addition of neem extract to the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus, however, resulted in faster virus-caused mortality. C1 USDA ARS,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,PETALUMA,CA 94952. RP SHAPIRO, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARCW,INSECT BIOCONTROL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 32 TC 33 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 87 IS 2 BP 356 EP 360 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR614 UT WOS:A1994NR61400015 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, M DOUGHERTY, EM AF SHAPIRO, M DOUGHERTY, EM TI ENHANCEMENT IN ACTIVITY OF HOMOLOGOUS AND HETEROLOGOUS VIRUSES AGAINST THE GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) BY AN OPTICAL BRIGHTENER SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; INSECT VIRUS; OPTICAL BRIGHTENER ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; NUCLEOPOLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; CALCOFLUOR WHITE; CELL-LINE; REPLICATION; BACULOVIRUS; PROTECTANTS; SCREENS AB Addition of a selected stilbene optical brightener (Phorwite AR) to the gypsy moth cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus reduced the LC50 from 1.21 x 10(5) polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) per ml to 1.40 x 10(2) PIB per ml in gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), larvae. The brightener also reduced the LT50 for this virus from 13.2 d to 8.4 d (1 x 10(6) PIB per ml). Whereas the gypsy moth is not susceptible to such viruses as the Autographa nuclear polyhedrosis virus and the Amsacta entomopoxvirus, addition of Phorwite AR to suspensions of these viruses resulted in susceptibility. RP SHAPIRO, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 36 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 87 IS 2 BP 361 EP 365 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR614 UT WOS:A1994NR61400016 ER PT J AU SPURGEON, DW RAULSTON, JR LINGREN, PD SHAVER, TN PROSHOLD, FI GILLESPIE, JM AF SPURGEON, DW RAULSTON, JR LINGREN, PD SHAVER, TN PROSHOLD, FI GILLESPIE, JM TI TEMPORAL ASPECTS OF SPERM TRANSFER AND SPERMATOPHORE CONDITION IN MEXICAN RICE BORERS (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EOREUMA-LOFTINI; REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY; SPERMATOPHORE ID EOREUMA-LOFTINI LEPIDOPTERA; PHEROMONE; NOCTUIDAE; SUGARCANE; TRAPS AB Sperm transfer and spermatophore disintegration in females and duplex refilling in males of the Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), were examined by freezing moths at time intervals after mating. Eupyrene sperm location and spermatophore condition in female moths changed with time after mating. Sperm transferred from the spermatophore to the spermatheca between 6 and 8 h after mating. Spermatophores passed through several stages of disintegration and were completely disintegrated after 72 to 96 h. Stages of spermatophore disintegration are described and can be used to estimate time since females have mated. Numbers of sperm bundles in male duplexes increased with increasing time after mating but were too variable to be of practical use in assessing mating status. The best indicator of male mating status was duplex condition (color). Duplex condition can be used to determine mating status for almost-equal-to 6 h after mating, although estimates using this criterion will be slight underestimates of actual mating activity. C1 USDA ARS,CROP INSECT PESTS MANAGEMENT RES,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 87 IS 2 BP 371 EP 376 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR614 UT WOS:A1994NR61400018 ER PT J AU MILLER, RW AF MILLER, RW TI INHIBITION OF HOUSE-FLIES AND STABLE FLIES (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) IN FIELD-SPREAD DAIRY BEDDING FROM CATTLE TREATED WITH DIFLUBENZURON BOLUSES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MUSCA-DOMESTICA; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS; DAIRY CATTLE AB Soiled bedding (straw mixed with urine and feces) was removed from two pens housing dairy heifers and spread in windrows in two fields. Each heifer in one of the pens was administered a diflubenzuron bolus, whereas heifers in the other pen were not treated. House flies, Musca domestica L., and stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), emerging from the spread bedding were captured in emergence traps and on sticky traps. More house flies and stable flies emerged from the untreated bedding than from the treated bedding; most emergence occurred the second week after spreading. RP MILLER, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 87 IS 2 BP 402 EP 404 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR614 UT WOS:A1994NR61400023 ER PT J AU HALLMAN, GJ AF HALLMAN, GJ TI MORTALITY OF 3RD-INSTAR CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) REARED AT 3 TEMPERATURES AND EXPOSED TO HOT-WATER IMMERSION OR COLD-STORAGE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; HEAT TOLERANCE AB Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), were reared from egg to third instar at 20, 25, or 30 + 0.3-degrees-C in a semiartificial diet, carambolag, and guavas, then exposed to hot water immersion (43-46-degrees-C) and cold storage (1-degrees-C) quarantine treatments. Caribbean fruit flies were more tolerant of heat when reared at higher temperatures than low temperatures inside the range of 20-30-degrees-C. Third instars reared on semiartificial diet at 30-degrees-C had significantly less mortality (49.0%) than those reared at 20-degrees-C (94.2%) when insects reared at both temperatures were immersed in water at 43-degrees-C for 21 min. In tests with large numbers of third instars reared on semiartificial diet, mortality was 100, 99.9909, and 99.926% for larvae reared at 20, 25, and 30-degrees-C, respectively, and immersed in water at 43-degrees-C for 43 min. Mortality of Caribbean fruit fly larvae reared inside guavas at 20, 25, and 30-degrees-C immersed in hot water at 46-degrees-C for 25 min was 100, 99.917, and 99.40%, respectively. This information should be considered when heat quarantine treatments and models of Caribbean fruit fly mortality to heat are designed. Rearing temperature (20-30-degrees-C) did not affect tolerance to 1-degrees-C cold storage. RP HALLMAN, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 9 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 87 IS 2 BP 405 EP 408 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR614 UT WOS:A1994NR61400024 ER PT J AU FITZGERALD, JW COULSON, RN PULLEY, PE FLAMM, RO OLIVERIA, FL SWAIN, KM DRUMMOND, DB AF FITZGERALD, JW COULSON, RN PULLEY, PE FLAMM, RO OLIVERIA, FL SWAIN, KM DRUMMOND, DB TI SUPPRESSION TACTICS FOR DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS ZIMMERMAN (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) - AN EXAMINATION OF THE OCCURRENCE OF INFESTATIONS ADJACENT TO TREATMENT SITES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; SUPPRESSION TACTICS; DISPERSAL ID EMERGENCE AB Proliferation is the vernacular expression commonly used to describe the process of establishment of a new southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann) infestation in the vicinity of an existing one. We examined the proliferation process in relation to infestations treated with two commonly used suppression tactics: cut-and-leave and cut-and-remove. Because the modes of action for these tactics have not been examined, this circumstance led to our speculation that beetles dispersing from treatment sites, especially cut-and-leave tactics, initiated new infestations (i.e., caused proliferation). In this study we (1) compared the incidence of proliferation among infestations treated by cut-and-remove and cut-and-leave tactics, (2) examined the incidence of proliferation relative to an expected value for each treatment type, and (3) evaluated the incidence of proliferation as a function of infestation size and number of adjacent infestations. Two databases containing information on locations of treated and nontreated infestations occurring in East Texas were used. Using comparative statistical tests, we found no significant difference in proliferation between cut-and-leave and cut-and-remove tactics. For the range of the database, infestation size did not influence proliferation, but the number of infestations surrounding the source affected proliferation. These results do not support the contention that southern pine beetles emigrating from treatment sites result in establishment of a larger number of infestations than expected. C1 US FOREST SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30367. RP FITZGERALD, JW (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,KNOWLEDGE ENGN LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 87 IS 2 BP 417 EP 425 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR614 UT WOS:A1994NR61400026 ER PT J AU STEIN, JD MORI, SR AF STEIN, JD MORI, SR TI SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDE IMPLANTS FOR PROTECTION OF WHITE FIR SCIONWOOD FROM DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ORGYIA-PSEUDOTSUGATA; ABIES-CONCOLOR; SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES ID GRAND FIR; POPULATIONS; ACEPHATE AB White fir, Abies concolor (Gordon & Glendinning) Lindley ex Hildebrand, is an important tree species along the western slope of the Sierra Nevada in California. In 1989 and 1990, the ability of implanted applications of acephate, dimethoate, and carbofuran to protect potential scionwood from damage by the Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough), was evaluated. Dimethoate was not effective during either the first or the second year, carbofuran was effective only during the second year, and acephate was effective for two successive years after implantation. One application of acephate increased the availability of usable scions from 1 to 99% during the first year of treatment with similar results the year after treatment application. RP STEIN, JD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 87 IS 2 BP 426 EP 430 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR614 UT WOS:A1994NR61400027 ER PT J AU GILLESPIE, RL MCGUIRE, MR SHASHA, BS AF GILLESPIE, RL MCGUIRE, MR SHASHA, BS TI PALATABILITY OF FLOUR GRANULAR FORMULATIONS TO EUROPEAN CORN-BORER LARVAE (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FORMULATION; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; EUROPEAN CORN BORER ID SPRUCE BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; POTATO BEETLE COLEOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; EXPOSURE; CHRYSOMELIDAE; TORTRICIDAE AB Newly developed techniques for producing starch and flour granule formulations encapsulating Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner have led to a large number of potentially effective baits for Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). One aspect of these formulations that must be considered is their palatability to com borer larvae. Experiments were conducted to determine palatability of several formulations in two-choice preference tests. Com borer larvae preferred flour granules containing cotton leaves or a commercially available feeding stimulant, Coax, or both. Larvae rejected granules formulated with CaCl2. Granules made with molasses were intermediate in palatability. When the granules were formulated with 1,600 International Units (IU) B. thuringiensis per mg granules and 20 mg of granules were sprinkled on cotton leaves, several formulations killed >70% of the corn borer larvae that fed on treated leaves; other formulations killed <40% of the test insects. Mortality was reduced when larvae were exposed to cotton leaves sprinkled with granules formulated with CaCl2 when compared with those formulated with cotton leaves or Coax, or both. The dose of B. thuringiensis could be reduced by 3/4 (i.e., to 400 IU/mg) without affecting the level of larval mortality if the pathogen was entrapped in granules containing cotton leaf tissue + Coax or only cotton leaf tissue. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 87 IS 2 BP 452 EP 457 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR614 UT WOS:A1994NR61400031 ER PT J AU MILLER, H PORTER, DR BURD, JD MORNHINWEG, DW BURTON, RL AF MILLER, H PORTER, DR BURD, JD MORNHINWEG, DW BURTON, RL TI PHYSIOLOGICAL-EFFECTS OF RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) ON RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE BARLEY SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; HORDEUM; VULGARE; HOST PLANT RESISTANCE ID POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; PROTEINS; STRESS AB A resistant barley (Hordeum vulgare L., PI 366450) was used to compare physiological responses of a susceptible barley ('Morex') to the recently introduced pest, Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko). As measured by chlorosis, leaf rolling, and streaking, damage by Russian wheat aphid was greater in 'Morex' than in PI 366450. The inhibition of growth, as measured by plant height, shoot dry weight, and number of leaves, also was greater in 'Morex' than in PI 366450. Relative water contents of leaves or stems showed no differences between 'Morex' and PI 366450 as a result of infestation. Well-watered PI 366450 showed greater stomatal closure in response to aphid infestation than 'Morex'. However, the stomatal resistance responses of water-deprived PI 366450 and 'Morex' to Russian wheat aphids could not be distinguished. The two-dimensional SDS-PAGE protein profiles of uninfested 'Morex' and PI 366450 leaves were virtually identical. Upon infestation, a complex of proteins (almost-equal-to 23 kD) was altered in the PI 366450 profile and had decreased levels in 'Morex'. Chlorophyll measurements indicated a greater relative loss of chlorophyll during infestation in 'Morex' than in PI 366450 when deprived of water; no differences could be distinguished when well watered. Measurements of the effectiveness of photosystem II to transfer electrons also showed no differences between well-watered resistant and susceptible barleys as a result of aphid infestation. However, the ability of the quinone pool in 'Morex' to recover after illumination was reduced greatly relative to that of PI 366450. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075. NR 18 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 87 IS 2 BP 493 EP 499 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR614 UT WOS:A1994NR61400036 ER PT J AU DINKINS, RL TEDDERS, WL REID, W AF DINKINS, RL TEDDERS, WL REID, W TI PREDACEOUS NEUROPTERANS IN GEORGIA AND KANSAS PECAN TREES SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SEASONAL INCIDENCE; PECAN; PREDATOR; INSECTICIDE; NEUROPTERA; LACEWING ID SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; PREDATORS; HOMOPTERA; APHID AB Fourteen species, six genera, and three families of Neuroptera were found in Georgia and Kansas pecan tree canopies. Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) was the most numerous green lacewing collected in both areas. Chrysoperla carnea Stephens was the second most abundant green lacewing collected. Micromus posticus (Walsh) and Hemerobius humulinus L. were the two most commonly collected brown lacewings in both regions. Green lacewing populations were 6 to 11-fold larger in Kansas than in Georgia. Brown lacewing populations were slightly larger in Georgia than in Kansas. Green lacewing seasonal incidence was similar in both areas, with the late season peak occurring 2 to 3 wks later in Georgia than in Kansas. Brown lacewing seasonal incidence varied considerably between regions and years. Coniopteryx westwoodi Melander was the primary microneuropteran species collected. In Kansas, pesticide applications had significant effect on lacewing populations in some years but not others. Carbaryl applications had greater effect on population levels than phosalone. C1 USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT HORT,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP DINKINS, RL (reprint author), PITTSBURG STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,PITTSBURG,KS 66762, USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 29 IS 2 BP 165 EP 175 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NL107 UT WOS:A1994NL10700001 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, FH BROWN, SL AF ARTHUR, FH BROWN, SL TI EVALUATION OF DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH (INSECTO) AND BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS FORMULATIONS FOR INSECT CONTROL IN STORED PEANUTS SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INSECTICIDES; PEANUTS; INSECTS; CONTROL ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; TENEBRIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; RESISTANCE; EFFICACY; DRYACIDE AB Runner variety peanuts treated with four rates of diatomaceous earth (28.4, 56.8, 85.2, and 113.6 g per 12.7 kg peanuts) and Virginia variety peanuts treated with four Bacillus thuringiensis formulations (Dipel, Foil, M-Trak and Trident) were held for 8 months at ambient conditions in south Georgia and infested with stored-product insect pests. No red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), adults were found in peanuts treated with diatomaceous earth until six months after treatment. After 8 months, red flour beetle populations in peanuts treated with diatomaceous earth ranged from 5.7 +/- 1.9 to 32.8 +/- 12.0 per kg, as compared to 221.2 red flour beetles per 12.7 kg peanuts in untreated controls. The effect of diatomaceous earth on red flour beetles was described by non-linear regression. Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), and almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker), populations were not abundant in untreated controls or the diatomaceous earth treatments. After 8 months, red flour beetle populations in peanuts treated with the four biological insecticides were not significantly different from the untreated controls. Low levels of Indianmeal moth and almond moth were present in all treatments. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP ARTHUR, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 29 IS 2 BP 176 EP 182 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NL107 UT WOS:A1994NL10700002 ER PT J AU KEEVER, DW AF KEEVER, DW TI REDUCED ADULT EMERGENCE OF THE MAIZE WEEVIL, LESSER GRAIN BORER, AND TOBACCO-MOTH DUE TO THURINGIENSIN SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE THURINGIENSIN; DIBETA; MAIZE WEEVIL; LESSER GRAIN BORER; TOBACCO MOTH; SITOPHILUS-ZEAMAIS; RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA; EPHESTIA-ELUTELLA RP KEEVER, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,OXFORD,NC 27565, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 29 IS 2 BP 183 EP 185 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NL107 UT WOS:A1994NL10700003 ER PT J AU BELL, MR HARDEE, DD AF BELL, MR HARDEE, DD TI EARLY-SEASON APPLICATION OF A BACULOVIRUS FOR AREA-WIDE MANAGEMENT OF HELIOTHIS-HELICOVERPA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) - 1992 FIELD TRIAL SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PEST MANAGEMENT; TOBACCO BUDWORM; CORN EARWORM; BACULOVIRUS ID TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; MISSISSIPPI; MOVEMENT; DELTA; WILD; HOST AB A 9.6-km diam area in the intensive cotton-growing region of the Mississippi Delta was treated with an entomopathogenic virus to determine the effect on populations of adult tobacco budworms, Heliothis virescens (F.), and bollworms, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), emerging from early season weed hosts. Four aircraft were used to treat almost-equal-to 7,106 ha during 24-28 April at a rate of 100 larval equivalents per ha. Emergence data from cages placed over treated and untreated areas indicated that virus treatments reduced tobacco budworm emergence by 80.6% and bollworm emergence by 46.2%. During the emergence period, tobacco budworm traps in the area surrounding the treated area averaged 11.4 moths per trap per night. Average trap capture per trap per night in the center (6.4 km diam) of the treated area was 6.4 moths, a reduction of 43.9% compared with the untreated area. Correspondingly, reduction in trap counts for bollworm in the center was 21% when compared with the untreated area. RP BELL, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,POB 346,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 29 IS 2 BP 192 EP 200 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NL107 UT WOS:A1994NL10700005 ER PT J AU SIMMONS, AM ROGERS, CE AF SIMMONS, AM ROGERS, CE TI FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) MATING EFFECTS OF AGE AND SCOTOPHASE ON PRE-MATING TIME, MATING INCIDENCE, AND FERTILITY SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; FALL ARMYWORM; FERTILITY; MATING BEHAVIOR; PHOTOPERIOD; PRE-MATING TIME AB Laboratory studies were conducted to determine premating time requirements under different light regimes, influences of duration of scotophase on incidence of mating, and changes in fertility with age in laboratory-reared fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Females required less time after emergence (XBAR = 11.5 h) than males (XBAR = 21.5 h) before active copulation when held under a 15:9 (L:D) h photoperiod. The incidence of mating increased from 0.36 to 0.92 times per 24 h period as the duration of scotophase increased from 0 to 22 h. Fertility was not constant during the life span of either male or female moths. Fertility was high throughout most of the adult life, but low (especially for the males) during the first 24 h after emergence and toward the end of its life. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 29 IS 2 BP 201 EP 208 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NL107 UT WOS:A1994NL10700006 ER PT J AU MULLEN, MA AF MULLEN, MA TI RESPONSE OF CADRA-CAUTELLA AND PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) TO PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INSECT MONITORING; INDIANMEAL MOTH; ALMOND MOTH; STORED-PRODUCTS; PHEROMONE TRAPPING; CONTROL; PYRALIDAE; POPULATION DYNAMICS; INSECT DETECTION ID INDIAN MEAL MOTH; SEX-PHEROMONE; ALMOND MOTH; (Z,E)-9,12-TETRADECADIEN-1-OL AB The effect of the presence of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), on the capture of the almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker), in pheromone-baited traps was evaluated. It was found that when both sexes of each species were released into a large warehouse simultaneously, the capture of male C. cautella was reduced to 5.5 +/- 0.8 in traps baited with a two-component lure as compared to 11.4 +/- 2.2 when only C. cautella were released. This decrease in response may have been caused by an inhibitory substance produced by the female P. interpunctella that affects the response of male C. cautella to the pheromone or confusion caused by an increase in the amount of pheromone present. This reduced response of C. cautella must be considered when using pheromone-baited traps to estimate population levels when both species are present. RP MULLEN, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31405, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 29 IS 2 BP 215 EP 221 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NL107 UT WOS:A1994NL10700008 ER PT J AU WEN, B BROWER, JH AF WEN, B BROWER, JH TI SUPPRESSION OF SITOTROGA-CEREALELLA IN SHELLED CORN BY THE PARASITOID PTEROMALUS-CEREALELLAE SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PTEROMALUS-CEREALELLAE; SITOTROGA-CEREALELLA; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; PARASITOID; STORED CORN AB The parasitoid Pteromalus cerealellae (Ashmead) was introduced at densities of one, five, or 10 pairs into 0.47-liter jars containing 500 g of corn that had been infested with one, five or 10 pairs of the Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier), adults. The abundance of S. cerealella progeny was significantly reduced by all release rates of parasitoids and at all densities of S. cerealella. As release rates increased from one to 10 pairs of P. cerealellae, the average percentage suppression increased from 85.5 to 99.2 at one pair of S. cerealella, from 77.2 to 98.0 at five pairs of S. cerealella, and from 66.9 to 95.8 at 10 pairs of S. cerealella. However, the degree of suppression was significantly influenced by both the numbers of P. cerealella released and the initial density of S. cerealella. With greater host density, more progeny of P. cerealellae were produced, but releasing more parasitoids did not significantly increase the number of P. cerealellae progeny. RP WEN, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,3401 EDWIN ST,SAVANNAH,GA 31405, USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 29 IS 2 BP 254 EP 258 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NL107 UT WOS:A1994NL10700013 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, FH AF ARTHUR, FH TI RESIDUAL EFFICACY OF CYFLUTHRIN APPLIED ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE OR PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE PLUS CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL AS PROTECTANTS OF STORED CORN SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CORN; STORAGE; CYFLUTHRIN; MAIZE WEEVIL; RED FLOUR BEETLE ID 3 MOISTURE CONTENTS; BIOLOGICAL EFFICACY; TEMPERATURES; DEGRADATION; COLEOPTERA; MAIZE; WHEAT AB Pioneer variety '3320' seed corn, treated with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 ppm cyfluthrin, each rate of cyfluthrin + 8.0 ppm piperonyl butoxide, or each rate of cyfluthrin + 8.0 ppm piperonyl butoxide + 6.0 ppm chlorpyrifosmethyl, was stored for 10 months at ambient conditions in south Georgia. Every 2 months the corn was sampled and bioassayed with maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky), and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Maize weevil survival on corn treated with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm cyfluthrin ranged from 39.5 to 76.0%, 4.0 to 29.5%, and 1.0 to 11.5%, respectively. Weevils did not survive exposure on corn treated with 2.0 ppm cyfluthrin, each rate of cyfluthrin + piperonyl butoxide, or each rate of cyfluthrin + piperonyl butoxide + chlorpyrifos-methyl. F1 progeny and dockage (ground corn flour and insect frass) in incubated bioassays were correlated with initial survival. Red flour beetle survival on com treated with cyfluthrin alone or cyfluthrin + piperonyl butoxide was variable throughout the test, although survival at any bioassay usually decreased as the rate of cyfluthrin increased. However, no F1 adults or dockage was detected in any incubated bioassay from the 12 chemical treatments. RP ARTHUR, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,3401 EDWIN ST,SAVANNAH,GA 31405, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 29 IS 2 BP 276 EP 287 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NL107 UT WOS:A1994NL10700017 ER PT J AU SKINNER, RH RADIN, JW AF SKINNER, RH RADIN, JW TI THE EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS-NUTRITION ON WATER-FLOW THROUGH THE APOPLASTIC BYPASS IN COTTON ROOTS SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE APOPLASTIC BYPASS; PHOSPHORUS NUTRITION; COTTON; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; LATERAL ROOTS ID SALINITY; ENDODERMIS; PATHWAYS; PHOSPHATE; DEFICIENT; MOVEMENT; PLANTS AB A previous study comparing hydraulic conductivity of intact roots and cortical cells of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings suggested that substantial water flow may bypass cell membranes entirely, following a completely apoplastic pathway, and also suggested that phosphorus deficiency might increase bypass flow. We used fluorescent apoplastic tracers to quantify flow through the apoplastic bypass and to assess the effect of phosphorus deficiency on bypass flow. Tracer concentration in shoot xylem sap was less than 0.25% of the concentration in the cultural solution for five different tracers. Phosphorus deficiency reduced this already low concentration even further, possibly by reducing the number of newly emerged lateral roots which can provide an alternative pathway for water entrance into the stele. No relationship existed between hydraulic conductivity and bypass flow. We concluded that the apoplastic bypass constituted only a small fraction of water movement into the stele. the contribution of the apoplastic bypass was not sufficient to explain differences in hydraulic conductivity between intact roots and cortical cells, or between plants receiving high or low phosphorus treatments. RP SKINNER, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 18 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD APR PY 1994 VL 45 IS 273 BP 423 EP 428 DI 10.1093/jxb/45.4.423 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NH078 UT WOS:A1994NH07800002 ER PT J AU THOMAS, JW AF THOMAS, JW TI FOREST ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT-ASSESSMENT TEAM - OBJECTIVES, PROCESS AND OPTIONS SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,LA GRANDE,OR. NR 4 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR PY 1994 VL 92 IS 4 BP 12 EP 19 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ND815 UT WOS:A1994ND81500008 ER PT J AU MESLOW, EC HOLTHAUSEN, RS CLEAVES, DA AF MESLOW, EC HOLTHAUSEN, RS CLEAVES, DA TI ASSESSMENT OF TERRESTRIAL SPECIES AND ECOSYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US FOREST SERV,NEW ORLEANS,LA. RP MESLOW, EC (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR PY 1994 VL 92 IS 4 BP 24 EP 27 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ND815 UT WOS:A1994ND81500010 ER PT J AU SEDELL, JR REEVES, GH BURNETT, KM AF SEDELL, JR REEVES, GH BURNETT, KM TI DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF AQUATIC CONSERVATION STRATEGIES SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP SEDELL, JR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR PY 1994 VL 92 IS 4 BP 28 EP 31 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ND815 UT WOS:A1994ND81500012 ER PT J AU CLARK, RN STANKEY, GH AF CLARK, RN STANKEY, GH TI FEMATS SOCIAL ASSESSMENT - FRAMEWORK, KEY CONCEPTS AND LESSONS LEARNED SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL FORESTRY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP CLARK, RN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,SEATTLE,WA 98105, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR PY 1994 VL 92 IS 4 BP 32 EP 35 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ND815 UT WOS:A1994ND81500015 ER PT J AU RAPHAEL, MG MARCOT, BG AF RAPHAEL, MG MARCOT, BG TI SPECIES AND ECOSYSTEM VIABILITY - KEY QUESTIONS AND ISSUES SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,PORTLAND,OR 97208. RP RAPHAEL, MG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,OLYMPIA,WA 98512, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR PY 1994 VL 92 IS 4 BP 45 EP 47 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ND815 UT WOS:A1994ND81500027 ER PT J AU LEE, RG FLAMM, R GOTTFRIED, RR NAIMAN, RJ TURNER, M WEAR, DN AF LEE, RG FLAMM, R GOTTFRIED, RR NAIMAN, RJ TURNER, M WEAR, DN TI A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 FLORIDA MARINE RES INST,ST PETERSBURG,FL. UNIV SOUTH,SEWANEE,TN 37375. UNIV WASHINGTON,CTR STREAMSIDE STUDIES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. US FOREST SERV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP LEE, RG (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. RI Naiman, Robert /K-3113-2012 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR PY 1994 VL 92 IS 4 BP 51 EP 51 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ND815 UT WOS:A1994ND81500032 ER PT J AU RIEGEL, CI LANNERHERRERA, C SLAVICEK, JM AF RIEGEL, CI LANNERHERRERA, C SLAVICEK, JM TI IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ECDYSTEROID UDP-GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE GENE OF THE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR MULTINUCLEOCAPSID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GYPSY-MOTH; EXPRESSION; GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE; TRANSLATION; TRANSCRIPTION; POLYPEPTIDE; INFECTION; CLONING; REGION AB We have located, cloned, sequenced and characterized the ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase gene (egt) gene from the baculovirus Lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus.