FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU TUNICK, MH MALIN, EL SHIEH, JJ HOLSINGER, VH AF TUNICK, MH MALIN, EL SHIEH, JJ HOLSINGER, VH GP INT DAIRY FEDERAT TI APPROACHES TO DETECTING MISLABELED CHEESES SO CHEESE YIELD AND FACTORS AFFECTING ITS CONTROL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IDF Seminar on Cheese Yield and Factors Affecting Its Control CY APR 19-21, 1993 CL CORK, IRELAND SP INT DAIRY FEDERAT C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT DAIRY FEDERAT PI BRUSSELS PA 41 SQUARE VERGOTE, B-1040 BRUSSELS, BELGIUM BN 92-9098-013-5 PY 1994 BP 520 EP 527 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BA92T UT WOS:A1994BA92T00061 ER PT J AU RODRIGUEZ, CR SEMAN, LJ ORDOVAS, JM JENNER, J GENEST, MSJ WILSON, PWF SCHAEFER, EJ AF RODRIGUEZ, CR SEMAN, LJ ORDOVAS, JM JENNER, J GENEST, MSJ WILSON, PWF SCHAEFER, EJ TI LIPOPROTEIN(A) AND CORONARY HEART-DISEASE SO CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE LIPOPROTEIN(A); CORONARY HEART DISEASE ID PLASMA LP(A) LIPOPROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; ARTERY DISEASE; SIZE HETEROGENEITY; MESSENGER-RNA; CEREBROVASCULAR-DISEASE; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; GENE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; INHERITANCE AB Elevated plasma or serum lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels have been associated with premature coronary heart disease (CHD). Lp(a) levels can be assessed quantitatively by electrophoresis and quantitatively by immunoassays determining either total Lp(a) mass, apo(a) mass on Lp(a) protein mass, or by precipitation methods followed by measurement of Lp(a) cholesterol. We prefer the latter method because it can be standardized. Electrophoretic methods can detect total Lp(a) values greater than or equal to 30 mg/dl. These values correspond to Lp(a) cholesterol values greater than or equal to 10 mg/dl. Such values are above the 75th percentile and represent high risk values for CHD. Values above the 90th percentile for middle aged men and women in Framingham (n = 2678) are greater than or equal to 38 mg/dl for total Lp(a). About 16% of patients with premature CHD (n = 321) have such values and have familial Lp(a) excess. Lp(a) is atherogenic because it can be deposited in the arterial wall, and it also can interfere with fibrinolysis. Multiple apo(a) isoforms have been found and are due to a variable number of kringle 4 like repeats. Lower molecular weight apo(a) isoforms forms are associated with elevated Lp(a) values and are more frequent in CHD kindreds. Both Lp(a) levels and apo(a) isoforms are highly heritable in this Caucasian population. Lp(a) values can be decreased with niacin, and such therapy should be strongly considered in CHD patients with elevated Lp(a) levels (greater than or equal to 30 mg/dl) since niacin treatment has been shown to decrease CHD morbidity and mortality in unselected CHD patients. C1 FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA. RP RODRIGUEZ, CR (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL35243]; NIDDK NIH HHS [5-T32-DK07471-10] NR 48 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0009-3084 J9 CHEM PHYS LIPIDS JI Chem. Phys. Lipids PY 1994 VL 67-8 SI SI BP 389 EP 398 DI 10.1016/0009-3084(94)90161-9 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA NB029 UT WOS:A1994NB02900044 PM 8187239 ER PT J AU VEILLON, C PATTERSON, KY NAGEY, DA TEHAN, AM AF VEILLON, C PATTERSON, KY NAGEY, DA TEHAN, AM TI MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD-VOLUME WITH AN ENRICHED STABLE-ISOTOPE OF CHROMIUM (CR-53) AND ISOTOPE-DILUTION BY COMBINED GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE FETAL STATUS; PEDIATRIC CHEMISTRY ID NONRADIOISOTOPIC SODIUM CHROMATE; RED-CELL VOLUME AB We used an established isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method to measure blood volumes with an enriched stable isotope of chromium. The results were compared with those of the conventional method, which involves radioactive Cr-51. The two methods were compared simultaneously in two male subjects of different sizes, and essentially identical volumes were obtained. The isotope dilution method is insensitive to contamination with natural (unenriched) chromium and can be used to measure all of the stable isotopes of chromium. The method has potential applications in simultaneous erythrocyte survival studies. The absence of radioactivity makes possible an accurate means of studying blood volume changes in children and during pregnancy. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DIV MATERNAL FETAL MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT NUCL MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. RP VEILLON, C (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BLDG 307,RM 117,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 40 IS 1 BP 71 EP 73 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA NA659 UT WOS:A1994NA65900014 PM 8287547 ER PT B AU Ewert, A McAvoy, L AF Ewert, A McAvoy, L BE McAvoy, LH Stringer, LA Ewert, A TI Outdoor education research: Implications for social/educational and natural resource policy SO COALITION FOR EDUCATION IN THE OUTDOORS, SECOND RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Research Symposium of Coalition-for-the-Education-in-the-Outdoors CY JAN 14-16, 1994 CL BRADFORD WOODS, IN SP Coalit Educ Outdoors DE outdoor education; public policy; resource management; social/educational issues AB This paper discusses the relationships between outdoor education and public policy from the perspectives of natural resource management and social/educational systems. We present a historical and contemporary look at policy issues and conclude with recommendations on how the field of outdoor education can have a greater impact in the area of public policy. C1 FOREST SERV,USDA,DIV RECREAT WILDERNESS & URBAN FORESTERY RES,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU COALITION EDUCATION OUTDOORS PI CORTLAND PA DEPT RECREATION & LEISURE STUD SUNY COLL CORTLAND, CORTLAND, NY 13045 PY 1994 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BH46C UT WOS:A1994BH46C00002 ER PT J AU LINZ, GM BERGMAN, DL BLIXT, DC BLEIER, WJ AF LINZ, GM BERGMAN, DL BLIXT, DC BLEIER, WJ TI RESPONSE OF BLACK TERNS (CHLIDONIAS-NIGER) TO GLYPHOSATE-INDUCED HABITAT ALTERATIONS ON WETLANDS SO COLONIAL WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE BLACK TERN; CATTAILS; CHLIDONIAS NIGER; GLYPHOSATE; HABITAT; NORTH DAKOTA; TYPHA; WETLANDS AB The Black Tern (Chlidonias niger) is considered an endangered species in some states and is a category two species for listing as a federally threatened or endangered species. In the northern Great Plains, cattails (Typha spp.) have over-grown many wetlands, contributing to the decline in numbers of Black Terns. We aerially wetlands with glyphosate herbicide to assess the influence of habitat changes on Black Terns. In 1990 and 1991, two separate experiments were initiated in northeastern North Dakota whereby wetlands were randomly assigned one of three spray coverages with glyphosate. In one experiment, Black Terns used treated wetlands more than untreated wetlands (P < 0.1). In the other experiment, densities of Black Terns were similar between untreated and treated wetlands (P > 0.1). A stepwise multiple regression indicated a significant positive relationship between the number of Black Terns and hectares of water and dead emergent vegetation in the wetland ( r(2) = 0.51). Black Terns use of a wetland may be positively influenced by floating mats of dead cattails, live emergent vegetation, and open water. RP LINZ, GM (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,N DAKOTA FIELD STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. RI Bergman, David/C-6874-2015 OI Bergman, David/0000-0002-6757-643X NR 0 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU COLONIAL WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0738-6028 J9 COLON WATERBIRD JI Colon. Waterbirds PY 1994 VL 17 IS 2 BP 160 EP 167 DI 10.2307/1521294 PG 8 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA QA205 UT WOS:A1994QA20500006 ER PT J AU KREMER, RJ AF KREMER, RJ TI DETERMINATION OF SOIL PHOSPHATASE-ACTIVITY USING A MICROPLATE METHOD SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; TILLAGE AB Rapid and efficient methods for determining soil enzyme activities are needed for timely assessment of total soil microbial activity and soil quality. A microplate method was developed and compared to a standard method for assays of soil phosphatase. The microplate method was similar to the standard method in accuracy of determination, required less chemical reagents, and considerably reduced the time required for analyses. RP KREMER, RJ (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,144 MUMFORD HALL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1994 VL 25 IS 3-4 BP 319 EP 325 DI 10.1080/00103629409369039 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA MZ024 UT WOS:A1994MZ02400013 ER PT J AU BONA, L CARVER, BF WRIGHT, RJ BALIGAR, VC AF BONA, L CARVER, BF WRIGHT, RJ BALIGAR, VC TI ALUMINUM TOLERANCE OF SEGREGATING WHEAT POPULATIONS IN ACIDIC SOIL AND NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID TOXICITY AB Increased demand for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars tolerant to acid-soil stress has accelerated genetic research on aluminum (Al) tolerance in soil and solution media. Our objective was to characterize the genetic segregation of tolerant and susceptible plants from two populations in an Al-toxic Porters soil (coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic Umbric Dystrochrepts), and in nutrient solutions with 0.09, 0.18, 0.36, 0.72, and 0.90 mM Al. Rapid bioassays were applied to determine seedling responses of two Al-tolerant (Cardinal and Becker) and two susceptible cultivars (GK Zombor and GK Kincso) and their F2 progenies. In the Al-toxic soil, Becker/Kincso F2 and Cardinal/Zombor F2 exhibited contrasting segregation patterns but with similar heritability values (0.60 and 0.57, respectively). Higher values of root length in soil were dominant in Cardinal/Zombor F2 (degree of dominance, d = 0.98), but dominance was absent (d = 0.07) for Becker/Kincso F2. The results of the soil and nutrient-solution experiments were not entirely consistent; gene expression appeared to be influenced by the concentration of Al in the nutrient solution. The frequency of susceptible F2 plants increased proportionately to the increase in Al concentration for both populations. This unexpected pattern provides further evidence that segregation wheat populations cannot always be explained by single-gene inheritance. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. RP BONA, L (reprint author), CEREAL RES INST,POB 391,H-6701 SZEGED,HUNGARY. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1994 VL 25 IS 3-4 BP 327 EP 339 DI 10.1080/00103629409369040 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA MZ024 UT WOS:A1994MZ02400014 ER PT J AU PRIOR, SA ROGERS, HH AF PRIOR, SA ROGERS, HH TI A MANUAL SOIL CORING SYSTEM FOR SOIL-ROOT STUDIES SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB Factors such as small plot size, restricted access, and remote sites can often limit adequate sampling of belowground components in field research. Thus, the objective of this study was to design and construct a simple, inexpensive, portable soil coring system for rapid deployment under field conditions which eliminated some or all of the above mentioned limitations. Components of the system included a manual driver of adjustable weight, a manual core extractor, and steel core tubes with clear plastic (butyrate) liners which encase the soil core for retrieval and transport. This system proved to be reliable and efficient in repeated field trials, causing minimal plot disturbance. The use of Styrofoam plugs to separate multiple core samples within the plastic liner drastically reduced the time spent on handling individual samples. Continuous soil cores measuring up to 1 m long can also be collected with this system. The use of plastic liners also greatly facilitated the transport and storage of samples. This low cost system was convenient to operate and assemble or disassemble in a field setting. The unit proved to be effective in cases where mechanized approaches were prohibited or unavailable. RP PRIOR, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS,DEPT AGR,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,POB 3439,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1994 VL 25 IS 5-6 BP 517 EP 522 DI 10.1080/00103629409369059 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA NC849 UT WOS:A1994NC84900007 ER PT J AU ADAMSEN, FJ WRIGHT, FS AF ADAMSEN, FJ WRIGHT, FS TI RESPONSE OF VIRGINIA-TYPE PEANUTS UNDER CONSERVATIONAL TILLAGE TO GYPSUM SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB When peanut is grown under conservational tillage systems which leave residue on the surface, yields are lower than under conventional tillage. There is evidence that nutrition plays a roll in the lower yields. In this study, Virginia-type peanuts were grown under conventional and conservational tillage to determine tillage influence on soil and leaf Ca levels and to evaluate yield response to extra gypsum. The Virginia-type peanut cultivar NC 6 was grown under conventional till (CT) and conservational (NT) systems with three cultivation levels and two gypsum application levels applied to the NT system. Yields were lower in the NT system than in the CT system. Yields in the NT system did not respond to cultivation or gypsum rate. Seed and pod Ca increased with increased gypsum application as did soil Ca. Soil Ca increased with gypsum application. The lack of yield response to cultivation suggests that yield losses occur because of differences early in the growing season. Additional work is needed to overcome the peanut yield loss associated with tillage systems which leave residue on the soil surface. C1 USDA ARS,PEANUT PROD DIS & HARVEST RES UNIT,SUFFOLK,VA. RP ADAMSEN, FJ (reprint author), US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1994 VL 25 IS 5-6 BP 637 EP 650 DI 10.1080/00103629409369069 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA NC849 UT WOS:A1994NC84900017 ER PT J AU SCHEPERS, JS AF SCHEPERS, JS TI NEW DIAGNOSTIC-TOOLS FOR TISSUE TESTING SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB Diagnostic procedures that identify nutrient deficiencies and excesses in crops will likely gain prominence in the future. One reason is environmental concerns are driving producers to more timely and judicious use of fertilizers and waste products. Economics is an equally important factor that ultimately dictates producer practices. Advancements made in global positioning systems (GPS), geographical information systems (GIS), and variable rate application technology (VRAT) have made it possible to make nutrient management practices more site specific and reduce losses through runoff and leaching. These technologies open many opportunities for tissue testing because as whole-field fertilizer application practices become more closely scrutinized, and nutrient deficiencies will become more obvious. Diagnosing these deficiencies will likely involve a combination of new technologies, such as on-the-go yield monitoring devices and aerial photography to identify problem areas in fields. Various analytical procedures will be needed to characterize these problem areas. These approaches will clear the way for more precise nutrient recommendations, but a network of laboratory specialist, consultants, farm managers, and fertilizer dealers will be needed to help producers implement improved management practices. RP SCHEPERS, JS (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1994 VL 25 IS 7-8 BP 817 EP 826 DI 10.1080/00103629409369082 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA NK816 UT WOS:A1994NK81600008 ER PT J AU SWADER, F WOODWARD, M AF SWADER, F WOODWARD, M TI PRECISION NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT - IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND NEEDS FOR THE FUTURE SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article C1 USDA,EXTENS SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP SWADER, F (reprint author), USDA,WORKING GRP WATER QUAL,324A ADM BLDG,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1994 VL 25 IS 7-8 BP 881 EP 888 DI 10.1080/00103629409369086 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA NK816 UT WOS:A1994NK81600012 ER PT J AU BANUELOS, GS AKOHOUE, S AF BANUELOS, GS AKOHOUE, S TI COMPARISON OF MICROWAVE DIGESTION WITH BLOCK DIGESTION FOR SELENIUM AND BORON ANALYSIS IN PLANT-TISSUES SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID ACID; SPECTROMETRY; SOILS AB Microwave digestion and block digestion of selected plant tissues, including National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Materials, were conducted and evaluated for their effectiveness in the determination of selenium (Se) and boron (B). With microwave digestion, two major parameters were manipulated for digesting botanical materials, microwave energy power profiles (power, time, and pressure) and volume of chemical reagents. Results show that microwave digestion is at least four hours faster than block digestion. However, the recovery rates for Se and B are 20-30% lower by microwave digestion if there is no predigestion and the inappropriate volume and combination of chemical reagents are used. The optimal combinations for microwave digestion of the tested parameters are as follows: for Se, the 0.25 g of sample material is predigested for fourhours with 2 mL nitric acid (HNO3), 2 mL 30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and 1 mL H2O. The microwave is set at 95% power and pressure at 150 psig (10.5 kg/cm) for 30 min. For B, 0.25 g of sample material is predigested for 30 min with 0.5 mL HNO3 and 2.5 mL 30% 11202. The microwave is then set at the first stage at 50% power, pressure at 10.5 kg/cm for 15 min followed by the second stage at 90% power, and pressure at 10.5 kg/cm for 30 min. The concentrations of Se and B from block digestion are consistent with the concentrations of Se and B reported by NIST. RP BANUELOS, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,2021 S PEACH,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 12 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1994 VL 25 IS 9-10 BP 1655 EP 1670 DI 10.1080/00103629409369142 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA NK817 UT WOS:A1994NK81700036 ER PT J AU RAESE, JT AF RAESE, JT TI EFFECT OF FERTILIZERS ON SOIL-PH AND PERFORMANCE OF APPLE AND PEAR TREES .2. GROWN IN DIFFERENT SOILS IN THE ORCHARD SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID LOW-PHOSPHORUS SOIL; NITROGEN; GREENHOUSE AB In the apple orchard, trees fertilized with calcium nitrate resulted in the highest soil pH (6.4) whereas the lowest pH (4.7 and 4.6) occurred with ammonium nitrate and with mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) applications, respectively. Soil pH values were lowest with the high rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizers. Red skin color of 'Delicious' apples was generally improved with calcium nitrate fertilization, higher soil pH values, and with lower fruit manganese (Mn) concentrations or with lower N fertilizer rates. Incidence of bitter pit was lowest for trees fertilized with ammonium nitrate or calcium nitrate. In the pear orchard, the lowest soil pH (4.2) occurred when trees were fertilized with the high rate of MAP and the highest soil pH (4.8) occurred with the high rate of calcium nitrate applications. Fruit size was slightly smaller on trees fertilized with the high rate of MAP. Lowest incidence of superficial cork or green stain fruit disorders occurred on trees receiving the high rate of calcium nitrate. Fruit quality and mineral nutrient composition of leaves and fruit were determined for apples and pears. RP RAESE, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1994 VL 25 IS 9-10 BP 1865 EP 1880 DI 10.1080/00103629409369159 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA NK817 UT WOS:A1994NK81700053 ER PT J AU LI, YM STANISLAVOVA, L CHANEY, RL AF LI, YM STANISLAVOVA, L CHANEY, RL TI DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CADMIUM IN CALCAREOUS SOILS BY EXTRACTION USING ALIQUAT-336 AND 3-HEPTANONE AFTER AQUA REGIA DIGESTION SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID LEAD; COPPER; ZINC AB Measurement of total soil cadmium (Cd) is difficult due to calcium (Ca) and other chemicals which cause high background absorbance when trace levels of Cd are to be determined. When soil Cd is low, even use of deuterium background correction with flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) cannot provide accurate Cd results. Use of furnace atomic absorption with method of standard additions can circumvent these interferences, but the cost and time required are substantial. We desired a more rapid, convenient, and reliable alternative to extraction using dithizone and back-extraction into acid, or to ammonium pyrollidinedithiocarbamate (APDC) which does not require close pH adjustment nor have many sources of potantial contamination. We evaluated analysis of these complex soil extracts with the method of Viets (1978) which extracts metals from 1N acid solutions using Aliquat-336 in methylisobutyl-ketone (MIBK). We tested the use of the less toxic and less water soluble 3-heptanone as an organic solvent alternative to MIBK which can be directly analyzed by flame atomic absorption. A series of extraction experiments were conducted to determine if Cd was extracted from standard solutions and from total metal digests of calcareous soils into an Aliquat-336/3-heptanone solution, and under what conditions extraction was optimum. In the optimum method, Cd was extracted from aqua regia soil digests by 10% Aliquat-336 in 3-heptanone without addition of ascorbic acid or potassium iodide (KI) used by Viets. Excellent recovery of Cd was obtained for both standard reference soils and low Cd highly calcareous soils from North Dakota and Minnesota. Addition of ascorbic acid and KI did not increase the efficiency of extraction indicating that the extraction system used was free of ferric-iron [Fe(III)] interference. The ion-association complex of Cd remained stable for at least 24 hr after extraction, providing a very convenient method to analyze low levels of total Cd in soils and other geologic materials. C1 POUSHKAROV INST SOIL SCI & ARGEOCOL,SOFIA,BULGARIA. USDA ARS,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LI, YM (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & WEED SCI,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1994 VL 25 IS 11-12 BP 2029 EP 2045 DI 10.1080/00103629409369170 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA NU662 UT WOS:A1994NU66200009 ER PT J AU MAYLAND, HF ROBBINS, CW AF MAYLAND, HF ROBBINS, CW TI SULFATE UPTAKE BY SALINITY-TOLERANT PLANT-SPECIES SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID POLIOENCEPHALOMALACIA; CATTLE; SULFUR AB High soluble-sulfate (SO4) concentrations affect water quality, soil chemistry, plant sulfur (S) levels, and possibly ruminant-animal health. The objective of this greenhouse pot study was to determine the potential for accumulating high levels of S by tansy mustard (Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britton), kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad.), yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis L.), slender wheatgrass (Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Plants were grown on both a Brinegar (fine-loamy Ultic Argixeroll) and Portneuf (coarse silty Durixerollic Calciorthid) soil. Each species received five-SO4 levels. The saturation extract electrical conductivity (EC) of the cropped soils ranged from 6 to 16 dS/m, while the soluble SO4 varied from 16 to 200 mmolc/kg soil. Soil solutions were saturated or very nearly saturated with respect to gypsum at the conclusion of each study. Plant dry matter yield, except of grass growing on the non-calcareous soil, was not reduced by SO4 treatment nor by the sulfate-induced decrease in mole fraction of calcium (Ca)/(sum cations) to values less than 0.10 for kochia and grass. Sulfur concentration in the plants ranged from 2.5 mg/g in grass to 10 mg/g in mustard and for each species was linearly related to the SO4 treatment and soil-SO4 activity. Plant SO4-S values ranged from 70 mug/g in the grass to nearly 900 mug/g in mustard. Total nitrogen (N):organic S was 4.4, 7.5, 11.4, 16.5, and 5.8 for mustard, kochia, clover, grass, and sunflower, respectively. It was concluded that these species could accumulate high levels of S in the above ground tissue. RP MAYLAND, HF (reprint author), USDA ARS,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 1994 VL 25 IS 13-14 BP 2523 EP 2541 DI 10.1080/00103629409369205 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA NW956 UT WOS:A1994NW95600021 ER PT J AU FEDORKACRAY, PJ ANDERSON, GA CRAY, WC GRAY, JT BREISCH, SA AF FEDORKACRAY, PJ ANDERSON, GA CRAY, WC GRAY, JT BREISCH, SA TI ACTINOBACILLUS (HAEMOPHILUS) PLEUROPNEUMONIAE .2. VIRULENCE FACTORS, IMMUNITY, AND VACCINES SO COMPENDIUM ON CONTINUING EDUCATION FOR THE PRACTICING VETERINARIAN LA English DT Review AB Successful control of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae, the principal causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, relies on vaccination protocols as well as rigorous management practices. Generation of safe and effective vaccines is contingent on inclusion of the virulence factors that induce the development of a protective immune response. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae exhibits a number of virulence factors, including capsule, lipopolysaccharide, exotoxins, and outer membrane proteins. The capsule provides protection from host defense mechanisms, lipopolysaccharide is important in inflammation, some of the exotoxins seem to be important in lung lesion development, and outer membrane proteins may be important in regulation of surface proteins in response to environmental growth conditions. Active immunity to these virulence factors after natural or experimental infection can be detected in a herd within 10 days after exposure to the live organism. RP FEDORKACRAY, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU VETERINARY LEARNING SYSTEMS PI TRENTON PA 425 PHILLIPS BLVD #100, TRENTON, NJ 08618 SN 0193-1903 J9 COMP CONT EDUC PRACT JI Compend. Contin. Educ. Pract. Vet. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 16 IS 1 BP 117 EP & PG 0 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MT154 UT WOS:A1994MT15400009 ER PT B AU REYNOLDS, BJ AF REYNOLDS, BJ BE Cotterill, RW TI COOPERATIVES AND MARKETING AGENCIES IN COMMON SO COMPETITIVE STRATEGY ANALYSIS FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKETING COOPERATIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on New Strategic Directions for Agricultural Marketing Cooperatives CY JUN 24-25, 1992 CL BOSTON, MA SP REG RES PROJECT NE 165, PRIVATE STRATEGIES PUBLIC POLICIES & FOOD SYST PERF, ORMANCE, REG COORDINATING COMM NCR 140 COOPERAT, USDA, AGR COOPERAT SERV, NATL COUNCIL FARMER COOPERAT, COOPERAT BUSINESS ASSOC, UNIV CONNECTICUT FOOD MKT POLICY CTR C1 USDA,AGR COOPERAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTVIEW PRESS PI BOULDER PA 5500 CENTRAL AVENUE, BOULDER, CO 80301-2877 BN 0-8133-2159-X PY 1994 BP 173 EP 184 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BA71T UT WOS:A1994BA71T00007 ER PT B AU HUANG, K VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF HUANG, K VANGENUCHTEN, MT BE Peters, A Wittum, G Herrling, B Meissner, U Brebbia, CA Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PARTICLE TRACKING TECHNIQUES FOR NUMERICALLY SOLVING THE CONVECTION-DISPERSION EQUATION SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES X, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LIBRARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUL, 1994 CL UNIV HEIDELBERG, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY HO UNIV HEIDELBERG C1 USDA ARS,SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2937-6 J9 WATER TRANS PY 1994 VL 12 BP 281 EP 290 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Mathematics, Applied; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BC43W UT WOS:A1994BC43W00035 ER PT B AU WAGNER, SW WESTGATE, ME AF WAGNER, SW WESTGATE, ME BE Watson, DG Zazueta, FS Harrison, TV TI A SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA-ACQUISITION (SCADA) SYSTEM FOR MEASUREMENT OF CROP CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION SO COMPUTERS IN AGRICULTURE 1994 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Computers in Agriculture CY FEB 06-09, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL DE CANOPY GAS EXCHANGE; PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER; COMPUTER CONTROL RP WAGNER, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,N IOWA AVE,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-46-6 PY 1994 BP 9 EP 16 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA BA77F UT WOS:A1994BA77F00002 ER PT B AU KORTHALS, RL EIGENBERG, RA HAHN, GL NIENABER, JA AF KORTHALS, RL EIGENBERG, RA HAHN, GL NIENABER, JA BE Watson, DG Zazueta, FS Harrison, TV TI MODELING DYNAMIC THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES IN SWINE SO COMPUTERS IN AGRICULTURE 1994 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Computers in Agriculture CY FEB 06-09, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL DE NEURAL NETWORK; TYMPANIC TEMPERATURES; SWINE; FOURIER RP KORTHALS, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-46-6 PY 1994 BP 220 EP 225 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA BA77F UT WOS:A1994BA77F00037 ER PT B AU HEILMAN, P YAKOWITZ, DS STONE, JJ LANE, LJ IMAM, B HERNANDEZ, M ABOLT, JA MASTERSON, JE AF HEILMAN, P YAKOWITZ, DS STONE, JJ LANE, LJ IMAM, B HERNANDEZ, M ABOLT, JA MASTERSON, JE BE Watson, DG Zazueta, FS Harrison, TV TI A PROTOTYPE DECISION-SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR FARM-MANAGEMENT SO COMPUTERS IN AGRICULTURE 1994 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Computers in Agriculture CY FEB 06-09, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL DE DECISION SUPPORT; WATER QUALITY; BMP; MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS; MULTIOBJECTIVE RP HEILMAN, P (reprint author), USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-46-6 PY 1994 BP 519 EP 529 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA BA77F UT WOS:A1994BA77F00085 ER PT B AU RACIN, GE SHAROV, A AF RACIN, GE SHAROV, A BE Watson, DG Zazueta, FS Harrison, TV TI THE GYPSY-MOTH LIFE SYSTEM MODELS INTERFACE SO COMPUTERS IN AGRICULTURE 1994 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Computers in Agriculture CY FEB 06-09, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL DE COMPUTERS; INSECT CONTROL; MODELING; MODELS; SIMULATION; SOFTWARE RP RACIN, GE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,180 CANFIELD ST,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-46-6 PY 1994 BP 780 EP 785 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA BA77F UT WOS:A1994BA77F00128 ER PT B AU ALESSI, RS AF ALESSI, RS BE Watson, DG Zazueta, FS Harrison, TV TI SOFTWARE ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES FOR AGRICULTURAL SOFTWARE-DEVELOPMENT SO COMPUTERS IN AGRICULTURE 1994 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Computers in Agriculture CY FEB 06-09, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL DE SOFTWARE ENGINEERING; REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING; SOFTWARE DESIGN; SYSTEMS APPROACH RP ALESSI, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,N IOWA AVE,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-46-6 PY 1994 BP 820 EP 828 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA BA77F UT WOS:A1994BA77F00134 ER PT B AU NICKS, AD GANDER, GA AF NICKS, AD GANDER, GA BE Watson, DG Zazueta, FS Harrison, TV TI CLIGEN - A WEATHER GENERATOR FOR CLIMATE INPUTS TO WATER-RESOURCE AND OTHER MODELS SO COMPUTERS IN AGRICULTURE 1994 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Computers in Agriculture CY FEB 06-09, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL DE CLIMATE; WEATHER; EROSION MODELS RP NICKS, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-46-6 PY 1994 BP 903 EP 909 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA BA77F UT WOS:A1994BA77F00147 ER PT B AU WHITTAKER, G SCOTT, DW AF WHITTAKER, G SCOTT, DW BE Sall, J Lehman, A TI SPATIAL ESTIMATION AND PRESENTATION OF REGRESSION SURFACES IN SEVERAL VARIABLES VIA THE AVERAGED SHIFTED HISTOGRAM SO COMPUTING SCIENCE AND STATISTICS, VOL 26: COMPUTATIONALLY INTENSIVE STATISTICAL METHODS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Interface of Computing Science and Statistics - Computationally Intensive Statistical Methods CY JUN 15-18, 1994 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC SP Interface Fdn N Amer C1 ERS,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERFACE FOUNDATION NORTH AMERICA PI FAIRFAX PA PO BOX 7460, FAIRFAX, VA 22039-7460 BN 1-886658-00-5 PY 1994 BP 8 EP 17 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BD22V UT WOS:A1994BD22V00002 ER PT B AU VANVLECK, LD AF VANVLECK, LD BE Sall, J Lehman, A TI EXPERIENCES WITH DERIVATIVE-FREE REML SO COMPUTING SCIENCE AND STATISTICS, VOL 26: COMPUTATIONALLY INTENSIVE STATISTICAL METHODS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Interface of Computing Science and Statistics - Computationally Intensive Statistical Methods CY JUN 15-18, 1994 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC SP Interface Fdn N Amer C1 US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERFACE FOUNDATION NORTH AMERICA PI FAIRFAX PA PO BOX 7460, FAIRFAX, VA 22039-7460 BN 1-886658-00-5 PY 1994 BP 34 EP 40 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BD22V UT WOS:A1994BD22V00005 ER PT B AU Healy, JW McLoud, PR AF Healy, JW McLoud, PR BE DuBowy, PJ Reaves, RP TI Use of constructed wetlands and infiltration areas in SCS approved waste management systems SO CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT, PROCEEDINGS OF WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Constructed Wetlands for Animal Waste Management Workshop CY APR 04-06, 1994 CL LAFAYETTE, IN SP Conservat Technol Informat Ctr, USDA Soil Conservat Serv, US EPA, Reg 5, Purdue Univ Agri Res Program AB The Soil Conservation Service assists farmers in preparing agricultural waste management plans, In Indiana, some farmers have inquired about the feasibility of using constructed wetlands and infiltration areas as part of waste management systems. The Soil Conservation Service in Indiana has attempted to define the circumstances when it is appropriate to consider constructed wetlands and infiltration areas as components in an agricultural waste management system. These criteria address compliance with SCS policy, state law, and the physical limitations of a site. This paper describes the criteria and illustrates some examples where these practices have been implemented as components of agricultural waste management systems. RP Healy, JW (reprint author), USDA,SCS,INDIANAPOLIS,IN, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PURDUE UNIV PRESS PI W LAFAYETTE PA SOUTH CAMPUS COURTS D, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 BN 0-931682-46-0 PY 1994 BP 65 EP 71 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH58B UT WOS:A1994BH58B00007 ER PT S AU BASIOTIS, PP BOWMAN, S AF BASIOTIS, PP BOWMAN, S BE Mauldin, TA TI FOOD SAFETY CONCERNS AND FOOD INTAKES SO CONSUMER INTERESTS ANNUAL, VOL 40: 40TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE AMERICAN COUNCIL ON CONSUMER INTERESTS SE PROCEEDINGS : ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE AMERICAN COUNCIL ON CONSUMER INTERESTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Conference of the American-Council-on-Consumer-Interests CY MAR 23-26, 1994 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP AMER COUNCIL CONSUMER INTERESTS C1 USDA,HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COUNCIL COMSUMER INTERESTS PI COLUMBIA PA 240 STANLEY HALL, UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 SN 0275-1356 J9 P AM C CONS PY 1994 BP 73 EP 80 PG 8 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BA67T UT WOS:A1994BA67T00013 ER PT J AU JAMES, LF MOLYNEUX, RJ PANTER, KE GARDNER, DR STEGELMEIER, BL AF JAMES, LF MOLYNEUX, RJ PANTER, KE GARDNER, DR STEGELMEIER, BL TI EFFECT OF FEEDING PONDEROSA PINE NEEDLE EXTRACTS AND THEIR RESIDUES TO PREGNANT CATTLE SO CORNELL VETERINARIAN LA English DT Article DE PINE NEEDLES; ABORTION; CATTLE ID RANGE CATTLE; ABORTION; MICE; PARTURITION AB Solvents including ethanol, methylene chloride, acetone, hexane, and hot and cold water were used in separate procedures to extract needles and bark from ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa L.) to determine which system was optimal for the extraction of abortifacient compound(s). The extracts and residues therefrom were fed by gavage to pregnant cows beginning at day 250 of gestation. After methylene chloride extraction, the pine needle residue fed by gavage failed to abort 4 cows. Subsequently, 4 cows fed the methylene chloride extractable material, adsorbed on ground hay, but free of methylene chloride, aborted (days 253-260 of gestation) and all 4 cows retained fetal membranes. Only 2 of 6 cows fed the pine needle residue after ethanol extraction aborted (days 260 and 261 of gestation) and both retained their fetal membranes, while the other 4 cows calved normally. Hot and cold water extracts did not cause abortion, whereas the extracted plant residue did. One cow fed the plant residue after acetone extraction calved normally as did 1 of 2 cows fed residue after hexane extraction. One cow fed hexane extract adsorbed on ground hay also calved normally. These results demonstrate that abortifacient compound(s) present in pine needles are most efficiently extracted by methylene chloride. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. RP JAMES, LF (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU CORNELL VETERINARIAN INC PI ITHACA PA CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY 14853 SN 0010-8901 J9 CORNELL VET PD JAN PY 1994 VL 84 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MX200 UT WOS:A1994MX20000006 PM 8313706 ER PT B AU Brown, GK AF Brown, GK BE DeBaerdemaeker, J McKenna, B Janssens, M Thompson, A ArtesCalero, F Hohn, E Somogyi, Z TI Quality in harvesting and handling produce in the US SO COST 94 POST-HARVEST TREATMENT OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES - SYSTEMS AND OPERATIONS FOR POST-HARVEST QUALITY, PROCEEDINGS OF WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Systems and Operations for Post-Harvest Quality CY SEP 14-15, 1993 CL LOUVAIN, BELGIUM SP COST 94 Comm Post Harvest Treatment Fruit & Vegetables DE fruit; vegetable; postharvest; grade standards; sensing; damage; quality maintenance C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMMISSION EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES PI LUXEMBOURG PA SCI & TECH COMMUN UNIT, DG-XIII/C-3 JEAN MONNET BLDG, RUE ALCIDE DE GASPERI, LUXEMBOURG, LUXEMBOURG L-2920 BN 2-87263-143-7 PY 1994 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BE93S UT WOS:A1994BE93S00001 ER PT J AU STILLINGS, BR AF STILLINGS, BR TI REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT - INCENTIVE OR IMPEDIMENT TO DEVELOPMENTS IN FOOD-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE REGULATIONS; FOOD SCIENCE; NEW TECHNOLOGIES AB The regulatory environment is one of several key factors that impact successful technological development and commercialization. The current process of developing and implementing regulations is extremely complex and does not always apply the principle of benefit:risk and balance protection with progress. Although the current system is effective in protecting consumers, it tends to impede technological innovation. To help improve balance and effectiveness, an independent ''food regulatory board'' is recommended. RP STILLINGS, BR (reprint author), USDA,SCI & EDUC,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 SN 1040-8398 J9 CRIT REV FOOD SCI JI Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. PY 1994 VL 34 IS 2 BP 223 EP 227 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA NE745 UT WOS:A1994NE74500008 PM 8011147 ER PT J AU HAMADA, JS AF HAMADA, JS TI DEAMIDATION OF FOOD PROTEINS TO IMPROVE FUNCTIONALITY SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE FOOD PROTEINS; AMIDE HYDROLYSIS; DEAMIDATION; PROTEASES; TRANSGLUTAMINASES; PEPTIDOGLUTAMINASE; PROTEIN SOLUBILITY; FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES ID ASPARAGINYL RESIDUES; SOY PROTEIN; PEPTIDOGLUTAMINASE DEAMIDATION; NONENZYMATIC DEAMIDATION; GLUTAMIC-ACID; ALKALINE PH; DEGRADATION; PEPTIDES; GLUTEN; CHYMOTRYPSIN AB Many proteins, particularly those in plants, require structural modifications to improve their functional properties for expanded use. Several chemical and enzymatic methods are described for food protein deamidation to improve solubility, emulsification, foaming, and other functional properties of the proteins. The use of enzymes in protein modification is more desirable than chemical treatments because of their speed, mild reaction conditions, and their high specificity. Transglutaminase, protease, and peptidoglutaminase (PGase) are the only enzymes reported in the literature for protein deamidation. Of these, PGase appears to be the most feasible for practical application. PGase production, purification, and use in deamidation are discussed. RP HAMADA, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 74 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 17 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 SN 1040-8398 J9 CRIT REV FOOD SCI JI Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. PY 1994 VL 34 IS 3 BP 283 EP 292 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA NN875 UT WOS:A1994NN87500003 PM 8068201 ER PT J AU WELSH, S SHAW, A DAVIS, C AF WELSH, S SHAW, A DAVIS, C TI ACHIEVING DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS - WHOLE-GRAIN FOODS IN THE FOOD GUIDE PYRAMID SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE FOOD GUIDE PYRAMID; DIETARY GUIDANCE; RECOMMENDATIONS AB The Food Guide Pyramid illustrates USDA's food guide developed to help people follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Unlike earlier food guides, the new food guide specifies foods for a total diet; that is, it addresses both concerns about adequacy and moderation. The food guide recommends increased intakes of the vegetable, fruit, and grain groups with special emphasis on dark-green leafy vegetables, legumes, and whole-grain products. These foods are important sources of several vitamins and minerals, complex carbohydrates, and dietary fiber, and they are generally low in fat. Analyses of expected nutrient levels provided by the food guide diet patterns indicate that the nutrient contribution of whole-grain products is particularly important for diets at lower calorie levels. In these diets, it is recommended that at least half the number of servings in the grain group be whole-grain products. In all diets, it is recommended that several servings of whole-grain products be included each day. Average intakes of vegetables, fruits, and grain products are less than recommended. The pyramid graphic has been especially helpful in emphasizing to the public the importance of increased consumption of vegetables, fruits, and grain products for a healthful diet. RP WELSH, S (reprint author), USDA,DIV NUTR EDUC,HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV,6505 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 SN 1040-8398 J9 CRIT REV FOOD SCI JI Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5-6 BP 441 EP 451 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA PK873 UT WOS:A1994PK87300004 PM 7811377 ER PT J AU WILSON, FD FLINT, HM DEATON, WR BUEHLER, RE AF WILSON, FD FLINT, HM DEATON, WR BUEHLER, RE TI YIELD, YIELD COMPONENTS, AND FIBER PROPERTIES OF INSECT-RESISTANT COTTON LINES CONTAINING A BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXIN GENE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PINK-BOLLWORM AB Crop yield and quality could be affected in transgenic crop plants carrying foreign genes which confer resistance to plant pests. Scientists at Monsanto Company produced nine transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lines, each containing one of the two Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Berliner) constructs, cryIA(b) or cryIA(c), that encode a protein toxic to lepidopteran insects. We undertook this study to determine whether these transgenic lines exhibit any undesirable agronomic or fiber properties. At Maricopa, AZ, we grew five, four, and three transgenic lines in field plots in 1990, 1991, and 1992, respectively; the parental 'Coker 312' and the locally adapted, nectariless, high fiber-strength 'Md 51 ne' were included each year. Somaclonal variation, insertion of the insect control protein genes, and the expression of the insecticidal protein caused no general reduction in lint yield, primary or secondary yield components, or fiber properties. The transgenic lines varied significantly in every trait measured. Mean lint yields over the 3 yr were as follows: transgenic lines, 135.4 +/- 4.5 g m(-2); Coker 312, 115.1 +/- 7.7 g m(-2), MD 51 ne, 141.2 +/- 11.4 g m(-2). Six of the nine transgenic lines yielded significantly more lint (13-30%) than did Coker 312. Lint yields of the same six lines (10% less to 7% more) were not significantly different than that of MD 51 ne. Compared with Coker 312, four of nine transgenic lines had longer fiber, eight had stronger fiber, two had higher fiber elongation, and two did not differ significantly in micronaire. Compared with MD 51 ne, five of the nine transgenic lines did not differ significantly in fiber length, two did not differ in strength, three did not differ in elongation, and six did not differ in micronaire. These transgenic lines are valuable sources of germplasm, not only for insect resistance but also for agronomic and fiber properties. C1 MONSANTO CO,ST LOUIS,MO. RP WILSON, FD (reprint author), US ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 38 EP 41 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600006 ER PT J AU SKINNER, RH NELSON, CJ AF SKINNER, RH NELSON, CJ TI ROLE OF LEAF APPEARANCE RATE AND THE COLEOPTILE TILLER IN REGULATING TILLER PRODUCTION SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TALL FESCUE; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; FORAGE YIELD; WHEAT; REGROWTH AB Forage production in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) depends on elongation of existing leaves and production of new leaves and tillers. Genetic selection for high leaf elongation rate (LER), however, results in plants with limited tillering capacity. Our objective was to examine how the development of individual leaves and tillers affects total tiller production in populations of tall fescue selected for high or low LER. Seedlings were grown for 32 to 70 d in controlled environment chambers (500 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) PPFD, 14-h photoperiod). The low LER (high tillering) population produced twice as many coleoptile tillers as the high LER population, and coleoptile tillers and their progeny accounted for 80% of the difference between populations in tillers per plant after four tiller production cycles. With the exception of the coleoptile tiller, no difference in site usage (number of tillers appearing per axillary bud produced) was observed between populations. Site usage was greater than 0.80 in both populations during the first 30 to 35 days after planting (DAP), but decreased to approximate to 0.20 by 70 DAP. Both populations had similar leaf and tiller phyllochrons until 30 to 35 DAP. Thereafter, rate of leaf and tiller appearance slowed significantly, beginning first in the high LER population. Thus, tillering differences between populations were initially due to differences in coleoptile tiller production, but after 30 to 35 DAP differences in leaf appearance rate also contributed to differences in potential number of tillers per plant. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP SKINNER, RH (reprint author), US ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600013 ER PT J AU WESTGATE, ME AF WESTGATE, ME TI WATER STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAIZE ENDOSPERM AND EMBRYO DURING DROUGHT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS-L; SEED GROWTH; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; PROTEIN ACCUMULATION; NITRATE REDUCTASE; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; EAR DEVELOPMENT; GRAIN FILL; KERNELS; WHEAT AB Drought during grain filling decreases final kernel mass in maize (Zea mays L.). Lack of assimilates or an unfavorable water status within the embryo or endosperm could limit kernel development. To test these possibilities, remobilization of reduced C and N as well as kernel and embryo water status were measured in plants exposed to a water deficit during grain fill. Irrigation was withheld from field-grown plants after final kernel number was established. This treatment resulted in a soil moisture deficit of 224 mm and decreased endosperm and embryo mass by 16%, compared with controls. The water deficit shortened the effective filling period, but did not alter the rate of dry matter accumulation in either the endosperm or embryo. Carbohydrate reserves in leaf and stalk tissues as well as N stored in the leaves were remobilized to support kernel growth. However, grain filling ceased before these reserves were depleted completely. Grain filling continued in both well-watered and water-deficient plants until the moisture content of the endosperm and embryo decreased to 280 and 430 g kg(-1) fresh wt., respectively. Water-deficient plants reached these values 10 d earlier because water loss from the endosperm began sooner after anthesis and maximum water content of the embryo was lower, compared with the controls. Kernel and embryo osmotic potentials (psi(s)) decreased rapidly late in grain filling and were - 2.2 to - 2.6 MPa when growth ceased. The results indicate that kernel water status is affected directly by drought and may be an important determinant of kernel development. They suggest that a water deficit after anthesis shortens the duration of grain filling by causing premature desiccation of the endosperm and by limiting embryo volume. RP WESTGATE, ME (reprint author), US ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,N IOWA AVE,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 49 TC 75 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 76 EP 83 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600014 ER PT J AU HEITHOLT, JJ SCHMIDT, JH AF HEITHOLT, JJ SCHMIDT, JH TI RECEPTACLE AND OVARY ASSIMILATE CONCENTRATIONS AND SUBSEQUENT BOLL RETENTION IN COTTON SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FRUITING FORMS; ABSCISSION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Assimilate supply or flux to developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) bells (fruits) may help determine whether those bells are retained or abscised. Most bells that abscise tend to do so within a few days post anthesis (DPA), and little is known about the relationship between assimilate levels in young fruiting forms and their relationship to bell retention. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the relationships of young receptacle and ovary assimilate levels to bell retention among genotypes and sympodial branch positions. Eight genotypes of cotton (four cultivars and four leaf type isolines) were grown in the field in 1989 and 1990 using conventional cultural practices. Bell retention percentages (bolls/tagged flowers) and assimilate concentrations of excised receptacles and ovaries at Fruiting Positions 1, 2, and 3 were determined at 5 d preanthesis, 0 DPA, and 2 DPA. Position 1 bell retention (54 to 75%) was greater than that of Position 2 (19 to 45%) but the concentrations of soluble sugars in their excised receptacles and ovaries were similar. Variation in retention among genotypes at Position 1 was either small or nonsignificant but was significant at Position 2. Bell retention, glucose, and starch concentration of Position 2 MD 65-11 super okra-leaf bells were lower and N concentration higher than the other genotypes. However, assimilate levels did not appear to explain the variation in retention among the eight genotypes. Other factors, such as C metabolism in ovules, may need to be examined in order to explain the physiological reasons for differences in bell retention. RP HEITHOLT, JJ (reprint author), US ARS,POB 345,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 125 EP 131 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600022 ER PT J AU HANSON, WD BURTON, JW AF HANSON, WD BURTON, JW TI CONTROL FOR RATE OF SEED DEVELOPMENT AND SEED YIELD POTENTIAL IN SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DRY-MATTER ACCUMULATION; REPRODUCTIVE PERIOD; RECURRENT SELECTION; GENOTYPES; COATS; SUCROSE; RELEASE AB Selecting for increased weight per seed among male-sterile soybean plants [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] increased seed weight and seed yield for male-fertile progeny but had minimal effects on seed number per ha. Assimilate availability to the seed during selection was essentially nonlimiting for an extended period, since male-sterile plants have few seeds per plant. For the observed range, seed weight has shown no association with Seed yield potential. This study tested two alternate hypotheses to explain the increased seed yield potential: (i) selection identified genotypes with increased seed sink activity per plant or (ii) selection identified genotypes with reduced seed maturation rates. Dry matter accumulation rate (DMAR) per unit seed dry weight, DMAR per unit seed coat area, and rate of increase in seed density were determined for greenhouse-grown plants using a 7-d period during mid seed development. The following observations led to the acceptance of the reduced seed maturation rate hypothesis: (i) When assimilates were made essentially nonlimiting to the seed by partial pod removal, selected and nonselected populations had similar DMAR per unit seed coat area and per unit seed dry weight. (ii) Selection for seed weight on male-sterile plants reduced the rate of increase in seed density. (iii) DMAR per unit seed coat area did not increase with selection. Selected and nonselected populations, had similar DMAR per unit seed dry weight. Apparently, selection had occurred against the reduction in rate of dry matter uptake by the seed. This reduction is normally associated with reduced seed maturation rate. Selection for seed weight on male-sterile plants can be completed during the early generations of a breeding program and used to identify genotypes that have longer seed filling durations and more efficient systems for assimilate utilization. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA,ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP HANSON, WD (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET,BOX 7614,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 131 EP 134 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600023 ER PT J AU BENEDICT, CR KOHEL, RJ JIVIDEN, GM AF BENEDICT, CR KOHEL, RJ JIVIDEN, GM TI CRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE AND COTTON FIBER STRENGTH SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The variation in the bundle fiber strength measurements of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibers due to differences in cellulose crystallinity and chain length have not been examined. This study was conducted to determine the length of the cellulose chains (expressed as the weight-average molecular weight, M,) in the crystalline microfibrillar fragments isolated from different cotton fiber and to relate these values to bundle fiber strength. Crystalline microfibrillar fragments were isolated by treating cotton fibers with acetic acid/nitric acid reagent. The crystalline cellulose was dissolved in a lithium chloride solution of N,N-dimethylacetamide. The C-13-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the cellulose solution showed chemical shifts at 103.1, 73.2, 74.2, 75.8, 78.5, and 59.9 ppm for the glucose carbons. The chemical shifts were similar to the chemical shifts in the C-13-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of other cellulose solutions. The sharpness of the chemical shifts indicated a true solution of crystalline cellulose. Gel permeation chromatography of the crystalline cellulose solution on three linear columns of 1 x 106 Angstrom to 500 Angstrom of ultrastyragel in a Waters 150C GPC separated the dissolved crystalline cellulose into a population of different sized molecular weight chains. The weight average molecular weight of the population of cellulose chains in the crystalline cellulose from TM-1 cotton fibers was 1.83 x 10(5) daltons. The average length of the cellulose chains in the crystalline cellulose (measured as the weight average molecular weight of the crystalline cellulose) from different cotton fibers was correlated (r = 0.94) to the bundle fiber strength of the cotton fibers. The data support the conclusion that the average length of cellulose chains in the crystalline cellulose areas of the microfibrils is a component of bundle fiber strength measurements of cotton fibers. C1 COTTON INC,AGR RES,RALEIGH,NC 27612. US ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,CROP GERMPLASM RES UNIT,COLL STN,TX 77845. RP BENEDICT, CR (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 147 EP 151 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600026 ER PT J AU OLIVA, RN STEINER, JJ YOUNG, WC AF OLIVA, RN STEINER, JJ YOUNG, WC TI RED-CLOVER SEED PRODUCTION .1. CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS AND IRRIGATION TIMING SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INFRARED THERMOMETRY; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; STRESS INDEX; ALFALFA AB Information about water management and crop stress response for red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed production is limited. This study determined red clover seed crop water requirements and evaluated crop water stress index (CWSI) and fraction of available soil-water used for timing supplemental irrigation. Experiments were conducted at Corvallis, OR, on a Woodburn silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Aquultic Argixeroll) in 1990 and 1991. Six irrigation treatments were used to assess within- and between-crop season water requirements. As a consequence of root disease in 1991, the fraction of available soil water used by plants in the different treatments was generally less in 1991 than 1990. Also, seed production water-use efficiency was lower in 1991 than 1990. Two distinct non-stressed baselines for canopy-air temperature differences versus vapor pressure deficit were identified that were related to increasing leaf senescence and crop aging. The CWSI values across all treatments were negatively associated with plant water potentials (r = -0.87). The CWSI values were similar within similar treatments in both years indicating that root rot damage rather than available soil water was limiting plant water uptake in 1991. The CWSI generally increased faster than fraction of available soil-water used, Unlike fraction of available soil-water used, CWSI integrated the total plant environment, detecting changes due to root disease in 1991. Under the conditions of this experiment, a single irrigation filling the active soil profile at CWSI approximate to 0.28 substantially increased seed yield compared with the nonirrigated control. The CWSI was a useful indicator of red clover water stress status and can be used to schedule clover seed irrigations under typical western Oregon climatic conditions. C1 US ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. INST NACL TECNOL AGROPECUARIA,MENDOZA,MENDOZA,ARGENTINA. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 178 EP 184 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600032 ER PT J AU OLIVA, RN STEINER, JJ YOUNG, WC AF OLIVA, RN STEINER, JJ YOUNG, WC TI RED-CLOVER SEED PRODUCTION .2. PLANT WATER STATUS ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALFALFA AB Limited information on crop water stress response is available for red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed production. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of plant water status on red clover newer production, seed yield, and seed yield components. Five supplemental irrigation treatments were applied in 1990 and 1991 to first and second year red clover grown on a Woodburn silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Aquultic Argixeroll) near Corvallis, OR. A nonirrigated control was also maintained. Increased plant water stress reduced the duration of season-long bud and flower production, stem length, potential seed yield, and seed yield. Application of water soon after haying increased total above-ground phytomass but increased seed yield less than watering at peak flowering. Root deterioration from a root and crown rot disease complex reduced second-year seed yield. Root rot index increased with increased levels of plant water stress, indicating that supplemental water applications reduced root rot severity. The reduction in seed yield resulting from increased plant water stress was primarily caused by a decrease in floral fertility, and less conclusively, by reductions in flower number per unit area. One irrigation filling the active soil profile during peak flowering provided adequate water to maintain seed production and achieve high water-use efficiency. Contrary to popular belief, it was shown that red clover was not adversely affected by high levels of available soil water in a well drained soil. Also, yield losses to root disease in the second year of seed production can be greatly reduced by supplemental irrigation compared to non-irrigated clover. C1 US ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. INST NACL TECNOL AGROPECUARIA,MENDOZA,ARGENTINA. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 24 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 184 EP 192 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600033 ER PT J AU REED, SM BURNS, JA WERNSMAN, EA AF REED, SM BURNS, JA WERNSMAN, EA TI CYTOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF TOBACCO DOUBLED HAPLOIDS FOR PRESENCE OF AMPLIFIED HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMAL REGIONS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NICOTIANA-TABACUM; DNA AMPLIFICATION; ANTHER CULTURE; LINES AB Atypical quadrivalents, resulting from pairing between homologous amplified chromosome segments, have been observed in hybrids between low-yielding, second-cycle doubled haploid (DH) lines of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and their source cultivars. The first objective of this study was to determine if homologous amplified chromosome segments are present in other DHs, such as those that have been through only one cycle of anther culture and those that are only moderately depressed in yield. The second objective was to trace the development of amplified chromosomal regions through consecutive cycles of anther culture. Chromosome pairing was studied in DH x cultivar hybrids involving high- and low-yielding first-cycle DHs and second-cycle DHs derived from the high-yielding first-cycle DHs. There appeared to be no correlation between multivalent formation and yield. The one DH that was found to contain homologous amplified chromosome segments was a low-yielding first-cycle DH, NC95 DHL. NC95 DHL was then crossed to two second-cycle DHs derived from it that had previously been determined to have homologous amplified chromosome segments. Cytological analysis of these DH x DH hybrids indicated that the amplified chromosomes in NC95 DHL passed unchanged to one of its second-cycle derivatives. In contrast, a number of modifications occurred in another of its derivatives during the second cycle of anther culture. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP REED, SM (reprint author), US ARS,CROPS RES LAB,OXFORD,NC 27565, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 236 EP 239 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600043 ER PT J AU HOLDER, TL WEST, CP TURNER, KE MCCONNELL, ME PIPER, EL AF HOLDER, TL WEST, CP TURNER, KE MCCONNELL, ME PIPER, EL TI INCIDENCE AND VIABILITY OF ACREMONIUM ENDOPHYTES IN TALL FESCUE AND MEADOW FESCUE PLANT INTRODUCTIONS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; GRASSES AB Assessment of the infection status and viability of endophytic Acremonium spp. in USDA plant introductions (PI) of Festuca spp. would aid in identifying potentially desirable endophyte strains for improving pasture and turf species. The PI collection of tall fescue (F. arundinacea Schreb.) and meadow fescue (F. pratensis Buds.) was screened to determine Acremonium infection rate and viability. For tall fescue, 20 seed from each of 565 regenerated seedlots were microscopically examined for endophyte. Seventy-nine accessions contained endophyte with an average infection frequency of 67.4%. Leaf sheaths of seedlings from the infected accessions were then examined to determine endophyte viability. Fifty-five of the 79 infected accessions contained viable endophyte at an average infection frequency of 41.2% in the seedlings. The decline in the number of infected accessions and in their infection frequency suggested that loss in endophyte viability may have occurred in storage. More intensive analysis of 15 tall fescue accessions showed that endophyte infection declined from 68.4% in originally collected seed to 42.7% in regenerated seed to 23.6% in the seedlings from the regenerated seedlots, indicating diminishing endophyte occurrence and viability between the time of deposition of seed in the germplasm system and release of regenerated seed for general distribution. In meadow fescue, 29 of 198 accessions contained endophyte at 42.4% infection frequency in the seed and 31.6% infection frequency in the seedlings, indicating a proportionally lesser decline in endophyte viability than in tall fescue. While existing germplasm collections of Festuca spp. can provide Acremonium germplasm for study, newly collected Festuca germplasm will offer a greater diversity of Acremonium genotypes. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT AGRON,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. UNIV MISSOURI,SW NISSOURI CTR,MT VERNON,MO 65712. US ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT ANIM SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 252 EP 254 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600046 ER PT J AU STEINER, JJ POKLEMBA, CJ AF STEINER, JJ POKLEMBA, CJ TI LOTUS-CORNICULATUS CLASSIFICATION BY SEED GLOBULIN POLYPEPTIDES AND RELATIONSHIP TO ACCESSION PEDIGREES AND GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL; STORAGE PROTEINS; REGISTRATION; CULTIVARS; ELECTROPHORESIS; CONSERVATION; GERMPLASM AB The birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) accessions from the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) have not been systematically evaluated to determine the genetic relationships of individuals or groups of similar accessions. This study was done to classify and determine the diversity of a collection of birdsfoot trefoil accessions using high salt-soluble globulin polypeptides (SGPP) and to compare their classification with geographic and ecological distribution, morphology, and known accession pedigrees. Seeds of 128 plant introductions, germplasms, and cultivars that represented a wide-range of geographic regions and collection site ecological habitats were analyzed for SGPPs. The accessions were grouped into five major classes based on 13 protein bands ranging in molecular weights from 23.1 to 65.3 kDa. Seventy-nine percent of the accessions were placed into two major classes with subclass differences due to collection from either highland or lowland ecoregion sites. Sixteen percent of the accessions were placed in a third class and a limited number of accessions were placed into two distinct minor classes that exhibited atypical birdsfoot trefoil morphology. Approximately 79% of the cultivars and germplasms from North and South American and Europe have been selected from a limited base of genetic resources found in the two major classes. Few improved cultivars or germplasms have been developed from materials similar to accessions found in Class 3 (18%), Class 4 (3%), and Class 5 (0%). Using established world ecoregion descriptions greatly assisted with the interpretation of the SGPP classification and provided a useful approach that should apply to other germplasm collections. RP STEINER, JJ (reprint author), US ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 255 EP 264 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600047 ER PT J AU HAMEED, A POLLAK, LM HINZ, PN AF HAMEED, A POLLAK, LM HINZ, PN TI EVALUATION OF CATETO MAIZE ACCESSIONS FOR GRAIN-YIELD AND PHYSICAL GRAIN QUALITY TRAITS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SHELLED CORN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POPULATIONS; PERFORMANCE AB Because many exotic corn (Zea mays L.) races have different evolutionary histories from those of U.S. races, they may possess unique, favorable alleles for physical grain quality traits. This study explored the effectiveness of using exotic inbreds from Uruguay, Argentina, South Africa, and Taiwan (representing 'Cateto'-type, intermediate, and non-Cateto races) to improve physical grain quality of U.S. Corn Belt hybrids. Eighteen exotic inbreds were crossed to two Corn Belt inbreds, Mo17 and B73, which represent the 'Lancaster Sure Crop' and the 'Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic' backgrounds, respectively. A randomized complete block design was used to evaluate testcrosses (F(1)s), their F-2 and backcross (to the Corn Belt inbreds) generations, and four checks grown at two locations in Iowa and at one location in Missouri. The experiment showed significant differences among races for 1000-kernel weight, test weight, grain yield, and harvest moisture content. Testcrosses and generations were significantly different for kernel weight, test weight, breakage susceptibility, grain yield, and harvest moisture content. Significant differences were also found between testers for all traits except moisture. Entry x tester interaction, however, was significant only for breakage susceptibility and yield, whereas entry x generation interaction was significant for all the traits except breakage susceptibility. This study showed that Cateto-type inbreds have the potential to improve test weight of Corn Belt hybrids. The Cateto race inbreds also contributed favorable alleles for lowering harvest moisture content, which may indirectly help reduce breakage losses. C1 US ARS,DEPT AGRON,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. BARANI AGR RES INST,CHAKWAL,PAKISTAN. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,AMES,IA 50011. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 265 EP 269 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600048 ER PT J AU HAMEED, A POLLAK, LM HINT, PN AF HAMEED, A POLLAK, LM HINT, PN TI EVALUATION OF CATETO MAIZE ACCESSIONS FOR GRAIN-YIELD AND OTHER AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN TEMPERATE AND TROPICAL ENVIRONMENTS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EXOTIC GERMPLASM; PEARL-MILLET; POPULATIONS; ALLELES AB The temperate maize (Zea mays L.) race Cateto may have potential for improving grain quality in temperate breeding programs. Temperate germplasm may also be useful in tropical breeding programs for improving yield, agronomic traits, and grain quality. The objective of our study was to assess the yield potential of Cateto race accessions testcrossed with two Corn Belt inbreds for grain yield and other agronomic traits in both temperate and tropical environments. Exotic inbreds representing Cateto, intermediate, and non-Cateto races were crossed to two U.S. Corn Belt inbreds (Mo17 and B73). Testcrosses (F(1)s), their F-2 and backcross generations, and four checks were evaluated in 1989 through 1991 at three temperate (two in Iowa and one in Missouri) and two tropical (Florida and Zimbabwe) locations. Data were recorded for grain yield, harvest moisture content, days to tassel, ear height, stalk lodging, and root lodging. The testcross-by-generation interaction was significant for all traits, except grain yield, whereas the testcross-by-tester interaction was significant for ear height, stalk lodging, and root lodging. B73 contributed more favorable alleles for improved standability and grain yield than did Mo17. Although the testcross by location interaction was significant for all traits, the tropical and temperate environments ranked testcrosses similarly. The tropical locations had both the highest and the lowest mean grain yields. The best testcrosses identified in temperate locations may have potential for introgression in the tropics. C1 US ARS,DEPT AGRON,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. BARANI AGR RES INST,CHAKWAL,PAKISTAN. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,AMES,IA 50011. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 270 EP 275 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600049 ER PT J AU DIWAN, N BAUCHAN, GR MCINTOSH, MS AF DIWAN, N BAUCHAN, GR MCINTOSH, MS TI A CORE COLLECTION FOR THE UNITED-STATES ANNUAL MEDICAGO GERMPLASM COLLECTION SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GEOGRAPHICAL PATTERNS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; DIFFERENTIATION; RIGIDULA; TRAITS AB The United States National Plant Germplasm System contains 3159 accessions from 36 species of annual Medicago. Although there is increasing interest in the annual medics for use in sustainable agriculture, the U.S. collection is under utilized because of lack of agronomic information. Development of a core collection could facilitate easier access to the germplasm collection and enhance its use. The core collection should consist of a sample of accessions that represents the range of variability within the germplasm collection with minimum redundancies. To select a core collection of annual Medicago species, a subset of 1240 accessions was evaluated during the summer of 1990 for 16 agronomic and morphological traits. Accessions within species were grouped by cluster analysis utilizing an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages. Intraspecific phenotypic diversity determined the number of accessions for that species selected for the core collection. One accession per cluster was selected for each species for the core collection. Accessions were chosen within a species to represent the greatest diversity in geographical regions. The selected core collection of 211 accessions was reevaluated during the summer of 1991. The core collection was found to represent the variability of the germplasm collection and to remain stable between the two evaluation years. This study can be used as a model method for selecting a core collection for multispecies germplasm collections. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLL PK,MD 20742. US ARS,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI McIntosh, Marla/A-3441-2011 OI McIntosh, Marla/0000-0002-4169-8615 NR 29 TC 58 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 279 EP 285 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600051 ER PT J AU BUMAN, RA SCHUMACHER, TE RIEDELL, WE AF BUMAN, RA SCHUMACHER, TE RIEDELL, WE TI A MODIFIED SOIL MONOLITH TECHNIQUE FOR CHARACTERIZING ROOT SYSTEMS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note AB A soil and root system sampling technique that accurately measures root distribution within the soil profile without causing excessive damage to experimental plots would improve the efficiency of root system research. A monolith mapping root sampling technique is described that combines the positive attributes of the soil monolith and profile wall methods with a less destructive hand tool sampling protocol. The objective of this field study was to compare monolith mapping with a standard monolith washing technique for the purpose of measuring root distribution in the upper 30 cm of the root zone. Root systems of maize (Zea mays L.) (V6 stage of development) from plots (Vienna loam soils; fine-loamy, mixed Udic Haploborolls) treated with broadcast or banded P were sampled using the modified monolith method. The roots present in the soil monolith were mapped (monolith mapping method), and the maps used to represent two-dimensional root distribution. The soil monolith was then grid-sectioned into 5.1 by 5.1 by 7.6 cm rectangular blocks and washed to separate roots from the soil. Root length was then measured using a line-intersect method (monolith washing method). Monolith mapping and monolith washing methods both detected differences in root system distribution in the soil profile. A significant linear relationship (r = 0.87) between root length density and root number as measured by the two methods allows conversion of the numerical data collected by the monolith mapping method into root length density values. We conclude that monolith mapping works well for determining the spatial differences in root distribution in the upper 30 cm of the root zone. The relative time requirements, accuracy, and less destructive nature of the technique (compared with the trench profile and framed monolith methods) result in more efficient collection of data on root system characteristics. C1 US ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006. S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 296 EP 299 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600055 ER PT J AU TALIAFERRO, CM SPRINGER, TL AHRING, RM AF TALIAFERRO, CM SPRINGER, TL AHRING, RM TI REGISTRATION OF BISON BUFFALOGRASS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 US ARS,SO CENT FAMILY FARM RES STN,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927. RP TALIAFERRO, CM (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 304 EP 305 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600065 ER PT J AU TOWNSEND, CE AF TOWNSEND, CE TI REGISTRATION OF WINDSOR CICER MILKVETCH SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP TOWNSEND, CE (reprint author), US ARS,CROPS RES LAB,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 309 EP 310 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600074 ER PT J AU SORENSEN, EL STUTEVILLE, DL HORBER, EK SKINNER, DZ AF SORENSEN, EL STUTEVILLE, DL HORBER, EK SKINNER, DZ TI REGISTRATION OF KS 223 ALFALFA GERMPLASM WITH RESISTANCE TO 4 DISEASES AND 3 INSECTS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP SORENSEN, EL (reprint author), US ARS,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 312 EP 312 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600079 ER PT J AU BURTON, JW WILSON, RF AF BURTON, JW WILSON, RF TI REGISTRATION OF N88-480, A SOYBEAN GERMPLASM LINE WITH A HIGH-CONCENTRATION OF OIL IN SEEDS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP BURTON, JW (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, US ARS, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 313 EP 314 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600081 ER PT J AU BURTON, JW WILSON, RF BRIM, CA AF BURTON, JW WILSON, RF BRIM, CA TI REGISTRATION OF N79-2077-12 AND N87-2122-4, 2 SOYBEAN GERMPLASM LINES WITH REDUCED PALMITIC ACID IN SEED OIL SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP BURTON, JW (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, DEPT CROP SCI, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 313 EP 313 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600080 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, FL MAAS, FB FOSTER, JE RATCLIFFE, RH CAMBRON, S SAFRANSKI, G TAYLOR, PL OHM, HW AF PATTERSON, FL MAAS, FB FOSTER, JE RATCLIFFE, RH CAMBRON, S SAFRANSKI, G TAYLOR, PL OHM, HW TI REGISTRATION OF 8 HESSIAN FLY RESISTANT COMMON WINTER-WHEAT GERMPLASM LINES (CAROL, ERIN, FLYNN, IRIS, JOY, KAREN, LOLA, AND MOLLY) SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID INHERITANCE; EXPRESSION C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV LINCOLN,DEPT ENTOMOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP PATTERSON, FL (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 3 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 315 EP 316 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600084 ER PT J AU HALLAUER, AR LAMKEY, KR RUSSELL, WA WHITE, PR AF HALLAUER, AR LAMKEY, KR RUSSELL, WA WHITE, PR TI REGISTRATION OF B97 AND B98, 2 PARENTAL INBRED LINES OF MAIZE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 US ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. RP HALLAUER, AR (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 2 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 318 EP 319 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600088 ER PT J AU LEFFEL, RC AF LEFFEL, RC TI REGISTRATION OF FASCIATED SOYBEAN GERMPLASM LINE BARC-10 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP LEFFEL, RC (reprint author), US ARS,INST PLANT SCI,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BARC W,BLDG 011,HH-19,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 318 EP 318 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600087 ER PT J AU LEWELLEN, RT AF LEWELLEN, RT TI REGISTRATION OF C790-6, C790-15, AND C790-54 PARENTAL LINES OF SUGAR-BEET SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP LEWELLEN, RT (reprint author), US ARS, US AGR RES STN, SUGARBEET PROD RES UNIT, 1636 E ALISAL ST, SALINAS, CA 93905 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 319 EP 320 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600090 ER PT J AU LEWELLEN, RT AF LEWELLEN, RT TI REGISTRATION OF C762-17, A PARENTAL LINE OF SUGAR-BEET SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP LEWELLEN, RT (reprint author), US ARS, US AGR RES STN, SUGARBEET PROD RES UNIT, 1636 E ALISAL ST, SALINAS, CA 93905 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 319 EP 319 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600089 ER PT J AU KINDIGER, B AF KINDIGER, B TI REGISTRATION OF 10 GENETIC STOCKS OF MAIZE FOR THE TRANSFER OF CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP KINDIGER, B (reprint author), US ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. OI Kindiger, Bryan/0000-0002-2938-3653 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 321 EP 322 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600093 ER PT J AU LEFFEL, RC AF LEFFEL, RC TI REGISTRATION OF 6 PAIRS OF BARC-11 SOYBEAN NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES, FASCIATED VS NORMAL SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP LEFFEL, RC (reprint author), US ARS,INST PLANT SCI,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BARC W,BLDG 011,HH-19,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 321 EP 321 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MV456 UT WOS:A1994MV45600092 ER PT J AU TROYER, DL GOAD, DW XIE, H ROHRER, GA ALEXANDER, LJ BEATTIE, CW AF TROYER, DL GOAD, DW XIE, H ROHRER, GA ALEXANDER, LJ BEATTIE, CW TI USE OF DIRECT IN-SITU SINGLE-COPY (DISC) PCR TO PHYSICALLY MAP 5 PORCINE MICROSATELLITES SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SATELLITE DNA INSITU; LINKAGE MAP; HUMAN GENOME; IN-SITU; HYBRIDIZATION; SEQUENCES; GENE; AMPLIFICATION; CHROMOSOMES AB Direct in situ single-copy polymerase chain reaction (DISC-PCR) was used to assign and orient a linkage group to pig chromosome 1. Five microsatellites were analyzed, and all five were successfully localized using this procedure. Physical data were used to orient the linkage group with respect to the centromere and estimate the amount of coverage of chromosome 1. There was excellent concordance between the physical and linkage maps. The linear order of the microsatellites was identical, and relative distances were similar. All markers were located on the long arm of chromosome 1. Coverage was estimated at about 32%. Thus, DISC-PCR rapidly and easily assigned and ordered microsatellite markers for which large genomic clones do not exist. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP TROYER, DL (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,COLL VET MED,DEPT ANAT & PHYSIOL,228 VMS BLDG,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0171 J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet. PY 1994 VL 67 IS 3 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1159/000133822 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA PD868 UT WOS:A1994PD86800037 PM 8062597 ER PT B AU ORDOVAS, JM AF ORDOVAS, JM BE Rios, MS Sastre, A Juezz, MAP Estrala, A DeBastian, C TI GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS - EFFECTS ON PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS SO DAIRY PRODUCTS IN HUMAN HEALTH AND NUTRITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Congress of Dairy Products in Human Health and Nutrition CY JUN 07-10, 1993 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP EUROPEAN COMMUNITY C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR AGING RES CTR,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-359-0 PY 1994 BP 303 EP 307 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA BA67W UT WOS:A1994BA67W00032 ER PT B AU ORDOVAS, JM AF ORDOVAS, JM BE Rios, MS Sastre, A Juezz, MAP Estrala, A DeBastian, C TI EARLY DIETARY HABITS, CHOLESTEROLEMIA AND CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE SO DAIRY PRODUCTS IN HUMAN HEALTH AND NUTRITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st World Congress of Dairy Products in Human Health and Nutrition CY JUN 07-10, 1993 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP EUROPEAN COMMUNITY C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR AGING RES CTR,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-359-0 PY 1994 BP 355 EP 359 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA BA67W UT WOS:A1994BA67W00037 ER PT B AU WELLS, SJ HEINRICHS, AJ AF WELLS, SJ HEINRICHS, AJ BE Bucklin, R TI HOUSING PRACTICES FOR PREWEANED DAIRY HEIFER CALVES IN THE UNITED-STATES SO DAIRY SYSTEMS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL DAIRY HOUSING CONFERENCE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Dairy Housing Conference - Dairy Systems for the 21st-Century CY FEB 02-05, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS DE HOUSING; HEIFER RP WELLS, SJ (reprint author), CTR EPIDEMIOL & ANIM HLTH,VET SERV,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,555 S HOWES,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-45-8 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 2 BP 490 EP 495 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BB98K UT WOS:A1994BB98K00060 ER PT B AU STETSON, LE BODMAN, GR AF STETSON, LE BODMAN, GR BE Bucklin, R TI SAFE & ADEQUATE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS FOR TODAYS DAIRY FACILITIES SO DAIRY SYSTEMS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL DAIRY HOUSING CONFERENCE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Dairy Housing Conference - Dairy Systems for the 21st-Century CY FEB 02-05, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS DE ELECTRIC WIRING; ELECTRICAL CODES; ELECTRIC POWER RP STETSON, LE (reprint author), USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-45-8 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 2 BP 667 EP 676 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BB98K UT WOS:A1994BB98K00082 ER PT B AU WRIGHT, LE AF WRIGHT, LE BE Steiner, FR Pease, JR Coughlin, RE TI The development and status of LESA SO DECADE WITH LESA: THE EVOLUTION OF LAND EVALUATION AND SITE ASSESSMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st National LESA Conference - A Decade with LESA: The Evolution of Land Evaluation and Site Assessment CY MAR 26-28, 1992 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP US Soil Conservat Serv, Arizona State Univ, Oregon State Univ, Univ Penn, Kansas State Univ, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Natl Assoc Conservat Dist, Amer Farmland Trust, Amer Forests RP USDA,DIV AREA PLANNING & BASIN,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,CONSERVAT PLANNING DIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL & WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 NE ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 BN 0-935734-30-9 PY 1994 BP 30 EP 41 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Geography; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Geography; Water Resources GA BD17V UT WOS:A1994BD17V00003 ER PT S AU DORAN, JW PARKIN, TB AF DORAN, JW PARKIN, TB BE Doran, JW Coleman, DC Bezdicek, DF Stewart, BA TI DEFINING AND ASSESSING SOIL QUALITY SO DEFINING SOIL QUALITY FOR A SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT SE SSSA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment, at the 1992 American-Society-of-Agronomy Annual Meeting CY NOV 04-05, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER, AMER SOC AGRON, N CENT REG COMM SOIL ORGANIC MATTER C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 0 TC 207 Z9 343 U1 6 U2 87 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0081-1904 BN 0-89118-807-X J9 SSSA SPEC PUBL PY 1994 IS 35 BP 3 EP 21 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Telecommunications SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Telecommunications GA BA51B UT WOS:A1994BA51B00001 ER PT S AU KARLEN, DL STOTT, DE AF KARLEN, DL STOTT, DE BE Doran, JW Coleman, DC Bezdicek, DF Stewart, BA TI A FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL INDICATORS OF SOIL QUALITY SO DEFINING SOIL QUALITY FOR A SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT SE SSSA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment, at the 1992 American-Society-of-Agronomy Annual Meeting CY NOV 04-05, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER, AMER SOC AGRON, N CENT REG COMM SOIL ORGANIC MATTER C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50010. RI Stott, Diane/A-1270-2010 OI Stott, Diane/0000-0002-6397-3315 NR 0 TC 37 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0081-1904 BN 0-89118-807-X J9 SSSA SPEC PUBL PY 1994 IS 35 BP 53 EP 72 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Telecommunications SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Telecommunications GA BA51B UT WOS:A1994BA51B00004 ER PT S AU LINDEN, DR HENDRIX, PF COLEMAN, DC VANVLIET, PCJ AF LINDEN, DR HENDRIX, PF COLEMAN, DC VANVLIET, PCJ BE Doran, JW Coleman, DC Bezdicek, DF Stewart, BA TI FAUNAL INDICATORS OF SOIL QUALITY SO DEFINING SOIL QUALITY FOR A SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT SE SSSA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment, at the 1992 American-Society-of-Agronomy Annual Meeting CY NOV 04-05, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER, AMER SOC AGRON, N CENT REG COMM SOIL ORGANIC MATTER C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0081-1904 BN 0-89118-807-X J9 SSSA SPEC PUBL PY 1994 IS 35 BP 91 EP 106 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Telecommunications SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Telecommunications GA BA51B UT WOS:A1994BA51B00006 ER PT S AU SMITH, JL HALVORSON, JJ PAPENDICK, RI AF SMITH, JL HALVORSON, JJ PAPENDICK, RI BE Doran, JW Coleman, DC Bezdicek, DF Stewart, BA TI MULTIPLE VARIABLE INDICATOR KRIGING - A PROCEDURE FOR INTEGRATING SOIL QUALITY INDICATORS SO DEFINING SOIL QUALITY FOR A SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT SE SSSA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment, at the 1992 American-Society-of-Agronomy Annual Meeting CY NOV 04-05, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER, AMER SOC AGRON, N CENT REG COMM SOIL ORGANIC MATTER C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0081-1904 BN 0-89118-807-X J9 SSSA SPEC PUBL PY 1994 IS 35 BP 149 EP 157 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Telecommunications SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Telecommunications GA BA51B UT WOS:A1994BA51B00009 ER PT J AU SALINAS, J CARTWRIGHT, C AF SALINAS, J CARTWRIGHT, C BE Shaw, DW Aldon, EF LoSapio, C TI DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS - WELCOMING AND OPENING REMARKS SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Pinon-Juniper Symposium - Desired Future Conditions for Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems CY AUG 08-12, 1994 CL FLAGSTAFF, AZ SP NO Arizona Univ, Univ Arizona, Bur Indian Affairs, Phoenix Area Off, Soc Amer Foresters C1 US FOREST SERV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1994 VL 258 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BD13W UT WOS:A1994BD13W00001 ER PT B AU BAKER, MB DEBANO, LF FFOLLIOTT, PF AF BAKER, MB DEBANO, LF FFOLLIOTT, PF BE Shaw, DW Aldon, EF LoSapio, C TI SOIL LOSS IN PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SITE PRODUCTIVITY AND DESIRED FUTURE CONDITION SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Pinon-Juniper Symposium - Desired Future Conditions for Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems CY AUG 08-12, 1994 CL FLAGSTAFF, AZ SP NO Arizona Univ, Univ Arizona, Bur Indian Affairs, Phoenix Area Off, Soc Amer Foresters C1 US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI COMPLEX,FLAGSTAFF,AZ. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1994 VL 258 BP 9 EP 15 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BD13W UT WOS:A1994BD13W00003 ER PT B AU TAUSCH, RJ WEST, NE AF TAUSCH, RJ WEST, NE BE Shaw, DW Aldon, EF LoSapio, C TI PLANT SPECIES COMPOSITION PATTERNS WITH DIFFERENCES IN TREE DOMINANCE ON A SOUTHWESTERN UTAH PINON-JUNIPER SITE SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Pinon-Juniper Symposium - Desired Future Conditions for Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems CY AUG 08-12, 1994 CL FLAGSTAFF, AZ SP NO Arizona Univ, Univ Arizona, Bur Indian Affairs, Phoenix Area Off, Soc Amer Foresters C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,RENO,NV. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1994 VL 258 BP 16 EP 23 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BD13W UT WOS:A1994BD13W00004 ER PT J AU GOTTFRIED, GJ FFOLLIOTT, PF AF GOTTFRIED, GJ FFOLLIOTT, PF BE Shaw, DW Aldon, EF LoSapio, C TI STAND DYNAMICS ON UPPER ELEVATION PINON-JUNIPER WATERSHEDS AT BEAVER CREEK, ARIZONA SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Pinon-Juniper Symposium - Desired Future Conditions for Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems CY AUG 08-12, 1994 CL FLAGSTAFF, AZ SP NO Arizona Univ, Univ Arizona, Bur Indian Affairs, Phoenix Area Off, Soc Amer Foresters C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1994 VL 258 BP 38 EP 45 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BD13W UT WOS:A1994BD13W00007 ER PT J AU KLOPATEK, CC MURPHY, KL ROSEN, J OBST, JR KLOPATEK, JM AF KLOPATEK, CC MURPHY, KL ROSEN, J OBST, JR KLOPATEK, JM BE Shaw, DW Aldon, EF LoSapio, C TI PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF DECOMPOSITION AND CELLULOSE DEGRADATION ALONG AN ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENT IN NORTHERN ARIZONA SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Pinon-Juniper Symposium - Desired Future Conditions for Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems CY AUG 08-12, 1994 CL FLAGSTAFF, AZ SP NO Arizona Univ, Univ Arizona, Bur Indian Affairs, Phoenix Area Off, Soc Amer Foresters C1 ARIZONA STATE UNIV,MICROBIOL,US FOREST SERV,TEMPE,AZ 85287. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1994 VL 258 BP 46 EP 53 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BD13W UT WOS:A1994BD13W00008 ER PT J AU TAUSCH, RJ TUELLER, PT AF TAUSCH, RJ TUELLER, PT BE Shaw, DW Aldon, EF LoSapio, C TI RELATIONSHIPS AMONG PLANT SPECIES COMPOSITION AND MULE DEER WINTER RANGE USE ON EASTERN NEVADA PINON-JUNIPER CHAININGS SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Pinon-Juniper Symposium - Desired Future Conditions for Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems CY AUG 08-12, 1994 CL FLAGSTAFF, AZ SP NO Arizona Univ, Univ Arizona, Bur Indian Affairs, Phoenix Area Off, Soc Amer Foresters C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,RENO,NV. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1994 VL 258 BP 65 EP 73 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BD13W UT WOS:A1994BD13W00010 ER PT J AU KRUSE, WH AF KRUSE, WH BE Shaw, DW Aldon, EF LoSapio, C TI EFFECTS OF FUELWOOD HARVESTING ON SMALL MAMMAL POPULATIONS IN A PINON-JUNIPER WOODLAND SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Pinon-Juniper Symposium - Desired Future Conditions for Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems CY AUG 08-12, 1994 CL FLAGSTAFF, AZ SP NO Arizona Univ, Univ Arizona, Bur Indian Affairs, Phoenix Area Off, Soc Amer Foresters C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1994 VL 258 BP 91 EP 96 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BD13W UT WOS:A1994BD13W00013 ER PT J AU NEGRON, JF AF NEGRON, JF BE Shaw, DW Aldon, EF LoSapio, C TI CONE AND SEED INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH PINON PINE SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Pinon-Juniper Symposium - Desired Future Conditions for Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems CY AUG 08-12, 1994 CL FLAGSTAFF, AZ SP NO Arizona Univ, Univ Arizona, Bur Indian Affairs, Phoenix Area Off, Soc Amer Foresters C1 ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1994 VL 258 BP 97 EP 106 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BD13W UT WOS:A1994BD13W00014 ER PT J AU SWAN, L AF SWAN, L BE Shaw, DW Aldon, EF LoSapio, C TI WESTERN JUNIPER - AN EVOLVING CASE STUDY IN COMMERCIALIZATION, ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT, AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Pinon-Juniper Symposium - Desired Future Conditions for Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems CY AUG 08-12, 1994 CL FLAGSTAFF, AZ SP NO Arizona Univ, Univ Arizona, Bur Indian Affairs, Phoenix Area Off, Soc Amer Foresters C1 US FOREST SERV,WINEMA NATL FOREST,KLAMATH FALLS,OR. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1994 VL 258 BP 179 EP 183 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BD13W UT WOS:A1994BD13W00027 ER PT B AU JEFFERS, RM AF JEFFERS, RM BE Shaw, DW Aldon, EF LoSapio, C TI PINON PINE SEED PRODUCTION, COLLECTION, AND STORAGE SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Pinon-Juniper Symposium - Desired Future Conditions for Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems CY AUG 08-12, 1994 CL FLAGSTAFF, AZ SP NO Arizona Univ, Univ Arizona, Bur Indian Affairs, Phoenix Area Off, Soc Amer Foresters C1 US FOREST SERV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1994 VL 258 BP 191 EP 197 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BD13W UT WOS:A1994BD13W00029 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, RS AF EDWARDS, RS BE Shaw, DW Aldon, EF LoSapio, C TI CARRIZO-DEMONSTRATION-AREA RESTORATION OF A SOUTHWEST FOREST ECOSYSTEM SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Pinon-Juniper Symposium - Desired Future Conditions for Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems CY AUG 08-12, 1994 CL FLAGSTAFF, AZ SP NO Arizona Univ, Univ Arizona, Bur Indian Affairs, Phoenix Area Off, Soc Amer Foresters C1 US FOREST SERV,LINCOLN NATL FOREST,RUIDOSO,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1994 VL 258 BP 198 EP 202 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BD13W UT WOS:A1994BD13W00030 ER PT J AU ELLENWOOD, JR AF ELLENWOOD, JR BE Shaw, DW Aldon, EF LoSapio, C TI SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS FOR PINON-JUNIPER SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Pinon-Juniper Symposium - Desired Future Conditions for Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems CY AUG 08-12, 1994 CL FLAGSTAFF, AZ SP NO Arizona Univ, Univ Arizona, Bur Indian Affairs, Phoenix Area Off, Soc Amer Foresters C1 US FOREST SERV,WILLIAMS,AZ. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1994 VL 258 BP 203 EP 208 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BD13W UT WOS:A1994BD13W00031 ER PT J AU PARKER, D WILLIAMSON, M EDWARDS, R WARD, R AF PARKER, D WILLIAMSON, M EDWARDS, R WARD, R BE Shaw, DW Aldon, EF LoSapio, C TI TRIAL APPLICATIONS OF LOW-IMPACT HERBICIDES FOR PINON-JUNIPER CONTROL IN THE SOUTHWEST SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Pinon-Juniper Symposium - Desired Future Conditions for Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems CY AUG 08-12, 1994 CL FLAGSTAFF, AZ SP NO Arizona Univ, Univ Arizona, Bur Indian Affairs, Phoenix Area Off, Soc Amer Foresters C1 US FOREST SERV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1994 VL 258 BP 209 EP 213 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BD13W UT WOS:A1994BD13W00032 ER PT J AU KRUSE, WH PERRY, HM AF KRUSE, WH PERRY, HM BE Shaw, DW Aldon, EF LoSapio, C TI ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT RESEARCH IN AN OLD GROWTH PINON-JUNIPER WOODLAND SO DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS FOR PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Pinon-Juniper Symposium - Desired Future Conditions for Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems CY AUG 08-12, 1994 CL FLAGSTAFF, AZ SP NO Arizona Univ, Univ Arizona, Bur Indian Affairs, Phoenix Area Off, Soc Amer Foresters C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1994 VL 258 BP 219 EP 224 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BD13W UT WOS:A1994BD13W00034 ER PT B AU LEONG, SA MEI, B VOISARD, C BUDDE, A MCEVOY, J WANG, J XU, P SAVILLE, B AF LEONG, SA MEI, B VOISARD, C BUDDE, A MCEVOY, J WANG, J XU, P SAVILLE, B BE Bergeron, RJ Brittenham, GM TI THE FERRICHROME BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY OF USTILAGO-MAYDIS REVEALS SIMILARITIES TO THE AEROBACTIN PATHWAY OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI AND TO GLOBIN GENE-REGULATION IN ERYTHROID-CELLS SO DEVELOPMENT OF IRON CHELATORS FOR CLINICAL USE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on The Development of Iron Chelators for Clinical Use CY MAY, 1992 CL UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT MED CHEM, GAINESVILLE, FL SP NHLBI, NIDDKD, CIBA GEIGY LTD, COOLEYS ANEMIA FDN HO UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT MED CHEM C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,PLANT DIS RESISTANCE RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-8679-9 PY 1994 BP 187 EP 207 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BZ71Y UT WOS:A1994BZ71Y00010 ER PT J AU SINHA, N HAKE, S AF SINHA, N HAKE, S TI THE KNOTTED LEAF BLADE IS A MOSAIC OF BLADE, SHEATH, AND AURICLE IDENTITIES SO DEVELOPMENTAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE MOSAIC OF CELL IDENTITIES; KNOTTED LEAF; HOMEOBOX GENE AND CELL FATES ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC GENE-EXPRESSION; GRASS ARUNDINELLA-HIRTA; MAIZE HOMEOBOX GENE; MESOPHYLL-CELLS; BUNDLE SHEATH; C-4 NADP; ZEA-MAYS; LEAVES; TISSUE; MUTANT AB The dominant Knotted-1 mutations in maize alter development of the leaf blade. Sporadic patches of localized growth, or knots, and fringes of ectopic ligule occur along lateral veins of mutant leaf blades. In addition, bundle sheaths do not completely encircle lateral veins on mutant leaf blades. We have compared mutant leaf blades with wild-type leaves to determine the precise nature of the perturbed regions. Our analysis includes characterization of epidermal cell shapes, localization of photosynthetic proteins and histology of the leaf. We show that mutant leaf blades are a mosaic of leaf organ components. Affected regions of mutant leaf blades resemble either sheath or auricle tissue in both external and internal features. This conversion of blade cells represents an acropetal shift of more basal parts of the leaf blade region and correlates with previously identified ectopic expression of the Knotted-1 protein in the leaf blade. We propose that inappropriate expression of Kn 1 interferes with the process of establishment of cell identities, resulting in early termination of the normal blade development program or precocious expression of the sheath and auricle development programs. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 50 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0192-253X J9 DEV GENET JI Dev. Genet. PY 1994 VL 15 IS 5 BP 401 EP 414 DI 10.1002/dvg.1020150503 PG 14 WC Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA PJ313 UT WOS:A1994PJ31300002 ER PT B AU STANFILLMCMILLAN, K HATFIELD, CA AF STANFILLMCMILLAN, K HATFIELD, CA BE Mufti, AA Bakht, B Jaeger, LG TI PERFORMANCE OF STEEL, CONCRETE, PRESTRESSED CONCRETE, AND TIMBER BRIDGES SO DEVELOPMENTS IN SHORT AND MEDIUM SPAN BRIDGE ENGINEERING '94 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Short and Medium Span Bridges CY AUG 08-11, 1994 CL HALIFAX, CANADA SP CANADIAN SOC CIVIL ENGN C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SOCIETY CIVIL ENGINEERING PI MONTREAL PA 2155 GUY, SUITE 840, MONTREAL PQ H3H 2R9, CANADA BN 0-921303-51-3 PY 1994 BP 341 EP 354 PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BC94U UT WOS:A1994BC94U00030 ER PT S AU JAMES, RL HILDEBRAND, DM FRANKEL, SJ CRAM, MM OBRIEN, JG AF JAMES, RL HILDEBRAND, DM FRANKEL, SJ CRAM, MM OBRIEN, JG BE Perrin, R Sutherland, JR TI Alternative technologies for management of soilborne diseases in bareroot forest nurseries in the United States SO DISEASES AND INSECTS IN FOREST NURSERIES SE COLLOQUES DE L INRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the International-Union-of-Forestry-Research-Organisation Working Party S2 07-09 on Diseases and Insects in Forest Nurseries/European COST 813 Group CY OCT 03-10, 1993 CL DIJON, FRANCE SP INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG, EUROPEAN COST 813 GRP C1 US FOREST SERV,COEUR DALENE,ID. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NATL RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE PI PARIS PA 147 RUE DE L'UNIVERSITE, 75007 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0293-1915 BN 2-7380-0591-8 J9 COLLOQ INRA PY 1994 VL 68 BP 237 EP 246 PG 10 WC Entomology; Forestry SC Entomology; Forestry GA BC52W UT WOS:A1994BC52W00026 ER PT S AU FRAEDRICH, SW AF FRAEDRICH, SW BE Perrin, R Sutherland, JR TI Soil fumigation in southern forest tree nurseries: Current status and future needs for pest management SO DISEASES AND INSECTS IN FOREST NURSERIES SE COLLOQUES DE L INRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the International-Union-of-Forestry-Research-Organisation Working Party S2 07-09 on Diseases and Insects in Forest Nurseries/European COST 813 Group CY OCT 03-10, 1993 CL DIJON, FRANCE SP INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG, EUROPEAN COST 813 GRP C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,OLUSTEE,FL 32072. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NATL RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE PI PARIS PA 147 RUE DE L'UNIVERSITE, 75007 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0293-1915 BN 2-7380-0591-8 J9 COLLOQ INRA PY 1994 VL 68 BP 267 EP 282 PG 16 WC Entomology; Forestry SC Entomology; Forestry GA BC52W UT WOS:A1994BC52W00029 ER PT S AU CAMPBELL, SJ AF CAMPBELL, SJ BE Perrin, R Sutherland, JR TI Environmental laws and forest nursery pest management in the United States SO DISEASES AND INSECTS IN FOREST NURSERIES SE COLLOQUES DE L INRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the International-Union-of-Forestry-Research-Organisation Working Party S2 07-09 on Diseases and Insects in Forest Nurseries/European COST 813 Group CY OCT 03-10, 1993 CL DIJON, FRANCE SP INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG, EUROPEAN COST 813 GRP C1 US FOREST SERV,PORTLAND,OR. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NATL RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE PI PARIS PA 147 RUE DE L'UNIVERSITE, 75007 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0293-1915 BN 2-7380-0591-8 J9 COLLOQ INRA PY 1994 VL 68 BP 283 EP 292 PG 10 WC Entomology; Forestry SC Entomology; Forestry GA BC52W UT WOS:A1994BC52W00030 ER PT J AU WISE, T MAURER, RR AF WISE, T MAURER, RR TI FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT, OOCYTE VIABILITY AND RECOVERY IN RELATION TO FOLLICULAR STEROIDS, PROLACTIN AND GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS THROUGHOUT THE ESTROUS PERIOD IN SUPEROVULATED HEIFERS WITH A NORMAL LH SURGE, NO DETECTABLE LH SURGE, AND PROGESTIN INHIBITION OF LH SURGE SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PORCINE GRANULOSA-CELLS; METOCLOPRAMIDE-INDUCED HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; OVARIAN GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS; FLUID GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS; GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE; BOVINE FOLLICLES; CORPUS-LUTEUM; ANTRAL FLUID AB Estrous cycles of heifers (n = 137) were synchronized with prostaglandin (PGF(2 alpha)) and follicular development stimulated with follicle stimulating hormone. Twenty-eight animals were administered Norgestomet implants 12 hr prior to the initial PGF2 alpha injection to suppress the LH surge that initiates ovulation. Animals were ovariectomized every 12 hr after the initial PGF2 alpha (7-9/time, 12-108 hr and at 192 and 240 hr post PGF2 alpha) and divided into three treatment groups to consist of: 1) animals exhibiting a normal luteinizing hormone (LH) surge (n = 86), 2) animals in which no LH surge was detected (n = 23), and 3) suppression of the LH surge via Norgestomet implants (72-108 hr, n = 28). Follicular diameter was measured and follicular fluid was collected for analysis of prolactin, estradiol, progesterone and glycosaminoglycan concentrations. Progesterone concentrations were increased in animals exhibiting an LH surge as compared to animals in which no LH surge was detected; primarily in large follicles (> 8 mm diameter) after the LH surge. Animals not exhibiting an LH surge also had increased follicular progesterone concentrations compared to Norgestomet-implanted animals (242.3 +/- 36.3 vs 86.7 +/- 6.4 ng/ml, respectively, P < .01), indicating some LH stimulation. Follicular estradiol in animals exhibiting an LH surge increased up to the time of LH surge detection and then declined whereas animals with no LH surge detected had follicular estradiol concentrations that declined after the PGF,OI injection. No differences were noted between those that did not exhibit an LH surge or in which the LH surge was suppressed with Norgestomet in relation to follicular estradiol concentrations. Follicular estradiol concentrations increased with follicular size in all treatment groups (P < .01). Follicular concentrations of prolactin were increased in small follicles (P < .05; less than or equal to 4 mm diameter) and follicular prolactin increased from 12 to 36 hr post PGF2 alpha injection, then declined after the LH surge. Follicular glycosaminoglycan concentrations decreased with increases in follicular size (P < .01) and were higher in animals that did not exhibit an LH surge (P < .01). No differences in follicular glycosaminoglycans were noted between Norgestomet-implanted animals and those not exhibiting an LH surge. In the animals representing days 4 and 6 of the subsequent estrous cycle (192 and 240 hr post PGF2 alpha), numbers of small-sized follicles were increased. Follicular progesterone and estradiol concentrations were related to atretic large follicles unovulated from the prior estrus and a new wave of growth in small and medium follicles. Follicular prolactin and glycosaminoglycans increased with time of the new estrous cycle and were increased in smaller follicles (P < .01). Suppression of LH with progestin implants (Norgestomet) may relate to early effects of progesterone, which may not be totally eliminated at target tissues and subsequently alters the LH surge, steroidogenesis of the follicle, and ovulation. Oocytes were predominantly found in the follicular fluid from animals in which an LH surge was detected and in the buffer wash of follicles in which no LH surge was detected. Oocyte viability was higher in animals exhibiting an LH surge (75% viable) whereas the oocytes of Norgestomet-implanted animals were 75% degenerate. RP WISE, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 88 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 11 IS 1 BP 35 EP 58 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(94)90035-3 PG 24 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA MR703 UT WOS:A1994MR70300004 PM 8124931 ER PT J AU WISE, T SUSS, U STRANZINGER, G WUTHRICH, K MAURER, RR AF WISE, T SUSS, U STRANZINGER, G WUTHRICH, K MAURER, RR TI CUMULUS AND OOCYTE MATURATION AND IN-VITRO AND IN-VIVO FERTILIZATION OF OOCYTES IN RELATION TO FOLLICULAR STEROIDS, PROLACTIN, AND GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS THROUGHOUT THE ESTROUS PERIOD IN SUPEROVULATED HEIFERS WITH A NORMAL LH SURGE, NO DETECTABLE LH SURGE, AND PROGESTIN INHIBITION OF LH SURGE SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MENOPAUSAL GONADOTROPIN; IMMATURE BOVINE OOCYTES; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; GRANULOSA-CELLS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE; CULTURED INVITRO; MATURED INVITRO; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; ANTRAL FLUID AB Crossbred heifers (n = 103) were synchronized to estrus with prostaglandin (PGF(2 alpha)) and superovulated with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH-P). Animals were ovariectomized every 12 hr after the PGF(2 alpha) injection (n = 7 to 9/time) up to 108 hr to monitor the follicular, hormonal, and oocyte changes associated with follicular development and ovulation. Twenty-eight animals were implanted with Norgestomet implants 12 hr before PGF(2 alpha) and ovariectomized at 72, 84, 96, and 108 hr post PGF(2 alpha) injection to monitor effects of progesterone and suppression of the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge on oocyte maturation and quality. Follicular fluid was collected and analyzed for progesterone, estradiol, prolactin, and glycosaminoglycan content in conjunction with cumulus maturation and nuclear stage of oocyte maturation. Analysis of in vivo matured oocytes by in vitro fertilization was carried out at 60, 72, 84, and 96 hr post PGF(2 alpha) and in vitro matured oocytes at 12 to 108 hr post PGF(2 alpha). No developmental changes in cumulus cells surrounding the oocyte of small follicles was noted (less than or equal to 4 mm dia) indicating a static population. Medium (> 4 less than or equal to 8 mm) and large size (> 8 mm) follicles developed to the corona radiata and loose cumulus stages in animals in which an LH surge was detected but cumulus status remained primarily in the tight cumulus stage for animals without an LH surge. The estradiol-to-progesterone ratio for tight cumulus (TC), corona radiata (CR), and loose cumulus (LC) stages was 1.8 +/- .1, 1.0 +/- .1, and.4 +/- .2, respectively (P < .01). Nuclear maturation of oocytes in small follicles from animals without a detectable LH surge seem to indicate early maturation (48 to 72 hr post PGF(2 alpha)) in conjunction with a high percent of degenerate oocytes not seen in animals exhibiting an LH surge. Oocytes from medium size follicles matured to germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and early meiosis (metaphase I; MI) stages of development in all treatments. Most oocytes were degenerate in Norgestomet-implanted animals. Oocytes from large follicles (> 8 mm dia) from animals exhibiting an LH surge were in MI and metaphase II (MII) stages (48 to 84 hr post PGF(2 alpha)) in preparation of ovulation whereas oocytes from animals not exhibiting an LH surge had oocytes that early matured to MII (48 to 72 hr post PGF(2 alpha)), later regressing to degenerate oocytes (84 to 108 hr). Follicular progesterone, estradiol, and prolactin increased with oocyte maturation, particularly in medium and large follicles. In vivo matured oocytes for fertilization (60, 72, 84, and 96 hr post PGF(2 alpha)) were nude (from the oviduct) and primarily CR from follicles. Tubal oocytes (37%) were fertilized more frequently by a single sperm than follicular oocytes (14.3%; P < .01) and single sperm penetration peaked at 72 hr post PGF(2 alpha). Follicular hormone concentrations were not related to sperm penetration. Oocytes (n = 101) matured in vivo had lower fertilization potential from ovaries producing < 14 or > 50 follicles (39.3%) as compared to 21 to 45 aspirated follicles (68.2%; P < .05), with a peak penetration at 32 follicles (86.7% penetration). No treatment differences (LH surge or no detectable LH surge) were noted in relation to in vivo matured oocytes. Oocytes with single sperm penetration had the lowest estradiol/progesterone ratio of 2.2 vs polyspermic penetration of 13.7. C1 SWISS FED INST TECHNOL,INST ANIM SCI,ANIM BREEDING GRP,CH-8092 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RP WISE, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,RLH US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 79 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 11 IS 1 BP 59 EP 86 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(94)90036-1 PG 28 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA MR703 UT WOS:A1994MR70300005 PM 8124932 ER PT J AU MATTERI, RL BECKER, BA LAMBERSON, WR AF MATTERI, RL BECKER, BA LAMBERSON, WR TI SOMATOTROPH AND LACTOTROPH FUNCTION IN RELATION TO GROWTH IN 6-WEEK-OLD PIGS REARED IN A HOT OR COOL ENVIRONMENT SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-I; HORMONE GH; CIRCULATING CONCENTRATIONS; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; PROLACTIN SECRETION; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; NEONATAL SURVIVAL; BIRTH-WEIGHT; GROWING-PIGS; RELEASE AB The influences of thermal environment and individual growth rate on somatotroph and lactotroph function were examined in 6-week-old barrows reared entirely in a hot (H: 27-32 degrees C, n = 8) or cool (C: 21 degrees C, n = 10) environment. Growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) cell contents and responses to growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) or thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were evaluated in cultured pituitary cells from each animal. Plasma GH, PRL, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations also were monitored. Thermal environment did not affect in vitro GH secretion, cellular GH content, or plasma GH concentrations. Stimulated in vitro GH release (GHRH-basal) and plasma GH were inversely related to average daily gain (ADG, r = -.76, p < .005 and r = -.51, p < .05, respectively). Cellular GH content also declined as ADG increased (r = -.57, p < .05). Plasma IGF-1 concentrations were not affected by thermal environment and were not related to ADG. Pituitary cells from H animals secreted and contained more PRL than cells from C animals (p < .05). Plasma PRL values were correlated with ADG (r = .54, p < .05), but did not differ between thermal groups. Stimulated in vitro PRL (TRH-vehicle) secretion was positively related with ADG only in the H group (r = .97, p < .001). In contrast, cellular PRL content decreased with ADG in cells from the H barrows (r = -.8, p < .05). Lactotroph function was not related to growth in eels from C pigs. In summary, 1) heat enhanced PRL secretion and cell content; 2) growth and somatotroph function were inversely related; and 3) serum PRL and the PRL response to TRH in cells from H barrows were positively related to growth. C1 USDA ARS,AMIN PHYSIOL RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO. RP MATTERI, RL (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ANIM SCI,ANIM SCI RES CTR,ROOM S-143,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 11 IS 1 BP 101 EP 114 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(94)90038-8 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA MR703 UT WOS:A1994MR70300007 PM 8124926 ER PT J AU KLEMCKE, HG AF KLEMCKE, HG TI RESPONSES OF THE PORCINE PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS TO CHRONIC INTERMITTENT STRESSOR SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE; CORTICOSTERONE RESPONSES; CORTISOL SECRETION; RECEPTORS; ACTH; PLASMA; RESTRAINT; PROLACTIN; CELLS AB Initial responses and adaptation of the porcine pituitary-adrenal axis to a chronic intermittent stressor (45-min daily restraint for 8 or 9 d) and effects of this stressor on binding to adrenocortical ACTH receptors were measured. Blood samples were obtained via indwelling jugular catheters on days 1, 5, and 9. On day 9, barrows (castrated male pigs; 40 kg) were killed and adrenal glands obtained. Binding to adrenal ACTH receptors was measured using [I-125]Tyr(23),Phe(2),Nle(4)ACTH(1-38) analog. Basal (prestressor) ACTH, cortisol, and PRL concentrations were not affected by 9 d of 45-min restraint daily (RES-9). In RES-9 barrows, integrated ACTH responses to restraint decreased 46% (P<.05) between day 1 and day 5, then remained constant through day 9. Integrated PRL and cortisol responses were 28 to 30% lower on day 9 than on day 1 (P<.05). On day 9 integrated ACTH responses for RES-9 pigs were 59% lower than those of pigs exposed to a single 45-min restraint on day 9 (P<.05), whereas integrated cortisol responses were similar. Responsiveness of the pituitary-adrenal axis on day 9, 24 hr after the last of 8 daily 45-min restraints (RES-8), was compared with that of previously unstressed (naive) pigs. Exposure of RES-and and naive pigs to a novel stressor (i.m. saline injection) produced plasma ACTH and cortisol responses of comparable magnitude. Intravenous injection of 2 mu g ACTH (1-24) to RES-8 and naive pigs produced plasma cortisol responses of comparable magnitude. Plasma ACTH responses were 49% less (P<.05) in RES-8 pigs, and were associated with 65% increases (P=.02) of ACTH apparent metabolic clearance rates (ml/min/kg body weight), and 49% increases (P=.06) in ACTH apparent volumes of distribution (ml/kg body weight). In RES-8 pigs vs naive pigs, the ratio of integrated cortisol/integrated plasma ACTH was greater (P<.01) after ACTH injection, and the plasma cortisol response occurred more rapidly. Thus, RES-8 pigs appeared to be more responsive to ACTH. Since binding of ACTH to adrenocortical receptors did not differ between RES-8 or RES-9 pigs and controls, changes in ACTH receptors cannot account for differences in responsiveness. These data indicate chronic intermittent stressor-associated changes occur in functioning of the porcine pituitary-adrenal axis which are not apparent when considering only basal hormonal concentrations. RP KLEMCKE, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 54 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 11 IS 1 BP 133 EP 149 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(94)90041-8 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA MR703 UT WOS:A1994MR70300010 PM 8124929 ER PT J AU SIMPSON, WT AF SIMPSON, WT TI GROUPING TROPICAL WOOD SPECIES FOR KILN DRYING USING MATHEMATICAL-MODELS SO DRYING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DRYING; TROPICAL WOODS; HARDWOODS; KILN DRY AB Because of the large variety and diffuse occurrence of tropical hardwood species in the forest, an efficient method to kiln dry these hardwoods in groups is needed. However, tropical hardwoods have a wide variety of-drying properties, which makes drying mixtures of species difficult. This paper describes a mathematical model for grouping species by similar drying times. Our goal is to kiln dry so that all species emerge at the same time within set limits of moisture content. The model, which uses previously reported data, incorporates specific gravity, initial moisture content, and thickness as criteria for grouping species based on estimated drying time. The model can be used to calculate drying times and moisture content distributions within multiple-step kiln schedules, followed by calculations to equalize all members of the mixture within final moisture content specifications. The model can also be used to base grouping on green weight density, thus eliminating the need for direct information on specific gravity and initial moisture content. Plans are to evaluate the dry-kiln grouping system in field tests. RP SIMPSON, WT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0737-3937 J9 DRY TECHNOL JI Dry. Technol. PY 1994 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1877 EP 1896 DI 10.1080/07373939408962211 PG 20 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA PR131 UT WOS:A1994PR13100006 ER PT J AU MILOTA, MR TSCHERNITZ, JL AF MILOTA, MR TSCHERNITZ, JL TI SIMULATION OF DRYING IN A BATCH LUMBER KILN FROM SINGLE-BOARD TESTS SO DRYING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CONVECTIVE DRYING; DETERMINISTIC MODEL; WOOD AB A deterministic model was developed to perform a board-by-board simulation of a forced convective batch lumber kiln. Individual board properties may be input and dryer operating parameters varied. The drying rates are empirical correlations based on single-board laboratory tests. The model incorporates the thermodynamic properties of the wood and gas, as well as mass and energy balances within the lumber stack. It also accounts for differences in heat and mass transfer resulting from position and changing gas properties throughout the dryer. The rate of drying predicted by the model and the final moisture content distribution were verified by weighing boards in a batch kiln before, during, and after drying. The application of the model is illustrated by simulating four common scenarios. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP MILOTA, MR (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST PROD,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0737-3937 J9 DRY TECHNOL JI Dry. Technol. PY 1994 VL 12 IS 8 BP 2027 EP 2055 DI 10.1080/07373939408962218 PG 29 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA PR131 UT WOS:A1994PR13100013 ER PT B AU MATTSON, WJ BIRR, BA LAWRENCE, RK AF MATTSON, WJ BIRR, BA LAWRENCE, RK BE Price, PW Mattson, WJ Baranchikov, YN TI VARIATION IN THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF NORTH-AMERICAN WHITE SPRUCE POPULATIONS TO THE GALL-FORMING ADELGID, ADELGES-ABIETIS (HOMOPTERA, ADELGIDAE) SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF GALL-FORMING INSECTS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Ecology and Evolution of Gall-Forming Insects CY AUG 09-13, 1993 CL KRANSNOYARSK, RUSSIA SP INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, SIBERIAN BRANCH, NO ARIZONA UNIV, DEPT BIOL SCI DE HOST PLANT RESISTANCE; PROVENANCE VARIATION; COMPETITION; INTRODUCED INSECT; PINEUS-SIMILIS C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,US FOREST SERV,PESTICIDE RES CTR,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV N CENTRAL FOREST EXPTL STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 J9 USDA N CENT PY 1994 VL 174 BP 135 EP 147 PG 13 WC Ecology; Entomology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology; Forestry GA BC49D UT WOS:A1994BC49D00015 ER PT J AU BOOTH, S JOHNS, T SADOWSKI, JA SOLOMONS, NW AF BOOTH, S JOHNS, T SADOWSKI, JA SOLOMONS, NW TI PHYLLOQUINONE AS A BIOCHEMICAL MARKER FOR THE DIETARY-INTAKE OF GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES BY THE KEKCHI PEOPLE OF ALTA-VERAPAZ, GUATEMALA SO ECOLOGY OF FOOD AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE PHYLLOQUINONE; BIOCHEMICAL MARKER; TRADITIONAL PROCESSING; LEAFY VEGETABLES; 7-DAY FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; GUATEMALA ID VITAMIN-K1; PLASMA AB Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) was examined as a potential biochemical marker of indigenous leafy green vegetable intake. Phylloquinone content for 13 species of indigenous leafy green vegetables currently consumed by the K'ekchi-speaking people of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, ranged from 0.20-1.14 mg/100 g fresh weight for raw samples (n = 25), and from 0.27-1.51 mg/100 g fresh weight for cooked samples (n = 14) as determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Fasting plasma phylloquinone concentrations in a sample of K'ekchi-speaking women (n = 26) who participated in a dietary survey that estimated the frequency of intake of leafy green vegetables ranged from 0.19-2.01 nmol/L (xBAR = 0.79 nmol/L). When ranked plasma phylloquinone values were compared to the ranked average 7-day intake of indigenous greens, there was no correlation between the two ranks (p = 0.2157). C1 MCGILL UNIV,SCH DIETET & HUMAN NUTR,MACDONALD CAMPUS,21111 LAKESHORE RD,ST ANNE BELLEVUE H9X 3V9,ON,CANADA. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. CTR STUDIES SENSORY IMPAIRMENT AGING & METAB,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0367-0244 J9 ECOL FOOD NUTR JI Ecol. Food Nutr. PY 1994 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 201 EP 209 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA NL456 UT WOS:A1994NL45600004 ER PT J AU WELSHMADDUX, MM SPAETH, SC MUEHLBAUER, FJ AF WELSHMADDUX, MM SPAETH, SC MUEHLBAUER, FJ TI MORPHOLOGY OF THE SLASHED POD TRAIT IN LENTIL SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE POD ANATOMY; LENTIL; LENS-CULINARIS; SCLERENCHYMA; REDUCED PARCHMENT AB Reducing losses from pod shatter is a major goal of most lentil (Lens culinaris) improvement programs, however, genetic variability is limited. Recently, a slashed pod trait was suggested to have potential value for reducing losses from shattering, but little was known about the trait. In this study we determined the anatomical features which were associated with the slashed pod trait. Histological specimens from 'Brewer' lentil (normal pods) and from germplasm lines expressing the slashed pod trait were compared to each other and to specimens from normal and reduced pod parchment pea (Pisum sativum) lines. Reduced parchment pea pods had less sclerenchyma tissue and fewer fibers than pea pods with normal parchment, but all lentil pods examined had comparable sclerenchyma tissue with similar quantities of fiber. The slashed pod trait was not the result of reduced sclerenchyma tissue (parchment) as had been previously suggested. Apparently, the slashed pod trait resulted from the stresses which develop between fiber cells within the sclerenchyma layer of the pod wall during pod maturation and drying. The trait had little effect on quality of seeds for human utilization in the environments tested but may have an undesirable effect in other environments. Although seed loss due to shatter appeared to be decreased in pods exhibiting the trait, the uncertainty of expression due to environmental influences makes the trait an unlikely candidate for use in lentil improvement programs. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,GRAIN LEGUMES USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP WELSHMADDUX, MM (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT MED,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 48 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.1007/BF02901377 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NE875 UT WOS:A1994NE87500005 ER PT J AU URI, ND CHOMO, GV HOSKIN, R HYBERG, B AF URI, ND CHOMO, GV HOSKIN, R HYBERG, B TI THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF THE MARKET FOR SOYBEANS AND SOYBEAN PRODUCTS SO ECONOMIST LA English DT Article ID COMPETITIVE FOOD-INDUSTRY; RETAIL PRICE SPREAD; TESTS AB This paper addresses the question of whether Soybeans, soybean meal, and soybean oil produced in the United States and exported were part of a single, world geographic market during the decade of the 1980s. An answer to this question is sought using an approach to defining a geographic market based on the notion of instantaneous causality. The empirical results, based on prices for soybeans, soybean meal, and soybean oil for three spatially diffuse locations, suggest that there was but a single identifiable world market for these commodities over the period of study. RP URI, ND (reprint author), USDA ARS,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-063X J9 ECONOMIST JI Economist PY 1994 VL 142 IS 1 BP 75 EP 95 DI 10.1007/BF01385002 PG 21 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA NJ083 UT WOS:A1994NJ08300005 ER PT B AU WERGIN, WP ERBE, EF AF WERGIN, WP ERBE, EF BE Jouffrey, B Colliex, C TI Use of low temperature scanning electron microscopy to examine snow crystals SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1994, VOLS 3A AND 3B: APPLICATIONS IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY JUL 17-22, 1994 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Int Federat Soc Electron Microscopy, Minist Enseignement Super & Recher, Acad Sci, Minist Affaires Etrangeres, European Union, CNRS, INSERM, CEA C1 USDA ARS,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS PA AVENUE DU HOGGAR, ZONE INDUSTRIELLE COURTABOEUF, BP112 91944 LES ULIS, FRANCE BN 2-86883-228-8 PY 1994 BP 993 EP 994 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA BE09Z UT WOS:A1994BE09Z00465 ER PT S AU HAPEMAN, CJ AF HAPEMAN, CJ BE Tedder, DW Pohland, FG TI OXIDATION OF S-TRIAZINE PESTICIDES SO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT IV SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management IV, at the Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Special Symposium CY SEP 21-23, 1992 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV IND & ENGN CHEM ID OZONE; WATER; BIODEGRADATION; DECOMPOSITION; DEGRADATION; OZONATION; ATRAZINE; WASTE; SOIL AB A study of the aqueous ozonation of 2-chloro-s-triazine pesticides, atrazine, simazine and propazine, is presented. The ozonation process gave rise to a mixture of products whose structure and abundance is dependent on the duration of ozonation. Structures were determined by chemical methods, HPLC, mass and NMR spectroscopy. In all the primary and secondary ozonation products oxidation of the N-alkyl to the N-acetyl and/or removal of the amino substituents occurred and the s-triazine ring remained intact. Dechlorination was not observed. Reaction of the amide was not found if an alkyl functionality was present. A proposed degradation pathway of the s-triazines is described as well as a reaction product: profile of atrazine. The relative ozonation rate of N-ethyl was found to be five times greater than the rate of N-isopropyl as determined from competitive reactions and the rates of atrazine product formation. RP HAPEMAN, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2857-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1994 VL 554 BP 223 EP 233 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BA10G UT WOS:A1994BA10G00015 ER PT S AU Mitchell, AD Conway, JM AF Mitchell, AD Conway, JM BE Aguilera, JF TI Measurement of energy deposition and body composition of pigs by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) SO ENERGY METABOLISM OF FARM ANIMALS SE EAAP EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals CY SEP 18-24, 1994 CL MOJACAR, SPAIN SP European Assoc Anim Prod, Nutr Commiss, Consejo Super Investigac Cient C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WAGENINGEN PERS, STICHTING PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 42, 6700AA WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0071-2477 BN 84-00-07465-3 J9 EAAP PUBLIC PY 1994 IS 76 BP 31 EP 34 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BE37F UT WOS:A1994BE37F00005 ER PT S AU Freetly, HC Nienaber, JA AF Freetly, HC Nienaber, JA BE Aguilera, JF TI Gut and liver oxygen consumption following exposure to estradiol-17 beta in the mature ewe. SO ENERGY METABOLISM OF FARM ANIMALS SE EAAP EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals CY SEP 18-24, 1994 CL MOJACAR, SPAIN SP European Assoc Anim Prod, Nutr Commiss, Consejo Super Investigac Cient DE sheep; metabolism; splanchnic; steroid; blood flow C1 USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,RLH,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WAGENINGEN PERS, STICHTING PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 42, 6700AA WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0071-2477 BN 84-00-07465-3 J9 EAAP PUBLIC PY 1994 IS 76 BP 93 EP 96 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BE37F UT WOS:A1994BE37F00017 ER PT S AU Caperna, TJ Gavelek, D AF Caperna, TJ Gavelek, D BE Aguilera, JF TI Tissue ATPase activity in somatotropin-treated pigs SO ENERGY METABOLISM OF FARM ANIMALS SE EAAP EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals CY SEP 18-24, 1994 CL MOJACAR, SPAIN SP European Assoc Anim Prod, Nutr Commiss, Consejo Super Investigac Cient C1 USDA ARS,LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI INST,GROWTH BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WAGENINGEN PERS, STICHTING PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 42, 6700AA WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0071-2477 BN 84-00-07465-3 J9 EAAP PUBLIC PY 1994 IS 76 BP 125 EP 128 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BE37F UT WOS:A1994BE37F00026 ER PT S AU Reeds, PJ Berthold, HK Wykes, L Jahoor, F Klein, PD AF Reeds, PJ Berthold, HK Wykes, L Jahoor, F Klein, PD BE Aguilera, JF TI Nonessential amino acid synthesis: Probing intermediary metabolism with uniformly C-13-labeled substrates SO ENERGY METABOLISM OF FARM ANIMALS SE EAAP EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals CY SEP 18-24, 1994 CL MOJACAR, SPAIN SP European Assoc Anim Prod, Nutr Commiss, Consejo Super Investigac Cient C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RI Berthold, Heiner/E-6017-2011 OI Berthold, Heiner/0000-0002-1457-2216 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WAGENINGEN PERS, STICHTING PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 42, 6700AA WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0071-2477 BN 84-00-07465-3 J9 EAAP PUBLIC PY 1994 IS 76 BP 303 EP 307 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BE37F UT WOS:A1994BE37F00065 ER PT S AU Eigenberg, RA Nienaber, JA Hahn, GL AF Eigenberg, RA Nienaber, JA Hahn, GL BE Aguilera, JF TI Control of eating activity based on energetics for finishing swine under thermal stress SO ENERGY METABOLISM OF FARM ANIMALS SE EAAP EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals CY SEP 18-24, 1994 CL MOJACAR, SPAIN SP European Assoc Anim Prod, Nutr Commiss, Consejo Super Investigac Cient C1 USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WAGENINGEN PERS, STICHTING PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 42, 6700AA WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0071-2477 BN 84-00-07465-3 J9 EAAP PUBLIC PY 1994 IS 76 BP 351 EP 354 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BE37F UT WOS:A1994BE37F00075 ER PT S AU Wilkerson, VA Casper, DP Mertens, DR Tyrrell, HF AF Wilkerson, VA Casper, DP Mertens, DR Tyrrell, HF BE Aguilera, JF TI Evaluation of several methane prediction equations for dairy cows SO ENERGY METABOLISM OF FARM ANIMALS SE EAAP EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals CY SEP 18-24, 1994 CL MOJACAR, SPAIN SP European Assoc Anim Prod, Nutr Commiss, Consejo Super Investigac Cient C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WAGENINGEN PERS, STICHTING PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 42, 6700AA WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0071-2477 BN 84-00-07465-3 J9 EAAP PUBLIC PY 1994 IS 76 BP 395 EP 398 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BE37F UT WOS:A1994BE37F00086 ER PT J AU LACEY, LA ADAMS, JR AF LACEY, LA ADAMS, JR TI AN IRIDESCENT VIRUS FROM POPILLIA-JAPONICA (COL, SCARABAEIDAE) SO ENTOMOPHAGA LA English DT Article DE IRIDOVIRUS; SCARABAEIDAE; AZORES; LARVAL INFECTION AB A very low incidence (< 0.01 %) of a blue iridovirus (TV) was found in larvae of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, that were sampled over a two year period on Terceira Island (Azores, Portugal). In the most heavily infected larvae, a deep blue iridescence was observed, particularly in the fat body. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the characteristic crystalline arrays of the hexagonal virus particles in the cytoplasm of fat body cells, tracheal matrix, muscle, hypodermis and blood cells. Crystals of the virus particles were also observed freely circulating in the hemolymph. The average diameter of negatively stained purified virus particles was 157 nm. Similarities and differences with other IVs found in the Scarabaeidae are discussed. Considering the broad host range of some of the iridescent viruses, the relatively recent invasion of Terceira by P. japonica, and the rarity of the virus in the beetle, it is probable that the infection was the result of transmission from another species of soil-inhabiting arthropod. Its value as a potential biological control agent of P. japonica is negligible. C1 US ARS,SECRETARIA REG AGR & PESCSAS,JAPANESE BEETLE CONTROL PROJECT AZORES,TERCEIRA,PORTUGAL. US ARS,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS PI PARIS 08 PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE SN 0013-8959 J9 ENTOMOPHAGA JI Entomophaga PY 1994 VL 39 IS 2 BP 131 EP 136 DI 10.1007/BF02372351 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QG013 UT WOS:A1994QG01300002 ER PT J AU HAGLER, JR DURAND, CM AF HAGLER, JR DURAND, CM TI A NEW METHOD FOR IMMUNOLOGICALLY MARKING PREY AND ITS USE IN PREDATION STUDIES SO ENTOMOPHAGA LA English DT Article DE PREDATOR; PREY; ELISA; GUT CONTENT ANALYSIS; METHODS ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; HEMIPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; MIRIDAE; ELISA AB We introduce a new method for immunologically examining predator gut contents. It differs from previously described gut content analyses because it does not require the development of prey-specific antibody probes. Instead, insect prey were marked with a readily available antigen, rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG). We then assayed predators that had fed on IgG labeled prey with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using goat anti-rabbit IgG. Of the predator species that fed on the IgG labeled prey, 98.8% of those with chewing mouthparts scored positive for IgG 1 h after feeding. Our prey-labeling ELISA was less efficient for detecting IgG prey remains in predators with piercing/sucking mouthparts. Only 29.5% of these individuals scored positive for rabbit IgG in their guts Ih after feeding. An additional study was conducted to measure the retention time of IgG-labeled prey in the guts of two species of predators with chewing mouthparts. Results from this experiment showed that the retention time varied depending on the predator and prey species examined. Results from these studies indicate that this marking technique could have widespread use for analyzing the gut contents of predators with chewing mouthparts, but it has limited application for those predators with piercing/sucking mouthparts. RP HAGLER, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS PI PARIS 08 PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE SN 0013-8959 J9 ENTOMOPHAGA JI Entomophaga PY 1994 VL 39 IS 3-4 BP 257 EP 265 DI 10.1007/BF02373030 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RT753 UT WOS:A1994RT75300002 ER PT J AU BLUMBERG, D FERKOVICH, SM AF BLUMBERG, D FERKOVICH, SM TI DEVELOPMENT AND ENCAPSULATION OF THE ENDOPARASITOID, MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES (HYM, BRACONIDAE), IN 6 CANDIDATE HOST SPECIES (LEP) SO ENTOMOPHAGA LA English DT Article DE HOST SUITABILITY; PARASITOID ENCAPSULATION; DEVELOPMENT; MICROPLITIS CROCEIPES; SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA; GALLERIA MELLONELLA; SPODOPTERA EXIGUA; PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA; PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA; TRICHOPLUSIA NI ID HELIOTHIS-SPP; SOUTHEASTERN ARKANSAS; METAPHYCUS-SWIRSKII; INSECT PARASITOIDS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; EGGS; TEMPERATURE; NOCTUIDAE; LARVAE; SCALE AB Encapsulation and development of the endoparasitoid, Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), were studied in six atypical lepidopteran host species whose usual host is Helicoverpa tea (Boddie). The candidate hosts examined were: the fall army worm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith); the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner); the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner); the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.); the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner); and the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). Both S. exigua and T. ni were completely unsuitable for M. croceipes development due to the high rate of eggs that were encapsulated within three days after parasitism. Encapsulation in S. frugiperda included mainly parasitoid eggs and was first detected six days after parasitization at 25 degrees C and two days at 30 degrees C. Encapsulation in C. mellonella occurred only in the larval stage of the parasitoid. In P. interpunctella, parasitoid, larvae reached the 3rd stadium, but none of them pupated. Only S. frugiperda and G. mellonella supported successful development of M. croceipes from egg to adult. The percentage of parasitoids reaching the adult stage in these hosts was higher at 30 degrees C than at 25 degrees C (13% vs. 4% in S. frugiperda, and 21% vs. 3% in G. mellonella, respectively). However, these percentages were too low to substitute them as a more economical host for rearing M. croceipes. This biological information will be useful in additional laboratory studies directed toward reducing the rate of encapsulation (e.g., manipulation of host rearing temperature) to increase production of M. croceipes on these hosts. C1 AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. RP BLUMBERG, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS PI PARIS 08 PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE SN 0013-8959 J9 ENTOMOPHAGA JI Entomophaga PY 1994 VL 39 IS 3-4 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.1007/BF02373034 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RT753 UT WOS:A1994RT75300006 ER PT J AU HARRIS, EJ BAUTISTA, RC AF HARRIS, EJ BAUTISTA, RC TI FRUIT TRAP - A DETECTION AND COLLECTION TOOL FOR OPIINE PARASITOIDS (HYM, BRACONIDAE) OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLY, BACTROCERA-DORSALIS (DIPT, TEPHRITIDAE) SO ENTOMOPHAGA LA English DT Article DE FRUIT TRAP; OPIINE PARASITOIDS; BRACONIDAE; TEPHRITIDAE; DETECTION TOOL ID BIOSTERES-ARISANUS HYMENOPTERA; FLIES DIPTERA; KULA AREA; HAWAII; PARASITIZATION; ABUNDANCE; RATES; MAUI AB A fruit trap was developed for detection and collection of the opiine parasitoids of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera (= Dacus) dorsalis (Hendel). Gravid females of Biosteres arisanus (Sonan), an egg-larval parasitoid, or Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) and Psytallia incisi (Silvestri), both larval parasitoids, were lured to parasitize the eggs or larvae of B. dorsalis inoculated in ripe papaya fruits, Carica papaya L. Progenies of B. arisanus were consistently recovered from papaya fruits inoculated with B. dorsalis eggs (subsequently referred to as egg fruit traps). Except in Moloaa on Kauai (6%), higher percentage of B. dorsalis parasitization (range = 38-43%) was recorded in Hilo, island of Hawaii and Waimanalo and Poamoho, island of Oahu. Progenies of D. longicaudata and a few P. incisi were recovered from papaya fruits artificially infested with B. dorsalis larvae (subsequently referred to as larval fruit traps). The recovery of parasitoid progenies from larval fruit traps suspended from papaya trees did not differ significantly from larval fruit traps placed on the ground. In both methods of trap placement, percent parasitization of B. dorsalis by D. longicaudata (predominant species) ranged from 58-60%. On the other hand, significantly more B. arisanus than D. longicaudata and P. incisi adults (larval parasitoids) were recovered from fully ripened to highly deteriorated papaya fruits collected from papaya trees or ground (fallen fruits). RP HARRIS, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,POB 2280,HONOLULU,HI 96804, USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU LAVOISIER ABONNEMENTS PI PARIS 08 PA 11 RUE LAVOISIER, F-75384 PARIS 08, FRANCE SN 0013-8959 J9 ENTOMOPHAGA JI Entomophaga PY 1994 VL 39 IS 3-4 BP 341 EP 349 DI 10.1007/BF02373039 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RT753 UT WOS:A1994RT75300011 ER PT J AU SHIELDS, FD KNIGHT, SS COOPER, CM AF SHIELDS, FD KNIGHT, SS COOPER, CM TI EFFECTS OF CHANNEL INCISION ON BASE-FLOW STREAM HABITATS AND FISHES SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE STREAMS; EROSION; SEDIMENT; WOODY DEBRIS; CHANNEL DEGRADATION; HABITAT RESTORATION; FISH; DIVERSITY INDEXES ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; RIVER; ASSEMBLAGE; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; PREDATION; TENNESSEE; PATTERNS; GRADIENT; RECOVERY AB Channel incision is a widespread phenomenon that results in stream and riparian habitat degradation. Fishes and physical habitat variables were sampled at base flow from three incised stream channels and one reference stream in northwest Mississippi, USA, to quantify incision effects on fish habitat and provide a basis for habitat rehabilitation planning and design. Incised channels were sampled in spring and autumn; the reference channel was sampled only in the autumn. Incised channel habitat quality was inferior to the reference channel despite the presence of structures designed to restore channel stability. Incised channels had physical habitat diversity levels similar to a nonincised reference channel, but contained fewer types of habitat. At base flow, incised channels were dominated by shallow, sandy habitats, moderate to high mean local Froude numbers, and had relatively little organic debris in their beds. In contrast, the reference stream had greater mean water depth, contained more woody debris, and provided more deep pool habitat. Fish assemblages in incised channels were composed of smaller fishes representing fewer species relative to the reference site. Fish species richness was directly proportional to the mean local Froude number, an indicator of the availability of pool habitat. RP SHIELDS, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 54 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 18 IS 1 BP 43 EP 57 DI 10.1007/BF02393749 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MJ109 UT WOS:A1994MJ10900005 ER PT J AU SCHROEDER, HW ORLAND, B AF SCHROEDER, HW ORLAND, B TI VIEWER PREFERENCE FOR SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT OF PARK TREES - AN APPLICATION OF VIDEO-IMAGING TECHNOLOGY SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE TREES; SPACING; PARKS; VIDEO-IMAGING; LANDSCAPE ID ADVANTAGE AB Research on perception of parks and recreation settings has examined several important tree attributes that influence people's visual preferences. This research, however, has usually not considered the spatial arrangement of the trees, partly because of the lack of adequate methods for representing tree arrangements with systematically manipulated geometries. In the study reported here, computer video-imaging techniques were used to construct simulated landscape scenes that varied on specific dimensions of the spatial configuration of trees. The simulations were rated for visual preference by three respondent groups: a university class, a bicycle club, and a women's civic group. Preference ratings were significantly influenced by the number of trees in the scene, by the number of clumps into which trees were grouped, and by the diameter of the clumps. The video-imaging technology implemented in this study offers important methodological advantages for the design of carefully controlled experiments to study human response to variation in landscape treatments. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,URBANA,IL 61801. RP SCHROEDER, HW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,5801 N PULASKI RD,BLDG C,CHICAGO,IL 60646, USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 18 IS 1 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1007/BF02393754 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MJ109 UT WOS:A1994MJ10900010 ER PT J AU ROGERS, HH AF ROGERS, HH TI UNTITLED SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Letter RP ROGERS, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1994 VL 85 IS 3 BP 241 EP 241 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(94)90044-2 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NN659 UT WOS:A1994NN65900001 ER PT J AU LANE, LJ NICHOLS, MH OSBORN, HB AF LANE, LJ NICHOLS, MH OSBORN, HB TI TIME-SERIES ANALYSES OF GLOBAL CHANGE DATA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE TIME SERIES ANALYSIS; GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE; TEMPERATURE; WOLF SUNSPOT INDEX; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION ID TEMPERATURE; OSCILLATIONS AB The hypothesis that statistical analyses of historical time series data can be used to separate the influences of natural variations from anthropogenic sources on global climate change is tested. Point, regional, national, and global temperature data are analyzed. Trend analyses for the period 1901-1987 suggest mean annual temperatures increased (in degrees-C per century) globally at the rate of about 0.5, in the USA at about 0.3, in the south-western USA desert region at about 1.2, and at the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in south-eastern Arizona at about 0.8. However, the rates of temperature change are not constant but vary within the 87-year period Serial correlation and spectral density analysis of the temperature time series showed weak periodicities at various frequencies. The only common periodicity among the temperature series is an apparent cycle of about 43 years. The temperature time series were correlated with the Wolf sunspot index, atmospheric CO2 concentrations interpolated from the Siple ice core data, and atmospheric CO2 concentration data from Mauna Loa measurements. Correlation analysis of temperature data with concurrent data on atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the Wolf sunspot index support previously reported significant correlation over the 1901-1987 period. Correlation analysis between temperature, atmospheric CO2 concentration, and the Wolf sunspot index for the shorter period, 1958-1987, when continuous Mauna Loa CO2 data are available, suggest significant correlation between global warming and atmospheric CO2 concentrations but no significant correlation between global warming and the Wolf sunspot index. This may be because the Wolf sunspot index apparently increased from 1901 until about 1960 and then decreased thereafter, while global warming apparently continued to increase through 1987. Correlation of sunspot activity with global warming may be spurious but additional analyses are required to test this hypothesis. Given the inconclusive correlation between temperature and solar activity, the significant intercorrelation between time, temperature, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and the suggestion of weak periodicity in the temperature data, additional research is needed to separate the anthropogenic component from the natural variability in temperature when assessing local, regional, and global warming trends. RP LANE, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1994 VL 83 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(94)90023-X PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ML496 UT WOS:A1994ML49600007 PM 15091751 ER PT J AU ROGERS, HH RUNION, GB KRUPA, SV AF ROGERS, HH RUNION, GB KRUPA, SV TI PLANT-RESPONSES TO ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT WITH EMPHASIS ON ROOTS AND THE RHIZOSPHERE SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE GLOBAL CHANGE; CARBON DIOXIDE; PLANTS; ROOTS; RHIZOSPHERE ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; PINUS-TAEDA SEEDLINGS; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; KUDZU PUERARIA-LOBATA; FIELD-GROWN SOYBEANS; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; SOUR ORANGE TREES; OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; ELEVATED CO2 AB Empirical records provide incontestable evidence of global changes; foremost among these changes is the rising concentration of CO2 in the earth's atmosphere. Plant growth is nearly always stimulated by elevation of CO2. Photosynthesis increases, more plant biomass accumulates per unit of water consumed, and economic yield is enhanced The profitable use of supplemental CO2 over years of greenhouse practice points to the value of CO2 for plant production. Plant responses to CO2 are known to interact with other environmental factors, e.g. light, temperature, soil water, and humidity. Important stresses including drought, temperature, salinity, and air pollution have been shown to be ameliorated when CO2 levels are elevated In the agricultural context, the growing season has been shortened for some crops with the application of more CO2; less water use has generally, but not always, been observed and is under further study; experimental studies have shown that economic yield for most crops increases by about 33% for a doubling of ambient CO2 concentration. However, there are some reports of negligible or negative effects. Plant species respond differently to CO2 enrichment, therefore, clearly competitive shifts within natural communities could occur. Though of less importance in managed agro-ecosystems, competition between crops and weeds could also be altered. Tissue composition can vary as CO2 increases (e.g. higher C:N ratios) leading to changes in herbivory, but tests of crop products (consumed by man) from elevated CO2 experiments have generally not revealed significant differences in their quality. However, any CO2-induced change in plant chemical or structural make-up could lead to alterations in the plant's interaction with any number of environmental factors-physicochemical or biological. Host-pathogen relationships, defense against physical stressors, and the capacity to overcome resource shortages could be impacted by rises in CO2. Root biomass is known to increase but, with few exceptions, detailed studies of root growth and function are lacking. Potential enhancement of root growth could translate into greater rhizodeposition, which, in turn, could lead to shifts in the rhizosphere itself. Some of the direct effects of CO2 on vegetation have been reasonably well-studied, but for others work has been inadequate. Among these neglected areas are plant roots and the rhizosphere. Therefore, experiments on root and rhizosphere response in plants grown in CO2-enriched atmospheres will be reviewed and, where possible, collectively integrated To this will be added data which have recently been collected by us. Having looked at the available data base, we will offer a series of hypotheses which we consider as priority targets for future research. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA. RP ROGERS, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB, POB 3439, AUBURN, AL 36831 USA. NR 345 TC 482 Z9 556 U1 16 U2 138 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1994 VL 83 IS 1-2 BP 155 EP 189 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(94)90034-5 PG 35 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ML496 UT WOS:A1994ML49600018 PM 15091762 ER PT J AU BAKER, JT ALLEN, LH AF BAKER, JT ALLEN, LH TI ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF RISING CARBON-DIOXIDE AND OTHER POTENTIAL CLIMATE CHANGES ON VEGETATION SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE CARBON DIOXIDE; TEMPERATURE; ULTRA VIOLET-B RADIATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; DIFFERENT CO2 ENVIRONMENTS; SOYBEAN CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION; HIGH ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PHOTON FLUX-DENSITY; MILD WATER-STRESS; PLANT-GROWTH; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FIELD CONDITIONS AB The projected doubling of current levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) during the next century along with increases in other radiatively active gases have led to predictions of increases in global air temperature and shifts in precipitation patterns. Additionally, stratospheric ozone depletion may result in increased ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation incident at the Earth's surface in some areas. Since these changes in the Earth's atmosphere may have profound effects on vegetation, the objectives of this paper are to summarize some of the recent research on plant responses to [CO2], temperature and UV-B radiation. Elevated [CO2] increases photosynthesis and usually results in increased biomass, and seed yield. The magnitude of these increases and the specific photosynthetic response depends on the plant species, and are strongly influenced by other environmental factors including temperature, light level, and the availability of water and nutrients. While elevated [CO2] reduces transpiration and increases photosynthetic water-use efficiency, increasing air temperature can result in greater water use, accelerated plant developmental rate, and shortened growth duration. Experiments on UV-B radiation exposure have demonstrated a wide range of photobiological responses among plants with decreases in photosynthesis and plant growth among more sensitive species. Although a few studies have addressed the interactive effects of [CO2] and temperature on plants, information on the effects of UV-B radiation at elevated [CO2] is scarce. Since [CO2], temperature and UV-B radiation may increase concurrently, more research is needed to determine plant responses to the interactive effects of these environmental variables. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP BAKER, JT (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 139 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1994 VL 83 IS 1-2 BP 223 EP 235 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(94)90037-X PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ML496 UT WOS:A1994ML49600021 PM 15091765 ER PT J AU NIKOLOV, NT FOX, DG AF NIKOLOV, NT FOX, DG TI A COUPLED CARBON-WATER-ENERGY-VEGETATION MODEL TO ASSESS RESPONSES OF TEMPERATE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS TO CHANGES IN CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC CO2 .1. MODEL CONCEPT SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECT; PREDICTION; TREE PHYSIOLOGY; PROCESS SCALING; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; GAP MODEL ID BARE-SOIL SURFACES; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; REGIONAL APPLICATIONS; NORTHERN FORESTS; AIR-TEMPERATURE; SOLAR-RADIATION; BOREAL FORESTS; PLANT CANOPIES; GENERAL-MODEL AB Predictions of forest ecosystem response to changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 concentration require hierarchically structured process models. Present forest simulation models have conceptual limitations that restrict their application to climate-change studies. A major drawback of forest succession models is that they often lack physiological details in the simulation of annual tree growth. On the other hand, aggregated ecosystem models assume spatially homogeneous forests, and do not account for successional changes in forest composition and canopy structure. The concept of a new coupled carbon-water-energy-forest vegetation model is presented which attempts to overcome the main limitations of existing models by implementing a modern view of ecological hierarchy, and a robust approach for scaling ecological processes in space and time. RP NIKOLOV, NT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 123 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1994 VL 83 IS 1-2 BP 251 EP 262 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(94)90040-X PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ML496 UT WOS:A1994ML49600024 PM 15091768 ER PT B AU SPEIDEL, DR NELSON, RE AF SPEIDEL, DR NELSON, RE BE Campbell, KL Graham, WD DelBottcher, AB TI ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF VARIABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT BASED ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY VARIABILITY OF SELECTED LAND AREAS, SIOUX-COUNTY, IOWA SO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AGRICULTURE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Environmentally Sound Agriculture CY APR 20-22, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, SOIL & WATER DIV, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, FLORIDA SECT DE DIFFERENTIAL SOIL MANAGEMENT; DIGITIZED SOIL MAPS; COMPUTER-REGULATED CROP INPUTS; SOIL PRODUCTIVITY; VARIABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; INCOME IMPROVEMENT C1 USDA SCS,STANTON,NE 68779. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-47-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 4 BP 45 EP 52 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC57S UT WOS:A1994BC57S00007 ER PT B AU FOUSS, JL WILLIS, GH AF FOUSS, JL WILLIS, GH BE Campbell, KL Graham, WD DelBottcher, AB TI INTEGRATED WATER-FERTILIZER-PEST MANAGEMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND CROP PRODUCTION SO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AGRICULTURE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Environmentally Sound Agriculture CY APR 20-22, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, SOIL & WATER DIV, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, FLORIDA SECT C1 USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER RES UNIT,BATON ROUGE,LA 70894. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-47-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 4 BP 53 EP 61 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC57S UT WOS:A1994BC57S00008 ER PT B AU SWADER, FN ADAMS, LD MEEK, JW AF SWADER, FN ADAMS, LD MEEK, JW BE Campbell, KL Graham, WD DelBottcher, AB TI USDAS WATER QUALITY PROGRAM - ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AGRICULTURE SO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AGRICULTURE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Environmentally Sound Agriculture CY APR 20-22, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, SOIL & WATER DIV, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, FLORIDA SECT DE RUNOFF; IMPAIRMENT; FARMING; NITRATES; SEDIMENT C1 USDA,WORKING GRP WATER QUAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-47-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 4 BP 86 EP 92 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC57S UT WOS:A1994BC57S00013 ER PT B AU KOTTWITZ, ER GILLEY, JE AF KOTTWITZ, ER GILLEY, JE BE Campbell, KL Graham, WD DelBottcher, AB TI MODELING EROSION FROM FURROW IRRIGATION IN THE WEPP MODEL SO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AGRICULTURE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Environmentally Sound Agriculture CY APR 20-22, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, SOIL & WATER DIV, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, FLORIDA SECT DE EROSION MODELS; EROSION CONTROL; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SEDIMENT DISCHARGE; FURROWS; IRRIGATION; IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT BIOL SYST ENGN,LINCOLN,NE 68588. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-47-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 4 BP 131 EP 138 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC57S UT WOS:A1994BC57S00019 ER PT B AU SPEIDEL, DR AF SPEIDEL, DR BE Campbell, KL Graham, WD DelBottcher, AB TI TERRACES TECHNOLOGICALLY OBSOLETE OR WILL TERRACES STILL HAVE A FUTURE SO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AGRICULTURE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Environmentally Sound Agriculture CY APR 20-22, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, SOIL & WATER DIV, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, FLORIDA SECT DE TERRACES C1 USDA SCS,STANTON,NE 68779. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-47-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 4 BP 155 EP 159 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC57S UT WOS:A1994BC57S00022 ER PT B AU RECK, WR AF RECK, WR BE Campbell, KL Graham, WD DelBottcher, AB TI IRRIGATION STORAGE RESERVOIRS AS A WATER SUPPLY SOLUTION FOR UPPER-TELOGIA CREEK SO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AGRICULTURE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Environmentally Sound Agriculture CY APR 20-22, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, SOIL & WATER DIV, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, FLORIDA SECT C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-47-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 4 BP 176 EP 183 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC57S UT WOS:A1994BC57S00025 ER PT B AU WILSON, JT AF WILSON, JT BE Campbell, KL Graham, WD DelBottcher, AB TI CHEMICAL MIXING CENTERS FOR LOADING AND MIXING OF CHEMICALS SO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AGRICULTURE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Environmentally Sound Agriculture CY APR 20-22, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, SOIL & WATER DIV, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, FLORIDA SECT C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-47-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 4 BP 184 EP 190 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC57S UT WOS:A1994BC57S00026 ER PT B AU WARFIELD, JG GROSS, CM DAVENPORT, TN AF WARFIELD, JG GROSS, CM DAVENPORT, TN BE Campbell, KL Graham, WD DelBottcher, AB TI STATE OF THE ART AGRICHEMICAL HANDLING FACILITY - BUTLER ORCHARD SO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AGRICULTURE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Environmentally Sound Agriculture CY APR 20-22, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, SOIL & WATER DIV, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, FLORIDA SECT DE AGRICHEMICAL HANDLING FACILITY; AGRICHEMICALS; PESTICIDES; PESTICIDE CONTAINMENT; ENVIRONMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN SAFETY C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,DERWOOD,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-47-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 4 BP 191 EP 198 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC57S UT WOS:A1994BC57S00027 ER PT B AU CARTER, RV AF CARTER, RV BE Campbell, KL Graham, WD DelBottcher, AB TI PESTICIDE CONTAINMENT - AN ON-FARM SYSTEM SO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AGRICULTURE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Environmentally Sound Agriculture CY APR 20-22, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, SOIL & WATER DIV, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, FLORIDA SECT C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,HENDERSONVILLE,NC 28792. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-47-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 4 BP 199 EP 202 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC57S UT WOS:A1994BC57S00028 ER PT B AU MEANS, SL MUSTION, JT AF MEANS, SL MUSTION, JT BE Campbell, KL Graham, WD DelBottcher, AB TI AGRICULTURAL SURFACE WATER MANAGEMENT (ASWM) IN SOUTHWEST FLORIDA SO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AGRICULTURE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Environmentally Sound Agriculture CY APR 20-22, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, SOIL & WATER DIV, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, FLORIDA SECT DE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE; ECOSYSTEM PLANNING C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,PALMETTO,FL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-47-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 4 BP 254 EP 259 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC57S UT WOS:A1994BC57S00036 ER PT B AU KUENSTLER, WF ERNSTROM, D SEELY, E AF KUENSTLER, WF ERNSTROM, D SEELY, E BE Campbell, KL Graham, WD DelBottcher, AB TI SCREENING TOOL TO PREDICT THE POTENTIAL FOR GROUND WATER OR SURFACE WATER CONTAMINATION FROM AGRICULTURAL NUTRIENTS SO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AGRICULTURE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Environmentally Sound Agriculture CY APR 20-22, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, SOIL & WATER DIV, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, FLORIDA SECT DE NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN LOSSES; PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT C1 USDA SCS,DIV TECHNOL INFORMAT SYST,TECH SUPPORT TEAM,FT COLLINS,CO. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-47-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 4 BP 260 EP 267 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC57S UT WOS:A1994BC57S00037 ER PT B AU HUNT, PG HUMENIK, FJ SZOGI, AA RICE, JM STONE, KC SADLER, EJ AF HUNT, PG HUMENIK, FJ SZOGI, AA RICE, JM STONE, KC SADLER, EJ BE Campbell, KL Graham, WD DelBottcher, AB TI SWINE WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS SO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AGRICULTURE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Environmentally Sound Agriculture CY APR 20-22, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, SOIL & WATER DIV, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, FLORIDA SECT DE NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; REDOX POTENTIAL; RICE; SATURATED CULTURE SOYBEAN C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL WATER & PLANT RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-47-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 4 BP 268 EP 275 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC57S UT WOS:A1994BC57S00038 ER PT B AU STONE, KC HUNT, PG NOVAK, JM MATHENY, TA AF STONE, KC HUNT, PG NOVAK, JM MATHENY, TA BE Campbell, KL Graham, WD DelBottcher, AB TI IMPACT OF BMPS ON STREAM AND GROUND WATER QUALITY IN A USDA DEMONSTRATION WATERSHED IN THE EASTERN COASTAL PLAIN SO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AGRICULTURE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Environmentally Sound Agriculture CY APR 20-22, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, SOIL & WATER DIV, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, FLORIDA SECT C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN SOIL WATER & PLANT RES CTR,FLORENCE,SC. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-47-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 4 BP 280 EP 286 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC57S UT WOS:A1994BC57S00040 ER PT B AU COOPER, EO AF COOPER, EO BE Campbell, KL Graham, WD DelBottcher, AB TI DAIRY PROTECTS ENVIRONMENT THROUGH IMPLEMENTATION OF BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES SO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AGRICULTURE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Environmentally Sound Agriculture CY APR 20-22, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, SOIL & WATER DIV, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, FLORIDA SECT C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-47-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 4 BP 295 EP 299 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC57S UT WOS:A1994BC57S00042 ER PT B AU RECK, WR AF RECK, WR BE Campbell, KL Graham, WD DelBottcher, AB TI GLEAMS MODELING OF BMPS TO REDUCE NITRATE LEACHING IN MIDDLE SUWANNEE RIVER AREA SO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AGRICULTURE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Environmentally Sound Agriculture CY APR 20-22, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, SOIL & WATER DIV, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, FLORIDA SECT C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-47-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 4 BP 361 EP 367 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC57S UT WOS:A1994BC57S00050 ER PT B AU WATTS, NN AF WATTS, NN BE Campbell, KL Graham, WD DelBottcher, AB TI DEAD BIRD COMPOSTING SO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AGRICULTURE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Environmentally Sound Agriculture CY APR 20-22, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, SOIL & WATER DIV, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, FLORIDA SECT C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-47-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 4 BP 379 EP 382 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC57S UT WOS:A1994BC57S00053 ER PT B AU DOUGHERTY, G AF DOUGHERTY, G BE Campbell, KL Graham, WD DelBottcher, AB TI PRELIMINARY WATER QUALITY RESULTS FOR A ROCK REED FILTER HOME TREATMENT SYSTEM SO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AGRICULTURE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Environmentally Sound Agriculture CY APR 20-22, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, SOIL & WATER DIV, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, FLORIDA SECT C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-47-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 4 BP 383 EP 386 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC57S UT WOS:A1994BC57S00054 ER PT B AU COOPER, CM TESTA, S KNIGHT, SS AF COOPER, CM TESTA, S KNIGHT, SS BE Campbell, KL Graham, WD DelBottcher, AB TI PRELIMINARY EFFECTIVENESS OF CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR DAIRY WASTE TREATMENT SO ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AGRICULTURE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Environmentally Sound Agriculture CY APR 20-22, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, SOIL & WATER DIV, AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, FLORIDA SECT DE WATER QUALITY; NUTRIENTS; COLIFORMS; BULRUSHES C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,WATER QUAL & ECOL PROC RES UNIT,OXFORD,MS 38655. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-47-4 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 4 BP 439 EP 446 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC57S UT WOS:A1994BC57S00062 ER PT S AU GROHMANN, K BOTHAST, RJ AF GROHMANN, K BOTHAST, RJ BE Himmel, ME Baker, JO Overend, RP TI PECTIN-RICH RESIDUES GENERATED BY PROCESSING OF CITRUS-FRUITS, APPLES, AND SUGAR-BEETS - ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS AND BIOLOGICAL CONVERSION TO VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS SO ENZYMATIC CONVERSION OF BIOMASS FOR FUELS PRODUCTION SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Enzymatic Conversion of Biomass for Fuels Production, at the 205th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 28-APR 02, 1993 CL DENVER, CO SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV CELLULOSE PAPER & TEXTILE ID SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION; SINGLE-CELL PROTEIN; ORANGE PEEL; ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; DIETARY FIBER; GRAPE STALKS; ENZYMES; PULP; CELLULOSE AB Processing of citrus, apple and beet crops to juice and crystalline sugar annually generates several million tons of residues which are sold as a cattle feed or cause disposal problems. These residues are very rich in carbohydrates and are attractive potential feedstock for microbial conversions to value added liquid fuels and other products. The residues are rich in pectin and in the case of apple pomace and citrus processing residues they also contain large amounts of soluble sugars. All polysaccharides in these residues are easily hydrolysed to monomeric sugars by mixtures of cellulolytic and pectinolytic enzymes. Microbial conversions of sugar rich hydrolysates from these residues will require identification and development of microorganisms that can utilize galacturonic acid and five carbon sugars. C1 USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. RP US CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB, 600 AVE S NW, POB 1909, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33833 USA. NR 163 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2956-2 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1994 VL 566 BP 372 EP 390 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BB85E UT WOS:A1994BB85E00019 ER PT J AU JACQUES, PF SULSKY, SI PERRONE, GA SCHAEFER, EJ AF JACQUES, PF SULSKY, SI PERRONE, GA SCHAEFER, EJ TI ASCORBIC-ACID AND PLASMA-LIPIDS SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ASCORBIC ACID; CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; LIPOPROTEINS; HDL CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL; TRIGLYCERIDES; GENDER; ALCOHOL DRINKING AB We examined the association between plasma lipids and total ascorbic acid in 256 men and 221 women age 20-65 years. Among men, we observed that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was 2.1 mg per dl higher, total:HDL. cholesterol was 5.4% lower, total cholesterol was 4.8 mg per dl lower, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was 5.6 mg per dl lower, and triglyceride was 5.2% lower for each 0.5 mg per dl increment in ascorbic acid. The association between ascorbic acid and total:HDL cholesterol ratio in men was modified by glucose concentration. Among women, we observed that HDL cholesterol was 14.9 mg per dl higher for women with ascorbic acid levels less than or equal to 1.05 mg per dl and 0.9 mg per dl lower for women with ascorbic acid levels >1.05 mg per dl for each 0.5 mg per dl increment in ascorbic acid. Total:HDL cholesterol ratio was 10.9% lower for women with ascorbic acid concentrations less than or equal to 1.45 mg per dl. and 0.6% higher for women with ascorbic acid concentrations >1.45 mg per dl for each 0.5 mg per dl increment. The associations among ascorbic acid concentration, total and LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were weak or absent among women. These results are consistent with earlier observations relating ascorbic acid and HDL cholesterol and indicate that ascorbic acid might: also be related to total and LDL cholesterol concentrations in men. RP JACQUES, PF (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 0 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 1994 VL 5 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1097/00001648-199401000-00005 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MQ008 UT WOS:A1994MQ00800005 PM 8117777 ER PT J AU BHAT, KV JARRET, RL LIU, ZW AF BHAT, KV JARRET, RL LIU, ZW TI RFLP CHARACTERIZATION OF INDIAN MUSA GERMPLASM FOR CLONAL IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE RFLP; CPDNA; CLONAL IDENTIFICATION; GERMPLASM CLASSIFICATION; BANANA; PLANTAIN; MUSA SPECIES ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; ISOZYME POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CULTIVATED BANANA; SPACER-LENGTH; WILD; VARIABILITY; PLANTAINS AB Nineteen single-copy clones isolated from a PstI genomic library (cv. Maiden Plantain), and eight Vigna chloroplast DNA clones were used to probe total genomic DNA digests of 57 genotypes of Musa from India. The 19 genomic clones detected a total of 107 polymorphisms among the 57 genotypes. Principal coordinates and phenetic analyses of these data placed cultivars and species into distinct groups that were in general agreement with a previously published RAPD-based classification of these same plant materials. The 107 polymorphisms were sufficient to differentiate each clone from every other clone. Heterologous Vigna chloroplast DNA probes were used to characterize the cytoplasm of Musa cultivars and species. PCO analysis of these RFLPs were detected both within and between the generally recognized genome groups, indicating multiple hybridization pathways in the origin of hybrid clones. Data presented demonstrate that RFLPs are sufficiently abundant to classify Musa germplasm and that genetic relationships among Musa cultivars, based upon RFLP data, are in general agreement with relationships determined by analysis of morphology and RAPDs. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RESOURCES UNIT,GEORGIA EXPT STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. NATL BUR PLANT GENET RESOURCES,PLANT TISSUE CULTURE LAB,NEW DELHI,INDIA. UNIV GEORGIA,PLANT GENET RESOURCES UNIT,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1994 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.1007/BF00039303 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA QG519 UT WOS:A1994QG51900013 ER PT J AU KOBAYASHI, RS BOUWKAMP, JC SINDEN, SL AF KOBAYASHI, RS BOUWKAMP, JC SINDEN, SL TI INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS FROM CROSS INCOMPATIBLE RELATIVES OF SWEET-POTATO SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE IPOMOEA SP; IPOMOEA TRILOBA; IPOMOEA TRIFIDA; SWEET-POTATO; INTERSPECIFIC CROSS ID POTATO IPOMOEA-BATATAS; SWEET-POTATO AB Hybrids were obtained from Ipomoea interspecific crosses through ovule culture. The hybridity of the progeny obtained from I. triloba x I. trifida and (I. triloba x I. lacunosa) x I. batatas (4x) crosses was established by comparisons of floral morphology and analyses of peroxidase and esterase isozymes. The hybrids displayed the inflorescence type and sepal shape and texture of their male parents, while corolla size and anther and nectary color tended to be intermediate to their parents. The isozyme banding patterns of the hybrids contained bands present in the patterns of each of their parents. Pollen grain viability, measured by aceto-carmine stainability, was 44.1%, 92.3% and 82.4%, respectively, for the I. triloba x I. trifida hybrid and the (I. triloba x I. lacunosa) x I. batatas (4x) hybrids, H-1 and H-2. A controlled pollination study revealed that the I. triloba x I. trifida, and the (I. triloba x I. lacunosa) x I. batatas (4x) hybrids, H-1 and H-2 were partially self fertile with 6%, 70% and 13%, respectively, of the pollinated flowers producing viable seed. Success in backcrossing and sib-mating varied with the cross combination. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP KOBAYASHI, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1994 VL 80 IS 3 BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.1007/BF00039646 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA QG520 UT WOS:A1994QG52000001 ER PT J AU LAVI, U AKKAYA, M BHAGWAT, A LAHAV, E CREGAN, PB AF LAVI, U AKKAYA, M BHAGWAT, A LAHAV, E CREGAN, PB TI METHODOLOGY OF GENERATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT DNA MARKERS IN AVOCADO (PERSEA-AMERICANA M) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE BREEDING; GENETICS; MICROSATELLITES; PCR; SSR; AVOCADO; PERSEA AMERICANA ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; OUTCROSSING RATE; LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; FUERTE AVOCADO; LINKAGE MAP; MICROSATELLITES; FINGERPRINTS; ABUNDANCE; REGIONS; GENOMES AB Generation of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) DNA markers was based on the construction of genomic DNA library of avocado (Persea americana M.). The library was screened with the four dinucleotide probes (AG), (AT), (GC) and (CA). Positive clones were sequenced to validate the presence of simple sequence repeats (SSR) and to generate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers based on the sequences flanking the simple sequence repeat. Twenty six different pairs of primers which yield a PCR product in the initial screening were synthesized. The SSR A1E11 was found to have eleven alleles while A3F8 has eight alleles. The SSRs in avocado were found to be inherited in a Mendelian fashion. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LAVI, U (reprint author), AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,INST HORT,POB 6,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 32 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1994 VL 80 IS 3 BP 171 EP 177 DI 10.1007/BF00039648 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA QG520 UT WOS:A1994QG52000003 ER PT J AU ARADHYA, MK ZEE, F MANSHARDT, RM AF ARADHYA, MK ZEE, F MANSHARDT, RM TI ISOZYME VARIATION IN CULTIVATED AND WILD PINEAPPLE SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE ELECTROPHORESIS; EVOLUTION; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; GENETIC VARIATION; PINEAPPLE; ANANAS COMOSUS ID STARCH-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; COMPILATION; MARKERS AB Isozyme variation was studied in 161 accessions of pineapple including four species of Ananas and one of Pseudananas. Six enzyme systems (ADH, GPI, PGM, SKDH, TPI, UGPP) involving seven putative loci revealed 35 electromorphs. