FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU SINGH, HK COTE, GL HADFIELD, TM AF SINGH, HK COTE, GL HADFIELD, TM TI MANIPULATION OF ENZYME REGIOSELECTIVITY BY SOLVENT ENGINEERING - ENZYMATIC-SYNTHESIS OF 5'-O-ACYLRIBONUCLEOSIDES SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENANTIOSELECTIVITY AB Regioselectivity of enzyme can be manipulated by solvent engineering. By this technique, a simple and convenient method was developed for the synthesis of 5'-O-acylribonucleosides in high yields by the protease-catalyzed regioselective esterification of the primary hydroxyl groups of ribonucleosides in anhydrous pyridine. C1 BRADLEY UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PEORIA,IL 61625. RP SINGH, HK (reprint author), US ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 1994 VL 35 IS 9 BP 1353 EP 1356 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)76216-2 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA MY726 UT WOS:A1994MY72600012 ER PT J AU ZHANG, LL PAKRASI, HB WHITMARSH, J AF ZHANG, LL PAKRASI, HB WHITMARSH, J TI PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC GROWTH OF THE CYANOBACTERIUM SYNECHOCYSTIS SP PCC-6803 IN THE ABSENCE OF CYTOCHROME C(553) AND PLASTOCYANIN SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; ANABAENA SP PCC-7937; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-CAPSULATA; TARGETED MUTAGENESIS; B/F COMPLEX; GENE; COPPER; SEQUENCE; CLONING AB In the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, photosynthetic electron transport from the cytochrome bf complex to photosystem I can be mediated by cytochrome c(553) Or plastocyanin. The concentration of copper in the growth medium determines which protein is synthesized. To investigate the role of cytochrome c(553) in photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport, we cloned the petJ gene encoding cytochrome c(553) from Synechocystis 6803 and determined its nucleotide sequence. The 360-base pair open reading frame encodes an 85-amino acid mature protein (predicted molecular mass = 8,742 Da) with a 35-amino acid presequence. Two mutants were constructed, one in which the petJ gene for cytochrome c(553) was deleted and another in which the petE gene for plastocyanin was insertionally inactivated. The cytochrome c(553) deletion mutant (M109) grew photoautotrophically, even in the absence of copper that prevented the synthesis of plastocyanin, as did the plastocyanin-deficient mutant (M114) grown in the presence of copper that prevented the synthesis of cytochrome c(553). The M109 strain exhibited photosynthetic electron transport rates similar to those of wild-type cells when grown under conditions that prevented the synthesis of plastocyanin. Moreover, in M109 cells grown without copper, cytochrome f was completely photooxidized in less than 10 ms by photosystem I. These observations show that electrons can be transferred from the cytochrome bf complex to photosystem I in the absence of both cytochrome c(553) and plastocyanin. Additionally, the M109 cells exhibited dark respiration rates comparable with those of wild-type cells, indicating that cytochrome c(553) is not obligately required for respiratory electron transport in Synechocystis 6803. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 41841] NR 44 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD FEB 18 PY 1994 VL 269 IS 7 BP 5036 EP 5042 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA MX571 UT WOS:A1994MX57100054 PM 8106479 ER PT J AU PAPPU, HR KARASEV, AV ANDERSON, EJ PAPPU, SS HILF, ME FEBRES, VJ ECKLOFF, RMG MCCAFFERY, M BOYKO, V GOWDA, S DOLJA, VV KOONIN, EV GUMPF, DJ CLINE, KC GARNSEY, SM DAWSON, WO LEE, RF NIBLETT, CL AF PAPPU, HR KARASEV, AV ANDERSON, EJ PAPPU, SS HILF, ME FEBRES, VJ ECKLOFF, RMG MCCAFFERY, M BOYKO, V GOWDA, S DOLJA, VV KOONIN, EV GUMPF, DJ CLINE, KC GARNSEY, SM DAWSON, WO LEE, RF NIBLETT, CL TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE AND ORGANIZATION OF 8 3' OPEN READING FRAMES OF THE CITRUS TRISTEZA CLOSTEROVIRUS GENOME SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEET YELLOWS CLOSTEROVIRUS; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; KDA PROTEIN; VIRUS; RNA; BINDING; GENE; DNA; ALIGNMENT; PLANT C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT HORT SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. US ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. UNIV FLORIDA,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT BIOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. NIH,NATL CTR BIOTECHNOL INFORMAT,NATL LIB MED,BETHESDA,MD 20894. RI Cline, Kenneth/J-6238-2013 NR 46 TC 130 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB 15 PY 1994 VL 199 IS 1 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.1006/viro.1994.1095 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA MW946 UT WOS:A1994MW94600004 PM 8116253 ER PT J AU CUNNINGHAM, RL CARR, ME BAGLEY, EB GORDON, SH GREENE, RV AF CUNNINGHAM, RL CARR, ME BAGLEY, EB GORDON, SH GREENE, RV TI HYDROPHILIC FOAMS CONTAINING CORN PRODUCTS FOR HORTICULTURAL USE SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLASTIC FILMS; MIXTURES; SPECTRA AB Polyurethane foams containing equal amounts of commercial unmodified cornstarch and a polyisocyanate-terminated polyether exhibit properties suitable for horticultural applications. The use of cornstarch in the foam formulation increased the volume by one-fourth as compared to the foam without cornstarch. This volume increase represents an economic advantage of 20% savings based on material cost. When cornstarch or corn flour is added to the foam formulation, the foams are more resistant to compressive force. Upon wetting and draining, the foams prepared with no auxiliary blowing agent and containing corn products exhibit higher volumes than do the unfilled foams. Radish seeds planted inside 25 mm cubes of foams began to sprout after 1 day. Early developmental growth for the plants was similar in the control and cornstarch-filled foams. Spectroscopic analyses of the starch-containing foams revealed that 60-70% of the cornstarch was metabolized within 4-5 weeks by a microbial consortium. Control polyurethane foams were not affected by the microorganisms tested. (C) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 US ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. RP CUNNINGHAM, RL (reprint author), US ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, FOOD PHYS CHEM RES UNIT, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 EI 1097-4628 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD FEB 14 PY 1994 VL 51 IS 7 BP 1311 EP 1317 DI 10.1002/app.1994.070510718 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA MT410 UT WOS:A1994MT41000018 ER PT J AU SLAUGHTER, LH LIVINGSTON, DP AF SLAUGHTER, LH LIVINGSTON, DP TI SEPARATION OF FRUCTAN ISOMERS BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE ANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Note ID OLIGOSACCHARIDES; KESTOSES C1 USDA ARS,UNIV PK,PA. RP SLAUGHTER, LH (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD FEB 3 PY 1994 VL 253 BP 287 EP 291 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(94)80074-X PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA MZ680 UT WOS:A1994MZ68000025 ER PT J AU HENDRIX, DL WEI, YA AF HENDRIX, DL WEI, YA TI BEMISIOSE - AN UNUSUAL TRISACCHARIDE IN BEMISIA HONEYDEW SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Note C1 GUANGXI UNIV,DEPT CHEM,GUANGXI 530004,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP HENDRIX, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 11 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD FEB 3 PY 1994 VL 253 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(94)80081-2 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA MZ680 UT WOS:A1994MZ68000032 PM 8156557 ER PT J AU SADEGHI, AM ISENSEE, AR AF SADEGHI, AM ISENSEE, AR TI SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION OF ATRAZINE RESIDUES IN SOIL AND SHALLOW GROUNDWATER - EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND RAINFALL TIMING SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE; WATER; INFILTRATION; TRANSPORT; MACROPOROSITY; PERSISTENCE; CYANAZINE; ALACHLOR AB A field study began in 1986 to determine the effects of no-till (NT) and conventional-till (CT) management practices on the movement and leaching characteristics of several commonly used pesticides to shallow groundwater during com (Zea mays L.) production. Specifically, the effect of tillage and rainfall timing on the spatial distribution of atrazine in the 0-30 cm soil depth and in shallow groundwater (less than 1 m depth) was evaluated in 1987, 1988, and 1989. These 3 years were selected because nearly the same amount of rain fell, but at different times and intensities, within the period between atrazine application and the first sampling. The average atrazine residues in the top 10 cm of soil of the two CT plots were much higher than the two NT plots in all years, regardless of the rainfall timing. This difference was about 23% in 1987 (first rain occurred 3 days after application), 56% in 1988 (12 h after application), and 63% in 1989 (6 days after application). Atrazine residue levels of 663 and 424 mug l-1 were found in the samples collected, from the wells above the clay layer, 3 days after the first rain event in 1988, in the two NT plots. However, the concentrations decreased to 133 mug l-1 and 105 mug l-1 and 6 mug l-1 and 5 mug l-1 after 14 and 40 days, respectively. These relatively high residue levels in 1988 presumably resulted because the first rain event which contributed 48 mm of rain began 12 h after application and lasted about 2 days. The average residue levels of atrazine in the wells below the clay layer in the NT plots were higher than the CT plots in all 3 years. The semi-variograms for atrazine residues in the 0-30 cm soil depth showed that the residue values were spatially related for the separation distance of less than 16 m. For the well water samples, this distance was estimated to be about 30 m. RP SADEGHI, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BULG 050,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 48 IS 1 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(94)90076-0 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MX245 UT WOS:A1994MX24500008 ER PT J AU SHIMANUKI, H KNOX, DA AF SHIMANUKI, H KNOX, DA TI SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BACILLUS LARVAE TO TERRAMYCIN SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Oxytetracycline HCl is the only antibiotic approved by the Food and Drug administration for the prevention and control of both American and European foulbrood diseases of honey bees. Without this one antibiotic, beekeepers would suffer losses in the millions of dollars. Even today, in some states, when American foulbrood disease is found, hives and bees are destroyed by burning. Some states also quarantine hives of bees found with American foulbrood disease and thus prevent the movement of honey bee colonies for pollination and honey production. For these reasons, it is imperative that the efficacy of oxytetracycline be evaluated periodically as this antibiotic has now been in use for almost 40 years. Over 100 American foulbrood samples collected in 1993 were compared for their relative sensitivity to samples of the disease collected prior to the use of oxytetracycline. No difference in sensitivity was noted between the pre- and post- oxytetracycline samples. RP SHIMANUKI, H (reprint author), US ARS,BEE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 134 IS 2 BP 125 EP 126 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MV484 UT WOS:A1994MV48400033 ER PT J AU CHAMBERS, RG PICK, DH AF CHAMBERS, RG PICK, DH TI MARKETING ORDERS AS NONTARIFF TRADE BARRIERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE MARKETING ORDERS; MINIMUM QUALITY STANDARDS; NONTARIFF TRADE BARRIER AB Previous analysis shows that, under autarky, all groups must lose from minimum quality standards with symmetric information. We find that, with international trade, it is possible for one country to gain by introducing minimum quality standards. However, it is not possible for both countries to gain from the standards. This result implies that minimum-quality standards are nontariff trade barriers using the Walter and Baldwin criteria. C1 USDA, ECON RES SERV, DIV AGR & TRADE ANAL, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 USA. RP CHAMBERS, RG (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND, COLL PK, MD 20742 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 76 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.2307/1243919 PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA NA389 UT WOS:A1994NA38900005 ER PT J AU PICK, DH CARTER, CA AF PICK, DH CARTER, CA TI PRICING TO MARKET WITH TRANSACTIONS DENOMINATED IN A COMMON CURRENCY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE COMMON CURRENCY; EXCHANGE RATE; PRICING TO MARKET ID RATE PASS-THROUGH; UNITED-STATES; EXCHANGE-RATES; PRICES AB We present a model with two exporters who ship a differentiated commodity to the same import destination. All pricing occurs in a common currency, that of the home exporter. We show that the foreign-exporter to home-exporter exchange rate can influence the home exporter's pricing decision. It has been previously argued that only the importer to home-exporter exchange rate matters to the home exporter. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT AGR ECON,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP PICK, DH (reprint author), USDA,GYNECOL SERV,DIV AGR & TRADE ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 76 IS 1 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.2307/1243920 PG 6 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA NA389 UT WOS:A1994NA38900006 ER PT J AU LEWANDROWSKI, JK WOHLGENANT, MK GRENNES, TJ AF LEWANDROWSKI, JK WOHLGENANT, MK GRENNES, TJ TI FINISHED PRODUCT INVENTORIES AND PRICE EXPECTATIONS IN THE SOFTWOOD LUMBER INDUSTRY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE INVENTORIES; LUMBER MARKETS; PRICE EXPECTATIONS ID SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION MODELS; STATES AB A monthly model is presented of the U.S. softwood lumber sector. Price expectations and beginning-period inventories have important roles in producers' production, sales, and inventory decisions. Cross-price effects among domestic producing regions are minimal. However, there is substantial competition between U.S. and Canadian producers. Our model produces supply elasticities, demand elasticities, and inventory response parameters that are different from and more comprehensive than those obtained in previous work. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR & RESOURCE ECON,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP LEWANDROWSKI, JK (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 76 IS 1 BP 83 EP 93 DI 10.2307/1243923 PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA NA389 UT WOS:A1994NA38900009 ER PT J AU BRODER, JM TAYLOR, WJ AF BRODER, JM TAYLOR, WJ TI TEACHING EVALUATION IN AGRICULTURAL-ECONOMICS AND RELATED DEPARTMENTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS DEPARTMENTS; HIGHER EDUCATION; STUDENT EVALUATIONS; TEACHING QUALITY AB Departments use student evaluations of teaching (SETs) with little evidence that evaluation forms and procedures measure or contribute to teaching quality. SETs in agricultural economics and related departments in the United States and Canada are examined hem in a resource allocation framework. Empirical models are estimated which characterize faculty reliance on SETs and faculty satisfaction with SET forms. We find that departmental reliance on SETs increases with faculty participation, that faculty have specific preferences for SET form and content, and that improvements in SETs are more likely to result from increasing the quality rather than the quantity of SET questions. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,USDA ACS,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP BRODER, JM (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGR & APPL ECON,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 76 IS 1 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.2307/1243929 PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA NA389 UT WOS:A1994NA38900015 ER PT J AU DEATON, L AF DEATON, L TI JAPANESE AGRICULTURAL POLICY RECONSIDERED - TAKEKAZU,OB SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review RP DEATON, L (reprint author), USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 76 IS 1 BP 167 EP 168 DI 10.2307/1243933 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA NA389 UT WOS:A1994NA38900019 ER PT J AU SWANSON, LL AF SWANSON, LL TI RURAL SOCIOLOGICAL SOCIETY - PERSISTENT POVERTY IN RURAL AMERICA - TASK-FORCE-PERSISTENT RURAL-POVERTY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review RP SWANSON, LL (reprint author), USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 76 IS 1 BP 169 EP 170 DI 10.2307/1243934 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA NA389 UT WOS:A1994NA38900020 ER PT J AU HUNT, JR ZITO, CA ERJAVEC, J JOHNSON, LK AF HUNT, JR ZITO, CA ERJAVEC, J JOHNSON, LK TI SEVERE OR MARGINAL IRON-DEFICIENCY AFFECTS SPONTANEOUS PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY IN RATS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE IRON; ACTIVITY; INFRARED MONITORING ID AUTOMATED MEASUREMENT; BEHAVIOR AB The influence of dietary iron on spontaneous activity was investigated in growing rats. Male rats weighing 97 +/- 10 g fed diets containing 4.6 (deficient), 19.9 (marginal), and 108.4 (adequate) mg Fe/kg diet for 8 wks had hemoglobin values of 52 +/- 6, 152 +/- 4, and 159 +/- 6 g/L, and liver nonheme iron concentrations of 0.79 +/- 0.24, 1.36 +/- 0.39, and 4.58 +/- 0.62 mu mol/g, respectively. Body weights were affected only at the lowest iron intake. Diurnal activity was not reversed by iron status; all animals were more active during the dark cycle than the light cycle. Iron deficiency resulted in less time and frequency of horizontal, vertical, and stereotypic movements; less distance moved; and less frequent rotations. Movement speed of iron-deficient rats was faster during early iron deficiency. In the light, rats with marginal iron nutriture were generally more active than were iron-deficient or iron-adequate animals. In the dark, activity generally decreased with each reduction in dietary iron. C1 UNIV N DAKOTA,DEPT CHEM ENGN,GRAND FORKS,ND. RP HUNT, JR (reprint author), US ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 26 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 59 IS 2 BP 413 EP 418 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MV014 UT WOS:A1994MV01400017 PM 8310994 ER PT J AU KING, JC BUTTE, NF BRONSTEIN, MN KOPP, LE LINDQUIST, SA AF KING, JC BUTTE, NF BRONSTEIN, MN KOPP, LE LINDQUIST, SA TI ENERGY-METABOLISM DURING PREGNANCY - INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL ENERGY STATUS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE PREGNANCY; BASAL METABOLISM; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY FAT; ENERGY REQUIREMENTS ID HEALTHY SWEDISH WOMEN; WEIGHT-GAIN; REQUIREMENTS; FAT; EXPENDITURE AB Additional energy requirements for term pregnancies are traditionally estimated as 1200 kJ/d or 325 MJ. These estimates approximate measured energy costs for well-nourished women, but non-Western populations subsisting on limited diets have much lower expenditures. Based on recent studies of energy expenditure during pregnancy, this paper reviews the 1) association between gestational weight gain and fat gain, 2) the influence of maternal energy status on basal metabolic energy expenditure in late pregnancy, and 3) potential energy metabolism adaptations available to pregnant women and how adaptations vary with energy status. Available data suggest that additional energy requirements during pregnancy vary from 0 to 500 MJ and depend on maternal energy status. If energy supplies are limited, adaptations spare energy for fetal growth; if energy is abundant, energy balance may be achieved in different ways depending on individual behavioral changes in food intake or activity patterns and on adjustments in basal metabolism or fat deposition. C1 USDA ARS, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, HOUSTON, TX USA. BAYLOR COLL MED, HOUSTON, TX USA. RP KING, JC (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT NUTR SCI, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 59 IS 2 SU S BP 439S EP 445S PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MW454 UT WOS:A1994MW45400002 PM 8304281 ER PT J AU HACHEY, DL AF HACHEY, DL TI BENEFITS AND RISKS OF MODIFYING MATERNAL FAT INTAKE IN PREGNANCY AND LACTATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE PREGNANCY; LACTATION; LIPOPROTEINS; HYPERLIPIDEMIA OF PREGNANCY; GESTATIONAL DIABETES; HYPERTENSION; PREMATURE DELIVERY; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS; BRAIN ID FISH-OIL SUPPLEMENTATION; ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; HUMAN-MILK; LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; LIPID-COMPOSITION; PRETERM INFANTS; BREAST-MILK; I HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA; STABLE ISOTOPES; AMINO-ACIDS AB The National Cholesterol Education Program recommends that healthy Americans aged >2 y reduce energy intake to maintain ideal body weight, saturated fat to 10% of energy, fat intake to 30% of energy, and cholesterol consumption to < 300 mg/d. Although these guidelines exclude pregnant or lactating women, nursing infants, and very young children, women with gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and familial hyperlipidemias may benefit from them. In a normal pregnancy, serum cholesterol and triglycerides rise 25-40% and 200-400%, respectively. Multiparous middle-aged women may have an increased incidence of angina and cholesterol gallstones from the hypercholesterolemia of pregnancy. Few studies support the safety of maternal low-fat diets for the developing fetus or demonstrate benefits to the mother. Polyunsaturated fatty acids lower serum lipids, and n-3 fatty acids may improve some obstetric complications. Arachidonic acid (20:4) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) may benefit the psychomotor and visual development of children. RP HACHEY, DL (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED, DEPT PEDIAT, USDA ARS CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, 1100 BATES ST, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. NR 86 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 59 IS 2 SU S BP 454S EP 464S PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MW454 UT WOS:A1994MW45400004 PM 8304283 ER PT J AU ALLEN, LH KING, JC RUSH, D KNOWLES, JB DEWEY, KG HACHEY, D GARZA, C ALI GAGE, DR MORENO, V BEARD, JL AF ALLEN, LH KING, JC RUSH, D KNOWLES, JB DEWEY, KG HACHEY, D GARZA, C ALI GAGE, DR MORENO, V BEARD, JL TI ENERGY AND MACRONUTRIENTS - SESSION-1 - GENERAL DISCUSSION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Discussion ID DIET C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT NUTR SCI, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. USDA, TUFTS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, BOSTON, MA USA. MEAD JOHNSON RES CTR, COLUMBIA, MO USA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT NUTR, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. BAYLOR UNIV, COLL MED, RES CTR, HOUSTON, TX USA. CORNELL UNIV, DIV NUTR SCI, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. PENN STATE UNIV, DEPT NUTR SCI & HLTH HUMAN DEV, UNIV PK, PA USA. RP ALLEN, LH (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT, DEPT NUTR SCI, STORRS, CT 06269 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 59 IS 2 SU S BP 474S EP 476S PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MW454 UT WOS:A1994MW45400006 ER PT J AU RUSH, D AF RUSH, D TI PERICONCEPTIONAL FOLATE AND NEURAL-TUBE DEFECT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE FOLIC ACID; NEURAL TUBE DEFECT; FOOD FORTIFICATION; CONGENITAL ANOMALY ID FOLIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; PREVENTION; RECURRENCE; PREVALENCE; RISK AB The US Public Health Service recommends that all women in the United States who might possibly become pregnant should consume 0.4 mg folic acid/d to lower the incidence of neural tube defect (NTD). This paper reviews the bases for this recommendation: controlled trials of periconceptional folate, observational studies of folate supplementation, studies relating dietary folate to NTD, a trial of dietary education aimed at lowering the rate of NTD, and studies of the relationship to NTD of serum and red blood cell folate concentrations. It remains unclear that trials to prevent recurrent NTD apply directly to occurrent NTD, and the minimum necessary dose of folate is unknown. Given the potential dangers of high levels of folate in the general diet, particularly the masking of the hematologic effects of vitamin B-12 deficiency in elderly persons, with the consequent possibility of vitamin B-12 deficiency presenting as severe, irreversible neurologic disease, it is suggested that, until the impact of increasing the general folate level of the diet is better understood, tablet supplementation of folate to women of childbearing age is preferable as an interim measure to increased food fortification. RP RUSH, D (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, 711 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. NR 25 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 59 IS 2 SU S BP 511S EP 516S PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MW454 UT WOS:A1994MW45400011 PM 8304289 ER PT J AU WORKU, M PAAPE, MJ FILEP, R MILLER, RH AF WORKU, M PAAPE, MJ FILEP, R MILLER, RH TI EFFECT OF IN-VITRO AND IN-VIVO MIGRATION OF BOVINE NEUTROPHILS ON BINDING AND EXPRESSION OF FC-RECEPTORS FOR IGG(2) AND IGM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; MAMMARY-GLAND; BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IMMUNE-COMPLEXES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; PHAGOCYTOSIS; MILK; BLOOD AB Binding of endogenous and exogenous homologous IgG(2) and IgM to bovine neutrophils before and after in vitro migration through micropore filters, and in vivo migration through mammary tissues after intramammary injection of endotoxin was evaluated by use of now cytometry. Immunoglobulin binding to neutrophils at 4 and 37 C was also evaluated. Before and after in vitro migration, neutrophils with endogenously bound IgG(2) and IgM averaged 1 and 2% and 23 and 7%, respectively. Before and after in vivo migration, IgG, and IgM binding averaged 1 and 7% and 26 and 15%, respectively. Before and after in vitro migration, binding of purified IgG, and IgM averaged 75 and 67% and 8 and 24%, respectively. Before and after in vivo migration, percentage of neutrophils binding purified IgG, and IgM averaged 92 and 98% and 54 and 70%, respectively. When serum was used as a source of exogenous immunoglobulins, binding of total IgG after in vitro migration increased from 5% to 28% and of IgM from 4% to 20%. After in vivo migration, binding increased from 21% to 47% and from 24% to 56%, respectively: Exogenous binding of IgG, at 4 and 37 C averaged 75 and 84%, and binding of IgM averaged 8% at either temperature. Endogenous IgG, was unaffected by temperature; however, binding of IgM decreased from 23% at 4 C to 2% at 37 C. These data indicate that endogenous binding was higher for IgM before migration than after migration, in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, migration in vivo through cellular matrices induced receptor upregulation for IgG and IgM. Source and concentration of ligand and serum components, other than immunoglobulins, appeared to contribute to receptor expression and availability. Neutrophils that were exposed to endotoxin and migrated into milk expressed more receptors than did unstimulated and nonmigrating neutrophils. The association of IgM with its receptor was temperature dependent. C1 US ARS,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLL PK,MD 20742. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 55 IS 2 BP 221 EP 226 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MV006 UT WOS:A1994MV00600007 PM 8172411 ER PT J AU BOOTHE, DM CULLEN, JM CALVIN, JA JENKINS, WL BROWN, SA GREEN, RA CORRIER, DE AF BOOTHE, DM CULLEN, JM CALVIN, JA JENKINS, WL BROWN, SA GREEN, RA CORRIER, DE TI ANTIPYRINE AND CAFFEINE DISPOSITIONS IN CLINICALLY NORMAL DOGS AND DOGS WITH PROGRESSIVE LIVER-DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DRUG-METABOLISM; MODEL; PLASMA; REGENERATION; KINETICS AB Dispositions of caffeine and antipyrine were compared as indicators of decreasing hepatic function in dogs with experimentally induced progressive liver disease, Dimethylnitrosamine, a hepatospecific toxin, was administered orally to 16 dogs; 6 dogs served as controls (group 1). Three classes of liver disease were defined by histologic features: mild (group 2; n= 5), moderate (group 3; n= G), and severe (group 4; n= 5). Disposition of antipyrine, and 24 hours later, caffeine was studied 3 weeks after the last dose of toxin in each dog. For both drugs, rapid IV administration of 20 mg/kg of body weight was administered and serum samples were obtained at intervals for determination of at least 5 terminal-phase drug half-lives. For both drugs, clearance and mean residence time differed among groups (P less than or equal to 0.01). Clearance of antipyrine and caffeine was decreased in groups 3 and 4, compared with groups 1 and 2. Antipyrine and caffeine mean residence times were longer in group-3 dogs, compared with dogs of groups 1 and 2. Correction of caffeine and antipyrine clearances for hepatic weight increased discrimination between groups 3 and 4, The clearance and mean residence time ratios of antipyrine to caffeine were calculated for each group and, when compared with values for group-1 dogs, were used to test for differences between the 2 drugs in response to disease. Ratios did not differ among groups. These results indicate that the disposition of antipyrine and caffeine may change similarly with progression of dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver disease. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL VET MED,TEXAS VET MED CTR,DEPT STAT & VET ANAT & PUBL HLTH,COLL STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL VET MED,TEXAS VET MED CTR,DEPT VET PATHOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH VET MED,OFF DEAN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. US ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77843. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT MICROBIOL PATHOL & PARASITOL,RALEIGH,NC 27607. UPJOHN CO,WORLDWIDE ANIM HLTH CLIN RES & PROD DEV,KALAMAZOO,MI 49001. RP BOOTHE, DM (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL VET MED,TEXAS VET MED CTR,DEPT VET PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 55 IS 2 BP 254 EP 261 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MV006 UT WOS:A1994MV00600013 PM 8172417 ER PT J AU SHOCK, CC STIEBER, TD ZALEWSKI, JC ELDREDGE, EP LEWIS, MD AF SHOCK, CC STIEBER, TD ZALEWSKI, JC ELDREDGE, EP LEWIS, MD TI POTATO-TUBER STEM-END FRY COLOR DETERMINATION SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE FRENCH FRY; DARK END; POTATO QUALITY REFLECTANCE; SUGAR END AB Precise measurement of tuber stem-end fry color is necessary to determine the fry quality of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Changes in fry color as influenced by small variations in measurement location, delays between slicing and frying, and delays between frying and measuring were examined. Variations in time between frying and measurement, and variations in the location of measurement contributed more to changes in observed color than delays between slicing and frying. The standard visual method for determining stem-end fry color was compared to objective methods using a Photovolt reflectance meter. Photovolt reflectance readings of two types of transverse stem-end tuber slices were compared with those from longitudinal strips. All methods produced closely related results. Optimum sample size and applications for each method are discussed. C1 UNIV IDAHO,USDA,HYDROL UNIT PROJECT,PAYETTE,ID 83661. ORE IDA FOODS INC,AGR SERV,BOISE,ID 83707. UNIV IDAHO,CALDWELL,ID 83605. RP SHOCK, CC (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,MALHEUR EXPT STN,595 ON AVE,ONTARIO,OR 97914, USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 71 IS 2 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1007/BF02849111 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MY106 UT WOS:A1994MY10600001 ER PT J AU VANBERKUM, P NAVARRO, RB VARGAS, AAT AF VANBERKUM, P NAVARRO, RB VARGAS, AAT TI CLASSIFICATION OF THE UPTAKE HYDROGENASE-POSITIVE (HUP(+)) BEAN RHIZOBIA AS RHIZOBIUM-TROPICI SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; NITROGEN-FIXATION; DNA-SEQUENCES; JAPONICUM; BACTEROIDS; TRANSPORT; OXIDATION; LEGUMES; TREES AB Phenotypic and genetic characterization indicated that Hup(+) bean rhizobial strains are type IIA and type IIB Rhizobium tropici. The Hup(+) strain USDA 2840, which did not cluster with either of the two types of R. tropici in a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, had electrophoretic patterns of PCR products generated with primers for repetitive extragenic palindromic and enterobacterial repetitive intergeneric consensus sequences similar to those of three reference strains of R. tropici type IIA. The Hup(+) strain USDA 2738, which clustered with the reference strain of R. tropici lip in a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, had electrophoretic patterns of PCR products generated with primers for repetitive extragenic. palindromic and enterobacterial repetitive intergeneric consensus sequences more closely resembling those of the reference strains of R. tropici type IIA than those of type IIB. DNA amplification with the Y1. and Y2 primers to generate a portion of the 16S rDNA operon was useful to distinguish R. tropici type IIA strains from other bean rhizobial strains. The phylogenetic position of the type IIA strain of R. tropici USDA 2840, determined from the partial 16S rDNA sequence, indicated a more distant relationship with the type IIB strain of R. tropici CIAT899 than with the as yet unnamed rhizobial species of Leucaena leucocephala, TAL 1145. Therefore, we suggest that it may be appropriate either to separate R. tropici types IIA and IIB into two different species or to identify TAC 1145 to the species level as a third type of R. tropici. C1 UNIV SAO PAULO, CTR ENGN NUCL AGR, BR-13400 PIRACICABA, SP, BRAZIL. RP VANBERKUM, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB, HH-19, BLDG 011, BARC-W, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 60 IS 2 BP 554 EP 561 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MU322 UT WOS:A1994MU32200025 PM 8135515 ER PT J AU RUTTIMANNJOHNSON, C CULLEN, D LAMAR, RT AF RUTTIMANNJOHNSON, C CULLEN, D LAMAR, RT TI MANGANESE PEROXIDASES OF THE WHITE-ROT FUNGUS PHANEROCHAETE SORDIDA SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGNINOLYTIC ENZYMES; DEPENDENT PEROXIDASE; CONTAMINATED SOIL; PHLEBIA-RADIATA; MN-PEROXIDASE; CHRYSOSPORIUM; DEGRADATION; LACCASE; SEQUENCE; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL AB The ligninolytic enzymes produced by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida in liquid culture were studied. Only manganese peroxidase (MnP) activity could be detected in the supernatant liquid of the cultures. Lignin peroxidase (LiP) and laccase activities were not detected under a variety of different culture conditions. The highest MnP activity levels were obtained in nitrogen-limited cultures grown under an oxygen atmosphere. The enzyme was induced by Mn(II). The initial pH of the culture medium did not significantly affect the MnP production. Three MnP isozymes were identified (MnPI, MnPII, and MnPIII) and purified to homogeneity by anion-exchange chromatography followed by hydrophobic chromatography. The isozymes are glycoproteins with approximately the same molecular mass (around 45 kDa) but have different pIs. The pIs are 5.3, 4.2, and 3.3 for MnPI, MnPII, and MnPIII, respectively. The three isozymes are active in the same range of pHs (pHs 3.0 to 6.0) and have optimal pHs between 4.5 and 5.0. Their amino-terminal sequences, although highly similar, were distinct, suggesting that each is the product of a separate gene. RP US FOREST SERV, FOREST PROD LAB, INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL, 1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. NR 51 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 60 IS 2 BP 599 EP 605 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MU322 UT WOS:A1994MU32200032 PM 8135519 ER PT J AU MULBRY, WW AF MULBRY, WW TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN INDUCIBLE S-TRIAZINE HYDROLASE FROM RHODOCOCCUS-CORALLINUS NRRL B-15444R SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEGRADATION; DEETHYLSIMAZINE; DECHLORINATION; PROTEIN; CLONING AB The widespread use and relative persistence of s-triazine compounds such as atrazine and simazine have led to increasing concern about environmental contamination by these compounds. Few microbial isolates capable of transforming substituted s-triazines have been identified. Rhodococcus corallinus NRRL B-15444 has previously been shown to possess a hydrolase activity that is responsible for the dechlorination of the triazine compounds deethylsimazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) (CEAT) and deethylatrazine (6-chloro-N-isopropyl-1-,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) (CIAT). The enzyme responsible for this activity was purified and shown to be composed of four identical subunits of 54,000 Da. Kinetic experiments revealed that the purified enzyme is also capable of deaminating the structurally related s-triazine compounds melamine (2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine) (AAAT) and CAAT (2-chloro-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine), as well as the pyrimidine compounds 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (AAAP) and 4-chloro-2,6-diaminopyrimidine (CAAP). The triazine herbicides atrazine and simazine inhibit the hydrolytic activities of the enzyme but are not substrates. Induction experiments demonstrate that triazine hydrolytic activity is inducible and that this activity rises approximately 20-fold during induction. RP MULBRY, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BLDG 050,RM 100,BARC-W,10300 BALITIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 60 IS 2 BP 613 EP 618 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MU322 UT WOS:A1994MU32200034 PM 16349190 ER PT J AU OLSEN, P WRIGHT, S COLLINS, M RICE, W AF OLSEN, P WRIGHT, S COLLINS, M RICE, W TI PATTERNS OF REACTIVITY BETWEEN A PANEL OF MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AND FORAGE RHIZOBIUM STRAINS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; IDENTIFICATION; MELILOTI; COMPETITION; INOCULANTS; ANTIGENS; TRIFOLII; ELISA; CELLS AB A panel of 11 monoclonal antibodies raised against vegetative cells of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii or Rhizobium meliloti was tested by enzyme-inked immunosorbent assay for reactivity with 47 strains of R. leguminosarum biovar trifolii and 60 strains of R. meliloti. The goal of the study was to define the degree of specificity associated with each antibody and to gain an understanding of the amount of antigenic diversity found among the strains and between the species. Each antibody was tested against each Rhizobium strain in four forms: washed steamed cells, washed unsteamed cells, cell-free culture broth, and nodule squash material. Each antibody showed a different pattern of reactivity among the 107 strains. One of each of the antibodies developed against R. meliloti and R. leguminosarum biovar trifolii reacted in a highly specific manner with cells or antigen from the immunogenic strain only. Nine of the antibodies recognized secreted as well as cellular antigen from many of the strains. Analysis of patterns of reactivity between the 107 strains and the 11 antibodies separated the strains into 28 groups of which 12 were represented by one strain only. C1 USDA ARS,BECKLEY,WV. RP OLSEN, P (reprint author), AGR CANADA,RES STN,BOX 29,BEAVERLODGE T0H OCO,AB,CANADA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 60 IS 2 BP 654 EP 661 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MU322 UT WOS:A1994MU32200039 PM 16349192 ER PT J AU BULL, CT ISHIMARU, CA LOPER, JE AF BULL, CT ISHIMARU, CA LOPER, JE TI 2 GENOMIC REGIONS INVOLVED IN CATECHOL SIDEROPHORE PRODUCTION BY ERWINIA-CAROTOVORA SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA; SOFT ROT ERWINIAS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IRON TRANSPORT; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SUBSP CAROTOVORA; BACTERIOPHAGE-MU; PLANT-GROWTH; ENTEROBACTIN; SYSTEM AB Two regions involved in catechol biosynthesis (cbs) of Erwinia carotovora W3C105 were cloned by functional complementation of Escherichia coli mutants that were deficient in the biosynthesis of the catechol siderophore enterobactin (ent). A 4.3-kb region of genomic DNA of E. carotovora complemented the entB402 mutation of E. coli. A second genomic region of 12.8 kb complemented enfD, entC147, entE405, and entA403 mutations of E. coli. Although functions encoded by catechol biosynthesis genes (cbsA, cbsB, cbsC, cbsD, and cbsE) of E. carotovora were interchangeable with those encoded by corresponding enterobactin biosynthesis genes (entA, entB, entC, entD, and entE), only cbsE hybridized to its functional counterpart (entE) in E. coli. The cbsEA region of E. carotovora W3C105 hybridized to genomic DNA of 21 diverse strains of E. carotovora but did not hybridize to that of a chrysobactin-producing strain of Erwinia chrysanthemi. Strains of E. carotovora fell into nine groups on the basis of sizes of restriction fragments that hybridized to the cbsEA region, indicating that catechol biosynthesis genes were highly polymorphic among strains of E. carotovora. C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & WEED SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 60 IS 2 BP 662 EP 669 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MU322 UT WOS:A1994MU32200040 PM 16349193 ER PT J AU JENSEN, KA EVANS, KMC KIRK, TK HAMMEL, KE AF JENSEN, KA EVANS, KMC KIRK, TK HAMMEL, KE TI BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY FOR VERATRYL ALCOHOL IN THE LIGNINOLYTIC FUNGUS PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE ROT BASIDIOMYCETE; MANGANESE PEROXIDASE; OXALIC-ACID; DEGRADATION; LIGNINASE; OXIDATION; METABOLISM; COMPOUND AB Veratryl alcohol (VA) is a secondary metabolite of white-rot fungi that produce the ligninolytic enzyme lignin peroxidase. VA stabilizes lignin peroxidase, promotes the ability of this enzyme to oxidize a variety of physiological substrates, and is accordingly thought to play a significant role in fungal ligninolysis. Pulse-labeling and isotope-trapping experiments have now clarified the pathway for VA biosynthesis in the white-rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The pulse-labeling data, obtained with C-14-labeled phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, and benzaldehyde, showed that radiocarbon labeling followed a reproducible sequence: it peaked first in cinnamate, then in benzoate and benzaldehyde, and finally in VA. Phenylalanine, cinnamate, benzoate, and benzaldehyde were all efficient precursors of VA in vivo. The isotope-trapping experiments sho,ved that exogenous, unlabeled benzoate and benzaldehyde were effective traps of phenylalanine-derived C-14. These results support a pathway in which VA biosynthesis proceeds as follows: phenylalanine --> cinnamate --> benzoate and/or benzaldehyde --> VA. C1 USDA, FOREST PROD LAB, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847 NR 34 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 60 IS 2 BP 709 EP 714 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MU322 UT WOS:A1994MU32200047 PM 16349197 ER PT J AU PRESCOTT, ML HAVSTAD, KM OLSONRUTZ, KM AYERS, EL PETERSEN, MK AF PRESCOTT, ML HAVSTAD, KM OLSONRUTZ, KM AYERS, EL PETERSEN, MK TI GRAZING BEHAVIOR OF FREE-RANGING BEEF-COWS TO INITIAL AND PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO FLUCTUATING THERMAL ENVIRONMENTS SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; GRAZING; FEEDING; THERMOREGULATORY BEHAVIOR ID FORAGE INTAKE; WINTER; RESPONSES; FEED AB Effects of initial and prolonged exposure to cold ambient temperatures on the behaviors of free-ranging beef cows were examined over a fall and winter season. Mean daily temperature (MDT) and short-term thermal stress (STTS) were used to express thermal stressors. Short-term thermal stress was defined as the deviation of the current day's mean temperature from a running mean temperature of previous days (an acclimation period). Twenty different acclimation periods (calculated using temperatures from the previous 120 days) were used to express 20 different acclimation lengths for determining STTS. Daily grazing time and forage intake were estimated for 15, 6-year-old gestating cows during January and February (winter trial), and for 12 of these cows during October and November (fall trial). In the winter, daily grazing time increased with increased ambient temperature and decreased with increased thermal stress (P<0.10). Observed fluctuations in winter daily grazing time in relation to thermal stress were less than 84 min day-1. Daily grazing time was lower in the fall than winter. Cattle acclimated more quickly to STTS in the winter than in the fall. However, forage intake was consistent during both seasons and unresponsive to thermal stress. The thermal environment in these northern latitudes appeared to be only a minor influence upon grazing behaviors. It is likely that forage quality and availability, and accessibility of sites with moderate microclimates are more important environmental features effecting daily intake and total grazing time. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. NMSU,DEPT 3JER,USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPTL RANGE,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. NMSU,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 39 IS 2 BP 103 EP 113 DI 10.1016/0168-1591(94)90130-9 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA ND128 UT WOS:A1994ND12800001 ER PT J AU PFEIL, RM VENKAT, JA PLIMMER, JR SHAM, S DAVIS, K NAIR, PP AF PFEIL, RM VENKAT, JA PLIMMER, JR SHAM, S DAVIS, K NAIR, PP TI QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY USING A BIOLOGICAL INDICATOR - SOME PRELIMINARY-OBSERVATIONS SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOS CHROMOTEST; GENOTOXICITY; PESTICIDES; WATER AB The genotoxicity of groundwater was evaluated, using a novel application of the SOS microplate assay (SOSMA), Organic residues were extracted from groundwater samples from Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware by using C-18 bonded silica solid phase extraction tubes. Total organic carbon content (TOC) of water samples was also determined. The genotoxicity of the extracts was determined by the SOSMA. Relative activity (RA) as determined by the SOSMA is a quantitative measure of genotoxicity based on a comparison-to the activity of the mutagen, 4-nitroquinoline oxide. Low levels of RA (about 2 x background) were detected in waters from sites within these states. There was considerable temporal and spatial variation in the observed RA, but no definite patterns were observed in the variation. Between sampling sites there was a positive correlation between RA and TOC; however, this relationship appeared to be reversed occasionally within a sampling site. The extraction and bioassay methods provide an easy and relatively inexpensive means of determining water quality. C1 US PATENT OFF,ARLINGTON,VA 22202. ABC LABS,COLUMBIA,MO 65205. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,INST INT HLTH,CTR HUMAN NUTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOCHEM,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP PFEIL, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC W,INST NAT RESOURCES,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BLDG 007,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 26 IS 2 BP 201 EP 207 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA MP652 UT WOS:A1994MP65200010 PM 8311511 ER PT J AU BUSBEE, DL ZIPRIN, RL AF BUSBEE, DL ZIPRIN, RL TI GASTROINTESTINAL UPTAKE AND VASCULAR TRANSPORT OF 2,4'-DICHLOROBIPHENYL SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PCBS; HALOGENATED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; VASCULAR TRANSPORT ID DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; BENZOPYRENE UPTAKE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; MORTALITY; MECHANISM; EXPOSURE; TOXICITY; LYMPH; PCBS AB Absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and subsequent vascular transport of [H-3]-2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl (Aroclor 1232; DCB) was investigated in an ovine model system. Rapid uptake of DCB and transport as a component of blood plasma without prior occurrence in thoracic duct lymph indicates that DCB was absorbed directly via the gastric mucosa with water soluble compounds. [H-3]-DCB did not circulate associated with plasma lipid fractions in vivo, and did not bind to or sequester within plasma lipids in vitro. HPLC analysis of plasma fractions treated in vitro showed DCB to elute within a molecular weight range consistent with unbound product. Further, [H-3]-DCB-derived label was associated with low molecular weight plasma components in vivo. Essentially the same elution profile was seen for [H-3]-DCB-derived label found in urine. Metabolism of DCB as a function of time resulted in the apparent formation of a biotransformed product(s) that circulated with a plasma fraction(s) at the low end of the albumin molecular size range. These data suggest that DCB was not absorbed and transported in a manner typical of polychlorinated biphenyls with a higher chlorine content; rather, that it was absorbed, transported within the vascular system, and excreted in a pattern typical of a water soluble compound. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. US ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT LAB,COLL STN,TX 77841. RP BUSBEE, DL (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT ANAT & PUBL HLTH,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL31973]; NIA NIH HHS [AG07739] NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-5761 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 68 IS 2 BP 96 EP 102 DI 10.1007/s002040050041 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA MY310 UT WOS:A1994MY31000005 PM 8179488 ER PT J AU MCPHERON, BA GASPARICH, GE HAN, HY STECK, GJ SHEPPARD, WS AF MCPHERON, BA GASPARICH, GE HAN, HY STECK, GJ SHEPPARD, WS TI MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA RESTRICTION MAP FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT PLY, CERATITIS-CAPITATA SO BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE CERATITIS CAPITATA; MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; MAPPING; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM AB Molecular genetic research on the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, will provide tools to permit determination of source populations for new pest infestations. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of mitochondrial DNA provides some interpopulation discrimination. A restriction map, including the informative variable EcoRV and XbaI restriction sites, is constructed for the Mediterranean fruit fly, and several restriction sites are associated with specific gene regions based on polymerase chain reaction-RFLP and sequence analyses. A partial sequence of the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene is reported. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,INST MOLEC EVOLUT GENET,UNIV PK,PA 16802. USDA ARS,BEE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. FLORIDA DEPT AGR & CONSUMER SERV,DIV PLANT IND,GAINESVILLE,FL 32614. RP MCPHERON, BA (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,501 AGR SCI & IND BLDG,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. OI McPheron, Bruce/0000-0001-9623-5100 NR 13 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0006-2928 J9 BIOCHEM GENET JI Biochem. Genet. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 32 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1007/BF00557236 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA NH258 UT WOS:A1994NH25800003 PM 8031292 ER PT J AU BERLIN, E HANNAH, J YAMANE, K HOWARD, BV AF BERLIN, E HANNAH, J YAMANE, K HOWARD, BV TI CELLULAR FATTY-ACIDS MODULATE MEMBRANE FLUIDITY AND LDL BINDING SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. MEDLANT RES INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 66 IS 2 BP A125 EP A125 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA MU462 UT WOS:A1994MU46200726 ER PT J AU KUMOSINSKI, TF COOKE, PH KING, G FARRELL, HM AF KUMOSINSKI, TF COOKE, PH KING, G FARRELL, HM TI VALIDATION OF ENERGY MINIMIZED PREDICTED MODELS FOR CASEIN SUBMICELLES WITH ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY, FTIR AND SMALL-ANGLE X-RAY-SCATTERING SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 66 IS 2 BP A295 EP A295 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA MU462 UT WOS:A1994MU46201713 ER PT J AU METZGER, SU KONG, Y ZHANG, L PAKRASI, HB WHITMARSH, J AF METZGER, SU KONG, Y ZHANG, L PAKRASI, HB WHITMARSH, J TI ELECTRON-TRANSFER FROM CYTOCHROME-F TO P700 IN THE CYANOBACTERIUM SYNECHOCYSTIS - STUDIES IN WILD-TYPE AND MUTANT STRAINS LACKING THE INTERMEDIATE ELECTRON CARRIERS PLASTOCYANIN AND CYTOCHROME-C553 SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,URBANA,IL. WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. RI Kong, Yong/B-5105-2014 OI Kong, Yong/0000-0002-2881-5274 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 66 IS 2 BP A227 EP A227 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA MU462 UT WOS:A1994MU46201323 ER PT J AU RUSLING, JF NASSAR, AEF ZHANG, Z KUMOSINSKI, TF AF RUSLING, JF NASSAR, AEF ZHANG, Z KUMOSINSKI, TF TI ELECTRON-TRANSFER DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE OF SELF-ASSEMBLED MYOGLOBIN-SURFACTANT FILMS SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT CHEM,STORRS,CT 06269. USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,WYNDMOOR,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 66 IS 2 BP A60 EP A60 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA MU462 UT WOS:A1994MU46200343 ER PT J AU TU, SI PATTERSON, D BRAUER, D HSU, AF AF TU, SI PATTERSON, D BRAUER, D HSU, AF TI POLYLYSINE BINDING INHIBITS THE PROTON-PUMPING OF PLANT TONOPLAST H+-ATPASE SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 66 IS 2 BP A389 EP A389 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA MU462 UT WOS:A1994MU46202259 ER PT J AU UNRUH, JJ FARRELL, HM KUMOSINSKI, TF AF UNRUH, JJ FARRELL, HM KUMOSINSKI, TF TI REEVALUATION OF AMIDE-I BAND ASSIGNMENTS OF FTIR OF PROTEINS FOR GLOBAL SECONDARY STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 66 IS 2 BP A374 EP A374 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA MU462 UT WOS:A1994MU46202172 ER PT J AU JANSSEN, GG HAAS, MJ AF JANSSEN, GG HAAS, MJ TI LIPASE-CATALYZED SYNTHESIS OF OLEIC-ACID ESTERS OF POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL-400 SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; ENZYMATIC CATALYSIS AB Quantitative esterification of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 using oleic acid and Lipozyme was achieved in hexane. The effects of temperature, nature of acyl donor, substrate ratio, enzyme quantity and reaction time upon PEG esterification were examined. Nearly selective production of either PEG monooleate or PEG dioleate was achieved. Lipozyme was still 80% active after five reaction cycles. RP JANSSEN, GG (reprint author), US ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 16 IS 2 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.1007/BF01021665 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA MZ998 UT WOS:A1994MZ99800011 ER PT J AU AMARTEY, S JEFFRIES, TW AF AMARTEY, S JEFFRIES, TW TI COMPARISON OF CORN STEEP LIQUOR WITH OTHER NUTRIENTS IN THE FERMENTATION OF D-XYLOSE BY PICHIA-STIPITIS CBS-6054 SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CANDIDA-SHEHATAE; PACHYSOLEN-TANNOPHILUS; ETHANOL; YEASTS AB Pichia stipitis CBS 6054 ferments D-Xylose to ethanol in a medium containing corn steep liquor as the only source of nitrogen, amino acids, vitamins and other nutrients. The ethanol yield and fermentation rate compare favorably to those obtained with media containing more expensive sources of nitrogen, vitamins and amino acids. Corn steep liquor is a good source of nutrients that can support growth and fermentation activity of this xylose fermenting yeast. RP AMARTEY, S (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 16 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 6 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 16 IS 2 BP 211 EP 214 DI 10.1007/BF01021673 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA MZ998 UT WOS:A1994MZ99800020 ER PT J AU SALAMONE, LM KRALL, EA HARRIS, S DAWSONHUGHES, B AF SALAMONE, LM KRALL, EA HARRIS, S DAWSONHUGHES, B TI COMPARISON OF BROAD-BAND ULTRASOUND ATTENUATION TO SINGLE X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY MEASUREMENTS AT THE CALCANEUS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE CALCANEUS; ULTRASOUND; BONE MINERAL DENSITY; PRECISION ID OS CALCIS; BONE MASS; OSTEOPOROSIS; SPINE AB Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), a radiation-free and portable technology, may be useful in assessing bone density and fracture risk. In this study, we compared cross-sectional BUA measurements to the more established single energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) at the calcaneus in 259 healthy postmenopausal women, aged 45-76 years. Paired measurements with repositioning of the subject's dominant heel were made consecutively by each method. A coefficient of variation (CV) for each method was calculated for each individual from the paired scans. BUA and BMD of the heel were also compared with BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck, as measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. BUA was significantly correlated with BMD at the calcaneus (r = 0.66, P < 0.01). Heel BUA was also correlated with lumbar spine BMD (r = 0.43, P < 0.01) and femoral neck BMD (r = 0.43, P < 0.01) but the correlations were lower than those between heel BMD and spine (r = 0.63, P < 0.01) or femoral neck BMD (r = 0.62, P < 0.01). The mean CV for heel BUA (3.60 +/- 3.50%) was significantly greater than that for heel BMD (1.06 +/- 0.99%, P < 0.01). The moderate correlation of calcaneal BUA and BMD, the lower correlations of BUA than heel BMD with both spine and hip BMD, and lower precision of BUA indicate BUA does not predict bone density as effectively as absorptiometry, the current standard methodology. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,CALCIUM & BONE METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 22 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0171-967X J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 54 IS 2 BP 87 EP 90 DI 10.1007/BF00296056 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA MT402 UT WOS:A1994MT40200002 PM 8012876 ER PT J AU PARROTTA, JA BAKER, DD FRIED, M AF PARROTTA, JA BAKER, DD FRIED, M TI APPLICATION OF N-15-ENRICHMENT METHODOLOGIES TO ESTIMATE NITROGEN-FIXATION IN CASUARINA-EQUISETIFOLIA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID N-15; PLANTATIONS; EUCALYPTUS; ALBIZIA; HAWAII; TREES AB The N-15-enrichment technique for estimating biological nitrogen fixation in Casuarina equisetifolia J.R. and G. Forst. was evaluated under field conditions in single-species and mixed-species plantings (with a nonfixing reference species, Eucalyptus Xrobusta J.E. Smith) between ages 6 and 24 months in Puerto Rico. Trenched and untrenched quadrats within the plantations were labelled at 6-month intervals with N-15-enriched ammonium sulfate at a rate of 0.2 g N-15.m(-2).year(-1) (2.0 g N.m(-2).year(-1)). Analyses of foliar and whole-tree (weighted average) N-isotope ratios, based on periodic nondestructive and whole tree harvests, were used to estimate the proportion of nitrogen derived from biological dinitrogen fixation (PNDFA) and total nitrogen derived from fixation (TNDFA) in Casuarina. These results were compared with those obtained using the nitrogen difference method. The N-15-enrichment technique yielded consistent estimates of biological nitrogen fixation in Casuarina when either foliar or whole-tree N-isotopic data were used to calculate PNDFA and TNDFA. Estimates of PNDFA in Casuarina were similar for trenched monoculture and mixed-species quadrats, and in trenched and untrenched quadrats where the reference species (Eucalyptus) was interplanted with the N-fixing species. However, the results indicate that eucalyptus grown in small, untrenched monoculture quadrats is an inappropriate reference for estimating PNDFA in Casuarina. During the first 2 years after plantation establishment, Casuarina obtained from 48 to 67% of its nitrogen from the atmosphere based on foliar and whole-tree sampling. This amounted to between 82 and 94 kg.ha(-1).year(-1) in the monoculture treatment and between 39 and 62 kg.ha(-1).year(-1) in the mixed stands with Eucalyptus. These results also were in close agreement with estimates made using an N-difference method. C1 YALE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & ENVIRONM STUDIES,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. NATL RES COUNCIL,WASHINGTON,DC 20418. RP PARROTTA, JA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,CALL BOX 25000,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA. NR 15 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 24 IS 2 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1139/x94-030 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ND496 UT WOS:A1994ND49600001 ER PT J AU CARTER, DR CUBBAGE, FW AF CARTER, DR CUBBAGE, FW TI TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AND INDUSTRY EVOLUTION IN SOUTHERN US PULPWOOD HARVESTING SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FRONTIER PRODUCTION FUNCTION; UNITED-STATES; TECHNOLOGY; COST AB This research measures technical efficiency among methods of pulpwood harvesting in the southern United States in 1979 and 1987. An econometric frontier production function is modeled using analysis of covariance methods, which results in consistent estimates of method effects. Employed efficiency measures isolate economies of scale from what can be termed pure technical efficiency. Harvesting methods utilizing either extremely low or high capitalization levels were the most technically efficient. Longwood grapple skidder systems were the most efficient, and intermediate systems least efficient. This suggests a noncontinuous improvement in harvesting technology that has investment implications for small producers interested in upgrading low capitalization systems. Scale economies represented only a small percentage of the total efficiency effect, the rest being attributed to efficiency of method. Thus, too much emphasis may be placed on the impacts of scale economies when analyzing structural change in the industry. Efficiency measures correlate well with the observed evolution of the industry over the period and conform with the predictions of economic theory. C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP CARTER, DR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES & CONSERVAT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 24 IS 2 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1139/x94-032 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ND496 UT WOS:A1994ND49600003 ER PT J AU THIES, WG NELSON, EE ZABOWSKI, D AF THIES, WG NELSON, EE ZABOWSKI, D TI REMOVAL OF STUMPS FROM A PHELLINUS-WEIRII INFESTED SITE AND FERTILIZATION AFFECT MORTALITY AND GROWTH OF PLANTED DOUGLAS-FIR SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ROOT-ROT; SOIL; PONDEROSA AB A 2 X 4 set of factorial treatments of stump removal in combination with nitrogen fertilization was applied to 0.04-ha circular plots within a clearcut on the west slope of the Cascade Range (44 degrees 21'N, 122 degrees 39'W). Treatments included stump removal (either all stumps removed or the plot left undisturbed) and broadcast fertilization with ammonium nitrate (0, 336, 672, or 1345 kg N.ha(-1)). Diameter at breast height and height of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France) seedlings, planted 4 months after treatment, were recorded five and nine seasons after outplanting. Soil bulk density in the upper 20 cm was measured with a single-probe neutron densimeter. Stump removal reduced the number of seedlings killed by laminated root rot (Phellinus weirii (Murr.) Gilb.) but had no significant effect on seedling growth. Stump removal increased soil bulk density only 7% as measured 9.7 years after treatment. Fertilization increased the growth in diameter at breast height, and height growth of the seedlings. Elevated total soil nitrogen could still be detected on fertilized, nonstumped plots 9.7 years after treatment. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. RP THIES, WG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 24 IS 2 BP 234 EP 239 DI 10.1139/x94-034 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ND496 UT WOS:A1994ND49600005 ER PT J AU VANHEES, WWS HOLSTEN, EH AF VANHEES, WWS HOLSTEN, EH TI AN EVALUATION OF SELECTED SPRUCE BARK BEETLE INFESTATION DYNAMICS USING POINT IN TIME EXTENSIVE FOREST INVENTORY DATA, KENAI PENINSULA, ALASKA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ATTACK AB Forest inventory data collected in 1987 from the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, were used to explore whether or not such data can be used to evaluate dynamics of a spruce bark beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby)) infestation there. The utility of the inventory data as an evaluation tool is shown by performing analyses equivalent to those performed by other researchers in smaller scale studies conducted on the Kenai Peninsula and comparing results. Analyses showed that extensive forest inventory data can be used to estimate areas of infestation and to establish relations among tree diameter, recent radial growth, tree stocking, state of beetle attack, and stage of infestation. Understanding of spruce bark beetle infestation dynamics on broad, regional scales, can be achieved while also obtaining extensive forest inventory data. C1 US FOREST SERV,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501. RP VANHEES, WWS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501, USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 24 IS 2 BP 246 EP 251 DI 10.1139/x94-036 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ND496 UT WOS:A1994ND49600007 ER PT J AU ZASADA, JC TAPPEINER, JC MAXWELL, BD RADWAN, MA AF ZASADA, JC TAPPEINER, JC MAXWELL, BD RADWAN, MA TI SEASONAL-CHANGES IN SHOOT AND ROOT PRODUCTION AND IN CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT OF SALMONBERRY (RUBUS-SPECTABILIS) RHIZOME SEGMENTS FROM THE CENTRAL OREGON COAST RANGES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SWEET CHERRY AB An extensive rhizome system is an important aspect of the morphology and architecture of salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis Pursh) and of its potential for regrowth following disturbance. Seasonal activity of the rhizome system was studied by collecting rhizome segments monthly from February through October 1988 and February 1989 from four sites. Total nonstructural carbohydrate content was determined and segments were incubated in a growth chamber to determine periodicity of shoot and root production. The number and dry weight of shoots peaked in February and March, declined from April through June when aboveground shoot growth was greatest and were generally low through the dry summer months. Root production was highest from August through October and generally lower the rest of the year. Total nonstructural carbohydrate content was highest during the dormant season and dropped to the lowest level in midsummer. Shoot production was more closely associated with total nonstructural carbohydrate content than was root production. The significant reduction in shoot production potential suggests a time in the annual growth cycle when the species capacity for regrowth following disturbance is at a relatively low level. C1 US FOREST SERV, PACIFIC NW RES STN, FORESTRY SCI LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT FOREST SCI, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT FOREST SCI, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. US FOREST SERV, FORESTRY SCI LAB, OLYMPIA, WA 98502 USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 24 IS 2 BP 272 EP 277 DI 10.1139/x94-039 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ND496 UT WOS:A1994ND49600010 ER PT J AU FERRELL, GT OTROSINA, WJ DEMARS, CJ AF FERRELL, GT OTROSINA, WJ DEMARS, CJ TI PREDICTING SUSCEPTIBILITY OF WHITE FIR DURING A DROUGHT-ASSOCIATED OUTBREAK OF THE FIR ENGRAVER, SCOLYTUS-VENTRALIS, IN CALIFORNIA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID AREA AB Phenotypic traits were compared with a vigor (growth efficiency) index for accuracy in predicting susceptibility of white fir, Abies concolor (Cord. and Glend.) Lindl., during a drought-associated outbreak of the fir engraver, Scolytus ventralis LeC., in the central Sierra Nevada at Lake Tahoe, California. Predictor variables were estimated for 633 firs in six forest stands in 1987. After 2 years, virtually all of the trees had been attacked by the beetle, and 230 (36.3%) had been killed or were dying. In all of the predictor variables, firs that were killed differed significantly from those that survived. Compared with survivors, firs that died averaged shorter, more ragged crowns and lower growth efficiencies. Also, firs that died were more frequently dominant or codominant in the stand canopy and, when characterized in 1987, more often evidenced signs of being under current or recent (in 1985 or 1986) attack by the beetles. But, on either an individual tree or a stand basis, predictive accuracy was inadequate. On an individual tree basis, discriminant functions using either the phenotypic traits or vigor index as predictors produced overall percentages of correct classification little or no higher than would be obtained by predicting all trees would survive. On a stand basis, regression models using stand means for either the phenotypic traits or vigor index and white fir basal area as predictors statistically accounted for at least 95% of observed variation in basal area of white fir killed. But another model, using only white fir basal area, performed as well. The ''best'' model, containing white fir basal area and total stand basal area, accounted for over 98% of observed variation. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,BERKELEY,CA 94701. RP FERRELL, GT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,2400 WASHINGTON AVE,REDDING,CA 96001, USA. NR 8 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 24 IS 2 BP 302 EP 305 DI 10.1139/x94-043 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ND496 UT WOS:A1994ND49600014 ER PT J AU KLEMPERER, WD CATHCART, JF HARING, T ALIG, RJ AF KLEMPERER, WD CATHCART, JF HARING, T ALIG, RJ TI RISK AND THE DISCOUNT RATE IN FORESTRY SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; TIMBER; INVESTMENTS; ECONOMICS; PRICES AB One of the most common ways to account for investment risk is to add a risk premium to the risk-free discount rate when computing present values of expected revenues which are uncertain. Using certainty-equivalent analysis, we show that the correct risk premium for short-term investments can easily be in the commonly used 7-percentage-point range. But for such risk premiums to be appropriate for long-term forestry investments, the necessary certainty-equivalent conditions often seem to be unreasonably restrictive. Results suggest that the appropriate risk premium may decline with lengthening payoff period for many forest investments. Limited empirical data provide tentative support, but more research is needed to resolve the issue. We review policy implications and suggest areas for further research. C1 US BUR INDIAN AFFAIRS,PORTLAND,OR 97232. US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP KLEMPERER, WD (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 24 IS 2 BP 390 EP 397 DI 10.1139/x94-052 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ND496 UT WOS:A1994ND49600023 ER PT J AU KNOWE, SA FOSTER, GS ROUSSEAU, RJ NANCE, WL AF KNOWE, SA FOSTER, GS ROUSSEAU, RJ NANCE, WL TI EASTERN COTTONWOOD CLONAL MIXING STUDY - PREDICTED DIAMETER DISTRIBUTIONS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; STAND TABLES; DOUGLAS-FIR; GROWTH; YIELD; PLANTATIONS; COMPETITION; MODELS AB A parameter recovery procedure for the Weibull distribution function was modified to incorporate monocultures and mixtures of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) clones planted in Mississippi and Kentucky. Components of the system included functions to predict stand-level basal area and four percentiles (0th, 25th, 50th, and 95th) of the cumulative diameter distribution. Basal area was predicted as a function of surviving number of trees, dominant height, age, planting location, and the proportion of each clone planted. Clonal proportions, which accounted for 3.6% of the variation in observed basal area, were more important than differences in planting locations, which accounted for 3.0% of the variation. Interactions between clones in mixtures were not significant (p = 0.5676), but some cases of both over- and under-compensation appeared to be developing. Percentiles of the cumulative diameter distribution were predicted as functions of quadratic mean diameter, and therefore included indirect effects of both genetic and planting site differences. Only the minimum diameter (D-0) was directly affected by porportions of clones planted. Most of the monocultures and mixtures of clones had smaller minimum diameters than expected for a given value of quadratic mean diameter. The predicted quadratic mean diameter and percentiles were used to recover parameters of the Weibull distribution such that the predicted diameter distribution has the same quadratic mean diameter as obtained from the stand basal area model. The predicted distributions indicated that a common stand-level model was not sufficient for accounting for variations in diameter distributions of eastern cottonwood clones. As a result of the differences in diameter distributions, monocultures and mixtures of the Texas clones appeared to have less volume and greater stand variance than the Mississippi clones. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,NORMAL,AL 35762. WESTVACO CORP,WICKLIFFE,KY 42087. US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,GULFPORT,MS 39505. RP KNOWE, SA (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL FORESTRY,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 24 IS 2 BP 405 EP 414 DI 10.1139/x94-054 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ND496 UT WOS:A1994ND49600025 ER PT J AU NELSON, CD NANCE, WL WAGNER, DB AF NELSON, CD NANCE, WL WAGNER, DB TI CHLOROPLAST DNA VARIATION AMONG AND WITHIN TAXONOMIC VARIETIES OF PINUS-CARIBAEA AND PINUS-ELLIOTTII SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note ID INHERITANCE AB Chloroplast DNA BamHI restriction fragments were studied in Pinus elliottii Engelm. var, elliottii (11 trees), P. elliottii var. densa (2 trees), the three taxonomic varieties of Pinus caribaea Morelet (39 trees), and Pinus oocarpa Schiede (9 trees). Polymorphism was detected within both P. elliottii varieties, but not within P. oocarpa. Each of the P. caribaea varieties was monomorphic, but the Cuban variety, P. caribaea var, caribaea, differed clearly from the Bahamian (P. caribaea var. bahamensis) and Honduran (P. caribaea var, hondurensis) varieties. Variety caribaea shared the most frequent chloroplast genotype of P. elliottii var. elliottii, while varieties bahamensis and hondurensis shared the second most frequent genotype of P. elliottii var. elliottii. The P. oocarpa chloroplast genotype was not found in other taxa of the present study, but was found previously in Pinus echinata Mill, and Pinus palustris Mill. The results of this study, taken together with other chloroplast data from subsection Australes, suggest a close relationship between P. caribaea and P. elliottii. This confirms previous morphological and biochemical evidence, but several discrepancies were apparent and are discussed. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT FORESTRY,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP NELSON, CD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXP STN,POB 2008,GULFPORT,MS 39505, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 24 IS 2 BP 424 EP 426 DI 10.1139/x94-057 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ND496 UT WOS:A1994ND49600028 ER PT J AU BRYAN, LA GAJADHAR, AA DUBEY, JP HAINES, DM AF BRYAN, LA GAJADHAR, AA DUBEY, JP HAINES, DM TI BOVINE NEONATAL ENCEPHALOMYELITIS ASSOCIATED WITH A NEOSPORA SP PROTOZOAN SO CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL-REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE LA English DT Note ID NEWBORN CALVES; DAIRY-CATTLE; INFECTION; ABORTION; MYELITIS; DOGS; CALF C1 UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,WESTERN COLL VET MED,DEPT VET MICROBIOL,SASKATOON S7N 0W0,SK,CANADA. ALBERTA DEPT AGR,DIV ANIM HLTH,AIRDRIE VET LAB,AIRDRIE T0M OB0,AB,CANADA. AGR CANADA,HLTH ANIM LAB,SASKATOON S7N OW0,SK,CANADA. USDA,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 16 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA ON K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0008-5286 J9 CAN VET J JI Can. Vet. J.-Rev. Vet. Can. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 35 IS 2 BP 111 EP 113 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MV463 UT WOS:A1994MV46300006 PM 8069820 ER PT J AU KAHLON, TS CHOW, FI SAYRE, RN AF KAHLON, TS CHOW, FI SAYRE, RN TI CHOLESTEROL-LOWERING PROPERTIES OF RICE BRAN SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Review ID PLASMA-LIPIDS; HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC ACTIVITY; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; DIETARY FIBER; WHEAT BRAN; OIL; RATS; ORYZANOL; HAMSTERS RP KAHLON, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,CEREAL PROD UTILIZAT RES UNIT,ALBANY,CA, USA. NR 40 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD FEB PY 1994 VL 39 IS 2 BP 99 EP 103 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA NA989 UT WOS:A1994NA98900004 ER PT J AU SONNET, PE OSMAN, SF GERARD, HC DUDLEY, RL AF SONNET, PE OSMAN, SF GERARD, HC DUDLEY, RL TI SYNTHESIS AND CONFIGURATION ANALYSIS OF 9,18-DIHYDROXYSTEARIC AND 10,18-DIHYDROXYSTEARIC ACID METHYL-ESTERS SO CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE CUTIN; DIHYDROXYSTEARIC ACIDS; HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; STEREOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS ID FATTY-ACIDS; RESOLUTION; HYDROXY AB The syntheses of 9,18- and 10,18-dihydroxystearic acid methyl esters, which are components of plant cutin, are described. Conversion of the primary alcohol group of these diols to a t-butyldimethylsilyl ether followed by reaction of the residual secondary alcohol group with (S)-(-)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylisocyanate produces diastereomeric carbamates that are resolved by silica gel high-performance liquid chromatography and whose configurations may be assigned by the H-1-NMR shift differences of the carbomethoxy and silylmethyl signals. RP SONNET, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,BIOCHEM & CHEM LIPIDS RES UNIT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0009-3084 J9 CHEM PHYS LIPIDS JI Chem. Phys. Lipids PD FEB PY 1994 VL 69 IS 2 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1016/0009-3084(94)90033-7 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA NA613 UT WOS:A1994NA61300003 ER PT J AU GHIRON, L THOMPSON, J HOFFMAN, A BUTTERFIELD, G HINTZ, R VANLOAN, M MARCUS, R AF GHIRON, L THOMPSON, J HOFFMAN, A BUTTERFIELD, G HINTZ, R VANLOAN, M MARCUS, R TI BODY-COMPOSITION AND FLUID CHANGES IN ELDERLY WOMEN ADMINISTERED INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 VET ADM MED CTR,GRECC,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. USDA,HUMAN NUTR LAB,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT MED,STANFORD,CA 94305. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,STANFORD,CA 94305. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 42 IS 1 BP A48 EP A48 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA MR214 UT WOS:A1994MR21400259 ER PT J AU GARBRECHT, J MARTZ, L AF GARBRECHT, J MARTZ, L TI GRID SIZE DEPENDENCY OF PARAMETERS EXTRACTED FROM DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Note ID DRAINAGE NETWORKS C1 UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,DEPT GEOG,SASKATOON S7N 0W0,SASKATCHEWAN,CANADA. RP GARBRECHT, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. RI Namikawa, Laercio/C-5559-2013 OI Namikawa, Laercio/0000-0001-7847-1804 NR 13 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 20 IS 1 BP 85 EP 87 DI 10.1016/0098-3004(94)90098-1 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA NH453 UT WOS:A1994NH45300009 ER PT J AU RALPH, CJ FANCY, SG AF RALPH, CJ FANCY, SG TI TIMING OF BREEDING AND MOLTING IN 6 SPECIES OF HAWAIIAN HONEYCREEPERS SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE BREEDING; MOLT; DREPANIDINAE; HAWAII; HIMATIONE-SANGUINEA; VESTIARIA-COCCINEA; HEMIGNATHUS-VIRENS; OREOMYSTIS-MANA; LOXOPS-COCCINEUS; HEMIGNATHUS-MUNROI ID COMMON AMAKIHI; ABUNDANCE; RESOURCES AB The timing of breeding and molting was studied in six species of Hawaiian honeycreepers with differing food habits on the Island of Hawaii. The availability of nectar was highly seasonal, whereas insect abundance was relatively constant throughout the year. All six species of honeycreeper had extended breeding and molting periods with peak breeding between April and July and peak molting in August. Breeding and molting periods for Apapane (Himatione sanguinea) and Iiwi (Vestiaria coccinea), two nectarivorous species, were shorter than those for the more insectivorous Common Amakihi (Hemignathus virens), Hawaii Creeper (Oreomystis mana), Akepa (Loxops coccineus), and Akiapolaau (Hemignathus munroi). Missing or growing flight feathers and either a brood patch or enlarged cloacal protuberance occurred simultaneously in only 3.2% of 2,786 adult birds examined. Although overlap of breeding and molting was rare, some individuals may have been able to allocate energy resources to both activities because of low clutch size, extended brooding of young, and a low rate of molting. C1 NATL BIOL SURVEY,HAWAII FIELD STN,HAWAII NATL PK,HI 96718. RP RALPH, CJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,REDWOOD SCI LAB,1700 BAYVIEW DR,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 34 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 14 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 1994 VL 96 IS 1 BP 151 EP 161 DI 10.2307/1369072 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA MZ189 UT WOS:A1994MZ18900015 ER PT J AU SOVERN, SG FORSMAN, ED BISWELL, BL ROLPH, DN TAYLOR, M AF SOVERN, SG FORSMAN, ED BISWELL, BL ROLPH, DN TAYLOR, M TI DIURNAL BEHAVIOR OF THE SPOTTED OWL IN WASHINGTON SO CONDOR LA English DT Note DE FORAGING; PREDATION; SPOTTED OWL; STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS; WASHINGTON RP SOVERN, SG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3200 SW JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 1994 VL 96 IS 1 BP 200 EP 202 DI 10.2307/1369078 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA MZ189 UT WOS:A1994MZ18900021 ER PT J AU PURI, SN BHOSLE, BB ILYAS, M BUTLER, GD HENNEBERRY, TJ AF PURI, SN BHOSLE, BB ILYAS, M BUTLER, GD HENNEBERRY, TJ TI DETERGENTS AND PLANT-DERIVED OILS FOR CONTROL OF THE SWEET-POTATO WHITEFLY ON COTTON SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE WHITEFLY; BEMISIA; COTTON; DETERGENTS; PLANT-DERIVED OILS ID BEMISIA-TABACI AB Four common detergent powders marketed in India, Nirma, Rin, Surf and Wheel, at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0%, applied to single cotton leaves reduced the number of adult sweetpotato whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) by 69-91% and nymphs by 97-99%. Treatments of 0.5 and 1.0% Nirma and Surf, as well as 1.0% Wheel, applied with a foot-operated sprayer to cotton reduced the number of nymphs to an extent equal to that of a 0.05% triazophos spray. Treatments of cottonseed oil and neem oil (Neemark) at 0.5 and 1.0% applied with a foot-operated sprayer were equal in effectiveness to a 0.05% fenpropathrin spray against both adults and nymphs. The time required for spraying and the amount of spray needed was compared using a standard wand [89 cm (35 inches)] with the nozzle at a 30 degree angle to the wand used both for 'over the top' (Heliothis) spraying and for spraying the undersides of the leaves, and a modified wand which was shortened to 36 cm (14 inches) with a nozzle tip at right angles to the wand. The short wand was easier to use for spraying the undersides of leaves of mature cotton plants and took no more spray material and only slightly longer than 'over the top' spraying. Results also confirmed that the undersurfaces of the leaves must be thoroughly wet with spray materials to obtain effective whitefly control. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. MARATHWADA AGR UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,PARBHANI 431402,MAHARASHTRA,INDIA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 13 IS 1 BP 45 EP 48 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(94)90135-X PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR019 UT WOS:A1994MR01900008 ER PT J AU BARRATT, BIP BYERS, RA BIERLEIN, DL AF BARRATT, BIP BYERS, RA BIERLEIN, DL TI CONSERVATION TILLAGE CROP YIELDS IN RELATION TO GRAY GARDEN SLUG [DEROCERAS-RETICULATUM (MULLER)] (MOLLUSCA, AGRIOLIMACIDAE) DENSITY DURING ESTABLISHMENT SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE MOLLUSCA; DEROCERAS RETICULATUM; NO-TILL; CROP YIELD AB Alfalfa, soybeans, maize, turnips and wheat crops established by conservation tillage, and that had been subjected to no slugs, medium or high densities of slugs Deroceras reticulatum (Muller) at sowing, were harvested. The crop yields were inversely related to slug density, and seedling damage and mortality during crop establishment. Alfalfa and wheat suffered high levels of seedling mortality and their yields were reduced by up to 80%. Soybean yields were reduced by 25-46% at the medium and high slug densities, which parallel plant survival after slug attack during establishment. Maize grain yield was reduced by similar to 32% at medium and high slug densities in 1989, but drought conditions in 1988 precluded a grain harvest and there was no reduction in total plant yields where slugs were present at establishment. Turnips, which suffered only minor losses from slugs during establishment, consequently showed no yield reductions at maturity. C1 USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RI Barratt, Barbara/A-4763-2008 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 13 IS 1 BP 49 EP 52 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(94)90136-8 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MR019 UT WOS:A1994MR01900009 ER PT J AU JACKSON, D VEIT, B HAKE, S AF JACKSON, D VEIT, B HAKE, S TI EXPRESSION OF MAIZE KNOTTED1 RELATED HOMEOBOX GENES IN THE SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM PREDICTS PATTERNS OF MORPHOGENESIS IN THE VEGETATIVE SHOOT SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE KNOTTED1; MERISTEM; HOMEOBOX; ZEA MAYS ID LEAVES; GENETICS; CELLS; FATE AB In this paper we describe the expression patterns of a family of homeobox genes in maize and their relationship to organogenic domains in the vegetative shoot apical meristem. These genes are related by sequence to KNOTTED1, a gene characterized by dominant neomorphic mutations which perturb specific aspects of maize leaf development. Four members of this gene family are expressed in shoot meristems and the developing stem, but not in determinate lateral organs such as leaves or floral organs. The genes show distinct expression patterns in the vegetative shoot apical meristem that together predict the site of leaf initiation and the basal limit of the vegetative 'phytomer' or segmentation unit of the shoot. These genes are also expressed in the inflorescence and floral meristems, where their patterns of expression are more similar, and they are not expressed in root apical meristems. These findings are discussed in relation to other studies of shoot apical meristem organization as well as possible commonality of homeobox gene function in the animal and plant kingdoms. RP JACKSON, D (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 51 TC 514 Z9 535 U1 1 U2 24 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4DL SN 0950-1991 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD FEB PY 1994 VL 120 IS 2 BP 405 EP 413 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA MW036 UT WOS:A1994MW03600016 ER PT J AU JIMENEZ, DR SHAPIRO, JP YOKOMI, RK AF JIMENEZ, DR SHAPIRO, JP YOKOMI, RK TI BIOTYPE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION OF DSRNA IN THE SWEET-POTATO WHITEFLY SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE BEMISIA TABACI; BIOTYPES; DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA; CUCURBITA; SQUASH SILVERLEAF ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; PHENOL-CHLOROFORM EXTRACTION; SINGLE-STEP METHOD; BEMISIA-TABACI; VIRUS; SQUASH; TRANSMISSION; SILVERLEAF; CUCURBITA; IDENTIFICATION AB This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two different biotypes of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), on the induction of squash silverleaf (SSL), and to determine if double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) occurs in geographically remote populations of the two biotypes. Recently collected B-biotype whiteflies from Florida, Arizona, Mississippi, and Texas (SPW-B) all contained a 7.0 kb dsRNA molecule. Kb dsRNA molecule. Laboratory colonies of A-biotype whiteflies that were originally collected in 1981 from cotton in Arizona and California did not contain the 7.0 Kb dsRNA. When the two biotypes were compared only the SPW-B induced rapid onset, grade 5, SSL. DsRNA similar to that found in adult SPW-B was concentrated in whitefly nymphs, but host plant leaf tissue did not contain any consistent dsRNA molecules. SPW-A only induced low-grade SSL and progeny of SPW-A that were fed on pumpkin plants displaying SSL did not acquire the ability to express dsRNA or induce SSL. Our data suggest that dsRNA is not directly involved in the induction of SSL and that S SL is a host-specific response to a feeding injury induced by B-biotype whiteflies. The origin and source of the 7.0 Kb dsRNA molecule remains enigmatic but its expression is constant in the whitefly biotype that is responsible for the induction of SSL and several other plant disorders in the U.S. RP JIMENEZ, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 70 IS 2 BP 143 EP 152 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MY035 UT WOS:A1994MY03500005 ER PT J AU MANNION, CM CARPENTER, JE GROSS, HR AF MANNION, CM CARPENTER, JE GROSS, HR TI POTENTIAL OF THE COMBINED USE OF INHERITED STERILITY AND A PARASITOID, ARCHYTAS-MARMORATUS (DIPTERA, TACHINIDAE), FOR MANAGING HELICOVERPA-ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CORN EARWORM; INHERITED STERILITY; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID CORN-EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA; TASSEL-STAGE CORN; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; LARVAL POPULATIONS; WHORL; SUPPRESSION; RADIATION; MALES AB The potential for combining inherited sterility with Archytas marmoratus (Townsend) (Diptera: Tachinidae) to manage the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), was examined in the laboratory and in the field. Larvae from crosses of irradiated males with normal females, irradiated females with normal males, and normal males with normal females were exposed to maggots of A. marmoratus in the laboratory and the field. Emergence of parasitoids from larvae of irradiated female and normal male crosses was significantly less than that of larvae from normal parents and of larvae from irradiated male and normal female crosses, but there were no differences between emergence from larvae from normal crosses and irradiated male by normal female crosses. Mortality of unparasitized larvae was greater when male or female parents were irradiated, than when they were unirradiated. Larvae of irradiated parents developed more slowly than did larvae of normal parents; at the time of collection from the field, larvae resulting from irradiated male by normal female crosses were predominantly fourth and early fifth instars, while larvae resulting from normal male by normal female crosses were predominantly late fifth instars. Among larvae resulting from normal crosses, parasitoid emergence was greater from hosts collected as fifth instars than from hosts collected as fourth and early fifth instars. Combining inherited sterility and A. marmoratus may be feasible for managing the early season population of H. zea. RP MANNION, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & PEST MANAGEMENT RES LAB,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 23 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NM711 UT WOS:A1994NM71100006 ER PT J AU BOLDT, PE ROBBINS, TO AF BOLDT, PE ROBBINS, TO TI PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECT FAUNAS OF BACCHARIS-SALICINA, B-PTERONIOIDES, AND B-BIGELOVII (ASTERACEAE) IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES AND NORTHERN MEXICO SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BACCHARIS; ECOLOGY; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; HOST SPECIFICITY; COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COMPOSITAE; RESPONSES; HEMIPTERA; HOMOPTERA; BIOLOGY; DIPTERA AB Phytophagous insect faunas of Baccharis salicina Torr. & Gray, B. pteronioides DC, and B. bigelovii Gray were studied in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Phytophagous insects representing 61 species, 31 families, and seven orders were collected on B. salicina. About 43% of these species were polyphagous; 13% were oligophagous, apparently restricted to the family Asteraceae; and 15% were monophagous, apparently restricted to the genus Baccharis. Sixteen percent of the insects collected were ecomically important pests. Phytophagous insects representing 55 species, 26 families, and seven orders fed on B. pteronioides. About 25% of the species were polyphagous, 13% were oligophagous, and 2% were monophagous. Phytophagous insects of 32 species, 22 families, and seven orders fed on B. bigelovii. About 28% were polyphagous, 16% were oligophagous, and 13% were monophagous. Months of the year that immature and adult insects were present on the host plant, relative frequency, and associated ant arts are reported. RP BOLDT, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB, 808 E BLACKLAND RD, TEMPLE, TX 76502 USA. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 23 IS 1 BP 47 EP 57 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NM711 UT WOS:A1994NM71100007 ER PT J AU SAPPINGTON, TW SHOWERS, WB MCNUTT, JJ BERNHARDT, JL GOODENOUGH, JL KEASTER, AJ LEVINE, E MCLEOD, DGR ROBINSON, JF WAY, MO AF SAPPINGTON, TW SHOWERS, WB MCNUTT, JJ BERNHARDT, JL GOODENOUGH, JL KEASTER, AJ LEVINE, E MCLEOD, DGR ROBINSON, JF WAY, MO TI MORPHOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR IN THE BLACK CUTWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AGROTIS-IPSILON; MIGRATION; MORPHOLOGY ID AGROTIS-IPSILON LEPIDOPTERA; FLIGHT BEHAVIOR; MOTH; DISPERSAL; INSECTS; IOWA AB Male migrant black cutworms, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), were sampled by pheromone trapping in several locations in the central and northern Corn Belt of North America in the spring of 1985 and 1990. Moths were also sampled in the southern United States at several locations suspected or known to be sources of migrant black cutworms. Forewing length, forewing width, prothoracic width, and body length were measured; and relative darkness of thoracic pubescence was scored for each moth. By comparing the morphology of northern moths (migrants, by definition) with that of southern moths (presumably containing mixtures of migrants and nonmigrants), we hoped to determine whether migrant A. ipsilon could be distinguished morphologically from nonmigrants. Principal component analyses extracted two important axes from the raw data. The first was a generalsize axis, and the second was primarily a relative-darkness, or color, axis. All analyses were performed on the factor scores along these axes. There was no difference in mean size of northern and southern moths, nor was there a consistent latitudinal gradient in size between northern locations. There was, however, reduced variation in the migrant populations; i.e., very small and very large moths were underrepresented in the northern compared with the southern populations. Comparisons between northern moths thought to have originated in the Brownsville, Texas, region suggested that migrants tended to have lighter coloration than those in the source population. But light coloration by itself cannot indicate migrant individuals because, in one instance (Columbia, MO 1985), a migrant population was darker than populations from all other locations sampled that year. The data indicate that, at least in the case of males, migrants cannot be distinguished morphologically from nonmigrants. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that A. ipsilon is an obligate migrant and that there is no distinctive migratory phase induced by environmental cues or conditions. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,CORN INSECTS RES UNIT,ANKENY,IA 50021. UNIV ARKANSAS,CTR RICE RES & EXTENS,STUTTGART,AR 72160. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. ILLINOIS NAT HIST SURVEY,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. AGR CANADA,LONDON RES CTR,LONDON N6G 2V4,ON,CANADA. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,RICE RES STN,CROWLEY,LA 70526. TEXAS A&M UNIV,CTR AGR RES & EXTENS,BEAUMONT,TX 77713. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 23 IS 1 BP 58 EP 67 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NM711 UT WOS:A1994NM71100008 ER PT J AU HOELMER, KA OSBORNE, LS YOKOMI, RK AF HOELMER, KA OSBORNE, LS YOKOMI, RK TI INTERACTIONS OF THE WHITEFLY PREDATOR DELPHASTUS-PUSILLUS (COLEOPTERA, COCCINELLIDAE) WITH PARASITIZED SWEET-POTATO WHITEFLY (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DELPHASTUS-PUSILLUS; APHELINIDAE; PREDATION AB Delphastus pusillus (LeConte), an indigenous coccinellid predator of whiteflies, including sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), feeds on all stages of whiteflies. In laboratory tests, fourth-instar and adult female D. pusillus exhibited a marked tendency to avoid fourth-instar B. tabaci parasitized by the aphelinid endoparasitoids Encarsia transvena (Timberlake) and Eretmocerus sp. nr. californicus Howard in favor of unparasitized whiteflies. The age of the parasitoid within the whitefly influenced the extent of the avoidance. Whiteflies with first-instar parasitoids were not avoided, but those containing third instars and pupal parasitoids were significantly avoided. The presumed causes of the avoidance include parasitism-induced hardening of the whitefly cuticle and introduction of air into the whitefly around maturing parasitoids. D. pusillus and parasitoids tend to attack different stages of the whitefly. This attribute increases temporal separation, enhancing the options for the use of D. pusillus in pest management programs in conjunction with parasitoids. C1 USDA ARS,US HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 11 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 23 IS 1 BP 136 EP 139 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NM711 UT WOS:A1994NM71100019 ER PT J AU DELOACH, CJ AF DELOACH, CJ TI FEEDING-BEHAVIOR OF MELIPOTIS-INDOMITA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE), A HERBIVORE OF MESQUITE (PROSOPIS SPP) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MESQUITE; MELIPOTIS-INDOMITA; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AB The mesquite cutworm, Melipotis indomita (Walker), is the major defoliator of mesquite, Prosopis glandulosa Torrey, in central Texas. Larvae consumed an average 181 cm2 of foliage during their development and active last instars consumed 20-30 cm2 per day. Early instars fed and developed only on young mesquite leaves. The ability to feed on mature leaves increased with age, but only last instars developed normally when provided with mature leaves only. In an outdoor insectary, larvae fed mostly at night, a tendency that was much stronger during the later instars. In the field, large larvae fed in the tree at night and hid in crevices or holes in the tree or under litter on the ground during the day. The possible relationship between this feeding behavior and predator avoidance is discussed. RP DELOACH, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 23 IS 1 BP 161 EP 166 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NM711 UT WOS:A1994NM71100023 ER PT J AU BARRY, D ALFARO, D DARRAH, LL AF BARRY, D ALFARO, D DARRAH, LL TI RELATION OF EUROPEAN CORN-BORER (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) LEAF-FEEDING RESISTANCE AND DIMBOA CONTENT IN MAIZE SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE; ZEA-MAYS; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; 1,4-BENZOXAZIN-3-ONES AB European com borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), is a major insect pest of maize, Zea mays L., in the northern Corn Belt, which affects production through physiological yield reduction and harvest losses. Four maize inbreds (two resistant [CI31A and B75] and two susceptible [C103 and CI21E] to first-generation European corn borer along with all possible F1s [6 each] and F2s [6 each] plus the double crosses [15 each] from the F1s) were evaluated for resistance to leaf feeding by the European com borer and 2, 4-dihydrox-7-methoxy-1, 4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) concentration in the leaf tissue. The two objectives of our study were: (1) to compare the traditional visual leaf feeding rating scale to a chemical analysis of the concentration of DIM BOA and (2) to determine the concentration and persistence of DIMBOA among these genotypes in relation to resistance. The leaf-feeding resistant inbreds, CI31A and B75, had initial ratings of 1.0 on a scale of 1-9 (1 highly resistant to 9, highly susceptible) and they had a concentration of DIMBOA of 704 and 433 mug/g, respectively. The susceptible inbreds, C103 and C121E, had ratings of 7.5 and 3.8 and DIMBOA concentrations of 9l and 70 mug/g, respectively. The resistant ratings of the F1s and F2s were generally related to their parentage. The resistant genotypes had higher levels of DIMBOA and this trait was expressed in the various crosses in an additive manner indicating that DIMBOA concentration is genetically determined. The leaf feeding ratings became higher and DIMBOA concentrations lower as the plant matured. The correlation of leaf feeding rating and DIMBOA concentration was r = -0.40 62 d after planting, but 10 d later it dropped to r = -0.34; both are significant negative correlations. No resistance was found by the time the inbreds and crosses were flowering. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP BARRY, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 23 IS 1 BP 177 EP 182 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NM711 UT WOS:A1994NM71100025 ER PT J AU GROSS, HR AF GROSS, HR TI MASS PROPAGATION OF ARCHYTAS-MARMORATUS (DIPTERA, TACHINIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GALLERIA-MELLONELLA; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA; MECHANICALLY EXTRACTED MAGGOTS; TASSEL-STAGE CORN; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; LARVAL POPULATIONS; NOCTUIDAE; WHORL; PERFORMANCE AB Opportunities to advance natural enemy augmentation rapidly against major insect pests of American agriculture are primarily limited by the inability to mass propagate quality entomophages efficiently and economically. Efforts to advance mass propagation of Archytas marmoratus (Townsend) on the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.), are reported. When maggots of A. marmoratus were mechanically extracted from fecund females and applied in aqueous suspension into corrugated cardboard disks (13 cm diameter by 2 cm depth) (19.5 maggots per cm2) against almost-equal-to 600 mature larvae of G. mellonella, a mean of 375.3 adult A. marmoratus (62.8% recovery) were subsequently produced. The highest percentage recovery of A. marmoratus adults (87.3%) occurred when individually exposed G. mellonella larvae ranged from 250 to 299 mg in weight. A. marmoratus maggots contained within corrugated cardboard disks were effectively stored for 72 h at 10 and 180-degrees-C before G. mellonella larvae were introduced for parasitism without significantly affecting the percentage recovery of A. marmoratus adults. A. marmoratus held for development on larvae and pupae of G. mellonella within corrugated cardboard disks at 29-degrees-C, 65% RH, and 14:10 (L:D) photophase emerged over 9 d, with initial emergence of males preceding females by 1 d and peak emergence of males and females occurring on days 4 and 5, respectively. Opportunities for augmentation of A. marmoratus are also discussed. RP GROSS, HR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 23 IS 1 BP 183 EP 189 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NM711 UT WOS:A1994NM71100026 ER PT J AU HAGLER, JR NARANJO, SE AF HAGLER, JR NARANJO, SE TI QUALITATIVE SURVEY OF 2 COLEOPTERAN PREDATORS OF BEMISIA-TABACI (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE) AND PECTINOPHORA-GOSSYPIELLA (LEPIDOPTERA, GELECHIIDAE) USING A MULTIPLE PREY GUT CONTENT ELISA SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COLLOPS-VITTATUS; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES; PREDATION ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; GREENBUGS HOMOPTERA; HEMIPTERA; APHIDIDAE; SORGHUM; NYMPHS; EGGS AB A multiple serodiagnostic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MS ELISA) is described that facilitated the simultaneous examination of insect predation on two economically important cotton pests, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). Using this MS ELISA in combination with specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to both B. tabaci and P. gossypiella, we assayed 663 collops beetles, Collops vittatus (Say), and 613 convergent ladybird beetles, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville for the presence of prey remains in the gut. A large proportion of each beetle population-tested positive, suggesting that collops and ladybird beetles are active predators on both B. tabaci and P. gossypiella. The advantages and limitations of our multiple prey gut content assay (MS ELISA) are discussed. RP HAGLER, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 29 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 23 IS 1 BP 193 EP 197 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NM711 UT WOS:A1994NM71100028 ER PT J AU ENGLISH, B AF ENGLISH, B TI WASTES INTO WOOD - COMPOSITES ARE A PROMISING NEW RESOURCE SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material RP ENGLISH, B (reprint author), FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 102 IS 2 BP 168 EP 170 DI 10.2307/3431605 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA NC418 UT WOS:A1994NC41800009 PM 8033845 ER PT J AU KEITH, JO NGONDI, JG BRUGGERS, RL KIMBALL, BA ELLIOTT, CCH AF KEITH, JO NGONDI, JG BRUGGERS, RL KIMBALL, BA ELLIOTT, CCH TI ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS ON WETLANDS OF QUELETOX(R) APPLIED TO PLOCEID ROOSTS IN KENYA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE FENTHION; QUELETOX(R); NONTARGET EFFECTS; RESIDUES ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD; FENTHION; BIRDS; PESTICIDES; TOXICITY; QUELEA AB Queletox(R) (Fenthion) is widely used in Africa to kill birds that eat cereal crops. Applications of Queletox have been reported to kill nontarget animals and contaminate areas used by livestock and humans. In 1988, we evaluated Queletox treatments to wetland roosts at the Njoro dam (2.88 kg/ha) and Gicheha farm (12.0 kg/ha) near Nakuru, Kenya. Fenthion deposits measured in the roosts ranged up to 1,100 g/ha, but were >1.0 g/ha at distances of 100 m or more from roosts. Following applications, 61 birds of 14 species at the Njoro dam and 22 birds of eight species at the Gicheha farm were found dead or severely debilitated. However, the general abundance of waterfowl, wading birds, plovers, doves, and passerines seemed unaffected. Residues in crop contents of 11 dead birds ranged up to 11.0 ppm, substantiating death from fenthion. Fenthion residues (2.2-750 mu g) recovered from skin and feathers of 36 dead birds were sufficient to have been hazardous to predators and scavengers. Neither amphibians nor fishes were affected by treatments. At the Njoro dam, scarabids, dytiscids, and notonectids were killed, and their numbers decreased; many insects also were killed at the Gicheha farm. The abundance of these groups, however, had increased within 6 d post-treatment. Fenthion residues of 1.8 to 17 ppb were found in positive water samples for up to 5 d post-treatment. All sampled vegetation had temporarily hazardous residues; levels ranged up to 83 ppm on grasses but had decreased to <1.0 after 3 d. C1 KENYA CROP PROTECT DIV,NAIROBI,KENYA. UN,FOOD & AGR ORG,NAIROBI,KENYA. RP KEITH, JO (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,POB 25266,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 13 IS 2 BP 333 EP 341 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[333:EEOWOQ]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA MV349 UT WOS:A1994MV34900018 ER PT J AU PHARR, GT BACON, LD DODGSON, JB AF PHARR, GT BACON, LD DODGSON, JB TI A CLASS-I CDNA FROM SPAFAS LINE-11 CHICKENS SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Note ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; B-COMPLEX; DISEASE RESISTANCE; CELL-INTERACTION; MAREKS-DISEASE; INDUCED TUMORS; MHC GENES; SEQUENCE; RECOGNITION; EXPRESSION AB A chicken MHC class I (B-F) cDNA from SPAFAS line 11 embryonic liver tissue was isolated and characterized by nucleotide sequencing. Comparing this sequence with previously described B-F cDNAs highlights clustered nucleotide substitutions in exon 3, encoding amino acids located on the or-helical region of the alpha 2 domain. C1 US ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0960-7420 J9 EUR J IMMUNOGENET JI Eur. J. Immunogenet. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 21 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1111/j.1744-313X.1994.tb00176.x PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA MT574 UT WOS:A1994MT57400007 PM 9098420 ER PT J AU ZARLENGA, DS STRINGFELLOW, F NOBARY, M LICHTENFELS, JR AF ZARLENGA, DS STRINGFELLOW, F NOBARY, M LICHTENFELS, JR TI CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES FROM 3 SPECIES OF HAEMONCHUS (NEMATODA, TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA) AND IDENTIFICATION OF PCR PRIMERS FOR RAPID DIFFERENTIATION SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NEMATODE; HAEMONCHUS; HELMINTH; RIBOSOMAL DNA; DIAGNOSIS; SMALL SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL DNA; SEQUENCE ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RDNA SIZE CLASSES; ASCARIS-LUMBRICOIDES; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; DNA FRAGMENTS; ARRANGEMENT; SEQUENCE RP ZARLENGA, DS (reprint author), USDA,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BIOSYSTEMAT PARASITOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 78 IS 1 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1006/expr.1994.1003 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA MW550 UT WOS:A1994MW55000003 PM 8299758 ER PT J AU CHRISTENSEN, CM ZARLENGA, DS GASBARRE, LC AF CHRISTENSEN, CM ZARLENGA, DS GASBARRE, LC TI OSTERTAGIA, HAEMONCHUS, COOPERIA, AND OESOPHAGOSTOMUM - CONSTRUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GENUS-SPECIFIC DNA PROBES TO DIFFERENTIATE IMPORTANT PARASITES OF CATTLE SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA PROBES; REPETITIVE SEQUENCES; OSTERTAGIA; HAEMONCHUS; COOPERIA; OESOPHAGOSTOMUM; PARASITE DIAGNOSIS; CATTLE ID FECAL CULTURES; HYBRIDIZATION; NEMATODES; FRAGMENTS; SEQUENCES; LARVAE C1 USDA ARS,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BIOSYSTEMAT PARASITOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 24 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 78 IS 1 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1006/expr.1994.1009 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA MW550 UT WOS:A1994MW55000009 PM 8299764 ER PT J AU DEROCHER, TR TAUSCH, RJ AF DEROCHER, TR TAUSCH, RJ TI PREDICTING POTENTIAL TRANSPIRATION OF SINGLELEAF PINYON - AN ADAPTATION OF THE POTOMETER METHOD SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID HEAT-PULSE TECHNIQUE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; WATER-USE; SAP FLOW; TREES; VELOCITY; SPRUCE AB Estimates of singleleaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla Tort. and Frem.) potential water use were conducted on the Virginia Range, Nevada, based on crown dimensions and needle biomass. A modified potometer method was developed to measure whole-tree transpiration over an 8 h period. Water uptake from the potometer was positively related to both the foliar mass plus the average number of resin canals in the needles of each tree. Water uptake was also positively related to the total crown needle surface area (cm2) plus the average resin canal number. Best predictive equations based on standard error of the estimate analyses were obtained with nonlinear regression analysis of untransformed data. Pinyon populations with higher resin canal numbers are generally found in locations with higher temperatures and drier summer conditions. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERM RES STN,RENO,NV 89512. RP DEROCHER, TR (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,DEPT RANGE WILDLIFE & FORESTRY,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 63 IS 2-3 BP 169 EP 180 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(94)90109-0 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MY565 UT WOS:A1994MY56500005 ER PT J AU CHRISTOFORO, JC BUSH, RJ LUPPOLD, WG AF CHRISTOFORO, JC BUSH, RJ LUPPOLD, WG TI A PROFILE OF THE US PALLET AND CONTAINER INDUSTRY SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Note ID UNITED-STATES AB Data from pallet and container manufacturers in the United States were gathered to determine the volumes of new wood materials consumed by the industry. Estimated total industry use of hardwood lumber and cants in 1991 was 3,803 million board feet (MMBF) and use of softwood lumber and cants was estimated to be 1,853 MMBF. Total hardwood parts and shook use was 667 MMBF and total softwood parts and shook use was 429 MMBF. Industry softwood plywood consumption in 1991 was estimated to be 271 million ft.(2) (3/4-in. basis) and oriented strand board use was 36 million ft.(2) (7/16-in. basis). In 1991, firms primarily involved in manufacturing pallets and skids (SIC 2448) used a mean of 2,794.7 thousand board feet (MBF) of hardwood lumber and cants, 1,109.6 MBF of softwood lumber and cants, 578.1 MBF of hardwood parts and shook, and 276.1 MBF of softwood parts and shook. The use of panel products by pallet and skid manufacturers included a mean of approximately 100.4 thousand ft.(2) of softwood plywood (3/4-in. basis) and 20.0 thousand ft.(2) of oriented strandboard (7/16-in. basis) per company. Firms primarily involved in the production of containers and shook (SICs 2441 and 2449) used a mean of 936.4 MBF of hardwood lumber and cants, 1,637.3 MBF of softwood lumber and cants, 225.6 MBF of hardwood parts and shook, and 390.3 MBF of softwood parts and shook. In addition, container manufacturers used 423.0 thousand ft.(2) a of softwood plywood (3/4-in. basis) and 15.1 thousand ft.(2) strandboard (7/16- in. basis) per company. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT WOOD SCI & FOREST PROD,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,PRINCETON,NJ. RP CHRISTOFORO, JC (reprint author), VIRGINIA TECH,409 WINDSOR RIDGE DR,WESTBOROUGH,MA 01581, USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 44 IS 2 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MV961 UT WOS:A1994MV96100001 ER PT J AU PHELPS, JE STOKKE, DD PUGEL, AD AF PHELPS, JE STOKKE, DD PUGEL, AD TI COLOR ANALYSIS OF WHITE OAK, EDGE-GLUED FURNITURE PANEL STOCK SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Note ID WOOD AB Edge-glued furniture panels are part of the hardwood dimension industry's production mix. There has been increasing pressure, particularly by export markets, for panels to be better matched in color and for lighter colored panels to be separated for special finishing effects. Currently, matching and evaluation of dimension stock is based on the subjective judgments of the producer and buyer. A more objective description of colors can be obtained by using colorimeters. In this initial investigation, a handheld portable colorimeter was used to assess color variation in stock for three furniture panels. The results showed significant variation within panels in the color property L*, a color property that describes lightness or darkness of the color. Little variation was observed in individual boards within panels, suggesting that few measurements per board are needed in an industrial setting. Further investigations will center on determining the variability of color in white oak wood used for panels and the ability of a colorimeter to be used in an industrial setting. C1 SO ILLINOIS UNIV,US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STA,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. RP PHELPS, JE (reprint author), SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,CARBONDALE,IL 62901, USA. NR 3 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 44 IS 2 BP 35 EP 38 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MV961 UT WOS:A1994MV96100005 ER PT J AU MCALISTER, RH POWERS, HR AF MCALISTER, RH POWERS, HR TI A COMPARISON OF SOME PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF FULL-SIB AND HALF-SIB LOBLOLLY PINES SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB Thirty-one, 14-year-old, full-sibling loblolly pines from a seed orchard were tested for physical and mechanical properties. The variability of the full-sib samples was compared to that of 15-year-old, half-sibling loblolly from the same site. The variability of the full-sibs was essentially the same as the half-sibs for most measured properties. Shrinkage from green to ovendry was greater for the full-sib specimens. RP MCALISTER, RH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,GREEN ST,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 44 IS 2 BP 42 EP 44 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MV961 UT WOS:A1994MV96100007 ER PT J AU MCNEEL, JF YOUNG, LG AF MCNEEL, JF YOUNG, LG TI OPTIMAL YARDING ROAD WIDTH MODEL FOR SKYLINE YARDING SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB For skyline cable yarding systems, which allow lateral yarding, changing the width of an individual yarding area, termed the yarding road, can affect the time required to access and secure logs for yarding (choke time) and the total time required for yarding road changes or moves. To evaluate these effects, a study was conducted that measured both yarding road change time and choke time for two skyline yarders operating on four sites over a 5-month period. A mathematical model was derived to quantify the relationship between these variables and estimate the optimal yarding road width for given harvest unit parameters. Analysis results indicate that by adjusting yarding roads to optimal widths, small increases in production can be achieved. The analysis also suggests that optimal yarding road width is relatively insensitive to changes in average yarding road change time but sensitive to changes in choke time. C1 UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,FAC FORESTRY,DEPT HARVESTING & WOOD SCI,VANCOUVER V6T 1Z4,BC,CANADA. RP MCNEEL, JF (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,4043 ROOSEVELT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98105, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 44 IS 2 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MV961 UT WOS:A1994MV96100008 ER PT J AU FORBES, CL SINCLAIR, SA BUSH, RJ ARAMAN, PA AF FORBES, CL SINCLAIR, SA BUSH, RJ ARAMAN, PA TI INFLUENCE OF PRODUCT AND SUPPLIER ATTRIBUTES ON HARDWOOD LUMBER PURCHASE DECISIONS IN THE FURNITURE INDUSTRY SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DETERMINANT ATTRIBUTES; UNITED-STATES AB This study determined the influence of product and supplier attributes on hardwood lumber purchases by wood furniture manufacturers and investigated differences across manufacturer type, geographic region, firm size, and kiln ownership. Professional lumber buyers rated the importance and difference across suppliers of various attributes. Purchase influence scores were calculated for each attribute based on importance and difference ratings. MANOVA, Tukey's tests, and Bonferroni t-tests detected if differences existed between purchase influence scores across manufacturer type, geographic region, firm size or kiln ownership. Load-to-Load Consistency, Accurate Grading, No Warp, Crook and Bow, Accurate Moisture Content, and Quote Competitive Price were the attributes that most influenced the purchase decisions of respondents. No differences were detected between purchase influence scores across geographic regions. However, differences were detected based on furniture manufacturer type, firm size, and kiln ownership. Manufacturers of wood office and wood household furniture were more influenced by appearance attributes (No Stain, No Surface Checks, and No Chipped Grain) than were upholstered furniture manufacturers. Larger firms' purchases were more influenced by attributes related to production scheduling and efficiency (Correct Tally, Desirable Width Mix, Stacking of Pack, Square End Trimming, Fill Large Orders, and Knowledge of Production) than were smaller firms. Compared to non-owners, kiln owners were more influenced by attributes affecting kiln scheduling (e.g., Fill Orders Correctly and Ship When Promised), by Accurate Grading, and by End Coating. The information gained from this research can be used by suppliers of hardwood lumber to aid in developing more effective marketing strategies. C1 US FOREST SERV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP FORBES, CL (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT WOOD SCI & FOREST PROD,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 44 IS 2 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MV961 UT WOS:A1994MV96100009 ER PT J AU ANGELL, RF MILLER, RF AF ANGELL, RF MILLER, RF TI SIMULATION OF LEAF CONDUCTANCE AND TRANSPIRATION IN JUNIPERUS-OCCIDENTALIS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COMPUTER MODEL; SPUR; TRANSPIRATION; WATER BALANCE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ID WATER-STRESS; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; ROOT; SOIL AB Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis Hook.) is a conifer species well adapted to semi-arid rangelands in portions of the western United States. Over a 2-yr period (1983-1984), water relations of mature western juniper trees were observed and soil temperature, soil water, air temperature, vapor density deficit (D(a)), and solar radiation were recorded. Data from 1983 were used to develop and calibrate a leaf conductance model for western juniper. The model was then tested against 1984 data. A daily soil water budget was maintained by coupling the conductance model with the hydrology component of the model SPUR (Simulation of Production and Utilization of Rangelands). Results indicate that the model successfully simulated seasonal conductance trends. Conductance was strongly affected by soil temperature and D(a) in spring, while soil water pressure and D(a) were important during summer. Simulated western juniper conductance rose to maximum in spring and was usually within one standard deviation of observed values. In the 1984 simulation, western juniper transpired 141 mm of water, 47% of the total evapo-transpiration for the site, and 44% of 1984 precipitation. Simulated western juniper conductance increased whenever environmental conditions moderated in late winter and spring. Juniper withdrew 37 mm of water between January and May 1984, suggesting it has potential to significantly alter watershed value and site productivity. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,EASTERN OREGON AGR RES CTR,BURNS,OR 97720. RP ANGELL, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BURNS,OR 97720, USA. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 40 IS 1 BP 5 EP 17 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MW391 UT WOS:A1994MW39100001 ER PT J AU LIEBHOLD, AM ELMES, GA HALVERSON, JA QUIMBY, J AF LIEBHOLD, AM ELMES, GA HALVERSON, JA QUIMBY, J TI LANDSCAPE CHARACTERIZATION OF FOREST SUSCEPTIBILITY TO GYPSY-MOTH DEFOLIATION SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; LEPIDOPTERA; LYMANTRIIDAE AB This paper seeks to relate defoliation by the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), to components of the landscape in order to elucidate processes operating at the regional scale. Aerial sketch maps of gypsy moth-caused defoliation in Pennsylvania from 1969-1989 were assembled in a raster-based geographical information system (GIS). These images were manipulated using Boolean algebra to determine the total defoliation frequency for each 2 x 2 km grid cell over the 21-yr study period. Because the gypsy moth became established in different parts. of Pennsylvania at different times, the defoliation frequency for each cell was corrected by dividing the raw frequency by the total number of years at risk to defoliation. The number of years at risk to defoliation was calculated as the number of years each area was considered within the generally infested area minus a constant lag term, to correct for the period in years between first designation of quarantine until first defoliation. For Pennsylvania the lag was estimated as 5 yr. Average defoliation frequencies were calculated for each of six major forest type groups occurring in Pennsylvania. Pine, oak-pine, and oak-hickory type groups were the most susceptible to defoliation; maple-birch-beech, aspen-birch, and nonforest-type groups were the least susceptible. The high defoliation frequency in pine types reflects heavy feeding on oaks in these areas since gypsy moth larvae rarely feed on most pine species. Forest type group areas were further cross-tabulated by elevation classes. The three most susceptible forest type groups exhibited decreased susceptibility at elevations lower than 200 m. C1 PENN DEPT ENVIRONM RESOURCES,MIDDLETOWN,PA 17057. W VIRGINIA UNIV,DEPT GEOL & GEOG,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. RP LIEBHOLD, AM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPTL STN,180 CANFIELD ST,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 28 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 40 IS 1 BP 18 EP 29 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MW391 UT WOS:A1994MW39100002 ER PT J AU SCOTT, CT KOHL, M AF SCOTT, CT KOHL, M TI SAMPLING WITH PARTIAL REPLACEMENT AND STRATIFICATION SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Sampling with Partial Replacement (SPR) is extended to double sampling for stratification on three occasions based on the two-occasion case presented by Bickford et al. (1963). Ware and Cunia's (1962) unbiased estimator of net change is extended to double sampling for stratification on two and three occasions. A closed form solution is presented for the two-occasion case. However, the net change estimator in the second-occasion case requires solving a system of seven equations. The estimators presented make it possible to use Sampling with Partial Replacement on two or three occasions, with simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, or double sampling for stratification; and, for estimation of current attributes, their net change between occasions, and components of growth. C1 SWISS FED INST FOREST SNOW & LANDSCAPE RES,BIRMENSDORF,SWITZERLAND. RP SCOTT, CT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 40 IS 1 BP 30 EP 46 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MW391 UT WOS:A1994MW39100003 ER PT J AU ELLIOTT, KJ WHITE, AS AF ELLIOTT, KJ WHITE, AS TI EFFECTS OF LIGHT, NITROGEN, AND PHOSPHORUS ON RED PINE SEEDLING GROWTH AND NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PINUS-RESINOSA L; NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; LIGHT ID AVAILABILITY; PLANTS; PRODUCTIVITY; NUTRITION; EVERGREEN; DYNAMICS; BIOMASS AB Growth and nutrient use efficiency were determined for red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings grown at various levels of light, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Nutrient use efficiency was estimated for nitrogen (NUE) and phosphorus (PUE) and was calculated as biomass production divided by total nutrient content. Seedlings grown in high light had four to five times more biomass than those in the low light treatment. Nitrogen supply had a significant effect on total biomass as well as other biomass components. Phosphorus supply did not have a significant effect on any of the biomass components. NUE and PUE decreased with increased supply of N and P, respectively. The results of this study suggest that red pine seedlings can adjust their nutrient use efficiency, particularly for N, when light and nutrient availability are varied. NUE was highest with high light and low N-high P supply in nutrient solutions. C1 UNIV MAINE,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,DEPT FOREST BIOL,ORONO,ME 04469. RP ELLIOTT, KJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,OTTO,NC 28763, USA. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 40 IS 1 BP 47 EP 58 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MW391 UT WOS:A1994MW39100004 ER PT J AU HOF, J BEVERS, M JOYCE, L KENT, B AF HOF, J BEVERS, M JOYCE, L KENT, B TI AN INTEGER PROGRAMMING APPROACH FOR SPATIALLY AND TEMPORALLY OPTIMIZING WILDLIFE POPULATIONS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SPECIES RICHNESS; SCHEDULING AB This paper presents mixed integer linear programming formulations that optimize the spatial layout of management actions for providing wildlife habitat, over time. The formulations focus on wildlife growth and dispersal as a dynamic, probabilistic process. Habitat fragmentation/connectivity is thus modeled indirectly. Multiple timber age classes are accounted for as different wildlife habitat types, which define carrying capacity limitations that are tracked spatially. A variety of objective functions are specified, including ones based on piecewise-approximated nonlinear functions that relate wildlife populations to the probability of species viability. All of the formulations and objective functions are demonstrated with a case example. RP HOF, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 13 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 40 IS 1 BP 177 EP 191 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MW391 UT WOS:A1994MW39100011 ER PT J AU WEAR, DN AF WEAR, DN TI MEASURING NET INVESTMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY IN TIMBER PRODUCTION SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INDEX NUMBERS; TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY; PRODUCTION FUNCTION ID CAPACITY UTILIZATION; INDEX NUMBERS; OUTPUT; INPUT; FORESTRY AB An index number approach is developed for measuring changes in inputs, outputs, and total factor productivity in a timber-producing sector. These methods are applied to timber production in the U.S. South for the period 1952 to 1985. Results suggest that development of the sector may be described by an adjustment phase between 1952 and 1962 and a growth phase between 1962 and 1985. Aggregate output grew during the latter period at an annual rate of 2.0% for the forest industry and 1.2% for all other private lands. Input growth was also strong for the industry reflecting expansion in both the area of timberland and the intensity of management. On other private lands, however, timberland and inputs showed steady declines. Output growth net of input growth shows that productivity grew at about 0.5% per year on the industry lands and 2.5% per year on other private lands. However, the strong productivity measure for the other private ownership likely reflects measurement error related to the classification of timberland. These results demonstrate the potential hazards of using either trends in timberland area or gross investment (planting) alone to assess the development of a timber-producing sector. RP WEAR, DN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,BOX 12254,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 40 IS 1 BP 192 EP 208 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MW391 UT WOS:A1994MW39100012 ER PT J AU BISHOP, MD KAPPES, SM KEELE, JW STONE, RT SUNDEN, SLF HAWKINS, GA TOLDO, SS FRIES, R GROSZ, MD YOO, JY BEATTIE, CW AF BISHOP, MD KAPPES, SM KEELE, JW STONE, RT SUNDEN, SLF HAWKINS, GA TOLDO, SS FRIES, R GROSZ, MD YOO, JY BEATTIE, CW TI A GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP FOR CATTLE SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT POLYMORPHISM; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; BOVINE MICROSATELLITE; DNA POLYMORPHISMS; BETA-GLOBIN; OVINE; LOCUS; SEQUENCE; ASSOCIATION AB We report the most extensive physically anchored linkage map for cattle produced to date. Three-hundred thirteen genetic markers ordered in 30 linkage groups, anchored to 24 autosomal chromesomes (n = 29), the X and Y chromosomes, four unanchored syntenic groups and two unassigned linkage groups spanning 2464 chi of the bovine genome are summarized. The map also assigns 19 type I loci to specific chromosomes and/or syntenic groups and four cosmid clones containing informative microsatellites to chromosomes 13, 25 and 29 anchoring syntenic groups U11, U7 and U8, respectively. This map provides the skeletal framework prerequisite to development of a comprehensive genetic map for cattle and analysis of economic trait loci (ETL). C1 SWISS FED INST TECHNOL, CH-8092 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND. RP BISHOP, MD (reprint author), US ARS, ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR, CLAY CTR, NE 68933 USA. OI Fries, Ruedi/0000-0002-4657-1787 NR 92 TC 685 Z9 732 U1 2 U2 22 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1943-2631 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD FEB PY 1994 VL 136 IS 2 BP 619 EP 639 PG 21 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA MT824 UT WOS:A1994MT82400017 PM 7908653 ER PT J AU PAYNE, JA MILLER, G JOHNSON, GP SENTER, SD AF PAYNE, JA MILLER, G JOHNSON, GP SENTER, SD TI CASTANEA-PUMILA (L) MILL - AN UNDERUSED NATIVE NUT TREE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 EMPIRE CHESTNUT CO,CARROLLTON,OH 44615. ARKANSAS TECH UNIV,RUSSELLVILLE,AR 72801. USDA,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP PAYNE, JA (reprint author), USDA,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1994 VL 29 IS 2 BP 62 EP & PG 0 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NB846 UT WOS:A1994NB84600001 ER PT J AU MILLER, WR MITCHAM, EJ MCDONALD, RE KING, JR AF MILLER, WR MITCHAM, EJ MCDONALD, RE KING, JR TI POSTHARVEST STORAGE QUALITY OF GAMMA-IRRADIATED CLIMAX RABBITEYE BLUEBERRIES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE VACCINIUM-ASHEI; QUARANTINE; DISEASE; POSTHARVEST; CELL WALL; NEUTRAL SUGARS ID CELL-WALLS; FRUIT; PECTIN; ATMOSPHERES; RADIATION; DECAY AB Postharvest quality of 'Climax' rabbiteye blueberries (Vaccinium ashei Read) was evaluated after exposure to dosages of 0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, or 3.0 kGy gamma irradiation (0.118 kGy.min-1) and after subsequent storage. Irradiation did not affect weight loss, but irradiated berries were softer than nontreated berries. There was also a trend toward increased decay as dose increased. Irradiation had no effect on powdery bloom or surface color; total soluble solids concentration, acidity, and pH were affected slightly. Flavor preference was highest for nonirradiated berries and generally declined as dosage increased. Irradiation at 2.25 and 3.0 kGy resulted in increased levels of xylosyl residues in cell walls, and xylosyl residues were the most abundant cell-wall neutral sugar detected in blueberries. There was no evidence of cell wall pectin loss in irradiated berries. Irradiation at greater-than-or-equal-to 1.5 kGy lowered the quality of fresh-market 'Climax' blueberries. C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES LAB,MIAMI,FL 33158. RP MILLER, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,US HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1994 VL 29 IS 2 BP 98 EP 101 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NB846 UT WOS:A1994NB84600012 ER PT J AU GILBERT, RZ KYLE, MM MUNGER, HM GRAY, SM AF GILBERT, RZ KYLE, MM MUNGER, HM GRAY, SM TI INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO WATERMELON MOSAIC-VIRUS IN CUCUMIS-MELO L SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MELON BREEDING; POTYVIRUS RESISTANCE; WATERMELON MOSAIC VIRUS ID APHIS-GOSSYPII; PLANT-VIRUSES; MUSKMELON AB Resistance to watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) was transferred by successive backcrossing with selection from Cucumis melo PI 414723 to three melon varieties. Levels of resistance to virus accumulation in leaf tissue were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and procedures are described to select resistant individuals efficiently and accurately in segregating populations. Resistance is controlled by a single dominant gene designated Wmr. Plants that carry this gene initially develop mosaic symptoms on inoculated leaves, but eventually recover from symptoms, and low or no virus can be detected in the youngest leaves. In contrast, susceptible plants show similar symptoms initially, but remain stunted and symptomatic with reduced fruit yield and fruit quality. Co-infection with other cucurbit viruses, specifically cucumber mosaic virus, papaya ringspot virus, and zucchini yellow mosaic virus, did not overcome resistance to WMV conferred by Wmr. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP GILBERT, RZ (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT BREEDING & BIOMETRY,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. RI Jahn, Molly /G-6133-2015 OI Jahn, Molly /0000-0001-8319-3300 NR 29 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1994 VL 29 IS 2 BP 107 EP 110 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NB846 UT WOS:A1994NB84600015 ER PT J AU OKIE, WR JOYNER, WR BECKMAN, TG AF OKIE, WR JOYNER, WR BECKMAN, TG TI A SIMPLE TECHNIQUE TO RANDOMIZE AND LABEL LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PLANTINGS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AB Large field plantings are often difficult to label and to plant randomly. A DOS computer program was developed in SAS and BASIC to randomize lists of experimental factors and print sorted paper labels to apply to trees or plants. Tagged trees can be resorted readily by block or row to speed planting. The computer lists are useful for plot verification and subsequent data collection, especially if data are collected and inputted directly to a computer. Copies of the programs are available from W.R. Joyner if a formatted diskette and self-addressed mailer are supplied. RP OKIE, WR (reprint author), USDA,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,111 DUNBAR RD,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1994 VL 29 IS 2 BP 123 EP 125 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NB846 UT WOS:A1994NB84600020 ER PT J AU BURGOS, L LEDBETTER, CA AF BURGOS, L LEDBETTER, CA TI OBSERVATIONS ON INHERITANCE OF MALE-STERILITY IN APRICOT SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE BREEDING; GENETICS; POLLEN STERILITY; PRUNUS-ARMENIACA C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,POSTHARVEST QUAL & GENET UNIT,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1994 VL 29 IS 2 BP 127 EP 127 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA NB846 UT WOS:A1994NB84600022 ER PT J AU DICKEY, LC RADEWONUK, ER AF DICKEY, LC RADEWONUK, ER TI COMPRESSED CONDENSATION OF WATER-VAPOR ON CHILLED BRINE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW LA English DT Article DE CONDENSATION; LOW PRESSURE; COMPRESSION; VACUUM PUMP; LIQUID RING AB Inexpensive removal of low-pressure water vapor is an essential requirement for economically attractive direct freeze concentration. The currently used method is condensation on a chilled metal surface rinsed by a recirculating saline solution. Although simple condensation is inexpensive on a large scale, the requirement of a large condensing surface and low capital cost lead to poor heat transfer, especially for facilities less than about 20 kg/h. An alternative approach is to combine condensation with mechanical compression, but little information is publicly available that can be used to determine the feasibility of this approach. Our measurements of condensation rate in a chilled liquid ring (LR) vacuum pump show that correlations for smooth films do not describe condensation in these pumps. The measured condensation rates indicate that LR pump compression does not substantially increase condensation. RP DICKEY, LC (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0301-9322 J9 INT J MULTIPHAS FLOW JI Int. J. Multiph. Flow PD FEB PY 1994 VL 20 IS 1 BP 179 EP 184 DI 10.1016/0301-9322(94)90014-0 PG 6 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA MZ938 UT WOS:A1994MZ93800013 ER PT J AU HUTMACHER, RB NIGHTINGALE, HI ROLSTON, DE BIGGAR, JW DALE, F VAIL, SS PETERS, D AF HUTMACHER, RB NIGHTINGALE, HI ROLSTON, DE BIGGAR, JW DALE, F VAIL, SS PETERS, D TI GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSES OF ALMOND (PRUNUS-AMYGDALUS) TO TRICKLE IRRIGATION SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TREES; SOIL; SALINITY; FIELD AB Growth and yield responses of developing almond trees (Prunus amygdalus, Ruby cultivar) to a range of trickle irrigation amounts were determined in 1985 through 1987 (the fifth through seventh year after planting) at the University of California's West Side Field Station in the semi-arid San Joaquin Valley. The treatments consisted of six levels of irrigation, ranging from 50 through 175% of the estimated crop evapotranspiration (ET(c)), applied to a clean-cultivated orchard using a line source trickle irrigation system with 6 emitters per tree. ET(c) was estimated as grass reference evapotranspiration (ET0) times a crop coefficient with adjustments based upon shaded area of trees and period during the growing season. Differential irrigation experiments prior to 1984 on the trees used in this study significantly influenced the initial trunk cross-section area and canopy size in the 50% ET(c) treatment and 125% ET(c) treatment. In these cases, treatment effects must be identified as relative effects rather than absolute. The soil of the experimental field was a Panoche clay loam (nonacid, thermic, Typic Torriorthents). The mean increase in trunk cross-sectional area for the 3-year period was a positive linear function (r2 = 0.98) of total amounts of applied water. With increases in water application above the 50% ET(c) treatment, nut retention with respect to flower and fertile nut counts after flowering, was increased approximately 10%. In 1985 and 1987, the nut meat yields and mean kernel weights increased significantly with increasing water application from 50% to 150% ET(c). Particularly in the higher water application treatments, crop consumptive use was difficult to quantify due to uncertainty in estimates of deep percolation and soil water uptake. Maintenance of leaf water potentials higher than -2.3 MPa during early nut development (March through May) and greater than -2.5 MPa the remainder of the irrigation season (through August) were positively correlated with sustained higher vegetative growth rates and higher nut yields. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT LAND AIR & WATER RESOURCES,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP HUTMACHER, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 22 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 14 IS 3 BP 117 EP 126 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA MY395 UT WOS:A1994MY39500002 ER PT J AU HOSAKA, K HANNEMAN, RE AF HOSAKA, K HANNEMAN, RE TI RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA MARKERS DETECTED IN A SEGREGATING HYBRID POPULATION OF SOLANUM-CHACOENSE X SOLANUM-PHUREJA SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF GENETICS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; POTATO CULTIVARS; RESISTANCE GENES; RFLP MAPS; TOMATO; RAPDS; ACCESSIONS; TUBEROSUM; CONIFERS AB Reproducible random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) patterns were obtained in two potato species (Solanum chacoense and S. phureja), one of their F1's, and its derived F2 Population, by adjusting temperature profiles of the amplification process and template DNA concentrations (1 ng/mul reaction vol.). Although the number of amplified products and detectable differences between the two species increased with increasing GC content of the primer, 50% or 60% GC is recommended for maximizing scorable RAPDs in the F2 population. Using 82 primers, 589 RAPDs were detected between the parents, and 70% of them (409 RAPDs) in the F1 clone. The number of RAPDs reliably scored for their segregations in the F2 population was significantly lowered because of complicated RAPD patterns. Consequently, 22% of the RAPDs detected in the parents (129 RAPDs), an average of 1.57 RAPDs per primer, were obtained as genetic markers, which can be used for the construction of a genetic map for this particular population. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706. RP HOSAKA, K (reprint author), KOBE UNIV,EXPTL FARM,1348 UZURANO,HYOGO 67521,JAPAN. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU GENETICS SOC JAPAN PI SHIZUOKA PA NATL INST GENETICS, YATA, MISHIMA, SHIZUOKA 411, JAPAN SN 0021-504X J9 JPN J GENET JI Jpn. J. Genet. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 69 IS 1 BP 53 EP 66 DI 10.1266/jjg.69.53 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA NQ275 UT WOS:A1994NQ27500006 ER PT J AU KHOSHKHOO, N HEDIN, PA MCCARTY, JC AF KHOSHKHOO, N HEDIN, PA MCCARTY, JC TI FREE SUGARS IN ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT COTTON PLANT-ROOTS AND LEAVES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB The sugars glucose, fructose, sucrose, and raffinose were present in both roots and leaves of root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood (RKN)] susceptible and resistant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Raffinose is reported in cotton roots and leaves for the first time, although it has previously been reported in cottonseed meal. In general, there was more glucose in leaves than in roots of both RKN resistant and susceptible cotton, but roots contained more sucrose. Leaf glucose was higher in RKN susceptible plants. The sharply increased glucose in susceptible leaves after inoculation may occur because the RKN has decreased the mass of the root system by feeding, thereby limiting opportunity for translocation of glucose to the root. Roots of resistant plants contained more raffinose than susceptible roots. Sucrose and raffinose were lower in roots after inoculation of resistant plants, and raffinose was also lower in roots after inoculation of susceptible plants. C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2 BP 366 EP 368 DI 10.1021/jf00038a025 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MY990 UT WOS:A1994MY99000025 ER PT J AU ULLAH, AHJ PHILLIPPY, BQ AF ULLAH, AHJ PHILLIPPY, BQ TI SUBSTRATE SELECTIVITY IN ASPERGILLUS-FICUUM PHYTASE AND ACID-PHOSPHATASES USING MYOINOSITOL PHOSPHATES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR PHYTASE; PURIFICATION; SEQUENCE; ASSAY AB The three extracellular acid phosphatases produced by Aspergillus ficuum have varying affinities for myo-inositol hexakis-, pentakis-, tetrakis-, and trisphosphate. Phytase (EC 3.1.8) has previously been shown to degrade phytate at pH 5.5 and 2.5, but similar activity has not been demonstrated in the concurrently produced extracellular acid phosphatases. Data obtained in this study demonstrate that the acid phosphatase with an optimum at pH 2.5 is a potent phytase at this pH. However, the pH 6.0 optimum acid phosphatase hydrolyzes phosphate from the myo-inositol backbone very poorly. The kinetic parameters obtained for these enzymes indicate the potential value of both phytase and pH 2.5 acid phosphatase as feed additives for monogastric animals. RP ULLAH, AHJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 17 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2 BP 423 EP 425 DI 10.1021/jf00038a034 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MY990 UT WOS:A1994MY99000034 ER PT J AU BRAR, GS UNGER, PW AF BRAR, GS UNGER, PW TI SOIL-TEMPERATURE SIMULATION WITH VARYING RESIDUE MANAGEMENT SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ACKER UND PFLANZENBAU LA English DT Article DE TEMPERATURE; SIMULATION; RESIDUE; DIFFUSIVITY; ROOT ZONE; THERMOCOUPLE ID THERMAL-DIFFUSIVITY; AIR-TEMPERATURE; MODEL; TILLAGE; SURFACE; WATER; HEAT AB Maintaining crop residue on the soil surface is an important part of conservation tillage. Although broad effects of residues on soil temperature (T(s)) are well documented, the methods to predict soil temperatures under various surface residues and tillage conditions are limited. Using the T(s) at 0-, 0.05-, 0.10-, and 0.30-m depths, we developed a simplified model to predict T(s) for a uniform soil from air temperature (T(a)) data. Data were collected under various tillage and surface residue conditions after wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvest. Residue management treatments were disk, sweep, and no-tillage (with standing or shredded residues). The model predicts maximum and minimum T(s) at 0-, 0.05-, 0.10-, and 0.30-m depths using maximum and minimum T(a) measured at 2-m above the soil surface, residue mass, apparent thermal diffusivity, and initial T(s) profiles. Mean absolute deviation between simulated and measured maximum and minimum surface T(s) were 0.53 and 0.44-degrees-C or less, respectively. Root zone maximum and minimum T(s) were simulated within 0.14 to 0.91 and 0.27 to 0.95-degrees-C, respectively, of the measured T(s). Greater precision of maximum and minimum soil temperature predictions with depth was obtained by using apparent thermal diffusivity calculated from initial T(s) profiles. The proposed model can be useful in predicting T(s) profiles required for crop growth modeling. RP BRAR, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci.-Z. Acker Pflanzenbau PD FEB PY 1994 VL 172 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1111/j.1439-037X.1994.tb00153.x PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NC575 UT WOS:A1994NC57500001 ER PT J AU LOUGH, DS SOLOMON, MB RUMSEY, TS KAHL, S SLYTER, LL AF LOUGH, DS SOLOMON, MB RUMSEY, TS KAHL, S SLYTER, LL TI THE EFFECTS OF HIGH-FORAGE DIETS WITH ADDED PALM OIL ON PERFORMANCE, PLASMA-LIPIDS, AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF RAM LAMBS WITH INITIALLY HIGH OR LOW PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LAMBS; LIPIDS; DIET; CHOLESTEROL; BLOOD PLASMA; METABOLIZABLE ENERGY ID DAIRY-CATTLE; GROWING RAM; SERUM; FAT; GROWTH; RESPONSES; HORMONE AB The objectives of this study were to examine the interaction between added palm oil in high-forage diets and initial concentration of plasma cholesterol on performance, plasma lipids, and carcass characteristics of growing ram lambs. Thirty-two Hampshire-Suffolk ram lambs (initial BW = 34.4 kg) were assigned to a 2 x 2 factorial design consisting of diet (basal [NPO] or 10.7% addea palm oil [PO]) and initial plasma cholesterol concentration (high (x) over bar = 50 mg/dL [HC] or low (x) over bar = 38 mg/dL [LC]; SEM = 2; P = .01). The lambs were individually fed diets (77% forage-23% concentrate)at contained 16.0% CP, 2.14 Meal of ME/kg (NPO), and 2.62 Meal of ME/kg (PO). Metabolizable energy intakes were adjusted to .20 Mcal/kg of BW.75 for both dietary treatments. Lambs were weighed and feed intakes adjusted weekly. Lambs were bled via jugular venipuncture on d 28, 56, and 84 and lambs were slaughtered after they had been fed the diets for 90 d. Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and nonesterified fatty acids were increased (P = .01) by feeding PO. Lamb's fed PO were fatter than lambs fed NPO, as indicated by greater subcutaneous fat thickness and kidney and pelvic fat. Initial plasma cholesterol concentration had little effect on any of the parameters measured. Lambs fed PO had fatter carcasses than lambs fed NPO at calculated equalized ME intakes, which indicates that energy deposition is more efficient in palm oil-supplemented diets. C1 USDA ARS,INST PROD QUAL & DEV,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLL PK,MD 20742. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 72 IS 2 BP 330 EP 336 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MV657 UT WOS:A1994MV65700008 PM 8157517 ER PT J AU SHACKELFORD, SD KOOHMARAIE, M WHEELER, TL CUNDIFF, LV DIKEMAN, ME AF SHACKELFORD, SD KOOHMARAIE, M WHEELER, TL CUNDIFF, LV DIKEMAN, ME TI EFFECT OF BIOLOGICAL TYPE OF CATTLE ON THE INCIDENCE OF THE DARK, FIRM, AND DRY CONDITION IN THE LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF BREEDS; COLOR; FIRMNESS; HERITABILITY; LONGISSIMUS; TEXTURE ID CARCASS COMPOSITION; BEEF CARCASSES; PALATABILITY; QUALITY; TENDERNESS; BRAHMAN; MEAT; PH AB The objectives of this experiment were to characterize longissimus muscle color, texture, and firmness for beef carcasses of diverse biological types and to determine the genetic parameters of lean color, texture, and firmness. The carcasses (n = 3,641) used in this experiment were from steers produced by mating Angus, Brahman, Braunvieh, Charolais, Chianina, Galloway, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Jersey, Limousin, Longhorn, Maine Anjou, Nellore, Piedmontese, Pinzgauer, Red Poll, Sahiwal, Salers, Shorthorn, Simmental, South Devon, and Tarentaise sires to Hereford and Angus dams. Steers were fed a corn-corn silage diet from weaning until slaughter at 356 to 575 d of age. Steers were slaughtered at commercial packing plants and longissimus muscle color, texture, and firmness were scored by trained carcass evaluators. Sire line least squares means for lean color, texture, and firmness ranged approximately one unit on a 7-point scale. Chianina crosses had darker-colored lean than all breed groups except Tarentaise and Simmental crosses (P < .05). Moreover, a higher percentage (P < .05) of Chianina crosses than of all other breed groups had unacceptably dark-colored (''dark red'' or darker) lean. Bos indicus sire lines were not different from Bos taurus sire lines in frequency of carcasses with unacceptably dark-colored lean. However, Bos indicus crosses were more likely to be scored ''very light cherry-red.'' Lean color and texture were lowly heritable, whereas lean firmness was moderately heritable. Thus, this experiment demonstrated that there is genetic variation in the incidence of the DFD condition; however, genetic variation was small relative to environmental variation. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP SHACKELFORD, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 22 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 72 IS 2 BP 337 EP 343 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MV657 UT WOS:A1994MV65700009 PM 8157518 ER PT J AU SMITH, DJ PAULSON, GD AF SMITH, DJ PAULSON, GD TI GROWTH-CHARACTERISTICS OF RATS RECEIVING RACTOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND THE METABOLIC DISPOSITION OF RACTOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE AFTER ORAL OR INTRAPERITONEAL ADMINISTRATION SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RACTOPAMINE; METABOLISM; ABSORPTION; GROWTH ID BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS; BODY-COMPOSITION; FINISHING SWINE; CARCASS COMPOSITION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; MEAT QUALITY; PHARMACOKINETICS; CIMATEROL; FENOTEROL; CLENBUTEROL AB Objectives of this study were 1) to measure the effect of oral or i.p. administration of ractopamine HCl on growth and feed utilization in rats, 2) to determine the total adsorption of [C-14]ractopamine HCl after oral administration, and 3) to determine the disposition of radioactivity and the urinary elimination of unchanged [C-14]ractopamine in rats after oral or i.p. administration of [C-14]ractopamine. Twenty-seven female Sprague-Dawley rats (164.6 +/- 5.7 g) were randomly assigned to control (CONT), oral (ORAL), and i.p. (IP) treatments. Control and ORAL rats were implanted i.p with sham pumps, and IP rats were implanted i.p. with osmotic pumps primed to deliver 312 mu g of ractopamine HCl per 24 h. Control and IP rats received no dietary ractopamine, but ORAL rats received 20 mg of ractopamine HCl/kg of diet. The IP rats had greater cumulative net weight gains and ADG on d 2, 6, 8, 10, and 12 than CONT rats. The ADFI was greater for ORAL rats on d 2 and 4 than for CONT rats, and the gain:feed ratio was greater on d 2, 6, 8, 10, and 12 for IP rats than for CONT rats. Net weight gain, ADG, and gain:feed ratio did not differ between ORAL and CONT rats. Absorption of radioactivity administered orally as [C-14]ractopamine (2.9 mg) was 87.9% during a 24-h experimental period; biliary, urinary, and fecal excretion of radioactivity was 58.5%, 28.7%, and 1.4% of that administered, respectively. Urine from rats dosed orally with [C-14]ractopamine contained 1.9% of the radioactivity as the parent compound, and urine from rats dosed i.p. contained 22.6% of the radioactivity as parent ractopamine. Ractopamine HCl increased weight gain and efficiency of feed utilization when administered i.p. to rats, but not when administered orally. The ineffectiveness of oral ractopamine for stimulating the growth of rats was probably due to extensive presystemic metabolism of ractopamine. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 59 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 72 IS 2 BP 404 EP 414 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MV657 UT WOS:A1994MV65700016 PM 7908900 ER PT J AU KAMWANJA, LA CHASE, CC GUTIERREZ, JA GUERRIERO, V OLSON, TA HAMMOND, AC HANSEN, PJ AF KAMWANJA, LA CHASE, CC GUTIERREZ, JA GUERRIERO, V OLSON, TA HAMMOND, AC HANSEN, PJ TI RESPONSES OF BOVINE LYMPHOCYTES TO HEAT-SHOCK AS MODIFIED BY BREED AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; BREEDS; HEAT RESISTANCE; LYMPHOCYTES; ANTIOXIDANTS ID POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; GLUTATHIONE METABOLISM; SELECTIVE MODIFICATION; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; THERMOTOLERANCE; FIBROBLASTS; EMBRYOS; INVITRO; HSP70; PROLIFERATION AB We tested whether resistance of lymphocytes to heat stress is modified by breed, intracellular glutathione content, and extracellular antioxidants. In the first experiment, lymphocytes from Angus (Bos taurus, non-heat-tolerant), Brahman (B. indicus, heat-tolerant), and Senepol (B. taurus, heat-tolerant) heifers (12 heifers per breed) were cultured at 45 degrees C for 3 h to evaluate thermal killing, at 42 degrees C for 12 h in a 60-h phytohemagglutin-induced proliferation test, and at 42 degrees C for 1 h to measure induction of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Killing at 45 degrees C was affected by breed x temperature (P <.01); the decrease in viability caused by a temperature of 45 degrees C was greater for Angus than for Brahman or Senep ol. For phytohemagglutinin- stimulated lymphocytes, heating to 42 degrees C reduced [H-3]thymidine incorporation equally for all breeds. Viability at the end of culture was affected (P <.001) by a breed x temperature interaction because the decrease in viability caused by culture at 42 degrees C was greatest for lymphocytes from Angus heifers. Heat shock for 1 h at 42 degrees C caused a two- to threefold increase in intracellular concentrations of HSP70, but there was no interaction of temperature with breed. In another experiment (with lymphocytes harvested from three Holstein cows), buthionine sulfoximine, a glutathione synthesis inhibitor, inhibited (P <.01) proliferation of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes at 38.5 and 42 degrees C. Addition of the antioxidants glutathione or thioredoxin to culture did not reduce the effects of heating to 42 degrees C on proliferation. In summary, lymphocyte resistance to heat shock differed between breeds. There was no evidence that this effect is caused by differential HSP70 synthesis. Although intracellular antioxidant status affected lymphocyte proliferation, exogenous glutathione or thioredoxin did not overcome the effects of heat shock. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT DAIRY SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ANIM SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV MALAWI,BUNDA COLL AGR,DEPT ANIM SCI,LILONGWE,MALAWI. USDA ARS,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34605. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ANIM SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. NR 33 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 72 IS 2 BP 438 EP 444 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MV657 UT WOS:A1994MV65700021 PM 8157528 ER PT J AU CHASE, CC BASTIDAS, P RUTTLE, JL LONG, CR RANDEL, RD AF CHASE, CC BASTIDAS, P RUTTLE, JL LONG, CR RANDEL, RD TI GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT IN BRAHMAN BULLS FED DIETS CONTAINING GOSSYPOL SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BULLS; GOSSYPOL; GROWTH; PUBERTY; TESTES; TESTOSTERONE ID PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; WHOLE COTTONSEED; SEMEN QUALITY; DIGESTIBILITY; SEASON; COWS; MEAL AB To determine the effect of gossypol on growth and reproductive development, Brahman bulls (n = 30) were fed diets containing gossypol(6 or 60 mg kg BW-1 d(-1) or a diet free of gossypol from weaning through puberty. Diets contained cottonseed meal (CSM), whole cottonseed (WCS), or soybean meal (SBM) as the major sources of dietary CP. Diets were formulated to provide similar NE(g) for medium-framed bulls to gain .9 kg/d. Measurements of BW and scrotal circumference were obtained at 28-d intervals, and beginning at 10 mo of age electroejaculates were collected at 14-d intervals. By 196 d on feed, bulls fed WCS had gained less (P <.05) BW and tended (P < .10) to have lower gain/feed than bulls fed CSM. When spermatozoa were first detected in an ejaculate, bulls fed CSM tended (P <.10) to be younger than bulls fed WCS (357 vs 386 d; SBM = 380 d); bulls fed SBM were heavier(P <.05) than bulls fed gossypol (333 vs 310 kg), but they had similar scrotal circumferences. Bulls fed WCS reached puberty at an older (P <.05) age (613 d) than bulls fed CSM (528 d; SBM = 550 d) but had similar BW and scrotal circumferences. Electroejaculated semen quality and quantity did not differ (P >.10) between treatments at puberty. Seminiferous tubule diameters did not differ(P >.10) among treatments, but bulls fed diets that contained gossypol had larger (P <.01) lumenal diameters, smaller (P <.01) germinal epithelium thicknesses, and fewer (P <.01) germ cell layers than bulls fed SBM diets. Circulating concentrations of testosterone at three stages of maturity were not affected(P >.10) by diet. In summary, bulls fed WCS reached puberty at an older age but had similar BW as bulls fed SBM or CSM. Gossypol affected testicular morphology but did not affect semen quality at puberty; the mechanism cannot be determined from this study. C1 TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,OVERTON,TX 75684. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP CHASE, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34605, USA. NR 40 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 72 IS 2 BP 445 EP 452 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MV657 UT WOS:A1994MV65700022 PM 8157529 ER PT J AU HAMMOND, AC AF HAMMOND, AC TI ANIMAL WELL-BEING IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA Estonian DT Article DE ANIMAL RESEARCH; TESTING; ANIMAL WELFARE; BIOETHICS; PHARMACOLOGY; TOXICOLOGY ID WELFARE AB The primary objective of this paper is to heighten the awareness of animal welfare issues among animal scientists. Emphasis is placed on issues relating to pharmacology and toxicology research with animals. Use of both laboratory animals and farm animals is addressed; major consideration is given to domestic livestock. Animal welfare issues are complex and have philosophical, ethical, legal, societal, scientific, and biological bases and implications. There is substantial diversity in public opinion and perception regarding use of animals in research, including the belief among some people that use of animals in research should be eliminated altogether. Increasingly, public opinion is tending toward expectations of alternatives to the use of live animals for research. From an animal scientist's viewpoint, although the availability and development of viable alternatives are increasing, live animal research in pharmacology and toxicology currently has no acceptable alternative, in many cases because of the complex interactions involved in whole-animal (biological) systems. Compliance with federal, state, and local laws, regulations, and policies requires animal scientists to use only appropriate species for research, use the minimum number of animals needed, minimize pain and discomfort, and consider alternatives to the use of live animals. In summary, it is essential that animal scientists be advocates of animal well-being and adhere to appropriate guidelines for animal care and use when conducting research with animals. RP HAMMOND, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,POB 46,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34605, USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 72 IS 2 BP 523 EP 527 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MV657 UT WOS:A1994MV65700033 PM 8157540 ER PT J AU POPRAWSKI, TJ ROBERT, PH MANIANIA, NK AF POPRAWSKI, TJ ROBERT, PH MANIANIA, NK TI CONTACT TOXICITY OF THE MYCOTOXIN DESTRUXIN-E TO EMPOASCA-VITIS (GOTHE) (HOM, CICADELLIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE ENTOMOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; CYTO-TOXICITY; LARVAE; CYCLODEPSIPEPTIDES; INVITRO; CELLS AB The toxicity oi destruxin E for nymphs of Empoasca vitis (Gothe) was assessed in the laboratory using various administrative routes: 10 ml of a given concentration of the toxin (30, 100, 300 and 1000 ppm) were sprayed either on potato leaves or directly onto the insects, and 1 mu l of a 100 ppm concentration of toxin was applied onto the nora of the insects. Checks were made daily for 4 days and mortality in E. vitis was recorded. Natural mortality was less than 5%. Nymphs of E. vitis were susceptible to the insecticidal activity of destruxin E in all three treatments. Mortality was concentration-dependent in nymphs exposed to treated leaves and in nymphs sprayed directly. The potency of destruxin E was reflected in the low LC(50) values obtained: 46.4 ppm for insects exposed to treated leaves and 38.2 ppm for insects sprayed directly. The LT(50) values were 3.2 days (at 30 ppm) and 0.2 days (1000 ppm) for nymphs sprayed directly, and slightly higher for nymphs exposed to treated leaves. Analysis of data (100 ppm) showed that there was no significant difference in mortality due to either of the three bioassay procedures. Mortality rates were 87.5% in nymphs sprayed directly, 93.8% in nymphs exposed to treated leaves, and 78.1% in nymphs in the topical application test. The LT(50) value in the latter test (at 100 ppm) was 1.3 days. Contact insecticidal activity of destruxin E is demonstrated here for the first time. C1 INRA,RECH BIOL STN,F-78280 GUYANCOURT,FRANCE. INT CTR INSECT PHYSIOL & ECOL,MBITA,KENYA. RP POPRAWSKI, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOCONTROL LAB,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol.-Z. Angew. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 117 IS 2 BP 135 EP 143 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ND305 UT WOS:A1994ND30500003 ER PT J AU DALY, C NEILSON, RP PHILLIPS, DL AF DALY, C NEILSON, RP PHILLIPS, DL TI A STATISTICAL TOPOGRAPHIC MODEL FOR MAPPING CLIMATOLOGICAL PRECIPITATION OVER MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIVARIATE GEOSTATISTICS; REGIONS AB The demand for climatological precipitation fields on a regular grid is growing dramatically as ecological and hydrological models become increasingly linked to geographic information systems that spatially represent and manipulate model output. This paper presents an analytical model that distributes point measurements of monthly and annual precipitation to regularly spaced grid cells in midlatitude regions. PRISM (Precipitation-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model) brings a combination of climatological and statistical concepts to the analysis of orographic precipitation. Specifically, PRISM 1) uses a digital elevation model (DEM) to estimate the ''orographic'' elevations of precipitation stations; 2) uses the DEM and a windowing technique to group stations onto individual topographic facets; 3) estimates precipitation at a DEM grid cell through a regression of precipitation versus DEM elevation developed from stations on the cell's topographic facet; and 4) when possible, calculates a prediction interval for the estimate, which is an approximation of the uncertainty involved. PRISM exhibited the lowest cross-validation bias and absolute error when compared to kriging, detrended kriging, and cokriging in the Willamette River basin, Oregon. PRISM was also applied to northern Oregon and to the entire western United States; detrended kriging and cokriging could not be used, because there was no overall relationship between elevation and precipitation. Cross-validation errors in these applications were confined to relatively low levels because PRISM continually adjusts its frame of reference by using localized precipitation-DEM elevation relationships. C1 US FOREST SERV,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP DALY, C (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,200 SW 35TH ST,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. RI Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009; Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 49 TC 1431 Z9 1480 U1 17 U2 136 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 33 IS 2 BP 140 EP 158 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1994)033<0140:ASTMFM>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MW750 UT WOS:A1994MW75000002 ER PT J AU CROOK, FW AF CROOK, FW TI ECONOMIC-TRENDS IN CHINESE AGRICULTURE - THE IMPACT OF THE POST-MAO REFORMS - KUEH,YY, ASH,R SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES LA English DT Book Review RP CROOK, FW (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN ASIAN STUDIES INC PI ANN ARBOR PA UNIV MICH 1 LANE HALL, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0021-9118 J9 J ASIAN STUD JI J. Asian Stud. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 53 IS 1 BP 167 EP 168 DI 10.2307/2059554 PG 2 WC Area Studies; Asian Studies SC Area Studies; Asian Studies GA NG888 UT WOS:A1994NG88800038 ER PT J AU HUNT, CD HERBEL, JL IDSO, JP AF HUNT, CD HERBEL, JL IDSO, JP TI DIETARY BORON MODIFIES THE EFFECTS OF VITAMIN-D-3 NUTRITION ON INDEXES OF ENERGY SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION AND MINERAL METABOLISM IN THE CHICK SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTS; GROWTH; EPIPHYSEAL; CARTILAGE; SECRETION; INSULIN; RATS AB An experiment was designed to test part of the hypothesis that physiologic amounts of dietary boron enhence utilization of or, alternatively, compensate for, inadequate concentrations of active vitamin D metabolites to normalize energy substrate utilization and mineral metabolism. Day-old cockerel chicks were fed a ground corn, high-protein casein, corn oil-based diet (less than or equal to 0.18 mg B/kg) supplemented with physiologic amounts of boron (as orthoboric acid) at 0 (non-PSB) or 1.4 (PSB) mg/kg and vitamin D-3 (as vitamin D-3 powder in corn endosperm carrier) at 3.13 (inadequate, IVD) or 15.6 (adequate, AVD) mu g/kg. After 26 days, IVD decreased food consumption and plasma calcium concentrations and increased plasma concentrations of glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, triglycerides, triiodothyronine, cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase activity. In the IVD chicks, PSB returned plasma glucose and triglycerides to concentrations exhibited by the AVD chicks and increased food consumption in both IVD and AVD chicks. Histologic findings suggested that PSB enhanced maturation of the growth plate. A ninefold increase in dietary boron yielded only a twofold increase in plasma boron concentration and no increase in femur boron concentration, which suggests that boron is under homeostatic control. The findings suggest that boron acts on at least three separate metabolic sites because it compensates for perturbations in energy substrate utilization induced by vitamin D-3 deficiency, enhances major mineral content in bone, and, independently of vitamin D-3, enhances some indices of growth cartilage maturation. RP HUNT, CD (reprint author), US ARS,GFHNRC,POB 9034,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 30 TC 67 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 9 IS 2 BP 171 EP 182 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA MW246 UT WOS:A1994MW24600005 PM 8140930 ER PT J AU KRASNOFF, SB GUPTA, S AF KRASNOFF, SB GUPTA, S TI IDENTIFICATION OF THE ANTIBIOTIC PHOMALACTONE FROM THE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS HIRSUTELLA-THOMPSONII VAR SYNNEMATOSA SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BEAUVERIA; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; MEDFLY; CONIDIAL GERMINATION INHIBITOR; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; FUNGAL TOXIN; HIRSUTELLA; METARHIZIUM; MYCOTOXIN; PHOMALACTONE; RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA; DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE AB Dichloromethane extracts of culture broth from three strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Hirsutella thompsonii var. synnematosa were toxic to two species of tephritid fruit fly and inhibited conidial germination in vitro in several other entomopathogenic fungi including Beauveria bassiana, Tolypocladium spp., and Metarhizium anisopliae. A major metabolite, toxic to apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella, and inhibitory to conidial germination in B. bassiana, was isolated and identified as the antibiotic (+)-phomalactone, 6-(1-propenyl)-5,-6-dihydro-5-hydroxypyran-2-one. This is the first biologically active compound of low molecular weight isolated from the genus Hirsutella. RP KRASNOFF, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 7 U2 11 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 20 IS 2 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.1007/BF02064437 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MX447 UT WOS:A1994MX44700006 PM 24242054 ER PT J AU NOLTE, DL MASON, JR LEWIS, SL AF NOLTE, DL MASON, JR LEWIS, SL TI TOLERANCE OF BITTER COMPOUNDS BY AN HERBIVORE, CAVIA-PORCELLUS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AVOIDANCE; BITTER; CAVIA-PORCELLUS; DENATONIUM BENZOATE; DENATONIUM SACCHARIDE; GUINEA PIG; LIMONENE; L-PHENYLALANINE; NARINGIN; QUEBRACHO; QUININE; SUCROSE OCTAACETATE ID DENATONIUM SACCHARIDE AB Many plant defensive chemicals are bitter to humans. Because of this taste characteristic, and because bitter compounds are often toxic, such substances, and the plants that contain them, are regarded as generally unpalatable to wildlife. These assumptions may be unwarranted. To test the hypothesis that herbivores are indifferent to 'bitter' tastants, we investigated the responsiveness of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) to denatonium benzoate, denatonium saccharide, limonene, L-phenylalanine, naringin, quebracho, quinine, Ro-Pel (a commercial animal repellent containing denatonium saccharide) and sucrose octaacetate. Only quinine and sucrose octaacetate slightly but significantly reduced feeding (P < 0.05). Our findings are inconsistent with the notion that herbivores generally avoid what humans describe as bitter tastes. C1 MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP NOLTE, DL (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,1835 BLACK LAKE BLVD SW,OLYMPIA,WA 98512, USA. RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 19 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 20 IS 2 BP 303 EP 308 DI 10.1007/BF02064438 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MX447 UT WOS:A1994MX44700007 PM 24242055 ER PT J AU CLARK, L SHAH, P AF CLARK, L SHAH, P TI TESTS AND REFINEMENTS OF A GENERAL STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY MODEL FOR AVIAN REPELLENTS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACETOPHENONES; BENZOATES; BIRD REPELLENTS; IRRITANT; RECEPTOR MODEL; STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS; STURNUS-VULGARIS; TRIGEMINAL ID CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; AVERSIVENESS; MECHANISMS; STARLINGS AB We tested the robustness of a structure-activity model for avian trigeminal chemoirritants. Fourteen benzoates and acetophenones were tested using European starlings Sturnus vulgaris as a bioassay. In general, the previously proposed model was a reasonable predictor of repellency (i.e., irritant potency). We found that the presence of a phenyl ring was critical to repellency. Basicity of the molecule is the next most critical feature influencing repellency. The presence of an acidic function within the electron-withdrawing functionality seriously detracts from repellency. The presence or absence of an electron-withdrawing or -donating group may potentiate repellent effects, but its presence is not critical, so long as the phenyl ring is electron rich. Our data suggest that there is an o-aminoacetophenone/methyl anthranilate trigeminal chemoreceptor in birds analogous to the mammalian capsaicin receptor. Both receptors contain a benzene site. However, birds seem to lack the associated thiol/hydrogen-bonding site present in mammals which is needed to activate the benzene site. Rather, birds may possess an associated exposed charged site that in tum may interact with the stimulus to activate the benzene site. These differences may explain the differential sensitivity of birds and mammals to aromatic irritants. C1 MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP CLARK, L (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 20 IS 2 BP 321 EP 339 DI 10.1007/BF02064441 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MX447 UT WOS:A1994MX44700010 PM 24242058 ER PT J AU SUZUKI, M VANVLECK, LD AF SUZUKI, M VANVLECK, LD TI HERITABILITY AND REPEATABILITY FOR MILK-PRODUCTION TRAITS OF JAPANESE HOLSTEINS FROM AN ANIMAL-MODEL SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE JAPANESE HOLSTEIN; MILK PRODUCTION; HERITABILITY; REPEATABILITY ID RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; ESTIMATING VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; YIELD; FAT AB Records of the first three lactations of cows were obtained from the file of the Dairy Herd Testing Association in Hokkaido. The data were divided into 10 files containing approximately 24,000 cows each. The derivative-free REML method was used to estimate variances with a repeatability model. The model contained herd-year, calving month, and the linear and quadratic effects of age at calving as fixed effects; additive genetic, permanent environmental, and temporary environmental effects were the random effects. Estimates from the 10 data files were pooled into a simple arithmetic mean. Empirical standard errors were calculated from the samples. Average estimates of heritability were the same for milk and fat yields (h2 = .30). Heritabilities for protein (h2 = .26) and SNF yields (h2 = .27) are slightly lower than those for milk and fat yields. Estimates of repeatabilities, .52 to .54, are considerably different from those now used for genetic evaluations in Japan. C1 OBIHIRO UNIV AGR & VET MED,DEPT ANIM PROD & AGR ECON,OBIHIRO,HOKKAIDO 080,JAPAN. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP SUZUKI, M (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 77 IS 2 BP 583 EP 588 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA MX837 UT WOS:A1994MX83700025 PM 8182183 ER PT J AU DADO, RG SHOOK, GE MERTENS, DR AF DADO, RG SHOOK, GE MERTENS, DR TI NUTRIENT-REQUIREMENTS AND FEED COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT IN PRODUCTION OF MILK COMPONENTS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GENETIC SELECTION; FEED COSTS; MILK COMPONENTS; NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS ID ECONOMIC WEIGHTS; DAIRY-CATTLE; EFFICIENCY; SELECTION; COWS; INDEXES; PRICES AB Dietary requirements for NE(L) and absorbed true protein were summarized for marginal production of milk components because of genetic improvement through selection. Shelled corn and soybean meal were used to meet marginal nutrient requirements and were assigned variable concentrations of absorbed true protein, depending on rumen-available energy and protein. Mean ratios among national averages for shelled com to milk prices and soybean meal to milk prices (DM: standardized milk, dollars per kilogram) over a recent 25-yr period were .52 and 1.20, respectively. Stability of these relationships over time permits estimation of feed costs from milk price as prices inflate. Feed costs per kilogram of component, expressed as kilograms of standardized milk with equivalent value, were 1.00 for lactose, 1.89 for fat, and 3.49 for protein. Costs of milk protein were higher if production of absorbed true protein was limited by rumen-available energy, suggesting that selection for fat or lactose, in addition to protein, may be beneficial. High feed costs for milk protein indicate a need for adequate compensation to producers for milk protein and consideration of feed costs during selection. A net value index is proposed that considers feed costs associated with marginal production of individual milk components. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 77 IS 2 BP 598 EP 608 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA MX837 UT WOS:A1994MX83700027 PM 8182185 ER PT J AU KEHRLI, ME SHUSTER, DE AF KEHRLI, ME SHUSTER, DE TI FACTORS AFFECTING MILK SOMATIC-CELLS AND THEIR ROLE IN HEALTH OF THE BOVINE MAMMARY-GLAND SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MASTITIS; SOMATIC CELLS; NEUTROPHILS; MAMMARY GLAND ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI ENDOTOXIN; INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; CLINICAL MASTITIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; NEUTROPHIL FUNCTION; LEUKOCYTE ADHESION; CHALLENGE EXPOSURE AB Milk somatic cells play a protective role against infectious disease in the bovine mammary gland. Many genetic and environmental factors affect the number and kinds of leukocytes that account for the vast majority of somatic cells in milk. Neutrophils constitute the vast majority of somatic cells in mammary glands that are infected with mastitis pathogens. The recruitment of neutrophils into the infected mammary gland is a normal part of the cow's defense mechanisms that is very effective for eradicating the majority of infections that occur. For many reasons, milk production and milk quality are negatively impacted by the presence of inflammation in infected glands. Because of the negative effects of high SCC in milk, various approaches are needed to reduce milk SCC. In the future, genetic gains for milk quality and mastitis resistance may be made by removing bulls from breeding programs when their daughters are predisposed to high SCC. C1 AMER CYANAMID CO,DIV AGR RES,IMMUNOL GRP,PRINCETON,NJ 08543. RP KEHRLI, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 87 TC 147 Z9 157 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 77 IS 2 BP 619 EP 627 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA MX837 UT WOS:A1994MX83700030 PM 8182187 ER PT J AU SHOOK, GE SCHUTZ, MM AF SHOOK, GE SCHUTZ, MM TI SELECTION ON SOMATIC-CELL SCORE TO IMPROVE RESISTANCE TO MASTITIS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MASTITIS; SOMATIC CELL COUNT; GENETIC IMPROVEMENT; SELECTION ID DAIRY-CATTLE; GENETIC-PARAMETERS; CLINICAL MASTITIS; MILK-PRODUCTION; COUNTS; LACTATION; COWS; HERITABILITIES; INFECTION; PARITIES AB Increased genetic susceptibility to mastitis has accompanied the rapid genetic increase in milk yield, and genetic selection for mastitis resistance should be considered. Somatic cell score is recommended as an indicator trait to achieve genetic improvement for mastitis resistance. Heritability of somatic cell score is around 10%, and genetic correlation between somatic cell score and clinical mastitis is around .6 to .8. Selection for lower somatic cell score is consistent with the goal of maximizing genetic improvement for total economic merit and should be included in breeding programs. National genetic evaluations for somatic cells scores will use the same animal models and methods as are currently used for milk yield traits. Reliabilities of PTA for somatic cell scores will be smaller than for yield traits because of lower heritability and availability of records from fewer cows. Several forms are proposed for reporting genetic evaluations of somatic cells to producers, and advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Using somatic cell scores for breeding decisions would marginally decrease genetic gain for milk yield and increase total economic merit. Optimal selection indexes would slow the rate of increase in mastitis, rather than decrease its incidence. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SHOOK, GE (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 41 TC 117 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 77 IS 2 BP 648 EP 658 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA MX837 UT WOS:A1994MX83700033 PM 8182190 ER PT J AU XU, G BULL, DL AF XU, G BULL, DL TI ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE FROM THE HORN FLY (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) - DISTRIBUTION AND PURIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HAEMATOBIA-IRRITANS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY ID HESPERUS KNIGHT HEMIPTERA; FLIES DIPTERA; RESISTANT ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; MANAGEMENT; MIRIDAE; DROSOPHILA; INHIBITION; MIXTURES; PARAOXON AB Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in newly emerged adults of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), was distributed mostly in the head (72.9%), less in the thorax (24.4%), and least in the abdomen (2.7%). The major portion of total AChE was membrane-bound and associated primarily with the microsomes. The enzyme was solubilized with phosphate buffer containing 0.5% (vol/vol) of Triton X-100 and purified with affinity chromatography. The extent of purification was about 217-fold for the membranous fraction and 329-fold for the soluble fraction of whole fly homogenates with recoveries of 55% and 79%, respectively. The extent of purification reached 600- and 784-fold for the membranous and the soluble fractions, respectively, in the collections of eluents with peaked activity of AChE. Electrophoresis revealed four bands of AChE activity in the membrane-bound preparation and three bands in the soluble preparation. Silver staining of the electrophoresed gels showed that the major proteins in purified AChE solutions corresponded with AChE bands. RP XU, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB, COLLEGE STN, TX 77845 USA. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 87 IS 1 BP 20 EP 26 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR613 UT WOS:A1994NR61300005 ER PT J AU TEPEDINO, VJ FROHLICH, DR BAIRD, CR AF TEPEDINO, VJ FROHLICH, DR BAIRD, CR TI EFFECT OF INTERTUNNEL DISTANCE AND NEST-SURFACE ASPECT ON PROGENY PRODUCTION-RATE AND SEX-RATIO IN THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE (HYMENOPTERA, MEGACHILIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA; NESTING; MANAGEMENT ID PARENTAL INVESTMENT; SOLITARY BEE; VARIABILITY; SUCCESS AB Populations of he alfalfa pollinator, Megachile rotundata (F.), nest in dense aggregations in artificial shelters in alfalfa fields. The closeness of the nest tunnels in these shelters (5-10 mm apart) fosters what appear to be numerous counterproductive interactions among females. By increasing the distance between nest tunnels and patterning the nest-block surface to help orient bees returning from foraging trips, we sought to reduce interactions and to increase both the number of progeny produced and the proportion of female progeny. Only the nest-block surface aspect affected progeny production rate; progeny were produced at a significantly faster rate in patterned blocks than in plain blocks. Intertunnel distance did not affect progeny production rate. Nest blocks with tunnels 5 mm apart contained a significantly greater proportion of female progeny than did nest blocks with tunnels spaced farther apart. Sex ratio of progeny was unaffected by surface patterning of blocks. Females strongly preferred patterned to plain blocks and preferred 5-mm and 2-cm intertunnel distances to those of 4 cm. Beekeepers and alfalfa growers can increase bee productivity by supplying patterned nest blocks with intertunnel distances between 5 and 10 mm. C1 SW IDAHO RES & EXTENS CTR,PARMA,ID 83660. RP TEPEDINO, VJ (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BEE BIOL & SYSTEMAT LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 87 IS 1 BP 27 EP 30 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR613 UT WOS:A1994NR61300006 ER PT J AU FARRAR, RR RIDGWAY, RL AF FARRAR, RR RIDGWAY, RL TI COMPARATIVE-STUDIES OF THE EFFECTS OF NUTRIENT-BASED PHAGOSTIMULANTS ON 6 LEPIDOPTEROUS INSECT PESTS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LEPIDOPTERA; PHAGOSTIMULANT; ADJUVANT ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; GROWTH; VIRUS AB The effects of five commercial, nutrient-based phagostimulants-Pheast (AgriSense), Coax (CCT), Gusto (Atochem North America), Entice (Custom Chemicides), and Mo-Bait (Loveland Industries)-on the feeding behavior of six lepidopteran insect species were compared. The species were gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lymantriidae); com earworm, Helicoverpa (Heliothis) zea (Boddie); fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith); beet armyworm, S. exigua (Hubner) (Noctuidae); European com borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Pyralidae); and diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Plutellidae). Consumption of cellulose-agar media containing phagostimulants and of leaf disks treated with phagostimulants was measured. Comparisons of responses of larvae in terms of attraction and arrestancy were made with untreated filter paper or filter paper treated with phagostimulant. Large differences in consumption between phagostimulants were found when we used cellulose-agar media. However, differences in consumption were smaller when plant material was used as a substrate, especially in choice (treated versus control) tests. The four phagostimulants that contained high percentages of protein generally elicited stronger responses than the phagostimulant containing primarily sugars (Mo-Bait). Overall, Pheast tended to elicit the greatest response; Mo-Bait, elicited the least. Some attractancy and arrestancy were noted, except with L. dispar, but no differences between phagostimulants were found. The methods used here for the comparative evaluation of phagostimulants should be useful in developing practical applications of feeding stimulants to increase the efficacy of microbial and other insect control agents under practical field conditions. RP FARRAR, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 87 IS 1 BP 44 EP 52 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR613 UT WOS:A1994NR61300009 ER PT J AU BELL, MR HAYES, JL AF BELL, MR HAYES, JL TI AREA-WIDE MANAGEMENT OF COTTON BOLLWORM AND TOBACCO BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) THROUGH APPLICATION OF A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS ON EARLY-SEASON ALTERNATE HOSTS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COTTON BOLLWORM; TOBACCO BUDWORM; BACULOVIRUS ID HELIOTHIS-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; MISSISSIPPI; VIRESCENS; DELTA; WILD AB A field trial was done in 1990 using aircraft to treat all vegetation in a 259-km2 area with the nuclear polyhedrosis virus from the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), to control the first generation of bollworm and tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.). Bioassays of early-season hosts from the treated area indicated that almost-equal-to 12% as much virus and 8% as many spray droplets were deposited on the plants compared with results of a previous small-area study. Although the area-wide viral coverage on target plants was inadequate, results of pheromone trap data indicated that populations of emerging adults were reduced 19-38% compared with adults from untreated areas. The virus remained active on the host plants (i.e., 47% of the original virus activity remained 9 d after treatment). In cage testing areas where bioassays indicated that somewhat more virus was deposited, we detected a 41% average reduction in adult emergence in cages placed over treated wild hosts compared with untreated areas. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. RP BELL, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 87 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR613 UT WOS:A1994NR61300010 ER PT J AU HAYES, JL BELL, M AF HAYES, JL BELL, M TI EVALUATION OF EARLY-SEASON BACULOVIRUS TREATMENT FOR SUPPRESSION OF HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS AND HELICOVERPA-ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) OVER A WIDE AREA SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELIOTHIS HELICOVERPA; BACULOVIRUS; AREA-WIDE EVALUATION ID MISSISSIPPI; MANAGEMENT; MOVEMENT; TRAPS AB Pheromone trap counts of F1 male cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), were used to assess the effect of areawide suppression achieved by early-season application of a Helicoverpa/Heliothis-specific nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Eggs (F2) were collected from cotton and other hosts to characterize the surviving reproductive populations. Trap and egg collection sites were established at 1.6-km intervals (n = 5) in four cardinal directions from the center of control and treated plots (259 km2, almost-equal-to 10 by 10 mi). Traps also were placed at five additional intervals in four cardinal directions beyond the treated plot to assess the effect of dispersal. The effect of treatment was demonstrated by deviations in trap capture patterns within a year between treated and control plots and between years in the treated plot. Rates of increase between generations were calculated from the number of moths captured in one generation divided by the number from the previous generation. The rate of increase for the first field generation of H. virescens in the treated plot (1990) was 13% compared with 38% in the control plot (1990) and 38% in the treated plot in the year before treatment (1989). The rate of increase for the first field generation of H. zea was 36% in the treated plot (1990) compared with 55% in the control plot (1990) and 95% in the treated plot the year before treatment (1989). Rates of increase for both species in the subsequent generation remained low in the treated plot (1990) compared with the control plot (1990) and with the previous year (1989). Our results indicate that a single virus application can reduce the adult H. virescens and H. zea populations emerging from alternative hosts present early in the season. Other methods for improving the efficacy of treatments are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP HAYES, JL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 87 IS 1 BP 58 EP 66 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR613 UT WOS:A1994NR61300011 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, M IM, DJ ADAMS, JR VAUGHN, JL AF SHAPIRO, M IM, DJ ADAMS, JR VAUGHN, JL TI COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF LYMANTRIA NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS AND CYTOPLASMIC POLYHEDROSIS VIRUSES AGAINST THE GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; CYTOPLASMIC POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR AB Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), larvae were susceptible to both a Connecticut isolate of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) and a Korean isolate of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV). The NPV was considerably more virulent (LC50 = 18,115 polyhedral inclusion bodies [PIB] per ml) than the CPV (LC50 = 95,489 PIB per ml). Larvae infected with NPV also died more quickly than those infected with CPV. Larval weight was affected differently by the two viruses. In the case of NPV, larval weight among survivors at d 7 was not affected adversely until virus-caused mortality exceeded 70%. For CPV, larval weight was affected adversely before mortality caused by the virus bad occurred. C1 AGR SCI INST,DIV ENTOMOL,SUWON 441707,SOUTH KOREA. RP SHAPIRO, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 87 IS 1 BP 72 EP 75 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR613 UT WOS:A1994NR61300013 ER PT J AU VARGAS, RI MITCHELL, S HSU, CL WALSH, WA AF VARGAS, RI MITCHELL, S HSU, CL WALSH, WA TI LABORATORY EVALUATION OF DIETS OF PROCESSED CORNCOB, TORULA YEAST, AND WHEAT-GERM ON 4 DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CERATITIS-CAPITATA; DIETS; LIFE HISTORY TRAITS ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; MASS-PRODUCTION; LARVAL DIET; PROPENSITY; FLIES AB Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), larvae were reared on five diets (wheat millfeed [standard], processed corncob [PCC] + torula yeast, PCC + torula yeast + 1% wheat germ [WG], PCC + torula yeast + 3% WG, and PCC + torula yeast + 6% WG) through five consecutive generations to obtain measurements of the following five life history traits: duration of larval development, pupal recovery, pupal weight, adult fecundity, and egg fertility. The PCC + torula yeast diets produced insects with shorter larval developmental times and higher pupal recovery than the standard millfeed diet. In contrast, the millfeed diet produced the highest pupal weight and adult fecundity. PCC diets fortified with wheat germ produced Mediterranean fruit flies with the highest egg fertility. These results suggest that PCC/wheat germ diets produce Mediterranean fruit flies of comparable quality to those commonly used in sterile insect programs. RP VARGAS, RI (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,POB 2280,HONOLULU,HI 96804, USA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 87 IS 1 BP 91 EP 95 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR613 UT WOS:A1994NR61300016 ER PT J AU WEISSLING, TJ KNIGHT, AL AF WEISSLING, TJ KNIGHT, AL TI PASSIVE TRAP FOR MONITORING CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) FLIGHT ACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CYDIA-POMONELLA; TRAPPING; BEHAVIOR ID SEX-PHEROMONE; MATING DISRUPTION; PLACEMENT; CATCHES; PEAR AB A new passive trap, constructed of rigid, clear plastic panes (0.3 m by 0.3 m), coated with an STP Oil Treatment film as an adhesive, was developed for monitoring codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), movement within and between orchard canopies. Tests showed that the trap was effective in recapturing released codling moth adults, that the adhesive was not attractive to moths, and that the adhesive was still effective after remaining on a trap for 1 wk in the field. Field experiments demonstrated that the passive pane-trap method is as efficient for catching moths as molasses-baited traps but that it is less efficient than pheromone-baited and blacklight traps placed in an orchard at equal densities. However, total capture of moths in plots treated with pane traps increased with trap density. RP WEISSLING, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,YAKIMA AGR RES LAB,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 29 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 87 IS 1 BP 103 EP 107 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR613 UT WOS:A1994NR61300019 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, DF VAIL, KM AF WILLIAMS, DF VAIL, KM TI CONTROL OF A NATURAL INFESTATION OF THE PHARAOH ANT (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) WITH A CORN GRIT BAIT OF FENOXYCARB SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MONOMORIUM-PHARAONIS; PHARAOH ANT; FENOXYCARB ID INSECT GROWTH-REGULATORS AB The insect growth regulator fenoxycarb was very effective against a natural infestation of the Pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis (L.). A large building (7,841 m2) containing four separate wings was used to evaluate two concentrations of fenoxycarb (0.5 and 1%) in oil on a com grit bait. Raid Max Ant Bait was used as a standard for comparative purposes. A separate wing was used for each treatment. One wing received no bait and functioned as a control. Our study demonstrated that 0.5% fenoxycarb in peanut butter oil was more effective than a 1% fenoxycarb bait and Raid Max Ant Bait; this treatment completely eliminated the ants <6 wk after treatment. Reinfestation in the 0.5% fenoxycarb-treated wing occurred 24 wk after treatment and only at two sites in the area treated. Although Raid Max eliminated the ants <6 wk after treatment, reinfestation occurred at 12 and 14 wk after treatment. Raid Max baits were applied again at 12 and 14 wk; no ants were detected in this wing after the 14-wk treatment. RP WILLIAMS, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 87 IS 1 BP 108 EP 115 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR613 UT WOS:A1994NR61300020 ER PT J AU PICKENS, LG MILLS, GD MILLER, RW AF PICKENS, LG MILLS, GD MILLER, RW TI INEXPENSIVE TRAP FOR CAPTURING HOUSE-FLIES (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) IN MANURE PITS OF CAGED-LAYER POULTRY HOUSES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MUSCA-DOMESTICA; TRAPPING; POULTRY AB An economical and easily constructed trap that captures large numbers of house flies, Musca domestica L., in dark interior areas such as the manure pits beneath high-rise, caged-layer poultry houses was devised. The trap is a Hodge-type trap with a single 40-W blacklight fluorescent bulb and a reflector. Over a 30-d period, three traps hung in the manure pit of a layer house that had a calculated daily fly population of 1,134,000 flies. Each trap averaged 10,500 flies (1% of the population) per day. The traps required cleaning only once every 30 d. RP PICKENS, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LIVESTOCK INSECT LAB,BLDG 177-A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 87 IS 1 BP 116 EP 119 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR613 UT WOS:A1994NR61300021 ER PT J AU SHARP, JL GOULD, WP AF SHARP, JL GOULD, WP TI CONTROL OF CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) IN GRAPEFRUIT BY FORCED HOT AIR AND HYDROCOOLING SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; HYDROCOOL; QUARANTINE SECURITY ID QUARANTINE TREATMENT; WATER; MORTALITY AB Mortality of Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), eggs and larvae in 'Marsh' white grapefruit, Citrus paradisi Macfadyen, heated with 48 +/- 0.3-degrees-C forced air until center pulp temperatures were either 40-41-degrees-C or 44-45-degrees-C, was not affected by cooling the grapefruit in 10-degrees-C water. Mortalities were 96.5 and 95.2% of immatures from hydrocooled and air-cooled grapefruits, respectively, heated to 40-41-degrees-C. Mortalities were 100% from hydrocooled and air-cooled grapefruits heated to 44-45-degrees-C. Immersing grapefruits that were heated until centers were less-than-or-equal-to 37-degrees-C produced different results. Mortalities were 13.3 and 39.5% from hydrocooled and air-cooled grapefruits, respectively, heated to 28-29-degrees-C. Mortalities were 78.1 and 83.8% from hydrocooled and air-cooled grapefruits, respectively, heated to 36-37-degrees-C. Comparisons of the mortality estimates between grapefruits hydrocooled and air cooled at both probit 5 and probit 9 were significantly different (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05). The probit 5 (50% mortality) estimates for immatures from hydrocooled grapefruit were 84.9 min and 68.1 min for air-cooled grapefruit. The probit 9 (99.9968% mortality) estimates for immatures were 181.7 min for hydrocooled grapefruit and 213.9 min for air-cooled grapefruit. Quarantine security was not jeopardized when grapefruit was heated to 44-45-degrees-C at the center and then immersed in 10-degrees-C water. RP SHARP, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 87 IS 1 BP 131 EP 133 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR613 UT WOS:A1994NR61300024 ER PT J AU WEBB, RE SHAPIRO, M PODGWAITE, JD RIDGWAY, RL VENABLES, L WHITE, GB ARGAUER, RJ COHEN, DL WITCOSKY, J KESTER, KM THORPE, KW AF WEBB, RE SHAPIRO, M PODGWAITE, JD RIDGWAY, RL VENABLES, L WHITE, GB ARGAUER, RJ COHEN, DL WITCOSKY, J KESTER, KM THORPE, KW TI EFFECT OF OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS ON THE EFFICACY OF GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS IN FOREST PLOTS WITH HIGH OR LOW-LEVELS OF NATURAL VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR (L); NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; OPTICAL BRIGHTENER ID NUCLEOPOLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; BACULOVIRUS ACTIVITY; GYPCHEK; POPULATIONS; ENHANCEMENT AB Doses of a standard formulation of Gypchek (gypsy moth NPV) containing the sunscreen Orzan and a sticker were evaluated against gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), along with experimental aqueous formulations of Gypchek in which Orzan was replaced by stilbene disulfonic acid optical brighteners, Phorwite AR (1991) or Blankophor BBH (1992), that had acted as potentiating agents for the virus in laboratory tests. The treatments were applied to gypsy-moth-infested small (0.02 ha) forest plots where preliminary studies had demonstrated high (1991) or low (1992) levels of natural gypsy moth NPV. In 1991, treatments included two lower concentrations of Gypchek with the formulation containing Orzan as well as the formulation containing Phorwite AR. In 1992, treatments were the lower dose of Gypchek with two levels of Blankophor BBH, one dose of cell-culture-produced gypsy moth NPV with one level of Blankophor BBH, Blankophor BBH alone, and untreated control plots. The 1991 treatments containing Phorwite AR had significantly higher levels of gypsy moth larval mortality and significantly reduced LT50s compared with equivalent treatments containing Orzan. The Phorwite AR increased the mortality of gypsy moths (caused by the natural virus) to that of the high dose of applied virus without Phorwite AR. In 1992, all treatments containing Blankophor BBH with the low dose of virus had levels of gypsy moth larval mortality equal to or higher than the standard formulation with the higher dose of virus, significantly higher levels of gypsy moth larval mortality than the standard formulation with the lower dose of virus, and significantly reduced LT50s compared with either of the treatments containing Orzan. Natural gypsy moth NPV levels remained low in the control plots, and Blankophor BBH applied alone significantly increased the mortality of gypsy moths. RP WEBB, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BLDG 402,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 87 IS 1 BP 134 EP 143 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR613 UT WOS:A1994NR61300025 ER PT J AU SOWER, LL MITCHELL, RG AF SOWER, LL MITCHELL, RG TI MATING DISRUPTION OF WESTERN PINE SHOOT BORER (LEPIDOPTERA, OLETHREUTIDAE) IN LODGEPOLE PINE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EUCOSMA-SONOMANA; MATING DISRUPTION; IMPACT ID EUCOSMA-SONOMANA LEPIDOPTERA; SYNTHETIC SEX ATTRACTANTS; PONDEROSA PINE; VERTICAL GROWTH; TORTRICIDAE; PLANTATIONS AB Pheromone disruption of the mating western pine shoot borer, Eucosma sonomana Kearfott, was tested in young lodgepole pines, Pinus contorta Douglas, in central Oregon. About 12.5 g of pheromone per hectare was applied in Hercon luretape to five 6-ha plots each year for 3 yr. Incidence of shoot borer larvae in terminal shoots was reduced from 77% infested in untreated plots to 48% in treated plots. This degree of efficacy, although statistically significant, was insufficient to result in measurably increased tree growth. Efficacy was lower than previously demonstrated in ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Laws. Terminals of trees located toward the treated plot centers were less likely to be infested than those near the edges. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,PORTLAND,OR 97208. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 87 IS 1 BP 144 EP 147 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR613 UT WOS:A1994NR61300026 ER PT J AU MORENO, DS MARTINEZ, AJ RIVIELLO, MS AF MORENO, DS MARTINEZ, AJ RIVIELLO, MS TI CYROMAZINE EFFECTS ON THE REPRODUCTION OF ANASTREPHA-LUDENS (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) IN THE LABORATORY AND IN THE FIELD SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANSTREPHA-LUDENS; CYROMAZINE; REPRODUCTION ID FACE FLY DIPTERA; SUBSTITUTED BENZYLPHENOLS; FLIES DIPTERA; HOUSE-FLY; MUSCIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; MALATHION; BAIT; IMPACT AB The effects of cyromazine on the adult Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), include mortality and reduced fecundity and survival of the F1 generation, Dosage-dependent mortality was recorded for concentrations from 0.125 to 16%. Neonate to 2-d-old females fed an artificial diet with 5% cyromazine were incapable of laying eggs in fruit with a resistance of penetration > 11 newtons. Laboratory observations showed that treated females could not insert their ovipositor into grapefruit rind. When the same females were given a soft substrate (parafilm membrane), they laid significantly fewer eggs than control females. The F1 generation of treated females developed significantly less in an artificial larval diet and in grapefruit in the field. A field test showed that grapefruit from treatments made with 5% cyromazine-NuLure mixture had significantly fewer larvae per fruit than the control. This difference did not occur with fruit from a 5% malathion treatment. RP MORENO, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,2301 S INT BLVD,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 87 IS 1 BP 202 EP 211 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR613 UT WOS:A1994NR61300035 ER PT J AU CHANDLER, LD SUMNER, HR MULLINIX, BG AF CHANDLER, LD SUMNER, HR MULLINIX, BG TI ASSESSMENT OF IRRIGATION-RELATED INSECTICIDE APPLICATION METHODS FOR CONTROL OF LEPIDOPTERAN INSECT PESTS OF SWEET CORN SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FALL ARMYWORM; CORN EARWORM; CHEMIGATION ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; CHEMIGATION; NOCTUIDAE; SUPPRESSION; OILS AB Application of insecticides through center-pivot irrigation systems during the spring and summer growing seasons of 1990 and 1991 was as efficient in controlling com earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), larvae in fresh-market com, Zea mays (L.), as was the application of insecticides with a high-clearance sprayer. Hollow cone and rotating irrigation sprinklers applied insecticides uniformly along the length of the pivot arm, resulting in less-than-or-equal-to 3% com ear damage in all growing seasons. Insect damage to ears following use of insecticides applied with a piggyback application system and a high-clearance sprayer was similar and generally above the acceptable range (less-than-or-equal-to 3% damaged ears) for fresh-market use in most growing seasons. Insecticides applied with the piggyback system failed to provide uniform insect control along the irrigation pivot arm in both 1990 and 1991. RP CHANDLER, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 87 IS 1 BP 212 EP 219 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR613 UT WOS:A1994NR61300036 ER PT J AU WEBSTER, JA INAYATULLAH, C HAMISSOU, M MIRKES, KA AF WEBSTER, JA INAYATULLAH, C HAMISSOU, M MIRKES, KA TI LEAF PUBESCENCE EFFECTS IN WHEAT ON YELLOW SUGARCANE APHIDS AND GREENBUGS (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE APHIDS; PLANT RESISTANCE; PUBESCENCE ID RESISTANCE; REGISTRATION; LEAVES AB Observations during previous wheat germ plasm evaluation tests indicated that wheat lines with high levels of leaf pubescence are resistant to the yellow sugareane aphid, Sipha flava (Forbes). Earlier work also suggested the same relationship for the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), but the evidence was not as strong. This research studied the effects of leaf pubescence on the two aphid species in greater detail. Trichome length and density measurements were made on second and third leaves from seedlings of six pubescent wheat entries and two nearly glabrous wheat cultivars. Yellow sugarcane aphid and greenbug antibiosis and antixenosis tests were conducted using standard methods for the antibiosis test and new techniques for the antixenosis test. The results showed that leaf surface pubescence is of questionable value in a greenbug plant resistance program, but it is an effective resistance mechanism against the yellow sugarcane aphid. RP USDA ARS, PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB, 1301 N WESTERN, STILLWATER, OK 74075 USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 87 IS 1 BP 231 EP 240 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR613 UT WOS:A1994NR61300039 ER PT J AU WEATHERSBEE, AA HARDEE, DD AF WEATHERSBEE, AA HARDEE, DD TI ABUNDANCE OF COTTON APHIDS (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) AND ASSOCIATED BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS ON 6 COTTON CULTIVARS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE APHIS-GOSSYPII; COTTON; HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE AB The seasonal abundance patterns of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, and its complex of biological control agents on six cotton cultivars differed among cultivars during much of the growing season. Differences in aphid populations among cultivars were >3-fold during the period of peak aphid abundance. Lower aphid densities were found on cultivars exhibiting the smooth-leaf character. Parasitism and predation may have reduced cotton aphid population growth early in the season. Entomopathogen infection was the primary cause of an aphid population reduction that occurred during the week after peak aphid abundance, and continued pathogen activity combined with predation maintained aphids at a low density for the remainder of the season. RP WEATHERSBEE, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,POB 346,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 23 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 87 IS 1 BP 258 EP 265 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NR613 UT WOS:A1994NR61300043 ER PT J AU CUTTER, CN SIRAGUSA, GR AF CUTTER, CN SIRAGUSA, GR TI EFFICACY OF ORGANIC-ACIDS AGAINST ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 ATTACHED TO BEEF CARCASS TISSUE USING A PILOT-SCALE MODEL CARCASS WASHER SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SHIGA-LIKE-TOXIN; SURFACES; DECONTAMINATION; SEROTYPE; MEAT; MICROORGANISMS; INHIBITION; REDUCTION; OUTBREAK; SYSTEM AB The efficacy of organic acids for controlling Escherichia coli O157:H7 attached to beef carcass tissue was determined using a pilot scale model carcass washer. Lean or adipose surface tissues from beef carcasses were inoculated with three strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 or Pseudomonas fluorescens. After spraying either water, 1, 3, or 5% acetic, lactic, or citric acids at 24 degrees C, tissues were incubated for 24 h at 4 degrees C and bacterial populations enumerated. Statistical analyses of the data indicated that acid type was not a significant treatment factor (p greater than or equal to = 0.05); however, concentration, tissue type, and bacterial strain were significant (p less than or equal to = 0.0001) factors that influenced the reduction of bacterial populations on lean or adipose tissue. Of the concentrations tested on lean tissue, spray treatments with 5% were the most effective for reducing populations of E. coli O157:H7 or P. fluorescens. Differences in the resistances of the E. coli O157:H7 strains to acid washing also were observed. The magnitude of bacterial population reductions was consistently greater on adipose versus lean tissue for all bacterial strains. Surface pH data indicated that reductions of bacterial populations may have been due to the effects of acidic pH. This study demonstrates that, while organic acids did reduce populations of E. coli O157:H7 on red meat, treatments did not completely inactivate the pathogen. RP CUTTER, CN (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 28 TC 136 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 57 IS 2 BP 97 EP 103 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA MW756 UT WOS:A1994MW75600001 ER PT J AU TOWNSEND, WE SEARCY, GK DAVIS, CE WILSON, RL AF TOWNSEND, WE SEARCY, GK DAVIS, CE WILSON, RL TI EVALUATION OF CREATINE-PHOSPHOKINASE ACTIVITY AS A MEANS OF DETERMINING COOKING END-POINT TEMPERATURE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; BOVINE MUSCLE; BEEF AB The influence of cooking end-point temperatures (EPTs) of 62.8, 66.7, 67.8, 68.9, 70.0, 71.1, 73.9, and 76.7 degrees C on residual creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity in laboratory prepared model systems of ground chicken and turkey breast meat was determined. CPK activity was also assayed in commercially pre pared chicken, turkey, and meat products using a Sigma #661 CPK test kit. Three tenths milliliter of 0.9% saline extracts obtained from the chicken, turkey, and meat products was substituted for 0.3 mi serum specified in the test kit procedure. For the model samples, there was a marked decrease in CPK activity as EPT increased from 66.7 to 76.7 degrees C; however, model samples heated to 76.7 degrees C did retain low amounts of CPK activity. In general, very low levels of CPK were found in commercially prepared chicken and turkey products (0 to 10.6 Sigma units/ml). Results of CPK activity in commercially prepared meat products would indicate that the test is product dependent, with values ranging from zero for beef franks to 258 Sigma units/ml for hard salami. Thus, while CPK activity may be useful for detecting cooking EPT for quality control purposes, it should not be used as a regulatory procedure where experience with the specific product is not available. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,BIOMETR UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP TOWNSEND, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUAL RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 57 IS 2 BP 159 EP 162 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA MW756 UT WOS:A1994MW75600013 ER PT J AU PESTKA, JJ AZCONAOLIVERA, JI PLATTNER, RD MINERVINI, F DOKO, MB VISCONTI, A AF PESTKA, JJ AZCONAOLIVERA, JI PLATTNER, RD MINERVINI, F DOKO, MB VISCONTI, A TI COMPARATIVE-ASSESSMENT OF FUMONISIN IN GRAIN-BASED FOODS BY ELISA, GC-MS, AND HPLC SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Note ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; PULMONARY-EDEMA; EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; NATURAL OCCURRENCE; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; ANIMAL HEALTH; CORN; SWINE; MYCOTOXINS AB Seventy-one (71) food samples were analyzed for the mycotoxin fumonisin by a monoclonal antibody based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fumonisins were detected primarily in corn-based products with 7/12, 2/2 and 1/3 and 1/7 yellow cornmeal, blue cornmeal, corn muffin mix, and mixed grain cereal samples yielding positive results, respectively. When the positive samples and randomly selected negative samples were assessed by other methods, correlations (r values) between ELISA and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), ELISA and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and GC-MS and HPLC were 0.478 (p < 0.05), 0.512 (p < 0.05), and 0.946 (p < 0.01), respectively. The results suggested that although the immunoassay could be used for screening of fumonisin in food samples, higher estimates were attained by ELISA than by the other two methods particularly in the more contaminated samples. These observations may result from differences in sample; preparation among the methods or because of the presence of structurally related compounds in extracts that are detectable by ELISA but not the other two methods. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. CNR,IST TOSSINE & MICOTOSSINE PARASSITI VEGETALI,I-70126 BARI,ITALY. RP PESTKA, JJ (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 34 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 57 IS 2 BP 169 EP 172 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA MW756 UT WOS:A1994MW75600016 ER PT J AU ANDREWS, CD WEBERT, DW AF ANDREWS, CD WEBERT, DW TI CONTROL INDICATORS FOR THE EXAMINATION OF PORK FOR TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS BY THE ACID-PEPSIN DIGESTION METHOD SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Note AB Artificial digestion using an acidified pepsin solution is one of several methods of examination of meat for the presence of Trichinella spiralis larvae. Indicator devices, which serve as visible 'positive' and 'negative' controls, have been developed for use in this digestion method. The indicators are color-coded, red and blue, modified-collagen membranes. One each of the red and blue colored membranes are added to the solution along with the sample. The digestion of the blue indicator and the retention of the red indicator are established as criteria that the process is within acceptable limits. RP ANDREWS, CD (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,DIV PATHOL & SEROL,BLDG 318-C,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 57 IS 2 BP 173 EP 175 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA MW756 UT WOS:A1994MW75600017 ER PT J AU DESTEIGUER, JE AF DESTEIGUER, JE TI THE FRENCH NATIONAL FORESTRY SCHOOL SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP DESTEIGUER, JE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,1509 VARS DR,RALEIGH,NC 27606, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 92 IS 2 BP 18 EP 20 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MU479 UT WOS:A1994MU47900012 ER PT J AU JONES, SB FINLEY, JC BODENMAN, JE KOESTER, MC AF JONES, SB FINLEY, JC BODENMAN, JE KOESTER, MC TI EXPORT EMBARGO ON PUBLICLY OWNED LOGS - MARKET IMPLICATIONS FOR PENNSYLVANIA AND THE NORTHEAST SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Review C1 US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. RP JONES, SB (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,110 FERGUSON BLDG,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 92 IS 2 BP 41 EP 46 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MU479 UT WOS:A1994MU47900017 ER PT J AU SCHOKNECHT, PA EBNER, S POND, WG ZHANG, SD MCWHINNEY, V WONG, WW KLEIN, PD DUDLEY, M GODDARDFINEGOLD, J MERSMANN, HJ AF SCHOKNECHT, PA EBNER, S POND, WG ZHANG, SD MCWHINNEY, V WONG, WW KLEIN, PD DUDLEY, M GODDARDFINEGOLD, J MERSMANN, HJ TI DIETARY-CHOLESTEROL SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVES GROWTH AND BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSE OF PIGS SELECTED FOR GENETICALLY HIGH AND LOW SERUM-CHOLESTEROL SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; NEONATAL GROWTH; SWINE; EXPLORATORY BEHAVIOR ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; BREAST-MILK; RAT; BRAIN; FETAL; LIVER; SWINE AB We hypothesized that, in pigs selected for low (L) or high (H) serum cholesterol for four generations, neonatal endogenous cholesterol synthesis would be sufficient to meet requirements for brain and body growth. In Experiment 1, eight 16-wk-old L pigs received a diet with or without 200 mg cholesterol/100 g diet for 35 d. Supplemented pigs grew similar to 25% faster and had a significantly greater concentration of free cholesterol in the cerebrum. In Experiment 2, 16 H and 16 L newborn pigs were fed a milk replacer with or without 200 mg cholesterol/100 g diet for 28 d. Pigs fed cholesterol had greater average daily gain (P less than or equal to 0.09), significantly reduced liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activity, and significantly increased cerebral cholesterol content than pigs not fed cholesterol. One of three indices of exploratory behavior was significantly greater in the L pigs that received cholesterol compared with L pigs that did not receive cholesterol. These data suggest that these neonatal pigs are unable to produce sufficient cholesterol to meet requirements for normal growth and brain development and are dependent on dietary cholesterol in milk. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. PRAIRIE VIEW A&M UNIV,PRAIRIE VIEW,TX 77446. INRA,RECH PORCINES STN,F-35590 HERMITAGE,FRANCE. NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 124 IS 2 BP 305 EP 314 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MW490 UT WOS:A1994MW49000018 PM 8308581 ER PT J AU KATO, N SAARI, JT SCHELKOPH, GM AF KATO, N SAARI, JT SCHELKOPH, GM TI CYSTINE FEEDING ENHANCES DEFECTS OF DIETARY COPPER DEFICIENCY BY A MECHANISM NOT INVOLVING OXIDATIVE STRESS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CYSTINE; COPPER DEFICIENCY; PEROXIDATION; VITAMIN-E; SULFITE OXIDASE; TUNGSTEN ID HEPATIC SULFITE OXIDASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; GROWING-RAT; TRACE-ELEMENTS; ASCORBIC-ACID; VITAMIN-E; TISSUES; IRON; METABOLISM; TOXICITY AB Dietary cystine supplementation exacerbates the effects of dietary copper deficiency. We examined the possibilities that this exacerbation is caused by an oxidative mechanism or by an effect on copper status. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (similar to 120 g) were fed copper-adequate or copper-deficient diets (0.5 or 16 mg/kg diet) that were supplemented with combinations of L-cystine (20 g/kg diet), vitamin E (37 mg/kg diet), and sodium tungstate (360 mg/L in drinking water). Dietary copper deficiency depressed serum and organ copper concentrations; increased heart size; caused anemia; reduced heart and liver superoxide dismutase and cytochrome c oxidase activities; and increased serum, heart, and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Cystine feeding exacerbated the cardiac enlargement and anemia of copper deficiency and reduced liver cytochrome oxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, but had no effect on organ copper content. Cystine feeding had no effect on serum or heart thiobarbituric acid reactive substances but depressed liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances production. Neither vitamin E nor tungsten, which was used to inhibit sulfite oxidase and its potential production of free radicals, had an effect on the copper- or cystine-dependent changes in heart size, hematocrit, or hemoglobin. Dietary vitamin E and tungsten had variable beneficial effects on copper- and cystine-dependent changes in variables related to red blood cell size, but these effects could not be consistently related to the inhibition of TBARS production caused by vitamin E and tungsten. We conclude that, while cystine feeding enhanced signs of copper deficiency, it did not do so by an oxidative mechanism or by altering copper status. C1 US ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. HIROSHIMA UNIV,FAC APPL BIOL SCI,DEPT APPL BIOCHEM,HIGASHIHIROSHIMA 724,JAPAN. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 5 IS 2 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(94)90023-X PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA MV626 UT WOS:A1994MV62600006 ER PT J AU RIBAYAMERCADO, JD BLANCO, MC FOX, JG RUSSELL, RM AF RIBAYAMERCADO, JD BLANCO, MC FOX, JG RUSSELL, RM TI HIGH-CONCENTRATIONS OF VITAMIN-A ESTERS CIRCULATE PRIMARILY AS RETINYL STEARATE AND ARE STORED PRIMARILY AS RETINYL PALMITATE IN FERRET TISSUES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-A; RETINYL ESTERS; RETINOL; FERRETS ID BETA-CAROTENE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; SERUM; METABOLISM; ORGANS; PLASMA; RATS AB Objective and Methodology: We determined the kinds and amounts of vitamin A compounds (retinol and various retinyl esters) circulating in serum and stored in liver and other selected tissues of ferrets, using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: The concentration of total retinyl esters in serum (43 +/- 1 mu mol/L, mean +/- SEM) was 25 times greater than that of retinol (1.7 +/- 0.2 mu mol/L). In serum, 56 % of retinyl esters was retinyl stearate, 33% was retinyl palmitate, and 5% was retinyl oleate. In contrast, in liver, vitamin A was stored primarily as retinyl palmitate (51%); smaller amounts of retinyl oleate (19%) and retinyl stearate (16%) were found. In kidneys, adrenals, small intestine, adipose tissue, skin, stomach, and eyes, retinyl palmitate was also the predominant retinyl eater, followed by retinyl stearate. In colon, lungs, and bladder, equal amounts of retinyl palmitate and retinyl stearate were observed. Other retinyl esters present in smaller amounts in most of these tissues were retinyl oleate, retinyl linoleate and/or -myristate, retinyl heptadecanoate, retinyl arachidonate, and retinyl laurate. Conclusions: Thus, the primary form of vitamin A that circulates in the blood of ferrets is retinyl stearate, whereas the primary storage form of the vitamin in tissues is retinyl palmitate. Concentrations of total vitamin A in ferret serum and other tissues were 3-73 times greater than those reported for their corresponding human tissues. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. MASSACHUSETTS INST TECHNOL,DIV COMPARAT MED,CAMBRIDGE,MA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR01046, RR07036] NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 13 IS 1 BP 83 EP 86 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MU181 UT WOS:A1994MU18100012 PM 8157860 ER PT J AU MOUNTS, TL WARNER, K LIST, GR AF MOUNTS, TL WARNER, K LIST, GR TI PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF HEXANE-EXTRACTED OILS FROM GENETICALLY-MODIFIED SOYBEANS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION; FLAVOR QUALITY; FRYING STABILITY; GENETIC MODIFICATION; LINOLENIC ACID; OILS; SOYBEAN ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITIONS; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; ROOM ODOR; FLAVOR AB Soybeans produced by induced mutation breeding and hybridization were cracked, flaked and hexane-extracted, and the recovered crude oils were processed to finished edible oils by laboratory simulations of commercial oil-processing procedures. Three lines yielded oils containing 1.7, 1.9 and 2.5% linolenic acid. These low-linolenic acid oils were evaluated along with oil extracted from the cultivar Hardin, grown at the same time and location, and they were processed at the same time. The oil from Hardin contained 6.5% linolenic acid. Low-linolenic acid oils showed improved flavor stability in accelerated storage tests after 8 d in the dark at 60 degrees C and after 8 h at 7500 lux at 30 degrees C, conditions generally considered in stress testing. Room odor testing indicated that the low linolenic oils showed significantly lower fishy odor after Ih at 190 degrees C and lower acrid/pungent odor after 5 h. Potatoes were fried in the oils at 190 degrees C after 5, 10 and 15 h of use. Overall flavor quality of the potatoes fried in the low-linolenic oils was good and significantly better after all time periods than that of potatoes fried in the standard oil. No fishy flavors were perceived with potatoes fried in the low-linolenic oils. Total volatile and polar compound content of all heated oils increased with frying hours, with no significant differences observed. After 15 h of frying, the free fatty acid content in all oils remained below 0.3%. Lowering the linolenic acid content of soybean oil by breeding was particularly beneficial for improved oil quality during cooking and frying. Flavor quality of fried foods was enhanced with these low-linolenic acid oils. RP MOUNTS, TL (reprint author), US ARS,NCAUR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 71 IS 2 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.1007/BF02541550 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MW514 UT WOS:A1994MW51400006 ER PT J AU ISBELL, TA KLEIMAN, R PLATTNER, BA AF ISBELL, TA KLEIMAN, R PLATTNER, BA TI ACID-CATALYZED CONDENSATION OF OLEIC-ACID INTO ESTOLIDES AND POLYESTOLIDES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ESTOLIDE; MINERAL ACIDS; MONTMORILLONITE; OLEIC ACID; PERCHLORIC ACID; POLYESTOLIDE; STEAROLACTONE; SULFURIC ACID AB Oleic acid, when treated with 1.0 equivalent of perchloric acid at 50 degrees C, produced a 76% yield of polyestolide. The concentration of mineral acid greatly affected the rate of estolide formation, with increased rates under high acid concentrations. Over a range of temperatures from room temperature to 100 degrees C, reaction rates increased at higher temperatures. However, high acid concentrations and temperatures produced undesirable side products, primarily lactones. Other acids catalyze the condensation of oleic acid to form estolide with the following relative rates: HC1O(4) > H2SO4 > p-toluenesulfonic > BF3.Et(2)O > montmorillonite K.10 > HC1 > H3PO4, HNO3. Addition of water impedes the formation of estolide. RP ISBELL, TA (reprint author), US ARS,NCAUR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 13 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 71 IS 2 BP 169 EP 174 DI 10.1007/BF02541552 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MW514 UT WOS:A1994MW51400008 ER PT J AU CARLSON, KD KLEIMAN, R BAGBY, MO AF CARLSON, KD KLEIMAN, R BAGBY, MO TI EPOXIDATION OF LESQUERELLA AND LIMNANTHES (MEADOWFOAM) OILS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE EPOXIDATION; EPOXIDIZED LESQUERELLA OIL; EPOXIDIZED MEADOWFOAM OIL; FATTY DI-; TRI- AND TETRAOLS; GC; GC-MS; LESQUERELLA GORDONII; LIMNANTHES ALBA; MEADOWFOAM; M-CL-PEROXYBENZOIC ACID; METHYL (5,8,13,14-DIEPOXY DECOSANOATE 5,6-EPOXY DOCOSANOATE; 13,14-EPOXY DOCOSANOATE 5,6-EPOXY EICOSANOATE 11,12-EPOXY-14-HYDROXY EICOSANOATE DIASTEREOMERS); TMS DERIVATIVES ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FATTY-ACIDS; SEED OIL AB Lesquerella gordonii (Gray) Wats and Limnanthes alba Benth. (Meadowfoam) are species being studied as new and alternative crops. Triglyceride oil from lesquerella contains 55-60% of the uncommon 14-hydroxy-cis-11-eicosenoic acid. Meadowfoam oil has 95% uncommon acids, including ca 60% cis-5-eicosenoic acid. Both oils are predominantly unsaturated (3% saturated acids), and have similar iodine values (90-91), from which oxirane values of 5.7% are possible for the fully epoxidized oils. Each oil was epoxidized with m-chloro-peroxybenzoic acid, and oxirane values were 5.0% (lesquerella) and 5.2% (meadowfoam). The epoxy acid composition of each product was examined by gas chromatography of the methyl esters, which showed that epoxidized L. gordonii oil contained 55% 11,12-epoxy-14-hydroxyeicosanoic acid, and epoxidized meadowfoam oil contained 63% 5,6-epoxyeicosanoic acid, as expected for nor mal complete epoxidation. Mass spectrometry of trimethylsilyloxy derivatives of polyols, prepared from the epoxidized esters, confirmed the identity of the epoxidation products and the straightforward nature of the epoxidation process. Synthesis and characterization of these interesting epoxy oils and derivatives are discussed. RP CARLSON, KD (reprint author), USDA,NCAUR,1815 N UNIV,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 71 IS 2 BP 175 EP 182 DI 10.1007/BF02541553 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MW514 UT WOS:A1994MW51400009 ER PT J AU CYGNAROWICZPROVOST, M KING, JW MARMER, WN MAGIDMAN, P AF CYGNAROWICZPROVOST, M KING, JW MARMER, WN MAGIDMAN, P TI EXTRACTION OF WOOLGREASE WITH SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE CHOLESTEROL FRACTIONATION; LANOLIN; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Supercritical carbon dioxide was used to extract unrefined woolgrease. The resulting product had no color and little odor, resembling high-grade commercial lanolin. The amounts of woolgrease extracted for fixed volumes of supercritical fluid solvent were measured at 60, 70 and 80 degrees C and at pressures from 200-520 bar. In this study, the high est recoveries were obtained at 80 degrees C and pressures in excess of 380 bar. Analysis of the extracts by capillary supercritical fluid chromatography and thin layer chromatography indicated that the composition of the extract changed with extraction time. The earliest fractions were enriched in cholesterol and contained relatively small amounts of species with higher molecular weight. The results suggest that supercritical fluid extraction may be used to obtain an enriched cholesterol fraction from woolgrease. C1 NCAUR,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP CYGNAROWICZPROVOST, M (reprint author), US ARS,ERRC,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 4 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 71 IS 2 BP 223 EP 225 DI 10.1007/BF02541561 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MW514 UT WOS:A1994MW51400017 ER PT J AU KRETCHMAR, DH KOOHMARAIE, M MERSMANN, HJ AF KRETCHMAR, DH KOOHMARAIE, M MERSMANN, HJ TI COMPARISON OF PROTEOLYTIC VARIABLES IN A LEAN AND OBESE STRAIN OF PIG AT THE AGES OF 2.5 AND 7 MONTHS SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONIST; ENDOGENOUS PROTEINASE ACTIVITIES; MUSCLE GROWTH; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; CATHEPSIN-B; SWINE; QUANTIFICATION; INHIBITOR; PROTEASE; L644,969 AB The mode (s) of skeletal muscle protein turnover as well as muscle and animal growth may be studied by using lean and obese animals as models. The objectives of this study were to look at proteolytic variables implicated in these processes. A lean and obese strain of swine fi om similar genetic lineage (Duroc x Yorkshire, 50:50) have been well established and may prove ideal for this purpose. This study was done in two phases. Phase I included eight lean and eight obese pigs at 2.5 months of age, and phase II was identical, but the pigs were 7 months old. Longissimus muscle samples were processed immediately after euthanasia for activity measurements of mu-calpain, m-calpain, calpastatin, and lysosomal cathepsins B and B + L. Additional samples were taken for DNA, RNA, and total protein determinations. In phase I, total calpastatin activity total and specific cathepsin B + L activity, and total protein/g muscle were greater in the obese pigs than in the lean pigs. In contrast, DNA and RNA/g muscle were greater in the lean pigs. No other differences were observed in phase I. In phase II, total calpastatin activity and total cathepsin B activity were greater in the obese pigs than in the lean pigs. No other differences were observed in phase II. From phase I to phase II, mu-calpain total activity increased in the lean pigs but not in the obese pigs and calpastatin activity decreased in both lean and obese pigs; however, the phase-II-obese and phase-I-lean total calpastatin concentrations were not significantly different. In both lean and obese pigs from phase I to phase II, mu-calpain activity, DNA/g muscle, RNA/g muscle, cathepsins B and B + L specific activity, and cathepsin B total activity/g muscle decreased. Total cathepsin B + L activity/g muscle increased in the lean pigs from phase I to phase II, but not in the obese pigs. The data obtained in this study suggest that these strains of pigs may be useful models for the study of muscle and animal growth as well as skeletal muscle protein turnover RP KRETCHMAR, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CORDOVA PA 70 TIMBERCREEK DR, SUITE 5, CORDOVA, TN 38018 SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 44 IS 1 BP 38 EP 41 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA NB052 UT WOS:A1994NB05200006 PM 7516455 ER PT J AU SEFERIAN, PG RODKEY, LS AF SEFERIAN, PG RODKEY, LS TI IDENTIFICATION OF LABORATORY-ANIMALS BY USING AFFINITY IMMUNOBLOTTING SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CELLS C1 UNIV TEXAS,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,HOUSTON,TX 77225. RP SEFERIAN, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BLDG 1040,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [T32-CA09598]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI20590] NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CORDOVA PA 70 TIMBERCREEK DR, SUITE 5, CORDOVA, TN 38018 SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 44 IS 1 BP 85 EP 87 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA NB052 UT WOS:A1994NB05200019 PM 8007671 ER PT J AU FRITTS, SH BANGS, EE GORE, JF AF FRITTS, SH BANGS, EE GORE, JF TI THE RELATIONSHIP OF WOLF RECOVERY TO HABITAT CONSERVATION AND BIODIVERSITY IN THE NORTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Management-Institutes 58th North-American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 19-24, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MANAGEMENT INST AB Gray wolves were systematically and fervently eliminated from the northwestern United States between the mid-1800s and early 1900s. Wolves disappeared from lower elevations first and generally persisted longer in more remote, mountainous areas. Preservation of large tracts of public land, primarily for commodity use, at the tum of the century, had the unforeseen effect of allowing conditions for wolf recovery to occur later. Improving attitudes toward the species and the recovery of ungulate prey populations from their tum of the century lows are the proximate factors making wolf recovery possible in areas with vast public lands. Planners for wolf recovery in the Northern Rockies identified three areas for wolf recovery, northwestern Montana, central Idaho, and the Greater Yellowstone area, because they consisted primarily of national parks, designated wilderness, and national forests. Those areas had previously been designated as public lands largely because they were too unproductive for agriculture; they consist in part of high elevation habitat that supports relatively few prey for wolves in winter. So far, recolonizing wolves have settled in lower elevation habitats where deer and elk are most abundant. Since private lands are most often in these lower elevations, they may be more important to the recovery and maintenance of viable wolf populations than was earlier envisioned. The negative symbolic nature of the wolf was a major factor in its eradication and continues to be a major factor in considerations of reintroduction and natural recolonization; the newer positive symbolic nature of the animal will ultimately facilitate its return and contribute indirectly toward long-term conservation of wild spaces and biodiversity in North America. C1 US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20090. RP FRITTS, SH (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ECOL SERV,HELENA,MT 59601, USA. NR 47 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 7 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 28 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1016/0169-2046(94)90040-X PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA NA386 UT WOS:A1994NA38600003 ER PT J AU DECALESTA, DS AF DECALESTA, DS TI DEER AND DIVERSITY IN ALLEGHENY HARDWOOD FORESTS - MANAGING AN UNLIKELY CHALLENGE SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Management-Institutes 58th North-American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 19-24, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MANAGEMENT INST ID DISTURBANCE AB High white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) density and interfering vegetation were identified as factors affecting the regeneration of hardwood forests in the Allegheny National Forest and surrounding forests in northwestern Pennsylvania. Research was designed by Forest Service scientists to quantify these effects. A high degree of interest in the impact of these effects on the diversity of forest resources led to additional research. Scientists, natural resource managers, and private timber interests used the research findings on the impacts of deer and interfering vegetation on regeneration and diversity to produce newsletters, tours, symposia, and to make presentations to groups of legislators, environmentalists and other influential segments of the public. This combined research-educational effort has been associated with the enactment of hunting regulations designed to reduce deer density and for registration and continued use of herbicides to control interfering vegetation. Both actions have the potential to increase the diversity of songbirds and woody and herbaceous vegetation in forest lands. The challenge is to sustain directed management of deer density and interfering vegetation until these factors are controlled to the point where they no longer negatively impact the diversity of forest resources. RP DECALESTA, DS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,WARREN,PA 16365, USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 28 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1016/0169-2046(94)90042-6 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA NA386 UT WOS:A1994NA38600005 ER PT J AU TROYER, DL XIE, H GOAD, DW SKINNER, DZ AF TROYER, DL XIE, H GOAD, DW SKINNER, DZ TI USE OF A NEW TECHNIQUE TO MAP THE PORCINE ALPHA-INTERFERON GENE TO CHROMOSOME-1 SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Note ID INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; DNA; AMPLIFICATION; PROBES C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP TROYER, DL (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,COLL VET MED,DEPT ANAT & PHYSIOL,228 VMS BLDG,1600 DENISON AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66505, USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD FEB PY 1994 VL 5 IS 2 BP 112 EP 114 DI 10.1007/BF00292338 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA MU085 UT WOS:A1994MU08500007 PM 8180470 ER PT J AU KOGUT, MH TELLEZ, GI MCGRUDER, ED HARGIS, BM WILLIAMS, JD CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR AF KOGUT, MH TELLEZ, GI MCGRUDER, ED HARGIS, BM WILLIAMS, JD CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR TI HETEROPHILS ARE DECISIVE COMPONENTS IN THE EARLY RESPONSES OF CHICKENS TO SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTIONS SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE HETEROPHILS; SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS; 5-FLUOROURACIL; CHICKENS; PATHOGENESIS; HETEROPENIA ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; 5-FLUOROURACIL TREATMENT; PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA; MURINE SALMONELLOSIS; TYPHIMURIUM; MICE; MACROPHAGES; TURKEY; CELLS C1 TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP KOGUT, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX, USA. NR 45 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 16 IS 2 BP 141 EP 151 DI 10.1006/mpat.1994.1015 PG 11 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA NM112 UT WOS:A1994NM11200006 PM 8047002 ER PT J AU MCCRACKEN, DA MARTIN, VJ STARK, MJR BOLEN, PL AF MCCRACKEN, DA MARTIN, VJ STARK, MJR BOLEN, PL TI THE LINEAR-PLASMID-ENCODED TOXIN PRODUCED BY THE YEAST PICHIA-ACACIAE - CHARACTERIZATION AND COMPARISON WITH THE TOXIN OF KLUYVEROMYCES-LACTIS SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article DE YEAST; PICHIA ACACIAE TOXIN; CELL CYCLE ARREST ID KILLER TOXIN; DNA PLASMIDS; PROTEINS; PURIFICATION; GELS AB The toxin produced by Pichia acaciae was purified and its properties compared to those of the toxin from Kluyveromyces lactis. Like this toxin, the P. acaciae toxin is a protein comprised of three subunits (molecular masses 110, 39 and 38 kDa) with an associated chitinase activity and a pH optimum between 7.0 and 7.5 P. acaciae toxin also caused G1 cell cycle arrest. Of the thirteen recessive alleles that provided resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to K. lactis toxin, only three also conferred resistance to P. acaciae toxin. Similarities and differences in the interactions of the two toxins with yeast cells are discussed. C1 UNIV DUNDEE, DEPT BIOCHEM, DUNDEE DD1 4HN, SCOTLAND. USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. RP ILLINOIS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOL SCI, NORMAL, IL 61790 USA. RI Stark, Michael/B-2815-2014 OI Stark, Michael/0000-0001-9086-191X NR 16 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD FEB PY 1994 VL 140 BP 425 EP 431 PN 2 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NE686 UT WOS:A1994NE68600026 PM 8180706 ER PT J AU CARLIN, RJ KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C STANKER, LH AF CARLIN, RJ KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C STANKER, LH TI CHARACTERIZATION OF MONOCLONAL ANTI-FUROSEMIDE ANTIBODIES AND MOLECULAR MODELING STUDIES OF CROSS-REACTIVE COMPOUNDS SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FUROSEMIDE; MOLECULAR MODELING; ANTIBODY BINDING ID BINDING-SITE; NICOTINIC AGONISTS; PHARMACOLOGY; MORPHINE AB Four mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against furosemide have been isolated and characterized. The cross-reactivity of the antibodies with eight compounds which are structurally and/or functionally related to furosemide was determined using a competition ELISA. All of the compounds, including furosemide, were then modeled using molecular mechanical and quantum mechanical methods in an attempt to correlate antibody binding with the conformational and electronic properties of the molecules. The results of these experiments demonstrated that all of the cross-reactivity observed could be readily explained using these techniques. Furthermore, these results should allow for more accurate prediction of unexpected cross-reactivities with these antibodies when they are used in immunoassays for determination of furosemide. C1 US ARS,FAPRL,COLL STN,TX 77845. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 31 IS 2 BP 153 EP 164 DI 10.1016/0161-5890(94)90087-6 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA MU893 UT WOS:A1994MU89300007 PM 8309478 ER PT J AU ACHTEMEIER, GL AF ACHTEMEIER, GL TI CONTRASTS IN OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS PHILOSOPHY - COMMENTS ON THE THEORETICAL, DISCRETE, AND ACTUAL RESPONSE OF THE BARNES OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS SCHEME FOR ONE-DIMENSIONAL AND 2-DIMENSIONAL FIELDS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Note RP ACHTEMEIER, GL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STR,ROUTE 1,BOX 182A,DRY BRANCH,GA 31020, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 122 IS 2 BP 397 EP 398 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<0397:CIOAPC>2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MW544 UT WOS:A1994MW54400011 ER PT J AU LAUFENBERG, TL AF LAUFENBERG, TL TI EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR REUSE OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL - RECYCLING OUR DISPOSED WOOD AND PAPER SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material RP LAUFENBERG, TL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 19 IS 2 BP 13 EP 14 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA MW844 UT WOS:A1994MW84400003 ER PT J AU STOKKE, DD AF STOKKE, DD TI MICROMORPHOLOGY AND MACROMORPHOLOGY OF RECYCLED FIBER AND WOOD SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article RP STOKKE, DD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,CARBONDALE,IL, USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 19 IS 2 BP 22 EP 29 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA MW844 UT WOS:A1994MW84400005 ER PT J AU DOUDS, DD AF DOUDS, DD TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HYPHAL AND ARBUSCULAR COLONIZATION AND SPORULATION IN A MYCORRHIZA OF PASPALUM-NOTATUM FLUGGE SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA; GIGASPORA MARGARITA; SPORULATION; ARBUSCULAR COLONIZATION ID PHOTON IRRADIANCE; PLANT-GROWTH; FUNGI; PHOSPHORUS; INFECTION; ROOTS AB Experiments were conducted to determine correlation between sporulation by an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus to proliferation of arbuscules or intercellular hyphae. Paspalum notatum Flugge seedlings were inoculated with the AM fungus Gigaspora margarita Becker & Hall and treated with either tap water, nutrient solution without P, or nutrient solution with P to manipulate colonization levels. Plants receiving the nutrient solution without P tended to have greater colonization than plants receiving water only (e.g. 62 vs 54%, respectively at week 7) but lesser percentage root length with arbuscules (e.g. 27 vs 38%, respectively at week 7). Mycorrhizas receiving the nutrient solution without P sporulated sooner (week 7) than the water only treatment and had larger spore populations (e.g. 20.9 vs 14.2 spores cm(-3) at week 13). Nutrient solution with P did not completely inhibit colonization, and though these plants had total colonized loot lengths similar to those of the water treatment, spore populations were much less (2.9 cm(-3) at week 13). Spore populations correlated equally well with total root length as with root length colonized and root length with arbuscules in the water and nutrient solution without P treatments. Populations were not correlated to these measures for the nutrient solution with P, indicating that the host may have limited the ability of a unit length of colonization to produce spores in this treatment. RP DOUDS, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 17 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 126 IS 2 BP 233 EP 237 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb03941.x PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NB538 UT WOS:A1994NB53800005 ER PT J AU WAITE, CE DEHAYES, DH REBBECK, J SCHIER, GA JOHNSON, AH AF WAITE, CE DEHAYES, DH REBBECK, J SCHIER, GA JOHNSON, AH TI THE INFLUENCE OF ELEVATED OZONE ON FREEZING TOLERANCE OF RED SPRUCE SEEDLINGS SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE RED SPRUCE; OZONE; COLD TOLERANCE; FREEZING INJURY; ACID MIST ID PICEA-RUBENS SARG; COLD TOLERANCE; SEASONAL-CHANGES; WINTER HARDINESS; FROST HARDINESS; NORWAY SPRUCE; ACID MIST; GROWTH; EXPOSURE; DECLINE AB Laboratory cold-tolerance assessments were conducted over two seasons on red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) seedlings fumigated with various concentrations of ozone (O-3) for one or two growing seasons in three independent experiments at three locations. Ozone fumigations were performed at either Boyce Thompson Institute in Ithaca, NY (BTI), the University of Maine in Orono, ME (UMO), or the US Forest Service Research Laboratory in Delaware, OH (USFS). Acid mist treatments of either pH 3.0 or 4.2 were applied in combination with O-3 treatments at USFS. Seedlings fumigated with moderate or high concentrations of O-3 were never significantly less cold tolerant than seedlings exposed to charcoal-filtered (CF) air or low O-3 concentrations. In fact, there was a tendency for seedlings fumigated with low concentrations of O-3 or CF air to be the least cold tolerant. USFS-fumigated seedlings receiving the lowest O-3 concentration (50/0 nl l(-1), day/night concentration) were least cold tolerant on six of the seven sampling dates and significantly less cold tolerant in October and January. In addition, UMO-fumigated seedlings receiving CF-air were significantly less cold tolerant in January than those receiving either ambient air (no chamber or non-filtered treatments) or elevated O-3. Acid mist treatments had little influence on the cold tolerance of red spruce seedlings in autumn and early winter, but in January 1990 seedlings exposed to pH 3.0 acid mist were approximately 6 degrees C less cold tolerant than those receiving pH 4.2. Following the 1988-89 winter, freezing injury was evident on all seedlings fumigated at BTI, but differences between 3 x ambient O-3 and CF treatments were not significant. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DELAWARE,OH 43015. UNIV PENN,DEPT GEOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP WAITE, CE (reprint author), UNIV VERMONT,SCH NAT RESOURCES,BURLINGTON,VT 05405, USA. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 126 IS 2 BP 327 EP 335 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb03952.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NB538 UT WOS:A1994NB53800016 ER PT J AU MCDONALD, PM RITCHIE, MW AF MCDONALD, PM RITCHIE, MW TI EPICORMIC BRANCHING OF CALIFORNIA BLACK OAK - EFFECT OF STAND AND TREE CHARACTERISTICS SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Young California black oak (Quercus kelloggii Newb.) stands usually require thinning to increase production of acorns and wood products, but epicormic branches, which yield no acorns and constitute a serious lumber degrade. often result. A crown thinning in 60-year-old hardwood stands on a south exposure at the Challenge Experimental Forest in the northern Sierra Nevada of California created basal areas that ranged from 20 to 35 m2 per ha. Trees in a control and bordering small openings expanded the basal area range. In 1976 or 6 to 9 years after thinning, 2069 living and dead epicormic branches on 189 California black oak trees were observed. Statistically significant (alpha = 0.05) predictors of epicormic branching were position in stand, cardinal direction of bole face, and bole segment-variables that generally affected epicormic branching on eastern species of deciduous oaks. Number of epicormic branches increased with decreasing stand density, proximity to openings, on south and east bole faces. and with increasing distance above the stump. These findings, together with silvicultural recommendations for enhancing crown development and lessening epicormic branching of California black oak, are discussed. RP MCDONALD, PM (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,REDDING,CA 96001, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 68 IS 1 BP 6 EP 10 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NC044 UT WOS:A1994NC04400002 ER PT J AU FERRETTI, A MEYDANI, SN LICHTENSTEIN, AH FLANAGAN, VP SCHAEFER, EJ AF FERRETTI, A MEYDANI, SN LICHTENSTEIN, AH FLANAGAN, VP SCHAEFER, EJ TI PROSTAGLANDIN-E METABOLITE EXCRETION IN NORMOLIPIDEMIC SUBJECTS IS LOWERED BY A MODERATE REDUCTION OF N-6/N-3 POLYUNSATURATE RATIO AND TOTAL FAT INTAKE SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE N-6/N-3 PUFA; PROSTAGLANDIN E METABOLITE; LOW FAT DIET; ELDERLY HUMANS ID HEALTHY MALE-SUBJECTS; HUMAN-URINE; FISH OIL; SUPPLEMENTATION; EICOSANOIDS; DISEASE; DIET AB In a longitudinal study consisting of two periods, 22 volunteers consumed controlled diets prepared from commonly available foods. During period 1 (six weeks) all subjects received a baseline diet in which the lipid profile approximate that of the prevailing American diet. During period 2 (24 weeks) they consumed (11 in each group) one of two low-fat, low-cholesterol, low-saturated fatty acid diets based on National Cholesterol Education Panel (NCEP)-Step 2 recommendations: saturated fatty acids 4.0-4.5 en%, monounsaturated fatty acids 10.8-11.6 en%, polyunsaturated fatty acids 10.3-10.5 en%, 45-61 mg of cholesterol/1000 kcal. One of the NCEP-Step 2 diets (high-fish) contained 0.54 en% from fish-derived eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids; the other diet (low-fish) contained 0.13 en% from fish-derived EPA + DHA. The high-fish diet was associated with an average 27% reduction in prostaglandin E metabolite (PGE-M) excretion in comparison to the baseline diet (p=0.01). The low-fish diet too lowered the PGE-M daily output, but the reduction did not reach statistical significance. This is the first report of a significant alteration of prostaglandin metabolism through a moderate lowering of the n-6/n-3 ratio. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 14 IS 2 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80378-1 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MW371 UT WOS:A1994MW37100003 ER PT J AU LICHTENSTEIN, AH AF LICHTENSTEIN, AH TI TRANSISOMERS, SERUM-LIPIDS, AND CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE - ANOTHER POINT-OF-VIEW SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Letter RP LICHTENSTEIN, AH (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 52 IS 2 BP 70 EP 70 PN 1 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA NA568 UT WOS:A1994NA56800007 PM 8183474 ER PT J AU NORUM, K JAMES, P ERIKSSON, U BLOMHOFF ROSS, C DELUCA, L DREVON, C BUSCH, C MADEN, M MANGELSDORF, D CHYTIL, F DETHE, H WALD, N DOLL, R WILLETT, WC GREENWALD, P BRUCE, A WOLF, G OLSON, JA RUSSELL, R ROSENBERG, I UNDERWOOD, B GOPALAN, C MARTORELL, R ONG, D LIE, S AF NORUM, K JAMES, P ERIKSSON, U BLOMHOFF ROSS, C DELUCA, L DREVON, C BUSCH, C MADEN, M MANGELSDORF, D CHYTIL, F DETHE, H WALD, N DOLL, R WILLETT, WC GREENWALD, P BRUCE, A WOLF, G OLSON, JA RUSSELL, R ROSENBERG, I UNDERWOOD, B GOPALAN, C MARTORELL, R ONG, D LIE, S TI UNTITLED - DISCUSSION SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Discussion ID BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN-A; RETINOL ACYLTRANSFERASE; LECITHIN; ACID C1 ROWETT RES INST,BUCKSBURN AB2 9SB,ABERDEEN,SCOTLAND. KAROLINSKA INST,LUDWIG INST CANC RES,S-10401 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. MED COLL PENN,DEPT BIOCHEM,DIV NUTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19129. NCI,DIFFERENTIAT CONTROL SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV OSLO,INST NUTR RES,DIETARY RES SECT,N-0317 OSLO,NORWAY. UNIV UPPSALA HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. UNIV LONDON KINGS COLL,RANDALL INST,DEV BIOL RES CTR,LONDON WC2B 5RL,ENGLAND. UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,RES LAB,DALLAS,TX 75235. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. HOP ST LOUIS,NATL CTR SCI RES,F-75475 PARIS 10,FRANCE. UNIV LONDON ST BARTHOLOMEWS HOSP & MED COLL,DEPT ENVIRONM & PREVENT MED,LONDON EC1M 6BQ,ENGLAND. RADCLIFFE INFIRM,CLIN TRIAL SERV UNIT,OXFORD OX2 6HE,OXON,ENGLAND. RADCLIFFE INFIRM,IMPERIAL CANC RES FUND,CANC STUDIES UNIT,OXFORD OX2 6HE,ENGLAND. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02115. NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NATL FOOD ADM TOXICOL LAB,S-75126 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT NUTR SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,VITAMIN RES GRP A,AMES,IA 50011. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. WHO,NUTR UNIT,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. NUTR FDN INDIA,NEW DELHI 110049,INDIA. CORNELL UNIV,DIV NUTR SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. NATL HOSP NORWAY,DEPT PEDIAT,N-0027 OSLO,NORWAY. RP NORUM, K (reprint author), UNIV OSLO,INST NUTR RES,POSTBOKS 1046,N-0316 OSLO 3,NORWAY. RI Martorell, Reynaldo /I-2539-2012 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 52 IS 2 BP 74 EP 86 PN 2 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA NB729 UT WOS:A1994NB72900010 ER PT J AU TOLAYMAT, A SANCHEZRAMOS, L YERGEY, AL VIEIRA, NE ABRAMS, SA EDELSTEIN, P AF TOLAYMAT, A SANCHEZRAMOS, L YERGEY, AL VIEIRA, NE ABRAMS, SA EDELSTEIN, P TI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HYPOCALCIURIA IN PREECLAMPSIA - MEASUREMENT OF INTESTINAL CALCIUM-ABSORPTION SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRACELLULAR FREE CALCIUM; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; NORMAL-PREGNANCY; METABOLISM; SERUM; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D; HYPERCALCIURIA; EXCRETION AB Objective: To analyze calcium absorption using stable isotopes in patients with preeclampsia and in normotensive controls. Methods: Fifteen pregnant subjects were studied: eight with preeclampsia (hypertension and proteinuria) and seven normotensive controls. All patients were ingesting their normal diet. The subjects received two stable calcium isotopic tracers. An oral tracer (Ca-44, 0.0124 mmol/kg) was given with milk, while an intravenous tracer (Ca-42, 0.00249 mmol/kg) was infused over 7-10 minutes. Calcium concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and isotope ratios by thermal ionization mass spectrometry from pooled 24-hour urine samples. Results: No difference was noted in fractional intestinal absorption between preeclamptic subjects (0.282 +/- 0.051) and normotensive controls (0.306 +/- 0.079) (P = .49). However, the fraction of dietary calcium appearing in the urine differed significantly (0.06 for preeclamptic subjects and 0.087 for normotensive controls; P = .008). Conclusions: Despite the indirect evidence of others, calcium absorption does not appear to be impaired in patients with preeclampsia. The retention site of the unexcreted calcium is unidentified. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,HLTH SCI CTR JACKSONVILLE,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,JACKSONVILLE,FL 32209. NICHHD,METAB ANAL & MASS SPECTROMETRY SECT,BETHESDA,MD. BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX. MATERN HOSP NUESTRA SENORA ALTAGRACIA,SANTO DOMINGO,DOMINICAN REP. RP TOLAYMAT, A (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,HLTH SCI CTR JACKSONVILLE,DEPT PEDIAT,653-1 W 8TH ST,JACKSONVILLE,FL 32209, USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 83 IS 2 BP 239 EP 243 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA MT964 UT WOS:A1994MT96400014 PM 8290187 ER PT J AU SHIMABUKURO, RH HOFFER, BL AF SHIMABUKURO, RH HOFFER, BL TI EFFECTS ON TRANSMEMBRANE PROTON GRADIENT AND LIPID BIOSYNTHESIS IN THE MODE OF ACTION OF DICLOFOP-METHYL SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RYEGRASS LOLIUM-RIGIDUM; FATTY-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; COENZYME-A CARBOXYLASE; MEMBRANE-POTENTIALS; ACETYL-COENZYME; CROSS-RESISTANCE; OAT-ROOT; INHIBITION; HALOXYFOP; AUXIN AB The sensitive sites in the mechanism of action of diclofop-methyl DM) (methyl 2-[4-(2',4'dichlorophenoxy]phenoxy]propanoate) are the plasma membrane and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), a key enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis. The hydrolysis of DM to diclofop yields the active molecule that increases the permeability of the plasma membrane to protons (depolarizes the membrane potential) (E(m)) and reduces cellular lipid biosynthesis in vivo. Coleoptiles of susceptible oat (Avena sativa) were used to investigate the effects of both mechanisms that function simultaneously in vivo. The action of diclofop on the membrane site was more effective than that of DM to reduce significantly the uptake of [C-14]acetate. The rate of incorporation of [C-14]acetate into cellular lipids was reduced significantly by 100 mu M diclofop but not by DM, although higher cytoplasmic concentrations of diclofop are present in coleoptiles treated with DM than in those treated with diclofop. The antibiotic cerulenin (0.45 mM) (2,3-epoxy-4-oxo-7,10-dodecadienamide) did not depolarize E(m) in oat coleoptiles and slightly antagonized auxin-induced growth, but lipid biosynthesis was reduced significantly. The inhibition of auxin-induced growth in susceptible oat coleoptiles was unrelated to the inhibition of lipid biosynthesis. Diclofop induced lipid profile changes within 1 hr of treatment. Inhibition of coleoptile growth, reduction in cellular lipid biosynthesis, and lipid profile changes are probably due to factors other than the inhibition of ACCase in vivo. RP SHIMABUKURO, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 48 IS 2 BP 85 EP 97 DI 10.1006/pest.1994.1010 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA MZ409 UT WOS:A1994MZ40900002 ER PT J AU DOLBEER, RA AVERY, ML TOBIN, ME AF DOLBEER, RA AVERY, ML TOBIN, ME TI ASSESSMENT OF FIELD HAZARDS TO BIRDS FROM METHIOCARB APPLICATIONS TO FRUIT CROPS SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY; TREATED GRAPES; REPELLENCY; CHEMICALS; CHERRIES; DAMAGE; WILD AB Methiocarb, a broad-spectrum carbamate insecticide, has shown efficacy in repelling birds from a variety of crops, especially fruit. To evaluate the hazards posed to wildlife, we reviewed laboratory studies of methiocarb toxicity and repellency to birds and mammals and field studies of methiocarb treatments to fruit and sweet com. Calculations revealed that birds encountering typical maximum residue levels found in treated crops would have to eat extremely large amounts of treated food to die and would in almost all cases be repelled or immobilized long before a lethal dose could be ingested. Results from feeding tests in laboratories support these calculations, as do the findings from 33 field studies in 28 locations. In spite of extensive searches and observations, only 14 dead birds were found in treated fields. Based on estimates from 26 studies, treated plantings averaged 15% loss of fruit to birds compared with 36% for nearby untreated plantings. We conclude that methiocarb, applied to fruit crops at 1.7 kg a.i. ha-1, will not adversely affect birds. C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601. USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,HILO,HI 96721. RP DOLBEER, RA (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,6100 COLUMBUS AVE,SANDUSKY,OH 44870, USA. NR 89 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 40 IS 2 BP 147 EP 161 DI 10.1002/ps.2780400210 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA MZ995 UT WOS:A1994MZ99500009 ER PT J AU PARKIN, TB SHELTON, DR AF PARKIN, TB SHELTON, DR TI MODELING ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS ON ENHANCED CARBOFURAN DEGRADATION SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CORN-ROOTWORM COLEOPTERA; HERBICIDE PERSISTENCE; SOIL-MOISTURE; BIODEGRADATION; SIMULATION; TEMPERATURE; DISSIPATION; METABOLISM AB Prediction of the fate of pesticides in soil is of interest from an environmental (pollution) as well as an agricultural (efficacy, carryover) viewpoint. Two environmental parameters that control microbial degradation of pesticides in soil are moisture and temperature. This study was designed to quantify the impact of soil water content and temperature on microbial degradation rates of the insecticide carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl methylcarbamate). Carbofuran degradation was determined by monitoring the [C-14] carbondioxide production from soils amended with [carbonyl-C-14]carbofuran. Soils were incubated at seven soil-water tensions over the range of 0.03 to 1.5 MPa, and at five temperatures (10-degrees-C to 30-degrees-C). The sigmoidal degradation kinetics observed from these incubations were modeled using a general saturation model. For the moisture experiments, maximum rate of hydrolysis and half-life (DT50) were accurately modeled by an exponential relationship. The response of carbofuran degradation to temperature was also well described by an exponential relationship, from which it was estimated that the Q10 associated with the maximum rate was 1.68, and the Q10 for DT50 was 1.89. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PDL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP PARKIN, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 40 IS 2 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.1002/ps.2780400211 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA MZ995 UT WOS:A1994MZ99500010 ER PT J AU TANG, G WEBB, AR RUSSELL, RM HOLICK, MF AF TANG, G WEBB, AR RUSSELL, RM HOLICK, MF TI EPIDERMIS AND SERUM PROTECT RETINOL BUT NOT RETINYL ESTERS FROM SUNLIGHT-INDUCED PHOTODEGRADATION SO PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE RETINOL; RETINYL ESTER; SKIN; RETINOL BINDING PROTEIN; PHOTOLABILITY ID HUMAN-SKIN; VITAMIN-A; IRRADIATION AB Sunlight-induced photodegradation of retinyl esters and retinol in human skin, blood and cultured keratinocytes was investigated. Using high-performance liquid chromatography with an extraction method that avoided saponification, the analysis of human foreskin (Caucasian) showed that levels of retinyl esters and retinol were approximately 3.5 and 5.0 times higher, respectively, in the epidermis than in the dermis. Upon irradiation by sunlight, a significant reduction in epidermal retinyl esters was observed in both summer and winter. However, epidermal retinol, dermal retinol and dermal retinyl esters did not show statistically significant reductions. When serum from volunteers who had taken a large dose of retinyl palmitate to elevate serum retinyl esters was exposed to sunlight, the retinyl esters in the serum rapidly disappeared after 10 min of exposure similar to the photodegradation seen for retinyl palmitate in an organic solvent. While retinol in an organic solvent rapidly photodegraded similar to serum retinyl palmitate, serum retinol slowly declined upon sunlight irradiation. When cultured keratinocytes that took-up H-3-retinol and thereafter contained H-3-retinyl esters and H-3-retinol were exposed to sunlight, 80% of the H-3-retinyl esters disappeared upon sunlight irradiation whereas only about 20% of the H-3-retinol did so. These results suggest that the epidermis, serum and keratinocytes selectively protect retinol from sunlight-induced photodegradation. It is most likely that serum retinol-binding protein and cellular retinol-binding protein protect retinol. a vital epithelial growth factor, from photodegradation. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GASTROINTESTINAL NUTR LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,VITAMIN D SKIN & BONE RES LAB,BOSTON,MA 02118. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR36963] NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0905-4383 J9 PHOTODERMATOL PHOTO JI Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA PE533 UT WOS:A1994PE53300001 PM 8180094 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, DL BURKE, JJ AF FERGUSON, DL BURKE, JJ TI METHIONYL SULFOXIDE CONTENT AND PROTEIN-METHIONINE-S-OXIDE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY IN RESPONSE TO WATER DEFICITS OR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE COTTON; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS; METHIONINE-S-OXIDE; PEA; PISUM-SATIVUM; POTATO; PROTEIN METHIONINE-S-OXIDE REDUCTASE; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; WATER-DEFICIT STRESS; WHEAT ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE; RED-BLOOD-CELLS; ENZYMATIC REDUCTION; DEGRADATION; STRESS; INACTIVATION; BIOCHEMISTRY; HEMOGLOBIN; RESIDUES; RADICALS AB Cellular injury resulting from partially reduced oxygen species (superoxide, peroxides and/or hydroxyl radicals) or singlet oxygen frequently increases during environmental stress. Because protein methionine residues are susceptible to oxidation, we investigated the effects of water-deficit stress and high temperature stress on the content of oxidized methionyl residues [Met(O)] in leaves. Leaf proteins from water-deficit-stressed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Paymaster HS-26), pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Progress No. 9), wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell. cv. Len) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Norgold M) and from the leaves of high-temperature-stressed pea seedlings were evaluated. The activity of protein methionine-S-oxide reductase (PrMSR), an enzyme responsible for re-reducing oxidized methionyl residues, was also determined. Protein Met(O) content did not change in response to either water-deficit or high temperature stress. PrMSR activity decreased in pea and cotton leaves, remained unchanged in potato leaves and significantly increased in leaves of water-deficit-stressed wheat. The findings demonstrate that these plants have developed protection systems that effectively maintain stable levels of oxidized methionyl residues in leaf proteins despite exposure to severe water and high temperature stress. The findings also suggest that changes in PrMSR activity do not fully account for the observed maintenance of protein methionyl sulfoxide content at constant levels. C1 USDA,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,ROUTE 3,BOX 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 90 IS 2 BP 253 EP 258 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NC918 UT WOS:A1994NC91800003 ER PT J AU HARDING, SA SMIGOCKI, AC AF HARDING, SA SMIGOCKI, AC TI CYTOKININS MODULATE STRESS-RESPONSE GENES IN ISOPENTENYL TRANSFERASE-TRANSFORMED NICOTIANA-PLUMBAGINIFOLIA PLANTS SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE CYTOKININ; GENE EXPRESSION; HEAT SHOCK; NICOTIANA-PLUMBAGINIFOLIA; TOBACCO; TRANSGENIC PLANTS ID CULTURED SOYBEAN CELLS; HEAT-SHOCK; MESSENGER-RNAS; INDUCTION; PROTEINS; ACID; EXPRESSION; TOBACCO; SEQUENCE; INVITRO AB The effects of transiently elevated cytokinin levels on gene expression following stress were examined in transgenic Nicotiana plumbaginifolia plants. Plants were transformed with a bacterial gene encoding isopentenyl transferase (ipt) cloned behind the heat shock (HS) protein 70 promoter from Drosophila melanogaster. Following a 1-h, 45-degrees-C HS of whole plants, the ipt transcript levels in leaves increased 30- to 40-fold. Analysis of in vitro translation products of leaf messenger RNA showed rapid isopentenyl transferase-dependent changes in gene expression. A subset comprising 1 to 2% of resolvable translation products was specifically up-regulated in heat shock ipt-inducible (HS-ipt) plants. Several cDNA clones were isolated which correspond to mRNAs that are up-regulated 2- to 4-fold in HS-ipt plants. Two of the cDNAs encode stress-related polypeptides, one a member of a class of small heat shock polypeptides (HSP) and the other, a wound-inducible glycine-rich protein. Benzylaminopurine feeding experiments show that the HSP transcripts are up-regulated by other treatments including watering but that cytokinins strongly accelerate or amplify the response. These data are the first to show altered modulation of stress-induced genes in intact plants transformed with the cytokinin biosynthesis gene ipt. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT BIOCHEM,KNOXVILLE,TN 37960. NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 90 IS 2 BP 327 EP 333 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NC918 UT WOS:A1994NC91800013 ER PT J AU BUNCE, JA AF BUNCE, JA TI RESPONSES OF RESPIRATION TO INCREASING ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE ACCLIMATION; CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE; RELATIVE GROWTH RATE; RESPIRATION ID DARK RESPIRATION; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; ELEVATED CONCENTRATION; GROWTH; ENRICHMENT; TEMPERATURE; EFFLUX; LEAVES; TERM AB It has been recently recognized that increases in carbon dioxide concentration such as are anticipated for the earth's atmosphere in the next century often reduce plant respiration. There can be both a short-term reversible effect of unknown cause, and long-term acclimation, which may reflect the synthesis and maintenance of less metabolically expensive materials in plants grown at elevated carbon dioxide concentrations. Because respiration provides energy and carbon intermediates for growth and maintenance, reductions in respiration by increasing carbon dioxide concentrations may have effects on physiology beyond an improvement in plant carbon balance. As atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration increases, reduced respiration could be as important as increased photosynthesis in improving the ability of terrestrial vegetation to act as a sink for carbon, but it could also have other consequences. RP BUNCE, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 90 IS 2 BP 427 EP 430 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NC918 UT WOS:A1994NC91800027 ER PT J AU GERARD, HC PFEFFER, PE OSMAN, SF AF GERARD, HC PFEFFER, PE OSMAN, SF TI 8,16-DIHYDROXYHEXADECANOIC ACID, A MAJOR COMPONENT FROM CUCUMBER CUTIN SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE CUCUMIS SATIVUS; CUCURBITACEAE; CUTIN; HYDROXY FATTY ACIDS; EVAPORATIVE LIGHTSCATTERING DETECTOR; 8,16-DIHYDROXYHEXADECANOIC ACID ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION; SUBERIN AB The major component of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) cutin has been identified as 8,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid by mass and NMR spectroscopy. This is the first report of this monomer as a major cutin component. RP GERARD, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PLANT SCI UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD FEB PY 1994 VL 35 IS 3 BP 818 EP 819 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90614-9 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA MY394 UT WOS:A1994MY39400055 ER PT J AU GRIFFITHS, HM SINCLAIR, WA DAVIS, RE LEE, IM DALLY, EL GUO, YH CHEN, TA HIBBEN, CR AF GRIFFITHS, HM SINCLAIR, WA DAVIS, RE LEE, IM DALLY, EL GUO, YH CHEN, TA HIBBEN, CR TI CHARACTERIZATION OF MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS FROM FRAXINUS, SYRINGA, AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS FROM GEOGRAPHICALLY DIVERSE SITES SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LILAC WITCHES-BROOM; EASTERN X-DISEASE; ASH YELLOWS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; WHITE ASH; STRAIN CLUSTER; DNA PROBES; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; DECLINE AB Mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) in six species of ash (Fraxinus) and lilac (Syringa) at 13 locations from southern Quebec and Massachusetts to Zion National Park, Utah, were detected by the DAPI (4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-2HCl) fluorescence test. Relatedness of these MLOs to one another was established through dot hybridization of DNA samples from diseased plants with four ash yellows (AshY)-specific DNA probes and through immunofluorescence microscopy with an AshY-specific monoclonal antibody. In a search for possible alternative plant hosts of the AshY agent, the DAPI test was utilized to detect MLOs in 13 other species growing in the vicinity of diseased ash in central New York State and in two species in Zion National Park. These species were (asterisks indicate first record of microscopic detection of MLOs) *Apocynum cannabinum, *Asclepias syriaca, Aster novae-angliae, *Carya cordiformis, *Cornus racemosa, *Chrysopsis villosa, *Chrysothamnus nauseosus, *Epilobium ciliatum, *Lotus corniculatus, Prunus virginiana, Salix sp., *Solidago rugosa, and *Spiraea tomentosa. With the exception of P. virginiana, which contained an X-disease MLO, none of these species was found to be diseased at more than three of the 24 sites of AshY occurrence that were surveyed. Diseased phloem of 10 of these species was tested with the AshY-specific monoclonal antibody and did not react with it. A 1.2-kb fragment of DNA of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction from each of four MLO strains from ash and lilac, one strain each from A. syriaca, C. racemosa, S. rugosa, and S. tomentosa, and three reference strains from other sources, maintained in periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus). Restriction fragments obtained by digestion of the amplified products with enzymes AluI, KpnI, and MseI were similar for the ash and lilac MLOs and differentiated them from the others tested. The MLOs detected in A. novae-angliae, C. racemosa, and L. corniculatus were related to members of the aster yellows MLO group on the basis of reaction with an aster yellows-specific monoclonal antibody. This finding for C. racemosa was supported by results of restriction enzyme analysis of the 16S ribosomal DNA fragment. To date, Syringa spp. are the only known alternative hosts of AshY MLOs. C1 USDA ARS,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,COOK COLL,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. BROOKLYN BOTAN GARDEN,BROOKLYN,NY. RP GRIFFITHS, HM (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 52 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 1994 VL 84 IS 2 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1094/Phyto-84-119 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NA578 UT WOS:A1994NA57800003 ER PT J AU DAVIS, JR PAVEK, JJ CORSINI, DL SORENSEN, LH SCHNEIDER, AT EVERSON, DO WESTERMANN, DT HUISMAN, OC AF DAVIS, JR PAVEK, JJ CORSINI, DL SORENSEN, LH SCHNEIDER, AT EVERSON, DO WESTERMANN, DT HUISMAN, OC TI INFLUENCE OF CONTINUOUS CROPPING OF SEVERAL POTATO CLONES ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF VERTICILLIUM WILT OF POTATO SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ECOLOGY; VERTICILLIUM ALBO-ATRUM ID DAHLIAE; RESISTANCE AB Two field studies with potato were conducted to study the effects of continuous cropping of Verticillium-resistant potato clones on the epidemiology of Verticillium wilt of potato. Investigations focused on effects of continuous cropping of different clones on wilt incidence, Verticillium dahliae reproduction within the host, changes in the soilborne inoculum density, crop yields, and effects on succeeding crops of susceptible cultivars. Each study involved 5 yr of continuous cropping with potato. Five cultivars (and/or clones) with different levels of resistance to Verticillium wilt were planted in the first study. These were Russet Burbank and Butte (susceptible), Targhee (resistant), and A66107-51 (-51) and A68113-4 (highly resistant). The second study included the susceptible cultivar Russet Burbank, the resistant clone -51, a nonhost (corn), and a fallow treatment. There was no evidence for change in the relative resistance of the cultivars over the course of these studies, nor was there evidence that an extremely virulent strain of V. dahliae was enhanced selectively from the indigenous population. All resistant clones remained nearly symptomless and resistant to stem colonization throughout our investigations. The first study, conducted from 1977 to 1982, demonstrated that V. dahliae inoculum densities in the soil were negatively correlated with the degree of resistance of the cultivar grown the previous year. Where highly resistant cultivars were grown for five seasons, inoculum densities of V. dahliae were 60-70% lower than in plots where susceptible cultivars were grown. The second study, conducted from 1983 to 1988, confirmed that increases in V. dahliae inoculum densities were related to cultivar susceptibility. Where the resistant -51 clone was grown, the increase of V. dahliae populations was delayed by 1 yr, and populations increased to only 60% of those which developed with the susceptible Russet Burbank. Although V. dahliae inoculum densities increased with the cropping of potato clones, no changes in inoculum density occurred in either corn or fallow plots. Inoculum densities in plots with the highly resistant clones decreased to the point that neither the susceptible Russet Burbank nor a highly susceptible potato clone (NDA8694-3) exhibited substantial Verticillium wilt in a subsequent cropping season. When resistant potato clones are integrated into a potato production program, they appear to limit Verticillium wilt severity both during the years in which they are grown and in following crops of susceptible cultivars. C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT MATH STAT,MOSCOW,ID 83843. USDA ARS,KIMBERLY,ID 83341. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP DAVIS, JR (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENTOMOL SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 22 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 1994 VL 84 IS 2 BP 207 EP 214 DI 10.1094/Phyto-84-207 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NA578 UT WOS:A1994NA57800017 ER PT J AU CASTELLANO, MA BOUGHER, NL AF CASTELLANO, MA BOUGHER, NL TI CONSIDERATION OF THE TAXONOMY AND BIODIVERSITY OF AUSTRALIAN ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Management of Mycorrhizas in Agriculture, Horticulture and Forestry CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 1992 CL PERTH, AUSTRALIA DE ASCOMYCOTINA; AUSTRALIA; BASIDIOMYCOTINA; BIODIVERSITY; ECTOMYCORRHIZAE ID PONDEROSA PINE-SEEDLINGS; GROWN DOUGLAS-FIR; LACCARIA-LACCATA; FORESTRY; FRATERNA AB Mycorrhiza management in forestry must be predicated on an understanding of fungal biology and ecology. A fundamental building block of the biology and ecology of any organism is accurate identification and an understanding of its relationship to other organisms. The taxonomy of the larger fungi has been largely based on morphological classification of sexual structures but now Taxonomy routinely incorporates mating studies, and biochemical and molecular data. Taxonomy may not revolutionize theories on mycorrhiza but can clarify some of the inconsistencies due to misrepresentation or over-generalizations and inappropriate conclusions drawn from studies with inaccurately identified fungi. To illustrate this, we discuss an example where incorrect fungal names were repeatedly erroneously applied in morphological and physiological research reports on this fungus, e.g. Laccaria laccata. In this case subsequent taxonomic study revealed the reason for the conflicting research results reported for this fungus. We discuss the status of identifying the ectomycorrhizal fungi in various forest communities in Australia and the relationships of this process to assessing their use in forestry. Recent intensive efforts to collect, isolate and identify Australian ectomycorrhizal fungi have revealed an enormous and unique species diversity, e.g., for truffle-like fungi, over 2000 collections from the last five years alone have yielded 2 new families, 24 new genera, and about 184 new species. Nearly 95% of the described and undescribed fungi from Australia are novel, with some 22 genera and 3 families endemic. In most cases the current systematic knowledge of mycorrhizal fungi is inadequate to support clear framework for Australian taxa. This reflects the traditional Northern Hemisphere view of the world, the uniqueness of the Australian fungal flora, and how poorly it is known. For example, the genus Hymenogaster had been widely acknowledged as the most reduced member of the Cortinariaceae. However recent work on Hymenogaster species from the Southern Hemisphere has offered a number of alternative affinities to various species. We also discuss the role proper identification of the organisms involved plays in understanding the ecosystem. Emphasis should be placed on how species diversity equates with physiological and genetic diversity and how a sound taxonomic understanding of species and their systematic position is essential to properly manage them. Accurate taxonomic information will continue to be required as the basis for assessing the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in sustained ecological development. Of particular significance is the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in maintenance of plant diversity in natural ecosystems and those disturbed by management. In conclusion, we present some key research areas involving the use of taxonomy that need priority attention. C1 CSIRO,DIV FORESTRY,WEMBLY,WA 6014,AUSTRALIA. RP CASTELLANO, MA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 1994 VL 159 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NB756 UT WOS:A1994NB75600004 ER PT J AU AMARANTHUS, MP PERRY, DA AF AMARANTHUS, MP PERRY, DA TI THE FUNCTIONING OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN THE FIELD - LINKAGES IN-SPACE AND TIME SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Management of Mycorrhizas in Agriculture, Horticulture and Forestry CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 1992 CL PERTH, AUSTRALIA DE DISTURBANCE; GRASS SEEDING; HYPHAL LINKAGES; HARDWOODS; RHIZOPOGON; SUCCESSION; SITE PREPARATION ID DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS; VEGETATION TYPE; CLEAR-CUTS; SOIL; GROWTH; PLANTS; INFECTIVITY; MYCORRHIZA; SURVIVAL; MYCELIUM AB Individual trees, either of the same or different species, can be linked spatially and temporally by the hyphae of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi that allow carbon and nutrients to pass among them and promote forest establishment following disturbance. Spatial and temporal linkages between plants influence the function of ECM fungi in the field. Studies indicate that ECM linkages can reduce plant competition for resources, promote forest recovery, and influence the pattern of plant succession. The degree of influence depends on many factors, including the composition and arrangement of the vegetative community and soil and climatic conditions. Management practices that create intense disturbance and loss of organic matter or promote the introduction of non-ectomycorrhizal host species can decrease the ability of plants to form linkages with ECM fungi. Management practices that retain living trees and shrubs and input of organic matter provide the energy source and substrate necessary for ECM linkages. More research is needed to determine the degree to which ECM fungal linkages occur in the field and their role in ecosystem function and long-term health. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL FORESTRY,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP AMARANTHUS, MP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 41 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 1994 VL 159 IS 1 BP 133 EP 140 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NB756 UT WOS:A1994NB75600013 ER PT J AU RUSSELLE, MP ALLAN, DL GOURLEY, CJP AF RUSSELLE, MP ALLAN, DL GOURLEY, CJP TI DIRECT ASSESSMENT OF SYMBIOTICALLY FIXED NITROGEN IN THE RHIZOSPHERE OF ALFALFA SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA; MEDICAGO-SATIVA; NITROGEN EXCRETION; N-15-LABELED GAS; NITROGEN FIXATION; NITROGEN TRANSFER; RHIZOSPHERE SOIL ID MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; WHITE CLOVER; REGROWTH; ROOTS; QUANTIFICATION; EXCRETION; LEGUMES; GRASSES; NODULES; HARVEST AB Rhizodeposition has been proposed as one mechanism for the accumulation of significant amounts of N in soil during legume growth. The objective of this experiment was to directly quantify losses of symbiotically fixed N from living alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) roots to the rhizosphere. We used N-15-labeled N2 gas to tag recently fixed N in three alfalfa lines [cv. Saranac, Ineffective Saranac (an ineffectively nodulated line), and an unnamed line in early stages of selection for apparent N excretion] growing in 1-m long polyvinylchloride drainage lysimeters in loamy sand soil in a greenhouse. Plants were in the late vegetative to flowering growth stage during the 2-day labelling period. We determined the fate of this fixed N in various plant organs and soil after a short equilibration period (2 to 4 days) and after one regrowth period (35 to 37 days). Extrapolated N2 fixation rates (46 to 77 mug plant-1 h-1) were similar to rates others have measured in the field. Although there was significant accretion of total N in rhizosphere compared to bulk soil, less than 1% was derived from newly fixed N and there were no differences between the 'excreting' line and Saranac. Loss of N in percolate water was small. These results provide the first direct evidence that little net loss of symbiotically-fixed N occurs from living alfalfa roots into surrounding soil. In addition, these results confirm our earlier findings, which depended on indirect N-15 labelling techniques. Net N accumulation in soil during alfalfa growth is likely due to other processes, such as decomposition of roots, nodules, and above ground litter, rather than to N excretion from living roots and nodules. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA, DEPT SOIL SCI, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA. RP RUSSELLE, MP (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA, USDA, 439 BORLAUG HALL, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA. NR 41 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 1994 VL 159 IS 2 BP 233 EP 243 DI 10.1007/BF00009286 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NE192 UT WOS:A1994NE19200007 ER PT J AU NIETOSOTELO, J ICHIDA, A QUAIL, PH AF NIETOSOTELO, J ICHIDA, A QUAIL, PH TI PF1 - AN A-T HOOK-CONTAINING DNA-BINDING PROTEIN FROM RICE THAT INTERACTS WITH A FUNCTIONALLY DEFINED D(AT)-RICH ELEMENT IN THE OAT PHYTOCHROME A3 GENE PROMOTER SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID GROUP CHROMOSOMAL-PROTEINS; HMG-I; MESSENGER-RNAS; A/T-RICH; PLANT GENES; SEQUENCE; TRANSCRIPTION; EXPRESSION; UPSTREAM; HISTONE AB Phytochrome-imposed down-regulation of the expression of its own phytochrome A gene (PHYA) is one of the fastest light-induced effects on transcription reported in plants to date. Functional analysis of the oat PHYA3 promoter in a transfection assay has revealed two positive elements, PE1 and PE3, that function synergistically to support high levels of transcription in the absence of light. We have isolated a rice cDNA clone (pR4) encoding a DNA binding protein that binds to the AT-rich PE1 element. We tested the selectivity of the pR4-encoded DNA binding activity using linker substitution mutations of PEI that are known to disrupt positive expression supported by the PHYA3 promoter in vivo. Binding to these linker substitution mutants was one to two orders of magnitude less than to the native PE1 element. Because this is the behavior expected of positive factor 1 (PF1), the presumptive nuclear transcription factor that acts in trans at the PE1 element in vivo, the data support the conclusion that the protein encoded by pR4 is in fact rice PF1. The PF1 polypeptide encoded by pR4 is 213 amino acids long and contains four repeats of the A-T hook DNA binding motif found in high-mobility group I-Y (HMG I-Y) proteins. In addition, PF1 contains an 11-amino acid-long hydrophobic region characteristic of HMG I proteins, its N-terminal region shows strong similarities to a pea H1 histone sequence and a short peptide sequence from wheat HMGa, and it shows a high degree of similarity along its entire length to the HMG Y-like protein encoded by a soybean cDNA, SB16. In vitro footprinting and quantitative gel shift analyses showed that PF1 binds preferentially to the PE1 element but also at lower affinity to two other AT-rich regions upstream of PE1. This feature is consistent with the binding characteristics of HMG I-Y proteins that are known to bind to most runs of six or more AT base pairs. Taken together, the properties of PF1 suggest that it belongs to a newly described family of nuclear proteins containing both histone H1 domains and A-T hook DNA binding domains. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 63 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD FEB PY 1994 VL 6 IS 2 BP 287 EP 301 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA MZ400 UT WOS:A1994MZ40000012 PM 8148649 ER PT J AU SCOTT, GE ZUMMO, N AF SCOTT, GE ZUMMO, N TI KERNEL INFECTION AND AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION IN MAIZE BY ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS RELATIVE TO INOCULATION AND HARVEST DATES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CORN; CONTAMINATION; GENOTYPES; EARS AB Preharvest kernel infection by Aspergillus flavus and subsequent aflatoxin contamination of maize (Zea mays) grain is a chronic economic problem in the southern part of the United States. Studies were conducted to determine the time of inoculation and harvest date most effective for identifying maize genotypes resistant to kernel infection and aflatoxin contamination by A. flavus. Inoculation of ears with A. flavus 6 days after midsilk resulted in as many or more infected kernels than inoculation of ears 12 and 18 days after midsilk. Multiple inoculations did not increase incidence of kernel infection or aflatoxin contamination. The percentage of infected kernels in inoculated resistant and susceptible hybrids was similar at 46 and 50 days after midsilk, but the percentage of infected kernels was greater in susceptible hybrids at later harvest dates. Thus, resistant hybrid, differed significantly from susceptible hybrids for infection levels for harvest dates of 54-62 days after midsilk. One susceptible hybrid had markedly higher aflatoxin contamination than the other three hybrids. Selection for resistance to A. flavus should be more effective at harvest dates around 60 days after midsilk than when grain reaches physiological maturity. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,MISSISSIPPI AGR & FORESTRY EXPT STN,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP SCOTT, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 78 IS 2 BP 123 EP 125 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MW657 UT WOS:A1994MW65700004 ER PT J AU RISTAINO, JB LEWIS, JA LUMSDEN, RD AF RISTAINO, JB LEWIS, JA LUMSDEN, RD TI INFLUENCE OF ISOLATES OF GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS AND DELIVERY SYSTEMS ON BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF SOUTHERN BLIGHT ON CARROT AND TOMATO IN THE FIELD SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SCLEROTIUM-ROLFSII; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; DAMPING-OFF; BIOCONTROL; SOIL; GERMINATION; DISEASES; GROWTH AB Experiments were conducted in the field from 1990 to 1992 to evaluate the influence of two isolates of the fungal antagonist Gliocladium virens and two delivery systems on the biological control of southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii on processing carrot and tomato. Two isolates of G. virens (GL-3 and GL-21) in either a bran prill or vermiculite bran formulation, nonamended control formulations, and the fungicides PCNB (Terrachlor 75WP) or flutolanil (Moncut 50 WP) were applied to separate plots infested with S. rolfsii arranged in a randomized complete block design. The incidence of southern blight in carrot was consistently reduced over 3 yr by both isolates of G. virens in the bran prill formulation when the antagonist was cultivated into soil on both sides of the row. Disease control on carrots with the bran prill formulations of G. virens was equal to or better than control achieved with the fungicides PCNB and flutolanil. Respective disease incidences in 1990, 1991, and 1992 on carrots were 62, 65, and 35% in S. rolfsii-infested control plots; 4, 46, and 12% in GL-3 bran-prill-amended plots; and 23, 48, and 11% in GL-21 bran-prill-amended plots. Disease control with the vermiculite bran formulations of the same two isolates was more variable on carrot over the years but was obtained in 1990. Yield of carrot was increased in plots treated with bran prill formulations of GL-3 and GL-21 compared with S. rolfsii-infested controls. In contrast, significant reductions in disease incidence on processing tomato were only observed in 1991; disease incidence was reduced from 69% in nontreated control plots to 27% in plots treated with the bran prill formulation of isolate GL-3. Biological control of southern blight may be more feasible on carrot, which has a more limited infection court of the taproot and stem, than on processing tomato, which has a large infection court including roots, stems, leaves, vines, and fruit. These results demonstrate that biological control is a viable alternative and equally efficacious to chemical control for southern blight of carrot. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP RISTAINO, JB (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. OI Ristaino, Jean/0000-0002-9458-0514 NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 78 IS 2 BP 153 EP 156 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MW657 UT WOS:A1994MW65700012 ER PT J AU DAVIS, RF NOEL, GR WILKINSON, HT AF DAVIS, RF NOEL, GR WILKINSON, HT TI PATHOGENICITY OF TYLENCHORHYNCHUS-NUDUS TO CREEPING BENTGRASS AND ANNUAL BLUEGRASS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE STUNT; TURF ID NEMATODES AB Greenhouse and growth chamber experiments were conducted to determine and compare the effects of Tylenchorhynchus nudus on the root growth of bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) and annual bluegrass (Poa annua), and to examine the relationship between T. nudus population levels and maximum root length of bentgrass and annual bluegrass. Root growth was suppressed by T. nudus on both bentgrass and annual bluegrass, but more so on bluegrass. Annual bluegrass produced longer roots than bentgrass both in the presence and in the absence of the nematode. Maximum root length was functionally related to T. nudus population levels on both grasses. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP DAVIS, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,GEORGIA COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,NEMATODES WEEDS & CROPS RES UNIT,TIFTON,GA 31794, USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 78 IS 2 BP 169 EP 173 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MW657 UT WOS:A1994MW65700016 ER PT J AU KRAFT, JM BOGE, WL AF KRAFT, JM BOGE, WL TI DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANTISERUM TO QUANTIFY APHANOMYCES-EUTEICHES IN RESISTANT PEA LINES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE COMMON ROOT ROT; RESISTANCE ID REGISTRATION; GERMPLASMS AB A polyclonal antiserum was developed that strongly reacted with antigens produced by mycelia and zoospores of Aphanomyces euteiches. The antiserum did not react with antigens produced by species of Phytophthora, Fusarium, and Pythium (except for a slight reaction with antigens produced by P. ultimum) and by Rhizoctonia solani AG-4. Resistant and susceptible pea (Pisum sativum) lines were compared for response to A. euteiches development by assaying inoculated roots using this antiserum. There was a slower buildup of A. euteiches in taproots of the resistant germ plasm lines 86-2236 and 90-2131 and PI 180693 when exposed to 100 zoospores per milliliter after 7 days. After 9 days and an inoculum level of either 100 or 1,000 zoospores per milliliter, only PI 180693 and line 90-2131 were resistant, as indicated by lower ELISA readings (A405nm). The ELISA response was linear with increasing amounts of antigen. The results showed that in resistant pea roots, growth of A. euteiches within inoculated tissues was inhibited. RP KRAFT, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL SCI LAB,ROUTE 2,BOX 2953A,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 27 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 78 IS 2 BP 179 EP 183 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MW657 UT WOS:A1994MW65700018 ER PT J AU CAESAR, AJ AF CAESAR, AJ TI COMPARATIVE VIRULENCE OF STRAINS OF RHIZOCTONIA SPP ON LEAFY SPURGE (EUPHORBIA-ESULA) AND DISEASE REACTIONS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS IN THE GREENHOUSE SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID SOLANI; PATHOGENICITY; ANASTOMOSIS; INOCULUM AB Six multinucleate and two binucleate strains of Rhizoctonia spp. pathogenic to the weed leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) were compared in aggressiveness. Pathogenicity was tested by inoculating stems of leafy spurge or planting roots or seeds in soil infested with Rhizoctonia strains (8 cfu/g). Two multinucleate strains were significantly more virulent on roots of leafy spurge than the other strains. Eleven cultivated plant species were found to be susceptible to at least one of the eight Rhizoctonia strains, having mean disease ratings significantly different (P = 0.05) from those of control plants. Two or more strains caused significantly different mean disease ratings in eight of these host species, indicating that there was variation among strains. Four strains had equally broad host ranges of six plant species, but their respective host ranges were not identical. The two binucleate strains, which ranked lowest in overall aggressiveness to leafy spurge, also had relatively narrow host ranges of one and three species. The results indicate variation in aggressiveness to leafy spurge and in host range among strains of Rhizoctonia spp., from which optimum biocontrol strains may be selected for appropriate use. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP CAESAR, AJ (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RANGELAND WEEDS LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 78 IS 2 BP 183 EP 186 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MW657 UT WOS:A1994MW65700019 ER PT J AU JARDINE, DJ GULYA, TJ AF JARDINE, DJ GULYA, TJ TI 1ST REPORT OF DOWNY MILDEW ON SUNFLOWERS CAUSED BY PLASMOPORA-HALSTEDII IN KANSAS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 USDA,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58102. RP JARDINE, DJ (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66505, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 78 IS 2 BP 208 EP 208 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MW657 UT WOS:A1994MW65700024 ER PT J AU WOLF, TK PRINCE, JP DAVIS, RE AF WOLF, TK PRINCE, JP DAVIS, RE TI OCCURRENCE OF GRAPEVINE YELLOWS IN VIRGINIA VINEYARDS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP WOLF, TK (reprint author), VIRGINIA AGR EXPT STN,WINCHESTER,VA 22601, USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 78 IS 2 BP 208 EP 208 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MW657 UT WOS:A1994MW65700025 ER PT J AU CU, RM LINE, RF AF CU, RM LINE, RF TI AN EXPERT ADVISORY SYSTEM FOR WHEAT DISEASE MANAGEMENT SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID STRIPE RUST; WINTER-WHEAT RP CU, RM (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 78 IS 2 BP 209 EP 215 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MW657 UT WOS:A1994MW65700028 ER PT J AU WESTER, L SOMERS, DE CLACK, T SHARROCK, RA AF WESTER, L SOMERS, DE CLACK, T SHARROCK, RA TI TRANSGENIC COMPLEMENTATION OF THE HY3 PHYTOCHROME-B MUTATION AND RESPONSE TO PHYB GENE COPY NUMBER IN ARABIDOPSIS SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID AVENA-SATIVA L; LONG HYPOCOTYL MUTANT; SINAPIS-ALBA L; GREEN TISSUE; TERMINAL DOMAIN; ACTION SPECTRA; LIGHT; THALIANA; PLANT; ELONGATION AB A recombinant PHYB minigene (mPHYB) consisting of the complete Arabidopsis PHYB cDNA sequence fused to 2.3 kb of upstream PHYB promoter sequence has been introduced into wild-type Arabidopsis and into a strain containing the Bo64 allele of the hy3 mutation. The Bo64 mutant has previously been shown to contain a nonsense mutation in the PHYB coding sequence. Transformation of this strain with the mPHYB gene results in complementation of all of the mutant phenotypic characteristics tested including hypocotyl length and hypocotyl cell size, response to end-of-day far-red light, leaf morphology, chlorophyll level, and flowering time. Presence of the mPHYB transgene in a wild-type genetic background causes exaggeration of this same set of phenotypic characteristics, indicating that these diverse photomorphogenic responses are sensitive to the copy number of the PHYB gene. The transgene inserts in the Bo64(mPHYB) and WT(mPHYB) lines are shown td be single locus and single copy and the immunologically detectable level of phytochrome B is shown to vary linearly with PHYB gene copy number. These results demonstrate a complex role for phytochrome B in Arabidopsis photomorphogenesis and suggest that the expression level of this phytochrome gene is an important determinant of the intensity of light induced plant responses. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 41 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 5 IS 2 BP 261 EP 272 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1994.05020261.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MW057 UT WOS:A1994MW05700010 PM 8148880 ER PT J AU MA, HC MCMULLEN, MD FINER, JJ AF MA, HC MCMULLEN, MD FINER, JJ TI IDENTIFICATION OF A HOMEOBOX-CONTAINING GENE WITH ENHANCED EXPRESSION DURING SOYBEAN (GLYCINE-MAX L) SOMATIC EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EMBRYOGENESIS; GLYCINE MAX; HELIX-TURN-HELIX MOTIF; HOMEOBOX; HOMEODOMAIN ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; MESSENGER-RNA; HOMEODOMAIN; DNA; ANTENNAPEDIA; DROSOPHILA; HYBRIDIZATION; TRANSCRIPTION; PROTEINS AB Homeotic genes are key 'switches' that control developmental processes. Homeotic genes containing the consensus 'homeobox' domain have been identified from a number of organisms including Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Homo sapiens, and Zea mays. Although homeotic genes have been demonstrated to be important in embryo development of some insects, amphibians, and mammals, there are no reports of their involvement in plant embryogenesis. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone for a homeobox-containing gene expressed in somatic embryos of soybean. The cDNA (Sbh1 for soybean homeobox containing gene) was isolated using maize Knotted-1 (Kn1) cDNA as a heterologous probe. The Sbh1 cDNA clone is 1515 bp long which is the approximate size of its transcript. Within the homeodomain, the amino acid sequence of a helix-turn-helix structure, and invariant and conserved residues were identified. The deduced SBH1 protein shares a high amino acid identity with KN1 protein (47.0% overall and 87.5% for the homeodomain). Southern hybridization analysis indicated that Sbh1 is a member of a small gene family. The expression of Sbh1 is development- and tissue-specific. The transcript of Sbh1 was present in early-stage somatic embryos, increased prior to cotyledon formation and decreased thereafter. Sbh1 was weakly expressed in soybean stems and hypocotyl but was not detected in other plant tissues and nonembryogenic materials. The enhanced expression during embryogenesis, the homology with maize Kn1 gene, and the regulatory nature of homeodomain proteins suggest that the SBH1 protein plays an important role in plant embryo development. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,WOOSTER,OH 44691. USDA ARS,CORN & SOYBEAN RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RI Finer, John/N-4713-2014 OI Finer, John/0000-0001-8004-5468 NR 37 TC 64 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 24 IS 3 BP 465 EP 473 DI 10.1007/BF00024114 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA NA644 UT WOS:A1994NA64400006 PM 7907232 ER PT J AU PESCHKE, VM SACHS, MM AF PESCHKE, VM SACHS, MM TI CHARACTERIZATION AND EXPRESSION OF TRANSCRIPTS INDUCED BY OXYGEN DEPRIVATION IN MAIZE (ZEA-MAYS L) SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEHYDROGENASE GENE FAMILY; MESSENGER-RNA; PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE; ANAEROBIC EXPRESSION; AERENCHYMA FORMATION; RECOMBINANT INBREDS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; ROOTS; PROTEIN; STRESS AB Until recently, the only genes described in plants induced by oxygen deprivation (anoxia or hypoxia) encoded enzymes of glucose-phosphate metabolism. In the present study, two flooding-induced maize (Zea mays L.) genes that may serve a different function have been identified. These genes, with unique kinetics of mRNA induction under flooding conditions, were not induced by heat, cold, or salt stress or by seedling death. The predicted protein sequence of one gene, wus/1005, is similar to that of several other plant genes, including a nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) xyloglucan-endo-transglycosylase. The predicted protein sequence of the other gene showed no significant homology to genes of known function, indicating that bath of these genes may play novel roles in the maize response to oxygen deprivation. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,PLANT PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [5 R01 GM34740] NR 54 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 104 IS 2 BP 387 EP 394 DI 10.1104/pp.104.2.387 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MW918 UT WOS:A1994MW91800011 PM 7909162 ER PT J AU CALDWELL, CR AF CALDWELL, CR TI MODIFICATION OF THE CELLULAR HEAT SENSITIVITY OF CUCUMBER BY GROWTH UNDER SUPPLEMENTAL ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CROP PLANTS; TEMPERATURE; SHOCK; STRESS; CELLS AB The effect of ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation on the thermal sensitivity of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was studied using UV-B-sensitive cv Poinsett 76 and UV-B-resistant cv Ashley grown under control and elevated (300 mW m(-2)) UV-B radiation levels. Using both cotyledon and leaf discs, the ability of the tissue to reduce triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) was determined after treatment at 50 degrees C for various times. Semilogarithmic plots of TTC reduction as a function of time at 50 degrees C were curvilinear. They were monophasic for the control cucumber and biphasic for cucumber grown in the presence of elevated UV-B. Treatment of cucumber plants at 37 degrees C for 24 h or of tissue discs at acute UV-B levels for 1 h further modified their response to elevated temperature. These results suggest that growth of cucumber under enhanced UV-B radiation levels increased its ability to withstand elevated temperatures. RP CALDWELL, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 104 IS 2 BP 395 EP 399 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MW918 UT WOS:A1994MW91800012 ER PT J AU SICHER, RC KREMER, DF RODERMEL, SR AF SICHER, RC KREMER, DF RODERMEL, SR TI PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION TO ELEVATED CO2 OCCURS IN TRANSFORMED TOBACCO WITH DECREASED RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE CONTENT SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; HIGH ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ANTISENSE RBCS; OXYGENASE; PLANTS; GROWTH; LIGHT; ANHYDRASE; PROTEIN AB Inhibition of net carbon assimilation rates during growth at elevated CO2 was studied in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants containing zero to two copies of antisense DNA sequences to the small subunit polypeptide (rbcS) gene of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). High- and low-Rubisco tobacco plants were obtained from the selfed progeny of the original line 3 transformant (S.R. Rodermel, M.S. Abbott, L. Bogorad [1988] Cell 55: 673-681). Assimilation rates of high- and low-Rubisco tobacco plants increased 22 and 71%, respectively, when transferred from 35- to 70-Pa CO2 chamber air at 900 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) photon flux density. However, CO2-dependent increases of net carbon assimilation rates of high- and low-Rubisco plants virtually disappeared after 9 d of growth in elevated CO2 chamber air. Total above-ground dry matter production of high- and low-Rubisco plants was 28 and 53% greater, respectively, after 9 d of growth at 70 Pa compared with 35 Pa CO2. Most of this dry weight gain was due to increased specific leaf weight. Rubisco activity, Rubisco protein, and total chlorophyll were lower in both high- and low-Rubisco plants grown in enriched compared with ambient CO2 chamber air. Soluble leaf protein also decreased in response to CO2 enrichment in high- but not in low-Rubisco tobacco plants. Decreased Rubisco activities in CO2-adapted high- and low-Rubisco plants were not attributable to changes in activation state of the enzyme. Carbonic anhydrase activities and subunit levers measured with specific antibodies were similar in high- and low-Rubisco tobacco plants and were unchanged by CO2 enrichment. Collectively, these findings suggested that photosynthetic acclimation to enriched CO2 occurred in tobacco plants either with or without transgenically decreased Rubisco levels and also indicated that the down-regulation of Rubisco in CO2-adapted tobacco plants was related to decreased specific activity of this enzyme. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,AMES,IA 50011. RP SICHER, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 104 IS 2 BP 409 EP 415 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MW918 UT WOS:A1994MW91800014 ER PT J AU KEMMERER, EC TUCKER, ML AF KEMMERER, EC TUCKER, ML TI COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF CELLULASES ASSOCIATED WITH ADVENTITIOUS ROOT INITIATION, APICAL BUDS, AND LEAF, FLOWER, AND POD ABSCISSION ZONES IN SOYBEAN SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; MESSENGER-RNA; AVOCADO FRUIT; 9.5 CELLULASE; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; CDNA CLONE; PURIFICATION; ACCUMULATION; LOCALIZATION AB Cellulase activity was measured in soybean (Glycine max) leaf abscission zones, flower abscission zones, pod abscission zones, apical buds, and adventitious rooting hypocotyls. Immunoprecipitation data showed that a cellulase immunologically similar to the bean abscission cellulase (isoelectric point 9.5) is present in soybean leaf, flower, and pod abscission zones, but is not present in soybean apical buds or rooting hypocotyls. cDNA and genomic clones for two different soybean genes were identified and show sequence similarity with the bean abscission cellulase clone pBAC10. The cDNA clone pSAC1, isolated from a soybean abscission cDNA library, hybridized to transcripts in soybean leaf, flower, and pod abscission zones. Although ethylene has been shown to play a role in the increase in cellulase activity associated with both abscission and adventitious root initiation, no signal was seen for hybridization of the soybean abscission cellulase clone, pSAC1, to RNA from soybean adventitious rooting hypocotyls. In addition, no soybean abscission cellulase transcripts were detected in apical buds. Transcripts for a second soybean cellulase gene (SC2) were not detected in any of the tissues surveyed. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W, PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 104 IS 2 BP 557 EP 562 DI 10.1104/pp.104.2.557 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MW918 UT WOS:A1994MW91800032 PM 8159787 ER PT J AU HURKMAN, WJ LANE, BG TANAKA, CK AF HURKMAN, WJ LANE, BG TANAKA, CK TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF A TRANSCRIPT ENCODING A GERMIN-LIKE PROTEIN THAT IS PRESENT IN SALT-STRESSED BARLEY (HORDEUM-VULGARE L) ROOTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID POLYPEPTIDES C1 UNIV TORONTO,FAC MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,TORONTO M5S 1A8,ON,CANADA. RP HURKMAN, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,CROP IMPROVEMENT UTILIZAT RES UNIT,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 10 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 104 IS 2 BP 803 EP 804 DI 10.1104/pp.104.2.803 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MW918 UT WOS:A1994MW91800065 PM 8159797 ER PT J AU HACKNEY, JM KRAEMER, GP ATALLA, RH VANDERHART, DL CHAPMAN, DJ AF HACKNEY, JM KRAEMER, GP ATALLA, RH VANDERHART, DL CHAPMAN, DJ TI INFLUENCE OF HYDRODYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT ON COMPOSITION AND MACROMOLECULAR ORGANIZATION OF STRUCTURAL POLYSACCHARIDES IN EGREGIA-MENZIESII CELL-WALLS SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE ALGINATE; CELLULOSE; CELL WALL; CRYSTALLINE ALLOMORPHS; HYDRODYNAMICS; PHAEOPHYTA ID CELLULOSE BIOSYNTHESIS; C-13 NMR; NATIVE CELLULOSES; MARINE-ALGAE; VARIABILITY; SETCHELL; TISSUES; SPECTRA; INVITRO; FLOW AB To test whether secondary and tertiary structures of marine-algal structural polysaccharides may be altered during adaptive responses to hydrodynamic stresses, juvenile Egregia menziesii (Turn.) Aresch. sporophytes were cultured under three different regimes: (i) low-energy (LE) specimens were subjected to water motion produced by standard bubbling and circulation of tank water; (ii) high-energy (HE) specimens received additional movement in pumped streams of water; and (iii) stretched (STR) specimens were grown under low-energy conditions but also were subjected to constant, longitudinal tension (0.7 N). After 6-10 weeks growth, cell-wall structural polysaccharides from specimen blades were isolated by solubilizing less-ordered matrix polysaccharides. Neutral-sugar and uronic acid contents of these isolates were measured, and samples were analyzed by x-ray diffraction and by Raman and C-13-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. On average, structural polysaccharides formed about 7.2% of dry-weight biomass. The portion of isolated mass accountable to neutral sugars ranged from an average of 85% for STR sporophytes to 94% for both LE and HE specimens. For all specimens, glucose composed an average of 99% of this fraction. Uronic acids could not be detected in isolates from any treatment group. Cellulose dominance in each isolate was indicated clearly in x-ray diffraction patterns and in Raman and C-13-NMR spectra. These data further demonstrated that both the cellulose I allomorph and the disordered form of the polymer were present in each isolate and that the STR isolate contained small quantities of the cellulose II allomorph. In general, the LE and HE samples had very similar crystallinity; lateral order was slightly more developed in LE samples. However, the STR treatment produced cellulose with lowest crystallinity and least lateral order. Results suggest that mechanical stress modified cellulose crystallinity in these kelps by altering levels of disordered cellulose and lateral dimensions of cellulose crystallites and, in one instance, changed the crystallinity qualitatively. Physical disturbances to cell plasma membranes may have instigated these trends. In the STR specimens in particular, such disturbances might have been supplemented by fundamental changes to kelp physiology, affecting both substantial decreases in crystallinity and production of the cellulose II allomorph. Changes in the nature of the cellulose cannot, however, account for changes in the elastic moduli. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, DEPT BIOL, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV 440, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP USDA, FOREST SERV, FOREST PROD LAB, 1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. NR 92 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 EI 1432-2048 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD FEB PY 1994 VL 192 IS 4 BP 461 EP 472 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MY959 UT WOS:A1994MY95900002 ER PT J AU SALAS, WA RANSON, JK ROCK, BN SMITH, KT AF SALAS, WA RANSON, JK ROCK, BN SMITH, KT TI TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIATIONS IN DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT AND WATER STATUS OF DOMINANT FOREST SPECIES FROM NEW-ENGLAND SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID TREES; STEMS AB Temporal and spatial characteristics of microwave dielectric properties and water status of several forest species were investigated during the 1990 and 1991 growing seasons as part of the NASA FED MAC. Data presented were acquired from Durham, New Hampshire (white pine, eastern hemlock, and American beech), and Howland, Maine (eastern hemlock and red spruce). Dielectric properties of trunk wood were measured using C-band, L-band, and P-band dielectric probes. For the Durham specimens, electrical resistance was measured using a digital ohmmeter. Water status of the trees studied was determined either by use of a Scholander pressure bomb on branch samples or by fresh weight/dry weight assessment of wood core samples. Results indicate the following: 1) Radial dielectric profiles matched the regions of the functional sapwood such that the sapwood was characterized by a higher dielectric than the bark and heartwood tissues. 2) A hysteresis exists between diurnal variations in branch water potential and trunk sapwood dielectric. 3) The dielectric properties were positively correlated with wood core moisture content, while the electrical resistance was poorly correlated with moisture content. 4) Using categories of electrical resistance measurements as a qualitative assessment of relative ion concentrations the dielectric measurements were not sensitive to the different ion concentrations within the xylem and phloem exudate. These results support the view that dielectric properties are strongly correlated with moisture status in trunk wood and that diurnal variations in dielectric are related to diurnal fluctuations in water potential. The lag between changes in branch water potential and trunk dielectric varies, depending on the structure, evaporative demand, and water storage capacity of the sapwood. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPTL STN,DURHAM,NH. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,BIOSPHER SCI BRANCH,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP SALAS, WA (reprint author), UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,COMPLEX SYST RES CTR,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 47 IS 2 BP 109 EP 119 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(94)90148-1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA NN406 UT WOS:A1994NN40600002 ER PT J AU ZIMOWSKA, G SHIRK, PD SILHACEK, DL SHAAYA, E AF ZIMOWSKA, G SHIRK, PD SILHACEK, DL SHAAYA, E TI YOLK SPHERE FORMATION IS INITIATED IN OOCYTES BEFORE DEVELOPMENT OF PATENCY IN FOLLICLES OF THE MOTH, PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA SO ROUXS ARCHIVES OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE VITELLOGENESIS; IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STAINING; IMMUNOGOLD LABELING; YOLK PROTEINS; OOCYTE DEVELOPMENT ID RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS STAL; PHARATE ADULT FEMALES; INDIAN MEAL MOTH; BOMBYX-MORI; VITELLOGENESIS; DROSOPHILA; OOGENESIS; PROTEINS; LOCALIZATION; SILKWORM AB We describe a provitellogenic stage, a previously unrecognized stage of follicle development in moths, and show that oocytes begin yolk sphere formation prior to the development of patency by the follicular epithelium. The vitellogenic activities of follicles from pharate adult female Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) were determined by visualizing the subunits of vitellin (YP1 and YP3) and the follicular epithelium yolk protein (YP2 and YP4) using monospecific antisera to each subunit to immunolabel whole-mounted ovaries or ultrathin sections. At 92 h after pupation, yolk spheres that contained only YP2 began to proliferate in the oocytes. The inter-follicular epithelial cell spaces were closed at 92 h making vitellogenin inaccessible to the oocyte, and consequently, the vitellin subunits were not observed in the yolk spheres. YP2 uptake most likely occurred across the brush border from the follicular epithelial cells to the oocyte at this time. At 105 h, the inter-follicular epithelial cell spaces appeared closed yet trace amounts of labeling for vitellin were observed in the spaces and also in the yolk spheres along with YP2. Equivalent labeling for all four YPs in yolk spheres was finally observed at 112 h after pupation when the follicular epithelium had become patent. These data indicate that the provitellogenic stage is an extended transition period between the previtellogenic and vitellogenic stages that lasts for approximately 13 h, and it is marked at the beginning by YP2 yolk sphere formation in the oocyte and at the end by patency in the follicular epithelium. C1 US ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. WARSAW UNIV,DEPT INVERTEBRATE PHYSIOL,WARSAW,POLAND. AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0930-035X J9 ROUX ARCH DEV BIOL JI Rouxs Arch. Dev. Biol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 203 IS 4 BP 215 EP 226 DI 10.1007/BF00636337 PG 12 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA MW934 UT WOS:A1994MW93400006 PM 28305885 ER PT J AU MUMMEY, DL SMITH, JL BOLTON, H AF MUMMEY, DL SMITH, JL BOLTON, H TI NITROUS-OXIDE FLUX FROM A SHRUB-STEPPE ECOSYSTEM - SOURCES AND REGULATION SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC TRACE GASES; SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS; AEROBIC SOILS; WATER-CONTENT; DRY SOIL; DENITRIFICATION; NITRIFICATION; AMMONIUM; MINERALIZATION; DECOMPOSITION AB The semi-arid shrub-steppe is the largest grassland-type ecosystem of North America and may make significant contributions to the global atmospheric N2O budget. However, little information is available concerning sources and regulation of N2O flux in this ecosystem. Experiments were made to determine the relative importance of nitrification, denitrification and abiotic sources to total N2O flux and to investigate the factors regulating N2O flux rates from an undisturbed shrub-steppe ecosystem. The contributions to N2O flux by nitrification and denitrification were estimated using acetylene (10 Pa) to selectively inhibit N2O production by nitrifiers. Abiotic sources of N2O were evaluated using sterilized soil. Factors limiting N2O production were evaluated by monitoring N2O flux rates from soil-cores amended with combinations of NO-N, NH4+-N, soluble C and water. The effect of wet-dry cycles on N2O flux was determined by wetting field dry soil to field capacity and monitoring N2O flux rates, soil NH4+-N, NO3--N and water content throughout a drying period. Our results showed that nitrification accounts for 61-98% of the N2O produced from soil at water contents below saturation and that denitrification is the primary N2O source at saturated water contents. No detectable N2O was produced by abiotic sources. In intact soil cores N2O flux rates were found to be most limited by water and N availability. Wetting of dry soil resulted in a pulse of N2O flux due to increased N availability. It is likely that this ecosystem exhibits relatively low N2O flux rates for much of the year due to low soil moisture and inorganic N contents. Since soil moisture content is generally well below field capacity in this ecosystem, nitrification must be the dominant N2O source. These results suggest that conditions favorable for substantial N2O production in shrub-steppe ecosystems probably exist only at times following precipitation events. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, 215 JOHNSON HALL, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, DEPT ENVIRONM SCI, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011 NR 39 TC 78 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 26 IS 2 BP 279 EP 286 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(94)90168-6 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA NA221 UT WOS:A1994NA22100011 ER PT J AU WASHINGTON, JW ROSE, AW CIOLKOSZ, EJ DOBOS, RR AF WASHINGTON, JW ROSE, AW CIOLKOSZ, EJ DOBOS, RR TI GASEOUS-DIFFUSION AND PERMEABILITY IN 4 SOIL PROFILES IN CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GAS; COEFFICIENT; RADON AB Bulk diffusion and gaseous permeability coefficients were measured in situ in most morphologic horizons of four soil profiles in central Pennsylvania. Such data are rare in the literature. From the eluvial to the illuvial horizons of individual soil profiles, bulk diffusion coefficients generally decrease by nearly an order of magnitude, and gaseous permeability coefficients decrease by about two orders of magnitude. In all four profiles, the diffusion and permeability coefficients are higher in the upper, coarsely textured horizons than the lower horizons and, at corresponding depths, in more coarsely textured than finely textured pedons. The accuracy of the diffusion coefficients is confirmed by the similarity of an observed radon-222 (Rn) concentration profile to that estimated using the measured diffusion coefficients and a two-dimensional finite difference model. Several published methods of estimating bulk diffusion coefficient from air-filled porosity are statistically compared with the data following log transformation. though all the methods tested were highly correlated to the in situ data, the estimates of Millington (1959, Science, 130:100-102) and Sallam et al. (1984, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 48:3-6) produced values most similar to those measured. Logarithmically transformed values of the bulk diffusion and permeability coefficients are highly correlated with each other for both our data and previously published data. This relationship holds true for eight different soils measured by separate researchers using different methodologies and appears to be generally applicable. Since the permeability values encompass a larger relative range than the diffusion values, measured gaseous permeability coefficients can be used to estimate bulk diffusion coefficients. This empirical approach to estimating diffusion coefficients is useful in that, in addition to air-filled porosity, permeability reflects the continuity and tortuosity of the air-filled pore system. Since the continuity and tortuosity of air-filled pores affect the diffusion coefficient, and neither of these properties are directly reflected in estimates based on air-filled porosity, estimation of diffusion coefficient using permeability accounts for important soil properties not directly accounted for with methods based on air-filled porosity alone. C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,COURTLAND,VA 23837. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOSCI,UNIV PK,PA 16802. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP WASHINGTON, JW (reprint author), MEISER & EARL INC,1512 W COLL AVE,STATE COLL,PA 16801, USA. NR 24 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 157 IS 2 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1097/00010694-199402000-00001 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MX348 UT WOS:A1994MX34800001 ER PT J AU PAIGE, G HILLEL, D AF PAIGE, G HILLEL, D TI COMPARISON OF 3 METHODS FOR ASSESSING SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES - RESPONSE SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID HEAD WELL PERMEAMETER; INSITU MEASUREMENT; CONDUCTIVITY; SORPTIVITY; ZONE C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. RP PAIGE, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,TUCSON,AZ, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 157 IS 2 BP 122 EP 124 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MX348 UT WOS:A1994MX34800009 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, JA AF WILLIAMS, JA TI ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY AND THE CONTRACT NUTRITION ANALYTICAL LABORATORY SO SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article C1 USDA,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS PI DULUTH PA 131 W FIRST ST, DULUTH, MN 55802 SN 0887-6703 J9 SPECTROSCOPY JI Spectroscopy PD FEB PY 1994 VL 9 IS 2 BP 19 EP 22 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA RF245 UT WOS:A1994RF24500003 ER PT J AU MORRIS, NM ANDREWS, BAK CATALANO, EA AF MORRIS, NM ANDREWS, BAK CATALANO, EA TI DETERMINATION OF POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS ON COTTON FABRIC BY FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES; BTCA; CITRIC ACID; COTTON; DURABLE PRESS; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY ID FORMALDEHYDE AB Polycarboxylic acids, applied with catalysts based on phosphorus-containing inorganic acids, have been found to produce cotton fabrics with excellent smooth-drying properties and better strength retention than fabrics treated with methylol derivatives of cyclic ureas. Unfortunately, there has been no method available for the quantitation of the polycarboxylic acids on fabrics either directly or as a reference. Recently the use of infrared spectroscopy to determine the amount of BTCA (butanetetracarboxylic acid) on cotton fabrics has been reported. Ratio of the ester/acid carbonyl peak at 1730 cm-1 to the CH2-bending peak in cellulose at 1373 cm-1 has given excellent quantitative results for cotton treated with this acid. The extension of the method to citric acid, another polycarboxylic acid of potential commercial importance is described. RP MORRIS, NM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 26 IS 2 BP 19 EP 21 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA MY160 UT WOS:A1994MY16000002 ER PT J AU GERFEN, RW WHITE, BR COTTA, MA WHEELER, MB AF GERFEN, RW WHITE, BR COTTA, MA WHEELER, MB TI COMPARISON OF THE SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF FENGJING, MEISHAN AND YORKSHIRE BOARS SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SEMEN; BOAR; CHINESE PIGS; SEMINAL PLASMA ID REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT; BICINCHONINIC ACID; CHINESE MEISHAN; LARGE WHITE; SPERMATOZOA; GROWTH; PLATES AB Semen characteristics of Chinese Fengjing, Chinese Meishan and American Yorkshire boars were examined. Samples were collected from 24 boars: 6 Fengjing, 12 Meishan and 6 Yorkshire. Three semen characteristics and 6 biochemical evaluations of semen or seminal plasma were analyzed. The whole semen parameters measured were gelatinours (gel) and gel-free volume and progressive motility. Fengjing boars were higher in gel volume than Meishan (P < 0.05) but not Yorkshire boars (P > 0.25), while Yorkshire boars were higher than Meishan boars in gel volume (P < 0.10). The gel-free volume was higher in Yorkshire and Fengjing boars than Meishan boars (P < 0.10), but Fengjing gel-free volumes did not differ from Yorkshire gel-free volumes (P > 0.80). However, the only difference detected for progressive motility was between Fengjing and Meishan boars (78.5 vs 74.5%; P < 0.10). Sperm concentration was higher in Meishan than Yorkshire boars (P < 0.01) although these breeds did not differ from Fengjing boars (P > 0.18). The biochemical measurements made were fructose, galactose, inositol, total carbohydrate and total protein in seminal plasma and pH in gel-free semen. Fengjing boars had higher concentrations of galactose in seminal plasma than Meishan or Yorkshire boars (P < 0.05), while Meishan seminal plasma had higher galactose concentrations than Yorkshire seminal plasma (P < 0.10). Fructose, inositol and total carbohydrate concentrations were all higher in Fengjing and Meishan seminal plasma than Yorkshire seminal plasma (P < 0.05). Fengjing seminal plasma had higher levels of inositol than Meishan seminal plasma (769 vs 566 mg/100 ml; P < 0.10). Furthermore, Fengjing and Meishan semen had similar fructose and total carbohydrate concentrations (P > 0.80). The pH level and total protein concentration did not differ among the 3 breeds (P > 0.30). This study indicated that breed differences were detected for several seminal parameters, although no single breed had consistantly higher values for all the parameters measured. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,MOLEC EMBRYOL LAB,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,PEORIA,IL 61604. OI Wheeler, Matthew/0000-0001-5589-357X; Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD FEB PY 1994 VL 41 IS 2 BP 461 EP 469 DI 10.1016/0093-691X(94)90082-T PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA MY289 UT WOS:A1994MY28900013 PM 16727404 ER PT J AU BRADE, W AF BRADE, W TI RECENT ADVANCES IN RESEARCH ON CATTLE-BREEDING - A REVIEW .1. INTEGRATION OF MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGIES - BETTER DETERMINATION OF BREEDING CHARACTERISTICS AND SELECTION FOR PROTEIN YIELD SO TIERARZTLICHE UMSCHAU LA German DT Article AB The recent advances in the forecasting of the breeding value of animals, taking account of the non-additive genetic effects, but taking advantage of the recent progress in biotechnology and specific economic aspects of the US dairy industry are described. Improvements in breeding can be characterised in terms of achievements in improving the assessment of individual animals, such as disease recording (eg mastitis incidence) and longevity. The current potential for selection for specific characteristics such as milk protein yield is limited Some progress can be expected in the improvement of individual characteristics as determined by genotype, for example to identify heterozygotes with a defective gene. The development of nucleus breeding programmes is allowing the acceleration of genetically dependent aspects. However, this will result in herd owners playing a less important role in breeding improvement programmes. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BRADE, W (reprint author), LANDWIRTSCHAFTSKAMMER HANNOVER,FACHBEREICH TIERPROD,WILHELM SEEDORF STR 1-3,D-29525 UELZEN,GERMANY. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TERRA-VERLAG GMBH PI KONSTANZ PA POSTFACH 10 21 44, D-78421 KONSTANZ, GERMANY SN 0049-3864 J9 TIERARZTL UMSCHAU JI Tierarztl. Umsch. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 49 IS 2 BP 63 EP 66 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MW598 UT WOS:A1994MW59800001 ER PT J AU PEI, L OMBURO, G MCGUINN, WD PETRIKOVICS, I DAVE, K RAUSHEL, FM WILD, JR DELOACH, JR WAY, JL AF PEI, L OMBURO, G MCGUINN, WD PETRIKOVICS, I DAVE, K RAUSHEL, FM WILD, JR DELOACH, JR WAY, JL TI ENCAPSULATION OF PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE WITHIN MURINE ERYTHROCYTES SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARRIER ERYTHROCYTES; PSEUDOMONAS-DIMINUTA; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS; THIOSULFATE; SOMAN; MICE C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT CHEM,COLL STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,COLL STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT LAB,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP PEI, L (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,HLTH SCI CTR,COLL MED,DEPT MED PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. RI Raushel, Frank/B-7125-2015 OI Raushel, Frank/0000-0002-5918-3089 NR 33 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 124 IS 2 BP 296 EP 301 DI 10.1006/taap.1994.1035 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA MW431 UT WOS:A1994MW43100016 PM 8122276 ER PT J AU PFISTER, JA PANTER, KE MANNERS, GD AF PFISTER, JA PANTER, KE MANNERS, GD TI EFFECTIVE DOSE IN CATTLE OF TOXIC ALKALOIDS FROM TALL LARKSPUR (DELPHINIUM-BARBEYI) SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHEEP AB We determined the po toxicity of tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) of known alkaloid composition to cattle. We calculated the effective dose at which the alkaloids methyllycaconitine and 14-deacetyl-nudicauline, collectively termed total toxic alkaloid, caused collapse and sternal recumbency, The effective dose of total toxic alkaloid that produced sternal recumbency in steers was 11.2 mg/kg bw. Based on this dose, we hypothesize that the LD(50) for a po dose of total toxic alkaloids in cattle will be 25 to 40 mg/kg bw. C1 US ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP PFISTER, JA (reprint author), US ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 10 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB KANSAS STATE UNIV PI MANHATTAN PA MANHATTAN, KS 66506 SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 36 IS 1 BP 10 EP 11 PG 2 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA MT525 UT WOS:A1994MT52500003 PM 8154094 ER PT J AU STEVENS, MG OLSEN, SC AF STEVENS, MG OLSEN, SC TI IN-VITRO EFFECTS OF LIVE AND KILLED BRUCELLA-ABORTUS ON BOVINE CYTOKINE AND PROSTAGLANDIN E(2) PRODUCTION SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IFN-GAMMA PRODUCTION; INTERFERON-GAMMA; INTERLEUKIN-2 PRODUCTION; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; MEDIATED ACTIVATION; IMMUNE INTERFERON; CELL-CULTURES; MACROPHAGES; MICE; INHIBITION AB Live and gamma-irradiated-killed Brucella abortus strain 2308 increased interleukin 1 (IL-1), but not interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), or prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production when incubated with normal bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Live B. abortus was more effective than killed B. abortus in stimulating IL-1 production by normal PBMC. Both live and killed B. abortus were equally effective in suppressing IL-2 and IFN-gamma production by Concanavalin A-stimulated PBMC. Incubation of PBMC with the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, blocked PGE(2) synthesis, but did not further enhance IL-1 production or prevent suppressed IL-2 and IFN-gamma production that was induced by live and killed B. abortus. These results suggest that B. abortus-induced suppression of IL-2 and IFN-gamma production did not appear to be mediated by the suppressive prostaglandin, PGE(2), or other cyclo-oxygenase metabolites. RP STEVENS, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 40 IS 2 BP 149 EP 161 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90030-2 PG 13 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA MV713 UT WOS:A1994MV71300005 PM 8160355 ER PT J AU DANIELS, EK WOOLLEN, NE WILSON, DJ PHILLIPS, RM YEARY, T AF DANIELS, EK WOOLLEN, NE WILSON, DJ PHILLIPS, RM YEARY, T TI INVESTIGATING THE LINK BETWEEN CHLAMYDIA AND PERINATAL MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN SWINE HERDS SO VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article RP DANIELS, EK (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU VETERINARY MEDICINE PUBL CO PI LENEXA PA 15333 W 95TH STREET, LENEXA, KS 66219 SN 8750-7943 J9 VET MED-US JI Vet. Med. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 89 IS 2 BP 157 EP & PG 0 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MW943 UT WOS:A1994MW94300009 ER PT J AU STABEL, TJ SHA, ZG MAYFIELD, JE AF STABEL, TJ SHA, ZG MAYFIELD, JE TI PERIPLASMIC LOCATION OF BRUCELLA-ABORTUS CU/ZN SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BRUCELLA ABORTUS; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; SPHEROBLAST ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MEMBRANE; COPPER; PROTEINS; MICE; BACTERIOCUPREIN; SENSITIVITY; VIRULENT; CLONING; STRESS AB Two types of superoxide dismutase (SOD) have been found in Brucella abortus, a cytosolic Mn-SOD and a Cu/Zn-SOD of unknown location. We sought to determine the subcellular location of Cu/ Zn-SOD in B. abortus ST 19. We report a modified spheroplasting procedure for the release of periplasmic contents from B. abortus cells using a dipolar ionic detergent, Zwittergent 316. This detergent, used in place of EDTA, destabilizes the outer membrane sufficiently to allow penetration of lysozyme and the subsequent selective release of periplasmic proteins by osmotic shock. Cytoplasmic cross-contamination of periplasmic fractions was assessed by assaying for malate dehydrogenase activity. Cyanide-sensitive and cyanide-insensitive SOD activity was measured by both the xanthine oxidase-cytochrome c method and a hematoxylin assay. Results suggest that B. abortus Cu/Zn-SOD activity is periplasmic. This zwittergent-lysozyme extraction procedure may be applicable to the separation, isolation and characterization of many other periplasmic proteins of B. abortus and other Gram-negative organisms especially when cytosolic contamination is undesirable. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL & GENET,AMES,IA 50011. RP STABEL, TJ (reprint author), US ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 33 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 38 IS 4 BP 307 EP 314 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(94)90149-X PG 8 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA MW941 UT WOS:A1994MW94100002 PM 8160346 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP LIN, TL AF DUBEY, JP LIN, TL TI ACUTE TOXOPLASMOSIS IN A GRAY FOX (UROCYON-CINEREOARGENTEUS) SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note DE TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; HAMMONDIA-HEYDORNI; FOX ID RED FOX AB Toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in a gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) found moribund in Lake Loundes Park, Mississippi. There was almost total necrosis of mesenteric lymph nodes, focal hemorrhage and necrosis in the brain. Lesions in all of these organs were associated with numerous Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. Tissue cysts were seen in the brain. Organisms reacted with anti-T. gondii serum in an avidin-biotin immunohistochemical test. There was no evidence of concurrent distemper or rabies virus infection. Hammon&a heydorni-like schizonts and gamonts were seen in sections of intestinal epithelium. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BLDG 1040,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 51 IS 3-4 BP 321 EP 325 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(94)90170-8 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA MX547 UT WOS:A1994MX54700016 PM 8171835 ER PT J AU ROSATI, S KWANG, J TOLARI, F KEEN, J AF ROSATI, S KWANG, J TOLARI, F KEEN, J TI A COMPARISON OF WHOLE VIRUS AND RECOMBINANT TRANSMEMBRANE ELISA AND IMMUNODIFFUSION FOR DETECTION OF OVINE LENTIVIRUS ANTIBODIES IN ITALIAN SHEEP FLOCKS SO VETERINARY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ANTIBODY; ANTIGEN; DIAGNOSIS; LENTIVIRUS; SHEEP; SEROLOGY ID MAEDI-VISNA VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA; PROTEINS; GENE AB Sera from two sheep experimentally infected with ovine lentivirus (OLV) and from 186 sheep selected from flocks with known high or low prevalence of infection or on the basis of virological or histopathological examination were simultaneously tested by whole virus (WV) ELISA, recombinant transmembrane (r-TM) ELISA and AGID assay. Antigens for both the WV ELISA and AGID were prepared from an Italian field isolate; recombinant antigen was derived from the N'-terminal region of the transmembrane envelope protein of strain K1514. The WV ELISA detected the highest number of seropositives, followed by the r-TM ELISA and AGID test. The sensitivity and specificity of the r-TM ELISA relative to the WV ELISA were 0.66 and 0.95, respectively. Immunoblot analysis of 14 WV ELISA-positive and r-TM ELISA-negative sera showed that the major core protein was immunodominant on WV antigen. It is concluded that the r-TM ELISA was more sensitive than the AGID test but less sensitive that the WV ELISA, particularly for detecting antibodies in the early stages of infection. C1 USDA ARS,US HEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP ROSATI, S (reprint author), UNIV TURIN,DEPT ANIM PROD EPIDEMIOL & ECOL,VIA NIZZA 52,I-10126 TURIN,ITALY. OI Rosati, Sergio/0000-0002-8315-0316 NR 18 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7380 J9 VET RES COMMUN JI Vet. Res. Commun. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 18 IS 1 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1007/BF01839262 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NP914 UT WOS:A1994NP91400008 PM 8091643 ER PT J AU HUANG, K ZHANG, R VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF HUANG, K ZHANG, R VANGENUCHTEN, MT TI AN EULERIAN-LAGRANGIAN APPROACH WITH AN ADAPTIVELY CORRECTED METHOD OF CHARACTERISTICS TO SIMULATE VARIABLY SATURATED WATER-FLOW SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED SOILS; MODEL DEVELOPMENT; DRY SOILS; INFILTRATION; EQUATION AB A relatively simple method of characteristics is developed to simulate one-dimensional variably saturated water flow. The method uses the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to separate the governing flow equation into ''convection'' and ''diffusion'' parts, which are solved with the method of characteristics and the conventional finite element method, respectively. The method of characteristics combines a single-step reverse particle tracking technique with a correction strategy to ensure accurate mass balances. The correction process is implemented by weighing the calculated convective contribution to the pressure head at each node with the pressure head values of two upstream nodes, using an adaptive weighing factor lambda. The value of lambda is automatically adjusted by considering the global mass balance at each time step. Numerical experiments for ponded infiltration are presented to illustrate the scheme's performance for situations involving highly nonlinear soil hydraulic properties and extremely dry initial conditions. Results indicate that the proposed method is mass-conservative, virtually oscillation-free, and computationally quite efficient. The method is especially effective for simulating highly nonlinear flow scenarios for which traditional finite difference and finite element numerical methods often fail to converge. RP HUANG, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 30 IS 2 BP 499 EP 507 DI 10.1029/93WR02881 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA MV707 UT WOS:A1994MV70700028 ER PT J AU TRASKMORRELL, BJ CHOI, HM AF TRASKMORRELL, BJ CHOI, HM TI THERMAL-CHARACTERISTICS OF UNSATURATED DICARBOXYLIC-ACID DURABLE PRESS FINISHING SYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS; THERMOANALYTICAL CHARACTERISTICS; SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSES; REACTANTS; CATALYST; COTTON AB Thermoanalytical (TA) studies including differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses were carried out to measure characteristics of dried mixtures based on two unsaturated polycarboxylic acids. Model 9% treatment (pad) solutions of maleic (M) and/or itaconic (1) acid, with and without potassium peroxydisulfate (K) as the free-radical initiator, were prepared with sodium hypophosphite (H) as the catalyst and vacuum oven-dried. DSC thermograms varied with each component; even the presence of a small amount of component K was evident. TG residue production and maximum rates of weight loss were the most useful thermal parameters. Residue/rate factors, used previously as predictors, were calculated. Previous studies indicated that high residues and low rates were indicators of combinations of reactants that resulted in good durable press treatments for fabrics. Residue/rate factors were used to rank the six mixtures that reflect actual fabric treatment combinations: MH, IH, MIH, and those same three with the initiator present. Rankings indicated that the presence of the initiator significantly increased the residue/rate factor for IHK and for MIHK. The presence of the initiator appears more beneficial to itaconic acid than to maleic acid. The rankings by the TA predictor agreed with textile properties measuring appearance and strength. (C) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT CLOTHING TEXTILES & INTERIOR DESIGN,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP TRASKMORRELL, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JAN 31 PY 1994 VL 51 IS 5 BP 769 EP 779 DI 10.1002/app.1994.070510501 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA MR266 UT WOS:A1994MR26600001 ER PT J AU DARENSBOURG, DJ JOO, F KANNISTO, M KATHO, A REIBENSPIES, JH DAIGLE, DJ AF DARENSBOURG, DJ JOO, F KANNISTO, M KATHO, A REIBENSPIES, JH DAIGLE, DJ TI WATER-SOLUBLE ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS .4. CATALYTIC-HYDROGENATION OF ALDEHYDES IN AN AQUEOUS 2-PHASE SOLVENT SYSTEM USING A 1,3,5-TRIAZA-7-PHOSPHAADAMANTANE COMPLEX OF RUTHENIUM SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA,BETA-UNSATURATED ALDEHYDES; SULFONATED TRIPHENYLPHOSPHANE; HOMOGENEOUS HYDROGENATION; SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION; PHOSPHINE COMPLEXES; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; RHODIUM COMPLEXES; METAL-COMPLEXES; SODIUM FORMATE; REDUCTION AB The water-soluble phosphine complex of ruthenium(II), cis-RuCl2(PTA)(4) (3), has been prepared by the reduction of RuCl3 in ethanol in the presence of the air-stable phosphine 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (2). Complex 3 is an effective catalyst for the regioselective conversion of unsaturated aldehydes to unsaturated alcohols using a biphasic aqueous/organic medium with sodium formate as the source of hydrogen, thus affording facile catalyst recovery and recycle. Both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes were reduced to the corresponding alcohols. The formate ion was shown to directly be the hydrogen source by deuterium labeling experiments. The rate of hydrogenation of benzaldehyde was found to be first order in catalyst concentration, first order in substrate concentration (in the low-concentration regime), and independent of formate concentration at concentrations > 2.5 M. The reduction process was greatly retarded by the presence of excess phosphine ligand. The apparent activation energy determined was 23.9 kcal mol(-1). A catalytic cycle was proposed which involves the rapid formation of a ruthenium hydride formate complex followed by. phosphine dissociation and aldehyde addition in a slower step. Subsequent formation of a metal alkoxide intermediate and protonation completes the cycle. Recycling experiments demonstrated the catalyst to be quite robust. Complex 3 crystallized in the monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/n, with a = 11.399(7) Angstrom, b = 19.281(8) Angstrom, c = 15.068(7) Angstrom, beta = 110.85(4)degrees, V = 3095(3)Angstrom(3), and D-calcd = 1.718 g cm(-3) for Z = 4 from a water solution. Complex 4, RuCl2(PTA)(4).2HCl, crystallized in the orthorhombic space group Fdd2, with a = 23.403(5) Angstrom, b = 16.317(4) Angstrom, c = 19.588(5) Angstrom, V = 7480 Angstrom(3), and D-calcd = 1.679 g cm(-3) for Z = 8 from a dilute HCl solution of 3. In addition a small quantity of RuCl3(PTA)(2).2HCl (5) crystallized in the triclinic space group P ($) over bar 1, with a = 7.496(2) Angstrom, b = 8.028(2) Angstrom, c = 11.593(4) Angstrom, alpha = 72.73(3)degrees, beta = 72.98(2)degrees, gamma = 78.08(2)degrees, V = 631.5(3) Angstrom(3), and D-calcd = 1.753 g cm(-3) for Z = 1. C1 KOSSUTH LAJOS UNIV,INST PHYS CHEM,H-4010 DEBRECEN,HUNGARY. USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP DARENSBOURG, DJ (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT CHEM,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. RI Agnes, Katho/H-4909-2011; Ferenc, Joo/B-3753-2011; Darensbourg, Donald/O-5084-2014 OI Darensbourg, Donald/0000-0001-9285-4895 NR 44 TC 147 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JAN 19 PY 1994 VL 33 IS 2 BP 200 EP 208 DI 10.1021/ic00080a006 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA MT108 UT WOS:A1994MT10800006 ER PT J AU NEWMAN, JFE PIATTI, PG GORMAN, BM BURRAGE, TG RYAN, MD FLINT, M BROWN, F AF NEWMAN, JFE PIATTI, PG GORMAN, BM BURRAGE, TG RYAN, MD FLINT, M BROWN, F TI FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS-PARTICLES CONTAIN REPLICASE PROTEIN 3D SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RNA-POLYMERASE; EXPRESSION AB An antibody against the Escherichia coli-expressed RNA polymerase of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) reacts with the virus in ELISA and radioimmuno-precipitation experiments and with a protein of the disrupted virus particle in an immunoblot analysis. Treatment of the virus with trypsin, which cleaves capsid protein VP1 and a 56-kDa polypeptide present in trace amount in the particles, reduces the level of the reaction in ELISA and radioimmunoprecipitation and eliminates the immunoblot reaction. Electron microscopy showed that only approximate to 20% of the virus particles reacted with the anti-polymerase antibody, whereas most reacted with an antibody against the immunodominant G-H loop of the virus. In the presence of ammonium ions, the expressed polymerase degrades the RNA of the virus into molecules sedimenting at approximate to 12 S, indicating that it can act as a hydrolytic as well as a polymerizing enzyme. Moreover, the RNA in trypsin-treated virus particles is degraded when incubated at 37 degrees C, suggesting that the cleaved 56-kDa protein still possesses hydrolytic activity. In addition, the anti-polymerase antibody, which inhibits the polymerase activity of the E. coli-expressed protein, also partially inhibits the hydrolytic activity of the previously described endonuclease of the virus particle, suggesting that this enzyme is identical with the polymerase or forms part of it. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. INST ANIM HLTH,PIRBRIGHT LAB,WOKING GU24 0NF,SURREY,ENGLAND. OI Flint, Michael/0000-0002-5373-787X NR 24 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 18 PY 1994 VL 91 IS 2 BP 733 EP 737 DI 10.1073/pnas.91.2.733 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MR989 UT WOS:A1994MR98900063 PM 8290591 ER PT J AU SVOBODA, JA LUSBY, WR AF SVOBODA, JA LUSBY, WR TI VARIABILITY OF STEROL UTILIZATION IN STORED-PRODUCTS INSECTS SO EXPERIENTIA LA English DT Article DE STORED-PRODUCTS INSECTS; STEROL METABOLISM; TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM; TENEBRIO MOLITOR; PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA; C-28 AND C-29 PHYTOSTEROLS; 7-DEHYDROCHOLESTEROL; CHOLESTEROL ID METABOLISM AB A comparison of sterol utilization by 3 stored-products insects revealed very different capabilities. The flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, dealkylates and converts dietary sitosterol to about equal amounts of cholesterol (43.7%) and 7-dehydrocholesterol (39.8%), whereas another flour beetle, Tenebrio molitor, produces considerably less 7-dehydrocholesterol (16.8%) and relatively more cholesterol (66.7%) from sitosterol. The lepidopteran, Plodia interpunctella, utilized dietary sterol very similar to plant-feeding Lepidoptera, producing primarily cholesterol (86.5%) from sitosterol. RP SVOBODA, JA (reprint author), US ARS,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0014-4754 J9 EXPERIENTIA JI Experientia PD JAN 15 PY 1994 VL 50 IS 1 BP 72 EP 74 DI 10.1007/BF01992053 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MT163 UT WOS:A1994MT16300013 ER PT J AU RIMLER, RB RHOADES, KR AF RIMLER, RB RHOADES, KR TI HYALURONIDASE AND CHONDROITINASE ACTIVITY OF PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA SEROTYPE B/2 INVOLVED IN HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Note ID HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA; FOWL CHOLERA RP RIMLER, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AVIAN DIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD JAN 15 PY 1994 VL 134 IS 3 BP 67 EP 68 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MR959 UT WOS:A1994MR95900006 PM 8135018 ER PT J AU HAMADA, JS AF HAMADA, JS TI USE OF POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR PREPARATIVE SEPARATION OF ASPERGILLUS-FICUUM ACID-PHOSPHATASES SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article ID PURIFICATION; SEQUENCE; PHYTASE; PRECIPITATION; PROTEINS; NIGER; GENE AB Proteins of Aspergillus ficuum culture filtrate were sequentially fractionated with 4, 9, 15, 19, 24, 30 and 36% polyethylene glycol(PEG) into seven acid phosphatases (APases) with 93% and 52% overall recoveries of activity and protein, respectively. Crude extract was also separated into seven APase peaks on a 30 cm x 2.5 cm I.D. anion-exchange column using 0.1 M Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) and a 0-0.4 ill KCl gradient as the eluent, but their resolution was incomplete. However, when individual PEG precipitates were injected on to the column, each APase was eluted in a single, large peak resulting in 85% recovery and fifteen-fold purification of APase activity over the PEG precipitates. Use of PEG prior to HPLC separations also reduced the separation time to half and allowed a tenfold increase in sample load with complete resolution. The APases in PEG fractions and their corresponding HPLC peaks varied significantly in their kinetic parameters, including substrate specificity and pH optimum. The method developed is most beneficial for the isolation of these closely related APases from microbial or other sources for further molecular biology studies. RP USDA, SO REG RES CTR, POB 19687, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 14 PY 1994 VL 658 IS 2 BP 371 EP 380 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80027-8 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA MW231 UT WOS:A1994MW23100016 PM 8118550 ER PT J AU BUONO, RA PRESTRELSKI, SJ LIEBMAN, MN BYLER, DM AF BUONO, RA PRESTRELSKI, SJ LIEBMAN, MN BYLER, DM TI INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF CALCIUM-BINDING TO INHIBITED BETA-TRYPSINS SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEIN STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; TRYPSIN; CALCIUM; ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTION; AMIDINE ID SECONDARY STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ACTIVE-SITE; RESOLUTION; SPECTRA; DECONVOLUTION; FORMS; BANDS AB Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to examine the effect of calcium binding on the secondary structure of two inhibited bovine beta-trypsins. Neither the diisopropyl fluorophosphate- nor benzamidine-inhibited forms showed detectable secondary structure perturbation upon calcium binding at pD 6.9 and 5.0, respectively. Considered in light of the recent assignment of an amide I' band to the autolysis loop of bovine beta-trypsin, these results contradict the generally held hypothesis that calcium slows trypsin autolysis by induction of a conformational change at this site and support the recent contention that the mechanism of action has a specific electrostatic origin. In addition, the appearance of a band at 1699 cm(-1) in the benzamidine-inhibited form can be interpreted as resulting from the NC-N stretching vibrations of the amidinium moiety, which the observed crystal structure indicates is hydrogen-bonded to the carboxyl group of active-site Asp-189. C1 MT SINAI HOSP,MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL,NEW YORK,NY 10029. USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. MT SINAI HOSP,MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,NEW YORK,NY 10029. RI Byler, David Michael/C-5007-2008 OI Byler, David Michael/0000-0002-6880-7674 NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4838 J9 BBA-PROTEIN STRUCT M JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Protein Struct. Molec. Enzym. PD JAN 11 PY 1994 VL 1204 IS 1 BP 124 EP 128 DI 10.1016/0167-4838(94)90041-8 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA MX901 UT WOS:A1994MX90100017 PM 8305469 ER PT J AU PAVLATH, AE AF PAVLATH, AE TI APPI, PALIDZIBU, GELBIKIT SO CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING NEWS LA English DT Letter C1 USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0009-2347 J9 CHEM ENG NEWS JI Chem. Eng. News PD JAN 10 PY 1994 VL 72 IS 2 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA MQ409 UT WOS:A1994MQ40900006 ER PT J AU RIEDER, E BAXT, B MASON, PW AF RIEDER, E BAXT, B MASON, PW TI GENETICALLY-ENGINEERED FMDVS INCAPABLE OF INFECTING CELLS VIA THE NATURAL RECEPTOR CAN DO SO BY AN ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT ENHANCEMENT PATHWAY SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 51 EP 51 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200173 ER PT J AU WAN, YC LEMAUX, PG AF WAN, YC LEMAUX, PG TI DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF AND EFFICIENT TRANSFORMATION SYSTEM FOR BARLEY SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 78 EP 78 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200261 ER PT J AU BOESHORE, ML KLAASSEN, VA CARNEY, K MCMASTER, JR RUSSELL, PF HIMMEL, P DUFFUS, JE FALK, B AF BOESHORE, ML KLAASSEN, VA CARNEY, K MCMASTER, JR RUSSELL, PF HIMMEL, P DUFFUS, JE FALK, B TI ENGINEERING LETTUCE FOR RESISTANCE TO LETTUCE INFECTIOUS YELLOWS VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ASGROW SEED CO,KALAMAZOO,MI 49001. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. US ARS,US AGR RES STN,SALINAS,CA 93905. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 85 EP 85 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200284 ER PT J AU DANDEKAR, AM MCGRANAHAN, GH VAIL, PV URATSU, SL LESLIE, C TEBBETS, JS AF DANDEKAR, AM MCGRANAHAN, GH VAIL, PV URATSU, SL LESLIE, C TEBBETS, JS TI EXPRESSION OF BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS VAR KURSTAKI CRYIA(C) SEQUENCES IN TRANSGENIC SOMATIC WALNUT EMBRYOS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT POMOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 86 EP 86 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200286 ER PT J AU LUTHE, DS JIANG, BH WILLIAMS, WP AF LUTHE, DS JIANG, BH WILLIAMS, WP TI THE CHARACTERIZATION OF A 33KD PROTEIN ASSOCIATED WITH CORN GENOTYPES RESISTANT TO FALL ARMYWORM SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. US ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 89 EP 89 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200297 ER PT J AU TROLINDER, NL ALLEN, RD AF TROLINDER, NL ALLEN, RD TI EXPRESSION OF CHLOROPLAST LOCALIZED MN SOD IN TRANSGENIC COTTON SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ARS,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 97 EP 97 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200329 ER PT J AU CALLAHAN, AM COHEN, RA AF CALLAHAN, AM COHEN, RA TI FRUIT RIPENING REGULATED LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS OF PEACH SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 98 EP 98 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200334 ER PT J AU MATHEWS, D AUSTINPHILLIPS, S SHAHAN, M BURGESS, R STRAUB, R KOEGEL, R AMASINO, R AF MATHEWS, D AUSTINPHILLIPS, S SHAHAN, M BURGESS, R STRAUB, R KOEGEL, R AMASINO, R TI PRODUCTION AND RECOVERY OF ADDED VALUE PROTEINS IN ALFALFA SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR BIOTECHNOL,DEPT AGR ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,US ARS,DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BIOCHEM,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 99 EP 99 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200336 ER PT J AU SAUNDERS, JA SMITH, CR CHENG, JP AF SAUNDERS, JA SMITH, CR CHENG, JP TI ANALYSIS OF TRANSFORMED PLANTS PRODUCED BY POLLEN ELECTROTRANSFORMATION SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ARS,INST PALNT SCI,SARL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 101 EP 101 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200347 ER PT J AU SCORZA, R CORDTS, JM RAMMING, DW EMERSHAD, RL AF SCORZA, R CORDTS, JM RAMMING, DW EMERSHAD, RL TI TRANSFORMATION OF GRAPE (VITIS-VINIFERA L) SOMATIC EMBRYOS AND REGENERATION OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. US ARS,HCRL,FRESNO,CA 93727. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 102 EP 102 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200348 ER PT J AU SHATTERS, RG WHEELER, RA LEMAUX, PG WEST, SH AF SHATTERS, RG WHEELER, RA LEMAUX, PG WEST, SH TI PARTICLE GUN BOMBARDMENT OF EMBRYOGENIC BAHIAGRASS CALLUS-CULTURE SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA,ARS,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 102 EP 102 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200350 ER PT J AU WAN, YC LEMAUX, PG AF WAN, YC LEMAUX, PG TI EFFICIENT PRODUCTION OF FERTILE TRANSGENIC BARLEY PLANTS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, USDA, ARS, CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT PLANT BIOL, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 103 EP 103 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200353 ER PT J AU WEEKS, JT ANDERSON, OD BLECHL, AE AF WEEKS, JT ANDERSON, OD BLECHL, AE TI STABLE TRANSFORMATION OF WHEAT (TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L) BY MICROPROJECTILE BOMBARDMENT SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 104 EP 104 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200356 ER PT J AU GEBHARDT, JS MATTHEWS, BF AF GEBHARDT, JS MATTHEWS, BF TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ASPARTATE KINASE-HOMOSERINE DEHYDROGENASE GENE FAMILY IN SOYBEAN SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ARS,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200359 ER PT J AU HUGHES, CA MATTHEWS, BF AF HUGHES, CA MATTHEWS, BF TI MOLECULAR-CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF ASPARAGINE SYNTHETASE FROM SOYBEAN SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MORGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21239. US ARS,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200360 ER PT J AU MATTHEWS, BF WADSWORTH, G GEBHARDT, JS WILSON, B AF MATTHEWS, BF WADSWORTH, G GEBHARDT, JS WILSON, B TI CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF GENES ENCODING ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE IN SOYBEAN SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ARS,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200362 ER PT J AU SILK, GW MATTHEWS, BF AF SILK, GW MATTHEWS, BF TI CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF THE SOYBEAN GENE ENCODING DIHYDRODIPICOLINATE SYNTHASE (DS) SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ARS,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 107 EP 107 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200369 ER PT J AU BUSH, AL RAYAPATI, PJ LEE, M WISE, R AF BUSH, AL RAYAPATI, PJ LEE, M WISE, R TI USING NEARLY-ISOGENIC LINES OF AVENA-SATIVA TO IDENTIFY MOLECULAR MARKERS TIGHTLY LINKED TO GENES FOR CROWN RUST RESISTANCE SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 116 EP 116 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200403 ER PT J AU MEDBERRY, SL QIN, MM DALE, EC OW, DW AF MEDBERRY, SL QIN, MM DALE, EC OW, DW TI DELETIONS AND INVERSIONS IN PLANT CHROMOSOMES GENERATED BY CRE-LOX SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 117 EP 117 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200405 ER PT J AU OZIASAKINS, P LUBBERS, EL HANNA, WW AF OZIASAKINS, P LUBBERS, EL HANNA, WW TI MOLECULAR MARKERS FOR APOMICTIC REPRODUCTION - RFLPS, RAPDS, AND STSS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,COSTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,COSTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 118 EP 118 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200408 ER PT J AU PRAKASH, CS HE, GH JARRET, RL AF PRAKASH, CS HE, GH JARRET, RL TI GENETIC DIVERSITY IN SWEET-POTATO GERMPLASM ANALYZED BY DNA AMPLIFICATION FINGERPRINTING SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUSKEGEE UNIV,SCH AGR,TUSKEGEE,AL 36088. US ARS,REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 118 EP 118 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200409 ER PT J AU WISE, RP DESCENZO, RA MAHADEVAPPA, M AF WISE, RP DESCENZO, RA MAHADEVAPPA, M TI RECOMBINATION AND HIGH-RESOLUTION MAPPING OF THE MLA POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS IN BARLEY SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,INTERDEPT GENET PROGRAM,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 118 EP 118 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200411 ER PT J AU HAUSMAN, GJ WRIGHT, JT AF HAUSMAN, GJ WRIGHT, JT TI IMPAIRED CYTODIFFERENTIATION OF THE ADIPOCYTE ASSOCIATED VASCULATURE ASSOCIATED WITH ENHANCED ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 161 EP 161 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200545 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, JT HAUSMAN, GJ AF WRIGHT, JT HAUSMAN, GJ TI IN-VITRO IMMUNOCYTOTOXICITY OF PORCINE ADIPOCYTES SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30605. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 4 PY 1994 SU 18A BP 173 EP 173 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MV412 UT WOS:A1994MV41200592 ER PT B AU KRASZEWSKI, AW NELSON, SO AF KRASZEWSKI, AW NELSON, SO GP IEEE TI RESONANT-CAVITY PERTURBATION MEASUREMENT FOR MASS DETERMINATION OF THE PERTURBING OBJECT SO 10TH ANNIVERSARY, IMTC/94 - ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IN I & M, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 AND SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference - Advanced Technologies in I and M (IMTC/94) CY MAY 10-12, 1994 CL HAMAMATSU, JAPAN SP IEEE, INSTRUMENTAT & MEASUREMENT SOC, SOC INSTRUMENT & CONTROL ENGINEERS, JAPAN C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-1880-3 PY 1994 BP 1261 EP 1264 DI 10.1109/IMTC.1994.351826 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BC27G UT WOS:A1994BC27G00330 ER PT B AU VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF VANGENUCHTEN, MT BE Etchevers, JD TI New issues and challenges in soil physics research SO 15TH WORLD CONGRESS OF SOIL SCIENCE, VOL 1, TRANSACTIONS: INAUGURAL AND STATE OF THE ART CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 10-16, 1994 CL ACAPULCO, MEXICO SP Int Soc Soil Sci, Mexican Soc Soil Sci C1 USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY SOIL SCIENCE PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 353, 6700AJ WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS PY 1994 BP 5 EP 27 PG 23 WC Agronomy; Geography; Geology; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Geography; Geology GA BD59X UT WOS:A1994BD59X00002 ER PT B AU RHOADES, JD AF RHOADES, JD BE Etchevers, JD TI Soil salinity assessment: Recent advances and findings SO 15TH WORLD CONGRESS OF SOIL SCIENCE, VOL 3A, TRANSACTIONS: COMMISSION II: SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 10-16, 1994 CL ACAPULCO, MEXICO SP Int Soc Soil Sci, Mexican Soc Soil Sci C1 USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY SOIL SCIENCE PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 353, 6700AJ WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS PY 1994 BP 293 EP 319 PG 27 WC Agronomy; Geography; Geology; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Geography; Geology GA BD59Z UT WOS:A1994BD59Z00021 ER PT B AU LINDERMAN, RG AF LINDERMAN, RG BE Etchevers, JDB TI Biological control of root pathogens SO 15TH WORLD CONGRESS OF SOIL SCIENCE, VOL 4A, TRANSACTIONS: COMMISSION III: SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 10-16, 1994 CL ACAPULCO, MEXICO SP Int Soc Soil Sci, Mexican Soc Soil Sci C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY SOIL SCIENCE PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 353, 6700AJ WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS PY 1994 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Geography; Geology; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Geography; Geology GA BD60A UT WOS:A1994BD60A00001 ER PT J AU BETHLENFALVAY, GJ AF BETHLENFALVAY, GJ BE Etchevers, JDB TI Sustainability and rhizo-organisms in an agrosystem SO 15TH WORLD CONGRESS OF SOIL SCIENCE, VOL 4A, TRANSACTIONS: COMMISSION III: SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 10-16, 1994 CL ACAPULCO, MEXICO SP Int Soc Soil Sci, Mexican Soc Soil Sci C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY SOIL SCIENCE PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 353, 6700AJ WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS PY 1994 BP 9 EP 10 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Geography; Geology; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Geography; Geology GA BD60A UT WOS:A1994BD60A00002 ER PT J AU DORAN, JW AULAKH, MS AF DORAN, JW AULAKH, MS BE Etchevers, JD TI Denitrification in soils under sustainable management as compared with conventional-tillage SO 15TH WORLD CONGRESS OF SOIL SCIENCE, VOL 5A, TRANSACTIONS: COMMISSION IV: SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 10-16, 1994 CL ACAPULCO, MEXICO SP Int Soc Soil Sci, Mexican Soc Soil Sci C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY SOIL SCIENCE PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 353, 6700AJ WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS PY 1994 BP 46 EP 47 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Geography; Geology; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Geography; Geology GA BD60B UT WOS:A1994BD60B00005 ER PT J AU FOLLETT, RF WIERENGA, PJ AF FOLLETT, RF WIERENGA, PJ BE Etchevers, JD TI Integrated nitrogen management in relation to leaching and groundwater quality SO 15TH WORLD CONGRESS OF SOIL SCIENCE, VOL 5A, TRANSACTIONS: COMMISSION IV: SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 10-16, 1994 CL ACAPULCO, MEXICO SP Int Soc Soil Sci, Mexican Soc Soil Sci C1 USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY SOIL SCIENCE PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 353, 6700AJ WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS PY 1994 BP 122 EP 122 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Geography; Geology; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Geography; Geology GA BD60B UT WOS:A1994BD60B00011 ER PT B AU SHAFFER, MJ WYLIE, BK AF SHAFFER, MJ WYLIE, BK BE Etchevers, JD TI Identification and mitigation of nitrate leaching hot spots using NLEAP/GIS technology SO 15TH WORLD CONGRESS OF SOIL SCIENCE, VOL 5A, TRANSACTIONS: COMMISSION IV: SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 10-16, 1994 CL ACAPULCO, MEXICO SP Int Soc Soil Sci, Mexican Soc Soil Sci C1 USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY SOIL SCIENCE PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 353, 6700AJ WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS PY 1994 BP 151 EP 164 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Geography; Geology; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Geography; Geology GA BD60B UT WOS:A1994BD60B00014 ER PT J AU SCHEPERS, JS VARVEL, GE WATTS, DG AF SCHEPERS, JS VARVEL, GE WATTS, DG BE Etchevers, JD TI Nitrogen and water management strategies to protect groundwater quality SO 15TH WORLD CONGRESS OF SOIL SCIENCE, VOL 5A, TRANSACTIONS: COMMISSION IV: SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 10-16, 1994 CL ACAPULCO, MEXICO SP Int Soc Soil Sci, Mexican Soc Soil Sci C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY SOIL SCIENCE PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 353, 6700AJ WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS PY 1994 BP 192 EP 204 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Geography; Geology; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Geography; Geology GA BD60B UT WOS:A1994BD60B00017 ER PT J AU FLACH, KW NIMLOS, TJ ENGEL, RJ AF FLACH, KW NIMLOS, TJ ENGEL, RJ BE Etchevers, JD TI Criteria and classification of indurated volcanic soil horizons SO 15TH WORLD CONGRESS OF SOIL SCIENCE, VOL 6A, TRANSACTIONS: COMMISSION V: SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 10-16, 1994 CL ACAPULCO, MEXICO SP Int Soc Soil Sci, Mexican Soc Soil Sci C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20013. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY SOIL SCIENCE PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 353, 6700AJ WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS PY 1994 BP 481 EP 486 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Geography; Geology; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Geography; Geology GA BD60C UT WOS:A1994BD60C00040 ER PT J AU ZOBECK, TM ROLONG, NA ALLEN, BL AF ZOBECK, TM ROLONG, NA ALLEN, BL BE Etchevers, JD TI An assessment of rapid deterioration of sandy loam soils following cultivation of grassland SO 15TH WORLD CONGRESS OF SOIL SCIENCE, VOL 7A, TRANSACTIONS: COMMISSION VI: SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 10-16, 1994 CL ACAPULCO, MEXICO SP Int Soc Soil Sci, Mexican Soc Soil Sci C1 USDA ARS,LUBBOCK,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY SOIL SCIENCE PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 353, 6700AJ WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS PY 1994 BP 321 EP 333 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Geography; Geology; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Geography; Geology GA BD60D UT WOS:A1994BD60D00023 ER PT J AU ATWOOD, JD JONES, CA ALT, K AF ATWOOD, JD JONES, CA ALT, K BE Etchevers, JDB TI Integrating soil resource information in economic assessments of land use and conservation policies SO 15TH WORLD CONGRESS OF SOIL SCIENCE, VOL 9, TRANSACTION: SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 10-16, 1994 CL ACAPULCO, MEXICO SP Int Soc Soil Sci, Mexican Soc Soil Sci C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,DIV STRATEG PLANNING & POLICY ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20013. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY SOIL SCIENCE PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 353, 6700AJ WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS PY 1994 BP 109 EP 110 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Geography; Geology; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Geography; Geology GA BD60F UT WOS:A1994BD60F00014 ER PT J AU OLSON, CG AF OLSON, CG BE Etchevers, JDB TI Systematic soil-geomorphic investigations - An evolution in pedologic interpretation SO 15TH WORLD CONGRESS OF SOIL SCIENCE, VOL 9, TRANSACTION: SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 10-16, 1994 CL ACAPULCO, MEXICO SP Int Soc Soil Sci, Mexican Soc Soil Sci C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,LINCOLN,NE. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY SOIL SCIENCE PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 353, 6700AJ WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS PY 1994 BP 121 EP 122 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Geography; Geology; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Geography; Geology GA BD60F UT WOS:A1994BD60F00017 ER PT B AU KIMBLE, JM LEVINE, ER AF KIMBLE, JM LEVINE, ER BE Etchevers, JDB TI The Nairobi Conference: Topics, results, and research needs SO 15TH WORLD CONGRESS OF SOIL SCIENCE, VOL 9, TRANSACTION: SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th World Congress of Soil Science CY JUL 10-16, 1994 CL ACAPULCO, MEXICO SP Int Soc Soil Sci, Mexican Soc Soil Sci C1 USDA,NATL SOIL SURVEY CTR,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,LINCOLN,NE 68508. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY SOIL SCIENCE PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 353, 6700AJ WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS PY 1994 BP 151 EP 162 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Geography; Geology; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Geography; Geology GA BD60F UT WOS:A1994BD60F00020 ER PT S AU KIRK, TK AF KIRK, TK GP TAPPI TI TECHNICAL OVERVIEW OF FOREST BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH IN THE UNITED-STATES SO 1994 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Biological Sciences Symposium CY OCT 03-06, 1994 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP TAPPI C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-930-1 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1994 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BB80Q UT WOS:A1994BB80Q00001 ER PT S AU CROW, TR AF CROW, TR GP TAPPI TI AN ECOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL OVERVIEW - APPLYING AN ECOSYSTEM-BASED APPROACH TO FOREST MANAGEMENT SO 1994 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Biological Sciences Symposium CY OCT 03-06, 1994 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP TAPPI C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-930-1 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1994 BP 9 EP 10 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BB80Q UT WOS:A1994BB80Q00003 ER PT S AU KIRK, TK BLANCHETTE, RA AKHTAR, M AF KIRK, TK BLANCHETTE, RA AKHTAR, M GP TAPPI TI BIOPULPING - 7 YEARS OF CONSORTIA RESEARCH SO 1994 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Biological Sciences Symposium CY OCT 03-06, 1994 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP TAPPI C1 US FOREST SERV,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-930-1 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1994 BP 57 EP 66 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BB80Q UT WOS:A1994BB80Q00011 ER PT S AU HAYES, KC AF HAYES, KC GP TAPPI TI TRANSFERRING TECHNOLOGY TO USDA CLIENT GROUPS - A TEST CASE WITH THE UNITED-STATES HARDWOOD INDUSTRY SO 1994 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Biological Sciences Symposium CY OCT 03-06, 1994 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP TAPPI C1 USDA,NATL AGR LIB,CTR TECHNOL TRANSFER INFORMAT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-930-1 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1994 BP 89 EP 92 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BB80Q UT WOS:A1994BB80Q00016 ER PT S AU DOBERT, RC AF DOBERT, RC GP TAPPI TI TAPPING INTO FORESTRY BIOTECHNOLOGY INFORMATION SO 1994 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Biological Sciences Symposium CY OCT 03-06, 1994 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP TAPPI C1 USDA,NATL AGR LIB ,CTR BIOTECHNOL INFORMAT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-930-1 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1994 BP 93 EP 100 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BB80Q UT WOS:A1994BB80Q00017 ER PT J AU GLENN, BP AF GLENN, BP GP CORNELL UNIV TI GRASSES AND LEGUMES FOR GROWTH AND LACTATION SO 1994 CORNELL NUTRITION CONFERENCE FOR FEED MANUFACTURERS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers CY OCT 18-20, 1994 CL ROCHESTER, NY SP NY STATE COLL AGR & LIFE SCI, DEPT ANIMAL SCI, DIV NUTR SCI C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CORNELL UNIV DEPT ANIMAL SCIENCE PI ITHACA PA 272 MORRISON HALL, ITHACA, NY 14853-4801 PY 1994 BP 1 EP 18 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BC07D UT WOS:A1994BC07D00001 ER PT J AU SATTER, LD DHIMAN, TR HSU, JT AF SATTER, LD DHIMAN, TR HSU, JT GP CORNELL UNIV TI USE OF HEAT PROCESSED SOYBEANS IN DAIRY RATIONS SO 1994 CORNELL NUTRITION CONFERENCE FOR FEED MANUFACTURERS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers CY OCT 18-20, 1994 CL ROCHESTER, NY SP NY STATE COLL AGR & LIFE SCI, DEPT ANIMAL SCI, DIV NUTR SCI C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CORNELL UNIV DEPT ANIMAL SCIENCE PI ITHACA PA 272 MORRISON HALL, ITHACA, NY 14853-4801 PY 1994 BP 19 EP 28 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BC07D UT WOS:A1994BC07D00002 ER PT B AU MINOR, JL SMITH, MA AF MINOR, JL SMITH, MA GP CPPA CPPA CPPA TI FORMATION AND DESTRUCTION OF CHROMOPHORES IN KRAFT PULPING AND BLEACHING SO 1994 INTERNATIONAL PULP BLEACHING CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 International Pulp Bleaching Conference CY JUN 13-16, 1994 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP CPPA, TECHN SECT, TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND, SVENSKA PAPERS, COMITE EUROPEEN LIAISON CELLULOS & PAPIER RP MINOR, JL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, FOREST PROD LAB, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN PULP & PAPER ASSOC TECHNICAL SECTION PI MONTREAL PA SUN LIFE BLDG, 23RD FLOOR, 1155 METCALFE ST, MONTREAL, PQ H3B 2X9, CANADA BN 1-895288-64-9 PY 1994 BP 193 EP 197 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BB35Q UT WOS:A1994BB35Q00037 ER PT S AU SPRINGER, EL AF SPRINGER, EL GP TAPPI TI EFFECT OF DEFIBRATION PRIOR TO PEROXYMONOSULFATE PULPING AND TRANSITION METAL CONTENT OF FIBERIZED WOOD ON PULP STRENGTH SO 1994 PULPING CONFERENCE, BOOKS 1-3 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Pulping Conference CY NOV 06-10, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-913-1 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1994 BP 543 EP 551 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA BB84Z UT WOS:A1994BB84Z00061 ER PT S AU DAVILA, A SCOTT, GM KLUNGNESS, JH DOSHI, M AF DAVILA, A SCOTT, GM KLUNGNESS, JH DOSHI, M GP TAPPI TI QUANTIFICATION OF PLASTIC IN PULP SLURRIES SO 1994 PULPING CONFERENCE, BOOKS 1-3 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Pulping Conference CY NOV 06-10, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND DE PLASTIC; PULP; SLURRY; CONTAMINATE; RECYCLING; QUANTIFICATION C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-913-1 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1994 BP 655 EP 657 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA BB84Z UT WOS:A1994BB84Z00072 ER PT S AU RUTLEDGECROPSEY, K JEFFRIES, T KLUNGNESS, JH SYKES, M AF RUTLEDGECROPSEY, K JEFFRIES, T KLUNGNESS, JH SYKES, M GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI PRELIMINARY-RESULTS OF EFFECT OF SIZINGS ON ENZYME-ENHANCED DEINKING SO 1994 RECYCLING SYMPOSIUM SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Recycling Symposium CY MAY 15-18, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-905-0 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1994 BP 103 EP 105 PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BA49R UT WOS:A1994BA49R00011 ER PT S AU ENGLISH, B SCHNEIDER, JP AF ENGLISH, B SCHNEIDER, JP GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI PAPER FIBER LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE COMPOSITES FROM RECYCLED PAPER-MILL WASTE - PRELIMINARY-RESULTS SO 1994 RECYCLING SYMPOSIUM SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Recycling Symposium CY MAY 15-18, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND DE FIBER; POLYETHYLENE; COMPOSITES C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-905-0 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1994 BP 119 EP 125 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BA49R UT WOS:A1994BA49R00013 ER PT S AU SCOTT, GM ABUBAKR, S AF SCOTT, GM ABUBAKR, S GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI EVALUATION OF LONG SOAKING TIMES FOR REHYDRATION OF RECYCLED FIBERS SO 1994 RECYCLING SYMPOSIUM SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Recycling Symposium CY MAY 15-18, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,FIBER PROC & PROD GRP,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-905-0 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1994 BP 127 EP 130 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BA49R UT WOS:A1994BA49R00014 ER PT S AU WEGNER, TH LAUFENBERG, TL AF WEGNER, TH LAUFENBERG, TL GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI EXPANDING RESEARCH HORIZONS - USDA-FOREST-SERVICE INITIATIVE FOR RECYCLED PAPER TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT SO 1994 RECYCLING SYMPOSIUM SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Recycling Symposium CY MAY 15-18, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND DE RECYCLING; PAPER; FIBER; DEINKING; BLEACHING C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-905-0 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1994 BP 225 EP 228 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BA49R UT WOS:A1994BA49R00025 ER PT S AU KLUNGNESS, J CAULFIELD, D SACHS, I TAN, F SYKES, M SHILTS, R AF KLUNGNESS, J CAULFIELD, D SACHS, I TAN, F SYKES, M SHILTS, R GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI FIBER-LOADING - A PROGRESS REPORT SO 1994 RECYCLING SYMPOSIUM SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Recycling Symposium CY MAY 15-18, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND DE CALCIUM CARBONATE; FILLERS; PAPER PROPERTIES; PAPERMAKING; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; STRENGTH PROPERTIES C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-905-0 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1994 BP 283 EP 290 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BA49R UT WOS:A1994BA49R00032 ER PT S AU ABUBAKR, S SCOTT, G KLUNGNESS, J AF ABUBAKR, S SCOTT, G KLUNGNESS, J GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI FIBER FRACTIONATION AS A METHOD OF IMPROVING HANDSHEET PROPERTIES AFTER REPEATED RECYCLING SO 1994 RECYCLING SYMPOSIUM SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Recycling Symposium CY MAY 15-18, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND DE FRACTIONATION; RECYCLING; STRENGTH; FIBER LENGTH C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-905-0 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1994 BP 309 EP 312 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BA49R UT WOS:A1994BA49R00035 ER PT S AU ABUBAKR, S CESAR, M WOODWARD, T CARR, WF SCOTT, GM DUGAL, HS ATALLA, R AF ABUBAKR, S CESAR, M WOODWARD, T CARR, WF SCOTT, GM DUGAL, HS ATALLA, R GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI PANEL DISCUSSION - BARRIERS TO PAPER RECYCLING SO 1994 RECYCLING SYMPOSIUM SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Recycling Symposium CY MAY 15-18, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-905-0 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1994 BP 517 EP 520 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BA49R UT WOS:A1994BA49R00058 ER PT J AU MCCORCLE, MD PECKHAM, SE HEILMAN, WE AF MCCORCLE, MD PECKHAM, SE HEILMAN, WE GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI ASSESSING THE REGIONAL COMPONENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY/11TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology/11th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY MAR 07-11, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AMER METEOROL SOC C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPTL STN,E LANSING,MI. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1994 BP 247 EP 250 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC95G UT WOS:A1994BC95G00072 ER PT J AU FERNANDEZ, GP AF FERNANDEZ, GP GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI A BILINEAR MODEL FOR DAILY TEMPERATURE SERIES SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY/11TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology/11th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY MAR 07-11, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AMER METEOROL SOC C1 USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,DURANT,OK 74702. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1994 BP 251 EP 252 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC95G UT WOS:A1994BC95G00073 ER PT J AU MASSMAN, WJ AF MASSMAN, WJ GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI ESTIMATING CANOPY CONDUCTANCE TO OZONE UPTAKE FROM CANOPY SCALE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OBSERVATIONS OR BY SCALING UP LEAF STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE MEASUREMENTS - DOES EITHER METHOD WORK SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY/11TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology/11th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY MAR 07-11, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AMER METEOROL SOC C1 ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1994 BP 261 EP 262 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC95G UT WOS:A1994BC95G00077 ER PT J AU HATFIELD, JL PRUEGER, JH AF HATFIELD, JL PRUEGER, JH GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI WATER USE COMPARISONS OF DIFFERENT FARMING PRACTICES SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY/11TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology/11th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY MAR 07-11, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AMER METEOROL SOC C1 USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1994 BP 332 EP 333 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC95G UT WOS:A1994BC95G00099 ER PT B AU SIMPSON, JR LEVITT, DG GRIMMOND, CSB MCPHERSON, EG ROWNTREE, RA AF SIMPSON, JR LEVITT, DG GRIMMOND, CSB MCPHERSON, EG ROWNTREE, RA GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI EFFECTS OF VEGETATIVE COVER ON CLIMATE, LOCAL SCALE EVAPORATION AND AIR CONDITIONING ENERGY USE IN URBAN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY/11TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology/11th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY MAR 07-11, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AMER METEOROL SOC C1 US FOREST SERV,DAVIS,CA. RI Grimmond, Sue/A-2179-2009 OI Grimmond, Sue/0000-0002-3166-9415 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1994 BP 345 EP 348 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC95G UT WOS:A1994BC95G00103 ER PT B AU LEVITT, DG SIMPSON, JR GRIMMOND, CS MCPHERSON, EG ROWNTREE, R AF LEVITT, DG SIMPSON, JR GRIMMOND, CS MCPHERSON, EG ROWNTREE, R GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI NEIGHBORHOOD-SCALE TEMPERATURE VARIATION RELATED TO CANOPY COVER DIFFERENCES IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY/11TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology/11th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY MAR 07-11, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AMER METEOROL SOC C1 US FOREST SERV,DAVIS,CA. RI Grimmond, Sue/A-2179-2009 OI Grimmond, Sue/0000-0002-3166-9415 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1994 BP 349 EP 352 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC95G UT WOS:A1994BC95G00104 ER PT J AU RAULSTON, JR LINGREN, PD AF RAULSTON, JR LINGREN, PD GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI ECOLOGICAL PREMISES OF LONG-DISTANCE TRANSLATION OF AIRBORNE BIOTA SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY/11TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology/11th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY MAR 07-11, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AMER METEOROL SOC C1 USDA ARS,CROP INSECTS RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1994 BP 403 EP 406 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC95G UT WOS:A1994BC95G00120 ER PT J AU BEERWINKLE, KR LOPEZ, JD SCHLEIDER, PG LINGREN, PD AF BEERWINKLE, KR LOPEZ, JD SCHLEIDER, PG LINGREN, PD GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI ANNUAL PATTERNS OF AERIAL INSECT DENSITIES AT ALTITUDES SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY/11TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology/11th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY MAR 07-11, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AMER METEOROL SOC C1 USDA ARS,CROP INSECT PESTS MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,SPA,SCRL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1994 BP 415 EP 418 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC95G UT WOS:A1994BC95G00123 ER PT B AU WESTBROOK, JK WOLF, WW LINGREN, PD RAULSTON, JR AF WESTBROOK, JK WOLF, WW LINGREN, PD RAULSTON, JR GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI FLIGHT SPEED AND HEADING OF MIGRATING CORN EARWORM MOTHS RELATIVE TO DRIFTING TETROONS SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY/11TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology/11th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY MAR 07-11, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AMER METEOROL SOC C1 USDA ARS,CROP INSECT PESTS MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1994 BP 423 EP 426 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC95G UT WOS:A1994BC95G00125 ER PT J AU FERNANDEZ, GP GARBRECHT, J AF FERNANDEZ, GP GARBRECHT, J GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI RAINFALL FLUCTUATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE RUNOFF OF THE LITTLE-WASHITA RIVER WATERSHED SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY/11TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology/11th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY MAR 07-11, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AMER METEOROL SOC C1 USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,DURANT,OK 74702. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1994 BP J11 EP J14 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC95G UT WOS:A1994BC95G00140 ER PT J AU HUMES, KS KUSTAS, WP RITCHIE, JC MENENTI, M HIPPS, LE AF HUMES, KS KUSTAS, WP RITCHIE, JC MENENTI, M HIPPS, LE GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI ESTIMATION OF SPATIALLY DISTRIBUTED ENERGY FLUXES WITH REMOTELY SENSED DATA OVER A SEMI-ARID WATERSHED SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY/11TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology/11th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY MAR 07-11, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AMER METEOROL SOC C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1994 BP J43 EP J46 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC95G UT WOS:A1994BC95G00149 ER PT J AU NELSON, SO FORBUS, WR LAWRENCE, KC AF NELSON, SO FORBUS, WR LAWRENCE, KC GP INT MICROWAVE POWER INST TI 0.2-GHZ TO 20-GHZ PERMITTIVITIES OF FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES SO 29TH MICROWAVE POWER SYMPOSIUM - PROCEEDINGS: A FORUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC TECHNOLOGY & APPLICATIONS FROM AROUND THE WORLD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Microwave Power Symposium CY JUL 25-27, 1994 CL CHICAGO, IL SP INT MICROWAVE POWER INST C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MICROWAVE POWER INST PI MANASSAS PA 10210 LEATHERLEAF COURT, MANASSAS, VA 22111 PY 1994 BP 176 EP 179 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BB84X UT WOS:A1994BB84X00051 ER PT J AU HAUSMAN, GJ WATSON, R AF HAUSMAN, GJ WATSON, R TI REGULATION OF FETAL MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT BY THYROXINE SO ACTA ANATOMICA LA English DT Article DE DEVELOPMENT; FETUS; MUSCLE; HYPOPHYSECTOMY; THYROXINE ID HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED PIG FETUSES; THYROID-HORMONE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; GROWTH-FACTOR; RAT; DIFFERENTIATION; THERMOGENESIS; LIPOGENESIS; TRANSPORT AB We have demonstrated chat fetal hypophysectomy (hyper) induces deficiencies in skin and adipose tissue development and that chronic thyroxine (T-4) treatment either normalizes or enhances skin and adipose tissue development in hyper fetuses. Since hyper also induces deficiencies in muscle development we report herein results of a histochemical and biochemical analysis of muscle development conducted in studies of T-4-treated hyper fetuses. Pig fetuses were hypophysectomized on day 70 of gestation and treated with T-4 during two periods, i.e. 70-90 days and 90-105 days gestational age, by implanting slow-release T-4 (15 mg) pellets in the lateral musculature of the hind limb. Blood, muscle and other tissue samples were obtained upon removal of fetuses at days 90 and 105 of gestation. Weights of hyper, control and T-4-treated hyper fetuses were similar at the end of the early period (70-90 days) whereas T-4 significantly depressed body weight (p < 0.05) during the later period (90-105 days). Muscle weights, protein, DNA and RNA concentrations and muscle fiber size were not influenced by hyper or T-4 treatment. Hyper-induced deficiencies in muscle capillary-to-fiber ratios, percentage of dry matter and general morphology were normalized by T-4 (p < 0.05) during both treatment periods. Lipid deposition (staining) and histochemical reactivity for an oxidative marker (NADH-TR) were enhanced (p<0.05) by T-4 during both treatment periods as revealed by computer-assisted image analysis. Histochemistry for myofibrillar (acid) ATPase showed that the hyper-impaired type II to type I fiber type conversion was not influenced by T-4 treatment. Muscle developmental traits enhanced or normalized by T-4 were directly or indirectly related to lipid and/or oxidative metabolism. Effects of T-4 on muscle and other tissues indicate, therefore, that thyroid hormones may be key regulators of oxidative and/or lipid metabolism in the neonatal animal. RP HAUSMAN, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0001-5180 J9 ACTA ANAT JI Acta Anat. PY 1994 VL 149 IS 1 BP 21 EP 30 PG 10 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA NA463 UT WOS:A1994NA46300003 PM 8184655 ER PT J AU NORRBOM, AL PAPP, L AF NORRBOM, AL PAPP, L TI ADDITIONAL NEW SPECIES AND ANALYSIS OF PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS OF ACHAETOTHORAX-HEDICKE (DIPTERA, SPHAEROCERIDAE) SO ACTA ZOOLOGICA HUNGARICA LA English DT Article DE ACHAETOTHORAX; SPHAEROCERIDAE; PHYLOGENY; CLADISTIC ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION KEY AB Seven Afrotropical species of Achaetothorax HEDICKE are described: completus (Zaire, Kenya), concavus (Zaire, Uganda), coninckae (Zaire), grootaerti (Zaire, Uganda), medialis (Zaire), pectinatus (Zaire), and whittingtoni (South Africa). Additional distribution data are provided for A. acrostichalis PAPP & NORRBOM, crypticus PAPP & NORRBOM, and rhinocerotis (RICHARDS), and A. straeleninus (RICHARDS) is redescribed. A key to the 16 known species of Achaetothorax is provided, and their phylogenetic relationships are analyzed. With 33 original figures. RP NORRBOM, AL (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0236-7130 J9 ACTA ZOOL HUNG JI Acta Zool. Hung. PY 1994 VL 40 IS 1 BP 65 EP 86 PG 22 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA NA535 UT WOS:A1994NA53500006 ER PT J AU WHITE, DL AF WHITE, DL GP R & D ASSOC MILITARY FOOD & PACKAGING SYST TI FOOD SAFETY - A COMPREHENSIVE VIEW SO ACTIVITIES REPORT AND MINUTES OF WORK GROUPS & SUB-WORK GROUPS OF THE R & D ASSOCIATES: ACTIVITIES REPORT OF THE R & D ASSOCIATION SE ACTIVITIES REPORT OF THE R&D ASSOCIATES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Fall Meeting of R and D Associates - Food Safety: A Comprehensive View CY OCT 05-07, 1993 CL BOSTON, MA SP R & D ASSOC MILITARY FOOD & PACKING SYST C1 USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT ASSOC MILITARY FOOD PACKAGING SYSTEM PI SAN ANTONIO PA 16607 BLANCO RD, SUITE 305, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78232 SN 0198-0181 J9 ACT REP R&D PY 1994 VL 46 IS 1 BP 8 EP 131 PG 124 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BB01G UT WOS:A1994BB01G00002 ER PT J AU KARLEN, DL VARVEL, GE BULLOCK, DG CRUSE, RM AF KARLEN, DL VARVEL, GE BULLOCK, DG CRUSE, RM TI CROP ROTATIONS FOR THE 21ST-CENTURY SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 53 SE ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY LA English DT Review ID LONG-TERM TILLAGE; ALTERNATIVE FARMING SYSTEMS; WEED MANAGEMENT; CORN GROWTH; NITROGEN CONTRIBUTION; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; GRAIN-SORGHUM; BULK-DENSITY; ROOT-GROWTH C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,SOIL WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. RP KARLEN, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 199 TC 212 Z9 220 U1 7 U2 88 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0065-2113 J9 ADV AGRON PY 1994 VL 53 BP 1 EP 45 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60611-2 PG 45 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BB82J UT WOS:A1994BB82J00001 ER PT B AU PARROTTA, JA BAKER, DD FRIED, M AF PARROTTA, JA BAKER, DD FRIED, M BE Sprent, JI McKey, D TI ESTIMATION OF NITROGEN FIXATION IN LEUCAENA-LEUCOCEPHALA USING N-15-ENRICHMENT METHODOLOGIES SO ADVANCES IN LEGUME SYSTEMATICS, PT 5: THE NITROGEN FACTOR SE ADVANCES IN LEGUME SYSTEMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Legume Conference CY JUL, 1992 CL ROYAL BOT GARDENS, RICHMOND, ENGLAND HO ROYAL BOT GARDENS C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,INST TROP FORESTRY,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS PI RICHMOND PA KEW, RICHMOND, SURREY, ENGLAND TW9 3AE BN 0-947643-77-X J9 ADV LEGUM SYSTEMAT PY 1994 BP 75 EP 82 PN 5 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BD13K UT WOS:A1994BD13K00008 ER PT B AU KIRKBRIDE, JH GUNN, CR RITCHIE, CA AF KIRKBRIDE, JH GUNN, CR RITCHIE, CA BE Fergson, IK Tucker, SC TI SEED AND FRUIT PHYLOGENIES OF CAESALPINIOIDEAE AND MIMOSOIDEAE (FABACEAE) AND THEIR TRIBES SO ADVANCES IN LEGUME SYSTEMATICS, PT 6: STRUCTURAL BOTANY SE ADVANCES IN LEGUME SYSTEMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Legume Conference CY JUL, 1992 CL ROYAL BOT GARDENS, RICHMOND, ENGLAND HO ROYAL BOT GARDENS C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS PI RICHMOND PA KEW, RICHMOND, SURREY, ENGLAND TW9 3AE BN 0-947643-78-8 J9 ADV LEGUM SYSTEMAT PY 1994 BP 117 EP 140 PN 6 PG 24 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BD13X UT WOS:A1994BD13X00007 ER PT B AU BANGERA, MG WELLER, DM THOMASHOW, LS AF BANGERA, MG WELLER, DM THOMASHOW, LS BE Daniels, MJ Downie, JA Osbourn, AE TI Genetic analysis of the 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol biosynthetic locus from Pseudomonas fluorescens Q2-87 SO ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR GENETICS OF PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS, VOL 3 SE CURRENT PLANT SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions CY JUN, 1994 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP AgrEvo Ltd, Barclays Bank PLC, Brit Mycol Soc, Brit Soc Plant Pathol, Ciba Geigy Corp, City Edinburgh, Edinburgh Mkt, Gatsby Charitable Fdn, John Innes Fdn, Lothian & Edinburgh Enterprises Ltd, Monsanto Co, Pioneer Hi Bred Int, Plant Breeding Int, Sainsbury Lab, Univ Edinburgh RP WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-3207-5 J9 CURR PLANT SCI BIOT PY 1994 VL 21 BP 383 EP 386 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BD49V UT WOS:A1994BD49V00057 ER PT S AU KAPLAN, DT AF KAPLAN, DT BE Lamberti, F DeGiorgi, C Bird, DM TI MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE BURROWING NEMATODE SIBLING SPECIES, RADOPHOLUS-CITROPHILUS AND R-SIMILIS SO ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR PLANT NEMATOLOGY SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES A, LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Molecular Plant Nematology CY NOV 20-27, 1993 CL MARTINA FRANCA, ITALY SP NATO, SCI AFFAIRS DIV C1 USDA ARS,US HORT RES LAB,SUBTROP PLANT PATHOL RES UNIT,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 2 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0258-1213 BN 0-306-44822-X J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1994 VL 268 BP 77 EP 83 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Parasitology GA BB96V UT WOS:A1994BB96V00006 ER PT B AU BROWN, CR MOJTAHEDI, H SANTO, GS AUSTINPHILLIPS, S AF BROWN, CR MOJTAHEDI, H SANTO, GS AUSTINPHILLIPS, S BE Zehnder, GW Powelson, ML Jansson, RK Raman, KV TI ENHANCING RESISTANCE TO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES DERIVED FROM WILD SOLANUM SPECIES IN POTATO GERMPLASM SO ADVANCES IN POTATO PEST: BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Potato Pest Management CY OCT 12-17, 1991 CL JACKSON HOLE, WY SP INT POTATO CTR, UNIV FLORIDA, IFAS, POTATO ASSOC AMER, VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV, S FLORIDA POTATO GROWERS EXCHANGE, IDAHO POTATO COMMISS, ENTOTECH INC, A NOVO DORDISK CO, RHONE POULENC AG CO, MERCK SHARP & DOHME, UNITED AGRI PROD CO, ATOCHEM N AMER, SANDOZ CROP PROTECT, AG CHEM INC, CIBA GEIGY CORP, BASF CORP, ECOGEN INC, CARNATION CO, DOW ELANCO, GOWAN CO, MYCOGEN CORP, MOBAY CORP, NOR AM CHEM CO, ROHM & HAAS CO, ORE IDA FOODS INC RP BROWN, CR (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS CTR,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 0 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 BN 0-89054-164-7 PY 1994 BP 426 EP 438 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Entomology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BA80Z UT WOS:A1994BA80Z00031 ER PT B AU HELGESON, JP AF HELGESON, JP BE Zehnder, GW Powelson, ML Jansson, RK Raman, KV TI APPLICATION OF PROTOPLAST FUSION TECHNOLOGY TO POTATO DISEASE MANAGEMENT SO ADVANCES IN POTATO PEST: BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Potato Pest Management CY OCT 12-17, 1991 CL JACKSON HOLE, WY SP INT POTATO CTR, UNIV FLORIDA, IFAS, POTATO ASSOC AMER, VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV, S FLORIDA POTATO GROWERS EXCHANGE, IDAHO POTATO COMMISS, ENTOTECH INC, A NOVO DORDISK CO, RHONE POULENC AG CO, MERCK SHARP & DOHME, UNITED AGRI PROD CO, ATOCHEM N AMER, SANDOZ CROP PROTECT, AG CHEM INC, CIBA GEIGY CORP, BASF CORP, ECOGEN INC, CARNATION CO, DOW ELANCO, GOWAN CO, MYCOGEN CORP, MOBAY CORP, NOR AM CHEM CO, ROHM & HAAS CO, ORE IDA FOODS INC RP HELGESON, JP (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,PLANT DIS RESISTANCE RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 BN 0-89054-164-7 PY 1994 BP 556 EP 564 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BA80Z UT WOS:A1994BA80Z00040 ER PT J AU MASSMAN, WJ HAM, JM AF MASSMAN, WJ HAM, JM TI AN EVALUATION OF A SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE METHOD FOR PARTITIONING ET DATA INTO PLANT AND SOIL COMPONENTS FOR A SURFACE WITH PARTIAL CANOPY COVER SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EVAPORATION; RESISTANCES; TRANSPORT; LAYER; CROP AB An objective, data-based method for partitioning evapotranspiration (ET) measurements into soil and plant components is tested at a cotton site against independently derived estimates of transpiration. This objective method requires standard meteorological/surface energy balance measurements and relies on a two-component (plant and soil) model for ET. Assuming that the soil surface humidity (or, alternatively, the soil evaporative resistance) and the soil Bowen ratio do not change much during any given day, their daily values are determined by a regression procedure which exploits the diurnal change in the meteorological data. Once the soil Bowen ratio is-determined, the available energy and ET data are partitioned into soil and plant components. Comparisons between the regression derived estimates of transpiration and transpiration estimates derived from sap flow gauges are made. An evaluation of the errors inherent in both estimates of transpiration is discussed. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,EVAPOTRANSPIRAT LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP MASSMAN, WJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 67 IS 3-4 BP 253 EP 267 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90006-X PG 15 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MR615 UT WOS:A1994MR61500006 ER PT J AU DOUGHERTY, RL BRADFORD, JA COYNE, PI SIMS, PL AF DOUGHERTY, RL BRADFORD, JA COYNE, PI SIMS, PL TI APPLYING AN EMPIRICAL-MODEL OF STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE TO 3 C-4 GRASSES SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GAS-EXCHANGE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; HUMIDITY; ASSIMILATION; RESPONSES; CLOSURE; AIR AB An empirical equation for stomatal conductance has been developed. The equation is based on a linear index, which was modified to represent nonlinear independent effects of CO2 flux and water vapor pressure deficit. The equation was applied to data from caucasian bluestem (Bothriochloa caucasia (Trin.) C.E. Hubb.) and two accessions of Eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.), measuring responses of leaves of the three grasses to wide ranges of environmental conditions. The equation accurately predicts stomatal conductance in these C-4 grasses, but requires measured photosynthesis as an input variable. Dependence on only environmental inputs was achieved by including the equation as the conductance submodel in a complete leaf gas exchange model, along with a photosynthesis submodel derived from a biochemically based model. This simplified submodel also describes the data well, as does the integrated model. Comparisons of model results and derived parameter values indicate important differences among gas exchange properties of the three grasses. Implementation details of the model are discussed, along with approaches for adapting it for simulating interleaf variability, water stress effects, and patchy stomatal function. C1 KANSAS AGR EXPT STN,HAYS,KS 67601. RP DOUGHERTY, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,2000 18TH ST,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 67 IS 3-4 BP 269 EP 290 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90007-8 PG 22 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MR615 UT WOS:A1994MR61500007 ER PT B AU COOK, RJ AF COOK, RJ BE MacDonald, JF TI BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR THE PUBLIC GOOD SO AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY & THE PUBLIC GOOD SE NABC REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Meeting of the National-Agricultural-Biotechnology-Council on Agricultural Biotechnology and the Public Good CY MAY 23-24, 1994 CL MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, E LANSING, MI SP NATL AGR BIOTECHNOL COUNCIL HO MICHIGAN STATE UNIV C1 USDA,CSRS,NATL RES INITIAT COMPETIT GRANTS PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY COUNCIL PI ITHACA PA 159 BIOTECHNOLOGY BLDG CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, NY 14853-2703 BN 0-9630907-5-5 J9 NABC REP PY 1994 VL 6 BP 59 EP 71 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BC73N UT WOS:A1994BC73N00005 ER PT B AU TRAYNOR, P THORBURN, TL AF TRAYNOR, P THORBURN, TL BE MacDonald, JF TI WORKSHOP REPORT SO AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY & THE PUBLIC GOOD SE NABC REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Meeting of the National-Agricultural-Biotechnology-Council on Agricultural Biotechnology and the Public Good CY MAY 23-24, 1994 CL MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, E LANSING, MI SP NATL AGR BIOTECHNOL COUNCIL HO MICHIGAN STATE UNIV C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,USDA,NATL BIOL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROGRAM,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY COUNCIL PI ITHACA PA 159 BIOTECHNOLOGY BLDG CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, NY 14853-2703 BN 0-9630907-5-5 J9 NABC REP PY 1994 VL 6 BP 157 EP 161 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BC73N UT WOS:A1994BC73N00016 ER PT J AU ARNADE, CA AF ARNADE, CA TI TESTING 2 TRADE MODELS IN LATIN-AMERICAN AGRICULTURE SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB The Heckscher-Ohlin and Markusen models state that countries export the goods intensive in the use of their relatively abundant factor. Latin American agricultural trade is consistent with both models. The paper then shows that Latin American agricultural trade is primarily explained by country differences in relative factor abundance between countries rather than differences in technology. This finding does not reject the Heckscher-Ohlin model but rejects one of Markusen's models. RP ARNADE, CA (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,AGGREGATE INDICATORS BRANCH,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,ROOM 830,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON JI Agric. Econ. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 10 IS 1 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1016/0169-5150(94)90039-6 PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA MW833 UT WOS:A1994MW83300005 ER PT J AU FISHER, DS BAUMONT, R AF FISHER, DS BAUMONT, R TI MODELING THE RATE AND QUANTITY OF FORAGE INTAKE BY RUMINANTS DURING MEALS SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID FOOD-INTAKE; SHEEP AB The daily forage intake of ruminants is made up of a series of meals. These meals are especially pronounced in animals fed in stalls and coincide with the distribution of food A relatively simple model of ruminant digestion was developed and used to test equations designed to predict rate of forage intake during meals. An equation that had been published previously as a means of controlling daily dry matter intake was combined with a Michaelis equation to control intake rate as the integrated hunger signal from chemostatic and distension feedbacks varied The termination of the meal was based on experimental observation and the status of the model was examined for indications of the satiety mechanism at the end of the meal. The predicted level of hunger at the end of the meal varied. It is proposed that the end of the meal is triggered by an integrated hunger and palatability signal and two simple products are suggested by the data; however, the problem is likely to require a more complex function. C1 INRA,CRZV,UNITE INGEST,RECH NUTR HERBIVORES STN,F-63122 CEYRAT,FRANCE. RP FISHER, DS (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PY 1994 VL 45 IS 1 BP 43 EP 53 DI 10.1016/S0308-521X(94)90279-8 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA NB152 UT WOS:A1994NB15200003 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, JS SHARPLEY, AN SMITH, SJ AF ROBINSON, JS SHARPLEY, AN SMITH, SJ TI DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD TO DETERMINE BIOAVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS LOSS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID IMPREGNATED FILTER-PAPER; PI SOIL TEST; ALGAL-AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; LAKE WATER; EXTRACTION; SEDIMENT AB The loss of bioavailable P (BAP) in agricultural runoff can accelerate the eutrophication of receiving water bodies. Although several algal assays and chemical extractions have been proposed to estimate BAP, procedural and theoretical limitations have restricted their widespread use. This study evaluates the use of iron-oxide impregnated paper strips (Fe-oxide strips) to estimate the BAP content of runoff from 20 agricultural watersheds in the Southern Plains during 1988-1990. In the proposed method, BAP is determined by shaking 50 ml of unfiltered runoff with one Fe-oxide strip for 16 h. Phosphorus is removed from the strip by 0.1 M H2SO4 and measured. The BAP content of runoff sediment was related (r2=0.92-0.95) to the growth of P-starved algae incubated for 29 days with runoff as the sole source of P. Acting as a P sink, the strips have a stronger theoretical basis than chemical extraction in estimating BAP in agricultural runoff. RP ROBINSON, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 47 IS 4 BP 287 EP 297 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(94)90095-7 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MR283 UT WOS:A1994MR28300002 ER PT B AU RUTTAN, VW AF RUTTAN, VW BE Ruttan, VW TI SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL GROWTH SO AGRICULTURE, ENVIRONMENT, AND HEALTH: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Agriculture, Environment, and Health CY OCT 14-18, 1991 CL ROCKEFELLER FDN CONF & STUDY CTR, BELLAGIO, ITALY SP ROCKEFELLER FDN, UNIV MINNESOTA AGR EXPT STN, CTR FOOD & AGR POLICY HO ROCKEFELLER FDN CONF & STUDY CTR C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES TEAM,PROSSER,WA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV MINNESOTA PRESS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA MILL PLACE, SUITE 290 111 THIRD AVE S, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55401-2520 BN 0-8166-2291-4 PY 1994 BP 3 EP 20 PG 18 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BA26W UT WOS:A1994BA26W00001 ER PT B AU RAWLINS, SL AF RAWLINS, SL BE Ruttan, VW TI INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY TO MONITOR THE SOURCES AND EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE SO AGRICULTURE, ENVIRONMENT, AND HEALTH: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Agriculture, Environment, and Health CY OCT 14-18, 1991 CL ROCKEFELLER FDN CONF & STUDY CTR, BELLAGIO, ITALY SP ROCKEFELLER FDN, UNIV MINNESOTA AGR EXPT STN, CTR FOOD & AGR POLICY HO ROCKEFELLER FDN CONF & STUDY CTR C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES TEAM,PROSSER,WA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV MINNESOTA PRESS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA MILL PLACE, SUITE 290 111 THIRD AVE S, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55401-2520 BN 0-8166-2291-4 PY 1994 BP 261 EP 283 PG 23 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BA26W UT WOS:A1994BA26W00010 ER PT J AU KRAFT, JM AF KRAFT, JM TI FUSARIUM-WILT OF PEAS (A REVIEW) SO AGRONOMIE LA English DT Review AB Pea wilt was first described in 1925 and the pathogen identified as Fusarium oxysporum f sp pisi race 1 in 1929. Three additional races have been described and characterized as races 2, 5 and 6. Resistance to all 4 races is governed by separate, single dominant genes in the host. Current classification of pathogen races is based on host response using differential cultivars and defined, reproducible, inoculation procedures. Recent molecular techniques, using RFLPs and RAPDs, have detailed the genetic similarities and differences among races of this pathogen. Vegetative compatibility groupings of pathogen isolates have also characterized pathogen isolates based on fungal genetics lather than host-pathogen interactions. This paper also describes the host-parasite interactions and briefly discusses what little is known about seed transmission of the pea wilt pathogen. RP KRAFT, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,RR2 BOX 2953A,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 8 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0249-5627 J9 AGRONOMIE JI Agronomie PY 1994 VL 14 IS 9 BP 561 EP 567 DI 10.1051/agro:19940901 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA QL868 UT WOS:A1994QL86800001 ER PT J AU SADLER, EJ KARLEN, DL AF SADLER, EJ KARLEN, DL TI HIGHER-ORDER ANALYSIS OF NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION DATA SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RATES; CORN AB Biomass and nutrient accumulation data have often been obtained to determine rates of nutrient uptake. Traditionally calculated as the difference in accumulation divided by elapsed time, rate values thus obtained are slopes of linear interpolations between points on the accumulation curve. That implies an assumption of constant uptake rate during the observation period. Our objective was to illustrate a higher-order interpolant that is not subject to such assumptions. With it, one obtains smooth curves consistent with the assumption that daily uptake rates are somewhat related. The abrupt changes in rates determined with linear interpolation are consistent with daily rates that are unrelated. Analyses of historical and recent data showed that additional information may be obtained from higher-order analysis methods. Cubic interpolation methods were applied to the accumulation curve to obtain continuous, smooth nutrient uptake curves. The programs used are described, and two sample data sets of corn (Zea mays L.) growth and N accumulation illustrate the strengths, weaknesses, and inherent assumptions of this analytical technique. In general, this technique can be used if the objective is to analyze intraseasonal variation in growth or uptake rates determined from sparse data. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP SADLER, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES CTR,POB 3039,FLORENCE,SC 29502, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 86 IS 1 BP 26 EP 31 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MZ166 UT WOS:A1994MZ16600008 ER PT J AU BELESKY, DP FEDDERS, JM AF BELESKY, DP FEDDERS, JM TI DEFOLIATION EFFECTS ON SEASONAL PRODUCTION AND GROWTH-RATE OF COOL-SEASON GRASSES SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PATTERNS; ORCHARDGRASS; MANAGEMENTS; FREQUENCY; NITROGEN; MODEL AB Knowledge of seasonal distribution of herbage growth is essential for design of pasture management schemes that optimize season-long herbage productivity and nutrients for grazing livestock. Current knowledge of cool-season grass growth is derived largely from either hay production or high-input systems. A 3-yr field study was conducted to determine the productivity and growth rates of cool-season grasses defoliated according to sward height criteria in a marginal-soil environment. Defoliation regimes included hay harvest, lenient (50%) removal of short (10 cm) canopies, and both lenient and intensive (75%) removal of tall (20 cm) canopies. Species included orchard-grass (Dactylis glomerata L.), tall fescue x perennial ryegrass hybrid (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. x Lolium perenne L.), and prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth). Cumulative yield curves were fit to the Gompertz growth equation and growth rates were derived from the fitted data. All species had low yields relative to other defoliations and growth rates when managed for removal of 50% of canopy height regardless of height. Managing pastures on the premise of take half, leave half may not always contribute to plant persistence and sustained productivity. Frequent defoliation beginning in spring resulted in a greater portion of annual yield occurring in late than in early season, resulting in more stable distribution but less herbage within a season, compared with canopies managed as hay. High growth rates of prairie grass early in the study were followed by stand degradation, regardless of defoliation treatment, and may indicate unsuitability for use in low-input or marginal environments. Autumn recovery of herbage production did not occur under any defoliation regime. RP BELESKY, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 86 IS 1 BP 38 EP 45 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MZ166 UT WOS:A1994MZ16600010 ER PT J AU BUHLER, DD DOLL, JD PROOST, RT VISOCKY, MR AF BUHLER, DD DOLL, JD PROOST, RT VISOCKY, MR TI INTERROW CULTIVATION TO REDUCE HERBICIDE USE IN CORN FOLLOWING ALFALFA WITHOUT TILLAGE SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS; SYSTEMS AB Information on integrated weed management systems for conservation tillage systems is needed so that producers can minimize the environmental impacts of crop production without sacrificing profitability. Our objective was to evaluate reduced levels of reemergence herbicides in combination with interrow cultivation for weed control in corn (Zea mays L.) planted into an untilled, deteriorated alfalfa stand treated with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] the previous fall. Fall application of glyphosate controlled 97% of the perennial vegetation without additional treatment the following spring. Atrazine 16-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] at 1.1 kg a.i. ha-1 or cyanazine (2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)1, 3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile) at 2.2 kg a.i. ha-1 applied within 1 d after corn planting greatly reduced weed densities compared with no herbicide use, but did not control annual weeds as well as a standard treatment (atrazine at 2.2 kg ha-1 plus 2.8 kg a.i. ha-1 metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide]). In most cases, one or two interrow cultivations following atrazine or cyanazine increased control of annual weeds to > 90%, which was similar to the standard treatment. Corn grain yields were affected by varying environmental conditions during the three years of research, but in the two years without drought, integrating cultivation and reduced levels of herbicide resulted in corn yields equal to the standard herbicide treatment. This research indicates that integrating interrow cultivation with reduced levels of herbicide is a sound weed management option for corn planted into untilled, fall-controlled alfalfa stands infested with perennial weeds. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. RP BUHLER, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 86 IS 1 BP 66 EP 72 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MZ166 UT WOS:A1994MZ16600015 ER PT J AU STEINER, JL SCHOMBERG, HH DOUGLAS, CL BLACK, AL AF STEINER, JL SCHOMBERG, HH DOUGLAS, CL BLACK, AL TI STANDING STEM PERSISTENCE IN NO-TILLAGE SMALL-GRAIN FIELDS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WHEAT RESIDUE LOSS; WINTER-WHEAT AB Standing stem residues affect erosion, hydrology, and other processes differently than flat residues, but stem persistence under no-tillage management is not well understood. We developed an equation to predict standing stem number over time, based on precipitation and air temperature. Crops were field-grown winter and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and oat (Avena sativa L.) grown near Bushland, TX, on Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll). Fallow-period irrigation treatments produced three decomposition environments. Standing stems were counted in flagged quadrats 18, 98, 158, 223, 289, and 379 d after harvest. The daily minimum of precipitation-based moisture or mean air temperature coefficients was accumulated as decomposition days (DD). Standing stem fraction (SF) was predicted assuming SF = exp [k(DD - B)[. The threshold, B, was almost-equal-to 17.5 DD for all crops, and k was -0.284, -0.176, -0.169, and -0.116 for oat, barley, and winter and spring wheat, respectively. Equation evaluation used data from North Dakota, Oregon, and Texas. Stem number prediction tended to be high before the B threshold and low later. Paired t-tests indicated no significant difference between predicted and measured stem fraction of spring wheat or barley. Stem fraction was over-estimated by 0.09 for winter wheat averaged across Oregon and Texas data. Use of DDs improved prediction of standing stem persistence across diverse climates. Such information is needed for a wide range of erosion, water balance, and micrometeorological studies. A quantitative index for forces such as strong winds, animal traffic, or blowing precipitation may improve the model. C1 USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERV RES CTR,PENDLETON,OR 97801. USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,MANDAN,ND 58554. RP STEINER, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,POB DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 13 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 86 IS 1 BP 76 EP 81 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MZ166 UT WOS:A1994MZ16600017 ER PT J AU FRANCOIS, LE GRIEVE, CM MAAS, EV LESCH, SM AF FRANCOIS, LE GRIEVE, CM MAAS, EV LESCH, SM TI TIME OF SALT STRESS AFFECTS GROWTH AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF IRRIGATED WHEAT SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VEGETATIVE GROWTH; SPRING WHEAT; GRAIN-YIELD; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; WATER-STRESS; WINTER-WHEAT; SALINITY; QUALITY; SPIKE; SENSITIVITY AB Salt tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is known to change during different stages of growth. The effects of salinity on growth and yield components of wheat at different stages of growth were determined in a 2-yr field plot study at Brawley, CA. Four salinity levels were imposed on a Holtville silty clay [clayey over loamy, mont-morillonitic (calcareous), hyperthermic Typic Torrifluvent] by irrigating with waters salinized with NaCl and CaCl2 (1:1 w/w). Electrical conductivities of the irrigation waters were 1.4, 10.0, 20.0, and 30.0 dS m-1 in 1989, and 1.4, 8.0, 16.0, and 24.0 dS m-1 in 1990. The three irrigation treatments were (i) salinity imposed throughout the growing season, (ii) saline irrigation initiated after terminal spikelet differentiation (TSD), and (iii) saline irrigation discontinued at TSD. Growth and yield components measured were straw yield, total above ground biomass, number of spikelets per spike, number of kernels per spike, individual kernel weight, number of tillers per plant, and number of tiller spikes. Continuous salinity throughout the growing season significantly reduced all growth and yield components. Salinity imposed prior to TSD reduced the number of spikelets per spike and the number of tillers per plant, whereas salinity imposed after TSD significantly reduced only kernel number and weight. In general, the effect of salinity appears to be most pronounced on the yield components that are growing or developing at the time the salt stress is imposed. Total grain yields were maintained when moderately saline irrigation waters were substituted for good quality water during part of the growing season. RP FRANCOIS, LE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 36 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 86 IS 1 BP 100 EP 107 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MZ166 UT WOS:A1994MZ16600021 ER PT J AU STOUT, WL SCHNABEL, RR AF STOUT, WL SCHNABEL, RR TI SOIL DRAINAGE INFLUENCE ON BIOMASS AND NITROGEN ACCUMULATION BY RYEGRASS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; TALL FESCUE; SWITCHGRASS; N-15 AB Grasslands are the basis for a stable agriculture in the Northeast USA. However, knowledge of interactive effects of soil drainage and N fertilization on grassland production in this region remains scant. Our objective was to quantify the effect of soil drainage on grassland biomass production and N accumulation. The study was conducted for 2 yr on a floodplain site iii central Pennsylvania on two soils selected for extreme drainage conditions. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Bastion) was treated with a split application (50% in mid-April, 50% in mid-July) of 0, 84, 168 and 252 kg, N ha-1 of N-15 depleted NH4NO3. Biweekly biomass samples were taken starting mid-May of each year and continuing until the grass headed and all herbage was removed from the plots. Plots were re-fertilized and monthly biomass sampling commenced at the end of August and continued until the end of October 31. Fertilizer nitrogen recovery was greatest in the first harvest after fertilization, irrespective of soil type or season. Peak fertilizer N recovery for spring growth was 50% on the well-drained soil and 32% on the poorly drained soil. In the summer-fall growth period, peak fertilizer N recovery was 26% on the well-drained and 18% on the poorly drained soil. Biomass on the poorly drained soil was 26% less in the spring and 8% less in the summer-fall periods compared with that of the well-drained soil. Overall, poor soil drainage conditions resulted in a 39% reduction in fertilizer N recovery and a 21% reduction in yield of perennial ryegrass. RP STOUT, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,PASTURE SYST & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 86 IS 1 BP 111 EP 116 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MZ166 UT WOS:A1994MZ16600023 ER PT J AU MATHEWS, BW SOLLENBERGER, LE NKEDIKIZZA, P GASTON, LA HORNSBY, HD AF MATHEWS, BW SOLLENBERGER, LE NKEDIKIZZA, P GASTON, LA HORNSBY, HD TI SOIL SAMPLING PROCEDURES FOR MONITORING POTASSIUM DISTRIBUTION IN GRAZED PASTURES SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Nutrient redistribution in grazed pastures occurs primarily via deposition of excreta by animals. Because this redistribution is generally not uniform, a composite sample of randomly collected soil cores may not reflect the nutrient status of much of the pasture. To address this limitation, zonal soil sampling, with zones determined by distance from shade, water, and supplemental feeders (lounging areas), has been proposed as an alternative sampling strategy. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of zonal soil sampling for monitoring extractable K distribution in grazed pastures. Utility of the zonal approach was evaluated by comparing it with a more rigorous, but less practical transect sampling procedure. Rotationally and continuously stocked bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. 'Callie'] pastures were used in the study. Ranges of extractable K within a pasture were as great as 13-fold (14-181 mg kg-1) after 2 yr of grazing. Extractable K concentration was greatest in the one-third of the pastures closest to lounging areas regardless of grazing method. Data from zonal soil sampling described this distribution of soil K. Kriged contour maps constructed using data from transect soil sampling supported the conclusions made using zonal sampling. We conclude that zonal soil sampling is a useful and practical tool for describing K redistribution in pastures and for improving the utility of soil test results and ferlilizer recommendations for grazed swards. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,POB 110900,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV HAWAII,COLL AGR,HILO,HI 96720. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 86 IS 1 BP 121 EP 126 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MZ166 UT WOS:A1994MZ16600025 ER PT J AU DECKER, AM CLARK, AJ MEISINGER, JJ MULFORD, FR MCINTOSH, MS AF DECKER, AM CLARK, AJ MEISINGER, JJ MULFORD, FR MCINTOSH, MS TI LEGUME COVER CROP CONTRIBUTIONS TO NO-TILLAGE CORN PRODUCTION SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-FERTILIZER; GRAIN-SORGHUM; SOIL; RELEASE; YIELD AB Winter cover crops can supply N to the next crop, reduce erosion and N leaching, and conserve or deplete soil moisture. To identify optimum corn fertilizer nitrogen (FN) rates following cover crops, we evaluated hairy vetch (VT: Vicia villosa Roth), Austrian winter pea [PE: Pisum sativum L. subsp. sativum var. arvense (L.) Poir.], crimson clover (CR: Trifolium incarnatum L.), and wheat (WH: Triticum aestivum L.) winter cover crops in the U.S. Coastal Plain and Piedmont, for no-tillage corn (Zea mays L.) at four FN rates (topdressed NH4NO3) over 4 yr. Parameters evaluated included cover crop yield and N content, corn N uptake, and corn grain yield. On the Coastal Plain, VT, PE, CR, and WH topgrowth averaged 205, 180, 170, and 40 kg N ha-1, respectively, and almost-equal-to 40% less for the Piedmont. With no FN, grain yields were generally greater after legumes than after no cover crop, and lowest after WH, with the best yields after legumes with 90 to 135 kg FN ha-. Synergistic responses occurred when FN was applied after legumes. Non-N-limited grain yield increases averaged 2 Mg ha-1 (Coastal Plain) and 0.5 Mg ha-1 (Piedmont), and were not directly related to cover crop N. With no cover crop, FN needed for maximum yield averaged 80 kg ha-1 (Piedmont) and 135 kg ha-1 (Coastal Plain). After WH, FN needs increased 15 to 30 kg ha-1, but decreased 10 to 75 kg ha-1 after legumes. Hairy vetch provided the most consistent increases, with average grain yield of 10.6 Mg ha-1 (Coastal Plain) and 8.2 Mg ha-1 (Piedmont), and an economic optimum FN rate of 127 (Coastal Plain) and 66 kg ha-1 (Piedmont). C1 LESREC,POPLAR HILL FACIL,QUANTICO,MD 21856. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP DECKER, AM (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. OI McIntosh, Marla/0000-0002-4169-8615 NR 24 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 86 IS 1 BP 126 EP 135 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MZ166 UT WOS:A1994MZ16600026 ER PT J AU MULLINS, GL REEVES, DW BURMESTER, CH BRYANT, HH AF MULLINS, GL REEVES, DW BURMESTER, CH BRYANT, HH TI IN-ROW SUBSOILING AND POTASSIUM PLACEMENT EFFECTS ON ROOT-GROWTH AND POTASSIUM CONTENT OF COTTON SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LIME INCORPORATION; DEPTH AB One method of correcting K deficiencies in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is by in-row deep placement of K fertilizer. At present, the mechanisms involved in cotton yield response to deep placement of K have not been elucidated. A field study was conducted in 1990 and 1991 to evaluate root development and dry matter yield of cotton as affected by in-row subsoiling and placement of K fertilizer. The experiment was located in central Alabama on a Norfolk fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Kandiudult). Five treatments were compared: (i) check, without in-row subsoiling; (ii) check, with in-row subsoiling; (iii) 84 kg K ha-1 surface-applied, without in-row subsoiling; (iv) 84 kg K ha-1 surface-applied, with in-row subsoiling; and (v) 84 kg K ha-1 deep-placed, in-row. Penetrometer readings taken in 1991 demonstrated that the soil has a well-developed traffic pan at a depth of approximately 15 to 38 cm. In-row subsoiling disrupted the pan up to 25 cm away from the in-row position. Root density measurements taken in-row showed that root growth at depths > 20 cm was improved by in-row subsoiling and K fertilization. Cotton root growth at depths > 20 cm was generally better for the treatment receiving the deep applied K. However, broadcast K in combination with in-row subsoiling resulted in the highest productivity and K accumulation per plant. Results of this study suggest that, for cotton production in Alabama, deep placement of K is not superior to broadcast applications of K. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL. RP MULLINS, GL (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 86 IS 1 BP 136 EP 139 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MZ166 UT WOS:A1994MZ16600027 ER PT J AU YOUNG, FL OGG, AG PAPENDICK, RI THILL, DC ALLDREDGE, JR AF YOUNG, FL OGG, AG PAPENDICK, RI THILL, DC ALLDREDGE, JR TI TILLAGE AND WEED MANAGEMENT AFFECTS WINTER-WHEAT YIELD IN AN INTEGRATED PEST-MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; PACIFIC NORTHWEST AB Adoption of conservation practices by U.S. Pacific Northwest growers to meet farm bill legislation for erosion control is limited by the inability to control weeds and other pests in cereal and pulse crops. A 6-yr, 16-ha integrated pest management field study was conducted in the subhumid wheat area of the Pacific Northwest from 1985 through 1991 to develop a crop production system that controls weeds effectively and reduces soil erosion. Farm-size machinery were used to till, plant, and harvest crops grown in either a continuous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) sequence or a 3-yr rotation of winter wheat-spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)-spring pea (Pisum sativum L.) in conservation and conventional tillage systems. Minimum, moderate, and maximum weed management levels were superimposed over each cropping by tillage system. Position of winter wheat within a cropping system influenced yield so that wheat produced more grain following spring pea > spring wheat >> winter wheat. Insects and root diseases were not yield-limiting factors in either conventionally tilled monoculture wheat or no-till wheat in the 3-vr cropping system. Yield of winter wheat in the conventionally tilled, continuous wheat system was similar for all three weed management levels. Yield of winter wheat in conservation tillage systems increased at both the moderate and maximum level of weed management compared with the minimum level. No-till winter wheat planted after either pea or spring wheat at the moderate and maximum weed management levels yielded a minimum of 605 kg ha-1 more than conventionally tilled wheat at the same management levels. C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENTOMOL SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PROGRAM STAT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP YOUNG, FL (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 28 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 86 IS 1 BP 147 EP 154 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MZ166 UT WOS:A1994MZ16600030 ER PT J AU LENGNICK, LL FOX, RH AF LENGNICK, LL FOX, RH TI SIMULATION BY NCSWAP OF SEASONAL NITROGEN DYNAMICS IN CORN .1. SOIL NITRATE SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TILLAGE-RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; MODEL; MINERALIZATION; NCSOIL; CALIBRATION; BEHAVIOR; MOVEMENT AB Computer simulation models of crop-soil systems offer the potential to increase understanding of soil N cycle processes, thereby improving management of N resources in agricultural systems. NCSWAP (Nitrogen, Carbon, Soil, Water, And Plant) is a comprehensive, deterministic computer model of the plant-soil system that simulates seasonal soil C and N cycles under the control of temperature, moisture, microbial activity, and crop growth. The objective of this study was to validate NCSWAP using data collected during a 3-yr N-rate study in central Pennsylvania that investigated seasonal N dynamics in corn (Zea mays L.) provided with N as liquid dairy manure or as NH4NO3. Seasonal soil NO3 concentration in the upper soil layer, seasonal aboveground N accumulation by corn, and water leached past 1.2 m during the second year of the study were used to calibrate input values controlling soil water flow and NO3 production from mineralization of soil organic N sources. The validation of NCSWAP identified several limitations in the water flow and C and N cycling submodels as well as in the potential of the model to simulate seasonal N dynamics in corn. Validation simulations were about as accurate as calibration simulations, reflecting the ability of the model to simulate C and N dynamics without recalibration from year to year. Much of the simulation error was related to an overestimation of NO3 leaching caused by the inability of the model's microporous flow submodel to simulate the macropore-influenced water flow in the well-structured soil used in the validation. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP LENGNICK, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 86 IS 1 BP 167 EP 175 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MZ166 UT WOS:A1994MZ16600033 ER PT J AU LENGNICK, LL FOX, RH AF LENGNICK, LL FOX, RH TI SIMULATION BY NCSWAP OF SEASONAL NITROGEN DYNAMICS IN CORN .2. CORN GROWTH AND YIELD SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TILLAGE-RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; MODEL; SOIL; CALIBRATION; BEHAVIOR AB The accurate simulation of crop growth is important in the effort to apply computer simulation models to improvements in the management of N resources in agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to validate the crop growth submodel of the model NCSWAP using seasonal corn (Zea mays L.) growth and final grain yields from a 3-vr N rate-study conducted in central Pennsylvania. The results of the validation suggest that the model poorly simulated crop growth response under conditions of limited water or N availability. However, NCSWAP accurately simulated observed seasonal corn growth and harvested yields in treatments with no N or water limitations. The crop growth submodel has the potential to be useful in simulation of crop production, because with a minimum of inputs it can be calibrated for any crop and can incorporate variables that influence crop growth and are specific to a local environment. Improvements in the simulation of crop growth under N and water deficits would enhance the usefulness of NCSWAP to researchers exploring seasonal N cycling in soils and crops. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP LENGNICK, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 86 IS 1 BP 176 EP 182 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MZ166 UT WOS:A1994MZ16600034 ER PT J AU SHARRATT, BS CAMPBELL, GS AF SHARRATT, BS CAMPBELL, GS TI RADIATION BALANCE OF A SOIL-STRAW SURFACE-MODIFIED BY STRAW COLOR SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RESIDUE; HEAT AB Straw color may alter the net radiative flux at the soil-straw surface and, consequently, the availability of energy for soil, biological, and atmospheric processes. This study ascertained the radiation balance of a soil-straw surface as modified by the color of the straw on the surface. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) stubble and loose straw on 36-m2 plots near Fairbanks, AK, was painted black, white, or remained unpainted (natural) in a randomized block experimental design. Reflected global radiation was measured in the spring of 1988-1990 and net radiation was monitored in the spring of 1990 Midday reflected global radiation and soil-straw surface temperatures were measured on clear days in 1989. The albedo of the black straw treatment was 0.05, of the natural straw treatment was 0.2, and of the white straw treatment was 0.3. The black straw treatment resulted in higher midday surface temperatures and consequently higher emission of longwave radiation compared with other straw color treatments. A soil-straw-atmosphere system model provided good estimates of the measured net radiative flux in 1990 (R2 = 0.91). The model predicted that a soil-black straw surface would absorb 10% more radiation than a soil-natural straw surface and 15% more radiation than a soil-white straw surface averaged over the three years. The results suggest that straw color management can be an option for altering the surface radiation balance in regions with extreme climates. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP SHARRATT, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 86 IS 1 BP 200 EP 203 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MZ166 UT WOS:A1994MZ16600038 ER PT J AU VARVEL, GE AF VARVEL, GE TI MONOCULTURE AND ROTATION SYSTEM EFFECTS ON PRECIPITATION USE EFFICIENCY OF CORN SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Development and utilization of cropping systems in rainfed areas are highly dependent on their water use efficiencies, especially in subhumid areas. The objective was to evaluate the effect of crop rotation and N fertilizer rates on precipitation use efficiency by dryland corn (Zea mays L.). Corn was grown under rainfed conditions at Mead, NE, on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll) in four cropping systems: (i) continuous corn, (ii) a 2-yr soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]-corn rotation, (iii) a 4-yr rotation of oat [Avena sativa (L.)] + clover [80% Melilotus officinalis Lam. and 20% Trifolium pratense L.]-grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]-soybean-corn, and (iv) a 4-yr rotation of soybean-grain sorghum-oat + clover-corn. Nitrogen fertilizer rates used for corn were 0, 90, and 180 kg N ha-1 as NH4NO3. Corn grain precipitation use efficiency was significantly affected by year, rotation, and N fertilizer rates from 1984 through 1991. Precipitation use efficiency ranged from 36 to 137 kg ha-1 cm-1 for continuous corn and from 57 to 165 kg ha-1 cm-1 for corn grown in rotation from 1984 through 1991. Precipitation use efficiency was greater in rotation (101.8 kg ha-1 cm-1) than in continuous corn (83.6 kg ha-1 cm-1). In dryland production areas, cropping systems with greater and more stable precipitation use efficiency can reduce crop failures. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP VARVEL, GE (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68588, USA. NR 13 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 86 IS 1 BP 204 EP 208 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MZ166 UT WOS:A1994MZ16600039 ER PT J AU GEYER, MW SEQUEIRA, RA PARADICE, DB FOWLER, GC MILLER, C STATEN, RT AF GEYER, MW SEQUEIRA, RA PARADICE, DB FOWLER, GC MILLER, C STATEN, RT TI COTTON PEST-MANAGEMENT - A KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEM TO HANDLE INFORMATION INPUT OVERLOAD SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Successful decisions largely depend on correct interpretation of data. Today, our ability to collect data outstrips our ability to interpret it, a situation called ''information input overload.'' Information input overload is known to have a deleterious effect on decision makers. Full use of data, knowledge, and other information requires a system that can extract the critical decision factors and follow a decision tree to find related pieces of information. A knowledge-based system was built to aid the project management team responsible for identifying cotton fields at risk to pink bollworm and releasing sterile pink bollworm to help control the native pink bollworm population. The system uses object-oriented design, expert system techniques, a link to simulation models, and database management in an integrated system to optimize, improve, and ease the decision-making process. The system made significantly fewer mistakes than did human decision makers, while assigning treatments to high and low risk areas. In addition, the system thoroughly documents the decisionmaking process and the resulting recommendations, thus allowing use of adjuncts such as a GIS and simulation models of pest and crop populations. RP GEYER, MW (reprint author), USDA APHIS PPQ,APHIS,PPQ,PHOENIX METHODS DEV CTR,415 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1994 VL 8 IS 2 BP 1 EP 20 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA NU609 UT WOS:A1994NU60900001 ER PT B AU GREER, JD AF GREER, JD BE Fishell, WG Henkel, PA Crane, AC TI AIRBORNE RECONNAISSANCE AND MOUNT EVEREST - AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE SO AIRBORNE RECONNAISSANCE XVIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Airborne Reconnaissance XVIII Conference CY JUL 26-27, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS DE EVEREST; PHOTOGRAMMETRY HISTORY; AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY; SPACE PHOTOGRAPHY; EXPLORATION; MOUNTAINEERING C1 US FOREST SERV,PAYETTE NATL FOREST,MCCALL,ID 83638. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1596-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1994 VL 2272 BP 114 EP 132 DI 10.1117/12.191896 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BB87R UT WOS:A1994BB87R00010 ER PT J AU FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, MD AF FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, MD TI ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION MIMICS THE EFFECTS OF A HIGH-FRUCTOSE, LOW-COPPER DIET IN RATS SO ALCOHOL LA English DT Article DE ALCOHOL; COPPER DEFICIENCY; FRUCTOSE; STARCH; SORBITOL ID DEFICIENT RATS; ETHANOL; CARBOHYDRATE; GLUCOSE; SORBITOL; ACCUMULATION; METABOLISM; DEPENDENCY; MORTALITY; SEVERITY AB The consumption of a high-fructose diet that is inadequate in copper produces numerous pathologies which eventually lead to the mortality of the animals. In contrast, the consumption of a high-starch diet that is inadequate in copper does not produce abnormalities and the animals survive. Ethanol has been chosen as an agent to mimic the fructose effect in copper deficiency. The administration of 20% ethanol in the drinking water of rats fed a starch-based diet that was inadequate in copper resulted in a depressed growth rate, anemia, pancreatic atrophy, and heart hypertrophy. All these signs were similar to the signs exerted by fructose feeding when it was combined with copper deficiency. Polyol pathway-in the liver and kidney was affected by both ethanol and fructose consumption. Ethanol did not aggravate the signs associated with copper deficiency in rats fed fructose, but it exacerbated the signs associated with copper deficiency in rats fed starch. Certain metabolic pathways that are unique for fructose and ethanol may be responsible for the exacerbation of copper deficiency. RP FIELDS, M (reprint author), USDA,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BLDG 307-E,RM 330,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0741-8329 J9 ALCOHOL JI Alcohol PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 11 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1016/0741-8329(94)90006-X PG 7 WC Substance Abuse; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Substance Abuse; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA MV745 UT WOS:A1994MV74500004 PM 8142062 ER PT J AU HARLAN, NJ AF HARLAN, NJ BE Junge, RE TI AN INSPECTORS VIEW OF THE NEW ANIMAL WELFARE REGULATIONS CONCERNING ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT SO AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ZOO VETERINARIANS AND ASSOCIATION OF REPTILIAN AND AMPHIBIAN VETERINARIANS ANNUAL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the American-Association-of-Zoo-Veterinarians/Association-of-Reptilian-and-A mphibian-Veterinarians CY OCT 22-27, 1994 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS, ASSOC REPTILIAN AND AMPHIBIAN VETERINARIANS C1 USDA,APHIS,VET MED OFF,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21401. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS WILBUR B ARMAND EXEC DIRECTOR PI PHILADELPHIA PA 34TH ST & GIRARD AVE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 PY 1994 BP 285 EP 286 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BB99F UT WOS:A1994BB99F00078 ER PT J AU CULLINEY, TW AF CULLINEY, TW TI CHAGAS-DISEASE SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter RP CULLINEY, TW (reprint author), USDA,HONOLULU,HI 96804, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 134 IS 1 BP 11 EP 12 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MP516 UT WOS:A1994MP51600004 ER PT J AU SPANGLER, HG AF SPANGLER, HG TI ARE THE WINGBEAT FREQUENCIES OF HONEY-BEES AN INDICATOR OF POPULATIONS OR BEHAVIOR SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The wing beat frequencies (WBF) of individual honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) in Arizona, USA and Costa Rica were determined for free flying undisturbed workers leaving and entering their hive and for water collectors, foragers, robbers, and nest site seekers. Costa Rican bees that were foraging or in flight leaving and entering their hives had a higher WBF than Arizona bees. Arizona bees that were robbing honey had a higher WBF than Costa Rican bees. Bees that were seeking water or nest sites showed no significant difference in WBF between the two locations. Bees that were stinging had higher WBF's than flying bees that were leaving and entering their hive. However, there was no significant difference in WBF between stinging bees in Costa Rica and Arizona. The Costa Rican bees came from an area where virtually all honey bees were Africanized and extremely defensive. These data suggest that it is possible to identify Africanized honey bees from European honey bees by analyzing the WBF of free flying, undisturbed bees. RP SPANGLER, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 134 IS 1 BP 53 EP 55 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MP516 UT WOS:A1994MP51600033 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, MJ AF WILLIAMS, MJ BE Pederson, GA TI ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES ON THE COMPETITIVE ABILITY OF RHIZOMA PEANUT AND BAHIAGRASS SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL - THE FIRST 50 YEARS/1994 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Meeting: A Golden Opportunity CY MAR 06-10, 1994 CL LANCASTER, PA SP AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, PENNSYLVANIA FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, PENN STATE UNIV C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34605. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1994 VL 3 BP 177 EP 182 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BB01F UT WOS:A1994BB01F00015 ER PT J AU BELESKY, DP TURNER, KE FEDDERS, JM AF BELESKY, DP TURNER, KE FEDDERS, JM BE Pederson, GA TI ALFALFA PRODUCTIVITY AND TAP ROOT CHARACTERISTICS AS INFLUENCED BY RESIDUAL CLIPPING HEIGHT SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL - THE FIRST 50 YEARS/1994 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Meeting: A Golden Opportunity CY MAR 06-10, 1994 CL LANCASTER, PA SP AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, PENNSYLVANIA FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, PENN STATE UNIV C1 USDA ARS,ASWCRI,BECKLEY,WV 25802. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1994 VL 3 BP 185 EP 189 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BB01F UT WOS:A1994BB01F00019 ER PT J AU AIKEN, GE SPRINGER, TL AF AIKEN, GE SPRINGER, TL BE Pederson, GA TI STEER PERFORMANCE ON EASTERN GAMAGRASS PASTURE SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL - THE FIRST 50 YEARS/1994 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Meeting: A Golden Opportunity CY MAR 06-10, 1994 CL LANCASTER, PA SP AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, PENNSYLVANIA FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, PENN STATE UNIV C1 USDA ARS,S CENT FAMILY FARM RES CTR,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1994 VL 3 BP 211 EP 213 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BB01F UT WOS:A1994BB01F00026 ER PT J AU TURNER, KE FOSTER, JG BELESKY, DP RASMUSSEN, MA FONTENOT, JP AF TURNER, KE FOSTER, JG BELESKY, DP RASMUSSEN, MA FONTENOT, JP BE Pederson, GA TI SEASONAL PRODUCTION AND IN-VITRO RUMINAL DEGRADATION OF 2,4-DIAMINOBUTYRIC ACID IN FLATPEA SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL - THE FIRST 50 YEARS/1994 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Meeting: A Golden Opportunity CY MAR 06-10, 1994 CL LANCASTER, PA SP AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, PENNSYLVANIA FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, PENN STATE UNIV C1 USDA ARS,ASWCRL,BECKLEY,WV 25801. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1994 VL 3 BP 247 EP 251 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BB01F UT WOS:A1994BB01F00035 ER PT J AU ROTZ, CA RODGERS, JR AF ROTZ, CA RODGERS, JR BE Pederson, GA TI A COMPARISON OF GRAZING AND CONFINED FEEDING SYSTEMS ON A PENNSYLVANIA DAIRY FARM SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL - THE FIRST 50 YEARS/1994 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Meeting: A Golden Opportunity CY MAR 06-10, 1994 CL LANCASTER, PA SP AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, PENNSYLVANIA FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, PENN STATE UNIV C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1994 VL 3 BP 252 EP 256 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BB01F UT WOS:A1994BB01F00036 ER PT J AU ROTZ, CA HARRIGAN, TM BLACK, JR AF ROTZ, CA HARRIGAN, TM BLACK, JR BE Pederson, GA TI AN ECONOMIC COMPARISON OF LARGE ROUND BALE STORAGE METHODS FOR DAIRY FARMS SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL - THE FIRST 50 YEARS/1994 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Meeting: A Golden Opportunity CY MAR 06-10, 1994 CL LANCASTER, PA SP AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, PENNSYLVANIA FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, PENN STATE UNIV C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1994 VL 3 BP 257 EP 261 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BB01F UT WOS:A1994BB01F00037 ER PT J AU AIKEN, GE BROWN, MA AF AIKEN, GE BROWN, MA BE Pederson, GA TI POTENTIAL OF CATTLE GENETICS FOR IMPROVING PRODUCTION ON ENDOPHYTE-INFECTED TALL FESCUE SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL - THE FIRST 50 YEARS/1994 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Meeting: A Golden Opportunity CY MAR 06-10, 1994 CL LANCASTER, PA SP AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, PENNSYLVANIA FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, PENN STATE UNIV C1 USDA ARS,S CENT FAMILY FARM RES CTR,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1994 VL 3 BP 294 EP 296 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BB01F UT WOS:A1994BB01F00047 ER PT J AU LAMONFAVA, S JENNER, JL JACQUES, PF SCHAEFER, EJ AF LAMONFAVA, S JENNER, JL JACQUES, PF SCHAEFER, EJ TI EFFECTS OF DIETARY INTAKES ON PLASMA-LIPIDS, LIPOPROTEINS, AND APOLIPOPROTEINS IN FREE-LIVING ELDERLY MEN AND WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE AGING; PLASMA LIPIDS; CORONARY HEART DISEASE; BODY MASS INDEX; DIETARY INTAKES; VITAMIN-A; VITAMIN-C ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; MONOUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; A-I; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; CHINESE POPULATION; ASCORBIC-ACID; RETINOIC ACID; RISK-FACTORS; HEALTHY-MEN AB Plasma lipid and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and B concentrations and habitual dietary intakes were determined in 306 free-living elderly individuals (119 men and 187 women, age range 60-100 y). Plasma lipid and apo A-I concentrations were significantly higher in women than in men. In older men, plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, and apo B concentrations were significantly lower than in younger men, whereas a significant trend towards lower LDL-cholesterol concentrations was observed in older women. Energy intake and percent macronutrient intake were not influenced by age. Higher carbohydrate intake was associated with lower HDL cholesterol and apo A-I concentrations, whereas higher total fat intake was associated with higher apo A-I concentrations. Higher vitamin A intake was associated with higher plasma concentrations of HDL cholesterol and apo A-I. Our data indicate that both dietary and plasma concentrations of vitamin A, body mass index, age, and sex are important determinants of plasma lipid concentrations in the elderly. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,US DEPT AGR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,DIV EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 64 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 BP 32 EP 41 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MP657 UT WOS:A1994MP65700006 PM 8279399 ER PT J AU SALAMONE, LM DALLAL, GE ZANTOS, D MAKRAUER, F DAWSONHUGHES, B AF SALAMONE, LM DALLAL, GE ZANTOS, D MAKRAUER, F DAWSONHUGHES, B TI CONTRIBUTIONS OF VITAMIN-D INTAKE AND SEASONAL SUNLIGHT EXPOSURE TO PLASMA-25 HYDROXYVITAMIN-D CONCENTRATION IN ELDERLY WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-D; SUNLIGHT; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; D SUPPLEMENTATION; HUMAN-SKIN; BONE LOSS; CUTANEOUS PRODUCTION; BIOCHEMICAL INDEXES; GERIATRIC-PATIENTS; HYPOVITAMINOSIS-D; D METABOLITES AB We investigated the contributions (1.00-8.03 mu g/d, or 40-321 IU/d) of vitamin D intake and seasonal sunlight exposure to plasma 25(OH)D in 59 healthy women aged 70-97 y with a mean total vitamin D intake of 8.58 mu g/d (343 IU/d). In the summer and winter, each subject had a fasting blood measurement and assessments of vitamin D intake and sunlight exposure. Vitamin D intake was significantly correlated with plasma 25(OH)D in the summer (r=0.52, P<0.01) and winter (r=0.63, P<0.01). The influence of sunlight exposure measured in the summer on the 25(OH)D concentration was dependent on the vitamin D intake. In subjects with lower vitamin D intakes (1.00-8.03 mu g/d, or 40-321 IU/d), the wintertime 25(OH)D concentrations of those with low and high sunlight exposure were comparable. In subjects with higher vitamin D intakes (11.15-28.68 mu g/d, or 446-1147 IU/d), however, the wintertime 25(OH)D concentrations of those with high sunlight exposure were lower than those with lower exposure [63.8+/-3.9 and 80.6+/-6.7 nmol/L, respectively, P=0.066; P (intake by exposure interaction)<0.05]. This suggests that the contribution of vitamin D intake to plasma 25(OH)D concentration may be influenced by sunlight exposure. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,CALCIUM & BONE METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NEWTON WELLESLEY HOSP,DEPT MED,NEWTON,MA. NR 45 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 BP 80 EP 86 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MP657 UT WOS:A1994MP65700014 PM 8279408 ER PT J AU GUENTHER, PM AF GUENTHER, PM TI RESEARCH NEEDS FOR DIETARY ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE DIETARY ASSESSMENT; NUTRITION MONITORING; DIETARY-METHODS RESEARCH AB The 10-y Plan for the National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Program calls for research related to dietary data collection and interpretation and for improved data dissemination. The United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Information Service has released data from the 1989 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and is planning for the next one. Respondent burden will be reduced. The sample is designed for improved estimates of dietary intakes for children and elderly individuals. An automated coding system will contribute to improved data management. Current research projects include developing data collection strategies in a cognitive research laboratory, exploring alternative interview structures for children, and developing methods to estimate the distributors of usual intakes of nutrients and foods. Priorities for further research and development are applying cognitive psychology research techniques to improve accuracy of responses, ensuring the temporal validity of food-composition databases, and developing the probability approach for assessing dietary adequacy. RP GUENTHER, PM (reprint author), USDA, HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV, 6505 BELCREST RD, HYATTSVILLE, MD 20782 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 SU S BP 168S EP 170S PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MQ079 UT WOS:A1994MQ07900006 PM 8279417 ER PT J AU LONGNECKER, MP LISSNER, L HOLDEN, JM FLACK, VF TAYLOR, PR STAMPFER, MJ WILLETT, WC AF LONGNECKER, MP LISSNER, L HOLDEN, JM FLACK, VF TAYLOR, PR STAMPFER, MJ WILLETT, WC TI THE VALIDITY OF A SELF-ADMINISTERED SEMIQUANTITATIVE FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE IN A POPULATION-CROSS-SECTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE DIETARY ASSESSMENT; FOOD FREQUENCY; VALIDITY C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, SCH PUBL HLTH, DEPT EPIDEMIOL, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA. GOTHENBURG UNIV, S-41124 GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN. USDA, NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, SPH, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA. NCI, DCPC, CPSB, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 SU S BP 283S EP 283S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MQ079 UT WOS:A1994MQ07900033 ER PT J AU KRETSCH, MJ FONG, AKH SAUBERLICH, HE AF KRETSCH, MJ FONG, AKH SAUBERLICH, HE TI THE USE OF ERYTHROCYTE GLUTATHIONE-REDUCTASE ACTIVATION COEFFICIENT AS A BIOMARKER FOR USUAL RIBOFLAVIN INTAKE IN INDIVIDUALS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE DIETARY ASSESSMENT; BIOMARKERS; RIBOFLAVIN INTAKE C1 USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, BERKELEY, CA 94710 USA. UNIV ALABAMA, DEPT NUTR SCI, BIRMINGHAM, AL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 SU S BP 297S EP 297S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MQ079 UT WOS:A1994MQ07900080 ER PT J AU HOLDEN, JM MANGELS, AR CHUGAHUJA, JK BEECHER, GR FORMAN, M LANZA, E AF HOLDEN, JM MANGELS, AR CHUGAHUJA, JK BEECHER, GR FORMAN, M LANZA, E TI THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CAROTENOIDS DATABASE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF CAROTENOID INTAKE BY DIVERSE POPULATIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE DIETARY ASSESSMENT; CAROTENOIDS DATABASE C1 USDA, NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 USA. GEORGETOWN UNIV, DEPT MED, WASHINGTON, DC USA. UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT CHEM, COLL PK, MD 20742 USA. NCI, DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 SU S BP 298S EP 298S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MQ079 UT WOS:A1994MQ07900085 ER PT J AU FONG, AKH KRETSCH, MJ AF FONG, AKH KRETSCH, MJ TI URINARY NITROGEN AS A RELIABLE INDICATOR OF USUAL DIETARY NITROGEN INTAKE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE DIETARY ASSESSMENT; BIOMAKERS; DIETARY NITROGEN C1 USDA ARS, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, SAN FRANCISCO, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 SU S BP 300S EP 300S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MQ079 UT WOS:A1994MQ07900090 ER PT J AU COOK, DA FRIDAY, JE BOWMAN, SA FOWLER, JA HO, JW AF COOK, DA FRIDAY, JE BOWMAN, SA FOWLER, JA HO, JW TI BREAKING DOWN INTAKE DATA ON FOOD MIXTURES INTO INGREDIENT COMMODITY COMPONENTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE DIETARY ASSESSMENT; FOOD MIXTURES C1 USDA, HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV, HYATTSVILLE, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 SU S BP 301S EP 301S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MQ079 UT WOS:A1994MQ07900094 ER PT J AU TUCKER, K DALLAL, G RUSH, D AF TUCKER, K DALLAL, G RUSH, D TI DIETARY PATTERNS DERIVED FROM CLUSTER AND PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS-ANALYSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE DIETARY ASSESSMENT; FOOD FREQUENCY; FOOD RECORDS; FOOD PATTERNS C1 TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 SU S BP 304S EP 304S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MQ079 UT WOS:A1994MQ07900102 ER PT J AU CARRIQUIRY, AL JENSEN, HH FULLER, WA GUENTHER, P AF CARRIQUIRY, AL JENSEN, HH FULLER, WA GUENTHER, P TI METHODS FOR ESTIMATING USUAL INTAKE DISTRIBUTIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE DIETARY ASSESSMENT; EVALUATING AND INTERPRETING DATA; NUTRIENT INTAKE DISTRIBUTIONS C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, AMES, IA 50011 USA. USDA, HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV, HYATTSVILLE, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 SU S BP 305S EP 305S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MQ079 UT WOS:A1994MQ07900106 ER PT J AU KRALL, EA DAWSONHUGHES, B AF KRALL, EA DAWSONHUGHES, B TI WALKING IS RELATED TO BONE-DENSITY AND RATES OF BONE LOSS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTHY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; WEIGHT-BEARING EXERCISE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; CALCIUM; SUPPLEMENTATION; PREMENOPAUSAL; PREVENTION; MASS; AGE AB PURPOSE: To determine if walking, independently of other types of physical activity, influences bone density and rates of bone loss from the lumbar spine and whole body. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Healthy, white, postmenopausal women (n = 239) participating in a 1-year, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation were studied. Bone densities of the lumbar spine and whole body were measured semiannually by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Current and historical participation in outdoor walking and other leisure-time physical activities was assessed by questionnaire. RESULTS: Women who walk more than 7.5 miles per week had higher mean bone density of the whole body and of the legs and trunk regions of the body than women who walk less than 1 mile per week. The current level of walking activity was reflective of lifelong walking habits. The number of miles walked per week was also correlated with longitudinal rates of change in bone density at the legs (r(p) = 0.16, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Healthy postmenopausal women who walk. approximately 1 mile each day have higher whole-body bone density than women who walk shorter distances. Walking is also effective in slowing the rate of bone loss from the legs. These results strongly support the widely held belief that walking is a beneficial form of physical activity for maintaining skeletal integrity. RP KRALL, EA (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,CALCIUM & BONE METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 22 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 96 IS 1 BP 20 EP 26 DI 10.1016/0002-9343(94)90111-2 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MU313 UT WOS:A1994MU31300005 PM 8304358 ER PT J AU NAGAHATA, H KEHRLI, ME MURATA, H OKADA, H NODA, H KOCIBA, GJ AF NAGAHATA, H KEHRLI, ME MURATA, H OKADA, H NODA, H KOCIBA, GJ TI NEUTROPHIL FUNCTION AND PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN HOLSTEIN CALVES WITH LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BOVINE GRANULOCYTOPATHY SYNDROME; COMMON BETA-SUBUNIT; GLYCOPROTEIN FAMILY; FRIESIAN CALVES; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; LFA-1; MAC-1; ADHERENCE; LYMPHOCYTE; MUTATIONS AB Leukocyte adhesion deficiency was diagnosed in 4 Holstein calves from 1 to 4 months old. Calves had severe ulcers on oral mucous membranes, gingivitis, severe periodontitis, chronic pneumonia, and stunted growth associated with severe neutrophilia. Neutrophils from affected calves had function defect, characterized by severely decreased adherence, chemotactic movements, phagocytosis, luminol-dependent chemiluminescent response, and O2--producing activities. Deficient CD18 expression (0.1 to 1.7%) on neutrophils was clearly detected by use of flow cytometric analysis. These affected calves were linked to a common ancestral sire that has been documented to be a carrier. Clinical features, leukocyte functional abnormalities, deficient expression of CD18, and mode of inheritance indicated that affected calves had leukocyte adhesion deficiency. In vitro leukocyte functional abnormalities were associated with deficiency in the expression of CD11/CD18. Pathologic findings indicated possible increased susceptibility to infection associated with this disease. C1 NATL INST ANIM HLTH,AOMORI 03925,JAPAN. USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP NAGAHATA, H (reprint author), RAKUNO GAKUEN UNIV,DEPT VET MED,EBETSU,HOKKAIDO 069,JAPAN. NR 36 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 55 IS 1 BP 40 EP 48 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MP547 UT WOS:A1994MP54700006 PM 7908182 ER PT J AU CROW, TR JOHNSON, WC ADKISSON, CS AF CROW, TR JOHNSON, WC ADKISSON, CS TI FIRE AND RECRUITMENT OF QUERCUS IN A POSTAGRICULTURAL FIELD SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID DECIDUOUS FOREST; OAK FORESTS; OLD-GROWTH; VEGETATION; SUCCESSION; DISPERSAL; PATTERNS; PENNSYLVANIA; COLONIZATION; REPLACEMENT AB We investigated the relation between fire and oak recruitment in a mosaic of grassland and forest communities in S-central Iowa. Fire caused high ramet mortality, but low genet mortality among oaks less-than-or-equal-to 50 cm in height. In addition to increased sprouting, fire promoted terminal dominance in oak ramets and more vigorous height growth. This vigorous height growth resulted in a larger proportion of stems in the >50-cm height class at the end of the study in the burned areas compared to the unburned area. The patterns of recruitment during our 4-yr study included 1 yr of high recruitment followed by 3 yr of low but steady recruitment. Annual variation in oak recruitment proved to be statistically significant, but differences in recruitment rates between burned and unburned areas were not significant. On average, recruitment rates for oak were low in our study area, but mortality rates were also low on this dry, S-facing slope. Quercus was neither a rapid colonizer nor necessarily a rapid grower during its early development on the site. It can be best characterized as persistent with its opportunity for establishment enhanced by fire. C1 S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT FORESTRY LANDSCAPE & PKS,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP CROW, TR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. NR 44 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 131 IS 1 BP 84 EP 97 DI 10.2307/2426611 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MW295 UT WOS:A1994MW29500010 ER PT J AU WAN, C SOSEBEE, RE MCMICHAEL, BL AF WAN, C SOSEBEE, RE MCMICHAEL, BL TI HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES OF SHALLOW VS DEEP LATERAL ROOTS IN A SEMIARID SHRUB, GUTIERREZIA-SAROTHRAE SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID 2 DESERT SUCCULENTS; WATER STATUS; CONDUCTIVITY; PLANTS; COMPONENTS; SEEDLINGS; SAVANNA; ANATOMY; GRASS; WOODY AB Hydraulic conductivity of the deep and shallow lateral roots in the xerophyte Gutierrezia sarothrae Shinners (broom snakeweed) was measured for plants grown under two soil-water regimes. Hydraulic conductivity was 3.4-fold greater in the white, nonsuberized deep roots than in the brown, suberized shallow roots in dry soil; but was only 67% higher under favorable soil moisture conditions. Deep roots had 40% more large xylem vessels (diameters greater-than-or-equal-to 20 mum) than shallow roots in the plants growing in the field during the normal summer dry season. This may result in lower axial resistance to water flow in the xylem conduits in deep roots, but theoretical axial resistances calculated with the Poiseuille-Hagen equation could only explain 23% of the difference in hydraulic conductivity between deep and shallow roots. Apparently, increased radial resistance in the suberized shallow roots was mainly responsible for the low hydraulic conductivity observed during the dry season. Suberized roots of G. sarothrae regained high hydraulic conductivity 1 day after soil rewetting. This indicates a rectifier-like behavior of root systems in this half-shrub, as has been documented for desert succulents. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT RANGE & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. USDA,ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 131 IS 1 BP 120 EP 127 DI 10.2307/2426614 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MW295 UT WOS:A1994MW29500013 ER PT J AU HELM, ET ORR, PH JOHANSEN, RH AF HELM, ET ORR, PH JOHANSEN, RH TI SENSORY EVALUATION AS A TOOL IN BREEDING POTATOES FOR FRENCH FRIES AND FLAKES SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE LIMPNESS; COLOR; FLAVOR; TEXTURE; MASHED POTATOES AB Standardized sensory evaluation of advanced breeding clones developed in the research program of the Horticulture Department at North Dakota State University has been conducted annually since 1980. Procedures used by the USDA-ARS Potato Research Laboratory for processing tubers into partially fried french fries or flakes are described along with the procedures used for finish-frying of the fries and rehydrating the flakes in preparation for sensory evaluation in the Food and Nutrition Department at North Dakota State University. Following brief training, panelists evaluate the fries and flakes from each clone in triplicate for color, flavor, and texture. Procedures for determining length of fries and limpness of fry strips are described. Samples of 334 clones prepared as french fries and 135 clones prepared as flakes have been evaluated. Examples are given of types of data collected with interpretation of results in relationship to their use in the breeding program. C1 US ARS, POTATO RES LAB, E GRAND FORKS, MN 56721 USA. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV, DEPT HORT, FARGO, ND 58105 USA. RP HELM, ET (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV, DEPT FOOD & NUTR, FARGO, ND 58105 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 71 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MT905 UT WOS:A1994MT90500001 ER PT J AU TROUT, TJ KINCAID, DC WESTERMANN, DT AF TROUT, TJ KINCAID, DC WESTERMANN, DT TI COMPARISON OF RUSSET BURBANK YIELD AND QUALITY UNDER FURROW AND SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE SUGAR END; DARK END ID POTATO AB A survey of growers in the Treasure Valley of western Idaho/eastern Oregon indicated that Russet Burbank potato tends to produce better quality tubers under sprinkler irrigation than with furrow irrigation. Irrigation plot studies were carried out over 3 years on 2 sites to determine if these differences were a result of commonly-used management practices or inherent in the irrigation method. With good water management, irrigation method did not affect yields, but sprinkler irrigation produced tubers with slightly better visual quality and much lower incidence of sugar ends. The reasons for better quality with sprinkler-irrigation were projected to include: 1) less water stress since sprinklers can more uniformly apply the small, frequent irrigations that potato requires; 2) better nitrogen management since furrow applications often leach nitrogen from the root zone; and 3) lower soil temperatures due to sprinkler water evaporative cooling. RP TROUT, TJ (reprint author), US ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT UNIT,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 71 IS 1 BP 15 EP 28 DI 10.1007/BF02848742 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MT905 UT WOS:A1994MT90500002 ER PT B AU ANGLE, J AF ANGLE, J GP AMER STAT ASSOC TI Frequency spikes in income distributions SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION 1994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC STATISTICS SECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Statistical-Association, Business-and-Economic-Statistics-Section CY AUG 13-18, 1994 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Stat Assoc, Business & Econ Stat Sect DE MICROSTRUCTURE IN FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-04-7 PY 1994 BP 265 EP 270 PG 6 WC Economics; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Mathematics GA BD50Z UT WOS:A1994BD50Z00047 ER PT B AU GUENTHER, PM KOTT, PS AF GUENTHER, PM KOTT, PS GP AMER STAT ASSOC TI Problems in estimating usual dietary intakes SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION 1994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECTION ON EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Section-on-Epidemiology of the American-Statistical-Association CY AUG 13-18, 1994 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Stat Assoc, Sect Epidemiol DE NUTRIENTS; FOODS; DISTRIBUTIONS; COGNITION C1 USDA ARS,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-16-0 PY 1994 BP 44 EP 48 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Statistics & Probability SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics GA BE08X UT WOS:A1994BE08X00006 ER PT B AU ROESCH, FA AF ROESCH, FA GP AMER STAT ASSOC, SECT STAT & ENVIRONM TI Spatial analysis for monitoring forest health SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION 1994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECTION ON STATISTICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Section-on-Statistics-and-the-Environment of the American-Statistical-Association CY AUG 13-18, 1994 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Stat Assoc, Sect Stat & Environm DE POPULATION DYNAMICS; FOREST HEALTH C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-13-6 PY 1994 BP 104 EP 109 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BE02L UT WOS:A1994BE02L00018 ER PT B AU CLARK, CZF AF CLARK, CZF GP AMER STAT ASSOC, SECT STAT & ENVIRONM TI Agricultural statistics on the environment SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION 1994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECTION ON STATISTICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Section-on-Statistics-and-the-Environment of the American-Statistical-Association CY AUG 13-18, 1994 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Stat Assoc, Sect Stat & Environm DE PESTICIDE USAGE; WATER QUALITY; FOOD SAFETY C1 USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-13-6 PY 1994 BP 127 EP 132 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BE02L UT WOS:A1994BE02L00022 ER PT B AU TURNER, DL WILSON, JR AF TURNER, DL WILSON, JR GP AMER STAT ASSOC, SECT STAT & ENVIRONM TI Monitoring cross country skiers SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION 1994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECTION ON STATISTICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Section-on-Statistics-and-the-Environment of the American-Statistical-Association CY AUG 13-18, 1994 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Stat Assoc, Sect Stat & Environm DE REMOTE ESTIMATION; MECHANICAL COUNTING DESIGNS; GENERALIZED LINEAR MODELS C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,LOGAN,UT 84321. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-13-6 PY 1994 BP 167 EP 172 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BE02L UT WOS:A1994BE02L00030 ER PT B AU ALLEN, R AF ALLEN, R GP AMER STAT ASSOC, SECT STAT & ENVIRONM TI Forecasting crop acreages and yields in the face of and in spite of floods SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION 1994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECTION ON STATISTICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Section-on-Statistics-and-the-Environment of the American-Statistical-Association CY AUG 13-18, 1994 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Stat Assoc, Sect Stat & Environm DE OBJECTIVE YIELD SURVEYS; AREA FRAME SAMPLING C1 USDA,NATL AGR STAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-13-6 PY 1994 BP 187 EP 191 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BE02L UT WOS:A1994BE02L00034 ER PT B AU CLARK, CZF AF CLARK, CZF GP AMER STAT ASSOC TI Organizational needs and management issues for establishment survey programs SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION 1994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECTION ON SURVEY RESEARCH METHODS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Public-Opinion-Research CY MAY 11-15, 1994 CL DANVERS, MA SP Amer Assoc Public Opin Res C1 USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-10-1 PY 1994 BP 178 EP 182 PG 5 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Mathematics GA BD50X UT WOS:A1994BD50X00024 ER PT B AU BELLOW, ME AF BELLOW, ME GP AMER STAT ASSOC TI Large domain satellite based estimators of crop planted area SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION 1994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECTION ON SURVEY RESEARCH METHODS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Public-Opinion-Research CY MAY 11-15, 1994 CL DANVERS, MA SP Amer Assoc Public Opin Res DE REGRESSION; RATIO; AREA SAMPLING FRAME; BIAS C1 USDA,NASS,DIV RES,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-10-1 PY 1994 BP 194 EP 199 PG 6 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Mathematics GA BD50X UT WOS:A1994BD50X00027 ER PT B AU PERRY, C BURT, J IWIG, W AF PERRY, C BURT, J IWIG, W GP AMER STAT ASSOC TI Redrawing the 1993 farm cost and returns survey list sample to reduce overlap with three other 1993 surveys and the 1992 FCRS SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION 1994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECTION ON SURVEY RESEARCH METHODS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Public-Opinion-Research CY MAY 11-15, 1994 CL DANVERS, MA SP Amer Assoc Public Opin Res DE RESPONDENT BURDEN; MULTIPLE SELECTION; CROSS-CLASSIFICATION; SAMPLE COORDINATION C1 USDA,NASS,RD,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-10-1 PY 1994 BP 632 EP 637 PG 6 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Mathematics GA BD50X UT WOS:A1994BD50X00106 ER PT J AU BROWN, SJ PARRISH, JK DENELL, RE BEEMAN, RW AF BROWN, SJ PARRISH, JK DENELL, RE BEEMAN, RW TI GENETIC-CONTROL OF EARLY EMBRYOGENESIS IN THE RED FLOUR BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM SO AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Conserved Genes and Developmental Mechanisms in Embryos of Divergent Species, at the Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Zoologists CY DEC 27-30, 1992 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP AMER SOC ZOOLOGISTS ID COMPLEX HOM-C; ABDOMINAL-A; BITHORAX COMPLEX; DROSOPHILA; EXPRESSION; SEGMENTATION; HOMEODOMAIN; PROTEINS; PATTERN; EMBRYOS AB The power of genetic analysis possible with the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has yielded a detailed understanding of pattern formation controlled by homeotic and segmentation genes in early embryogenesis. We are studying the genetic regulation of embryogenesis in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. The dynamic process of germ rudiment formation and sequential segmentation exhibited by Tribolium provides a context different than Drosophila within which to assess the function of homeotic and segmentation gene homologs. Our analyses of the genes in the HOM-C suggest many similarities in structure and function with the well-characterized Drosophila genes. Abdominal resembles its Drosophila homolog abdominal-A in functioning to establish segmental identities in the abdomen, such that in each case mutations result in homeotic transformations to PS6. Although the anterior functional boundary of abdominal-A homologs is precisely conserved, the domain within which Abdominal is important extends more posterior than that of abdominal-A. The final expression pattern of the segmentation gene engrailed in Tribolium is identical to Drosophila, suggesting that these homologs are involved in a conserved developmental process. However, as expected the development of that pattern is different; engrailed stripes anticipate the formation of each new segment as they appear sequentially in the elongating germ band. Although the grasshopper even-skipped and fushi tarazu homologs are not apparently important in segmentation, the expression patterns of the Tribolium homologs strongly suggest that they have gained a role in segmentation in the lineage leading to beetles and flies. Nevertheless, differences between Tribolium and Drosophila in the dynamics of even-skipped expression and the fushi tarazu mutant phenotype indicate divergence in the regulation and roles of these genes. C1 USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. RP BROWN, SJ (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DIV BIOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [5T32CA09418, MCB-9002058]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD29594] NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0003-1569 J9 AM ZOOL JI Am. Zool. PY 1994 VL 34 IS 3 BP 343 EP 352 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA PV955 UT WOS:A1994PV95500005 PM 11540629 ER PT J AU SINGH, BK MATTHEWS, BF AF SINGH, BK MATTHEWS, BF TI MOLECULAR REGULATION OF AMINO-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS IN PLANTS SO AMINO ACIDS LA English DT Review DE AMINO ACIDS; HERBICIDES; NUTRITIONAL IMPROVEMENT; STRESS TOLERANCE ID BACTERIAL DIHYDRODIPICOLINATE SYNTHASE; 3-DEOXY-D-ARABINO-HEPTULOSONATE 7-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; KINASE-HOMOSERINE DEHYDROGENASE; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM-L; ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; CDNA CLONE; ANTHRANILATE SYNTHASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DELTA-1-PYRROLINE-5-CARBOXYLATE REDUCTASE AB Our understanding of amino acid biosynthesis in plants has grown by leaps and bounds in the last decade. It appears that most of the amino acid biosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast. Recent demonstration of glutamine synthetase and DAHP synthase in the vascular tissue has added a new dimension in the complexity of the nitrogen cycle in plants. Isolation of various genes and transformation of plants with the modified forms of the genes are providing tools for understanding the regulation of various pathways. Plant transformation approaches are also going to provide the food of the future with an improved amino acid composition. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SINGH, BK (reprint author), AMER CYANAMID CO,POB 400,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. NR 62 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0939-4451 J9 AMINO ACIDS JI Amino Acids PY 1994 VL 7 IS 2 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1007/BF00814158 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA PL577 UT WOS:A1994PL57700005 PM 24186048 ER PT J AU WEIRICH, GF KOCHANSKY, JP MASLER, EP LUSBY, WR WAGNER, RM FELDLAUFER, MF SVOBODA, JA AF WEIRICH, GF KOCHANSKY, JP MASLER, EP LUSBY, WR WAGNER, RM FELDLAUFER, MF SVOBODA, JA TI LIQUID SCINTILLATION-COUNTING OF TRITIUM-LABELED NEUROPEPTIDE IN THE SUBNANOMOLE RANGE - QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF ADSORPTION TO VIALS SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP WEIRICH, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 216 IS 1 BP 228 EP 232 DI 10.1006/abio.1994.1030 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA MP888 UT WOS:A1994MP88800030 PM 8135357 ER PT J AU LIQUIDO, NJ HARRIS, EJ DEKKER, LA AF LIQUIDO, NJ HARRIS, EJ DEKKER, LA TI ECOLOGY OF BACTROCERA-LATIFRONS (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) POPULATIONS - HOST PLANTS, NATURAL ENEMIES, DISTRIBUTION, AND ABUNDANCE SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE BACTROCERA-LATIFRONS; POPULATION ECOLOGY; POPULATION DYNAMICS ID DACUS DIPTERA; CERATITIS; ISLAND AB An intensive population census of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) identified 15 species of suitable host plants (11 solanaceous, 4 cucurbitaceous), 6 of them new host records. Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) Mill., Solanum nigrescens Mart. & Galeotti, Solanum sodomeum L., and Solanum torvum Sw. were the most heavily infested host plants in feral habitats. Under backyard and commercial cultivations, Capsicum annuum L., Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karst. ex Farw., and Solanum melongena L. were the most heavily infested (larval density and percentage infestation). B. latifrons appears to outcompete melon fly, oriental fruit fly, and Mediterranean fruit fly in C. annuum, Capsicum frutescens L., L. pimpinellifolium, Physalis peruviana L., S. melongena, S. nigrescens, S. nigrum, S. sodomeum, and S. torvum. Extremely low (<1%) larval parasitization by Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) was observed. Larval parasitization by Tetrastichus sp. was also observed. More than 250 cm average annual cumulative rainfall probably excluded B. latifrons populations from areas where suitable host plants were abundant. Over the study period, the relative abundance of B. latifrons populations decreased as the elevation increased. B. latifrons population density levels were consistently low, and there was no discernible pattern of population fluctuation over time (months of collection). Comprehensive lists of all recorded host plants (world review) and natural enemies of B. latifrons are presented. The ecological attributes of B. latifrons populations and their adaptive significance in colonizing and establishing in new geographic areas are discussed. RP LIQUIDO, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,BIOCONTROL BIOL & FIELD OPERAT RES UNIT,POB 4459,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 45 TC 29 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 87 IS 1 BP 71 EP 84 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NM651 UT WOS:A1994NM65100006 ER PT J AU HAGLER, JR NARANJO, SE BRADLEYDUNLOP, D ENRIQUEZ, FJ HENNEBERRY, TJ AF HAGLER, JR NARANJO, SE BRADLEYDUNLOP, D ENRIQUEZ, FJ HENNEBERRY, TJ TI A MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY TO PINK-BOLLWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, GELECHIIDAE) EGG ANTIGEN - A TOOL FOR PREDATOR GUT ANALYSIS SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE PECTINOPHORA-GOSSYPIELLA; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES; PREDATION ID HELIOTHIS-ZEA; HEMIPTERA; NOCTUIDAE AB We describe the development, selection, and application of a monoclonal antibody (MAb) to eggs of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). We tested this MAb against all pink bollworm life stages and the egg stage of 10 other insect species using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In all cases, the MAb was highly specific to pink bollworm egg and adult female antigens. A Western blot analysis showed that the MAb reacted with two egg polypeptides with molecular weights between 46 and 60 kDa. Predation studies were conducted in the laboratory to test the usefulness of this MAb for studying predator-prey interactions. Most predators fed either one or two pink bollworm eggs responded positively to the MAb in a serological analysis of gut contents. These data suggest that this MAb can be used as a diagnostic probe for gut content analysis of potential predators of pink bollworm eggs under field conditions. RP HAGLER, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 22 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 87 IS 1 BP 85 EP 90 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NM651 UT WOS:A1994NM65100007 ER PT J AU CHAMBERS, JC MACMAHON, JA AF CHAMBERS, JC MACMAHON, JA TI A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A SEED - MOVEMENTS AND FATES OF SEEDS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR NATURAL AND MANAGED SYSTEMS SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS LA English DT Review DE SEED FATES; SECONDARY DISPERSAL; PHASE II DISPERSAL; ABIOTIC AND BIOTIC INFLUENCES; BIOME DIFFERENCES ID HABITAT-CORRELATED VARIATION; MOUNT-ST-HELENS; SHRUB-STEPPE; DIASPORE MORPHOLOGY; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; TEMPORAL VARIATION; DISPERSAL SPECTRA; DISTURBANCE TYPE; ANNUAL GRASSLAND; RAIN-FOREST AB We develop a model that outlines the movements and fates of seeds after they leave the parent plant, and then we examine the relative influences of abiotic and biotic factors on those movements and fates. Phase I dispersal is movement of a seed from the parent to a surface, while Phase II dispersal includes subsequent horizontal or vertical movements. Although less studied, Phase Il dispersal is more likely to account for the patterning of plants in communities and ecosystems and is the focus of this review. Abiotic factors influence Phase II dispersal-the distance and type of movement depend on seed morphology, surface attributes, and the nature of the physical forces. Biotic factors (animals) move seeds to new sites passively either on body surfaces or by ingestion, or actively by consuming fruits or hoarding seeds. Animals also influence the movements of seeds through digging and burrowing activities. Arrival at microsites suitable for germination and establishment is critical and is affected not only by abiotic and biotic factors but also by seed morphology and germination responses. We emphasize that seed banks are much more dynamic than they are usually portrayed. Although often poorly quantified, seed mortality can occur at any point in the model. Sufficient differences exist among biomes that certain generalizations can be made regarding seed dynamics. Knowledge of seed movements and fates is essential for ecosystem restoration and conservation efforts and for the control of alien species in all biomes. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,LOGAN,UT 84322. UTAH STATE UNIV,CTR ECOL,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP CHAMBERS, JC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,920 VALLEY RD,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 159 TC 436 Z9 480 U1 23 U2 134 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4162 J9 ANNU REV ECOL SYST JI Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. PY 1994 VL 25 BP 263 EP 292 DI 10.1146/annurev.es.25.110194.001403 PG 30 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA PU883 UT WOS:A1994PU88300011 ER PT J AU HOUSTON, DR AF HOUSTON, DR TI MAJOR NEW TREE DISEASE EPIDEMICS - BEECH BARK DISEASE SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE BEECH SCALE; CRYPTOCOCCUS FAGISUGA; NECTRIA COCCINEA VAR FAGINATA; NECTRIA GALLIGENA; AMERICAN BEECH, FAGUS GRANDIFOLIA RP HOUSTON, DR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,51 MILL POND RD,HAMDEN,CT 06514, USA. NR 58 TC 122 Z9 127 U1 5 U2 41 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 1994 VL 32 BP 75 EP 87 DI 10.1146/annurev.py.32.090194.000451 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PH334 UT WOS:A1994PH33400009 ER PT J AU JOHANSEN, E EDWARDS, MC HAMPTON, RO AF JOHANSEN, E EDWARDS, MC HAMPTON, RO TI SEED TRANSMISSION OF VIRUSES - CURRENT PERSPECTIVES SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE VIRUS HOST-INTERACTIONS; REPLICATION; MOVEMENT; RESISTANCE; BARLEY STRIPE MOSAIC; PEA SEED-BORNE MOSAIC ID CUCUMBER MOSAIC-VIRUS; CHLOROTIC MOTTLE VIRUS; PEA SEED; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TRANSMITTED VIRUSES; MESOPHYLL PROTOPLASTS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; SYSTEMIC MOVEMENT; ANTIVIRAL PROTEIN; RNA REPLICATION C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP JOHANSEN, E (reprint author), DANISH INST PLANT & SOIL SCI,DK-2800 LYNGBY,DENMARK. RI Johansen, Ida/F-7792-2014 OI Johansen, Ida/0000-0001-8660-2018 NR 132 TC 72 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 16 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 1994 VL 32 BP 363 EP 386 PG 24 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PH334 UT WOS:A1994PH33400021 ER PT J AU RAGSDALE, NN SISLER, HD AF RAGSDALE, NN SISLER, HD TI SOCIAL AND POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS OF MANAGING PLANT-DISEASES WITH DECREASED AVAILABILITY OF FUNGICIDES IN THE UNITED-STATES SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE PESTICIDES; REGULATION; FOOD SAFETY; SCIENCE AND LAW; MINOR USE ID CHEMICAL CONTROL; PESTICIDES; WILL C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP RAGSDALE, NN (reprint author), USDA,NATL AGR PESTICIDE IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 43 TC 68 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 2 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 1994 VL 32 BP 545 EP 557 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PH334 UT WOS:A1994PH33400029 PM 19877846 ER PT J AU SHORT, TW BRIGGS, WR AF SHORT, TW BRIGGS, WR TI THE TRANSDUCTION OF BLUE-LIGHT SIGNALS IN HIGHER-PLANTS SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE BLUE LIGHT; B-TYPE CYTOCHROME; FLAVIN; PTERIN; GENE REGULATION; G-PROTEIN; LIGHT-INDUCED ABSORBENCY CHANGE (LIAC(1)); PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; PHYTOCHROME; STOMATA ID PLASMA-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; GUARD-CELL PROTOPLASTS; PHYTOCHROME-MEDIATED PHOTOTROPISM; PISUM-SATIVUM-L; INHIBITED HYPOCOTYL ELONGATION; REGULATED SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT; CYTOCHROME-FLAVIN COMPLEX; CHALCONE-SYNTHASE GENE; SORGHUM-VULGARE PERS; MESSENGER-RNA LEVEL C1 CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,DEPT PLANT BIOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP SHORT, TW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 184 TC 164 Z9 172 U1 5 U2 14 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4294 J9 ANNU REV PLANT PHYS JI Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Molec. Biol. PY 1994 VL 45 BP 143 EP 171 PG 29 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA NU959 UT WOS:A1994NU95900007 ER PT J AU CARR, ME AF CARR, ME GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI PREPARATION OF STARCH DERIVATIVES BY REACTIVE EXTRUSION SO ANTEC 94 - PLASTICS: GATE WAY TO THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers on Plastics: Gateway to the Future CY MAY 01-05, 1994 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD PHYS CHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 PY 1994 BP 1444 EP 1448 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BA73Y UT WOS:A1994BA73Y00266 ER PT J AU WILLETT, JL WESTHOFF, RP AF WILLETT, JL WESTHOFF, RP GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI TENSILE PROPERTIES OF STARCH POLYETHYLENE BLENDS - A COMPOSITE THEORY ANALYSIS SO ANTEC 94 - PLASTICS: GATE WAY TO THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers on Plastics: Gateway to the Future CY MAY 01-05, 1994 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 PY 1994 BP 1572 EP 1576 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BA73Y UT WOS:A1994BA73Y00291 ER PT B AU SCHNEIDER, JP MYERS, GE CLEMONS, CM ENGLISH, BW AF SCHNEIDER, JP MYERS, GE CLEMONS, CM ENGLISH, BW GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI BIOFIBERS AS REINFORCING FILLERS IN THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES SO ANTEC 94 - PLASTICS: GATE WAY TO THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers on Plastics: Gateway to the Future CY MAY 01-05, 1994 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 PY 1994 BP 1840 EP 1845 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BA73Y UT WOS:A1994BA73Y00347 ER PT J AU KURTZMAN, CP ROBNETT, CJ AF KURTZMAN, CP ROBNETT, CJ TI SYNONYMY OF THE YEAST GENERA WINGEA AND DEBARYOMYCES SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DEBARYOMYCES; PHYLOGENY; RIBOSOMAL RNA; TAXONOMY; WINGEA; YEASTS ID RNA SEQUENCE DIVERGENCE; 18S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; COENZYME-Q SYSTEM; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; PICHIA; SCHWANNIOMYCES; CLASSIFICATION; REASSOCIATION; ORGANISMS AB Extent of divergence in partial nucleotide sequences from large and small subunit ribosomal RNAs was used to estimate the evolutionary relationship between the genera Wingea and Debaryomyces. These data showed the monotypic genus Wingea to be congeneric with Debaryomyces, and it is proposed to transfer W. robertsii to Debaryomyces. RP KURTZMAN, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PY 1994 VL 66 IS 4 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1007/BF00882770 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QC452 UT WOS:A1994QC45200008 PM 7710282 ER PT J AU LOPER, GM DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G AF LOPER, GM DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G TI DOES IN-HIVE POLLEN TRANSFER BY HONEY-BEES CONTRIBUTE TO CROSS-POLLINATION AND SEED SET IN HYBRID COTTON SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE FORAGING BEHAVIOR; POLLEN TRANSFER; GOSSYPIUM; HYBRID; POLLINATION ID PIMA COTTON; HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; UPLAND AB Whether or not sufficient amounts of cotton pollen are transferred among nestmates in honey bee hives to influence cross-pollination and seed set in cotton was tested. Honey bees foraged on genetic cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) cotton flowers in greater numbers than on male fertile (MF) flowers, and most of the foragers on MF flowers collected nectar rather than pollen. Pollen-free worker bees either pinned at the hive entrance or released in the hive obtained very little cotton pollen on their bodies from nestmate contacts, although all of them obtained large amounts of pollen from other plant species. Seed set on CMS plants did not decrease significantly with distance from MF plants in 1988 when foraging activity on CMS plants was high relative to that in 1989. In 1989 when there was less foraging activity on CMS flowers, seed set on CMS plants decreased significantly with distance from the MF row. These studies indicate that there were insufficient numbers of honey bees returning to their colonies with significant amounts of cotton pollen on their bodies to ensure effective transfer of cotton pollen among nestmates in the hive. RP LOPER, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PY 1994 VL 25 IS 1 BP 94 EP 102 DI 10.1051/apido:19940110 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MW992 UT WOS:A1994MW99200010 ER PT J AU MEIXNER, MD SHEPPARD, WS DIETZ, A KRELL, R AF MEIXNER, MD SHEPPARD, WS DIETZ, A KRELL, R TI MORPHOLOGICAL AND ALLOZYME VARIABILITY IN HONEY-BEES FROM KENYA SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE APIS-MELLIFERA-MONTICOLA; APIS-MELLIFERA-SCUTELLATA; ALLOZYMES; MORPHOMETRY; KENYA ID APIS-MELLIFERA; ENZYME POLYMORPHISM; POPULATIONS; BRAZIL; SYSTEMATICS AB 43 samples of honey bees from three different regions in Kenya were analyzed morphometrically and surveyed for electrophoretic variation at five enzyme loci (malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, malic enzyme, esterase and hexokinase). Discriminant analysis of the morphometrical measurements classified most samples from above 2000 m as Apis mellifera monticola and samples from below as A m scutellata. Some samples collected in the Ngong region (2000 m) had intermediate positions in this analysis. All enzyme loci in the study were polymorphic, with Est and HK showing the highest degree of polymorphism. For ME, PGM and Est, new alleles are reported. A homogeneity Chi2 test showed significant heterogeneity between members of the two subspecies. Analysis of the allozyme data by a Distance Wagner procedure resulted in two main clusters, consisting of A m monticola from Mt Elgon and Mt Kenya in one and all other populations in a second cluster. Savanna and mountain bees from Ngong formed a separate subcluster. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that the disjunct A m monticola populations are descendants of a common ancestor now restricted to mountain refugia. C1 IST SPERIMENTALE ZOOL AGR,SEZ APICOLTURA,I-00156 ROME,ITALY. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP MEIXNER, MD (reprint author), JW GOETHE UNIV,POLYTECH GESELL,INST BIENENKUNDE,KARL VON FRISCH WEG 2,D-61440 OBERURSEL,GERMANY. NR 30 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PY 1994 VL 25 IS 2 BP 188 EP 202 DI 10.1051/apido:19940207 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NJ988 UT WOS:A1994NJ98800010 ER PT J AU DANKA, RG LOPER, GM VILLA, JD WILLIAMS, JL SUGDEN, EA COLLINS, AM RINDERER, TE AF DANKA, RG LOPER, GM VILLA, JD WILLIAMS, JL SUGDEN, EA COLLINS, AM RINDERER, TE TI ABATING FERAL AFRICANIZED HONEY-BEES (APIS-MELLIFERA L) TO ENHANCE MATING CONTROL OF EUROPEAN QUEENS SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE AFRICANIZED HONEY BEE; MATING CONTROL; AVERMECTIN; ACEPHATE; ABATEMENT; PEST CONTROL ID BAITING SYSTEM; HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE; AREA AB Abatement of local feral honey-bee colonies was tested as a method to increase the mating control of European queens produced in an Africanized area. Feral colonies within 2 km of a commercial mating apiary at Belen, Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica were targeted. Thirty-eight feral colonies were discovered in the 12.5-km2 study plot between 13 May and 6 June 1992. Abatement techniques included dispensing avermectin-ivermectin paste (applied manually to the abdominal tergites of drones captured during mating flights) and acephate-treated sucrose syrup bait (retrieved by foragers), and spraying nests directly with pyrethroids. Twenty-one of the known colonies were killed or severely weakened by treatments made between 27 May and 5 June. Mating control in pre-abatement (n = 27) and post-abatement (n = 26) queens was estimated by measuring changes in morphology and in frequencies of allozymes (malate dehydrogenase-1(100) and hexokinase-1(100)) of worker progeny relative to reference populations of workers from local Africanized (n = 35) and imported European (n = 23) colonies. Five of 23 morphological features shifted significantly toward the European form after abatement. Significantly more post-abatement colonies (85%) than pre-abatement colonies (63%) were classified by multivariate discriminant analysis as European (ie with a probability of Africanization of < 50%). Paternal frequencies of both allozymes were shifted significantly toward European frequencies following abatement; malate dehydrogenase decreased 26% and hexokinase increased 43%. Overall the results suggest that abatement may be useful in augmenting other mating control methods (eg, drone flooding and controlling mating times) but that it is probably not feasible as a unilateral approach to achieving acceptable mating control in heavily Africanized areas. C1 USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,HONEY BEE RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP DANKA, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PY 1994 VL 25 IS 6 BP 520 EP 529 DI 10.1051/apido:19940602 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PZ330 UT WOS:A1994PZ33000002 ER PT B AU STEINER, WWM AF STEINER, WWM BE Narang, SK Bartlett, AC Faust, RM TI GENETICS AND INSECT BIOTYPES - EVOLUTIONARY AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS SO APPLICATIONS OF GENETICS TO ARTHROPODS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL SIGNIFICANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium/Workshop on Genetic Applications to Arthropods of Biological Control Significance, at the XIX International Congress of Entomology CY 1992 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA C1 USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,COLUMBIA,MO. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-2607-9 PY 1994 BP 1 EP 17 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BB88G UT WOS:A1994BB88G00001 ER PT B AU NARANG, SK TABACHNICK, WJ FAUST, RM AF NARANG, SK TABACHNICK, WJ FAUST, RM BE Narang, SK Bartlett, AC Faust, RM TI COMPLEXITIES OF POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL PROGRAMS SO APPLICATIONS OF GENETICS TO ARTHROPODS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL SIGNIFICANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium/Workshop on Genetic Applications to Arthropods of Biological Control Significance, at the XIX International Congress of Entomology CY 1992 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA C1 USDA,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58102. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-2607-9 PY 1994 BP 19 EP 52 PG 34 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BB88G UT WOS:A1994BB88G00002 ER PT B AU NARANG, SK LEOPOLD, RA KRUEGER, CM DEVAULT, JD AF NARANG, SK LEOPOLD, RA KRUEGER, CM DEVAULT, JD BE Narang, SK Bartlett, AC Faust, RM TI DICHOTOMOUS RAPD-PCR KEY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF 4 SPECIES OF PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA SO APPLICATIONS OF GENETICS TO ARTHROPODS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL SIGNIFICANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium/Workshop on Genetic Applications to Arthropods of Biological Control Significance, at the XIX International Congress of Entomology CY 1992 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA C1 USDA,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58102. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-2607-9 PY 1994 BP 53 EP 67 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BB88G UT WOS:A1994BB88G00003 ER PT B AU COHEN, AC STATEN, RT AF COHEN, AC STATEN, RT BE Narang, SK Bartlett, AC Faust, RM TI LONG-TERM CULTURING AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF PREDATORY BIG-EYED BUGS, GEOCORIS-PUNCTIPES SO APPLICATIONS OF GENETICS TO ARTHROPODS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL SIGNIFICANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium/Workshop on Genetic Applications to Arthropods of Biological Control Significance, at the XIX International Congress of Entomology CY 1992 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-2607-9 PY 1994 BP 121 EP 132 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BB88G UT WOS:A1994BB88G00007 ER PT B AU BARTLETT, AC AF BARTLETT, AC BE Narang, SK Bartlett, AC Faust, RM TI MAINTAINING GENETIC DIVERSITY IN LABORATORY COLONIES OF PARASITES AND PREDATORS SO APPLICATIONS OF GENETICS TO ARTHROPODS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL SIGNIFICANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium/Workshop on Genetic Applications to Arthropods of Biological Control Significance, at the XIX International Congress of Entomology CY 1992 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-2607-9 PY 1994 BP 133 EP 145 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BB88G UT WOS:A1994BB88G00008 ER PT B AU HEILMANN, LJ DEVAULT, JD LEOPOLD, RL NARANG, SK AF HEILMANN, LJ DEVAULT, JD LEOPOLD, RL NARANG, SK BE Narang, SK Bartlett, AC Faust, RM TI IMPROVEMENT OF NATURAL ENEMIES FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL - A GENETIC ENGINEERING APPROACH SO APPLICATIONS OF GENETICS TO ARTHROPODS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL SIGNIFICANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium/Workshop on Genetic Applications to Arthropods of Biological Control Significance, at the XIX International Congress of Entomology CY 1992 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA C1 USDA,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58102. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-2607-9 PY 1994 BP 167 EP 189 PG 23 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BB88G UT WOS:A1994BB88G00011 ER PT J AU HILL, DS STEIN, JI TORKEWITZ, NR MORSE, AM HOWELL, CR PACHLATKO, JP BECKER, JO LIGON, JM AF HILL, DS STEIN, JI TORKEWITZ, NR MORSE, AM HOWELL, CR PACHLATKO, JP BECKER, JO LIGON, JM TI CLONING OF GENES INVOLVED IN THE SYNTHESIS OF PYRROLNITRIN FROM PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS AND ROLE OF PYRROLNITRIN SYNTHESIS IN BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF PLANT-DISEASE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI; BLACK ROOT-ROT; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; COTTON SEEDLINGS; DAMPING-OFF; RHIZOSPHERE; SUPPRESSION; BIOSYNTHESIS; PATHOGENS AB A soil isolate of Pseudomonas fluorescens (BL915) was shown to be an effective antagonist of Rhizoctonia solani-induced damping-off of cotton. Investigation of the biological basis of this antagonism revealed that the strain produces pyrrolnitrin, a secondary metabolite known to inhibit R. solani and other fungi. Mutants of strain BL915 that did not produce pyrrolnitrin and did not suppress damping-off of cotton by R. solani were generated by exposure to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. A gene region that was capable of restoring pyrrolnitrin production to the non-pyrrolnitrin-producing mutants and of conferring this ability upon two other P. fluorescens strains not otherwise known to produce this compound or to be capable of suppressing damping-off caused by R. solani was isolated from strain BL915. The non-pyrrolnitrin-producing strains (mutants of BL915 and the other two P. fluorescens strains) which synthesized pyrrolnitrin after the introduction of the gene region from strain BL915 were also shown to be equal to strain BL915 in their ability to suppress R. solani-induced damping-off of cotton. These results indicate that we have isolated from P. fluorescens BL915 a gene(s) that has a role in the synthesis of pyrrolnitrin and that the production of this compound has a role in the ability of this strain to control damping-off of cotton by R. solani. C1 CIBA GEIGY CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. CIBA GEIGY LTD,CH-4002 BASEL,SWITZERLAND. USDA ARS,COTTON PATHOL RES UNIT,COLL STN,TX 77845. NR 40 TC 80 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 60 IS 1 BP 78 EP 85 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MP512 UT WOS:A1994MP51200012 PM 16349167 ER PT J AU RODRIGUEZ, SB MAHONEY, NE AF RODRIGUEZ, SB MAHONEY, NE TI INHIBITION OF AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION BY SURFACTANTS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS; CAFFEINE INHIBITION; BIOSYNTHESIS; IDENTIFICATION; FLAVUS AB The effect of 12 surfactants on aflatoxin production, growth, and conidial germination by the fungus Aspergillus flavus is reported. Five nonionic surfactants, Triton X-100, Tergitol NP-7, Tergitol NP-10, polyoxyethylene (POE) 10 lauryl ether, and Latron AG-98, reduced aflatoxin production by % to 99% at 1% (wt/vol). Colony growth was restricted by the five nonionic surfactants at this concentration. Aflatoxin production was inhibited 31 to 53% by lower concentrations of Triton X-100 (0.001 to 0.0001%) at which colony growth was not affected. Triton X-301, a POE-derived anionic surfactant, had an effect on colony growth and aflatoxin production similar to that of the five POE-derived nonionic surfactants. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant, and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, a cationic surfactant, suppressed conidial germination at 1% (wt/vol). SDS had no effect on aflatoxin production or colony growth at 0.001%. The degree of aflatoxin inhibition by a surfactant appears to be a function of the length of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic chains of POE-derived surfactants. C1 USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 33 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 60 IS 1 BP 106 EP 110 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MP512 UT WOS:A1994MP51200016 PM 16349144 ER PT J AU ROUDA, RR ANDERSON, DM WALLACE, JD MURRAY, LW AF ROUDA, RR ANDERSON, DM WALLACE, JD MURRAY, LW TI FREE-RANGING CATTLE WATER-CONSUMPTION IN SOUTH-CENTRAL NEW-MEXICO SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DRINKING BEHAVIOR; CATTLE; FEEDING; NUTRITION; GRAZING ID DAIRY-COWS; FORAGE AB Water-drinking behavior of 67 free-ranging protein supplemented and nonsupplemented beef cattle was examined between May 23 and 16 July 1986, in southcentral New Mexico. The lactating and nonlactating cows had a mean liveweight of 383 kg and were maintained as a single herd, and separated only during supplementation with an automated sorting and single animal electronic identification system. Mean daily water consumption was 57 l day-1 (161 (100 kg liveweight)-1) at a rate of 201 min-1 under mean mid-range ambient air temperatures between 14 and 24-degrees-C. Water consumed by cows supplemented at 0.7 kg head-1 day-1 and 1.4 kg head-1 day-1 fed every 5.9 days and 3.5 days, respectively, was 14 l (100 kg liveweight)-1 and 15 l (100 kg liveweight)-1 (P = 0.7238), respectively. In contrast, nonsupplemented cows consumed more (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.0015) water (17 l (100 kg liveweight)-1) than supplemented cows. Lactating cows consumed more water (P < 0.0001) than nonlactating cows (19 l (100 kg live weight)-1 and 12 l (100 kg liveweight)-1, respectively). One drinking event every 24 h was sufficient to satisfy cows 94% of the time. Neither supplement level nor lactation affected (P > 0.05 ) daily watering frequency. Water intake was negatively correlated to predrinking liveweight (r = -0.19; P < 0.01) and the current day's maximum ambient air temperature if greater than or equal to 30-degrees-C (r= -0.11; P < 0.02). Water intake was not correlated to temperatures greater-than-or-equal-to 30-degrees-C. Water consumption was positively correlated to relative humidities between 15 and 86% (r = 0.17; P < 0.01 ). Water consumption was not correlated (P > 0.05) with the mid-range or maximum ambient air temperatures of the current or previous day. Our findings indicate large feedings of protein reduced water consumption, probably as a consequence of lower forage intake. Lactation increased water requirements and liveweight was a poor predictor of water needs. Water consumption is affected by biotic and abiotic factors other than those we evaluated. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,USDA,DEPT 3JER,JORNADA EXPTL RANGE,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT EXPTL STAT,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 39 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1016/0168-1591(94)90013-2 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA MY887 UT WOS:A1994MY88700003 ER PT B AU HAPEMAN, CJ SHELTON, DR LEESON, A AF HAPEMAN, CJ SHELTON, DR LEESON, A BE Hinchee, RE Anderson, DB Metting, FB Sayles, GD TI OPTIMIZING OZONATION AND MICROBIAL PROCESSES TO REMEDIATE ATRAZINE-LADEN WASTE SO APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR SITE REMEDIATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on In Situ and On-Site Bioreclamation CY APR, 1993 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP BATTELLE MEM INST C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-87371-982-4 PY 1994 BP 49 EP 59 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Environmental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA BB80V UT WOS:A1994BB80V00004 ER PT J AU GUO, ZH SEVERSON, RF WAGNER, GJ AF GUO, ZH SEVERSON, RF WAGNER, GJ TI BIOSYNTHESIS OF THE DITERPENE CIS-ABIENOL IN CELL-FREE-EXTRACTS OF TOBACCO TRICHOMES SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SAGE SALVIA-OFFICINALIS; RICINUS-COMMUNIS L; PARTIAL-PURIFICATION; FARNESYL PYROPHOSPHATE; GLANDULAR TRICHOMES; MONOTERPENE CYCLASE; KAURENE SYNTHETASE; MARAH-MACROCARPUS; SUCROSE ESTERS; CONVERSION C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCHEM MOLEC BIOL PROGRAM,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,PHYTOCHEM RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 40 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 308 IS 1 BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.1006/abbi.1994.1015 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA MW719 UT WOS:A1994MW71900015 PM 8311442 ER PT J AU FLEET, JC WOOD, RJ AF FLEET, JC WOOD, RJ TI IDENTIFICATION OF CALBINDIN D-9K MESSENGER-RNA AND ITS REGULATION BY 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3 IN CACO-2 CELLS SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEIN; VITAMIN-D RECEPTOR; MOLECULAR-CLONING; MESSENGER-RNA; RAT; CDNA; INTESTINE RP FLEET, JC (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,MINERAL BIOAVAILABIL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 19 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 308 IS 1 BP 171 EP 174 DI 10.1006/abbi.1994.1024 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA MW719 UT WOS:A1994MW71900024 PM 8311449 ER PT J AU BOROVSKY, D CARLSON, DA UJVARY, I PRESTWICH, GD AF BOROVSKY, D CARLSON, DA UJVARY, I PRESTWICH, GD TI BIOSYNTHESIS OF (1OR)-JUVENILE HORMONE-III FROM FARNESOIC ACID BY AEDES-AEGYPTI OVARY SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental and Endocrine Regulation of Insect Reproduction, at the XIX International Congress of Entomology CY JUL 04, 1992 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA DE HORMONE; HPLC; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; TISSUE CULTURE; METHOXYHYDRIN DERIVATIVE ID JUVENILE-HORMONE; CORPORA ALLATA; CULEX-PIPIENS; MOSQUITO; INVITRO; RESPONSIVENESS; CRUSTACEAN; METABOLISM; CYCLE AB Synthesis of (10R)-juvenile hormone III (JH III) outside the corpora allata (CA) was investigated in female Aedes aegypti. Intact females or ligated abdomens of blood-fed and sugar-fed females synthesized in vivo [12-H-3]JH III-like molecules from [12-H-3]-methyl farnesoate, indicating that an organ(s) in the female abdomen, other than the CA, converted methyl farnesoate into JH III. To find out the organ(s) that synthesized JH III-like molecules, ovaries, fat bodies, and midguts were incubated in vitro with [12-H-3]methyl farnesoate and the synthesis of JH-III-like molecules was compared with JH III synthesized by CA. To identify tissue(s) having both farnesoic acid methyl transferase and farnesoate epoxidase, enzymes that convert farnesoic acid into JH III, ovaries, and fat bodies were removed from sugar and blood-fed females and incubated with [12-H-3]farnesoic acid. Chemical derivatization by methoxyhydrin formation followed by esterification with (+)-alpha-methoxy-alpha-trifluoromethyl phenylacetic (MTPA) acid chloride and reversed phase liquid chromatography identified (10R)-JH III methoxyhydrin (+)-MTPA ester as the sole JH III-like molecule produced in tissue culture incubation of ovaries. Since only (10R)-JH III is produced and not racemic JH III, the oxidation of farnesoic acid must be enzymatically mediated. Ovaries and corpora allata of female A. aegypti also synthesized [H-3,C-14]JH III from L-[methyl-H-3]methionine and [C-14]acetate which was characterized by HPLC and gas chromatography. These results suggest that mosquito ovary can synthesize (10R)-JH III from farnesoic acid, and that this tissue synthesizes JH III-like molecules from L-methionine and acetate. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,INSECTS AFFECTING MAN & ANIM RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT CHEM,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RP BOROVSKY, D (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,FLORIDA MED ENTOMOL LAB,200 9TH ST SE,VERO BEACH,FL 32962, USA. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1994 VL 27 IS 1 BP 11 EP 25 DI 10.1002/arch.940270104 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA PD600 UT WOS:A1994PD60000003 ER PT J AU BOROVSKY, D SONG, QS MA, MC CARLSON, DA AF BOROVSKY, D SONG, QS MA, MC CARLSON, DA TI BIOSYNTHESIS, SECRETION, AND IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY OF TRYPSIN MODULATING OOSTATIC FACTOR OF AEDES-AEGYPTI SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental and Endocrine Regulation of Insect Reproduction, at the XIX International Congress of Entomology CY JUL 04, 1992 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA DE HORMONE; HPLC; OVARY; ANTIBODY; PAGE; PULSE-CHASE ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MOSQUITO; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS; HORMONE; MIDGUT; ELISA AB Trypsin modulating oostatic factor (TMOF) was followed by RIA in the ovary of female Aedes aegypti before and after the blood meal. The amount of TMOF in a pair of ovaries from females fed sugar for 3 days or blood for 24 h was low (1.7 ng). Between 24 and 48 h after the blood meal the amount of TMOF in the ovaries rapidly increased and reached a peak of 104 ng at 48 h. The amount of TMOF in the head of a female A. aegypti was very low (0.05 to 0.1 ng) during sugar and blood feeding. Immunocytochemical methodology identified the follicular epithelium as the site of biosynthesis of TMOF in the ovary. Females ovariectomized and fed a blood meal continued to synthesize trypsin for 64 h, whereas intact controls stopped at 40 h, indicating that a factor from the ovary regulates trypsin biosynthesis. Ovaries incubated in vitro with [H-3]proline synthesized [pro-H-3]TMOF that was identified by HPLC and by anti-TMOF serum. The ovary started to synthesize TMOF in vitro 24 h after the blood meal, and the synthesis reached a peak at 36 h and then declined. The synthesis of TMOF by the ovary is closely correlated with the termination oi trypsin biosynthesis in the female mosquito's midgut. Ovaries that were pulsed with [3H]proline for 30 min synthesized [pro-H-3]TMOF which was chased into the medium with unlabeled proline, indicating that the hormone is secreted by the ovary. These results indicate that TMOF is a secretory peptide, synthesized by the ovarian follicular epithelium and that it modulates trypsin biosynthesis in the mosquito's gut. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP BOROVSKY, D (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,FLORIDA MED ENTOMOL LAB,200 9TH ST SE,VERO BEACH,FL 32962, USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1994 VL 27 IS 1 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1002/arch.940270105 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA PD600 UT WOS:A1994PD60000004 ER PT J AU CHANG, F JANG, EB HSU, CL MA, MC JURD, L AF CHANG, F JANG, EB HSU, CL MA, MC JURD, L TI BENZODIOXOLE-1,3-BENZODIOXOLE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF INSECTS SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental and Endocrine Regulation of Insect Reproduction, at the XIX International Congress of Entomology CY JUL 04, 1992 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA DE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY; JUVENILE HORMONE; MITROTUBULES; CHEMOSTERILANT; CERATITIS CAPITATA ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; CERATITIS-CAPITATA WIEDEMANN; BENZYL-1,3-BENZODIOXOLE DERIVATIVES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; SUBSTITUTED BENZYLPHENOLS; FLIES DIPTERA; BENZODIOXOLE; TEPHRITIDAE; TUBULIN; J2581 AB Alkyl ethers of methylenedioxy analogs of obtusastryene or benzyl-1,3-benzodioxole derivatives (BBDs) and related benzylphenols have been shown to interfere with various phases of reproduction in insects. BBDs have also been shown to interfere with sex attractancy, to induce precocious development, and to antagonize juvenile hormone (IH) functions in insects. Because representative BBDs were reported to show low toxicity to mammals and to be negative in assays testing for potential mutagens, these compounds held much promise to be environmentally safe insect chemosterilants. The mode of action of BBDs does not involve blocking or competition for putative JH receptor sites on follicular cells or hemolymph JH binding proteins. However, BBDs were shown to interfere with (1) in vitro biosynthesis and release ofJH from corpora allata of Mediterranean fruit fly females, and (2) microtubule assembly in insects. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEG RES LAB,HILO,HI 96720. UNIV HAWAII,DEPT ENTOMOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822. UNIV HAWAII,DEPT ANAT & REPROD BIOL,PACIFIC BIOMED RES PROGRAM,HONOLULU,HI 96822. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1994 VL 27 IS 1 BP 39 EP 51 DI 10.1002/arch.940270106 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA PD600 UT WOS:A1994PD60000005 ER PT J AU GIEBULTOWICZ, JM JOY, JE RIEMANN, JG RAINA, AK AF GIEBULTOWICZ, JM JOY, JE RIEMANN, JG RAINA, AK TI CHANGES IN PROTEIN-PATTERNS IN SPERM AND VAS-DEFERENS DURING THE DAILY RHYTHM OF SPERM RELEASE IN THE GYPSY-MOTH SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental and Endocrine Regulation of Insect Reproduction, at the XIX International Congress of Entomology CY JUL 04, 1992 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA DE CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS; SECRETION; EPITHELIUM; SPERM BUNDLES; LYMANTRIA DISPAR ID SYSTEM CONTROLLING RELEASE; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; LEPIDOPTERA; TESTIS; LIGHT AB In the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, the release of sperm bundles from the testis into the upper vas deferens (UVD) is precisely timed within each 24 h period by a circadian mechanism located in the reproductive system. in males kept under light:dark cycles of 16:8, release of sperm bundles is limited to the 3 h period that. starts before lights off. Sperm released from the testis remains in the UVD for about 12 h and then moves into the seminal vesicles, so that the UVD stays empty until the next cycle of sperm release begins. The rhythm of release appears to play a role in the terminal stages of sperm maturation and is essential for the fertility of males. Sperm bundles undergo substantial morphological changes during the release from the testis and while they are retained in the UVD. In this study, using gel electrophoresis, we compared protein patterns in sperm and in the UVD during the daily cycle of sperm release and maturation. Several protein bands evident in the sperm bundles contained in the testis were missing from the sperm bundles that had passed from the testis into the UVD. Furthermore, a number of new proteins appeared in the sperm bundles as they remained in the UVD. Some of these proteins appeared to be secreted from the UVD epithelium into the UVD lumen before being incorporated into sperm bundles. Correlations between changes in protein patterns and ultrastructural changes in sperm during the cycle of sperm release and maturation are discussed. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ZOOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. ST ELIZABETH HOSP,NIMH,CTR NEUROSCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20032. USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RP GIEBULTOWICZ, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BARC E,BLDG 306,R 322,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1994 VL 27 IS 1 BP 65 EP 75 DI 10.1002/arch.940270108 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA PD600 UT WOS:A1994PD60000007 ER PT J AU ZIMOWSKA, G MIKOLAJCZYK, P SILHACEK, DL OBERLANDER, H AF ZIMOWSKA, G MIKOLAJCZYK, P SILHACEK, DL OBERLANDER, H TI CHITIN SYNTHESIS IN SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA WING IMAGINAL DISKS .2. SELECTIVE ACTION OF CHLORFLUAZURON ON WHEAT-GERM-AGGLUTININ BINDING AND CUTICLE ULTRASTRUCTURE SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ECDYSTEROID; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; BENZOYLPHENYL UREA; TISSUE CULTURE ID DIFLUBENZURON; INVITRO; DISKS; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; MORPHOGENESIS; DROSOPHILA; INTEGUMENT; INHIBITION; SECRETION; INVIVO AB The action of the chitin synthesis inhibitor, chlorfluazuron, was investigated in Spodoptera frugiperda wing imaginal discs cultured in vitro. Electron microscopy and cytochemical labeling with a lectin, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), were used to monitor morphogenesis, as well as the presence and localization of chitin and non-polymerized N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc). Chlorfluazuron (CFA) selectively inhibited 20- hydroxyecdysone-stimulated chitin synthesis and procuticle deposition in imaginal discs, without otherwise affecting their morphogenesis. Tracheole migration, evagination, exocytosis, and endocytosis in the epithelial cells, and the presence of non-polymerized GlcNAc in the extracellular matrix, were observed in both CFA-treated and control wing discs. On the other hand, CFA prevented the appearance of WGA-labeled chitin in newly formed procuticle, while the deposition oi proteinaceous cuticulin and epicuticle was unaffected. A brief treatment with CFA resulted in WGA labeling of non-polymerized GlcNAc, but not chitin in the procuticle region. The lack of chitin in CFA treated wing discs was correlated with the appearance of an amorphous, non-lamellar procuticle region. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. UNIV WARSAW,DEPT INVERTEBRATE PHYSIOL,WARSAW,POLAND. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1994 VL 27 IS 2 BP 89 EP 108 DI 10.1002/arch.940270203 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA PH350 UT WOS:A1994PH35000002 ER PT J AU XU, G BULL, DL AF XU, G BULL, DL TI ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE FROM THE HORN FLY (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) .2. BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR-PROPERTIES SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HAEMATOBIA IRRITANS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; KINETICS; INHIBITION; MOLECULAR FORM ID HESPERUS KNIGHT HEMIPTERA; FLIES DIPTERA; HEAD ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; RESISTANCE; INSECTICIDE; FORMS; POLYMORPHISM; MANAGEMENT; DROSOPHILA; MIRIDAE AB Purified acetylchol inesterase (AChE) of the horn fly was characterized to elucidate the enzymological, inhibitory, and molecular properties of the enzyme. Maximum activity of the AChE against the substrate acetylthiocholine (ATCh) occurred when reactions were conducted at 37 degrees C and pH 7.5. Km and V-max values were (9.2 +/- 0.35) x 10(-6) M and 239.8 +/- 10.8 units/mg, respectively, for ATCh and (1.5 +/- 0.07) x 10(-5) M and 138.5 +/- 5.5 units/mg, respectively, for butyrylthiocholine (BTCh). The activity of AChE decreased when concentrations of ATCh or BTCh were higher than 1 mM. Studies of the interaction of AChE with different inhibitors revealed pl(50) values of 8.88 for eserine, 6.90 for BW284C51, and 4.97 for ethopropazine. Bimolecular reaction constants (k(is)) for the organophosphorus (OP) anticholinesterases were (2.74 +/- 0.14) x 10(6) M(-1) min(-1) for coroxon, (7.20 +/- 0.28) x 10(5) M(-1) min(-1) for paraoxon, and (2.33 +/- 0.12) x 10(5) M(-1) min(-1) for stirofos. Two major forms of native AChE molecules were found on non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) with Triton X-100, corresponding to bands AChE-2 and AChE-4 found on PAGE without Triton X-100. AChE-2 had an estimated molecular weight of 603,000 and was amphiphilic. AChE-4 had a molecular weight of 147,000 and was hydrophilic. Results of PAGE analyses indicated that the purified enzyme had two bands, one of about 123 kDa and the other greater than 320 kDa, prior to disulfide reduction and only one band at about 54 kDa after reduction on SDS-PACE. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP XU, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,F&B RD,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1994 VL 27 IS 2 BP 109 EP 121 DI 10.1002/arch.940270204 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA PH350 UT WOS:A1994PH35000003 ER PT J AU SHIRK, PD OGREN, KL AF SHIRK, PD OGREN, KL TI REDUCED APPENDAGE - A MUTATION AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT OF PUPAL AND ADULT APPENDAGES OF THE MOTH, PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IMAGINAL DISKS; MORPHOGENESIS; METAMORPHOSIS; DISC EVAGINATION; INDIANMEAL MOTH ID DROSOPHILA IMAGINAL DISKS; MELANOGASTER; EVAGINATION; MECHANISM; MORPHOGENESIS; INVITRO; GROWTH; LEG AB A mutant that results in the reduced length of pupal and adult appendages was isolated from a laboratory colony of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner). ''Reduced appendage'' (rda) was determined to be an autosomal recessive mutation that affects the development of pupal and adult appendages during the larval/pupal molt. The rda mutation had no observed effect on the larval phenotype. After pupation, the appendages of rda were reduced in size as compared with wild-type. in addition, unsclerotized cuticle underlying the pupal appendages was exposed and the establishment of the boundary between the unsclerotized and sclerotized pupal abdominal cuticle appeared normal even though the imaginal discs of rda did not evaginate normally. This demonstrates that rda affects only imaginal discs and that the morphogenesis of structures that were not derived from the imaginal discs were not dependent on interactions with evagination of imaginal discs. Although the rda phenotype resulted in shorter antennae, mouth parts, legs, and wings in pupae and adults, the mutation did not affect the number of cells comprising the imaginal discs or the pupal appendages. Cell counts showed that forewing imaginal discs and pupal forewings from the rda mutants contained the same number of cells as did the imaginal discs and wings from the wild-type strain. Thus, rda appears to affect processes related to disc evagination and not cell proliferation. (C) 1944 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* RP SHIRK, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1994 VL 27 IS 3 BP 179 EP 191 DI 10.1002/arch.940270304 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA PM923 UT WOS:A1994PM92300003 ER PT J AU COUDRON, TA JONES, D JONES, G AF COUDRON, TA JONES, D JONES, G TI PREMATURE PRODUCTION OF LATE LARVAL STORAGE PROTEINS IN LARVAE OF TRICHOPLUSIA-NI PARASITIZED BY EUPLECTRUS-COMSTOCKII SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HYMENOPTERA; VENOM; HOST HEMOLYMPH; PLASMA PROTEINS; REGULATION ID CALPODES-ETHLIUS LEPIDOPTERA; HEMOLYMPH-PROTEINS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; FAT-BODY; GALLERIA-MELLONELLA; TOBACCO HORNWORM; BOMBYX-MORI; PLATHYPENAE HYMENOPTERA; APANTELES-CONGREGATUS; HORMONAL-REGULATION AB Investigations were conducted to determine the titer of storage proteins in larvae of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), that were parasitized by the ectoparasitoid Euplectrus comslockii Howard (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). A gradual increase was noted in the titer of the storage proteins present in the hemolymph of parasitized third and fourth instar larvae and in the hemolymph of isolated thoracic and abdominal tissues of fourth instar larvae. The final amount present in parasitized third and fourth instar larvae was similar to that found in nonparasitized fifth instar larvae. The stimulation of storage proteins in envenomed larvae demonstrates the ability (competence) of early larval stages to produce a gene product that normally occurs in the last larval stadium of the lepidopteran larval host. The gene expression necessary for storage protein production in isolated tissues may be altered by mechanisms separate from inherent developmental processes and the intact endocrine system. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,GRAD CTR TOXICOL,LEXINGTON,KY. UNIV KENTUCKY,SCH BIOL SCI,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. RP COUDRON, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,POB 7629,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1994 VL 26 IS 2-3 BP 97 EP 109 DI 10.1002/arch.940260204 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA NR131 UT WOS:A1994NR13100003 ER PT J AU LOEB, MJ AF LOEB, MJ TI CHARACTERIZATION OF GENITAL-TRACT GROWTH FACTOR-LIKE ACTIVITY FROM TESTIS SHEATHS AND FAT-BODY OF HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MALE REPRODUCTION; LEPIDOPTERA; GROWTH FACTORS ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; INVITRO; PURIFICATION; LEPIDOPTERA; CELLS; POLYPEPTIDE; HEMOLYMPH; FAMILY; LARVAE AB Testis sheaths and fat body from developing male pupae of Heliothis virescens synthesize soluble growth factor-like products when exposed to 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE). These factors promote growth and development of the genital tract. Saline extracts of modified Grace's medium and 20HE-treated testis sheaths and fat body were subjected to heat, freeze-thaw, organic solvents, and low pressure size exclusion chromatography. Although extracts were stable to repeated freeze-thawing, activity was lost after exposure to organic solvents; activities of fractions heavier than 6.5 KDa were inhibited by heating to 100 degrees C. Size exclusion chromatography yielded 10 active testis extract fractions and 9 active far body fractions. Although the approximate molecular weights of most of the extract fractions were similar, enzyme studies using protease, lipase, and a-amylase indicated differences in the chemistry of active fractions derived from the two tissues. Active factors were inhibited by protease or lipase or both enzymes. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP LOEB, MJ (reprint author), USDA,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 263 EP 277 DI 10.1002/arch.940260403 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA NY100 UT WOS:A1994NY10000002 ER PT J AU SILHACEK, DL MILLER, SG MURPHY, CL AF SILHACEK, DL MILLER, SG MURPHY, CL TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A FLAVIN-BINDING STORAGE PROTEIN FROM THE HEMOLYMPH OF GALLERIA-MELLONELLA SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RIBOFLAVIN; SERUM PROTEIN; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; WAXMOTH; DEVELOPMENT ID JUVENILE-HORMONE; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; LARVAL; IDENTIFICATION; RIBOFLAVIN AB The 85K storage protein that accumulates in the hemolymph of Galleria mellonella during the final larval instar was isolated and purified from newly molted pupae. The separation of fresh hemolymph proteins from larvae or pupae by different chromatographic and electrophoretic procedures indicated the native protein had a Mr of 170,000 and consisted of two identical 85K subunits. Crosslinking experiments using fresh hemolymph followed by Western blotting also indicated a dimeric structure for the native protein. Analyses of the dimer purified from pupal hemolymph indicated that 85K was a glycoprotein, containing approximately 6.5% neutral sugar and about 1.9% amino sugar. Like other insect flavin-binding proteins, 85K has a relatively high histidine content but an uncharacteristically high arginine content. The purified 85K dimer did not bind riboflavin, suggesting that the integrity of the molecule had been altered during purification. However, 85K purified in low yield by Affi-Gel Blue chromatography, did bind riboflavin, indicating that under certain, undefined conditions the functional integrity of the protein could be retained during purification. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* RP SILHACEK, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1994 VL 25 IS 1 BP 55 EP 72 DI 10.1002/arch.940250106 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA MN999 UT WOS:A1994MN99900005 PM 8292819 ER PT J AU ADAMS, TS SCHAL, C AF ADAMS, TS SCHAL, C TI INTRODUCTION SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP ADAMS, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. RI Schal, Coby/A-8717-2010 OI Schal, Coby/0000-0001-7195-6358 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1994 VL 25 IS 4 BP 259 EP 259 DI 10.1002/arch.940250402 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA NB971 UT WOS:A1994NB97100001 ER PT J AU RAINA, AK KINGAN, TG GIEBULTOWICZ, JM AF RAINA, AK KINGAN, TG GIEBULTOWICZ, JM TI MATING-INDUCED LOSS OF SEX-PHEROMONE AND SEXUAL RECEPTIVITY IN INSECTS WITH EMPHASIS ON HELICOVERPA-ZEA AND LYMANTRIA-DISPAR SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MALE ACCESSORY GLANDS; PHEROMONOSTATIC PEPTIDES; SPERM TRANSFER; CORN EARWORM; GYPSY MOTH; DIPTERA ID MALE ACCESSORY-GLAND; FEMALE DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; AEDES-AEGYPTI MOSQUITOS; TOBACCO HAWK MOTH; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; BURSA COPULATRIX; PHYSIOLOGICAL-BASIS; JUVENILE-HORMONE; CULEX-TARSALIS; EGG MATURATION AB Mating in most species of insects leads to a transient or permanent loss in sexual receptivity of the females. Among moths, this loss of receptivity is often accompanied with a loss of the sex pheromone in the absence of calling, which also could be temporary or permanent. Most of the earlier work on changes in reproductive behavior after mating was done with Diptera in which sperm and/or male accessory gland secretions were shown to be responsible for termination of receptivity. In the corn earworm moth, Helicoverpa tea, mated females become depleted of pheromone and become nonreceptive to further mating attempts, but only for the remainder of the night of mating. A pheromonostatic peptide isolated from the accessory glands of males may be responsible for the depletion of pheromone, while the termination of receptivity is independently controlled. In the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, the changes in behavior following mating are permanent. In this species, the switch from virgin to mated behavior involves three steps: a physical stimulation associated with mating, transfer of viable sperm to the spermatheca, and commencement of oviposition. Signals generated by these factors operate through neural pathways and, unlike in H. tea, accessory gland factors seem not to be involved. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP RAINA, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, BLDG 306, BARC E, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 58 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1994 VL 25 IS 4 BP 317 EP 327 DI 10.1002/arch.940250407 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA NB971 UT WOS:A1994NB97100006 ER PT J AU MACLACHLAN, NJ NUNAMAKER, RA KATZ, JB SAWYER, MM AKITA, GY OSBURN, BI TABACHNICK, WJ AF MACLACHLAN, NJ NUNAMAKER, RA KATZ, JB SAWYER, MM AKITA, GY OSBURN, BI TABACHNICK, WJ TI DETECTION OF BLUETONGUE VIRUS IN THE BLOOD OF INOCULATED CALVES - COMPARISON OF VIRUS ISOLATION, PCR ASSAY, AND IN-VITRO FEEDING OF CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; CERATOPOGONIDAE; DIPTERA; ERYTHROCYTES; SEROTYPE-10; PARTICLES AB The interval after infection when bluetongue virus (BTV) was present in the blood of calves inoculated with BTV serotype 10 (BTV 10) was evaluated by virus isolation (VI) in embryonated chicken eggs (ECE), BTV-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and in vitro blood feeding of vector Culicoides variipennis (C.v.) sonorensis. BTV nucleic acid was detected by PCR in blood cells for 16 to 20 weeks after infection whereas infectious virus was detected by VI in ECE for 2 to 8 weeks. BTV was detected in calf blood by in vitro feeding of C.v. sonorensis for only O to 2 weeks after inoculation of calves with BTV 10. Selected bloods which were positive by PCR analysis but not by VI in ECE were not infectious for sheep. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that prolonged viremia in BTV-infected cattle results from association of the virus with blood cells, especially erythrocytes. The fact that calf blood that contained viral nucleic acid as determined by PCR analysis, but not infectious virus as determined by VI in ECE, was not infectious for either the insect vector or sheep suggests that cattle whose blood contains BTV nucleic acid but not infectious virus are unimportant to the epidemiology of BTV infection. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT PATHOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,LARAMIE,WY 82071. USDA,APHIS,NATL VET SERV LAB,DIAGNOST VIROL LAB,AMES,IA. NR 26 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1994 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1007/BF01538812 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA NN737 UT WOS:A1994NN73700001 PM 8002778 ER PT J AU KREUTZ, LC SEAL, BS MENGELING, WL AF KREUTZ, LC SEAL, BS MENGELING, WL TI EARLY INTERACTION OF FELINE CALICIVIRUS WITH CELLS IN CULTURE SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CANDIDATE CALICIVIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE; SURFACE-RECEPTOR; ANIMAL VIRUSES; HOST-CELLS; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TRANSFECTION; PROPAGATION AB The kinetics and biochemical properties of feline calicivirus (FCV) attachment to Crandell-Reese feline kidney cells were determined. Maximum binding was observed at pH 6.5. Cells in suspension at 4 degrees C bound virus more efficiently than cells in monolayers at 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C. High initial binding rate was observed in monolayers or cells in suspension and proceeded to a maximum at 90 min, although half maximal binding was observed as early as 15 min. Binding was specific and competitively blocked by serotypically homologous or heterologous FCV as well as by San Miguel sea lion virus. Treatment of cells with proteases increased FCV binding, whereas phospholipase had no effect on virus attachment. Conversely, cells treated with neuraminidase followed by O-glycanase treatment showed a decreased binding ability. Cells of feline origin bound FCV very efficiently, and non-permissive cells showed a poor binding ability. Following transfection of viral RNA, infectious virus could be recovered from all non-permissive cells, except from Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. These results suggest that FCV binds to a receptor in which carbohydrates may be an important component and that FCV replication in nonpermissive cells is primarily restricted by the absence of appropriate receptors on the cell surface. RP KREUTZ, LC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,POB 70,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. RI Kreutz, Luiz Carlos/A-3729-2015 OI Kreutz, Luiz Carlos/0000-0002-7685-7401 NR 43 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1994 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 34 DI 10.1007/BF01538814 PG 16 WC Virology SC Virology GA NN737 UT WOS:A1994NN73700003 PM 8002786 ER PT J AU MURPHY, MLP MEYER, RF MEBUS, C SCHUDEL, AA RODRIGUEZ, M AF MURPHY, MLP MEYER, RF MEBUS, C SCHUDEL, AA RODRIGUEZ, M TI ANALYSIS OF SITES OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS PERSISTENCE IN CARRIER CATTLE VIA THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA; AMPLIFICATION; INVITRO AB This study was undertaken in order to explore possible sites of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) persistence during the carrier state. Tissue samples taken from experimentally infected animals at different times post-infection (p.i) were examined by conventional viral isolation and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The analysis of samples from several organs taken from 17 bovines between 3 and 270 days p.i. allowed the following conclusions: 1) Virus present in oesophageal-pharyngeal fluids (OFF) during the carrier state originates in the pharynx as shown by the detection of antisense FMDV RNA by PCR, 2) PCR is more sensitive than standard virus isolation techniques and may be used for the rapid detection of FMDV in specimens obtained during the acute stage of FMD and for identification of persistently infected cattle. C1 USDA ARS,VS,APHIS,FADDL,GREENPORT,NY. CICV INTA,INST VIROL,MORON,DF,ARGENTINA. NR 22 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1994 VL 136 IS 3-4 BP 299 EP 307 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA NT937 UT WOS:A1994NT93700005 ER PT J AU MENGELING, WL BROCKMEIER, SL LAGER, KM AF MENGELING, WL BROCKMEIER, SL LAGER, KM TI EVALUATION OF A RECOMBINANT VACCINIA VIRUS CONTAINING PSEUDORABIES (PR) VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN GENES GP50, GII, AND GIII AS A PR VACCINE FOR PIGS SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID THYMIDINE KINASE; STRAIN; REACTIVATION; SWINE AB Pigs vaccinated twice intramuscularly with a highly attenuated strain of vaccinia virus (NYVAC) containing gene inserts for pseudorabies virus (PRV) glycoproteins gp50, gII, and gIII produced neutralizing antibodies for PRV and were less clinically affected than were nonvaccinated pigs following oronasal exposure to virulent PRV. Also, following oronasal exposure to virulent PRV the duration of virulent virus shedding by pigs that had been vaccinated intramuscularly with the recombinant virus was statistically less (p < 0.05) than that of nonvaccinated pigs and like that of pigs vaccinated twice intramuscularly with inactivated PR vaccine. Intramuscular vaccination with the recombinant virus was compatible with the most commonly used differential diagnostic tests, namely those based on PRV glycoproteins gX and gI. Serum antibodies for these glycoproteins were absent from the sera of all pigs before and after vaccination with recombinant virus; whereas, they were present in the sera of all of the same pigs after they were exposed to virulent PRV. In contrast to the effectiveness of the recombinant virus administered intramuscularly, neither serum antibody nor clinical protection against PRV was detected when aliquots of the same recombinant virus preparation were administered either orally or intranasally. The latter finding suggests that recombinant virus replicates poorly, if at all, at these sites. If so, the dissemination of recombinant virus from vaccinated pigs to nonvaccinated pigs or other animals in contact seems unlikely. RP MENGELING, WL (reprint author), US ARS,NADC,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,2300 DAYTON AVE,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1994 VL 134 IS 3-4 BP 259 EP 269 DI 10.1007/BF01310565 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA MY912 UT WOS:A1994MY91200003 PM 8129615 ER PT J AU BROWN, F AF BROWN, F TI THE IMPORTANCE OF ANTIGENIC VARIATION IN VACCINE DESIGN SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS RP BROWN, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1994 SU 9 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA NQ963 UT WOS:A1994NQ96300002 ER PT J AU RIDPATH, JF QI, F BOLIN, SR BERRY, ES AF RIDPATH, JF QI, F BOLIN, SR BERRY, ES TI NATURAL RECOMBINATION IN BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUSES SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Positive-Strand RNA Viruses CY SEP, 1992 CL CLEARWATER, FL ID MUCOSAL DISEASE VIRUS; PESTIVIRUSES; DIVERSITY; PROTEINS; CATTLE; CELLS; ORGANIZATION; INSERTIONS AB BVDV isolates exist as two biotypes differentiated at the molecular level by production of a p80 polypeptide. Insertions consisting of host cell sequences and/or duplicated and rearranged viral sequences have been observed in the portion of the genome coding for the p80 polypeptide in some, but not all, cytopathic BVDV. The significance of these insertions to biotypic expression has yet to be demonstrated. It has been hypothesized that recombination results in the production of the p80 polypeptide by introduction of a cleavage site into a precursor polypeptide or the introduction of a second copy of the p80 gene. Because inserts have not been identified in all cytopathic BVDV examined, it appears that recombination may not be the only mechanism involved in biotypic determination. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET SCI,FARGO,ND. RP RIDPATH, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL CATTLE RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1994 SU 9 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA NQ963 UT WOS:A1994NQ96300025 ER PT J AU LEHRSCH, GA ROBBINS, CW HANSEN, CL AF LEHRSCH, GA ROBBINS, CW HANSEN, CL TI COTTAGE CHEESE (ACID) WHEY EFFECTS ON SODIC SOIL AGGREGATE STABILITY SO ARID SOIL RESEARCH AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE LAND RECLAMATION; SALINITY; SODICITY; SOIL STRUCTURE; TILLAGE AB Whey applications reduce a sodic soil's exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and increase its infiltration rate. Whey's effects on aggregate stability (AS), however, have been less well documented. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine: (1) AS response to whey additions, (2) the profile depth to which surface-applied whey affected AS, and (3) the relationship between AS and SAR for an illitic soil. Greenhouse lysimeters packed with a Freedom silt loam (Xerollic Calciorthid) received either 0, 25, 50, or 100 mm of whey (equivalent to 0, 253, 505, and 1010 Mg ha-1 of liquid whey). After drying, the surface 150 mm was removed, mixed, and replaced Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Ludd') was then planted and grown to maturity by irrigating weekly. After harvest, AS was measured by wet sieving. A companion field study was conducted to determine the effects of whey applications and flood irrigations on AS. In Declo silt loam (Xerollic Calciorthid), 2 x 2 m basins received 0, 25, 50, or 100 mm of whey, followed by 100, 75, 50, or 0 mm of water, respectively. One week later, each basin was cultivated (to z = 100 mm) and smoothed After four 150-mm irrigations, AS was measured on the 0- to 10-, 10- to 50-, and 50- to 150-mm depth increments. Greenhouse results indicated that AS increased significantly with whey additions, though only in the tilled 0- to 150-mm depth increment. Over two ranges, AS increased linearly with SAR decreases resulting from whey applications. In the upper 50 mm of soil in the field basins, AS also increased linearly from 33 to 75% with whey additions up to 50 mm. Cottage cheese whey improved the AS of sodic soil horizons into which it was incorporated RP LEHRSCH, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT UNIT,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0890-3069 J9 ARID SOIL RES REHAB JI Arid Soil Res. Rehabil. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 1 BP 19 EP 31 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA NC299 UT WOS:A1994NC29900003 ER PT J AU WUTCHER, HK PAVAN, MA PERKINS, RE AF WUTCHER, HK PAVAN, MA PERKINS, RE TI A SURVEY OF MINERAL ELEMENTS IN THE LEAVES AND ROOTS OF CITRUS VARIEGATED CHLOROSIS (OR AMARELINHO) AFFECTED ORANGE TREES AND 45 ACID-EXTRACTABLE ELEMENTS IN THE SOILS OF ORCHARDS IN NORTHERN SAO-PAULO AND SOUTHERN MINAS-GERAIS SO ARQUIVOS DE BIOLOGIA E TECNOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE CITRUS-SINENSIS (L) OSBECK; CITRUS DECLINING; CVC; CITRUS VARIEGATED CHOROSIS; CITRUS YELLOWING; RARE EARTH ELEMENTS AB Leaf, root, and soil analyses based on a limited number of samples collected during a survey of 5 citrus orchards for citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) (or Amarelinho) in Northern Sao Paulo and Southern Minas Gerais in August and September 1992 are reported. Leaf analyses for 15 elements showed elevated levels of Na and Cl in the leaves with CVC and low P and K in some locations regardless of tree status. Iron levels in the roots were high; Al was 10-35 times as high as in Florida. Dilute acid extractable of soil zinc was low everywhere, and Ca and Mg were higher with CVC in two locations. Analysis of aqua regia soil extracts for 45 elements (including rare earths elements) are listed. The significance of the levels of these elements is not clear, but Fe and Al were very high. RP WUTCHER, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS,US HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32808, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST TECNOLOGIA PARANA PI CURITIBA-PARANA PA RUA PROF ALGACYR MUNHOZ MAEDER 3775-CIC, 81310-020 CURITIBA-PARANA, BRAZIL SN 0365-0979 J9 ARQ BIOL TECNOL JI Arq. Biol. Tecnol. PY 1994 VL 37 IS 1 BP 147 EP 156 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA NL054 UT WOS:A1994NL05400013 ER PT J AU LICHTENSTEIN, AH AUSMAN, LM CARRASCO, W JENNER, JL ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ AF LICHTENSTEIN, AH AUSMAN, LM CARRASCO, W JENNER, JL ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ TI HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC EFFECT OF DIETARY-CHOLESTEROL IN DIETS ENRICHED IN POLYUNSATURATED AND SATURATED FAT - DIETARY-CHOLESTEROL, FAT-SATURATION, AND PLASMA-LIPIDS SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS LA English DT Article DE DIETARY CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL; TRIGLYCERIDES; CHOLESTEROL; HDL CHOLESTEROL; DIETS; SATURATED FAT; POLYUNSATURATED FAT; NATIONAL CHOLESTEROL EDUCATION PROGRAM; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; CORN OIL; BEEF TALLOW ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; 20-YEAR MORTALITY; EGG CONSUMPTION; NUTRIENT INTAKE; STEARIC-ACID; MEN; ABSORPTION; METABOLISM AB Within the context of reduced-fat diets, the effects of incorporating a fat high in stearic acid and adding moderate amounts of dietary cholesterol were examined in 14 middle-aged and elderly women and men (range, 46 to 78 years) with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations > 130 mg/dL (range, 133 to 219 mg/dL) at screening. The subjects consumed each of the five diets, which were as follows: (1) a baseline diet (35% fat with 13% saturated fatty acids [SFAs], 12% monounsaturated fatty acids [MUFAs], and 8% polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFAs], and 128 mg cholesterol/1000 kcal); (2) a reduced-fat diet, in which two thirds of the fat was provided as corn oil (corn oil-enriched diet: 29% fat with 7% SFAs, 9% MUFAs, and 11% PUFAs and 85 mg cholesterol/1000 kcal), which met the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Step 2 guidelines; (3) a reduced-fat diet, in which two thirds of the fat was provided as beef tallow (beef tallow-enriched diet: 31% fat with 13% SFAs, 11% MUFAs, and 3% PUFAs and 109 mg cholesterol/1000 kcal); and two reduced-fat diets, one (4) enriched in corn oil and the other (5) enriched in beef tallow, to which moderate amounts of cholesterol in the form of egg yolk were incorporated (197 or 226 mg cholesterol/1000 kcal final cholesterol content in corn oil- or beef tallow-enriched diets, respectively). All diets were isocaloric and all food and drink were provided by the metabolic kitchen. Reducing the fat content of the diet resulted in decreased concentrations of LDL-C and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Reductions in LDL-C concentrations were greatest when subjects consumed the corn oil-enriched diet (-17%) relative to the beef tallow-enriched were observed regardless of the fat source (corn oil-enriched diet, -9%; beef tallow-enriched diet, -7%). LDL apolipoprotein (ape) B concentrations tended to mirror those of total cholesterol. In contrast to the changes observed in HDL-C concentrations, there was no significant effect of diet on apoA-I concentrations. The addition of modest amounts of cholesterol (equivalent to about 1.5 eggs per day) to the corn oil-enriched diet resulted in significantly higher concentrations of total cholesterol (6%), LDL-C (8%), and HDL-C (7%). In contrast, addition of similar amounts of cholesterol to the beef tallow-enriched diet resulted in significantly higher concentrations of total cholesterol (5%) and LDL-C (11%) but not HDL-C. In summary, these data suggest that even within the context of a reduced-fat diet, substitution of beef tallow, a commonly consumed fat that is relatively high in stearic acid, for corn oil resulted in higher plasma cholesterol levels, possibly as a result of the concomitant addition of other, more hypercholesterolemic fatty acids. Moreover, addition of moderate amounts of dietary cholesterol to reduced-fat diets enriched in either corn oil or beef tallow increased concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-C but raised HDL-C levels only during consumption of the corn oil-enriched diet. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,MEDFORD,MA 02155. RP LICHTENSTEIN, AH (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-39326] NR 70 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 1049-8834 J9 ARTERIOSCLER THROMB JI Arterioscler. Thromb. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 14 IS 1 BP 168 EP 175 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA MQ804 UT WOS:A1994MQ80400022 PM 8274473 ER PT S AU KURTZMAN, CP ROBNETT, CJ AF KURTZMAN, CP ROBNETT, CJ BE Hawksworth, DL TI ORDERS AND FAMILIES OF ASCOSPOROGENOUS YEASTS AND YEAST-LIKE TAXA COMPARED FROM RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES SO ASCOMYCETE SYSTEMATICS: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES IN THE NINETIES SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES A, LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Ascomycete Systematics CY MAY 11-14, 1993 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP NATO C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0258-1213 BN 0-306-44882-3 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1994 VL 269 BP 249 EP 258 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA BB17Z UT WOS:A1994BB17Z00022 ER PT S AU KURTZMAN, CP AF KURTZMAN, CP BE Hawksworth, DL TI ENDOMYCETALES, PROTOMYCETALES, AND TAPHRINALES SO ASCOMYCETE SYSTEMATICS: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES IN THE NINETIES SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES A, LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Ascomycete Systematics CY MAY 11-14, 1993 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP NATO C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0258-1213 BN 0-306-44882-3 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1994 VL 269 BP 361 EP 363 PG 3 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA BB17Z UT WOS:A1994BB17Z00033 ER PT J AU MILLER, PR DEBAUER, MD NOLASCO, AQ TEJEDA, TH AF MILLER, PR DEBAUER, MD NOLASCO, AQ TEJEDA, TH TI COMPARISON OF OZONE EXPOSURE CHARACTERISTICS IN FORESTED REGIONS NEAR MEXICO-CITY AND LOS-ANGELES SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE OZONE; MEXICO; CALIFORNIA; CONIFERS; INJURY ID VEGETATION; INJURY AB This comparison of forest exposure to ozone in the vicinity of Mexico City and Los Angeles provides preliminary evidence of the seasonal differences in ozone concentrations. Summer concentrations near Mexico City are not as high as those near Los Angeles because most of the precipitation and associated cloudiness occurs near Mexico City during the months of June through September. Winter concentrations remain nearly as high as summer concentrations at Mexico City, because in winter skies are clearer and incident sunlight remains high. Latitudinal influences on solar zenith angle and the higher altitude of the Mexico City region both contribute to a higher actinic flux than in the Los Angeles region. The primary difference in forest exposure is that there is very little respite from adverse ozone concentrations during the entire year in the Mexico City region. Also, the rainy summer season would likely diminish water stress and result in greater ozone uptake at the Desierto de los Leones compared to dry summer conditions in California. The closer proximity of the Desierto de los Leones monitoring site to the urban area also contributes to high winter exposures. There is some respite from exposure during the winter in the San Bernardino mountain region; however, summer concentrations are higher than near Mexico City. The greater transport distance from the Los Angeles source region also contributes to lower winter exposures. C1 COLEGIO POSTGRAD,PROGRAMA AGROMETEOROL,MONTECILLO CHAPINGO 56230,MEXICO. INST NACL INVEST FORESTALES & AGROPECUARIAS,MEXICO CITY 04110,DF,MEXICO. RP MILLER, PR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,4955 CANYON CREST DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 28 IS 1 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90029-9 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MU849 UT WOS:A1994MU84900013 ER PT J AU CHEN, DL FRENEY, JR MOSIER, AR CHALK, PM AF CHEN, DL FRENEY, JR MOSIER, AR CHALK, PM TI REDUCING DENITRIFICATION LOSS WITH NITRIFICATION INHIBITORS FOLLOWING PRESOWING APPLICATIONS OF UREA TO A COTTONFIELD SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM CARBIDE; NITROUS-OXIDE; SOIL; ACETYLENE; EMISSIONS; AMMONIA AB The effects of the nitrification inhibitors nitrapyrin, acetylene (provided by wax-coated calcium carbide), and phenylacetylene on nitrogen (N) transformations and denitrification losses following presowing applications of urea were determined in a cottonfield in the Namoi Valley of New South Wales. The study used 0.05-m-diameter microplots to follow the changes in mineral N, and 0.15-m-diameter microplots fertilised With N-15-labelled urea (6 g N/m2; 5 atom % N-15) to assess losses of applied N. When urea was applied in February (34 weeks before sowing), 84% of applied N was lost from the soil. Loss of applied N was reduced by addition of nitrapyrin and phenylacetylene, to 53 and 57%, respectively. In the absence of nitrification inhibitors, less N was lost (72% of that applied) from an application in May than from the February application. Addition of acetylene, phenylacetylene, and nitrapyrin reduced losses over the 24 weeks to sowing to 57, 52, and 48%, respectively. These experiments show that N loss from presowing applications of urea can be significantly reduced by the use of nitrification inhibitors, but that the losses of N are still substantial. C1 USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. UNIV MELBOURNE,SCH AGR & FORESTRY,PARKVILLE,VIC 3052,AUSTRALIA. RP CHEN, DL (reprint author), CSIRO,DIV PLANT IND,GPO BOX 1600,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. RI Freney, John/E-9462-2011; OI Freney, John/0000-0001-7545-6529; Chen, Deli/0000-0001-6767-1376 NR 33 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0816-1089 J9 AUST J EXP AGR JI Aust. J. Exp. Agric. PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.1071/EA9940075 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA NK502 UT WOS:A1994NK50200011 ER PT J AU DILDAY, RH LIN, J YAN, W AF DILDAY, RH LIN, J YAN, W TI IDENTIFICATION OF ALLELOPATHY IN THE USDA-ARS RICE GERMPLASM COLLECTION SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Temperate Rice Conference - Achievements and Potential CY 1994 CL YANCO, AUSTRALIA SP TRUSTEES MCCAUGHEY MEM INST ID WEEDS AB Field experiments in 1988 and 1989 identified rice accessions from the USDA-ARS rice germplasm collection for allelopathic effects to ducksalad [Heteranthera limosa (Sw.) Willd.]. About 10 000 accessions were evaluated; 347 accessions had apparent allelopathic activity. Accessions that had demonstrated allelopathic activity to ducksalad in 1988 or 1989 were evaluated further for allelopathic activity in 1990 (67 accessions) and 1991 (47 accessions). In 1990, 12 accessions had a radius of activity of 0.18-0.20 m and 80-90% weed control within the area of activity. In 1991, 12 different accessions had a radius of activity of 0.13-0.18 m and 50-85% weed control in the area of activity. C1 RICE RES & EXTENS CTR,STUTTGART,AR 72160. RP DILDAY, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 287,STUTTGART,AR 72160, USA. NR 20 TC 110 Z9 156 U1 0 U2 6 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0816-1089 J9 AUST J EXP AGR JI Aust. J. Exp. Agric. PY 1994 VL 34 IS 7 BP 907 EP 910 DI 10.1071/EA9940907 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA QH439 UT WOS:A1994QH43900005 ER PT J AU KERLEY, GIH WHITFORD, WG AF KERLEY, GIH WHITFORD, WG TI DESERT-DWELLING SMALL MAMMALS AS GRANIVORES - INTERCONTINENTAL VARIATIONS SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Theriological Congress CY JUL, 1993 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA ID SOUTH-AFRICA; SEMIARID KAROO; DIPODOMYS-MERRIAMI; SEED PREDATION; ISRAELI DESERT; NORTH-AMERICA; MOJAVE-DESERT; FOOD HABITS; RODENTS; COMMUNITY AB Deserts are, by definition, environmentally similar, and this has lead to hypotheses of convergence in the properties of desert biotic communities as well as the components of these communities. There is considerable evidence for convergence in some characteristics of desert biota, ranging from plant growth forms to the well-known bipedal, nocturnal rodents. One area that has received considerable attention has been granivory by desert rodents, largely because of the effort focused on the North American desert heteromyids, and also because the process of granivory has far-reaching ramifications for desert plant communities. Specific tests for convergence in the impact of rodents as granivores, by means of bait-removal experiments, however, have shown that the high levels of seed removal by rodents in the North American deserts differs from that of rodents in the South American, Australian and South African deserts, where ants are the most important seed harvesters. The only studies to measure the impact of rodents on desert seed fluxes confirm these patterns, with rodents consuming up to 86% of seed production in North American deserts, but less than 1% of seed production in South African deserts. A review of dietary data for desert rodents confirms these trends, with little evidence for the presence of granivores in deserts besides those of North America. A variety of hypotheses have attempted to explain these variations in desert rodent granivory. These include recent extinctions of granivores, that seed burial, low soil nutrients and/or limiting seed production prevented the radiation of granivorous small mammals, and that particular deserts are too young or too recently colonised by rodents for granivorous rodents to have evolved. However, none of these hypotheses are supported by available evidence. Alternative hypotheses suggesting that climate variability may have precluded the development of specialised granivores need to be tested. In particular, more data are needed to confirm these patterns of granivory, and gain an understanding of the effects of Pleistocene and recent desert climate variability on seed production. An alternative perspective suggests that the presence of the heteromyid rodents may explain the high levels of granivory by small mammals in North American deserts. The variability in granivory by small mammals between deserts suggests that deserts will also differ in terms of anti-granivore adaptations of plants, seed fluxes and the mechanisms whereby small mammals coexist. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,USDA JORNADA EXPTR RANGE,EPA ENVIRONM MONITORING PROGRAM,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP KERLEY, GIH (reprint author), UNIV PORT ELIZABETH,DEPT ZOOL,POB 1600,PORT ELIZABETH 6000,SOUTH AFRICA. NR 64 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 13 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-959X J9 AUST J ZOOL JI Aust. J. Zool. PY 1994 VL 42 IS 4 BP 543 EP 555 DI 10.1071/ZO9940543 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QA662 UT WOS:A1994QA66200009 ER PT J AU HENZLER, DJ EBEL, E SANDERS, J KRADEL, D MASON, J AF HENZLER, DJ EBEL, E SANDERS, J KRADEL, D MASON, J TI SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS IN EGGS FROM COMMERCIAL CHICKEN LAYER FLOCKS IMPLICATED IN HUMAN OUTBREAKS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HENS AB Eggs were cultured from four commercial chicken layer houses implicated in three human outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis serotype enteritidis infection as part of the activities of the USDA-APHIS, VS, Salmonella enteritidis Task Force. Each house was part of a multiple in-line complex, ranging from three to seven houses. Houses were located on three separate farms, and each house contained between 50,000 and 80,000 chickens. S. enteritidis phage types 8, 13a, and 23 were isolated from samples taken from environmental and organ tissue samples, but only phage type 8 was cultured from eggs. Phage type 8 was isolated from humans in all three S. enteritidis outbreaks. Frequency estimates of contaminated eggs ranged from 0.03% to 0.90%. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT VET SCI,ANIM DIAGNOST LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16801. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,TAMPA,FL 33602. RP HENZLER, DJ (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS PILOT PROJECT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 7 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 38 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.2307/1591834 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NB620 UT WOS:A1994NB62000006 PM 8002898 ER PT J AU KOGUT, MH FUKATA, T TELLEZ, G HARGIS, BM CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR AF KOGUT, MH FUKATA, T TELLEZ, G HARGIS, BM CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR TI EFFECT OF EIMERIA-TENELLA INFECTION ON RESISTANCE TO SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION IN BROILER CHICKS INOCULATED WITH ANAEROBIC CECAL FLORA AND FED DIETARY LACTOSE SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MICROFLORA AB This study evaluated the effect of Eimeria tenella infection on Salmonella typbimurium colonization of broiler chicks following oral inoculation with anaerobic cecal flora either alone or with a treatment of 10% dietary lactose. The number of chicks colonized by S. typhimurium was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in groups inoculated with cecal flora with or without the dietary lactose treatment than in control groups. In addition, significantly fewer S. typbimurium organisms were isolated from the cecal contents of chicks inoculated with anaerobic cecal flora and treated with 10% dietary lactose than in the control chicks. Infection with E. tenella had no effect on the resistance of treated groups to S. typhimurium colonization of the ceca but did cause higher S. typhimurium colonization in the untreated control chicks. The results indicated that: A) anaerobic cecal flora given orally on the day of hatch to chicks with or without dietary lactose enhanced the resistance of the birds to Salmonella cecal colonization; and B) coccidial infection had no detrimental effect on this resistance to Salmonella colonization. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP KOGUT, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 38 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.2307/1591837 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NB620 UT WOS:A1994NB62000009 PM 8002901 ER PT J AU BACON, LD WITTER, RL AF BACON, LD WITTER, RL TI SEROTYPE SPECIFICITY OF B-HAPLOTYPE INFLUENCE ON THE RELATIVE EFFICACY OF MAREKS-DISEASE VACCINES SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; TURKEY HERPESVIRUS; CHICKEN LINES; VIRUS-STRAIN; RESISTANCE; VACCINATION; PROTECTION; TRIALS; CELLS AB B-haplotype genes in the chicken were previously shown to differentially influence vaccine efficacy against challenge with very virulent Marek's disease virus according to the type of Marek's disease (MD) vaccine used. To determine whether MD vaccines of the same serotype gave comparable levels of protection against MD in chickens of the same haplotype challenged with MD virus strain Md5, two serotype 1 and two serotype 2 vaccines were compared with one serotype 3 vaccine using chickens of 15.B-congenic lines. There was a strong correlation in development of MD lesions among chickens of the different lines receiving the two serotype 2 vaccines (r = 0.94) as well as among chickens receiving the two serotype 1 vaccines (r = 0.76). The serotype 1 vaccines were preferable for B2, B-13, B-15, and B21, but serotype 2 vaccines were more protective for B-5 chickens. The two serotype 2 vaccines gave equivalent protection; however, of the serotype 1 vaccines, CVI988/Rispens provided more protection than Md11/75c/R2/23. We conclude that the B-haplotype influence on MD vaccine efficacy is dependent on the serotype of the vaccine. RP BACON, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 34 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 38 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.2307/1591838 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NB620 UT WOS:A1994NB62000010 PM 8002902 ER PT J AU FITZGERALD, SD REED, WM LANGHEINRICH, KA PORTER, AS LUMBERT, LA AF FITZGERALD, SD REED, WM LANGHEINRICH, KA PORTER, AS LUMBERT, LA TI A RETROSPECTIVE IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF TYPE-II AVIAN ADENOVIRAL INFECTION IN TURKEY, PHEASANT, AND CHICKEN TISSUES SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; TYPE-II ADENOVIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC ENTERITIS; MARBLE SPLEEN DISEASE; SPLENOMEGALY AB A retrospective study of avian cases submitted to the Michigan Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory between 1986 and 1992 produced four pheasant, five turkey, and five chicken cases in which splenic tissue was positive for type II adenoviral antigen using an agar gel immunodiffusion assay. Tissue sections from these cases were evaluated microscopically using both routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and an immunohistochemical staining technique for type II adenoviral antigen. Tissues from all four pheasant cases and four of five turkey cases, but none of the five chicken cases, stained positively by histochemistry. Five additional chicken cases, obtained from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Eastern Laboratory of the Food Safety Inspection Service, had splenic lesions of undetermined etiology; these were also evaluated. One of the five cases had splenic inclusions on H&E staining and had strong positive histochemical staining. The immunohistochemical staining technique was sufficiently sensitive for use on diagnostic tissues that have been routinely fixed in formalin and processed for histopathology, and it detected all three recognized type II adenoviruses, C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA,EASTERN LAB,FOOD SAFETY INSPECT SERV,ATHENS,GA 30604. RP FITZGERALD, SD (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,ANIM HLTH DIAGNOST LAB,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 38 IS 1 BP 78 EP 85 DI 10.2307/1591840 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NB620 UT WOS:A1994NB62000012 PM 8002904 ER PT J AU CALVERT, JG NAZERIAN, K AF CALVERT, JG NAZERIAN, K TI AN IMMUNOPEROXIDASE PLAQUE-ASSAY FOR RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUS AND ITS APPLICATION TO A SENSITIVE SERUM NEUTRALIZATION ASSAY SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Note ID INFECTION; CHICKENS AB A rapid assay for the enumeration of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is described. Chicken embryo fibroblast monolayer cultures were infected with REV and incubated 6 days under an agar overlay. After removal of the overlay, cells were fixed with acetone/ethanol. Foci of infection (hereafter referred to as plaques) were detected using either an anti-REV envelope monoclonal antibody or convalescent chicken serum as the primary antibody; the secondary antibody was either horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (for use with monoclonals) or goat anti-chicken IgG (for use with chicken serum). Staining with a substrate solution containing diaminobenzidine, CoCl2, and H2O2 revealed individual dark plaques on a light gray background. This method worked equally well for the SNV, CSV, and REV-T strains of REV; further, it detected all six field isolates tested. Results indicate that this immunoperoxidase technique is a rapid and reliable method for detection and titration of REV as well as for the assay of neutralizing antibody in chicken serum. C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 38 IS 1 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.2307/1591852 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NB620 UT WOS:A1994NB62000024 PM 8002888 ER PT B AU KELMAN, A HARTMAN, GL HAYWARD, AC AF KELMAN, A HARTMAN, GL HAYWARD, AC BE Hayward, AC Hartman, GL TI BACTERIAL WILT - THE DISEASE AND ITS CAUSATIVE AGENT, PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM - INTRODUCTION SO BACTERIAL WILT: THE DISEASE AND ITS CAUSATIVE AGENT, PSEUDOMONAS SOLANACEARUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Bacterial Wilt CY OCT, 1992 CL TAIWAN C1 USDA,COOPERAT STATE RES SERV,OFF GRANTS & PROGRAM SYST,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND 0X10 8DE BN 0-85198-875-X PY 1994 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Microbiology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Microbiology GA BA82B UT WOS:A1994BA82B00001 ER PT B AU MOIR, WH HUCKABY, LS AF MOIR, WH HUCKABY, LS BE Claar, JJ Schullery, P TI DISPLACEMENT ECOLOGY OF TREES NEAR UPPER TIMBERLINE SO BEARS - THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Bear Research and Management CY FEB 23-28, 1992 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, REG 1 INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN, US DEPT INTERIOR NATL PK SERV, YELLOWSTONE NATL PK, MONTANA DEPT FISH WILDLIFE & PKS, US DEPT INTERIOR FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, WILDLIFE SOC, INTERAGCY GRIZZLY BEAR COMM, US DEPT INTERIOR BUR LAND MANAGEMENT RP MOIR, WH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT PI VICTORIA PA VICTORIA BC, CANADA BN 0-944740-04-9 PY 1994 BP 35 EP 42 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BC96T UT WOS:A1994BC96T00004 ER PT B AU HAYES, SG PELTON, MR AF HAYES, SG PELTON, MR BE Claar, JJ Schullery, P TI HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS OF FEMALE BLACK BEAR DENS IN NORTHWESTERN ARKANSAS SO BEARS - THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Bear Research and Management CY FEB 23-28, 1992 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, REG 1 INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN, US DEPT INTERIOR NATL PK SERV, YELLOWSTONE NATL PK, MONTANA DEPT FISH WILDLIFE & PKS, US DEPT INTERIOR FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, WILDLIFE SOC, INTERAGCY GRIZZLY BEAR COMM, US DEPT INTERIOR BUR LAND MANAGEMENT RP HAYES, SG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,1201 IRONWOOD DR,COEUR DALENE,ID 83814, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT PI VICTORIA PA VICTORIA BC, CANADA BN 0-944740-04-9 PY 1994 BP 411 EP 418 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BC96T UT WOS:A1994BC96T00049 ER PT B AU GAINES, WL NANEY, RH MORRISON, PH EBY, JR WOOTEN, GF ALMACK, JA AF GAINES, WL NANEY, RH MORRISON, PH EBY, JR WOOTEN, GF ALMACK, JA BE Claar, JJ Schullery, P TI USE OF LANDSAT MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER IMAGERY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS TO MAP VEGETATION IN THE NORTH CASCADES GRIZZLY BEAR ECOSYSTEM SO BEARS - THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Bear Research and Management CY FEB 23-28, 1992 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, REG 1 INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN, US DEPT INTERIOR NATL PK SERV, YELLOWSTONE NATL PK, MONTANA DEPT FISH WILDLIFE & PKS, US DEPT INTERIOR FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, WILDLIFE SOC, INTERAGCY GRIZZLY BEAR COMM, US DEPT INTERIOR BUR LAND MANAGEMENT RP GAINES, WL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,LEAVENWORTH,WA 98826, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT PI VICTORIA PA VICTORIA BC, CANADA BN 0-944740-04-9 PY 1994 BP 533 EP 547 PG 15 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BC96T UT WOS:A1994BC96T00064 ER PT B AU SWANSON, CS MCCOLLUM, DW MAJ, M AF SWANSON, CS MCCOLLUM, DW MAJ, M BE Claar, JJ Schullery, P TI INSIGHTS INTO THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF GRIZZLY BEARS IN THE YELLOWSTONE RECOVERY ZONE SO BEARS - THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Bear Research and Management CY FEB 23-28, 1992 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, REG 1 INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN, US DEPT INTERIOR NATL PK SERV, YELLOWSTONE NATL PK, MONTANA DEPT FISH WILDLIFE & PKS, US DEPT INTERIOR FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, WILDLIFE SOC, INTERAGCY GRIZZLY BEAR COMM, US DEPT INTERIOR BUR LAND MANAGEMENT RP SWANSON, CS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,14TH ST INDEPENDENCE SW,POB 96090,WASHINGTON,DC 20090, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT PI VICTORIA PA VICTORIA BC, CANADA BN 0-944740-04-9 PY 1994 BP 575 EP 582 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BC96T UT WOS:A1994BC96T00068 ER PT J AU TORCHIO, PF AF TORCHIO, PF TI THE PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE-PROSPECTS OF NONSOCIAL BEES AS CROP POLLINATORS SO BEE WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material ID HONEY BEES RP TORCHIO, PF (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BEE BIOL & SYSTEMAT LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 3 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0005-772X J9 BEE WORLD JI Bee World PY 1994 VL 75 IS 2 BP 49 EP 53 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NU086 UT WOS:A1994NU08600001 ER PT J AU OLDROYD, BP SYLVESTER, HA WONGSIRI, S RINDERER, TE AF OLDROYD, BP SYLVESTER, HA WONGSIRI, S RINDERER, TE TI TASK SPECIALIZATION IN A WILD BEE, APIS-FLOREA (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE), REVEALED BY RFLP BANDING SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HONEY BEE; SUBFAMILY; RFLP; TASK SPECIALIZATION; DWARF HONEY BEE; THAILAND; MULTIPLE MATING ID DIVISION-OF-LABOR; HONEY-BEE; MELLIFERA L; SOCIAL HYMENOPTERA; GENETIC COMPONENT; COLONIES; BEHAVIOR AB Workers in a wild in situ colony of the dwarf honey bee, Apis florea, were observed undertaking the following behavior: liquid foraging, pollen foraging, guarding, stinging, fanning and wagging abdomen. Bees of each behavioral class were separately collected and frozen. Collections were made over a period of 10 days. Random samples of brood and workers were also collected. DNA was extracted from each bee and ''fingerprinted'' using a probe of unknown sequence obtained from an A. mellifera genomic library. Patterns of fingerprints (Fig. 1) were dissimilar among behavioral classes (Tables 1 and 2), strongly suggesting a genetic component to division of labor in this species. This result supports similar findings in A. mellifera in a species that is not troubled by many of the experimental difficulties inherent in A. mellifera. C1 CHULALONGKORN UNIV,FAC SCI,BEE BIOL RES UNIT,BANGKOK 10330,THAILAND. US ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL RES LAB,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820. NR 36 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MV068 UT WOS:A1994MV06800004 ER PT J AU HAYES, DG GULARI, E AF HAYES, DG GULARI, E TI IMPROVEMENT OF ENZYME-ACTIVITY AND STABILITY FOR REVERSE MICELLAR-ENCAPSULATED LIPASES IN THE PRESENCE OF SHORT-CHAIN AND POLAR ALCOHOLS SO BIOCATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE ENZYME STABILITY; REVERSE MICELLES; LIPASES; ALCOHOLS; ESTERIFICATION ID IN-OIL MICROEMULSIONS; CHROMOBACTERIUM-VISCOSUM LIPASE; OLIVE OIL; ESTERIFICATION REACTIONS; CATIONIC SURFACTANTS; AROMATIC SOLVENTS; TERNARY WATER; DROPLET SIZE; FATTY-ACID; AOT AB In this report, we demonstrate that the initial activity of lipases from Rhizopus delemar and Candida rugosa encapsulated in Water /AOT/isooctane reverse micelles is greatly enhanced when short-chain n-alkanols (90% dissipated in 48 h with up to 70% accumulating as 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA)]. Aryl acylamidases are responsible for the initial degradation of propanil to DCA and propionic acid. This enzyme is found in a wide range of rhizosphere microflora, including fungal genera such as Fusarium and Trichoderma, and Gram-negative bacteria genera including Alcaligines, Bradyrhizobium, Pseudomonas, and Rhizobiun. Bacterial strains have been isolated from rice rhizospheres that can completely metabolize 10 mu g ml(-1) propanil to DCA within 30 min. Microbes with potential for rapid metabolism of propanil can be obtained, but their potential for bioremediation may be limited by the formation of more toxic products if appropriate downstream biotransformation mechanisms are lacking. RP HOAGLAND, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 93 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2942-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1994 VL 563 BP 160 EP 183 PG 24 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB42H UT WOS:A1994BB42H00014 ER PT S AU ZABLOTOWICZ, RM HOAGLAND, RE LOCKE, MA AF ZABLOTOWICZ, RM HOAGLAND, RE LOCKE, MA BE Anderson, TA Coats, JR TI GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE ACTIVITY IN RHIZOSPHERE BACTERIA AND THE POTENTIAL FOR HERBICIDE DETOXIFICATION SO BIOREMEDIATION THROUGH RHIZOSPHERE TECHNOLOGY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Bioremediation through Rhizosphere Technology, at the 206th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 23-27, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, AMER CHEM SOC, DIV ENVIRONM CHEM ID CONJUGATE BETA-LYASE; DICHLOROMETHANE DEHALOGENASE; METABOLISM; ATRAZINE; DEGRADATION; PSEUDOMONAS; PROPACHLOR; ALACHLOR; MINERALIZATION; PURIFICATION AB Glutathione S-transferase (GST; EC 2.5.1.18) activity was found in isolates of Gram-negative rhizobacteria, especially Pseudomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. GST-mediated dechlorination of chlorodinitrobenzene and the herbicide alachlor and GST-mediated cleavage of the ether bond of the herbicide fluorodifen was observed for some strains. No atrazine-GST activity was found. Certain fluorescent pseudomonads can dechlorinate 75 to 100 mu M alachlor in 48 to 96 h with the cysteine conjugate as the major accumulating intermediate. Levels of alachlor-GST catabolism observed in native rhizosphere communities were lower than most Pseudomonas fluorescens strains identified in this work. Activities of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (EC 2.3.2.2), and cysteine-beta-lyase (EC 4.4.1.6 and 8) enable a rapid metabolism of glutathione-conjugates. Rhizosphere-competent bacteria selected for high GST activity and downstream catabolism may have potential as seed/soil inoculants in bioremediation/detoxification of certain herbicides or other xenobiotics. RP ZABLOTOWICZ, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2942-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1994 VL 563 BP 184 EP 198 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB42H UT WOS:A1994BB42H00015 ER PT B AU VIGO, TL AF VIGO, TL BE Gebelein, CG Carraher, CE TI ADVANCES IN ANTIMICROBIAL POLYMERS AND MATERIALS SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOACTIVE POLYMERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Biotechnology and Bioactive Polymers, at the Spring 1992 American-Chemical-Society Meeting CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC C1 USDA ARS,SRRC,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 2 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-44629-4 PY 1994 BP 225 EP 237 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Polymer Science SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Polymer Science GA BZ96B UT WOS:A1994BZ96B00022 ER PT B AU ANDERSON, RA AF ANDERSON, RA BE Lyons, TP Jacques, KA TI STRESS EFFECTS ON CHROMIUM NUTRITION OF HUMANS AND FARM ANIMALS SO BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE FEED INDUSTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Alltechs 10th Annual Symposium on Biotechnology in the Feed Industry CY 1994 CL NICHOLASVILLE, KY C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU NOTTINGHAM UNIVERSITY PRESS PI LOUGHBOROUGH PA SUTTON BONNINGTON CAMPUS, LOUGHBOROUGH, ENGLAND LE12 5RD BN 1-897676-51-4 PY 1994 BP 267 EP 274 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BC59G UT WOS:A1994BC59G00017 ER PT J AU CARDAMONE, JM AF CARDAMONE, JM GP AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS & COLORISTS TI UNION DYEING OF MODIFIED COTTON WOOL FABRIC WITH COVALENTLY FIXED REACTIVE DYES SO BOOK OF PAPERS - AATCC 1994 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 International Conference and Exhibition of the American-Association-of-Textile-Chemists-and-Colorists CY OCT 11-14, 1994 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS & COLORISTS C1 USDA ARS,ERRC,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEM & COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA P O BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 PY 1994 BP 7 EP 15 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BC39L UT WOS:A1994BC39L00001 ER PT J AU CARDAMONE, JM DAMERT, WC MARMER, WN AF CARDAMONE, JM DAMERT, WC MARMER, WN GP AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS & COLORISTS TI OBJECTIVE MEASUREMENT OF LEVEL AND UNION SHADES IN WOOL AND WOOL COTTON TEXTILES BY DIGITAL IMAGE ANALYSIS SO BOOK OF PAPERS - AATCC 1994 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 International Conference and Exhibition of the American-Association-of-Textile-Chemists-and-Colorists CY OCT 11-14, 1994 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS & COLORISTS C1 USDA,PHILADELPHIA,PA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEM & COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA P O BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 PY 1994 BP 246 EP 260 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BC39L UT WOS:A1994BC39L00030 ER PT J AU RAPPAPORT, NG HAVERTY, MI SHEA, PJ SANDQUIST, RE AF RAPPAPORT, NG HAVERTY, MI SHEA, PJ SANDQUIST, RE TI EFFICACY OF ESFENVALERATE FOR CONTROL OF INSECTS HARMFUL TO SEED PRODUCTION IN DISEASE-RESISTANT WESTERN WHITE PINES SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CONES AB We tested the pyrethroid insecticide esfenvalerate in single, double, and triple applications for control of insects affecting seed production of blister rust-resistant western white pine, Pinus monticola Douglas. All treatments increased the proportion of normal seed produced and reduced the proportion of seed damaged by the western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann. Only the triple application reduced the proportion of cones killed by the pine cone beetle, Conophthorus ponderosae Hopkins. Other seed-damaging insect species [seed chalcids, Megastigmus sp.; the fir coneworm, Dioryctria abietivorella (Grote); and seedworms, Cydia sp.] were present but in numbers too low to test for insecticide efficacy. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW REG FOREST PEST MANAGEMENT,PORTLAND,OR 97208. RP RAPPAPORT, NG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 126 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NC641 UT WOS:A1994NC64100001 ER PT J AU KUENEN, LPS WAGNER, DL WALLNER, WE CARDE, RT AF KUENEN, LPS WAGNER, DL WALLNER, WE CARDE, RT TI FEMALE SEX-PHEROMONE IN KORSCHELTELLUS-GRACILIS (GROTE) (LEPIDOPTERA, HEPIALIDAE) SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID GREEN MOUNTAINS; SWIFT MOTH; RED SPRUCE; VERMONT AB In laboratory wind tunnel studies, quiescent Korscheltellus gracilis (Grote) females initiated wing fanning as light intensity was reduced to 25-11 lx at the end of a 16-h, 450-lx photophase. Males downwind of a wing-fanning female initiated wing fanning, rapid walking, or both, and upwind flight toward the female typically ensued shortly thereafter. Wing-fanning females whose abdomens had been removed, and excised hind wings of females evoked the same male responses, but females whose hind wings had been removed evoked no male response. The sex pheromone of K. gracilis evidently is released from the female's hind wings, a so far unique site of pheromone release in female Lepidoptera. The importance of this finding to understanding the mating system of hepialids and the ancestral form of pheromone release among the Lepidoptera is considered. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMHERST,MA 01003. UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT ECOL & EVOLUT BIOL,STORRS,CT 06269. NE FOREST EXPT STN,HAMDEN,CT 06514. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 126 IS 1 BP 31 EP 41 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NC641 UT WOS:A1994NC64100005 ER PT J AU KIECKHEFER, RW ELLIOTT, NC RIEDELL, WE FULLER, BW AF KIECKHEFER, RW ELLIOTT, NC RIEDELL, WE FULLER, BW TI YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT IN RELATION TO LEVEL OF INFESTATION BY GREENBUGS (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CEREAL APHIDS; SOUTH-DAKOTA; PARATHION AB The effect of greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), infestations on yield components of early- and late-planted spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L., were measured in 2 successive years in eastern South Dakota. Greenbug populations in plots generally increased rapidly and peaked when wheat plants were in boot stage. Populations then began a steady decrease until anthesis, at which time they were near zero. The number of seeds per spikelet and the number of spikelets per square metre were consistently significantly negatively correlated with aphid-days, whereas average seed weight was significantly negatively correlated with aphid-days for only one planting. A linear regression model that included different intercepts for each spring wheat planting and a common slope relating yield to greenbug feeding days (aphid-days) provided a good fit to the data. Based on the model, a loss of 41 kg of grain per hectare is expected for each 100 aphid-days that accumulate per tiller. RP KIECKHEFER, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,RURAL ROUTE 3,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 126 IS 1 BP 61 EP 66 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NC641 UT WOS:A1994NC64100008 ER PT J AU HORTON, DR BURTS, EC UNRUH, TR KRYSAN, JL COOP, LB CROFT, BA AF HORTON, DR BURTS, EC UNRUH, TR KRYSAN, JL COOP, LB CROFT, BA TI PHENOLOGY OF FALL DISPERSAL BY WINTERFORM PEAR PSYLLA (HOMOPTERA, PSYLLIDAE) IN RELATION TO LEAF FALL AND WEATHER SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID PYRICOLA HOMOPTERA; POPULATIONS; DIAPAUSE; TRAPS AB Phenology of fall dispersal into apple orchards is described for winterform pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, in orchards located in Yakima and Wenatchee, Washington. Psylla in both regions first appeared on pear in mid to late September, reaching peak densities in late October or early to mid November, and then decreased in numbers to a low in December. Movement onto apple began in October; peak counts on apple occurred in late November to early December. There was considerable variation among years in phenology of leaf fall in pear and numbers of psylla entering apple. Leaf fall in pear was delayed in a cool, wet fall (1991) compared with warmer and drier years (1990 and 1992), and temperatures during leaf fall were consequently lower in 1991. Numbers of psylla moving onto apple were considerably lower in 1991 than 1990 or 1992. Catch on sticky traps and dispersal rates onto apple were both positively correlated with rates of leaf fall in pear, temperature, and density of psylla on pear. RP HORTON, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 126 IS 1 BP 111 EP 120 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NC641 UT WOS:A1994NC64100012 ER PT J AU RIEMAN, BE MYERS, DL NIELSEN, RL AF RIEMAN, BE MYERS, DL NIELSEN, RL TI USE OF OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY TO DISCRIMINATE ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA OF RESIDENT AND ANADROMOUS ORIGIN SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM-CONCENTRATION RATIOS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; FISH OTOLITHS; NEW-ZEALAND; STRONTIUM; INDICATORS; KOKANEE; GROWTH AB We used a wavelength dispersive microprobe to describe patterns in otolith microchemistry of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Patterns in Sr/Ca ratios in transects across otoliths were consistent with changes in environmental chemistry associated with life history. The patterns we observed were consistent with those described for other salmonids. We found that Sr/Ca ratios in otolith primordia of fish of known anadromous origin were significantly higher than those in otolith primordia of fish of known resident origin. However, variation among samples was associated with differences in chemistry of the freshwater environments. These differences could confound attempts to discriminate sympatric resident and anadromous forms in lakes where Sr/Ca ratios are high. Samples used to discriminate origin of emigrants from Redfish Lake, Idaho, confirmed the presence of both resident and anadromous fish, but the two groups were not clearly resolved. Otolith microchemistry has the potential to determine the parental origin of O. nerka and to describe life history patterns, but may not clearly identify all individuals in all lakes. More work is needed to determine the inherent variability among individuals and among populations and to determine the influence that migration, spawning, and incubation environments have on the chemistry of otoliths. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL OCEANOG,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP RIEMAN, BE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,316 E MYRTLE,BOISE,ID 83702, USA. NR 28 TC 100 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 51 IS 1 BP 68 EP 77 DI 10.1139/f94-009 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NC198 UT WOS:A1994NC19800009 ER PT J AU NIELSEN, JL GAN, C THOMAS, WK AF NIELSEN, JL GAN, C THOMAS, WK TI DIFFERENCES IN GENETIC DIVERSITY FOR MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA BETWEEN HATCHERY AND WILD POPULATIONS OF ONCORHYNCHUS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Lowell-Wakefield-Fisheries International Symposium on Genetics of Subarctic Fish and Shellfish CY MAY 17-19, 1993 CL JUNEAU, AK SP ALASKA DEPT FISH & GAME, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NATL PK SERV, N PACIFIC FISHERY MANAGEMENT COUNCIL, US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM ID FISH POPULATIONS; VARIABILITY; MYKISS; WASHINGTON; EVOLUTION; STOCKS; SALMON; OREGON AB Amplification by the polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of a highly variable segment (199 base pairs) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in 491 fish from 22 streams and 9 hatcheries revealed 9 mtDNA types in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), 5 types in coho salmon (O. kisutch), and 6 types in chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha). Likelihood chi-square analysis of frequencies of mtDNA types in eight paired comparisons of hatchery and geographically proximate wild populations of Oncorhynchus showed significant differences in mtDNA genotypes. More mtDNA types were found, on average, in contemporary hatchery populations for each species than in geographically proximate wild stocks. Factors potentially leading to genetic differences in hatchery and wild stocks sampled in California were historic introductions of geographically divergent populations into hatchery brood stocks and lack of introgression of geographically divergent genotypes from the hatchery into wild populations. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT MOLEC & CELL BIOL, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RP NIELSEN, JL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, PACIFIC SW RES STN, POB 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA. NR 25 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 10 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PY 1994 VL 51 SU 1 BP 290 EP 297 DI 10.1139/f94-316 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QR475 UT WOS:A1994QR47500030 ER PT J AU VANDEUSEN, PC AF VANDEUSEN, PC TI ALTERNATIVE VOLUME AND QUANTITY FORMULAS FOR INDIVIDUAL TREES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB General definitions of volume and quantity as multiple definite integrals are used as the basis for deriving alternative formulas that apply to individual trees. Some of these formulas are quite familiar to foresters, whereas others are new. Potential applications of these formulas in conjunction with importance sampling are discussed. RP VANDEUSEN, PC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,SO FOREST EXPT STN,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 24 IS 1 BP 50 EP 52 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MY415 UT WOS:A1994MY41500008 ER PT J AU SCHUSTER, EG NICCOLUCCI, MJ AF SCHUSTER, EG NICCOLUCCI, MJ TI SEALED-BID VERSUS ORAL-AUCTION TIMBER OFFERINGS - IMPLICATIONS OF IMPERFECT DATA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LIMITED DEPENDENT VARIABLES; MODELS AB The central issue regarding sealed-bidding versus oral-auction timber offerings focuses on the question of revenue generation. On this point, the literature provides no consistent answer. This study measured the difference in bid price between sealed-bid and oral-auction timber offerings in the Northern Region of the U.S. Forest Service. A two-step estimation process, involving a probit model followed by a linear regression model, was used. That two-step process did not produce the expected results because the timber offering data used did not correspond to quality expectations; specifically, sale method was not always assigned on the basis of offering characteristics. Subsequent analyses indicated that when timber offerings in the Northern Region are randomly assigned a sale method, sealed-bid sales generated about $6 per 10(3) board ft (1 board ft = 2.4 dm3) more than oral auction sales. When the sale method is based on offering characteristics, oral auction sales produced revenues of about $9 per 10(3) board ft higher than sealed-bid offerings. Recommendations for handling data quality problems are provided. RP SCHUSTER, EG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, INTERMT RES STN, MISSOULA, MT 59807 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 24 IS 1 BP 87 EP 91 DI 10.1139/x94-013 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MY415 UT WOS:A1994MY41500013 ER PT J AU ABT, RC BRUNET, J MURRAY, BC ROBERTS, DG AF ABT, RC BRUNET, J MURRAY, BC ROBERTS, DG TI PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH AND PRICE TRENDS IN THE NORTH-AMERICAN SAWMILLING INDUSTRIES - AN INTERREGIONAL COMPARISON SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB This paper applies nonparametric superlative index techniques to measure productivity growth in the sawmilling industries of the United States and Canada. Six geographic regions are examined: British Columbia (Coast and Interior), Ontario, Quebec, U.S. South, and U.S. West. The results indicate significant adjustment of resources both within and across regional industries over time. Over the long-term, labor has been the input that has experienced the highest growth in productivity: 3-4% per annum in the commodity-oriented regions. This result likely reflects the significant increases in capital stock throughout most of the North American industry. From 1980 to 1988 there have been significant differences in the annualized growth rates in total factor productivity across regions: U.S. West (3.3%), B.C. Interior (2.7%), Quebec (1.9%), U.S. South (1.4%), B.C. Coast (1.3%), and Ontario (1.1%). However, growth in total factor productivity over the 24-year period from 1965 to 1988 is relatively uniform across most regions (1.2% per annum). C1 FORESTRY CANADA,POLICY & ECON DIRECTORATE,HULL K1A 1G5,PQ,CANADA. US FOREST SERV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP ABT, RC (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 24 IS 1 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1139/x94-019 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MY415 UT WOS:A1994MY41500019 ER PT J AU SMITH, KT HOUSTON, DR AF SMITH, KT HOUSTON, DR TI METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN WOOD OF SUGAR MAPLE INFECTED WITH SAPSTREAK DISEASE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note ID TREES AB The inoculation of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) saplings with Ceratocystis virescens (Davidson) C. Moreau (=Ceratocystis coerulescens (Munch) Bakshi), the causal agent of sapstreak disease, resulted in infection and the development of extensive discoloration. A distinct column boundary layer formed between the discolored wood and sapwood in wounded saplings infected with C. virescens and in noninoculated controls. Elemental markers of discoloration and column boundary layer formation were similar for infected and noninoculated control saplings. The extensive damage caused by sapstreak disease is interpreted as resulting from the rapid spread of the pathogen prior to column boundary layer formation. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,HAMDEN,CT 06514. RP SMITH, KT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 24 IS 1 BP 185 EP 188 DI 10.1139/x94-025 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MY415 UT WOS:A1994MY41500025 ER PT J AU CARLSON, CE THEROUX, LJ AF CARLSON, CE THEROUX, LJ TI CONE AND SEED MORPHOLOGY OF WESTERN LARCH (LARIX-OCCIDENTALIS), ALPINE LARCH (LARIX-LYALLII), AND THEIR HYBRIDS, (VOL 23, PG 1264, 1993) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Correction, Addition RP CARLSON, CE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,BOX 8089,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 24 IS 1 BP 199 EP 199 DI 10.1139/x94-029 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MY415 UT WOS:A1994MY41500029 ER PT J AU TREMMEL, DC PATTERSON, DT AF TREMMEL, DC PATTERSON, DT TI EFFECTS OF ELEVATED CO2 AND TEMPERATURE ON DEVELOPMENT IN SOYBEAN AND 5 WEEDS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PLASTOCHRON INDEX; CO2 BY TEMPERATURE INTERACTION; JOHNSONGRASS; QUACKGRASS; REDROOT PIGWEED; SICKLEPOD; VELVETLEAF ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; GLYCINE-MAX; GROWTH; YIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ENRICHMENT; WHEAT AB Developmental rates of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'Braxton'],johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.], quackgrass [Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski], redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.) were compared among plants grown in all combinations of two temperature levels (avg. day/night of 26/19 degrees C and 30/23 degrees C) and two CO2 levels (350 and 700 ppm). Neither temperature nor CO2 affected johnsongrass tillering rate, but plants began tillering earlier at higher temperatures. Adverse effects of higher temperatures on quackgrass development were alleviated by elevated CO2 conditions. Plastochron rate was higher at higher temperatures in all dicot species (soybean, redroot pigweed, sicklepod, and velvetleaf), and was higher at elevated CO2 in all dicots except velvetleaf. Calculating plastochron rates on a degree day basis removed differences between temperature treatments, but did not affect responses to CO2. Responses of dicot branch and branch leaf production to treatments varied among species. Branch production per day increased with higher temperatures in redroot pigweed, decreased with higher temperatures in sicklepod, and was unaffected by temperature in soybean. The relationship between main axis and branch developmental rates was altered by temperature in soybean, and by both temperature and CO2 in sicklepod, but was unaffected by either treatment in redroot pigweed. These results indicate that developmental responses to temperature and CO2 depend on both the species and the aspect of development being considered. C1 DUKE UNIV,USDA ARS,DURHAM,NC 27708. RP TREMMEL, DC (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,DEPT BOT,PHYTOTRON BLDG,BOX 90340,DURHAM,NC 27708, USA. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 15 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 74 IS 1 BP 43 EP 50 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NB313 UT WOS:A1994NB31300008 ER PT J AU JUAN, NA SHEAFFER, CC BARNES, DK AF JUAN, NA SHEAFFER, CC BARNES, DK TI ROOT AND CROWN CHARACTERISTICS OF ALFALFAS VARYING IN FALL DORMANCY SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE ALFALFA; ROOT AND CROWN MORPHOLOGY; FALL DORMANCY; ROOT CARBOHYDRATES AB We compared root and crown characteristics of five alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) entries which differed in fall dormancy. Alfalfas were subjected to bud or mid-bloom harvests. The most consistent entry effect occurred for root and crown dry weight and root total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) concentrations. Root TNC concentration was highest and root and crown weight were greatest for the nondormant and least in the most dormant entries. Entries did not consistently differ in crown bud numbers, shoot number, or shoot origin. In October, the number of elongated crown buds were greater for a non-fall dormant alfalfa Nitro than for the most fall dormant alfalfa. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP JUAN, NA (reprint author), INTA,ESTAC EXPTL,ANGUIL,LA PAMPA,ARGENTINA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 74 IS 1 BP 125 EP 127 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NB313 UT WOS:A1994NB31300021 ER PT J AU DEREGT, D BOLIN, SR HECKERT, RA LOEWEN, KG AF DEREGT, D BOLIN, SR HECKERT, RA LOEWEN, KG TI MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES TO BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS - CROSS-REACTIVITIES TO FIELD ISOLATES AND HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS-STRAINS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Note ID PESTIVIRUSES; GLYCOPROTEIN; PROTEINS; DISEASE; CATTLE AB Monoclonal antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were examined for binding with a large number of North American BVDV isolates and eight strains of the serologically related pestivirus, hog cholera virus (HCV). No single BVDV monoclonal antibody reacted with all BVDV isolates. The most cross-reactive monoclonal antibody was an anti-p80/p125 antibody which showed a positive reaction with 173 of 180 (96%) North American isolates. From a fewer number of isolates tested, one anti-gp53 monoclonal antibody also showed a high cross-reactivity (94%). All BVDV isolates showed a positive reaction with at least one of the seven monoclonal antibodies in the panel. Thus, the results indicated that a pool of these monoclonal antibodies may be used in place of polyclonal antisera for the detection of BVDV contamination of cell lines or for virus isolation. For HCV, all three anti-p80/p125 monoclonal antibodies reacted positively with all eight virus strains. In contrast, none of the anti-gp53 monoclonal antibodies were reactive to HCV strains. Thus, the anti-gp53 monoclonal antibodies may be useful for distinguishing between usually innocuous BVDV infections and the highly significant HCV infections in swine for foreign animal disease surveillance. C1 ANIM DIS RES INST,NEPEAN,ON,CANADA. US ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP DEREGT, D (reprint author), AGR CANADA,ANIM DIS RES INST,POB 640,LETHBRIDGE T1J 3Z4,AB,CANADA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA ON K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 1 BP 71 EP 74 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MT997 UT WOS:A1994MT99700013 PM 8143258 ER PT J AU HICKS, KB HOTCHKISS, AT SASAKI, K IRWIN, PL DONER, LW NAGAHASHI, G HAINES, RM AF HICKS, KB HOTCHKISS, AT SASAKI, K IRWIN, PL DONER, LW NAGAHASHI, G HAINES, RM TI ANALYTICAL AND PREPARATIVE HPLC OF CARBOHYDRATES - INOSITOLS AND OLIGOSACCHARIDES DERIVED FROM CELLULOSE AND PECTIN SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; OLIGOGALACTURONIC ACIDS; SODIUM POLYPECTATE; SEPARATION; ELICITORS; CELLODEXTRINS; PHYTOALEXINS; LYASE; FORM AB New methods are given for the production of cellodextrins by the TFA-catalyzed hydrolysis of cellulose and for the subsequent analytical and preparative high performance liquid chromatography of these useful oligosaccharides. In addition, recent methods developed in this laboratory for the analytical and preparative HPLC of inositols and pectin oligosaccharides are reviewed. RP USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 EI 1879-1344 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PY 1994 VL 25 IS 4 BP 305 EP 313 DI 10.1016/0144-8617(94)90056-6 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA QP095 UT WOS:A1994QP09500009 ER PT J AU POLITZ, ML TIMPA, JD WHITE, AR WASSERMAN, BP AF POLITZ, ML TIMPA, JD WHITE, AR WASSERMAN, BP TI NONAQUEOUS GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY OF WHEAT-STARCH IN DIMETHYLACETAMIDE (DMAC) AND LICL - EXTRUSION-INDUCED FRAGMENTATION SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article ID TEXTURE PROFILE PARAMETERS; CELL-WALL POLYMERS; CORN STARCH; MACROMOLECULAR MODIFICATIONS; ALDITOL ACETATES; COTTON FIBER; AMYLOPECTIN; COOKING; PROTEIN; MEAL AB Automated gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with application of the universal calibration concept was used to investigate the mechanism of extrusion-induced starch fragmentation in wheat. High and low protein flours were subjected to twin-screw extrusion and the effects of moisture, die temperature, screw speed, mass flow rate and protein content on starch structure and textural properties were investigated by non-aqueous GPC in dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and LICl. This solvent system allowed for complete dissolution of the native and extruded starches. The use of refractive index and viscosity detectors enabled application of Mark-Houwink calculations to obtain quantitative size profiles of unprocessed and processed starch, and information describing branching patterns of the starch. Fragmentation was most pronounced in amylopectins of MW 10(7)-10(8), which yielded fragments of MW 1(0)-10(7). Of the operating parameters investigated, low die temperature and low moisture content led to extensive fragmentation. Methylation analysis showed only modest changes in linkage distributions, with little or no increase in terminal glucose indicating few fragmentation points relative to the total number of glycosidic linkages present. The lack of dextrins or oligosaccharides suggests that fragmentation occurs primarily in the B chains of amylopectin. Interactions between die temperature and moisture content were shown to significantly effect the hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness of the extruded flours. C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,COOK COLL,CTR ADV FOOD TECHNOL,NEW JERSEY AGR EXPT STN,DEPT FOOD SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,FARGO,ND. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PY 1994 VL 24 IS 2 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1016/0144-8617(94)90017-5 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA PF250 UT WOS:A1994PF25000002 ER PT J AU FISHMAN, ML HOAGLAND, PD AF FISHMAN, ML HOAGLAND, PD TI CHARACTERIZATION OF STARCHES DISSOLVED IN WATER BY MICROWAVE-HEATING IN A HIGH-PRESSURE VESSEL SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; VISCOSITY; GYRATION; AMYLOSE AB Starch granules derived from four corn varieties were dispersed in water and depending on variety about 49-71% of the granules dissolved by microwave heating in a high pressure vessel (MWHPV). The apparent ratios of amylopectin to amylose were 1:0, 3:1, 1:1 and 3:7. High performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) was carried out using two mu Bondagel(dagger) and one Synchropak(dagger) HPSEC columns placed in series. These had size exclusion limits specified by their manufacturers as 400 nm, 100 nm, and 10 nm, respectively. The mobile phase was 0.05 M NaNO3. For each starch composition, refractive index and viscosity chromatograms were obtained and fitted with the same six Gaussian components by nonlinear regression analysis. Calibration of the column set with pullulan and dextran standards in hydrodynamic volume and root mean square radius of gyration (R(g)) enabled calculation of the intrinsic viscosity (IV), molecular weight (M), and R(g) for each component in addition to global values of these quantities for the entire distribution. Analysis of the data revealed that as starches eluted from the column set, there were large changes in M and R(g) and rather small changes in IV. Furthermore, MWHPV containing water as employed here produces starch of relatively large molecular weight and size but low intrinsic viscosity leading to the conclusion that dense starch granule fragments were solubilized. RP FISHMAN, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 18 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PY 1994 VL 23 IS 3 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1016/0144-8617(94)90100-7 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA NU720 UT WOS:A1994NU72000004 ER PT J AU LAWTON, JW FANTA, GF AF LAWTON, JW FANTA, GF TI GLYCEROL-PLASTICIZED FILMS PREPARED FROM STARCH POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) MIXTURES - EFFECT OF POLY(ETHYLENE-CO-ACRYLIC ACID) SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article ID GEL RHEOLOGY; BLOWN FILMS; CORNSTARCH; DISPERSIONS; COMPOSITES; COMPLEXES; VISCOSITY AB Equations were obtained from response surface models to show how the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and percent elongation at break (%E) of solution-cast films vary with relative amounts of starch, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA) and glycerol in the formulation. Equations found from the response surface methodology were used to optimize the relative amounts of the four components with respect to the physical properties of cast films. The model showed that only glycerol content was important to predict the UTS of the films. The model for %E was more complicated, since there was a three-way interaction between EAA, PVA and glycerol. This model also contained two other terms: a two-way interaction evolving glycerol and EAA, and a (PVA)3 term. In general, %E increased as EAA. PVA and glycerol were increased together. However, increased amounts of EAA could decrease %E if EAA was the only component increased. It is believed that EAA forms complexes with both starch and PVA, thereby increasing compatibility of the two polyhydroxy polymers. As %E increases, UTS of the films decreases. All the films produced in this paper were made with starch contents above 50% to insure an optimum film formulation with at least 50% starch. A mixture of 55.6% starch, 2.8% EAA, 28.3% PVA and 13.3% glycerol is believed to be close to the optimum formulation to obtain films having at least 100%E and UTS of 25 MPA, while still maintaining starch concentrations above 50%. RP LAWTON, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 30 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PY 1994 VL 23 IS 4 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1016/0144-8617(94)90190-2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA NX367 UT WOS:A1994NX36700008 ER PT S AU DROLESKEY, RE ANDREWS, K DELOACH, JR AF DROLESKEY, RE ANDREWS, K DELOACH, JR BE Deloach, JR Way, JL TI THE OCCURRENCE OF VESICULATED CELLS WITHIN CARRIER CELLS PREPARED BY SLOW HYPOTONIC DIALYSIS SO CARRIER AND BIOREACTOR RED BLOOD CELLS FOR DRUG DELIVERY AND TARGETING SE ADVANCES IN THE BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th ISURE Conference - Carrier and Bioreactor Red Blood Cells for Drug Delivery and Targeting CY OCT 14-17, 1993 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP INT SOC USE RESEALED ERYTHROCYTES DE ERYTHROCYTE; HYPOTONIC DIALYSIS; ENDOCYTOSIS; ENCAPSULATION; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0065-3446 BN 0-08-042496-1 J9 ADV BIOSCI PY 1994 VL 92 BP 109 EP 118 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BA79Z UT WOS:A1994BA79Z00014 ER PT S AU KIRCH, HJ MOYES, RB CHIARANTINI, L DELOACH, JR AF KIRCH, HJ MOYES, RB CHIARANTINI, L DELOACH, JR BE Deloach, JR Way, JL TI IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-2 COATED ERYTHROCYTES ANTIBODY-TARGETED TO T-LYMPHOCYTES SO CARRIER AND BIOREACTOR RED BLOOD CELLS FOR DRUG DELIVERY AND TARGETING SE ADVANCES IN THE BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th ISURE Conference - Carrier and Bioreactor Red Blood Cells for Drug Delivery and Targeting CY OCT 14-17, 1993 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP INT SOC USE RESEALED ERYTHROCYTES DE ERYTHROCYTES; ANTIBODY TARGETED ERYTHROCYTES; T-CELLS; INTERLEUKIN-2; CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0065-3446 BN 0-08-042496-1 J9 ADV BIOSCI PY 1994 VL 92 BP 137 EP 149 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BA79Z UT WOS:A1994BA79Z00018 ER PT S AU MOYES, RB KIRCH, HJ DELOACH, JR AF MOYES, RB KIRCH, HJ DELOACH, JR BE Deloach, JR Way, JL TI IMMUNOTHERAPEUTIC EVALUATION OF HUMAN RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN-2 (RIL2) COATED ERYTHROCYTES USING THE MURINE MODEL SO CARRIER AND BIOREACTOR RED BLOOD CELLS FOR DRUG DELIVERY AND TARGETING SE ADVANCES IN THE BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th ISURE Conference - Carrier and Bioreactor Red Blood Cells for Drug Delivery and Targeting CY OCT 14-17, 1993 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP INT SOC USE RESEALED ERYTHROCYTES DE RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN-2; IMMUNOTHERAPY; ERYTHROCYTE CARRIER; INTERFERON-GAMMA C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0065-3446 BN 0-08-042496-1 J9 ADV BIOSCI PY 1994 VL 92 BP 151 EP 161 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BA79Z UT WOS:A1994BA79Z00019 ER PT J AU PETERSON, DM AF PETERSON, DM TI BARLEY TOCOLS - EFFECTS OF MILLING, MALTING, AND MASHING SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BREWERS SPENT GRAIN; TOCOTRIENOLS; CHOLESTEROL AB Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) tocols were analyzed in products resulting from milling, malting, and mashing. Tocols in hand-dissected kernel fractions were also measured to explain results obtained with the milled fractions. Tocols were extracted with methanol and measured by fluorescence detection after high-performance liquid chromatography. Removal of the hull, aleurone, and germ by abrasion (pearling) significantly lowered the tocol concentration of the pearled barley as compared to whole kernels, but the by-product (material removed) was rich in tocols. Barley hulls and endosperm had substantial tocol concentrations, especially tocotrienols, whereas the germ contained a high concentration of alpha-tocopherol. The germ also contained significant quantities of beta-tocotrienol. Malting had essentially no effect on tocol concentration, but brewers' spent grains were enriched in tocols. It was concluded that high tocol concentrations of milling by-product and brewers' spent grains could make them valuable additions to food products. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,AGR EXPT STN,MADISON,WI 53706. RP PETERSON, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,501 N WALNUT ST,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 15 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 71 IS 1 BP 42 EP 44 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MW346 UT WOS:A1994MW34600008 ER PT J AU ZAYAS, IY BECHTEL, DB WILSON, JD DEMPSTER, RE AF ZAYAS, IY BECHTEL, DB WILSON, JD DEMPSTER, RE TI DISTINGUISHING SELECTED HARD AND SOFT RED WINTER WHEATS BY IMAGE-ANALYSIS OF STARCH GRANULES SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENDOSPERM AB Starch was isolated from 24 wheat samples representing 14 hard red winter (HRW) and 10 soft red winter (SRW) wheats grown in various areas of Kansas. Samples with a wide range of near-infrared reflectance hardness values were selected from the Kansas Winter Wheat Performance Test. Isolated starch images were video-recorded using dark-field light microscopy, and the digital images were analyzed by extracting various morphometric parameters. Two of these, equivalent diameter and aspect ratio, were useful in discriminating HRW from SRW wheats. Statistical analysis procedures were used to transform the raw data (equivalent diameter and aspect ratio) into frequency percentages within defined ranges. This transformation resulted in a new set of distributional data called counts. A plot of data for Count 4 (equivalent diameter in the 5.5-7.0 mum range) versus data for Count 3 (aspect ratio in the 1.65-1.95 mum range) was able to distinguish HRW wheats from SRW wheats, even though the near-infrared reflectance hardness values overlapped. Distributional analyses of the starch granule size and shape descriptors proved useful in classifying hard and soft wheats. RP ZAYAS, IY (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 14 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 71 IS 1 BP 82 EP 86 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MW346 UT WOS:A1994MW34600016 ER PT J AU RUSSO, VM PAPPELIS, AJ AF RUSSO, VM PAPPELIS, AJ TI EFFECT OF PLANTING DATE AND CULTIVAR ON SENESCENCE IN SWEET CORN SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ZEA-MAYS VAR RUGOSA; SENESCENCE; PLANTING DATE; CULTIVAR; PLANT DEVELOPMENT AB Tissue senescence represents physical and physiological changes in sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa Bonaf . ) . Senescence rates in supersweet corn are not well known, nor are the factors which contribute to senescence, Standard (su), supersweet (sh2), and sugary enhancer (se, a homozygous and heterozygous genotype) cultivars were sown on 31 March, 14 and 28 April, and 12 May 1992, and 2, 16 and 30 April, and 14 May 1993. Senescence rates of stalk and shank internodes and cobs were determined at fresh market harvest. Senescence rate increased up through the stalk internodes. In 1992, 'Merit' (su) generally had the highest stalk internode senescence ratings, but 'D'Artagnan' (se, heterozygous) had the highest shank internode senescence ratings. In 1993, 'Florida Staysweet' (sh2) and 'Zenith' (sh2) had the lowest stalk senescence ratings, and 'Incredible' (se, homozygous) the highest shank senescence ratings. Cobs were almost completely senescent in both years. Plants sown at the first (1992) or first and second (1993) planting dates had the lowest stalk and shank internode senescence ratings. Understanding senescence could increase the knowledge of metabolism and development in sweet corn. RP RUSSO, VM (reprint author), USDA,S CENT AGR RES LAB,POB 159,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 1994 VL 22 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 128 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NN670 UT WOS:A1994NN67000017 ER PT J AU RIEDELL, WE AF RIEDELL, WE TI ROOT RESPONSES OF MAIZE HYBRIDS FOLLOWING CORN-ROOTWORM LARVAL FEEDING DAMAGE SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; ZEA-MAYS; ROOTS; PLANT X INSECT INTERACTIONS AB The degree of tolerance of maize (Zea mays L.) to corn rootworm (Diabrotica spp.) larval feeding may be affected by root system growth after insect feeding damage. This study evaluated the change in root pull resistance (DELTARPR; as determined by the subtracting the root pull resistance at the time of maximum larval feeding damage from the root pull resistance measured 17 days later) caused by western corn rootworm (D. virgifera virgifera LeConte) larval feeding damage in single-cross maize hybrids which were popular with corn producers during three successive 10-yr eras. The 2-yr field study was conducted as a split-split plot with plant population as main plot treatments, rootworm infestation levelas subplot treatments, and plant hybrid as sub-subplot treatments. Increased plaNt populations reduced vertical root pull resistance and delayed root development (as measured by the number of nodes producing root axes). Under dry soil conditions, there was a significant plant population x infestation level x hybrid interaction because increased rootworm larval feeding damage and plant population reduced DELTARPR to a great extent in 1960-era hybrids, while the 1980 and 1970-era hybrids were relatively unaffected. Under wet soil conditions, there was no significant effect of infestation level or plant population on DELTARPR, and no significant 3-way interaction. However, DELTARPR of 1980 and 1970-era hybrids was greater than that of 1960-era hybrids. When the change in root pull resistance after rootworm larval feeding is considered, maize hybrids popular in the 1970's and 1980's were more tolerant than the 1960-era hybrids under high plant populations and dry growing conditions. RP RIEDELL, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 1994 VL 22 IS 4 BP 327 EP 335 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA PW369 UT WOS:A1994PW36900007 ER PT B AU MALIN, EL TUNICK, MH SMITH, PW SHIEH, JJ SULLIVAN, BC HOLSINGER, VH AF MALIN, EL TUNICK, MH SMITH, PW SHIEH, JJ SULLIVAN, BC HOLSINGER, VH GP INT DAIRY FEDERAT TI EFFECT OF HOMOGENIZATION ON THE PROPERTIES OF LOW-FAT MOZZARELLA CHEESE SO CHEESE YIELD AND FACTORS AFFECTING ITS CONTROL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IDF Seminar on Cheese Yield and Factors Affecting Its Control CY APR 19-21, 1993 CL CORK, IRELAND SP INT DAIRY FEDERAT C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT DAIRY FEDERAT PI BRUSSELS PA 41 SQUARE VERGOTE, B-1040 BRUSSELS, BELGIUM BN 92-9098-013-5 PY 1994 BP 487 EP 493 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BA92T UT WOS:A1994BA92T00057 ER EF