(LdMNPV), which is specific for the gypsy moth (L. dispar). The egt gene from the related baculovirus Autographa californica multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) disrupts the hormonal balance of the host larva by galactosylating ecdysone, which prevents moulting. The location of the LdMNPV egt gene, determined by hybridization analysis using a cloned coding segment of the AcMNPV egt gene, was mapped to between 79.1 and 80.2 map units on the viral genome. This region contains an open reading frame of 1464 nucleotides capable of encoding a 55K polypeptide. This predicted protein exhibits a 42% amino acid identity with the AcMNPV egt polypeptide. Transcripts of the egt gene were analysed by Northern blot and primer extension. The egt gene is transcribed from approximately 12 to 48 h, and maximally at about 16h post-infection. Transcription occurred in the presence of aphidicolin, a viral DNA synthesis inhibitor, but not in the presence of cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor. Therefore the LdMNPV egt gene is classified as a delayed early gene. The egt gene is transcribed in a clockwise direction with respect to the circular map, and transcription initiates at a single site. Comparisons between the two baculoviral egt proteins and mammalian UDP-glucuronosyltransferases reveal areas which are conserved between the mammalian and baculoviral genes, as well as areas that are only conserved in the viral egt proteins. The LdMNPV protein sequence appears to include a signal peptide, which would allow the protein to be secreted into the haemolymph. C1 US FOREST SERV,NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPTL STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,DELAWARE,OH 43015. NR 30 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 75 BP 829 EP 838 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-75-4-829 PN 4 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA NE612 UT WOS:A1994NE61200014 PM 8151299 ER PT J AU MCGUIRE, TC OROURKE, KI BASZLER, TV LEIB, SR BRASSFIELD, AL DAVIS, WC AF MCGUIRE, TC OROURKE, KI BASZLER, TV LEIB, SR BRASSFIELD, AL DAVIS, WC TI EXPRESSION OF FUNCTIONAL PROTEASE AND SUBVIRAL PARTICLES BY VACCINIA VIRUS CONTAINING EQUINE INFECTIOUS-ANEMIA VIRUS GAG AND 5' POL GENES SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANEMIA VIRUS; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; EFFECTOR-CELLS; CORE PROTEIN; TYPE-1 GAG; AIDS VIRUS; LENTIVIRUS; PRECURSOR; SEQUENCES; HORSES AB Cells infected with vaccinia viruses expressing the equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) gag gene (VGag) or gag plus the 5' pol encoding protease (VGag/PR) were evaluated with monoclonal antibody to a p26 capsid protein linear epitope (QEISKFLTD). Both recombinant viruses expressed Gag precursor protein (55K) whereas only VGag/PR expressed a detectable Gag-Pol fusion protein (82K) with a functional protease, shown by subviral particles containing processed p26. Horses inoculated with VGag/PR produced antibodies reactive with EIAV Gag proteins. C1 USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP MCGUIRE, TC (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI24291] NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 75 BP 895 EP 900 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-75-4-895 PN 4 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA NE612 UT WOS:A1994NE61200021 PM 8151302 ER PT J AU BLAISDELL, FW AF BLAISDELL, FW TI RIPRAP CRITERIA BELOW PIPE OUTLET - DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion ID POOL ENERGY DISSIPATOR; PLUNGE RP BLAISDELL, FW (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER CONSERVAT STRUCT LAB,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD APR PY 1994 VL 120 IS 4 BP 520 EP 522 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1994)120:4(520) PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA NC383 UT WOS:A1994NC38300007 ER PT J AU CUTLIP, RC MILLER, JM RACE, RE JENNY, AL KATZ, JB LEHMKUHL, HD DEBEY, BM ROBINSON, MM AF CUTLIP, RC MILLER, JM RACE, RE JENNY, AL KATZ, JB LEHMKUHL, HD DEBEY, BM ROBINSON, MM TI INTRACEREBRAL TRANSMISSION OF SCRAPIE TO CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE; PRION PROTEIN GENE; NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS; SHEEP; STRAINS; KURU; HAMSTERS; ANIMALS; LINKAGE AB To determine if sheep scrapie agent(s) in the United States would induce a disease in cattle resembling bovine spongiform encephalopathy, 18 newborn calves were inoculated intracerebrally with a pooled suspension of brain from 9 sheep with scrapie. Half of the calves were euthanatized I year after inoculation. All. calves kept longer than 1 year became severely lethargic and demonstrated clinical signs of motor neuron dysfunction that were manifest as progressive stiffness, posterior paresis, general weakness, and permanent recumbency. The incubation period was 14-18 months, and the clinical course was 1-5 months. The brain from each calf was examined for lesions and for protease-resistant prion protein. Lesions were subtle, but a disease-specific isoform of the prion protein was present in the brain of all calves. Neither signs nor lesions were characteristic of those for bovine spongiform encephalopathy. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA. NIAID,ROCKY MT LABS,HAMILTON,MT. USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA. RP CUTLIP, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 62 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1994 VL 169 IS 4 BP 814 EP 820 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NP111 UT WOS:A1994NP11100016 PM 8133096 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, WJ REINHART, MP AF JOHNSON, WJ REINHART, MP TI LACK OF REQUIREMENT FOR STEROL CARRIER PROTEIN-2 IN THE INTRACELLULAR TRAFFICKING OF LYSOSOMAL CHOLESTEROL SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE NONSPECIFIC LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN; FIBROBLASTS; CHINESE HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; PEROXISOMES; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; ZELLWEGER SYNDROME; STEROL; INTRACELLULAR TRANSPORT; ACYL-COA, CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; ACID CHOLESTERYL ESTER HYDROLASE ID LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN; LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; OVARY CELLS DEFICIENT; RAT-LIVER; CULTURED FIBROBLASTS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; PEROXISOMES; TRANSPORT; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE AB Previous work has established that the absence of peroxisomes, as occurs in Zellweger syndrome, is accompanied by the absence of cellular sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP2). In the present study, Zellweger-syndrome fibroblasts and peroxisome-deficient CHO-ZR78 cells were used to study the role of SCP2 in the intracellular transport of low density lipoprotein (LDL)derived lysosomal cholesterol. By immunoblotting, peroxisome-deficient cells were confirmed to contain either no detectable SCP2 or far less SCP2 than corresponding normal cells. To monitor the transport of lysosomal cholesterol to the plasma membrane, we measured efflux of lysosomal cholesterol to HDL(3) or phospholipid vesicles. SCP2-deficient cells, in comparison to normal cells, demonstrated little or no impairment in this efflux, suggesting that SCP2 is not required for the efficient delivery of lysosomal cholesterol to the plasma membrane. To examine the role of SCP2 in the delivery of lysosomal cholesterol to acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), the lysosomal and whole-cell cholesterol pools were differentially labeled, and then the ACAT-mediated esterification of each pool was measured in response to an 8-h incubation with native LDL. For both cholesterol pools, esterification was stimulated by LDL, and the responses in normal and Zellweger cells were similar, demonstrating that SCP2 is required for neither the stimulation of ACAT that follows LDL uptake nor for the transport of lysosomal cholesterol to the RER. These findings suggest that some major aspects of lysosomal cholesterol trafficking in cells can occur by mechanisms not involving SCP2. C1 USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP JOHNSON, WJ (reprint author), MED COLL PENN,DEPT BIOCHEM,2900 QUEEN LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19129, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL22633] NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP 563 EP 573 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA NE368 UT WOS:A1994NE36800001 PM 8006511 ER PT J AU HAN, O FAILLA, ML HILL, AD MORRIS, ER SMITH, JC AF HAN, O FAILLA, ML HILL, AD MORRIS, ER SMITH, JC TI INOSITOL PHOSPHATES INHIBIT UPTAKE AND TRANSPORT OF IRON AND ZINC BY A HUMAN INTESTINAL-CELL LINE SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE TRACE METALS; BIOAVAILABILITY; ABSORPTION; PHYTATE; CACO-2 HUMAN CELLS ID CACO-2 CELLS; PHYTIC ACID; INVITRO ESTIMATION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ABSORPTION; PHYTATE; MODEL; COLON; CULTURE; BREAD AB To examine the influence of inositol phosphates on the uptake and absorption of Fe and Zn, Caco-2 cells were grown on either plastic (uptake studies) or porous membranes in bicameral chambers (transport/absorption studies). Caco-2, a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, was selected as the test cell because it spontaneously differentiates into polarized enterocytelike cells at confluency. Uptake of Fe (added as Fe-nitrilotriacetate complex) from a calcium-free solution by fully differentiated cells was 37 pmol/cm(2). Addition of 10-fold molar excess of individual inositol phosphates (IP3, IP4, IP5 or IP6) decreased Fe solubility by 13 to 25% and reduced Fe uptake by 50 to 65%. The rate of transport of Fe from the apical solution into the basolateral chamber [1.4 +/- 0.1 pmol/(h.cm(2))] decreased (34-96%) in proportion to the degree of phosphorylation of the inositol derivative in the apical compartment. Uptake and transepithelial transport of Zn were 246 +/- 5 pmol/cm(2) and 23 +/- 1 pmol/(h.cm(2)), respectively. The solubility, uptake and rate of transport of Zn also decreased in proportion to the degree of phosphorylation of inositol. These results demonstrate the inhibitory influence of IP3-IP6 on the uptake and transport of Fe and Zn and support the usefulness of the Caco-2 human cell line as an appropriate model for evaluating the effects of specific dietary factors on trace metal bioavailability. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT FOOD NUTR & FOOD SERV MANAGEMENT,GREENSBORO,NC 27412. USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 36 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 1994 VL 124 IS 4 BP 580 EP 587 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA NE679 UT WOS:A1994NE67900017 PM 8145081 ER PT J AU RILEY, RT HINTON, DM CHAMBERLAIN, WJ BACON, CW WANG, E MERRILL, AH VOSS, KA AF RILEY, RT HINTON, DM CHAMBERLAIN, WJ BACON, CW WANG, E MERRILL, AH VOSS, KA TI DIETARY FUMONISIN B-1 INDUCES DISRUPTION OF SPHINGOLIPID METABOLISM IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS - A NEW MECHANISM OF NEPHROTOXICITY SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE FUMONISINS; KIDNEY; RATS; FUSARIUM; SPHINGOLIPIDS ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; F-MONILIFORME; ANIMAL HEALTH; SPHINGOSINE; CORN; TOXICITY; CONTAMINATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; SPHINGANINE AB Fumonisins are potent inhibitors of sphingolipid biosynthesis produced by several Fusarium species. Consumption of corn or corn products infected with F. moniliforme, or high levels of fumonisins, is associated with several animal diseases. In a 4-wk feeding study, the concentration of fumonisin B-1 that caused nephrotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats was much less than that required to cause hepatotoxicity. This retrospective study shows a close correlation between the extent and severity of ultrastructural lesions and the degree of disruption of sphingolipid metabolism. The kidney was more sensitive to fumonisin B-1-induced disruption of sphingolipid metabolism than liver with significant elevation of free sphingosine, free sphinganine, and the free sphinganine:free sphingosine ratio in rats fed 15, 50 and 150 mu g/g fumonisin B-1. Accumulation of free sphinganine and elevation of the free sphinganine: free sphingosine ratio in urine closely reflected the changes that occurred in kidney. The accumulated sphinganine and elevation of the free sphinganine:free sphingosine ratio was associated with accumulation of cells in urine. Thus, urine rather than serum is the fluid of choice for detecting elevated free sphingoid bases generated as a consequence of fumonisin-induced kidney damage. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP RILEY, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXINS RES UNIT,PO BOX 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 36 TC 166 Z9 170 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 1994 VL 124 IS 4 BP 594 EP 603 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA NE679 UT WOS:A1994NE67900019 PM 8145083 ER PT J AU MASON, JB AF MASON, JB TI FOLATE AND COLONIC CARCINOGENESIS - SEARCHING FOR A MECHANISTIC UNDERSTANDING SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE FOLATE; COLON CANCER; CARCINOGENESIS; CANCER CHEMOPREVENTION ID PROTEIN KINASE-C; CERVICAL DYSPLASIA; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; INTERVENTION TRIAL; FRAGILE SITES; CANCER RISK; DEFICIENCY; RATS; DNA; EXPRESSION AB A growing body of epidemiologic data indicates a relationship between folate status and the risk of developing colorectal neoplasia. Diminished folate status is associated with a higher risk of neoplasia. Interestingly, this phenomenon has been observed with relatively modest alterations in folate status and may even be present when vitamin status is diminished within the range of what is conventionally accepted as normal. A controlled laboratory study in an animal model of colorectal carcinogenesis confirmed a cause and effect relationship between folate deficiency and enhanced carcinogenesis. Possible means by which this effect may occur are discussed. Preliminary studies in humans with adenomatous polyps or colorectal cancers suggest that an intermediary marker of colonic tumorigenesis may be reversed by administering pharmacologic doses of folic acid, indicating a possible chemopreventive role for this vitamin. C1 TUFTS UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT GASTROENTEROL, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. TUFTS UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT CLIN NUTR, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. RP MASON, JB (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, 711 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. NR 60 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 EI 1873-4847 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD APR PY 1994 VL 5 IS 4 BP 170 EP 175 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(94)90068-X PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA ND817 UT WOS:A1994ND81700001 ER PT J AU MURRELL, KD AF MURRELL, KD TI UNTITLED - PRESIDENTIAL-ADDRESS SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP MURRELL, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BLDG 003,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 80 IS 2 BP 173 EP 174 DI 10.2307/3283748 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA NF443 UT WOS:A1994NF44300001 ER PT J AU MURRELL, KD AF MURRELL, KD TI DR STOLLS WORMY WORLD REVISITED - THE NEGLECTED ANIMAL DISEASES SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; EPIDEMIOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS; GENETIC-CONTROL; HIGHLAND SHEEP; ASSOCIATION; PARASITES; CALVES; CATTLE; IMPACT RP MURRELL, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BLDG 003,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 87 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 80 IS 2 BP 174 EP 188 PG 15 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA NF443 UT WOS:A1994NF44300002 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP BWANGAMOI, O AF DUBEY, JP BWANGAMOI, O TI MICROBESNOITIA LEONI BWANGAMOI, 1989, FROM THE AFRICAN LION (PANTHERA LEO) REDETERMINED AS A JUNIOR SYNONYM OF HEPATOZOON CANIS (JAMES, 1905) WENYON, 1926 SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note AB Hepatozoon canis-like schizonts were found in the hearts of 2 lionesses (Panthera leo) from Kenya. The parasite, initially described as a new genus and new species Microbesnoitia leoni Bwangamoi, 1989, is determined to be a junior synonym of Hapatozoon canis(James, 1905) Wenyon, 1926. C1 UNIV ZIMBABWE,FAC SCI,DEPT PARACLIN VET STUDIES,HARARE,ZIMBABWE. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 80 IS 2 BP 333 EP 334 DI 10.2307/3283769 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA NF443 UT WOS:A1994NF44300026 PM 8158481 ER PT J AU ZARLENGA, DS LICHTENFELS, JR STRINGFELLOW, F AF ZARLENGA, DS LICHTENFELS, JR STRINGFELLOW, F TI CLONING AND SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS OF THE SMALL-SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE FROM NEMATODIRUS-BATTUS SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note ID PHYLOGENY AB The small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rRNA) from the nematode parasite, Nematodirus battus, was cloned from amplified genomic DNA using polymerase chain reaction primers complementary to the 5' and 3' ends of Haemonchus contortus small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA). The 1,758 base pair cloned fragment was sequenced in both directions using internally generated primers and aligned with those from the genus Haemonchus. Results indicated a 1.9% sequence difference between the genera with a 14.2% difference between N. battus and Caenorhabditis elegans. Data presented here in conjunction with previously published work comparing rDNA sequences within the genus Haemonchus demonstrate limited divergence in this group of genes between these subfamilies and suggest further that this molecule alone may be inappropriate for assessing phylogenetic relatedness within the superfamily Trichostrongyloidea. RP ZARLENGA, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSYSTEMAT PARASITOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 6 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 80 IS 2 BP 342 EP 344 DI 10.2307/3283773 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA NF443 UT WOS:A1994NF44300030 PM 8158485 ER PT J AU SHULMAN, RJ REDEL, CA STATHOS, TH AF SHULMAN, RJ REDEL, CA STATHOS, TH TI BOLUS VERSUS CONTINUOUS FEEDINGS STIMULATE SMALL-INTESTINAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE NEWBORN PIG SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE TUBE FEEDING; SMALL INTESTINE ID MINIATURE PIG; SMALL BOWEL; NUTRITION; ADAPTATION; RAT; GLUCOSE; INFANTS; LOAD AB Although bolus and continuous tube feedings are common, little is known about their effect on the developing small intestine. To compare their effect on small-intestinal growth and differentiation, six pairs of 3-day-old piglet littermates were randomized to receive similar volumes of sow milk replacer, either by bolus (four times daily, group B) or continuous feedings (over 24 h, group C) for 7 days. The piglets were then killed and small-intestinal length, weight, protein mass, and disaccharidase activities were determined. Small-intestinal mucosal weight and ileal protein mass were greater in group B than in group C (p = 0.0024 and 0.019, respectively). No differences were noted between groups in jejunal mucosal protein mass. Ileal maltase activity also was greater in group B than group C (p = 0.02). Although ileal lactase activity in group B was twice that in group C, the differences did not quite reach statistical significance (p = 0.11). No differences between groups were noted in ileal or jejunal sucrase activity. Our study demonstrated that bolus feedings increased mucosal mass, protein mass, and maltase activity to a greater degree than continuous feedings. These results may have clinical significance for infants receiving long-term tube feedings. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP SHULMAN, RJ (reprint author), US ARS,BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD APR PY 1994 VL 18 IS 3 BP 350 EP 354 DI 10.1097/00005176-199404000-00017 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA NH430 UT WOS:A1994NH43000019 PM 8057220 ER PT J AU BANOWETZ, GM DOSS, RP AF BANOWETZ, GM DOSS, RP TI A COMPARISON OF POLYPEPTIDES FROM TELIOSPORES OF TILLETIA-CONTROVERSA (KUHN) AND TILLETIA-TRITICI (BJERK) WINT SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID WHEAT BUNT FUNGI; CARIES; MICROSCOPY; PROTEINS AB Teliospores from 12 races of Tilletia tritici (Bjerk.) Wint. and twelve isolates of Tilletia controversa (Kuhn) were sampled from field-inoculated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) differential cultivars. Proteins were extracted from the teliospores and analysed by one dimensional electrophoresis. An abundant 116 kD polypeptide detected in extracts from teliospores of all isolates of T controversa was not detected in T tritici teliospore extracts. Spores which were mechanically disrupted yielded greater quantities of the protein compared to intact teliospores, and this suggested the polypeptide was derived from within the teliospore. The presence of the polypeptide was correlated with dwarf bunt-causing Tilletia. Isolates of dwarf bunt-causing Tilletia that were intermediate between T tritici and T. controversa in either morphology or germination characteristics contained the polypeptide while a common bunt-causing race of T tritici (T18) with intermediate characteristics lacked the protein. The 116 kD polypeptide present in all T controversa isolates may provide a stable biochemical marker for identification of these teliospores in wheat shipments. RP BANOWETZ, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD APR PY 1994 VL 140 IS 4 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1994.tb00610.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PL007 UT WOS:A1994PL00700001 ER PT J AU LIMPERT, E CLIFFORD, B DREISEITL, A JOHNSON, R MULLER, K ROELFS, A WELLINGS, C AF LIMPERT, E CLIFFORD, B DREISEITL, A JOHNSON, R MULLER, K ROELFS, A WELLINGS, C TI SYSTEMS OF DESIGNATION OF PATHOTYPES OF PLANT-PATHOGENS SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article AB To name pathotypes of plant pathogens, a variety of systems of designation has evolved, which was evaluated to find out the systems best suited. Virulence and avirulence/virulence formulae of pathotypes are by far advantageous over the use of consecutive numbers or letters given in chronological order of pathotype discovery. As soon as pathotype information surpasses a certain level of complexity, mathematical codes are most advantageous and, in particular, octal notation and coded triplets (tripletcode). To ease communication and comparisons of results, a more universal adoption of the most appropriate codes is recommended. C1 IGER WELSH PLANT BREEDING STN,DYFED SY23 3EB,WALES. CEREAL RES INST,CS-76741 KROMERIZ,CZECH REPUBLIC. JOHN INNES CTR,INST PLANT SCI RES,CAMBRIDGE LAB,NORWICH NR4 7UJ,ENGLAND. UNIV SYDNEY,INST PLANT BREEDING,CAMDEN,NSW 2570,AUSTRALIA. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP LIMPERT, E (reprint author), SWISS FED INST TECHNOL,INST PLANT SCI,CH-8092 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. NR 11 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD APR PY 1994 VL 140 IS 4 BP 359 EP 362 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1994.tb00618.x PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PL007 UT WOS:A1994PL00700009 ER PT J AU BEUSELINCK, PR MCGRAW, RL AF BEUSELINCK, PR MCGRAW, RL TI MANAGEMENT OF ANNUAL LESPEDEZA FOR SEED OR HERBAGE SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Annual lespedezas are warm-season forage legumes used for reseeding pasture, hay, or seed production. The two annual lespedeza species used most in the USA are commonly referred to as striate [Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindler] and korean [K. stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino] lespedeza. The objective of this study was to evaluate herbage removal and regrowth to determine effective managements of annual lespedeza for optimum seed or herbage production, or both. 'Marion' (K. striatal and 'Summit' (K. stipulacea) lespedezas were harvested biweekly between mid-June to mid-October in 1987 and 1988. Regrowth herbage was harvested from each plot in mid-October. Seed was threshed from regrowth herbage. Yield of herbage, regrowth herbage, and seed were compared. Summit yielded more herbage al each harvest, but Marion yielded more regrowth and seed. Harvest of herbage reduced subsequent regrowth and seed yield. Producers seeking to maximize seed yields should avoid management practices that remove herbage after mid-June as seed yields will be reduced. Producers managing their annual lespedeza as a reseeding forage crop could reduce seed yields below levels required to regenerate stands if Summit or Marion were harvested after early- or late-September, respectively. Producers intending to harvest herbage and seed can achieve this from the same production site, but yields will be significantly less than stands managed for a single purpose. RP BEUSELINCK, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 7 IS 2 BP 230 EP 232 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NT857 UT WOS:A1994NT85700008 ER PT J AU BELESKY, DP WRIGHT, RJ AF BELESKY, DP WRIGHT, RJ TI HILL-PASTURE RENOVATION USING PHOSPHATE ROCK AND STOCKING WITH SHEEP AND GOATS SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB The introduction of legumes to hill-pasture may be complicated by plant competition and soil chemical and physical limitations. The existing undesirable plant community must be modified before enhanced productivity can be realized. In many cases, soil phosphorus is limiting to legume growth. A study was conducted to determine the effect of phosphate rock, overseeding birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) and stocking with goats (Capra hircus hircus) and sheep (Ovis spp.) upon the floristic composition and productivity of hill-pasture. Treatments included: stocked only, stocking with overseeding with 0, 45, 90, or 180 lb P as phosphate rock/acre, and an untreated (not stocked or fertilized with phosphate rock) control. Treatments were replicated three times in a randomized block design on a steep (30% slope) site with a Dekalb series soil (loamy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Typic Dystrochrept). Goals and sheep were effective in controlling most tall-growing forbs and brush on abandoned hill-pasture. The presence of yellow crown-beard (Verbesina occidentalis L.), a toxic weed species, increased since neither goats nor sheep consumed the plant. Control of this weed is essential if hill-pasture improvement is to succeed. Birdsfoot trefoil alone improved dry matter production by 34% and, in combination with phosphate rock, improved production by 78% over stocked controls. Phosphate rock application increased surface strata plant-available P and the presence and dry matter yield of birdsfoot trefoil in oversown plots. Birdsfoot trefoil and phosphate rock significantly improved the productivity of hill-pasture and appear to be a viable low-input option for hill-land pasture improvement. RP BELESKY, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 7 IS 2 BP 233 EP 238 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NT857 UT WOS:A1994NT85700009 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, FH AF ARTHUR, FH TI DEGRADATION OF CYFLUTHRIN EC AND WP RESIDUES ON PAINTED STEEL - EFFECTS OF COMMERCIAL SEALANTS ON RESIDUAL PERSISTENCE SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CYFLUTHRIN; T-CASTANEUM; T-CONFUSUM; CONTROLS ID FLOUR BEETLES COLEOPTERA; TENEBRIONIDAE; FORMULATIONS; MALATHION AB Steel panels painted with white polyurethane or green latex were left unsealed or sealed with either Thompson's Water Seal or Olympic WaterGuard before treatment with cyfluthrin emulsifiable concentrate (EC) or cyfluthrin wettable powder (WP). Bioassays were conducted weekly for 10 weeks with Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) or Tribolium confusum (DuVal). Except for a few instances, neither species survived weekly bioassays of 24 h exposure on sealed or unsealed panels painted with white polyurethane and treated with cyfluthrin EC or WP. In contrast, from weeks 5-10 T. castaneum and T. confusum survival after 24 h exposure on sealed and unsealed panels painted with green latex was 40-100% and 10-83%, respectively, on panels treated with cyfluthrin EC. T. castaneum survival on unsealed panels and those sealed with Olympic WaterGuard and treated with cyfluthrin WP increased to % and 97% by week 6, while survival on panels sealed with Thompson's Water Seal was only 23%. T. confusum survival on unsealed panels and panels sealed with Olympic WaterGuard and treated with cyfluthrin WP was 87 and 90% by week 6, but survival on panels treated with Thompson's Water Seal was 0 until week 8. RP ARTHUR, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31405, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 2 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1016/0022-474X(94)90194-5 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NL339 UT WOS:A1994NL33900006 ER PT J AU THRONE, JE CUNNINGHAM, RL AF THRONE, JE CUNNINGHAM, RL TI ABILITY OF SELECTED STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS TO INFEST POLYURETHANE FOAMS CONTAINING CANARY CORN (MAIZE) DEXTRIN SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CANARY CORN (MAIZE) DEXTRIN; INSECT INFESTATION; PEST POTENTIAL; POLYURETHANE FOAM; STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS AB Polyurethane foams prepared with or without a canary corn (maize) dextrin filler were exposed to five common pests of stored products [Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)] to determine whether the dextrin affected the susceptibility of the foams to infestation by these stored-product insects. Grain diets were included as controls. No adult progeny were produced on either of the types of foam. The addition of dextrin to polyurethane foams did not make the foams susceptible to infestation by these stored-product insects. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP THRONE, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,3401 EDWIN ST,SAVANNAH,GA 31405, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 2 BP 171 EP 173 DI 10.1016/0022-474X(94)90195-3 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NL339 UT WOS:A1994NL33900007 ER PT J AU FOX, DG AF FOX, DG TI THE A-AND-WMA IN MALAYSIA - THE WORLD IS STEADILY SHRINKING SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP FOX, DG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 1994 VL 44 IS 4 BP 364 EP 364 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NK255 UT WOS:A1994NK25500001 ER PT J AU JACOB, RA AF JACOB, RA TI THE CASE FOR VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID ASCORBATE RP JACOB, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD APR PY 1994 VL 13 IS 2 BP 111 EP 112 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ND611 UT WOS:A1994ND61100001 PM 8006289 ER PT J AU FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, MD MOCK, NI MOCK, DM AF FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, MD MOCK, NI MOCK, DM TI REQUIREMENTS FOR BIOTIN ARE NOT AFFECTED BY THE COMBINATION OF COPPER DEFICIENCY AND FRUCTOSE FEEDING SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE COPPER DEFICIENCY; FRUCTOSE; STARCH; BIOTIN ID FATTY-ACID; DIETARY FRUCTOSE; RATS; ZINC AB Objective: The objective of the present study was to establish whether copper (Cu)-deficient rats fed a diet containing fructose as their sole carbohydrate source require more biotin than the recommended 2 mg/kg diet when egg-white serves as the dietary protein. Methods: Eighty weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 8 groups according to type of dietary carbohydrate (starch or fructose), level of Cu (0.6 mug Cu/g diet or 6.0 mug Cu/g diet) and level of biotin (2 mg/kg diet or 10 mg/kg diet). Results: Regardless of the level of dietary biotin, Cu-deficient rats fed a fructose-containing diet exhibited growth retardation, anemia, atrophied pancreata, enlarged hearts and similar death rates. The remaining Cu-deficient rats fed fructose were emaciated and sick regardless of dietary biotin levels. The concentration of biotin in serum and biotin content of liver of rats fed fructose were higher than corresponding values from rats fed starch. Conclusion: Cu-deficient rats fed fructose are not deficient in biotin compared to published normal values. Supplementation of 10 mg/biotin/kg diet did not improve morbidity or mortality and therefore was not beneficial. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,ARKANSAS CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72204. RP FIELDS, M (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BLDG 307,RM 330,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 36823] NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD APR PY 1994 VL 13 IS 2 BP 174 EP 178 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ND611 UT WOS:A1994ND61100012 PM 8006299 ER PT J AU MOTIL, KJ SHENG, HP MONTANDON, CM AF MOTIL, KJ SHENG, HP MONTANDON, CM TI CASE-REPORT - FAILURE-TO-THRIVE IN A BREAST-FED INFANT IS ASSOCIATED WITH MATERNAL DIETARY-PROTEIN AND ENERGY RESTRICTION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE LACTATION; BREAST-FEEDING; DIETARY PROTEIN; DIETARY ENERGY; BODY COMPOSITION; FAILURE TO THRIVE ID LACTATIONAL PERFORMANCE; BODY-COMPOSITION; MILK VOLUME; GROWTH; WOMEN; MANAGEMENT AB Objective: To determine whether failure to thrive in a breast-fed infant could be attributed to altered milk production or composition from a mother who consumed a self-imposed energy- and protein-restricted diet. Design: We evaluated the changes in growth and body composition, dietary intakes, and milk production and composition in a mother-infant pair throughout the first postpartum year. Setting: The Children's Nutrition Research Center Metabolic Research Unit. Subjects: A breast-feeding mother-infant pair. Measures of outcome: Body composition was measured by total body electrical conductance, dietary intakes by food records, milk production by the test weighing procedure, and milk composition by proximate analyses. Results: A marked decline in the infant's linear and ponderal growth rates occurred when the mother consumed an energy- (20 kcal.kg-1.d-1) and protein- (0.7 g.kg-1.d-1) restricted diet. The retardation in body weight gain was associated with an arrest of body fat, but not lean body mass, accretion. Maternal milk production showed positive relationships with maternal dietary energy (p < 0.01, r = 0.93) and protein (p < 0.05, r = 0.83) intakes. Milk composition reflected changes consistent with those of weaning rather than a sequela of the mother's diet. Conclusions: We concluded that failure to thrive in a breast-fed infant could be attributed to reduced milk production in conjunction with maternal dietary energy- and protein-restriction and that an assessment of maternal dietary intakes is essential in an evaluation of the breast-fed infant with failure to thrive. RP MOTIL, KJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015 FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1 RR-00188-25] NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD APR PY 1994 VL 13 IS 2 BP 203 EP 208 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ND611 UT WOS:A1994ND61100017 PM 8006303 ER PT J AU ISBELL, TA KLEIMAN, R AF ISBELL, TA KLEIMAN, R TI CHARACTERIZATION OF ESTOLIDES PRODUCED FROM THE ACID-CATALYZED CONDENSATION OF OLEIC-ACID SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ESTOLIDE; GC-MS; HPLC; NMR; OLEIC ACID; OLEIC HOMOPOLYMER; OLEIC OLIGOESTERS; POLYESTOLIDE ID CASTOR-OIL AB Estolides produced from an acid-catalyzed condensation of oleic acid were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), GC-mass spectrometry(MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). C-8 reverse-phase HPLC provided a clean resolution of the estolide oligomers present in the reaction mixtures, allowing an average oligomer distribution to be calculated. Corroboration of HPLC results were obtained either through hydrolysis of the estolide mixture and quantitation of the hydroxy fatty acid content by GC, through the integration of the alpha-methylene protons adjacent to the carbonyl of the acids vs. the esters in the H-1 NMR spec trum, or by titration of the carboxylic acid with standardized base. GC and GC-MS analysis of the hydrolyzed estolide mixture indicated that the ester positions were centered around the original double-bond position, with linkages ranging from positions 5-13. Likewise, the un saturation was distributed along the fatty acid backbone. RP ISBELL, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 1994 VL 71 IS 4 BP 379 EP 383 DI 10.1007/BF02540517 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NF565 UT WOS:A1994NF56500006 ER PT J AU HRON, RJ KUK, MS ABRAHAM, G WAN, PJ AF HRON, RJ KUK, MS ABRAHAM, G WAN, PJ TI ETHANOL EXTRACTION OF OIL, GOSSYPOL AND AFLATOXIN FROM COTTONSEED SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ADSORPTION; AFLATOXIN; COTTONSEED; ECONOMICS; ETHANOL; EXTRACTION; GOSSYPOL; MEMBRANE; OIL; REVERSE OSMOSIS AB Commercial processing of cottonseed requires hexane to extract and recover edible oil. Gossypol and aflatoxin are not removed from extracted meals. A bench-top extraction process with 95% (vol/vol) aqueous ethanol (EtOH) solvent has been developed that extracts all three of the above materials with a much less volatile solvent. In this process, cottonseed is pretreated and extracted with ambient 95% EtOH to remove gossypol and then extracted with hot 95% EtOH to extract oil and aflatoxin. Membranes and adsorption columns are used to purify the various extract streams, so that they can be recycled directly. A representative extracted meal contained a total gossypol content of 0.47% (a 70% reduction) and 3 ppb aflatoxin (a 95% reduction). Residual oil content was approximately 2%. Although the process is technically feasible, it is presently not economical unless a mill has a continual, serious aflatoxin contamination problem. However, if a plant cannot meet the hexane emission standards under the Clean Air Act of 1990, this process could provide a safer solvent that may expand the use and increase the value of cottonseed meal as a feed for nonruminants. RP HRON, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 28 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 1994 VL 71 IS 4 BP 417 EP 421 DI 10.1007/BF02540523 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NF565 UT WOS:A1994NF56500012 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, DP RADY, AH CASTANEDA, S AF SCHWARTZ, DP RADY, AH CASTANEDA, S TI THE FORMATION OF OXO AND HYDROXY-FATTY ACIDS IN HEATED FATS AND OILS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ALUMINA FRACTIONATION; DERIVATIZATION; 2,4-DINITROPHENYLHYDRAZONES; PYRUVIC ACID 2,6-DINITROPHENYLHYDRAZONE ESTERS ID OXOFATTY ACIDS; FRYING FATS AB A fast-food fat (mostly tallow), olive oil and safflower oil were heated in air for 4 d and periodically analyzed for oxo-fatty acids (OFA), monohydroxy-fatty acids (HFA) and polyhydroxy fatty acids (PHFA). After transmethylation, the OFA were estimated as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones, and the HFA and PHFA were quantitated as pyruvic acid 2,6-dinitrophenylhydrazone esters. At least half of the maximum concentration attained for OFA, HFA and PHFA was generated between 16-24 h of heating of each oil. Safflower oil contained greater concentrations of HFA and PHFA than either olive oil or the fast-food fat. The fast-food fat sample contained a greater concentration of OFA than did the other oils. The sum of the concentrations of OFA, HFA and PHFA at the time of maximum formation in the oils was approximately 260 mu moles/g at 48-72 h for safflower, 200 mu moles/g at 48-72 h for olive and 170 mu moles/g at 72 h for the fast-food fat. RP SCHWARTZ, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 1994 VL 71 IS 4 BP 441 EP 444 DI 10.1007/BF02540527 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NF565 UT WOS:A1994NF56500016 ER PT J AU CONKERTON, EJ CHAPITAL, DC WAN, PJ AF CONKERTON, EJ CHAPITAL, DC WAN, PJ TI MICROWAVE-HEATING OF COTTONSEED - A PILOT-PLANT STUDY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE COTTONSEED STORAGE; FREE FATTY ACIDS; MICROWAVE HEATING; MOISTURE; OIL COLOR; PILOT PLANT; PROTEIN AB Two cottonseed samples (50 kg) were exposed to microwaves at 45 KW and 2450 MHz for 4 min in an air temperature of 94 degrees C. The final temperature of the seed was 76 degrees C, and the treatment caused a 20% reduction in seed moisture. Examination of the seed immediately after microwave heating (MWH) indicated no differences in the total or soluble protein content of the meal or the content, quality or color of the oil as compared with unheated seed. There was some reduction in the quality of the oil from unheated seed during storage, but only minimal reduction in the quality of the oil from the MWH samples. Protein quality deteriorated in all samples; however, the deterioration was reduced in the microwave-heated seed. RP CONKERTON, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 1994 VL 71 IS 4 BP 461 EP 462 DI 10.1007/BF02540533 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NF565 UT WOS:A1994NF56500022 ER PT J AU SUGDEN, EA MCALLEN, RL AF SUGDEN, EA MCALLEN, RL TI OBSERVATIONS ON FORAGING, POPULATION AND NEST BIOLOGY OF THE MEXICAN HONEY WASP, BRACHYGASTRA-MELLIFICA (SAY) IN TEXAS [VESPIDAE, POLYBIINAE] SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Nests and individual behavior of Brachygastra mellifica (Say), a swarm-founding, honey storing, tropical/subtropical polybiine wasp were studied in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Sucrose syrup and water, provided in feeding dishes, were taken readily in a flight cage containing a live nest. Significant differences were observed in various foraging behavior parameters between syrup and water foragers and between food uptake and transport behaviors within these groups. Liquid food appears to be transferred routinely from foragers to nestmates on the nest surface. The latter then take provisions into the nest. Other behaviors regularly observed include guarding and water removal from the nest surface. Larval wax moths were successfully fed to wasps in the flight cage. Wasps from free-flying colonies foraged on a number of common native and exotic flower species for nectar and to collect honeydew from aphids and psyllids. Predation was observed on flower-mining larvae of the weevil Anthonomus aeneolus and on a moth, Alucitidae sp. Robber flies and spiders regularly preyed on adult B. mellifica. Nests were attacked by woodpeckers and probably small mammals that consume brood and honey-containing combs. Nest architecture is phragmocyttarous with combs of zero displacement, originating from a sessile attachment on a limb. Large nests assume a capsule form with downward extension; their lower combs appear as vertically stacked tiers supported at their edges by the envelope and centrally by inter-comb pedestals. Nest-founding swarms with several hundred individuals are capable of building 10-15 cm diameter nests in a few days. Nest placement is in the midcanopy of a tree or shrub from 1 to 9 m above ground level. Nests are sparse and difficult to find in native brush but relatively common in suburban settings where they are easily spotted in deciduous trees in winter. Gas chromatographic analysis of honey samples taken from natural nests confirm that common floral sources such as sunflower and mesquite as well as honeydew provide the material for stored honey. Most of the nectar and honeydew sources examined as B. mellifica forage are also utilized by honey bees. RP SUGDEN, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,HONE BEE UNIT,2413 E HWY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1994 VL 67 IS 2 BP 141 EP 155 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PQ495 UT WOS:A1994PQ49500001 ER PT J AU HESLER, LS LANEC, DR SUTTER, GR AF HESLER, LS LANEC, DR SUTTER, GR TI ATTRACTANCY OF VOLATILE NON-PHEROMONAL SEMICOCHEMICALS TO NORTHERN CORN-ROOTWORM BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN EASTERN SOUTH-DAKOTA SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; BARBERI COLEOPTERA; CUCURBITA; EUGENOL; WESTERN; ANALOGS AB Studies were conducted in maize fields in eastern South Dakota in 1990 and 1992 to compare the attractiveness of several volatile, non-pheromonal semiochemicals to adult northern corn rootworms (Diabrotica barberi Smith and Lawrence). In 1990, during the late stages of maize development, eugenol and cinnamyl alcohol increased the capture of males relative to unbaited traps. Captures of females were greatest on traps baited with eugenol or cinnamyl alcohol; trans-cinnamaldehyde and 4-methoxyphenethanol also increased female capture relative to unbaited traps. In 1992, sticky traps baited with eugenol or cinnamyl alcohol captured more beetles than those baited with 4-methoxyphenethanol, except during silking, when no compound significantly attracted males and the capture of females averaged less than 1 beetle/trap. 4-Methoxyphenethanol did significantly increase catch relative to unbaited traps until the late stages of maize development. These results contrast with previous evidence that 4-methoxyphenethanol is a superior attractant for D. barberi, and suggest that there may be regional differences in the relative attractiveness of volatile non-pheromonal compounds to D. barberi. C1 USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1994 VL 67 IS 2 BP 186 EP 192 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PQ495 UT WOS:A1994PQ49500005 ER PT J AU RICHARDSON, DJ DURDEN, LA SNYDER, DE AF RICHARDSON, DJ DURDEN, LA SNYDER, DE TI ECTOPARASITES OF THE RACCOON (PROCYON-LOTOR) FROM NORTH-CENTRAL ARKANSAS SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TICKS ACARI; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; WILD MAMMALS; IXODIDAE; VIRGINIA AB Nine species of ectoparasitic arthropods were collected from 27 raccoons from north-central Arkansas between November 1989 and April 1990. Collected were 5 acarine (Androlaelaps casalis, Dermacentor variabilis, Ixodes cookei, I. scapularis, I. texanus), 3 siphonapteran (Chaetopsylla lotoris, Orchopeas howardi, Pulex simulans), and a single mallphagan species (Trichodectes octomaculatus). The rodent mite, A. casalis is reported for the second time from a raccoon. The occurrences of the fleas O. howardi and C. lotoris and the louse T. octomaculatus represent new geographic distribution records. C1 GEORGIA SO UNIV, INST ARTHROPODOL & PARASITOL, STATESBORO, GA 30460 USA. USDA ARS, ANIM PARASITE RES LAB, AUBURN, AL 36831 USA. RP RICHARDSON, DJ (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA, SCH BIOL SCI, LINCOLN, NE 68588 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 EI 1937-2353 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1994 VL 67 IS 2 BP 208 EP 212 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PQ495 UT WOS:A1994PQ49500008 ER PT J AU MOELLENBECK, DJ BARRY, BD DARRAH, LL AF MOELLENBECK, DJ BARRY, BD DARRAH, LL TI EVALUATION OF XANTHAN GUM AS A REPLACEMENT FOR AGAR IN WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) ARTIFICIAL INFESTATIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Note AB Artificial infestations of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Leconte, involve suspending eggs in an agar solution. In order to overcome the disadvantages of long preparation times and inconsistent flow rates of agar solutions, xanthan gum, a colloidal hydrophilic polysaccharide secreted extracellularly by Xanthomonas bacteria, was evaluated for use as an agar replacement. Corn rootworm egg hatch was significantly reduced after eggs had been suspended in xanthan gum one day. Eggs that remained suspended for 7 or 10 days in xanthan gum did not hatch. In addition, plants infested with eggs suspended in xanthan gum had fewer live larvae and lower damage ratings than plants infested with eggs suspended in agar. The reductions in egg hatch and larval fitness show that xanthan gum would not be a suitable replacement for agar as a carrier for the artificial infestation of western corn rootworm. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,PLANT SCI UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP MOELLENBECK, DJ (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1994 VL 67 IS 2 BP 213 EP 216 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PQ495 UT WOS:A1994PQ49500009 ER PT J AU GORDON, RD AF GORDON, RD TI WEST-INDIAN COCCINELLIDAE-V (COLEOPTERA) - A REVIEW OF COCCIDULINI AND ADDITIONS TO PSOROLYMA SICARD SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The West Indian taxa of Coccidulini are reviewed, and a key to the genera is given. Two new species of Psorolyma Sicard, Psorolyma doyeni, n. sp., and Psorolyma baorucensis, n. sp., are described, a revised key to species is presented, and pertinent morphological structures are illustrated. RP GORDON, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,US NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1994 VL 102 IS 2 BP 222 EP 231 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PN699 UT WOS:A1994PN69900005 ER PT J AU GORDON, RD AF GORDON, RD TI WEST-INDIAN COCCINELLIDAE-VI (COLEOPTERA) - NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF STICHOLOTIDINI AND A CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS OF INCLUDED GENERA SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Additions to the West Indian fauna of Sticholotidini are Lenasa, n. gen.; Lenasa jayuyai, n. sp.; Neotina schwarzi, n. sp.; Neaptera doyeni, n. sp.; Neaptera cubensis, n. sp.; and Neaptera dissita, n. sp. The first records of Neaptera Gordon from Cuba and Costa Rica are reported, and a new key to all Western Hemisphere genera of Sticholotidini was constructed. A phylogeny of the West Indian Sticholotidini generic fauna is proposed. RP GORDON, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,US NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1994 VL 102 IS 2 BP 232 EP 241 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PN699 UT WOS:A1994PN69900006 ER PT J AU ELLIOTT, KJ SWANK, WT AF ELLIOTT, KJ SWANK, WT TI IMPACTS OF DROUGHT ON TREE MORTALITY AND GROWTH IN A MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COWEETA BASIN; DISTURBANCE; FOREST DYNAMICS; LIRIODENDRON-TULIPIFERA; QUERCUS; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS AB The tree and shrub species on a 16-ha watershed in the Coweeta Basin were sampled in 1984 and again in 1991 to determine the effects of drought on tree species composition and basal area growth. Mortality and radial growth were determined for tree species within three community types that represent a moisture gradient from moist to dry: cove-hardwoods > mixed-oak > oak-pine. Tree mortality from 1984 to 1991 was 20 % and 23 % in the cove-hardwoods and mixed-oak communities, respectively, compared to only 12 % in the oak-pine type. With the exception of Oxydendrum arboreum and Robinia pseudoacacia, the oaks had higher percentage mortality than any other genus; Quercus velutina had 29 %, 37 %, and 20 % mortality in the cove-hardwoods, mixed-oak, and oak-pine types, respectively; Quercus prinus had 23 % mortality in the mixed-oak type; Quercus coccinea had 36 % mortality in the mixed-oak type; and Quercus marilandica had 27 % mortality in the oak-pine type. Mortality occurred mostly in the small-size class individuals (< 10 cm in diameter) for all species, suggesting that thinning was still an important process contributing to mortality 29 yr after clearcutting. Although growth of Liriodendron tulipifera was much higher than growth of either Quercus prinus or Quercus coccinea, growth in Liriodendron was significantly reduced by the 1985-88 drought and no growth reduction was observed for these two dominant Quercus species during the same time period. RP ELLIOTT, KJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FORST EXPT STN,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,OTTO,NC 28763, USA. NR 0 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 12 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI KNIVSTA PA APELSINVAGEN 47, S 741 00 KNIVSTA, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 5 IS 2 BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.2307/3236155 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA NN714 UT WOS:A1994NN71400010 ER PT J AU KATZ, J ALSTAD, D GUSTAFSON, G EVERMANN, J AF KATZ, J ALSTAD, D GUSTAFSON, G EVERMANN, J TI DIAGNOSTIC-ANALYSIS OF THE PROLONGED BLUETONGUE VIRUS-RNA PRESENCE FOUND IN THE BLOOD OF NATURALLY INFECTED CATTLE AND EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED SHEEP SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB Bluetongue virus (BTV) RNA was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the blood of 24 naturally infected cattle as long as 160 days after the estimated date of infection. Blood samples from these animals and from 10 experimentally BTV-infected sheep, which also exhibited a prolonged hematologic BTV RNA presence, were concurrently evaluated for viral infectivity. Infectivity analyses were conducted using the sentinel sheep inoculation and embryonated chicken egg inoculation procedures. Blood specimens from the experimental sheep 50, 56, 71, and 89 days after BTV inoculation were uniformly negative for viral infectivity despite their uniformly positive status with PCR evaluation. Three collections of blood from the naturally infected cattle at least 100, 135, and 160 days after infection also revealed no recoverable viral infectivity but an initially high and progressively decreasing prevalence of BTV with the PCR technique. These retrospective epidemiologic and prospective experimental approaches were concordant in that both studies demonstrated consistent discrepancies between the viral infectivity and the PCR diagnostic data. The significance of these discrepancies is discussed with respect to Koch's postulates and with respect to the possibility that the biological vector of BTV (Culicoides variipennis) may recover BTV infectivity from PCR-positive but virus isolation-negative blood. RP KATZ, J (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DIAGNOST VIROL LAB,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD APR PY 1994 VL 6 IS 2 BP 139 EP 142 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NN804 UT WOS:A1994NN80400001 PM 8068742 ER PT J AU BROWN, CC MEYER, RF GRUBMAN, MJ AF BROWN, CC MEYER, RF GRUBMAN, MJ TI IDENTIFICATION OF AFRICAN HORSE SICKNESS VIRUS IN CELL-CULTURE USING A DIGOXIGENIN-LABELED RNA PROBE SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB A digoxigenin-labeled RNA probe was synthesized from a plasmid containing a portion of the African horse sickness virus (AHSV) serotype 4 genome segment coding for nonstructural protein 1. In an in situ hybridization procedure, this probe hybridized successfully to Vero cells infected with each of the 9 serotypes of AHSV. There was no hybridization with noninfected cell cultures or cell cultures infected with bluetongue virus. RP BROWN, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD APR PY 1994 VL 6 IS 2 BP 153 EP 155 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NN804 UT WOS:A1994NN80400004 PM 8068745 ER PT J AU GREENLEE, MT FARRAR, JA HIRD, DW HOLMES, JC AF GREENLEE, MT FARRAR, JA HIRD, DW HOLMES, JC TI COMPARISON OF PARTICLE CONCENTRATION FLUORESCENCE IMMUNOASSAY TO CARD AND COMPLEMENT-FIXATION TESTS USING ISOLATION OF BRUCELLA-ABORTUS AS THE STANDARD SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB Serologic test data and bacteriologic culture results from 816 cattle were evaluated. Brucella abortus (field strain or strain 19) was isolated from 27.3% of the cows. Results of the card test, particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay (PCFIA), and complement fixation (CF) test were compared. Antibody titers were directly associated with B. abortus isolation, with the majority (64.7%) of field strain isolations having a PCFIA value of less-than-or-equal-to 0.300 and a CF test result of at least 1+ at a 1:160 dilution. The specificity of the CF test was significantly higher than that of the PCFIA (at CF greater-than-or-equal-to 1:40 and PCFIA less-than-or-equal-to 0.300). RP GREENLEE, MT (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,CENT REG,ARLINGTON,TX 76010, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD APR PY 1994 VL 6 IS 2 BP 182 EP 187 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NN804 UT WOS:A1994NN80400008 PM 8068749 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP GOODWIN, MA RUFF, MD KWOK, OCH SHEN, SK WILKINS, GC THULLIEZ, P AF DUBEY, JP GOODWIN, MA RUFF, MD KWOK, OCH SHEN, SK WILKINS, GC THULLIEZ, P TI EXPERIMENTAL TOXOPLASMOSIS IN JAPANESE-QUAIL SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB Twenty-four 5-month-old battery-hatched Japanese quail were inoculated orally with 10(5) (ME 49 strain, group A, 6 birds), 10(3) (ME 49 strain, group B, 6 birds), 10(5) (GT-1 strain, group C, 6 birds), and 10(3) (GT-1 strain, group D, 6 birds) Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. All birds in group C died or were euthanized within 8 days after inoculation (DAI). Five of the 6 birds in group D died or were euthanized 8, 9, 15, 19, and 23 DAI. One of the 6 quail in group A died 9 DAI, and 1 of the 6 birds in group D died 16 DAI. The 11 quail (1 from group D and 10 from groups A and B) were euthanized 63 DAI; T. gondii was isolated by bioassays in m ice from the brains of 10, hearts of 10, and skeletal muscles of all 11 quail. Quail that survived marked small intestinal and splenic toxoplasmosis lived long enough to develop severe protozoal pneumonia, myocarditis, or meningoencephalitis. The quail that survived only to be examined at 63 DAI had moderate multifocal nonpurulent encephalitis and myositis and had a hypertrophic spleen that contained hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Taxoplasma gondii antibodies were found in the sera of all quail examined 63 DAI. Antibody titers to T. gondii in the modified agglutination test were higher than in the indirect hemagglutination and latex agglutination tests. Antibodies were not detected in quail sera examined by the Sabin-Feldman dye test. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD APR PY 1994 VL 6 IS 2 BP 216 EP 221 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NN804 UT WOS:A1994NN80400013 PM 8068754 ER PT J AU ROSS, PF NELSON, PE OWENS, DL RICE, LG NELSON, HA WILSON, TM AF ROSS, PF NELSON, PE OWENS, DL RICE, LG NELSON, HA WILSON, TM TI FUMONISIN B2 IN CULTURED FUSARIUM-PROLIFERATUM, M-6104, CAUSES EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Note RP ROSS, PF (reprint author), USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,VET SERV,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD APR PY 1994 VL 6 IS 2 BP 263 EP 265 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NN804 UT WOS:A1994NN80400022 PM 8068763 ER PT J AU JONES, RD MIZINGA, KM THOMPSON, FN STUEDEMANN, JA BOWEN, JM AF JONES, RD MIZINGA, KM THOMPSON, FN STUEDEMANN, JA BOWEN, JM TI BIOAVAILABILITY AND PHARMACOKINETICS OF METOCLOPRAMIDE IN CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR; OBESE; SERUM AB The bioavailability Of metoclopramide was investigated in three steers following administration of 8 mg/kg by the oral, abomasal (cannula), and intravenous routes, using a Latin square design. The mean (+/- SD) oral and abomasal bioavailabilities were 51.3 +/- 30.7% and 76.2 +/- 15.5%, respectively. The mean value for clearance (Cl) was 20.1 +/- 5.9 ml/min and the volume of distribution (V(d)) was 0.51 +/- 0.19 l/kg. Additional pharmacokinetic parameters for metoclopramide were determined following intravenous administration to seven cows. A predominate two-compartment model of distribution was found in six cows with a t1/2alpha harmonic mean of 24.2 min and a range of 11.2-72.4 min, a t1/2beta harmonic mean of 53.1 min and a range of 31.1-134.1 min, a Cl of 42.2 +/- 8.7 ml/min, and a V(d) of 2.1 +/- 0.8 1/kg. To better define the relationship between metoclopramide concentration and release of prolactin, a treatment-by-subjects infusion study was conducted in which four different loading doses followed by constant infusion were used. A steady-state metoclopramide concentration (MCP(ss)) of 8.8 +/- 2.6 ng/ml was associated with a three-fold elevation of prolactin to a mean value of 12.1 +/- 3.1 ng/ml in six yearling steers. Steady state serum prolactin concentrations (PRL(ss)) did not rise significantly above 23.3 +/- 6.9 ng/ml, even when MCP(ss) reached a concentration of 518.5 +/- 151.2 ng/ml. The short half-life, moderate V(d), low minimum pharmacologically effective concentration, and rapid Cl found for metoclopramide in cattle in this study, suggest that a continuous release device could potentially be useful in the application of this drug in the prevention and treatment of fescue toxicosis. C1 USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES LAB,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT VET PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7783 J9 J VET PHARMACOL THER JI J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. PD APR PY 1994 VL 17 IS 2 BP 141 EP 147 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1994.tb00224.x PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Veterinary Sciences SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Veterinary Sciences GA NH062 UT WOS:A1994NH06200005 PM 8040934 ER PT J AU MINAFRA, A HADIDI, A AF MINAFRA, A HADIDI, A TI SENSITIVE DETECTION OF GRAPEVINE VIRUS-A, VIRUS-B, OR LEAFROLL-ASSOCIATED-III FROM VIRULIFEROUS MEALYBUGS AND INFECTED TISSUE BY CDNA AMPLIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE GRAPEVINE VIRUS; DETECTION; PCR ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SAMPLES AB DNA primers specific for grapevine virus A (GVA), grapevine virus B (GVB) or grapevine leafroll-associated virus III (GLRaV-III) were constructed based on the nucleotide sequence of a segment of each viral genome. DNA primers were utilized for cDNA synthesis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a 430 bp fragment from extracts of GVA-infected grapevine tissue or viruliferous mealybugs and 450 bp and 340 bp DNA fragments from extracts of GVB and GLRaV-III-infected grapevine tissues, respectively. The amplified DNA fragment of each virus was identified by Southern hybridization analysis with a cRNA probe of cloned viral genome. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, immunocapture (IC)-RT-PCR and/or multiplex (M)-RT-PCR assays were developed for the detection of GVA, GVB, and/or GLRaV-III in extracts of infected grapevine leaves, dormant cuttings and/or in viruliferous mealybugs. Viral specific DNA was absent from amplified extracts of uninfected grapevine tissue or nonviruliferious mealybugs. IC-RT-PCR was easier to perform than RT-PCR for the detection of GVA from viruliferous mealybugs. M-RT-PCR was easier and faster than IC-RT-PCR for the detection of GLRaV-III from infected grapevine tissue and it allows the sensitive detection of GVB, for which a high titer antiserum is not yet available. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV BARI,DIPARTIMENTO PROTEZ PIANTE,BARI,ITALY. CNR,CTR STUDIO VIRUS & VIROSI COLTURE MEDITERRANEE,I-70126 BARI,ITALY. NR 25 TC 85 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD APR PY 1994 VL 47 IS 1-2 BP 175 EP 187 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(94)90076-0 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA NJ953 UT WOS:A1994NJ95300016 PM 8051225 ER PT J AU LINHART, SB BLOM, FS ENGEMAN, RM HILL, HL HON, T HALL, DI SHADDOCK, JH AF LINHART, SB BLOM, FS ENGEMAN, RM HILL, HL HON, T HALL, DI SHADDOCK, JH TI A FIELD-EVALUATION OF BAITS FOR DELIVERING ORAL RABIES VACCINES TO RACCOONS (PROCYON-LOTOR) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE ATTRACTANTS; BAITS; BAIT CONSUMPTION; FIELD TRIALS; ORAL VACCINE; PHYSIOLOGICAL MARKER; PROCYON LOTOR; RABIES; RACCOON ID WILD; VACCINATION AB Eight field trials were conducted in 1989 and 1990 in Georgia (USA) and Maryland (USA) to evaluate baits and baiting strategies for delivering oral rabies vaccines to raccoons (Procyon lotor). Bait packets consisting of corn meal and egg batter-based baits enclosed in plastic bags were placed at 1.0-m diameter, raked tracking stations and checked daily. Packets were well accepted by raccoons; they visited 31 to 44% of the tracking stations where they removed 69 to 90% of the packets within 4 to 5 days. All or nearly all baits were removed from plastic bags and less than 1% of the baits were found only partially eaten. No rejection of water-filled paraffin ampules in baits was observed. The use of an odor attractant on bait packets did not appear to enhance bait discovery when packets were placed on raccoon travel routes. An attractant did enhance discovery when baits were placed off-road in a simulated aerial baiting test. Nontarget species comprised 31 to 53% of all visits to the stations; they took 28 to 55% of the baits but did not appear to adversely affect bait availability for raccoons. A total of 2,300 baits, each containing a wax ampule holding 10 mg of a physiological marker (iophenoxic acid), were distributed at a rate of 82 baits/km(2) on 2,800 ha of Sapelo Island, Georgia. Thirty-five (65%) of 54 raccoons collected following bait placement had eaten one or more baits as indicated by elevated levels of iodine in the blood serum. C1 US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. GEORGIA DEPT NAT RESOURCES,DIV GAME & FISH,FITZGERALD,GA 31750. UNIV GEORGIA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,ATHENS,GA 30602. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL DIS,RABIES LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 2 BP 185 EP 194 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NF994 UT WOS:A1994NF99400008 PM 8028103 ER PT J AU HOLMAN, PJ PETRINI, K RHYAN, J WAGNER, GG AF HOLMAN, PJ PETRINI, K RHYAN, J WAGNER, GG TI IN-VITRO ISOLATION AND CULTIVATION OF A BABESIA FROM AN AMERICAN WOODLAND CARIBOU (RANGIFER TARANDUS CARIBOU) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE BABESIA SP; CARIBOU; RANGIFER TARANDUS CARIBOU; BABESIOSIS; ZOO ID DEER ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; TEXAS AB A Babesia species isolated from a captive caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) with clinical signs of babesiosis and a circulating parasitemia was cultured in vitro. Normal adult caribou erythrocytes supported the growth of the Babesia sp., as did erythrocytes from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Two basal media (M-199 and RPMI-1640) and a defined medium (HL-1) each supplemented with adult bovine serum were compared. The most favorable growth of the parasite occurred in HL-1 medium with 20% adult bovine serum. The morphology of this Babesia sp. isolate shared some characteristics with B. odocoilei and B. divergens. C1 MINNESOTA ZOOL GARDENS,APPLE VALLEY,MN 55124. USDA,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. RP HOLMAN, PJ (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 2 BP 195 EP 200 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NF994 UT WOS:A1994NF99400009 PM 7913142 ER PT J AU AVERY, ML DECKER, DG AF AVERY, ML DECKER, DG TI RESPONSES OF CAPTIVE FISH CROWS TO EGGS TREATED WITH CHEMICAL REPELLENTS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CARBACHOL; CHEMICAL REPELLENT; CORVUS-OSSIFRAGUS; EGG PREDATION; FISH CROW; METHIOCARB; METHYL ANTHRANILATE; PREDATOR MANAGEMENT ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; AVERSION; DEPREDATION; PREDATION; IBIS AB Eggs of many bird species are subject to predation by corvids. To evaluate whether predation might be reduced through food avoidance learning, we offered Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) eggs treated with various repellent chemicals to captive fish crows (Corvus ossifragus). Topically applied methyl anthranilate (100 mg/egg), alone and in combination with injected methiocarb (18 mg/egg), effectively reduced (P = 0.015) egg eating by crows. Crows that received topical methyl anthranilate alone, however, lost their avoidance response when untreated eggs were offered. Egg eating was not reduced (P > 0.05) by 18 mg/egg injections of carbachol (carbamylcholine chloride) or methiocarb, or by a combined methiocarb (18 mg/egg) and methyl anthranilate (100 mg/egg) injection. Crows exposed to eggs injected with elevated levels of carbachol (40 mg/egg) or methiocarb (30 mg/egg) ate more eggs (P = 0.046) than did crows that received topical methyl anthranilate treatments. Injected eggs might be more suitable for field use, however, because they are difficult to distinguish from untreated eggs and they are easier to prepare. The persistence displayed by some crows during their 5-day exposure to treated eggs suggests that successful application of repellent egg treatments will require an extended period of training for target predators to acquire an avoidance response. RP AVERY, ML (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,FLORIDA FIELD STN,2820 E UNIV AVE,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601, USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 1994 VL 58 IS 2 BP 261 EP 266 DI 10.2307/3809389 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA NF083 UT WOS:A1994NF08300011 ER PT J AU THIBAULT, PA ZIPPERER, WC AF THIBAULT, PA ZIPPERER, WC TI TEMPORAL CHANGES OF WETLANDS WITHIN AN URBANIZING AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article AB We used aerial photographs from 1926, 1964, and 1988 to map wetlands within a 36 km2 area adjacent to Syracuse, NY. During this 63 year period, land use shifted from an intensively managed agricultural landscape to an urban landscape. We documented temporal changes in the number, total area, mean area, and vegetation cover types of wetlands. The number of wetlands increased from 33 in 1926 to 38 in 1964 and then declined to 31 in 1988. The total area increased from 113 ha in 1926 to 312 ha in 1964 and then declined to 150 ha in 1988. Likewise, the mean area increased from 3.4 to 8.2 ha in 1964, and then declined to 4.8 ha in 1988. Of the original 33 wetlands mapped in 1926, 19 existed in 1964 and 11 existed in 1988. A comparison of the size distribution of wetlands in 1926 with that in 1988 showed an increase in the number of large wetlands (over 5 ha). Over the 63 year period, the dominant vegetation cover type shifted from forest in 1926 to scrub-shrub and emergent in 1964 to emergent and forest in 1988. The study points out the importance of multiple-sampling years for detecting temporal changes in wetlands during shifts in land use. C1 SLNY CESF,US FOREST SERV,NEFES,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. RP THIBAULT, PA (reprint author), TERR ENVIRONM SPECIALISTS,RD 1,BOX 388,PHOENIX,NY 13135, USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR PY 1994 VL 28 IS 2-3 BP 245 EP 251 DI 10.1016/0169-2046(94)90011-6 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA NL916 UT WOS:A1994NL91600011 ER PT J AU BARRETT, SJ SCHLATER, LK MONTALI, RJ SNEATH, PHA AF BARRETT, SJ SCHLATER, LK MONTALI, RJ SNEATH, PHA TI A NEW SPECIES OF NEISSERIA FROM IGUANID LIZARDS, NEISSERIA-IGUANAE SP-NOV SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A new species of the genus Neisseria is proposed, Neisseria iguanae sp. nov. The organism is associated with septic lesions in the common iguana (Iguana iguana) and the rhinoceros iguana (Cyclura cornuta) but is also a commensal. It resembles N. animalis and N. canis phenotypically but is distinguished from these by exhibiting pronounced tetrad arrangement and alpha haemolysis and by fermenting gluconate. C1 UNIV LEICESTER,DEPT MICROBIOL,LEICESTER LE1 9HN,ENGLAND. USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,VET SERV,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 18 IS 4 BP 200 EP 202 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.1994.tb00846.x PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA NF735 UT WOS:A1994NF73500007 ER PT J AU KENDRICK, B SMITH, JE NEVILLE, J WEBER, NS AF KENDRICK, B SMITH, JE NEVILLE, J WEBER, NS TI A STUDY OF MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY, CHARACTER ANALYSIS, AND TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE IN THE ZYGOMYCETOUS ANAMORPH-GENUS UMBELOPSIS SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article AB Umbelopsis nana displays great morphological variability in its reproductive structures. Although 26 of 35 known different morphologies were characterised in the present study, relatively few of these appeared to be diagnostic. This raises intriguing questions concerning the establishment of ground rules for taxonomic concepts in fungi, and for the process of identification. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP KENDRICK, B (reprint author), UNIV WATERLOO,DEPT BIOL,WATERLOO N2L 3G1,ON,CANADA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 51 BP 15 EP 26 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA NQ282 UT WOS:A1994NQ28200003 ER PT J AU VORA, RS AF VORA, RS TI INTEGRATING OLD-GROWTH FOREST INTO MANAGED LANDSCAPES - A NORTHERN GREAT-LAKES PERSPECTIVE SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Old-growth forests in the vicinity of the northern Great Lakes have been drastically reduced in area and severely fragmented; this has resulted in major alterations at the stand and landscape level. Currently, about 4% of forests in the US. Lakes States are reserved from timber harvest, thereby creating opportunities for the restoration of old growth. Management that retains and creates both large and multiple old-growth areas representing the full range of ecological diversity is needed. Ontario's Endangered Spaces program will increase the area of reserved forest from the current 6% and will include representatives of all ecological regions. The Huron-Manistee National Forest old-growth initiative is a good example of ecosystem representation incorporating a network of islands of future old growth and connecting corridors. Old-growth forests can be permanent or temporary land allocations managed using extended rotations and replacement stands. Development of old-growth characteristics in future stands may be enhanced by increasing structural and species diversity. RP VORA, RS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,318 FORESTRY RD,AURORA,MN 55705, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD APR PY 1994 VL 14 IS 2 BP 113 EP 123 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA NJ806 UT WOS:A1994NJ80600009 ER PT J AU MOLINA, R TRAPPE, JM AF MOLINA, R TRAPPE, JM TI BIOLOGY OF THE ECTOMYCORRHIZAL GENUS, RHIZOPOGON .1. HOST ASSOCIATIONS, HOST-SPECIFICITY AND PURE CULTURE SYNTHESES SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE RHIZOPOGON; PINUS CONTORTA; PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII; TSUGA HETEROPHYLLA; MYCORRHIZAS; COMPATIBILITY ID DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS; RADIATA-D-DON; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; NEW-ZEALAND; PINUS-RADIATA; HYPOGEOUS FUNGI; MYCELIAL STRANDS; WATER TRANSPORT; SUILLUS; SOIL AB Twenty nine isolates of Rhizopogon from 20 spp. differed markedly in their ability to form ectomycorrhizas with Douglas fir, western hemlock and lodgepole pine in pure-culture syntheses. Within the four sections of Rhizopogon there were similarities in ectomycorrhizal appearance and range of potential hosts. Intermediate and overlapping ectomycorrhizal characters were evident in closely related species complexes. Although the host-specificity of many species, based on field observations of sporocarps, often correlated with their host range in the syntheses, some fungi formed well-developed ectomycorrhiza on hosts with which they appear not to be associated in the field. The specificity of host associations is suggested as a major contributor to the speciation and diversification of Rhizopogon in the Pacific Northwest of the USA and Canada. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP MOLINA, R (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 119 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 22 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 126 IS 4 BP 653 EP 675 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb02961.x PG 23 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NN624 UT WOS:A1994NN62400011 ER PT J AU MASSICOTTE, HB MOLINA, R LUOMA, DL SMITH, JE AF MASSICOTTE, HB MOLINA, R LUOMA, DL SMITH, JE TI BIOLOGY OF THE ECTOMYCORRHIZAL GENUS, RHIZOPOGON .2. PATTERNS OF HOST-FUNGUS SPECIFICITY FOLLOWING SPORE INOCULATION OF DIVERSE HOSTS GROWN IN MONOCULTURE AND DUAL CULTURE SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE RHIZOPOGON; ECTOMYCORRHIZAS; SPECIFICITY; SPORE; INOCULATION ID DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS; FLUORESCEIN DIACETATE; SUILLUS-GREVILLEI; INCOMPATIBLE INTERACTIONS; EXOGENOUS CARBOHYDRATE; VEGETATIVE MYCELIUM; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; SOIL; GERMINATION; INVITRO AB Seedlings of Abies grandis, Alnus rubra, Pinus ponderosa, Picea sitchensis, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Tsuga hetevophylla were grown in monoculture and dual culture in the greenhouse and inoculated with spore slurries of 20 isolates representing 15 species of ectomycorrhizal hypogeous fungi (11 Rhizopogon species, Alpova diplophloeus, Truncocolumella citrina, Melanogaster euryspermus and Zelleromyces gilkeyae). The primary objectives were to assess and compare the pattern of host specificity between symbionts and to study the influence of neighbouring plants on ectomycorrhiza development. None of the fungal species had broad host range affinities. A variety of specificity responses were exhibited by the different fungal taxa, ranging from genus-restricted to intermediate host range. In monoculture, nine species of Rhizopogon (R. arctostaphyli, R. ellenae, R. flavofibrillosus, R. occidentalis, R. rubescens, R. smithii, R. subcaerulescens, R. truncatus and R. vulgaris) formed ectomycorrhizas on Pinus ponderosa whereas three Rhizopogon species (R. parksii, R. vinicolor and R. subcaerulescens) formed ectomycorrhizas on Pseudotsuga menziesii. Truncocolumella citrina associated with Pseudotsuga menziesii and Alpova diplophloeus with Alnus rubra. Melanogaster euryspermus and Z. gilkeyae did not form ectomycorrhizas with any hosts. None of the fungi tested developed ectomycorrhizas on Abies grandis, Tsuga heterophylla or Picea sitchensis in monoculture. In dual culture, the same nine Rhizopogon species that formed abundant ectomycorrhizas on Pinus ponderosa formed some ectomycorrhizas on secondary hosts such as Abies grandis, Tsuga heterophylla, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Picea sitchensis. Similarly, Truncocolumella citrina formed abundant ectomycorrhizas on Pseudotsuga menziesii and low levels on the secondary hosts Abies grandis, Tsuga heterophylla and Picea sitchensis. Rhizopogon parksii and R. vinicolor only formed ectomycorrhizas on Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Alpova diplophloeus only formed ectomycorrhizas on Alnus rubra. The specificity pattern obtained by using this dual-culture approach is contrasted with previous pure-culture synthesis data and is discussed in terms of potential interplant linkages and community dynamics. C1 US FOREST SERV, PACIFIC NW RES STN, FORESTRY SCI LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT FOREST SCI, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. NR 52 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 126 IS 4 BP 677 EP 690 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb02962.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NN624 UT WOS:A1994NN62400012 ER PT J AU JENSEN, CL HACHEY, DL KLEIN, PD HEIRD, WC AF JENSEN, CL HACHEY, DL KLEIN, PD HEIRD, WC TI EFFECT OF ENERGY-INTAKE (EI) ON OXIDATION OF FATTY-ACIDS (FA) BY LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT (LBW) INFANTS SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A314 EP A314 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77901863 ER PT J AU KRAMER, TR CARLSON, SE AF KRAMER, TR CARLSON, SE TI USE OF WHOLE-BLOOD (W-B) CULTURES TO MEASURE MITOGENIC RESPONSIVENESS (MR) OF LYMPHOCYTES TO PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ (PHA) IN BREAST-FED AND FORMULA-FED INFANTS SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PEDIAT,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT OBSTET GYNECOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A13 EP A13 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77900066 ER PT J AU LAU, C SCHANLER, RJ AF LAU, C SCHANLER, RJ TI DEVELOPMENT OF SUCKING BEHAVIOR IN VERY-LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS (VLBWI) SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX. GEN CLIN RES CTR CHILDREN,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A23 EP A23 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77900124 ER PT J AU MOTIL, KJ SCHULTZ, R BUTTE, NF MOON, JK GLAZE, DG AF MOTIL, KJ SCHULTZ, R BUTTE, NF MOON, JK GLAZE, DG TI TOTAL DAILY ENERGY-EXPENDITURE IS LOWER IN GIRLS WITH RETT-SYNDROME AND GROWTH FAILURE SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,CLIN RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A384 EP A384 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77902282 ER PT J AU RIFKA, MG SCHANLER, RJ AF RIFKA, MG SCHANLER, RJ TI CAN WE MEET INTRAUTERINE CALCIUM (CA) AND PHOSPHORUS (P) ACCRETION RATES BY FEEDING VERY-LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS (VLBWI) FORTIFIED HUMAN-MILK (FHM) SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX. BAYLOR COLL MED,TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,NEONATOL SECT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A319 EP A319 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77901892 ER PT J AU SHULMAN, RJ SCHANLER, RJ HEITKEMPER, MA AF SHULMAN, RJ SCHANLER, RJ HEITKEMPER, MA TI ANTENATAL GLUCOCORTICOIDS DECREASE INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY IN LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT PHYSIOL NURSING,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A255 EP A255 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77901513 ER PT J AU STATHOS, TH SHULMAN, RJ SCHANLER, RJ ABRAMS, SA AF STATHOS, TH SHULMAN, RJ SCHANLER, RJ ABRAMS, SA TI EFFECT OF CARBOHYDRATES ON CALCIUM-ABSORPTION IN LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT (LBW) INFANTS SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX. BAYLOR COLL MED,TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A321 EP A321 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77901903 ER PT J AU TENJARLA, G MOTIL, KJ KLISH, WJ ELLIS, KJ JAHOOR, F AF TENJARLA, G MOTIL, KJ KLISH, WJ ELLIS, KJ JAHOOR, F TI PROTEIN NEEDS ARE HIGHER DURING RAPID GROWTH IN INFANTS SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,CLIN RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A136 EP A136 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77900802 ER PT J AU NANDIHALLI, UB DUKE, MV ASHMORE, JW MUSCO, VA CLARK, RD DUKE, SO AF NANDIHALLI, UB DUKE, MV ASHMORE, JW MUSCO, VA CLARK, RD DUKE, SO TI ENANTIOSELECTIVITY OF PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE-INHIBITING HERBICIDES SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES; ACIFLUORFEN; IX; ACCUMULATION; INDUCTION; BINDING AB Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) was inhibited stereoselectively by three pairs of enantiomers belonging to diphenyl ether (DPE) and pyrazole phenyl ether (PPE) herbicide classes. The (R) enantiomers were 10- to 44-fold more active than the (S) enantiomers as inhibitors of Protox from barley etioplasts. Similarly, the (R) enantiomers caused green barley tissue to accumulate greater amounts of porphyrins and caused greater tissue damage than the (S) enantiomers. The (R) enantiomers competed more successfully with [C-14]acifluorfen than the (S) enantiomers for the binding sites on Protox. In the PPE class, the in-vitro and in-vivo activity differences were wider in the isopropyl pairs than in the n-propyl pairs. The DPE enantiomers were tested on ten dicotyledonous and six monocotyledonous weed species and ten crops for weed control and crop safety. In general, neither enantiomer had pre-emergence activity on monocotyledons , but the (R) enantiomer provided some monocotyledonous weed control when applied post-emergence. On dicotyledons, the (R) enantiomer provided excellent pre-emergence control, whereas the (S) enantiomer was inactive. The (R) enantiomer caused no injury to corn, cotton, peanuts, rice, sorghum, or soybeans applied pre-emergence, but it severely injured crops when applied post-emergence. There was a positive correlation between the activities of the compounds at the molecular, cellular and whole plant levels. The only molecular property differences found to account for differences in activity between members of chiral pairs were steric parameters. C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. ROHM & HAAS CO,SPRING HOUSE,PA 19477. MONSANTO CO,ST LOUIS,MO 63167. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 40 IS 4 BP 265 EP 277 DI 10.1002/ps.2780400404 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA NH167 UT WOS:A1994NH16700003 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, JM AF ROBINSON, JM TI SELECTION OF SOYBEAN PLANT-LEAVES WHICH YIELD MESOPHYLL CELL ISOLATES WITH MAXIMAL RATES OF CO2 AND NO2- PHOTOASSIMILATION SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Note DE CHLOROPLAST; CO2 PHOTOASSIMILATION; GLYCINE MAX; LEAF AGE; LEAF MESOPHYLL CELL; NITRITE PHOTOREDUCTION; NITRITE REDUCTASE; NO2-; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SOYBEAN LEAFLETS; SINK LEAVES; SOURCE LEAVES ID RAPID ISOLATION; GLYCINE-MAX; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SPINACH; TRANSLOCATION; CHLOROPLASTS; METABOLISM AB A problem often encountered when assaying mesophyll cell isolates prepared from mature soybean leaves, was that of poor reproducibility in rates of net (CO2)-C-14 photoassimilation and NO photoreduction. It was known that soybean source leaves repeatedly displayed their most active net CO2 photoassimilation in the period from attainment of maximal leaf area to approximately two to five days subsequent to that point. Advantage was taken of the fact that when soybean leaflets of each leaf reach their maximal area they also have reached their maximal leaf length from base to tip. This facilitates a more rapid determination of the point in time in which leaflet areas had reached A(max) Soybean plants (Glycine max cv. Williams) were propagated in the growth chamber with a 12 h light - 12 h dark cycle, 25 degrees C, 65% RH, and 700 microeinsteins per meter squared per second. At 24 d post-emergence, the third leaf (numbered acropetally from the unifoliates) of each plant had just attained maximum leaflet areas (approximate to 110 cm(2)) and lengths (approximate to 13 cm). For this study, leaf mesophyll cells were enzymatically isolated, using commercially prepared pectinase, from leaflet sets of leaves selected from each of the second, third, and fourth leaf positions. Maximal rates of net (CO2)-C-14 photoassimilation (with 5 mM HCO3-) for the second, third and fourth leaf(leaflet) isolates were, respectively, 27.0, 57.0, and 41.7 mu mol (CO2)-C-14 assimilated per milligram chlorophyll per hour; simultaneously maximal rates of NO2- photoreduction (1 mM NO2-) were, respectively, 4.4, 8.1, and 0.0 mu mol NO2- reduced per milligram chlorophyll per hour. These studies made it clear that in order repeatedly to attain reproducible maximal rates of leaf cell isolate net (CO2)-C-14 photoassimilation and NO2- photoreduction, it always was necessary to select the newest, fully expanded leaves (e.g. leaf number 3) for cell isolation. Leaves from several plants only were pooled if they were excised from identically the same node on each of the plants. RP ROBINSON, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BLDG 046A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 40 IS 1 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1007/BF00019050 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NP931 UT WOS:A1994NP93100011 PM 24311219 ER PT J AU QIU, J ISRAEL, DW AF QIU, J ISRAEL, DW TI CARBOHYDRATE ACCUMULATION AND UTILIZATION IN SOYBEAN PLANTS IN RESPONSE TO ALTERED PHOSPHORUS-NUTRITION SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE MAX; PHOSPHORUS NUTRITION; SINK ACTIVITY; STARCH ACCUMULATION AND UTILIZATION ID LEAF PHOSPHATE STATUS; GLYCINE-MAX L; TOTAL NITROGEN; SUGAR-BEET; LEAVES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; STARCH; EXCHANGE; GROWTH AB We conducted a study to determine whether increased starch accumulation is the cause or the result of decreased growth in phosphorus-deficient soybean plants (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv. Ransom). Nitrate-dependent plants were provided with nutrient solution containing either 0.05 or 1.00 mM phosphorus. On day 22 after transplanting the phosphorus concentration in solutions supplied to one-half of the plants that had received 0.05 mM phosphorus was increased to 1.0 mM phosphorus and the phosphorus concentration in solutions supplied to plants that had received 1.0 mM phosphorus was decreased to 0.05 mM P. The other half of plants in each treatment remained at the same external phosphorus concentration to serve as phosphorus-deficient or phosphorus-sufficient controls. Onset of phosphorus deficiency decreased (1) photosynthetic capacity through negative effects on whole plant leaf area and photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area and (2) relative growth rate and leaf elongation rate. However, continuous increases in starch concentration in all organs during onset of phosphorus deficiency indicated that decreased nonstructural carbohydrate availability was not the primary cause of decreased growth. During onset of phosphorus deficiency, significant decreases in relative growth rate (3-8-day interval) and in day and night leaf elongation rate (8 days) occurred before or at the same time as significant increases in stem, leaf and root starch concentrations. These results support the conclusion that disruption of metabolic functions associated with growth impaired utilization of available nonstructural carbohydrate in plants adjusting to phosphorus deficiency. After phosphorus-deficient plants were transferred to the sufficient external phosphorus concentration, starch concentrations in leaves and stems decreased to those of phosphorus-sufficient control plants within 3 days. These decreases in starch concentration in leaves and stems preceded measurable changes in relative growth rate (3-8-day interval), day and night leaf elongation rate (8 days) or CO2 exchange rate (8 days). Therefore, when soybean plants recover from phosphorus deficiency, starch stored in leaves and stems is ready to be utilized in the synthesis of structural biomass during the time required for activation and/or development of additional photosynthetic capacity. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,PLANT PHYSIOL PROGRAM,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP QIU, J (reprint author), AMER TOBACCO CO,DEPT RES & QUAL ASSURANCE,BOX 899,HOPEWELL,VA 23860, USA. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 10 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD APR PY 1994 VL 90 IS 4 BP 722 EP 728 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NG256 UT WOS:A1994NG25600014 ER PT J AU WOZNIAK, CA OWENS, LD AF WOZNIAK, CA OWENS, LD TI NATIVE BETA-GLUCURONIDASE ACTIVITY IN SUGAR-BEET (BETA-VULGARIS) SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE BETA VULGARIS; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; ENDOGENOUS SUGAR-BEET GLUCURONIDASE; GUSA; GUS ASSAY PROTOCOL ID GENE-FUSION MARKER; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EXPRESSION; LEAVES AB beta-Glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) activity, initially thought absent from plants, has been found in a number of plant families. During an analysis of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of sugarbeet (Bera vulgaris L.), significant glucuronidase activity was observed in control (non-transformed) tissues when the fluorogenic substrates 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronic acid, resorufin glucuronic acid and 3-carboxyum-belliferyl-beta-D-glucuronic acid were used to quantify P-glucuronidase activity under standard protocol conditions. Similarly, the colorigenic substrate p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide was hydrolyzed by this sugarbeet-derived glucuronidase. Biochemical and immunological data are presented to indicate significant differences between sugar beet-derived glucuronidase and that from Escherichia coli (EC 3.2.1.31) encoded by gusA. These differences provide means of distinguishing between the two activities in extracts that contain a mixture of both. Use of X-gluc, the substrate utilized in histochemical localizations of glucuronidase activity, gave no reaction product (i.e., indigo precipitate) at pH 7.0. However, al pH 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 formation of the indigo precipitate was evident within 1 h al 37 degrees C in sugarbeet callus and by 4 h in leaves and petioles. The specific activity of sugarbeet glucuronidase was observed to be strongly pH dependent, with an optimum near pH 4.0. The use of various beta-glucuronidase assay techniques as applied to transformation of sugarbeet is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP USDA ARS, NO CROP SCI LAB, FARGO, ND 58105 USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0031-9317 EI 1399-3054 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD APR PY 1994 VL 90 IS 4 BP 763 EP 771 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NG256 UT WOS:A1994NG25600020 ER PT J AU CARVER, TLW ZEYEN, RJ BUSHNELL, WR ROBBINS, MP AF CARVER, TLW ZEYEN, RJ BUSHNELL, WR ROBBINS, MP TI INHIBITION OF PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE AND CINNAMYL ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE INCREASES QUANTITATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BARLEY TO POWDERY MILDEW (ERYSIPHE-GRAMINIS DC) SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL RESPONSES; RESISTANCE; FLUORESCENT; HORDEI; PENETRATION; PAPILLAE; WHEAT; SITES; LEAF; OAT C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP CARVER, TLW (reprint author), AFRC,INST GRASSLAND & ENVIRONM RES,PLAS GOGERDDAN,ABERYSTWYTH SY23 3EB,DYFED,WALES. NR 18 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 44 IS 4 BP 261 EP 272 DI 10.1016/S0885-5765(05)80029-3 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NZ641 UT WOS:A1994NZ64100003 ER PT J AU CORNISH, K SILER, DJ GROSJEAN, OKK AF CORNISH, K SILER, DJ GROSJEAN, OKK TI IMMUNOINHIBITION OF RUBBER PARTICLE-BOUND CIS-PRENYL TRANSFERASES IN FICUS-ELASTICA AND PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE FICUS ELASTICA; MORACEAE; HEVEA BRASILIENSIS; EUPHORBIACEAE; PARTHENIUM ARGENTATUM; ASTERACEAE; CIS-PRENYL TRANSFERASE; CIS-1,4-POLYISOPRENE; RUBBER; RUBBER PARTICLES; RUBBER TRANSFERASE AB A cis-prenyl transferase ('rubber transferase') catalyses the polymerization of isoprene units, derived from isopentenyl diphosphate, into natural rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene). Cis-prenyl transferase activity is firmly associated with cytoplasmic rubber particles but the membrane-bound enzyme has yet to be identified. We have compared two different species, Ficus elastica and Parthenium argentatum, which produce predominantly short chain and long chain rubber, respectively. The two species have disparate rubber particle protein complements. Antigenic similarities between the rubber particle proteins may include their cis-prenyl transferases, which likely contain some structural features in common. Cis-prenyl transferase activity in F. elastica rubber particles was specifically inhibited by affinity-purified polyclonal IgG raised against a protein (LPR) purified from F. elastica rubber particles. Thus, LPR appears to contain the cis-prenyl transferase active site. Anti-LPR IgG also specifically inhibited cis-prenyl transferase activity in rubber particles from P. argentatum. Thus, an anti-LPR IgG recognized similar epitopes at or near the active site of both the F. elastica and P. argentatum cis-prenyl transferases. This is the first time that an antibody to a rubber particle protein has been shown to specifically inhibit cis-prenyl transferase activity, and could lead to the isolation of the enzyme from P. argentatum. RP CORNISH, K (reprint author), US ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1425 EP 1428 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86868-5 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA NJ757 UT WOS:A1994NJ75700009 ER PT J AU EVERSMEYER, MG KRAMER, CL AF EVERSMEYER, MG KRAMER, CL TI SURVIVAL OF PUCCINIA-RECONDITA AND P-GRAMINIS UREDINIOSPORES AS AFFECTED BY EXPOSURE TO WEATHER CONDITIONS AT ONE METER SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DISPERSAL; PRIMARY INOCULUM; TRITICUM AESTIVUM; UREDINIOSPORE GERMINATION ID WHEAT LEAF RUST; EQUATIONS; WINTER AB Viable urediniospores and dormant mycelia are the principal inoculum sources that contribute to the establishment and development of destructive wheat rust epidemics in the central Great Plains of the United States. Inoculum survival was measured by exposing urediniospores of Puccinia recondita and P. graminis to field conditions occurring at 1 m above ground level throughout two crop years. Four phases (summer, fall, winter, and spring) important in survival of urediniospores as potential inoculum in epidemic development were used in data analysis. Survival of P. recondita and P. graminis urediniospores during wheat dormancy (winter) was reduced to 10-11 and 17-21%, respectively, within 24 h. Only 2% of P. recondita and 3% of P. graminis urediniospores survived 72 h of subfreezing temperatures, and no spores germinated after 96 h. Survival of inoculum exposed in the field during wheat green-up (spring), with daily temperatures of 18 to -4 C, was measured at 10-20% after 120 h. Trace amounts of P. recondita urediniospores remained viable for 336 h and less than 1% of P. graminis urediniospores survived for up to 456 h. During the harvest period (summer), when maximum temperatures were above 30 C and minimum temperatures were above 10 C, at least 60% of urediniospores of both species survived for 120 h, and trace amounts of germination were observed for up to 456 h. During the period of wheat-stand establishment (fall), over 50% of the urediniospores exposed in the field remained viable for 120 h, with trace amounts of survival for 456 h. Survival of urediniospores exposed to below 0 C at 1 m above ground level was not significantly different at 2,300 versus 335 m above sea level. No significant differences (P = 0.05) in survival occurred among isolates of either P. recondita or P. graminis when exposed to extended subfreezing temperatures during wheat dormancy. However, differences among isolates were observed at 72 h with extended exposure to temperatures above 0 C. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DIV BIOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP EVERSMEYER, MG (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA,ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 1994 VL 84 IS 4 BP 332 EP 335 DI 10.1094/Phyto-84-332 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NJ178 UT WOS:A1994NJ17800001 ER PT J AU DOEHLERT, DC KUO, TM AF DOEHLERT, DC KUO, TM TI GENE-EXPRESSION IN DEVELOPING KERNELS OF SOME ENDOSPERM MUTANTS OF MAIZE SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CORN; STARCH; STORAGE PROTEIN; SUGARS; ZEA-MAYS L ID ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; BRITTLE-2 GENE; CDNA CLONES; PROTEIN; ZEIN; SUCROSE; CLONING; ENCODES AB A number of endosperm mutants of maize (Zea mays L.) have altered kernel composition as the result of single locus mutations. We have examined eight different mutants to determine how these mutations might affect expression of eight different genes in developing kernels. We found that the abundance of aldolase, Shrunken-2, Brittle-2, Opaque-2 and Waxy transcripts were stimulated by the mutations. The abundance of all of these transcripts, except for Shrunken-2, was correlated with the sucrose concentration in the kernel. Sucrose may modulate expression of these genes. Transcript abundance of the zein genes was lower in most of the mutants. A correlation between a-zein transcript abundance and mature kernel zein protein content suggested that zein accumulation is controlled by transcript abundance. A correlation between a-zein transcript abundance and mature kernel dry weight suggested that zein gene expression is in some way linked with carbohydrate formation. The inverse relationship between sugar concentration in immature kernels and mature kernel dry weight supports the concept that the failure of developing kernels to utilize nutrients in the biosynthesis of storage products results in the accumulation of these nutrients. The accumulation of sugars and amino acids may then contribute to the observed changes in overall gene expression. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CEREAL SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. RP DOEHLERT, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPANESE SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI KYOTO PA SHIMOTACHIURI OGAWA HIGASHI KAMIKYOKU, KYOTO 602, JAPAN SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 3 BP 411 EP 418 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA NH736 UT WOS:A1994NH73600010 ER PT J AU SAMSON, BK SINCLAIR, TR AF SAMSON, BK SINCLAIR, TR TI SOIL CORE AND MINIRHIZOTRON COMPARISON FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ROOT LENGTH DENSITY SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE MINIRHIZOTRON; ROOT-LENGTH DENSITY; SOIL CORE; ZEA MAYS ID MINI-RHIZOTRONS; GROWTH; SYSTEM AB Detailed knowledge of the distribution of roots in the soil is important in understanding the extraction of water and nutrients from soil. Various techniques have been developed to monitor root-length density under field conditions. Excavation techniques, including soil cores, have long been considered to give reliable estimates of root-length density, but these techniques are laborious in sample collection and tedious in determination of root lengths. An attractive alternative for monitoring root-length density has been the minirhizotron whereby a periscope is inserted into a clear tube permanently installed in the soil for repeated and rapid measures of root development. The objective of this study was to compare the ability of the minirhizotron technique to measure root-length density as compared to the root-core technique. As in previous studies, substantial disagreement existed between the two techniques in the top 30-cm of the soil, The results from the minirhizotron consistently indicated a much lower root population than the root-core technique in the surface layer of soil. This is especially worrisome because more than 45% of the root-length density was found in this layer with the root-core technique. At deeper soil layers, the minirhizotron data pro;ed to be no less variable than the rest-core technique making the determination of statistically significant results difficult. Finally, the relationship between the minirhizotron and soil-core results varied with time even when the observations from the soil surface layer were ignored. Attempts to directly translate minirhizotron observations into a root-length density using a correlation approach would be suspect based on the results of this experiment. RP SAMSON, BK (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,AGRON PHYSIOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 18 TC 44 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 20 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD APR PY 1994 VL 161 IS 2 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1007/BF00046393 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NY601 UT WOS:A1994NY60100008 ER PT J AU QUAIL, PH BRIGGS, WR CHORY, J HANGARTER, RP HARBERD, NP KENDRICK, RE KOORNNEEF, M PARKS, B SHARROCK, RA SCHAFER, E THOMPSON, WF WHITELAM, GC AF QUAIL, PH BRIGGS, WR CHORY, J HANGARTER, RP HARBERD, NP KENDRICK, RE KOORNNEEF, M PARKS, B SHARROCK, RA SCHAFER, E THOMPSON, WF WHITELAM, GC TI SPOTLIGHT ON PHYTOCHROME NOMENCLATURE SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Letter ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FAMILY; EXPRESSION; MUTANT; GENE C1 CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON, DEPT PLANT BIOL, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. SALK INST, PLANT BIOL LAB, SAN DIEGO, CA 92186 USA. OHIO STATE UNIV, DEPT PLANT BIOL, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. JOHN INNES CTR PLANT SCI RES, CAMBRIDGE LAB, NORWICH NR4 7UJ, NORFOLK, ENGLAND. AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN, DEPT PLANT PHYSIOL, 6703 BD WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS. AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN, DEPT GENET, 6703 HA WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS. MONTANA STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOL, BOZEMAN, MT 59717 USA. UNIV FREIBURG, INST BIOL 2, D-79104 FREIBURG, GERMANY. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT BOT, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. UNIV LEICESTER, DEPT BOT, LEICESTER LE1 7RH, ENGLAND. RP UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, USDA, CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. NR 20 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 EI 1532-298X J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD APR PY 1994 VL 6 IS 4 BP 468 EP 471 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA NF819 UT WOS:A1994NF81900003 ER PT J AU SUNG, SS SHEIH, WJ GEIGER, DR BLACK, CC AF SUNG, SS SHEIH, WJ GEIGER, DR BLACK, CC TI GROWTH, SUCROSE SYNTHASE, AND INVERTASE ACTIVITIES OF DEVELOPING PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L FRUITS SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; BUSH BEAN; BEAN SEED; C-14-IMPORT; GROWTH RATE COEFFICIENT; INVERTASE; SINK METABOLISM; SINK STRENGTH; SUCROSE METABOLISM; SUCROSE SYNTHASE ID PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; ACID INVERTASE; SEEDS; PHOTOSYNTHATE; ACCUMULATION; METABOLISM; PATHWAY; CARBON; PLANTS AB Activities of the sucrose-cleaving enzymes, acid and neutral invertase and sucrose synthase, were measured in pods and seeds of developing snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) fruits, and compared with C-14-import, elongation and dry weight accumulation. During the first 10 d post-anthesis, pods elongated rapidly with pod dry weight increase lagging behind by several days. The temporal patterns of acid invertase activity and import coincided closely during the first part of pod development, consonant with a central role for this enzyme in converting imported sucrose during pod elongation and early dry weight accumulation. Later, sucrose synthase became the predominant enzyme of dry weight accumulation and was possibly associated with the development of phloem in pod walls. Sucrose synthase activity in seeds showed two peaks, corresponding to two phases of rapid import and dry weight accumulation; hence, sucrose synthase was associated with seed sink growth. Acid invertase activities in seeds were low and did not show a noticeable relationship with import or growth. All neutral invertase activities, during pod and seed development, were too low for it to have a dominant role in sucrose cleavage. Changes in activities of certain sucrose-cleaving enzymes appear to be correlated with certain sink functions, including import, storage of reserves, and biosynthetic activities. The data supports the association of specific sucrose-cleaving enzymes with the specific processes that occur in the developing pods and seeds of snap bean fruits; for example, acid invertase with pod elongation and sucrose synthase with fruit dry matter accumulation. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BIOCHEM,LIFE SCI BLDG,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV DAYTON,DEPT BIOL,DAYTON,OH 45469. US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,INST TREE ROOT BIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 36 TC 64 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD APR PY 1994 VL 17 IS 4 BP 419 EP 426 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb00310.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ND358 UT WOS:A1994ND35800008 ER PT J AU SMART, DR CHATTERTON, NJ BUGBEE, B AF SMART, DR CHATTERTON, NJ BUGBEE, B TI THE INFLUENCE OF ELEVATED CO2 ON NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATE DISTRIBUTION AND FRUCTAN ACCUMULATION IN WHEAT CANOPIES SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; WHEAT; ELEVATED CO2; NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATE; FRUCTAN ID LOLIUM-TEMULENTUM L; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RESPIRATION; SUCROSE; LEAVES; TEMPERATURES; METABOLISM; PLANTS AB We grew 2.4 m2 wheat canopies in a large growth chamber under high photosynthetic photon flux (1000 mumol m-2 s-1) and using two CO2 concentrations, 360 and 1200 mumol mol-1. Photosynthetically active radiation (400-700 nm) was attenuated slightly faster through canopies grown in 360 mumol mol-1 than through canopies grown in 1200 mumol mol-1, even though high-CO2 canopies attained larger leaf area indices. Tissue fractions were sampled from each 5-cm layer of the canopies. Leaf tissue sampled from the tops of canopies grown in 1200 mumol mol-1 accumulated significantly more total non-structural carbohydrate, starch, fructan, sucrose, and glucose (p less-than-or-equal-to 0-05) than for canopies grown in 360 mumol mol-1. Non-structural carbohydrate did not significantly increase in the lower canopy layers of the elevated CO2 treatment. Elevated CO2 induced fructan synthesis in all leaf tissue fractions, but fructan formation was greatest in the uppermost leaf area. A moderate temperature reduction of 10-degrees-C over 5 d increased starch, fructan and glucose levels in canopies grown in 1200 mumol mol-1, but concentrations of sucrose and fructose decreased slightly or remained unchanged. Those results may correspond with the use of fructosyl-residues and release of glucose when sucrose is consumed in fructan synthesis. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP SMART, DR (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANTS SOILS & BIOMETEOROL,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. RI bugbee, bruce/I-5008-2012 NR 26 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD APR PY 1994 VL 17 IS 4 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb00312.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ND358 UT WOS:A1994ND35800010 PM 11537974 ER PT J AU EMERSHAD, RL RAMMING, DW AF EMERSHAD, RL RAMMING, DW TI EFFECTS OF MEDIA ON EMBRYO ENLARGEMENT, GERMINATION AND PLANT DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY-RIPENING GENOTYPES OF PRUNUS GROWN IN-VITRO SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE BREEDING; EMBRYO CULTURE; NECTARINE; PEACH; PLUM; TISSUE CULTURE ID MULTIPLICATION; CULTURE; PEACH AB Embryo culture of 5-10 mm long embryos of Prunus was investigated. The effects of various media on embryo enlargement, germination and plant formation were compared. Results show that embryos in all genotypes enlarged during stratification on any tested medium. Beneficial embryo enlargement, germination and plant development of peach and nectarine occurred when cultured on WP medium. The embryos of a plum were more responsive to C(2)d medium for enlargement, germination and plant development. All genotypes germinated well with a large number of embryos growing into plants on WP and C(2)d media. RP EMERSHAD, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD APR PY 1994 VL 37 IS 1 BP 55 EP 59 DI 10.1007/BF00048117 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA NY599 UT WOS:A1994NY59900008 ER PT J AU PARISH, CL STAHLY, EA WILLIAMS, MW AF PARISH, CL STAHLY, EA WILLIAMS, MW TI EFFECT OF AN ETHYLENE INHIBITOR, AMINOETHOXYVINYLGLYCINE, ON THE DEAD SPUR DISORDER OF SPUR TYPE RED-DELICIOUS APPLE SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Dead spur, a disorder of Delicious apple trees, is characterized by weak, dying, and dead fruit spurs on limbs 3 yr old and older. An autumn application of an endogenous ethylene inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), as a foliar spray or as an injection into the trunk caused remission of dead spur symptoms. Most fruit spurs on treated trees regained productiveness compared to controls. Repeat application helped to maintain spur viability. RP PARISH, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1994 VL 78 IS 4 BP 347 EP 349 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NE489 UT WOS:A1994NE48900005 ER PT J AU KAISER, WJ HANNAN, RM ROGERS, JD AF KAISER, WJ HANNAN, RM ROGERS, JD TI FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH AND SPORULATION OF ASCOCHYTA-FABAE F-SP LENTIS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Isolates of Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis from seed of lentil (Lens culinaris) collected from different countries varied greatly in growth, sporulation, colony appearance, and morphology. Optimum conidial production occurred on 5% lentil seedmeal agar and natural potato-dextrose agar (PDA), whereas optimum linear growth occurred on natural PDA or oatmeal agar. Optimum temperatures for linear growth and sporulation were 15-20 C and 15-25 C, respectively. Isolates did not sporulate at 30 C. In continuous light, sporulation of all isolates was three to 10 times greater than in darkness, but linear growth in continuous light was greater in only two of three isolates. Zonation (alternation of zones of mycelial and pycnidial production) did not occur in continuous light or continuous dark but was pronounced when some isolates were exposed to alternating light and dark. Conidia usually had one to three septa, but frequency distributions for septation number differed greatly among 13 isolates. The proportion of conidia with one septum ranged from 67 to 95%. Conidia with multiple septa were longer but not wider than conidia with one septum. Conidia with the same number of septa varied little in size, but multiseptate conidia were significantly longer than those with one septum. Conidiogenous cells, which were morphologically simple, lined the pycnidial cavity and proliferated percurrently. Conidia can originate and secede at the same level as, or at a higher or lower level than, the previous conidium. The pathogenicity of 24 isolates of A. f. lentis from 17 countries was tested on two commercial lentil cultivars. All isolates were pathogenic, producing necrotic lesions on leaves, petioles, and stems of inoculated plants. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP KAISER, WJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WESTERN REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1994 VL 78 IS 4 BP 374 EP 379 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NE489 UT WOS:A1994NE48900013 ER PT J AU ALI, I ROELFS, AP HUERTAESPINO, J AF ALI, I ROELFS, AP HUERTAESPINO, J TI INHERITANCE OF LEAF RUST RESISTANCE IN WHEAT CULTIVARS MOROCCO AND LITTLE CLUB SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PUCCINIA-RECONDITA; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; LINKAGE; TRITICI; GENES AB Wheat cultivars Morocco and Little Club were considered to lack resistance genes to the leaf rust pathogen, Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici, until several hundred cultures avirulent to one or both were obtained in a worldwide survey conducted by the Cereal Rust Laboratory, St. Paul, Minnesota. These cultures were obtained from many countries and were most commonly isolated from durum wheat. Two of these cultures are 89BGR4136-3, avirulent to Morocco, and 87ETH4090-4, virulent to some durum cultivars but avirulent to all but a few bread wheat cultivars. Progeny of a cross of two bread wheat cultivars Morocco/Little Club generally reported as susceptible to wheat leaf rust were evaluated. Morocco possesses a recessive resistance gene (LrMo) to the former isolate, whereas Little Club has a dominant resistance gene (LrLC) to the latter isolate. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1994 VL 78 IS 4 BP 383 EP 384 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NE489 UT WOS:A1994NE48900015 ER PT J AU BRITTON, KO PEPPER, WD LOFTIS, DL CHELLEMI, DO AF BRITTON, KO PEPPER, WD LOFTIS, DL CHELLEMI, DO TI EFFECT OF TIMBER HARVEST PRACTICES ON POPULATIONS OF CORNUS-FLORIDA AND SEVERITY OF DOGWOOD ANTHRACNOSE IN WESTERN NORTH-CAROLINA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SHADE PLANTS; INDEX; MORPHOGENESIS; QUALITY; GROWTH; SUN AB Stand composition and severity of dogwood anthracnose, caused by Discula destructiva, were measured on 39 plots located at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in western North Carolina. The 0.08-ha plots were selected along transects across watersheds previously clearcut, partially harvested, or not harvested. Basal diameter, percent leaf area with dogwood anthracnose symptoms, and percent branch dieback were estimated for Cornus florida. Dogwood anthracnose was most severe on partially harvested watersheds and least severe on the clearcut watershed. Density of C. florida was greatest on the clearcut watershed, and the number of dogwood stems was inversely correlated (r = -0.31, P = 0.05) with disease severity. Dogwood basal area, species importance value, and stand basal area were not significantly affected by harvest treatment and were not correlated with disease severity. In a second study, anthracnose severity was rated in 21 plots of yellow poplar near Asheville, North Carolina, that had been thinned to varying densities in the early 1960s. Among these 0.1-ha plots, thinning intensity did not affect disease severity. Disease severity was inversely related to dogwood size. C1 BENT CREEK EXPTL FOREST,ASHEVILLE,NC 28806. N FLORIDA RES & EDUC CTR,QUINCY,FL 32351. RP BRITTON, KO (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,320 GREEN ST,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1994 VL 78 IS 4 BP 398 EP 402 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NE489 UT WOS:A1994NE48900019 ER PT J AU EZZAHIRI, B DIOURI, S ROELFS, AP AF EZZAHIRI, B DIOURI, S ROELFS, AP TI PATHOGENICITY OF PUCCINIA-RECONDITA F-SP TRITICI IN MOROCCO DURING 1985, 1988, 1990, AND 1992 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; VIRULENCE AB Surveys of pathogenic races of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici in Morocco in 1985, 1988, 1990, and 1992 indicated the presence of 12 unified numeration (UN) races. Virulence frequencies were high to Lr1, 2a, 3, 10, 16, and 17 and low to Lr3ka, 9, 24, and 26. The virulence frequency to Lr2a declined in 1990 and 1992. Isolates from durum wheats were generally less virulent than those from bread wheats to the designated Lr genes in a bread wheat background. The virulence diversity levels were higher in 1990 and 1992 than in 1985 and 1988. The populations with the highest phenotypic diversity were obtained from durum wheat cultivars and the susceptible bread wheat cultivar Siete Cerros. Durum wheat is often grown in marginal areas where the alternate host Anchusa italica occurs, while Siete Cerros is grown under irrigation in the south. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP EZZAHIRI, B (reprint author), INST AGRON & VET HASSAN,DEPT PHYTOPATHOL,RABAT,MOROCCO. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1994 VL 78 IS 4 BP 407 EP 410 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NE489 UT WOS:A1994NE48900021 ER PT J AU COMSTOCK, JC MILLER, JD FARR, DF AF COMSTOCK, JC MILLER, JD FARR, DF TI 1ST REPORT OF DRY TOP ROT OF SUGARCANE IN FLORIDA - SYMPTOMATOLOGY, CULTIVAR REACTIONS, AND EFFECT ON STALK WATER-FLOW RATE SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Dry top rot, caused in sugarcane by Ligniera vasculorum (Matz) Cook, was detected at the USDA-ARS Sugarcane Field Station, Canal Point, Florida, on 13 November 1991 in CP 88-Series clones. This is the first report of the disease in Florida; previous reports of the disease were in the 1920s and 1930s in Puerto Rico. It also has been reported in Barbados, Cuba, and Venezuela. Overall symptoms include initial drying of the spindle leaf tips, subsequent drying of the upper leaves, reduced growth of the top internodes of the stalk, gradual shrinking and drying of stalks, and finally stalk death. Masses of orange-brown spores, 17-25 mum diameter, were present in the xylem cells of the vascular bundles of the basal internodes. Water flow in symptomatic stalks was restricted. The disease incidence of cultivars was variable. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP COMSTOCK, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 1994 VL 78 IS 4 BP 428 EP 431 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NE489 UT WOS:A1994NE48900026 ER PT J AU SHORT, TW PORST, M PALMER, J FERNBACH, E BRIGGS, WR AF SHORT, TW PORST, M PALMER, J FERNBACH, E BRIGGS, WR TI BLUE-LIGHT INDUCES PHOSPHORYLATION AT SERYL RESIDUES ON A PEA (PISUM-SATIVUM L) PLASMA-MEMBRANE PROTEIN SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; MULTIPLE METALS; PLANTS; PROGRAMS; LIGANDS; INVITRO AB We have partially characterized the blue-light-stimulated in vitro phosphorylation of a membrane protein from etiolated Pisum sativum L. stems. Properties of the response have implicated its involvement in signal transduction of phototropic stimuli (T.W. Short, W.R. Briggs [1990] Plant Physiol 92: 179-185; P. Reymond, T.W. Short, W.R. Briggs [1992] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 4718-4721). Analysis of proteolysis products and phosphoamino acid analysis indicate that the substrate protein is phosphorylated on multiple seryl residues. Kinetics of the in vitro reaction show phosphorylation to be complete within 2 to 5 min at 30 degrees C in either light-exposed or dark-control plasma membrane preparations, regardless of whether the membranes were first solubilized in Triton X-100. Nucleotide competition assays show the kinase to be ATP specific. The pH optimum covers a broad range with a maximum near 7.5. A wide array of salts inhibits the phosphorylation at high concentrations, but millimolar concentrations of Mg2+ are required to form Mg.ATP complexes for maximal activity, whereas excess free Mg2+ Or Ca2+ are not required for the reaction. C1 CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, USDA, CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. UNIV ERLANGEN NURNBERG, DEPT PHARMACOL, W-8520 ERLANGEN, GERMANY. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1317 EP 1324 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NF615 UT WOS:A1994NF61500028 ER PT J AU MUTHALIF, MM ROWLAND, LJ AF MUTHALIF, MM ROWLAND, LJ TI IDENTIFICATION OF DEHYDRIN-LIKE PROTEINS RESPONSIVE TO CHILLING IN FLORAL BUDS OF BLUEBERRY (VACCINIUM, SECTION CYANOCOCCUS) SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLD-ACCLIMATION; FREEZING TOLERANCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; SAMBUCUS-NIGRA; WOODY-PLANTS; BARK; EXPRESSION; STORAGE; WHEAT AB The level of three major polypeptides of 65, 60, and 14 kD increased in response to chilling unit accumulation in floral buds of a woody perennial, blueberry (Vaccinium, section Cyanococcus). The level of the polypeptides increased most dramatically within 300 h of chilling and decreased to the prechilling level with the initiation of budbreak. Cold-hardiness levels were assessed for dormant buds of Vaccinium corymbosum and Vaccinium ashei after different chilling treatments until the resumption of growth. These levels coincided with the level of the chilling-responsive polypeptides. Like some other previously described cold-induced proteins in annual plants, the level of the chilling-induced polypeptides also increased in leaves in response to cold treatment; the chilling-induced polypeptides were heat stable, resisting aggregation after incubation at 95 degrees C for 15 min. By fractionating bud proteins first by isoelectric point (pi) and then by molecular mass, the pi values of the 65- and 60-kD polypeptides were found to be 7.5 to 8.0 and the pi value of the 14-kD polypeptide was judged to be 8.5. Purification of the 65- and 60-kD polypeptides, followed by digestion with endoproteinase Lys-C and sequencing of selected fragments, revealed similarities in amino acid composition between the 65- and 60-kD polypeptides and dehydrins. Indeed, antiserum to the lysine-rich consensus sequence EKKGIMDKIKEKLPG of dehydrin proteins cross-reacted to all three of the major chilling-responsive polypeptides of blueberry, identifying these as dehydrins or dehydrin-like proteins. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT,COLL PK,MD 20742. NR 45 TC 88 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 104 IS 4 BP 1439 EP 1447 DI 10.1104/pp.104.4.1439 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NF615 UT WOS:A1994NF61500042 PM 8016270 ER PT J AU KAISER, WM HUBER, S AF KAISER, WM HUBER, S TI MODULATION OF NITRATE REDUCTASE IN-VIVO AND IN-VITRO - EFFECTS OF PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASE INHIBITORS, FREE MG2+ AND 5'-AMP SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE AMP; CATION (DIVALENT); NITRATE REDUCTASE; PISUM; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE; SPINACIA ID LIGHT-DARK MODULATION; RAPID MODULATION; SPINACH; PHOSPHORYLATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Nitrate reductase in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves was rapidly inactivated in the dark and reactivated by light, whereas in pea (Pisum sativum L., roots, hyperoxic conditions caused inactivation, and anoxia caused reactivation. Reactivation in vivo, both in leaves and roots, was prohibited by high concentrations (1030 muM) of the serine/threonine-protein phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid or calyculin, consistent with the notion that protein dephosphorylation catalyzed by type-1 or type-2A phosphatases was the mechanism for the reactivation of NADH-nitrate reductase (NR). Following inactivation of leaf NR in vivo, spontaneous reactivation in vitro (in desalted extracts) was slow, but was drastically accelerated by removal of Mg2+ with excess ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), or by desalting in a buffer devoid of Mg2+. Subsequent addition of either Mg2+, Mn2+ or Ca2+ inhibited the activation of NR in vitro. Reactivation of NR (at pH 7.5) in vitro in the presence of Mg2+ was also accelerated by millimolar concentrations of AMP or other nucleoside monophosphates. The EDTA-mediated reactivation in desalted crude extracts was completely prevented by protein-phosphatase inhibitors whereas the AMP-mediated reaction was largely unaffected by these toxins. The Mg2+-response profile of the AMP-accelerated reactivation suggested that okadaic acid, calyculin and microcystin-LR were rather ineffective inhibitors in the presence of divalent cations. However, with partially purified enzyme preparations (5-15% polyethyleneglycol fraction) the AMP-mediated reactivation was also inhibited (65-80%) by microcystin-LR. Thus, the dephosphorylation (activation) of NR in vitro is inhibited by divalent cations, and protein phosphatases of the PPI or PP2A type are involved in both the EDTA and AMP-stimulated reactions. Evidence was also obtained that divalent cations may regulate NR-protein phosphatase activity in vivo. When spinach leaf slices were incubated in Mg2+-and Ca2+-free buffer solutions in the dark, extracted NR was inactive. After addition of the Ca2+/Mg2+-ionophore A 23187 plus EDTA to the leaf slices, NR was activated in the dark. It was again inactivated upon addition of divalent cations (Mg2+ or Ca2+). It is tentatively suggested that Mg2+ fulfills several roles in the regulatory system of NR: it is required for active NR-protein kinase, it inactivates the protein phosphatase and is, at the same time, necessary to keep phospho-NR in the inactive state. The EDTA- and AMP-mediated reactivation of NR in vitro had different pH optima, suggesting that two different protein phosphatases may be involved At pH 6.5, the activation of NR was relatively slow and the addition or removal of Mg2+ had no effect. However, 5'-AMP was a potent activator of the reaction with an apparent K(m) of 0.5 mM. There was also considerable specificity for 5'-AMP relative to 3'- or 2'-AMP or other nucleoside monophoposphates. We conclude that, depending upon conditions, the signals triggering NR modulation in vivo could be either metabolic (e.g. 5'-AMP) or physical (e.g. cytosolic [Mg2+]) in nature. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP KAISER, WM (reprint author), UNIV WURZBURG,JULIUS VON SACHS INST BIOWISSENSCH,MITTLERER DALLENBERGWEG 64,D-97082 WURZBURG,GERMANY. NR 17 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD APR PY 1994 VL 193 IS 3 BP 358 EP 364 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ND353 UT WOS:A1994ND35300007 ER PT J AU SANADI, AR CAULFIELD, DF ROWELL, RM AF SANADI, AR CAULFIELD, DF ROWELL, RM TI ADDITIVES - REINFORCING POLYPROPYLENE WITH NATURAL FIBERS SO PLASTICS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP SANADI, AR (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. RI Sanadi, Anand/C-4420-2015 OI Sanadi, Anand/0000-0002-6382-9225 NR 2 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06804-0403 SN 0091-9578 J9 PLAST ENG JI Plast. Eng. PD APR PY 1994 VL 50 IS 4 BP 27 EP 28 PG 2 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA NG096 UT WOS:A1994NG09600005 ER PT J AU BACON, LD WITTER, RL AF BACON, LD WITTER, RL TI B-HAPLOTYPE INFLUENCE ON THE RELATIVE EFFICACY OF MAREKS-DISEASE VACCINES IN COMMERCIAL CHICKENS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE B-HAPLOTYPE; MAREKS DISEASE; B-CONGENIC LINES; MAREKS DISEASE VACCINE; IMMUNITY ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATABILITY COMPLEX; RESISTANCE; VIRUSES; LYMPHOMA; BROILERS AB The objectives were to investigate whether or not B haplotypes influence vaccinal immunity against Marek's disease (MD) in commercial chickens and to evaluate whether retrospective analysis would detect the influence. This method involved evaluating the B haplotypes of turkey herpesvirus (HVT)-vaccinated sick vs normal chickens from a flock afflicted with MD symptoms. An analysis of the retrospective data disclosed that MD symptoms were present in a higher proportion of B2B19 than B2B21 chickens. A prospective study was then conducted with blood-typed chickens of the strain vaccinated with HVT or HVT+301B bivalent MD vaccines prior to inoculation of the very virulent Md5 virus. The bivalent vaccine provided better protection than HVT alone, but with either vaccine fewer B2B21 chickens developed MD lesions. We conclude that the B haplotype influence on vaccinal immunity against MD previously demonstrated in B-congenic strains of chickens is also significant in commercial chickens and that the influence can be detected through analysis of B haplotypes in sick vs normal chickens of an affected flock. RP BACON, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 26 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 73 IS 4 BP 481 EP 487 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NC398 UT WOS:A1994NC39800001 PM 8202426 ER PT J AU SMITH, EJ FADLY, AM AF SMITH, EJ FADLY, AM TI MALE-MEDIATED VENEREAL TRANSMISSION OF ENDOGENOUS AVIAN-LEUKOSIS VIRUS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INFECTION; RECOMBINANT GENES; ANTIBODIES; AVIAN LEUKOSIS VIRUS; SEMEN ID CONGENITAL TRANSMISSION; VIRAL GENES; CHICKENS; ERADICATION; INFECTION; EV21 AB Congenital transmission of avian leukosis viruses (ALV) occurs readily through the egg, but transmission of ALV through male seminal fluid is considered to be nonexistent or rare. Progeny from mating endogenous late-feathering (LF), K/k+ males carrying an endogenous virus gene (ev21) with virgin early-feathering (EF) k+/w females were examined for the presence of infectious endogenous virus EV21 using an enzyme-labeled immunoassay for viral capsid antigen p27. All 177 LF chicks expressed EV21, p27, and 171 of 175 EF chicks did not express p27. Blood from the four p27-positive EF chicks revealed only infectious Subgroup E ALV as determined by subgroup-specific virus assays. Southern blot DNA hybridizations, however, ruled out germline integration of EV21 among the four infected EF progeny. Virus EV21 was not shed in albumens of the dams. Moreover, antibodies against ALV Subgroups A and E were not detected in dams 17 wk after the first insemination. Chicks infected with EV21 were found only in the first two of six hatches. Data suggested direct infection of the embryos from viremic semen rather than congenital infection through infected hens. Direct male transmission of EV21 to progeny may be the basis for persistence of refractory lines noted in some ALV eradication programs. Based on the absence of recombinants among 352 progeny, ev21 and K appear to be less than .3 cM apart. RP SMITH, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 73 IS 4 BP 488 EP 494 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NC398 UT WOS:A1994NC39800002 PM 8202427 ER PT J AU CHENG, HH CRITTENDEN, LB AF CHENG, HH CRITTENDEN, LB TI MICROSATELLITE MARKERS FOR GENETIC-MAPPING IN THE CHICKEN SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MICROSATELLITES; GENETIC MARKERS; GENOME MAPPING; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID ID SEQUENCES; POLYMORPHISMS; GENOMES; MAP AB Microsatellite markers have been found to be abundant, evenly distributed, and highly polymorphic in a number of eukaryotic genomes. The objective of this study was to determine the utility of (TG)n microsatellites in the chicken. A chicken library enriched for (TG)n repeats was generated and 42 unique clones containing (TG)n microsatellites were identified and sequenced. The number of uninterrupted TG repeats ranged from 4 to 14 with an average of 7.8, which was considerably less than the number of repeats found in mammalian species. When primers designed to amplify across the (TG)n microsatellites were used in polymerase chain reactions (PCR) containing genomic chicken DNA, 19 of the 33 primer sets examined yielded polymorphisms in at least one of the three sets of chicken families: 15, 11, and 11 primer sets detected polymorphisms in the East Lansing (EL) reference population, the Compton (C) reference family, and between Line 6(3) and Line 7(2) chickens, respectively. The polymorphic microsatellite markers in the EL and C reference families were genetically mapped. Nine and seven mapped markers in the EL and C reference families, respectively, are polymorphic between Line 6(3) and Line 7(2), indicating that microsatellite markers will greatly enhance the ability to genotype specific loci of any chicken population. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP CHENG, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 16 TC 67 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 73 IS 4 BP 539 EP 546 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NC398 UT WOS:A1994NC39800008 PM 8202433 ER PT J AU SUNIGA, RG OSCAR, TP AF SUNIGA, RG OSCAR, TP TI TRIIODOTHYRONINE ATTENUATES SOMATOSTATIN INHIBITION OF BROILER ADIPOCYTE LIPOLYSIS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ADIPOCYTE; LIPOLYSIS; TRIIODOTHYRONINE; GLUCAGON; SOMATOSTATIN ID FAT-CELLS; HYPERTHYROIDISM; RECEPTORS; BINDING; RAT AB A study with broiler adipocytes in culture was undertaken to determine whether triiodothyronine (T3) potentiates lipolysis by increasing glucagon binding, by attenuating inhibition of lipolysis, or both. Fat cells isolated from abdominal fat were preincubated with T3 for .5 to 24 h before removal of T3 by washing and measurement of lipolysis. Preincubation of adipocytes with T3 enhanced (P < .05) basal as well as glucagon-stimulated lipolysis in a dose-response and time-dependent manner. Enhancement of lipolysis was maximal in the presence of 15 to 150 nM T3. Potentiation of lipolysis by 150 nM T3 was evident at 4 and 24 h but not at .5 h of pretreatment. Overall, T3 enhancement of lipolysis stimulated by submaximal doses of glucagon was similar in magnitude to enhancement of lipolysis stimulated by a maximal dose of glucagon but was greater (P < .05) than its enhancement of basal lipolysis. Pretreatment of adipocytes with T3 did not alter (P >.05) binding of I-125-glucagon to cell-surface receptors. When fat cells were preincubated with 150 nM T3 for 24 h, the ability of somatostatin to inhibit basal and glucagon-stimulated lipolysis was reduced (P < .05). Thus, prolonged exposure of adipocytes to T3 did not increase lipolytic sensitivity to glucagon or binding of glucagon to cell-surface receptors. However, T3-treated adipocytes exhibited enhanced basal lipolysis, enhanced lipolytic responsiveness to glucagon, and attenuated inhibition of lipolysis by somatostatin. RP SUNIGA, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,POULTRY RES LAB,RD 6,BOX 600,GEORGETOWN,DE 19947, USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 73 IS 4 BP 564 EP 570 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NC398 UT WOS:A1994NC39800011 PM 7911237 ER PT J AU DICKENS, JA LYON, BG WHITTEMORE, AD LYON, CE AF DICKENS, JA LYON, BG WHITTEMORE, AD LYON, CE TI THE EFFECT OF AN ACETIC-ACID DIP ON CARCASS APPEARANCE, MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY, AND COOKED BREAST MEAT TEXTURE AND FLAVOR SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ACETIC ACID; POULTRY; MICROBIOLOGY; COOKING METHODS; SENSORY ANALYSIS ID BROILER CARCASSES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; LACTIC-ACID; SALMONELLAE; TENDERNESS AB In Experiment 1, broiler carcasses were subjected to a 10-min prechill treatment with and without a food grade vinegar at a concentration of .6% acetic acid. After treatment the carcasses were monitored for visual appearance and microbiological quality. Color change and skin appearance were subjectively monitored. Microbiological quality was determined using the low volume whole carcass rinse. Shear values of cooked muscle were determined using a Warner-Bratzler attachment to an Instron. In a second experiment using the same treatment protocol, treated carcasses were chilled in an ice slush for 30 min and held overnight at 2 C. The breast muscles were removed and cooked by two methods. Triangle tests to determine sensory differences due to acetic acid were conducted. The skin color of treated carcasses turned a light yellow, and the feather follicles were protruded or puckered. Total aerobic counts were not affected by any of the treatments, but Enterobacteriaceae (ENT) counts of treated carcasses were significantly lower than the counts for the water control carcasses. Log10 ENT counts ranged from 4.51 for the control to 3.80 for the carcasses treated with acetic acid. Based on sensory triangle tests using a trained panel, there were no significant differences in the samples from either cooking method. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,PLANT STRUCT & COMPOSIT RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP DICKENS, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,S ATLANTIC AREA,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUAL RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 73 IS 4 BP 576 EP 581 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NC398 UT WOS:A1994NC39800013 PM 8202437 ER PT J AU DICKENS, JA WHITTEMORE, AD AF DICKENS, JA WHITTEMORE, AD TI THE EFFECT OF ACETIC-ACID AND AIR INJECTION ON APPEARANCE, MOISTURE PICK-UP, MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY, AND SALMONELLA INCIDENCE ON PROCESSED POULTRY CARCASSES SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ACETIC ACID; POULTRY; TEXTURE; MICROBIOLOGY; SALMONELLA ID BROILER CARCASSES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; LACTIC-ACID; EFFICACY AB Broiler carcasses were subjected to a 10-min prechill treatment with and without air injection and glacial acetic acid at concentrations of .3 and .6%. Some of the carcasses were inoculated with approximately 800 cells of a nalidixic acid-resistant strain of Salmonella typhimurium 1 min prior to treatment. After treatment, the carcasses were monitored for their visual appearance, moisture pick-up, and microbiological quality. Appearance was subjectively monitored for color change and resulting skin texture. Microbiological quality was determined using the low volume whole carcass rinse, and moisture pick-up was determined by weight differences. The skin color of treated carcasses was light yellow and the feather follicles were protruded or puckered. Moisture pick-up was significantly reduced by the acid treatments. Total aerobes were not affected by any of the treatments, but Enterobacteriaceae (ENT) counts of treated carcasses were significantly lower than the counts for the water control carcasses. Log10 ENT counts ranged from 5.52 for the control to 4.48 for the air injection, and to a low of 2.93 for the air injection with .6% acetic acid. Salmonella incidence of inoculated carcasses was significantly reduced by the treatments. Using .6% acetic acid with air injection resulted in the greatest reduction in Salmonella incidence 8% positive. RP DICKENS, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,S ATLANTIC AREA,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUAL RES,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 73 IS 4 BP 582 EP 586 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA NC398 UT WOS:A1994NC39800014 PM 8202438 ER PT J AU WOODLEY, NE AF WOODLEY, NE TI A NEW SPECIES OF XYLOPHAGUS-MEIGEN FROM MEXICO, WITH A CRITIQUE OF WEBB (1979) PHYLOGENY OF THE GENUS (DIPTERA, XYLOPHAGIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE DIPTERA; XYLOPHAGIDAE; NEW SPECIES; MEXICO; PHYLOGENY AB Xylophagus durango, new species, is described from Durango, Mexico, the first report of the genus from south of the United States. Webb's (1979) phylogenetic treatment of Xylophagus is evaluated. RP WOODLEY, NE (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 1994 VL 96 IS 2 BP 308 EP 313 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NL977 UT WOS:A1994NL97700012 ER PT J AU DEREWENDA, U SWENSON, L GREEN, R WEI, Y YAMAGUCHI, S JOERGER, R HAAS, MJ DEREWENDA, ZS AF DEREWENDA, U SWENSON, L GREEN, R WEI, Y YAMAGUCHI, S JOERGER, R HAAS, MJ DEREWENDA, ZS TI CURRENT PROGRESS IN CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF NEW LIPASES FROM FILAMENTOUS FUNGI SO PROTEIN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE CRYSTALLIZATION; ESTERASE; LIPASE; PROTEIN CRYSTALLOGRAPHY ID INTERFACIAL ACTIVATION; PANCREATIC LIPASE; TRIAD FORMS; COMPLEX AB Lipases from filamentous fungi have been studied extensively over many years. They exhibit properties attractive for industrial applications, e.g. in laundry detergents, tanning and paper industries and stereospecific organic synthesis. Enzymes from the fungi Rhizomucor miehei and Geotrichum candidum have been among the first neutral lipases to be characterized structurally by X-ray diffraction methods. In this paper we report a preliminary account of crystallographic studies of three other fungal lipases homologous to that from R.miehei and obtained from Humicola lanuginosa, Penicillium camembertii and Rhizopus delemar. These newly characterized structures have important implications for our understanding of structure-function relationships in lipases in general and the molecular basis of interfacial activation. C1 UNIV ALBERTA,DEPT BIOCHEM,MRC,PROT STRUCT & FUNCT GRP,EDMONTON T6G 2H7,AB,CANADA. AMANO PHARMACEUT CO LTD,TSUKUBA RES LAB,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI,JAPAN. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 32 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0269-2139 J9 PROTEIN ENG JI Protein Eng. PD APR PY 1994 VL 7 IS 4 BP 551 EP 557 DI 10.1093/protein/7.4.551 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA NE640 UT WOS:A1994NE64000014 PM 8029211 ER PT J AU WIERSEMA, JH HELLQUIST, CB AF WIERSEMA, JH HELLQUIST, CB TI NOMENCLATURAL NOTES IN NYMPHAEACEAE FOR THE NORTH-AMERICAN FLORA SO RHODORA LA English DT Article DE NUPHAR; NYMPHAEA; WATER-LILIES; COW-LILIES; SPATTERDOCK AB In conjunction with a study of the Nymphaeaceae in North America, the taxonomy and nomenclature of three taxa is reviewed. Two new combinations are provided at subspecific rank for two taxa sometimes treated as species, one for Nymphaea tuberosa Paine and one for Nuphar rubrodisca Morong, and both are lectotypified. A neotype is selected for Nymphaea adrena Aiton which serves to maintain usage of Aiton's epithet for a widespread taxon of Nuphar. RP WIERSEMA, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BLDG 011A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB INC PI LAWRENCE PA P.O. BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0035-4902 J9 RHODORA JI Rhodora PD APR PY 1994 VL 96 IS 886 BP 170 EP 178 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA QA805 UT WOS:A1994QA80500002 ER PT J AU HARRIS, MM SAFFORD, LO AF HARRIS, MM SAFFORD, LO TI EFFECTS OF MICROWAVE DRYING ON EXCHANGEABLE CATIONS IN FOREST SOILS SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Brief drying times for soil samples are sometimes necessary, e.g., to halt microbial activity quickly or to estimate the fresh weight of soil needed to provide a particular dry weight for incubation or other experiments. Soil samples ranging from high to low organic content can be dried successfully in microwave ovens within a few minutes, thus achieving the same theta values as when measured by conventional drying techniques. In this study we compared the effects of air, conventional, and microwave drying on soil chemical properties. Samples of 20 forest soil horizons from New Hampshire were air-dried, dried in a forced draft laboratory oven, or dried in a rotary microwave oven. Levels of exchangeable Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+ and pH of dried soils were compared with values for field moist controls. There were no significant differences between mean values determined for levels of the exchangeable cations or pH for field moist or any of the drying methods. Nor were cation values obtained from samples dried in the microwave oven significantly different from those obtained by drying in a conventional laboratory oven. RP HARRIS, MM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 157 IS 4 BP 232 EP 237 DI 10.1097/00010694-199404000-00005 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA NG547 UT WOS:A1994NG54700005 ER PT J AU SMITH, CMM HARNLY, JM AF SMITH, CMM HARNLY, JM TI SENSITIVITIES AND DETECTION LIMITS FOR GRAPHITE-FURNACE ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY USING A CONTINUUM SOURCE AND LINEAR PHOTODIODE-ARRAY DETECTION SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID HOLLOW-CATHODE; NOISE RATIOS; LAMPS; PROFILE; SIGNAL AB Analytical figures of merit have been examined for a series of elements (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn, and Zn) using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) with a continuum source and a linear photodiode array detector. Intrinsic masses, mi were calculated for continuum source AAS based on wavelength and time integrated absorbance in units of pm-s. A simple triangular model, based on experimental values for the hollow cathode lamp linewidths and calculated widths for the absorption profiles, was used to compute mi values from tabulated characteristic mass values for conventional AAS. With the exception of As and Se, the mi values for continuum source and conventional AAS agreed within a factor of two. Continuum source detection limits obtained were similar to those reported for line source GFAAS. Two standard reference materials were analyzed and values for the elements studied were found to be in good agreement with the certified values. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NCL,BLDG 161,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD APR PY 1994 VL 49 IS 4 BP 387 EP 398 DI 10.1016/0584-8547(94)80032-4 PG 12 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA NM412 UT WOS:A1994NM41200007 ER PT J AU PATIL, DR FANTA, GF AF PATIL, DR FANTA, GF TI SYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING OF GRAFT-COPOLYMERS FROM CORNSTARCH AND METHYL ACRYLATE - PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article ID STARCH; FILMS AB Starch-g-poly(methyl acrylate) (S-g-PMA), containing 40-65% PMA, was prepared with ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) initiation in a 2-gallon reactor. CAN initiator was added either in one portion or portionwise. Graft copolymers were characterized with respect to % acetone-extractable polymer (largely PMA homopolymer), PMA content of the graft copolymer, and M(w) of PMA grafts. Normal cornstarch as well as waxy and high amylose cornstarches were used in the grafting reaction. Conversions of monomer to polymer were nearly quantitative. Continuous plastic ribbons for tensile testing were prepared by extrusion processing. Tensile properties varied with the method used for CAN addition (i. e., single portion vs. portionwise) and depended upon the particular starch variety used in the graft polymerization reaction. Since water acts as a plasticizer for starch, samples extruded at high moisture content exhibit higher % elongation (%E) values than the same polymers extruded at low moisture. Values for %E also increase with higher percentages of PMA in the graft copolymer. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP PATIL, DR (reprint author), AGR UTILIZAT RES INST,CROOKSTON,MN 56716, USA. NR 11 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD APR PY 1994 VL 46 IS 4 BP 142 EP 146 DI 10.1002/star.19940460405 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA NK720 UT WOS:A1994NK72000004 ER PT J AU JEFFRIES, TW KLUNGNESS, JH SYKES, MS RUTLEDGECROPSEY, KR AF JEFFRIES, TW KLUNGNESS, JH SYKES, MS RUTLEDGECROPSEY, KR TI COMPARISON OF ENZYME ENHANCED WITH CONVENTIONAL DEINKING OF XEROGRAPHIC AND LASER PRINTED PAPER SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CELLULASE; DEINKING; ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY; ENZYMES; FLOTATION; LASERS; RECLAIMED FIBERS; RECYCLING; TONERS; WASTE PAPERS; XEROCOPY PAPERS; XYLANASE ID PRODUCT QUALITY; INDUSTRY; IMPROVE AB This study examines seven commercial enzymes with cellulase activity, xylanase activity, or a combination of both applied to paper stock in the pulper at optimum conditions for each enzyme. Results of deinking efficiency showed that most enzyme preparations performed better than the conventional chemical method. Pilot results agreed with laboratory experiments for two enzymes. Dewatering and dispersion steps and subsequent reflotation and washing may therefore not be essential. Their elimination could save capital costs and reduce electrical energy consumption. RP JEFFRIES, TW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, FOREST PROD LAB, 1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 17 TC 73 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU TECH ASSOC PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD APR PY 1994 VL 77 IS 4 BP 173 EP 179 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA NE797 UT WOS:A1994NE79700024 ER PT J AU ANDREWS, BAK TRASKMORRELL, BJ PAKARINEN, DR AF ANDREWS, BAK TRASKMORRELL, BJ PAKARINEN, DR TI FORMALDEHYDE RELEASE IN DYNAMIC CHAMBER TESTING OF COTTON FABRICS FINISHED FOR DURABLE PRESS SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE DMDHEU; DURABLE PRESS; DYNAMIC TESTING; FINISHING; FORMALDEHYDE RELEASE; TEST METHODS AB Federal regulatory agencies have applied increasing pressure to lower and possibly ban formaldehyde emissions from textiles. For this reason the textile industry has shown interest in formaldehyde levels in air released from fabrics treated for durable press with N-methylol agents. A dynamic method for measuring formaldehyde in air, developed at the Southern Regional Research Center, was used to assess the influence of agent type, agent modification, catalyst type and addition of scavengers. Emissions from selected commercial fabrics are discussed. Comparisons with results from static testing are presented. RP ANDREWS, BAK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD APR PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 13 EP 16 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA NH563 UT WOS:A1994NH56300001 ER PT J AU RATH, D JOHNSON, LA WELCH, GR NIEMANN, H AF RATH, D JOHNSON, LA WELCH, GR NIEMANN, H TI SUCCESSFUL GAMETE INTRAFALLOPIAN TRANSFER (GIFT) IN THE PORCINE SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OOCYTES; GAMETE INTRAFALLOPIAN TRANSFER; X+Y SPERM; PORCINE ID POLYSPERMIC FERTILIZATION; PIG OVIDUCT; INVITRO; SPERMATOZOA; ISTHMUS; NUMBER; SPERM; EGGS AB Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) was successfully established in the pig. In Experiment 1 (6 replicates) 234 oocytes (39 +/- 5.5 per recipient) plus spermatozoa (4000 to 8000 per oocyte) were transferred bilaterally into the oviducts of synchronized gilts, and embryos were recovered 48 h thereafter. The recovery rate was 50.4% and 50% of the recovered oocytes were fertilized. A total of 55 embryos was cultured in vitro in NCSU-medium for 48 h and 63.6% developed to morula or blastocyst stages. In Experiment 2 (5 replicates) 220 oocytes (44 +/- 4.9 per recipient) plus spermatozoa (4000 per oocyte) were transferred to 5 recipients which were allowed to go to term. Three gilts delivered 16 (n = 3, 5, 8) piglets. In Experiment 3 (5 replicates) 183 oocytes (36.6 +/- 1.2 per recipient) plus flow cytometry gender sorted spermatozoa (4000 per oocyte) were transferred to 5 recipients. The recovery rate was 47.8%, and 27.6% of the oocytes were fertilized. From all cleaved oocytes 45.8% developed to expanded blastocysts, with the number of blastomeres varying from 20 to 85 (38.3 +/- 22.5). These results indicate that the GIFT procedure can be used successfully in pigs, and can be a valuable tool for the study of gamete interaction as well as in the continued development of biotechnological procedures such as sex pre-determination. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,GERM PLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP RATH, D (reprint author), MARIENSEE FAL,INST TIERZUCHT & TIERVERHALTEN,NEUSTADT,GERMANY. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD APR PY 1994 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1173 EP 1179 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(05)80039-1 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA ND844 UT WOS:A1994ND84400018 PM 16727469 ER PT J AU HAMMOND, AC OLSON, TA AF HAMMOND, AC OLSON, TA TI RECTAL TEMPERATURE AND GRAZING TIME IN SELECTED BEEF-CATTLE BREEDS UNDER TROPICAL SUMMER CONDITIONS IN SUBTROPICAL FLORIDA SO TROPICAL AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE ADAPTATION; CATTLE BREEDS; GRAZING BEHAVIOR; HEAT TOLERANCE; SUBTROPICS ID GROWTH-RATE; COAT COLOR; COWS; ENVIRONMENT; BEHAVIOR AB Rectal temperature, an index of heat tolerance, was investigated in Senepol, Brahman, Angus, and Hereford cows and heifers, and Senepol, Hereford, and Senepol-Hereford crossbred (S x H and H x S) calves under tropical summer conditions in subtropical central Florida. Grazing activity in Senepol and Hereford cows also was investigated. Rectal temperatures was affected (P < 0.01) by breed in cows, heifers, and calves with Angus and Hereford generally displaying higher rectal temperatures than Senepol and Brahman. Hereford calves that were clipped to simulate a short hair coat had rectal temperatures intermediate between Hereford calves with long hair and Senepol calves with short hair. Crossbred Senepol x Hereford calves had a short hair coat similar to pure-bred Senepol and had rectal temperatures lower (P < 0.01) than Hereford calves and usually not different from Senepol calves. Mean daily grazing time within breeds was similar between years but was longer (P < 0.05) for Senepol cows (10.5-10.7 h) than for Hereford cows (9.3 h). Results suggest a higher degree of heat tolerance in Senepol cattle relative to temperature breeds, represented by Angus and Hereford in this study. Furthermore, this heat tolerance may have been responsible for the difference in average daily grazing time observed between Hereford and Senepol cows because rectal temperature was negatively associated with grazing time. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,DEPT ANIM SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP HAMMOND, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34601, USA. NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU TROPICAL AGRICULTURE PI TRINIDAD PA UNIV WEST INDIES FAC OF AGRICULTURE ST AUGUSTINE, TRINIDAD, WEST INDIES SN 0041-3216 J9 TROP AGR JI Trop. Agric. PD APR PY 1994 VL 71 IS 2 BP 128 EP 134 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA QT275 UT WOS:A1994QT27500010 ER PT J AU MAY, DM LEDOUX, CB TANSEY, JB WIDMANN, R AF MAY, DM LEDOUX, CB TANSEY, JB WIDMANN, R TI IMPACT OF IN-WOODS PRODUCT MERCHANDISING ON PROFITABLE LOGGING OPPORTUNITIES IN SOUTHERN UPLAND HARDWOOD FORESTS SO USDA FOREST SERVICE SOUTHERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article AB Procedures developed to assess available timber supplies from upland hardwood forest statistics reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) units, were modified to demonstrate the impact of three in-woods product-merchandizing options on profitable logging opportunities in upland hardwood forests in 14 Southern States. Product-merchandizing options ranged from harvesting a single, lower valued product to harvesting multiple, higher valued products. Under the specific assumptions and conditions of the demonstration, two-fifths of the South's reported upland hardwood forest, containing about three-fifths of the reported inventory, was estimated to be profitable to log. Multiproduct harvesting was generally shown to increase profitable logging opportunities and profit margins. However, in specific situations defined by product prices, market locations, and stand characteristics, merchandizing options harvesting fewer and lower valued products were shown to be most profitable, demonstrating that multiproduct harvesting cannot always be assumed to be an optimal merchandizing alternative. RP MAY, DM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU USDA FOR SERV SO FOR EXP STA PI NEW ORLEANS PA 701 LOYOLA AVE ROOM T-10210, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70113 SN 0502-5265 J9 USDA FOR SERV SO RES JI USDA For. Serv. South. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PD APR PY 1994 IS 282 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA NU901 UT WOS:A1994NU90100001 ER PT J AU MATTHEWS, KR JAYARAO, BM GUIDRY, AJ ERBE, EF WERGIN, WP OLIVER, SP AF MATTHEWS, KR JAYARAO, BM GUIDRY, AJ ERBE, EF WERGIN, WP OLIVER, SP TI ENCAPSULATION OF STREPTOCOCCUS-UBERIS - INFLUENCE OF STORAGE AND CULTURAL CONDITIONS SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE STREPTOCOCCUS UBERIS; COW; ENCAPSULATION; STORAGE; CULTURING ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; BOVINE-MILK; EXPRESSION; MASTITIS; GROWTH AB Streptococcus uberis (n = 100) isolated from bovine mammary secretions were assessed by India ink for expression of capsule. Organisms were evaluated under four conditions; (I) after primary culture on blood agar, (2) following 5 passages on blood agar, (3) after 5 passages in Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB), and (4) after storage in 10% skim milk. Strains from primary culture (44 of 100) were positive for an unstained halo (capsule) by the India ink method. Number of strains expressing capsule decreased greatly after passage and following storage. Freeze-etching followed by electron microscopy confirmed results of India ink preparations. Strains were also cultured in various media to determine influence of medium components on capsule expression. Todd-Hewitt medium supplemented with either serum or egg yolk enhanced the size of capsule expressed. Results of this study may aid researchers investigating the pathogenicity of S. uberis. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,INST AGR,DEPT ANIM SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. USDA INST,ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MATTHEWS, KR (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,USDA,ARS,DEPT ANIM SCI,109 MCCORD HALL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 39 IS 3-4 BP 361 EP 367 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(94)90171-6 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA NJ241 UT WOS:A1994NJ24100015 PM 7518989 ER PT J AU TSUBOYAMA, Y SIDLE, RC NOGUCHI, S HOSODA, I AF TSUBOYAMA, Y SIDLE, RC NOGUCHI, S HOSODA, I TI FLOW AND SOLUTE TRANSPORT THROUGH THE SOIL MATRIX AND MACROPORES OF A HILLSLOPE SEGMENT SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLING SUBSURFACE TRANSPORT; TRANSFER-FUNCTION MODEL; STORM EVENTS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; FORESTED HILLSLOPE; UPPER SUBCATCHMENT; WATER-FLOW; MORPHOLOGY; SIMULATION; GENERATION AB Subsurface flow from various portions of a soil profile on a steep, forested hillslope was evaluated by two sets of step-change miscible displacement tests at different application rates and antecedent hydrologic conditions. Solutions of NaCl (1000 mg L-1 Cl-) were applied at steady state rates (equivalent to 20 and 30 mm h-1 of standing water over the entire plot area) using a line irrigation source located 1.5 m upslope (lateral distance) from an excavated soil pit. Subsurface flow and tracer breakthrough from five portions (the organic-rich soil layer including macropores, the mineral soil matrix, and three groups of macropores in the mineral soil layer) of the soil profile were individually measured and analyzed using a convective-dispersive model. Matrix flow dominated discharge from the soil pit during tracer tests (70-93% of total discharge). However, during wet periods with upslope drainage, macropores (including organic-rich soil) contributed proportionally more flow than during periods when upslope drainage was minimal. Outflow from macropores during the test with wet antecedent conditions had lower Cl- concentrations than drainage from the soil matrix, suggesting dilution in macropores from upslope drainage. Effective pore volumes calculated for the flow-averaged breakthrough data from the entire profile were much less (< 40%) than the estimates (measured by tensiometers) of total volume of pore water, suggesting that preferential flow significantly contributed to subsurface transport of tracer. The pore volume for the entire profile increased only slightly with increasing application rate; however, the relative proportions of pore volumes calculated for individual portions varied proportionally to antecedent hydrologic conditions. These changes are attributed to the expansion of individual macropores with surrounding soil and the lateral extension of macropore networks during wetter conditions. C1 USDA,FOREST SERV INTERMT RES STN,LOGAN,UT 84321. RP TSUBOYAMA, Y (reprint author), TSUKUBA NORIN KENKYU DANCHI NAI,FORESTRY & FOREST PROD RES INST,POB 16,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. NR 51 TC 127 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 4 BP 879 EP 890 DI 10.1029/93WR03245 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NE300 UT WOS:A1994NE30000003 ER PT J AU LUCE, CH CUNDY, TW AF LUCE, CH CUNDY, TW TI PARAMETER-IDENTIFICATION FOR A RUNOFF MODEL FOR FOREST ROADS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INFILTRATION AB Rainfall simulation is a commonly used approach for studying runoff and erosion from forest roads, and a method is needed to estimate infiltration parameters from these experiments. We used two algorithms, the Simplex and Shuffled Complex Evolution, to estimate parameters for a physically based infiltration and overland flow model. Each algorithm was tested by estimating parameters for 92 field-measured hydrographs from forest roads. Nine of the field-measured hydrographs allowed us to further test whether estimated parameters could be extended to other antecedent conditions and plot sizes. The results demonstrate (1) the physically based model is able to estimate hydrographs from forest roads, (2) the two algorithms find unique parameter sets in spite of an error surface that suggests identifiability problems between the hydraulic conductivity and pressure parameters, (3) the two algorithms converged to the same parameter values, and (4) that parameters estimated for one antecedent condition and plot size can be extended to others with reasonably small error. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP LUCE, CH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,1221 S MAIN,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662 NR 20 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1057 EP 1069 DI 10.1029/93WR03348 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NE300 UT WOS:A1994NE30000019 ER PT J AU SIMUNEK, J SUAREZ, DL AF SIMUNEK, J SUAREZ, DL TI 2-DIMENSIONAL TRANSPORT MODEL FOR VARIABLY SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA WITH MAJOR ION CHEMISTRY SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT; CARBON-DIOXIDE TRANSPORT; MASS-TRANSPORT; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; EQUILIBRIUM CHEMISTRY; CALCITE PRECIPITATION; NATURAL-WATERS; KINETICS; FLOW; DISSOLUTION AB We present the development and demonstrate the use of the two-dimensional finite element code UNSATCHEM-2D for modeling major ion equilibrium and kinetic nonequilibrium chemistry in variably saturated porous media. The model is intended for prediction of major ion chemistry and water and solute fluxes for soils under transient conditions. Since the solution chemistry in the unsaturated zone is significantly influenced by variations in water content, temperature, and CO2 concentrations in the soil gas, all these variables are also calculated by the model. The major variables of the chemical system are Ca, Mg, Na, K, SO4, Cl, NO3, alkalinity, and CO2. The model accounts for equilibrium chemical reactions between these components such as complexation, cation exchange, and precipitation-dissolution. For the precipitation-dissolution of calcite and dissolution of dolomite, either equilibrium or multicomponent kinetic expressions are used which include both forward and back reactions. Other dissolution-precipitation reactions considered include gypsum, hydromagnesite, and nesquehonite. Since the ionic strength of soil solutions can often reach high values, both modified Debye-Huckel and Pitzer expressions were incorporated into the model to calculate single ion activities. The need for an iterative coupling procedure between the solute transport and chemical modules is demonstrated with an example which considers root water uptake and irrigation using moderately saline water. The utility of the model is further illustrated with two-dimensional simulations with surface and subsurface irrigation from a line source. RP SIMUNEK, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011 NR 68 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1115 EP 1133 DI 10.1029/93WR03347 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NE300 UT WOS:A1994NE30000024 ER PT J AU NISSEN, SJ MASTERS, RA STOUGAARD, RN AF NISSEN, SJ MASTERS, RA STOUGAARD, RN TI IMAZETHAPYR ABSORPTION AND FATE IN LEAFY SPURGE (EUPHORBIA-ESULA) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TRANSLOCATION; ROOT RELEASE; RANGELAND WEED; IMIDAZOLINONE; PERENNIAL WEED; ADVENTITIOUS SHOOT BUDS; EPHES ID CHEMICAL-REGULATION; CANADA THISTLE; TRANSLOCATION; METABOLISM; PICLORAM; 2,4-D; GLYPHOSATE; MODE AB Absorption, translocation, root release, and metabolism of imazethapyr by leafy spurge were determined under growth chamber conditions. C-14-imazethapyr was applied to vegetatively propagated leafy spurge plants in a 1% solution of 28% urea ammonium nitrate containing 0.25% by vol nonionic surfactant. Plants were harvested 2 and 8 d after herbicide application. Imazethapyr absorption increased from 9% at 2 d to 20% at 8 d. Acropetal and basipetal translocation out of the treated leaf was observed, with 3.4 to 4.2% of the applied radioactivity accumulating in the root by the end of the 8-d time course. Eight days after herbicide application, radioactivity in dormant and elongated adventitious shoot buds was twofold higher than in root tissue (compared on a dry wt basis). Two days after herbicide application, 93% of the radioactivity remained as intact imazethapyr in the treated leaf, crown, root, and shoot buds. Eight days after application, crown, roots, and adventitious shoot buds had metabolized an average of 61, 36, and 47% of the imazethapyr, respectively, while only 14% was metabolized in the treated leaf. The primary metabolite cochromatographed with 5-hydroxyethyl-imazethapyr standard. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP NISSEN, SJ (reprint author), USDA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2 BP 158 EP 162 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NR436 UT WOS:A1994NR43600002 ER PT J AU CAREY, VF SMITH, RJ TALBERT, RE AF CAREY, VF SMITH, RJ TALBERT, RE TI INTERFERENCE DURATIONS OF BEARDED SPRANGLETOP (LEPTOCHLOA-FASCICULARIS) IN RICE (ORYZA-SATIVA) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE WEED INTERFERENCE; WEED COMPETITION; LEFFA ID REGISTRATION AB Effects of bearded sprangletop interference durations on Lemont and Newbonnet rice cultivars were studied. Interference durations of 63, 70, and 130 d after rice emergence reduced Lemont grain yields 11, 21, and 50 %, respectively, and towered Newbonnet grain yields 11, 13, and 37 %, respectively. Interference durations of 21 to 56 d after emergence did not reduce grain yields of either cultivar. Bearded sprangletop grown in Lemont rice produced more biomass than that in Newbonnet. Season-tong interference reduced plant height and straw dry weight of Lemont more than that of Newbonnet. C1 USDA ARS,STUTTGART,AR 72160. RP CAREY, VF (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT AGRON,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2 BP 180 EP 183 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NR436 UT WOS:A1994NR43600006 ER PT J AU BUHLER, DD STOLTENBERG, DE BECKER, RL GUNSOLUS, JL AF BUHLER, DD STOLTENBERG, DE BECKER, RL GUNSOLUS, JL TI PERENNIAL WEED POPULATIONS AFTER 14 YEARS OF VARIABLE TILLAGE AND CROPPING PRACTICES SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CONSERVATION TILLAGE; CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE; NO-TILLAGE; RIDGE TILLAGE; HEMP DOGBANE; AMERICAN GERMANDER; FIELD BINDWEED; APCCA; CONAR; TEUCA ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; SYSTEMS AB Management of perennial weeds is a major concern in reduced-tillage cropping systems. Field research was conducted at Nashua, IA, from 1977 through 1990 to evaluate the long-term impacts of tillage and cropping patterns on perennial weed populations in corn and soybean production. Continuous corn and a corn/soybean rotation were conducted utilizing moldboard plow, chisel plow, ridge tillage, and no-tillage systems. The research area was free of established perennial weed species at the initiation of the experiment in 1977. Hemp dogbane was observed by 1981), with the greatest densities in no-tillage. By 1990, continuous corn had greater hemp dogbane densities with no-tillage than other tillage system by crop rotation treatments. American germander densities were not affected by tillage systems in 1980 and 1981, but by 1990, corn/soybean rotations had greater densities in moldboard plow than other tillage systems. Field bindweed developed primarily in the corn/soybean rotations with the greatest densities occurring in no-tillage. Greater and more diverse populations of perennial weeds developed in reduced-tillage systems than in the moldboard plow system. However, practices used to control annual weeds and environmental factors interacted with tillage to regulate perennial weed populations. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP BUHLER, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 16 TC 91 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 13 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2 BP 205 EP 209 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NR436 UT WOS:A1994NR43600010 ER PT J AU YEN, PY KOSKINEN, WC SCHWEIZER, EE AF YEN, PY KOSKINEN, WC SCHWEIZER, EE TI DISSIPATION OF ALACHLOR IN 4 SOILS AS INFLUENCED BY DEGRADATION AND SORPTION PROCESSES SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LEACHING; PERSISTENCE; MOVEMENT; GROUND WATER QUALITY; SORPTION ID ACETANILIDE HERBICIDES; GROUNDWATER; METOLACHLOR; PERSISTENCE; ADSORPTION; ATRAZINE; WATER AB Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the influence of degradation and sorption processes on the dissipation of alachlor in one Colorado soil (Kim clay loam and three Minnesota soils (Port Byron silt loam, Webster silty clay loam, and Estherville sandy loam) as a function of soil depth. Persistence and movement of alachlor in all irrigated corn production system also were determined on the Kim soil. Laboratory degradation data fit first-order kinetics, and rate constants ranged from 0.0094 to 0.0251 d-1 and varied with soil type and depth. For instance, in 60- to 75-cm-depth Kim soil, alachlor degraded at a slower rate (k = 0.011 d-1) than in surface soil samples (k = 0.022 d-1). Alachlor sorption to the four soils was moderate (K(f) = 0.7 to 7.4; K(f,oc) = 71 to 470) and concentration dependent (1/n < 1.0). Significant hysteretic desorption of alachlor from soils also was observed (1/n desorption < 1/n sorption). The combined effect of degradation and sorption processes has been used to classify a chemical's potential to leach to groundwater. Based on K(f,oc) and dissipation half-life, alachlor would be classified as a ''leacher'' in Kim, Port Byron, and Estherville soils and classified as transitional between ''leacher'' and ''nonleacher'' in the Webster soil. The dissipation first-order rate constant (k) of alachlor in Kim soil in the field was 0.036 +/- 0.012 d-1. Dissipation was apparently not due to leaching since bromide applied at the same time remained in the top 15 cm during the first 28 d. It appears that laboratory-derived leaching indices may overestimate actual leaching and should be used with caution for predictive or regulatory purposes. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGE RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,WATER MANAGE RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP YEN, PY (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 26 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2 BP 233 EP 240 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NR436 UT WOS:A1994NR43600015 ER PT J AU REDDY, KN LOCKE, MA AF REDDY, KN LOCKE, MA TI SUPERCRITICAL CO2 FLUID EXTRACTION OF IMAZAQUIN FROM SOIL SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HERBICIDE RESIDUE; HPLC; IMIDAZOLINONE HERBICIDE ID COMPLEX MATRICES; CHROMATOGRAPHY; PERSISTENCE; IMAZETHAPYR; COLLECTION; CLOMAZONE; CAPILLARY AB Feasibility of supercritical CO2 fluid extraction of imazaquin from spiked soil (3.21 mumol kg-1) as an alternative to a conventional extraction method was investigated. The supercritical fluid extraction method involved single-step extraction of herbicide from soil with no further sample cleanup procedures. Extraction parameters were optimized for maximum herbicide recovery. Adding water as a modifier to air-dried soil significantly improved herbicide recovery. Extracting a 1-g soil sample with supercritical CO2 at 0.80 g ml-1 density and 3 ml min-1 flow rate, 80 C extraction temperature, 6 min static extraction followed by 25 min dynamic extraction, and analyte trap temperature of 40 C was optimum for maximum herbicide recovery. When optimum supercritical fluid extraction conditions were used, imazaquin recovery from three texturally different soils ranged from 55 to 64%, which was comparable to a conventional extraction method (63%). The supercritical fluid extraction method consumed 4 ml methanol and 75 ml supercritical CO2 and took approximately 1 h for sample extraction. RP REDDY, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS,S WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2 BP 249 EP 253 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NR436 UT WOS:A1994NR43600017 ER PT J AU GRONWALD, JW AF GRONWALD, JW TI INTERACTIONS OF HERBICIDES WITH MEMBRANES - PAPERS PRESENTED FEBRUARY 10, 1993 DURING THE WSSA ANNUAL-MEETING IN DENVER, COLORADO, AS A SYMPOSIUM OF SECTION-X - PHYSIOLOGY SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article RP GRONWALD, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2 BP 254 EP 254 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NR436 UT WOS:A1994NR43600018 ER PT J AU SOUISSI, T KREMER, RJ AF SOUISSI, T KREMER, RJ TI LEAFY SPURGE (EUPHORBIA-ESULA) CELL-CULTURES FOR SCREENING DELETERIOUS RHIZOBACTERIA SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; RHIZOBACTERIA; TISSUE CULTURE; EPHES ID ANTENNARIA-MICROPHYLLA; NORTH-DAKOTA; ACID; BACTERIA AB Bioassays using cell cultures and callus tissues of leafy spurge were devised to evaluate the potential of rhizobacteria as biocontrol agents. Rhizobacteria isolated from roots of leafy spurge seedlings were screened in suspension-cultured leafy spurge cells. Cell viability was assessed using the Evan's blue bioassay 48 h after bacterial inoculation Among the 30 isolates tested, LS102 and LS105 consistently caused intensive cell death determined by measuring the A630 of the inoculated cell cultures. Cell death was 2.5 to 3 times higher in cultures inoculated with LS105 and LS102, respectively, than in the control. Population levels of the two isolates within cell cultures and callus tissues of leafy spurge increased during the first 48 h. Leafy spurge callus tissues were inoculated with rhizobacteria either directly or by using the Host Pathogen Interaction System (HPIS). The latter exposes calli to bacteria without any physical contact. LS102 caused cellular leakage and eventually death of the callus tissue. Callus growth was reduced by about 30 to 70% when exposed to LS 102 and LS 105, respectively. Results suggest that these two isolates may affect leafy spurge at the cellular level by different mechanisms. A screening method based on cell cultures and callus tissues offers a good and rapid technique for detecting deleterious rhizobacteria with potential as biocontrol agents for leafy spurge. C1 USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP SOUISSI, T (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65201, USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2 BP 310 EP 315 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NR436 UT WOS:A1994NR43600025 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, RL AF ANDERSON, RL TI CHARACTERIZING WEED COMMUNITY SEEDLING EMERGENCE FOR A SEMIARID SITE IN COLORADO SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CROP MODELS; CULTURAL PRACTICES; INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS; LOW-HERBICIDE-INPUT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AB This study characterized the emergence pattern of a weed community of 16 species between April 1 and August 31 over a 7-yr period. Weed seedlings were counted weekly in quadrats established in winter wheat stubble within no-till and conventional-till production systems. Weed emergence showed two peaks, the first between April 25 and May 9, and the second between May 30 and June 13. Tillage did not affect the weed community emergence pattern. Knowledge of weed community emergence pattern in conjunction with crop simulation models could be used to suggest cultural practices such as optimal planting dates that favor a crop over weeds, and possibly reduce herbicide use for within-crop weed control. RP ANDERSON, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,AKRON,CO 80720, USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 8 IS 2 BP 245 EP 249 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NV581 UT WOS:A1994NV58100011 ER PT J AU NIELSEN, DC ANDERSON, RL AF NIELSEN, DC ANDERSON, RL TI PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND TRANSPIRATION RESPONSE OF REDROOT PIGWEED (AMARANTHUS-RETROFLEXUS) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TRANSPIRATION; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; TEMPERATURE; CARBON EXCHANGE RATE; MODELS AB Redroot pigweed is a major weed worldwide. Increasing emphasis on modeling physiological processes of weeds for use in weed control decision support systems requires a knowledge of the response of weeds to resource levels and environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine functional relationships for carbon exchange rate (CER) and transpiration based on photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and temperature from measurements made on field-grown redroot pigweed. Measurements were made using a portable photosynthesis system on four dates. An equation that had the form of a power function on PPFD and a quadratic polynomial on temperature was fit to the data. The equation fit the measured CER data better than the measured transpiration data. The equations should be useful in modeling the physiological processes of pigweed within crop canopies. RP NIELSEN, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,AKRON,CO 80720, USA. RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 8 IS 2 BP 265 EP 269 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NV581 UT WOS:A1994NV58100014 ER PT J AU BUHLER, DD SCHREIBER, MM KOSKINEN, WC AF BUHLER, DD SCHREIBER, MM KOSKINEN, WC TI WEED-CONTROL WITH STARCH-ENCAPSULATED ALACHLOR, METOLACHLOR, AND ATRAZINE SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CONTROLLED-RELEASE; WATER QUALITY; ZEA-MAYS; ABUTH; POLPY; SETFA AB Field research was conducted at Rosemount, MN in 1990 and 1991 to determine the effect of starch encapsulation on weed control in com with alachlor, metolachlor,and atrazine under two weed densities. At low weed densities (122 total plants/m2), giant foxtail and Pennsylvania smartweed control were not different with full rates of herbicide applied in starch encapsulated or commercial formulations. Velvetleaf control was less with starch-encapsulated than commercial formulations regardless of velvetleaf density. At high giant foxtail densities (740 plants/m2), control was not affected by formulation with full rates of alachlor plus atrazine. However, giant foxtail control was less with starch-encapsulated formulations than commercial formulations with 75% rates of alachlor plus atrazine and both 75 and 100% rates of metolachlor plus atrazine. At low weed densities, com yield was not different with any treatment, except starch-encapsulated metolachlor plus atrazine at 75% rates, compared to the weed-free control. Alachlor plus atrazine at full rates was the only starch-encapsulated treatment to result in com yield not different from the weed-free control at high weed densities. Conversely, all commercial formulation treatments resulted in com yields not different from the weed-free control at high weed densities. RP BUHLER, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 8 IS 2 BP 277 EP 284 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NV581 UT WOS:A1994NV58100016 ER PT J AU BOYDSTON, RA AF BOYDSTON, RA TI CLOPYRALID PERSISTENCE IN SPEARMINT (MENTHA-CARDIACA) HAY INJURES POTATO (SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HERBICIDE INJURY; HERBICIDE CARRYOVER AB Spent spearmint hay from mint that had been treated with clopyralid in the fall or spring injured 'Russet Burbank' potato planted into loamy sand soil amended with 50 g hay/kg soil. Lowering the ratio of mint hay to soil from 50 to 3.1 g/kg reduced, but did not eliminate, the injury to potato. Potato was inured by clopyralid at concentrations as low as 3 ppbw in soil. RP BOYDSTON, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 8 IS 2 BP 296 EP 298 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NV581 UT WOS:A1994NV58100019 ER PT J AU JORDAN, JP AF JORDAN, JP TI FUTURE-DIRECTIONS FOR WEED SCIENCE - PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM SPONSORED BY THE COOPERATIVE STATE RESEARCH SERVICE, USDA, AND THE WEED-SCIENCE-SOCIETY-OF-AMERICA, APRIL 15, 1993, WASHINGTON, DC - PREFACE SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP JORDAN, JP (reprint author), USDA,CSRS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 8 IS 2 BP 387 EP 387 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NV581 UT WOS:A1994NV58100035 ER PT J AU SIMPSON, WT TSCHERNITZ, JL SARFO, JS AF SIMPSON, WT TSCHERNITZ, JL SARFO, JS TI SHORT, CLEAR SPECIMENS FOR ESTIMATING DRYING TIME OF SUGAR MAPLE LUMBER SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DRYING; KILN-DRYING; MAPLE; MODELING AB The drying times of full-length (8-ft (2.44-m)) sugar maple sapwood boards were compared to those of matched, short [11.5-in. (292-mm)] boards at eight temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity combinations. The results showed little practical difference in the drying times of the boards. We conclude that studies on drying time can be made more efficient by reducing the amount of material and the size of the drying equipment. C1 FOREST RES INST,KUMASI,GHANA. RP SIMPSON, WT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 26 IS 2 BP 171 EP 177 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA NH782 UT WOS:A1994NH78200002 ER PT J AU WIEDENBECK, JK KLINE, DE AF WIEDENBECK, JK KLINE, DE TI SYSTEM SIMULATION MODELING - A CASE-STUDY ILLUSTRATION OF THE MODEL DEVELOPMENT LIFE-CYCLE SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SYSTEM SIMULATION; ANIMATION; MODELING LIFE CYCLE; INTEGRATED DECISION-SUPPORT; DISCRETE EVENT; FURNITURE ROUGH MILL AB Systems simulation modeling techniques offer a method of representing the individual elements of a manufacturing system and their interactions. By developing and experimenting with simulation models, one can obtain a better understanding of the overall physical system. Forest products industries are beginning to understand the importance of simulation modeling to help improve the dynamic performance of their processing and manufacturing systems. However, much knowledge and expertise are needed to accurately represent an actual forest products processing system as a simulation model. The purpose of this paper is to describe some effective process simulation model development strategies. This description points to the depth and breadth of knowledge that are needed to create usable and valid simulation models. To assist in illustrating the simulation modeling life cycle, actual case studies in modeling furniture rough mills are used. C1 DEPT WOOD SCI & FOREST PROD,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP WIEDENBECK, JK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,BROOKS FOREST PROD CTR,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 26 IS 2 BP 192 EP 204 PG 13 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA NH782 UT WOS:A1994NH78200005 ER PT J AU BHARGAVA, SC SMIGOCKI, AC AF BHARGAVA, SC SMIGOCKI, AC TI TRANSFORMATION OF TROPICAL GRAIN LEGUMES USING PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT SO CURRENT SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID STABLE TRANSFORMATION; VIGNA-RADIATA; L WILCZEK; REGENERATION; COTYLEDONS; CULTIVAR; PROMOTER; TOBACCO; RATES AB The particle bombardment method for direct gene transfer was used to introduce beta-glucuronidase (GUS) and neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII) genes into three Vigna species. Relatively high frequency of transient GUS expression was observed on all parts of germinating embryos 18 to 24 hours after bombardment. Factors such as the ratio of gold particles to plasmid DNA carrying the genes of interest, pressure used for delivery of the particles into tissues, and the number of times the tissues were bombarded all affected the efficiency of transient GUS expression. In addition, incubation of tissues on kinetin enhanced the expression of GUS. These results indicate that the particle delivery system could effectively be used to introduce genes into meristematic regions of Vignas. C1 SKN COLL AGR,DEPT PLANT PHYSIOL,JOBNER 303329,INDIA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT SCIENCE ASSN PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, PO BOX 8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0011-3891 J9 CURR SCI INDIA JI Curr. Sci. PD MAR 25 PY 1994 VL 66 IS 6 BP 439 EP 442 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NG966 UT WOS:A1994NG96600010 ER PT J AU SHANI, N ROSENBERG, N KASARDA, DD GALILI, G AF SHANI, N ROSENBERG, N KASARDA, DD GALILI, G TI MECHANISMS OF ASSEMBLY OF WHEAT HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GLUTENINS INFERRED FROM EXPRESSION OF WILD-TYPE AND MUTANT SUBUNITS IN TRANSGENIC TOBACCO SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DISULFIDE BONDS; PROTEIN BODIES; GENERAL-METHOD; BREAD WHEAT; ENDOSPERM; REVEALS; VECTORS AB Following sequestration into the endoplasmic reticulum, wheat high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) assemble into polymers through intermolecular disulfide bond formation. These polymers, which also include low molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), have a broad distribution of molecular mass reaching up to several million daltons. To study the mechanism of assembly of the HMW-GS, we have expressed x- and y-type HMW-GS in transgenic tobacco plants. Both types, when expressed individually or in combination, were incorporated into polymers. Partial reduction of polymers formed by different subunits re suited in different patterns of release of homodimers, heterodimers, and monomers. This suggested different arrangements of intermolecular disulfide bonds or different peptide conformations in the vicinity of the disulfide bonds linking x-x, y-y, and x-y type HMW-GS. A mutant of the x type subunit, lacking a conserved cysteine in the C-terminal domain, assembled into oligomers linked by intermolecular disulfide bonds, but not into large polymers. This mutant was deposited, however, in dense protein bodies, similar to those formed by the native HMW-GS, suggesting that polymer formation and packaging into protein bodies may be the result of different types of interactions. Pulse-chase labeling of proteins in wheat endosperm showed that the assembly of the HMW-GS into insoluble polymers occurs by a slow process which apparently continues after the initiation of protein body formation. C1 WEIZMANN INST SCI,DEPT PLANT GENET,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 38 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAR 25 PY 1994 VL 269 IS 12 BP 8924 EP 8930 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA NB411 UT WOS:A1994NB41100047 PM 8132629 ER PT J AU BEATTIE, JH RICHARDS, MP AF BEATTIE, JH RICHARDS, MP TI SEPARATION OF METALLOTHIONEIN ISOFORMS BY MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CAPILLARY CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Note ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RAT-LIVER; ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; QUANTIFICATION; INDUCTION; CADMIUM; ASSAY; GENES; CELLS AB Current techniques for the separation and quantification of metallothionein isoforms have limited value for routine analysis. Isoforms having a similar charge have been separated successfully using reversed-phase HPLC but this technique suffers from a slow sample turnover time. The use of the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate for the separation of metallothionein isoforms by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) is described. The charge-different isoforms MT-1 and MT-2 from rats, rabbits and sheep were separated within 9-12 min. In addition, a varying degree of heterogeneity was observed in purified samples of human MT-1, rat MT-2, rabbit MT-1, rabbit MT-2 and sheep MT-1. The behaviour of chicken MT was different from that of any other species. The separation of sheep liver extracts indicated the potential of MECC as the basis for a quantitative assay for both charge-different and charge-similar metallothionein isoforms. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BEATTIE, JH (reprint author), ROWETT RES INST,DIV BIOCHEM SCI,GREENBURN RD,BUCKSBURN AB2 9SB,ABERDEEN,SCOTLAND. NR 25 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 25 PY 1994 VL 664 IS 1 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80638-1 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA ND651 UT WOS:A1994ND65100017 PM 8012546 ER PT J AU NIETOSOTELO, J ICHIDA, A QUAIL, PH AF NIETOSOTELO, J ICHIDA, A QUAIL, PH TI POSITIVE FACTOR-1 (PF1) FROM OAT IS AN HMGY-LIKE AND H1 HISTONE-LIKE PROTEIN THAT BINDS A FUNCTIONALLY DEFINED AT-RICH DNA ELEMENT IN THE OAT PHYTOCHROME-A GENE (PHYA3) PROMOTER SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Note ID CLONING; MOTIF C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD MAR 25 PY 1994 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1115 EP 1116 DI 10.1093/nar/22.6.1115 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA ND770 UT WOS:A1994ND77000032 PM 8152915 ER PT J AU NAZERIAN, K AF NAZERIAN, K TI BAHAI RELIGION SO NATURE LA English DT Letter RP NAZERIAN, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 24 PY 1994 VL 368 IS 6469 BP 284 EP 284 DI 10.1038/368284b0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NB985 UT WOS:A1994NB98500021 ER PT J AU IRWIN, PL PFEFFER, PE DONER, LW SAPERS, GM BREWSTER, JD NAGAHASHI, G HICKS, KB AF IRWIN, PL PFEFFER, PE DONER, LW SAPERS, GM BREWSTER, JD NAGAHASHI, G HICKS, KB TI BINDING GEOMETRY, STOICHIOMETRY, AND THERMODYNAMICS OF CYCLOMALTO-OLIGOSACCHARIDE (CYCLODEXTRIN) INCLUSION COMPLEX-FORMATION WITH CHLOROGENIC ACID, THE MAJOR SUBSTRATE OF APPLE POLYPHENOL OXIDASE SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ALPHA-CYCLODEXTRIN AB The inclusion complexes of cyclomaltohexaose (alpha-CD), cyclomaltoheptaose (beta-CD), cyclomaltooctaose (gamma-CD), and polymerized beta-CD (beta-CD(n)) with chlorogenic acid (CA), the major substrate of apple fruit polyphenol oxidase (PPO), were studied with regard to pH, ionic strength, and temperature in model buffer systems and apple juice. The thermodynamics of CD.CA inclusion complex formation, which were studied in solution using UV spectrophotometry, displayed enthalpy-entropy compensation typical of processes driven by solvation phenomena. We also found that the apparent association constants (K) of the CD.CA equilibrium were relatively insensitive to pH for beta-CD, compared to alpha-and gamma-CDs, but were subject to substantial enhancement at low ionic strengths. The beta-CD.CA inclusion complex was also characterized for binding geometry and stoichiometry at 9.4 T and 25-degrees-C in 0.05 M Na phosphate buffer by H-1 NMR spectroscopy. A 1:1 stoichiometric ratio for the complex was found using the method of continuous variations. H-1 Spin-lattice relaxation and chemical-shift data indicate that the phenolic ring of CA docks within the cavity of beta-CD. The Ks for beta-, alpha-, and gamma-CD determined in apple juice, which contains a mixture of PPO substrates, were found to correlate with PPO activity-related data. Apple juice, treated with beta-CD(n), did not brown until CA was added back. These latter findings strongly argue that the mechanism for inhibition of juice browning with cyclodextrins was mainly due to the binding of PPO substrates and not some other means such as enzyme inactivation via sequestration of Cu2+ by CDs. RP USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 25 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD MAR 18 PY 1994 VL 256 IS 1 BP 13 EP 27 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(94)84223-X PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA ND269 UT WOS:A1994ND26900002 PM 8194069 ER PT J AU ABRAMS, SA OBRIEN, KO STUFF, JE ELLIS, KJ AF ABRAMS, SA OBRIEN, KO STUFF, JE ELLIS, KJ TI CALCIUM-ABSORPTION AND BONE MINERALIZATION ARE GREATER IN BLACK THAN IN WHITE GIRLS AGE 7-14 YEARS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 18 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 5 BP A694 EP A694 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ND197 UT WOS:A1994ND19700632 ER PT J AU ACKERMANN, MR STABEL, JR REGISTER, KB RIMLER, RB AF ACKERMANN, MR STABEL, JR REGISTER, KB RIMLER, RB TI DECREASED PROLIFERATION OF HUMERAL GROWTH-PLATE CHONDROCYTES IN PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA TOXIN-TREATED RATS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 18 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 5 BP A908 EP A908 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ND197 UT WOS:A1994ND19701872 ER PT J AU BENSON, A COBURN, S MAHUREN, D SZADKOWSKA, Z SCHALTENBRAND, W HACHEY, D TOWNSEND, D AF BENSON, A COBURN, S MAHUREN, D SZADKOWSKA, Z SCHALTENBRAND, W HACHEY, D TOWNSEND, D TI KINETICS OF VITAMIN-B6 METABOLISM EXAMINED IN HUMANS USING SIMULTANEOUS ORAL-ADMINISTRATION OF D2-PYRIDOXAMINE, D3-PYRIDOXAL AND D5-PYRIDOXINE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PURDUE UNIV INDIANA UNIV,FT WAYNE,IN 46805. FT WAYNE ST DEV CTR,FT WAYNE,IN 46835. USDA,ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 18 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 5 BP A703 EP A703 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ND197 UT WOS:A1994ND19700687 ER PT J AU BOWERS, D VALAITIS, A AF BOWERS, D VALAITIS, A TI ANALYSIS OF THE GLYCAN MOIETY OF TREHALASE PURIFIED FROM L-DISPAR GUT SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DELAWARE,OH 43015. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 18 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 5 BP A935 EP A935 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ND197 UT WOS:A1994ND19702028 ER PT J AU BRISKEANDERSON, M NEWMAN, SM IDSO, JP FINLEY, JW REEVES, PG AF BRISKEANDERSON, M NEWMAN, SM IDSO, JP FINLEY, JW REEVES, PG TI CULTURE CONDITIONS AND PASSAGE NUMBER INFLUENCE MORPHOLOGY AND METABOLISM OF CACO-2 CELLS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 18 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 5 BP A935 EP A935 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ND197 UT WOS:A1994ND19702026 ER PT J AU BROWN, ED MORRIS, VC SINHA, R RHODES, DG LEVANDER, OA AF BROWN, ED MORRIS, VC SINHA, R RHODES, DG LEVANDER, OA TI URINARY-EXCRETION OF MALONDIALDEHYDE (MDA) IN SUBJECTS FED CONTROLLED DIETS WITH MEAT COOKED AT HIGH AND LOW-TEMPERATURES SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NCI,DCE,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RI Sinha, Rashmi/G-7446-2015 OI Sinha, Rashmi/0000-0002-2466-7462 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 18 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 5 BP A719 EP A719 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ND197 UT WOS:A1994ND19700782 ER PT J AU COCHARY, EF KIKINIS, Z PAULSON, KE AF COCHARY, EF KIKINIS, Z PAULSON, KE TI NUTRITIONAL REGULATION AND LOCALIZATION OF LIPOGENIC GENE-EXPRESSION IN MOD-1 (MALIC ENZYME-DEFICIENT) MOUSE-LIVER SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RECH INST,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 18 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 5 BP A931 EP A931 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ND197 UT WOS:A1994ND19702001 ER PT J AU DALY, D MILLER, JW NADEAU, MR SELHUB, J AF DALY, D MILLER, JW NADEAU, MR SELHUB, J TI THE EFFECT OF ACUTE L-DOPA ADMINISTRATION ON PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS IN FOLATE REPLETE AND DEPLETE RATS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 18 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 5 BP A920 EP A920 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ND197 UT WOS:A1994ND19701941 ER PT J AU DAUDU, PA KELLEY, DS TAYLOR, PC BURRI, BJ AF DAUDU, PA KELLEY, DS TAYLOR, PC BURRI, BJ TI CAROTENE DEPLETION SHOWED NO EFFECT ON IMMUNE FUNCTION IN HEALTHY ADULT WOMEN SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 18 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 5 BP A815 EP A815 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ND197 UT WOS:A1994ND19701335 ER PT J AU GLAHN, RP GANGLOFF, MB MILLER, DD WIEN, EM KAPSOKEFALOU, M VANCAMPEN, DR AF GLAHN, RP GANGLOFF, MB MILLER, DD WIEN, EM KAPSOKEFALOU, M VANCAMPEN, DR TI USE OF IN-VITRO DIGESTION AND CACO-2 CELL-CULTURE TO STUDY IRON UPTAKE BIOAVAILABILITY SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 18 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 5 BP A712 EP A712 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ND197 UT WOS:A1994ND19700743 ER PT J AU GOFF, BL WHIPPLE, DL AF GOFF, BL WHIPPLE, DL TI COMPARISON OF NORTH-AMERICAN TUBERCULINS (CANADA, MEXICO, US) IN A MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS GAMMA-INTERFERON ASSAY SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,LEPTOSPIROSIS MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 18 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 5 BP A755 EP A755 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ND197 UT WOS:A1994ND19700985 ER EF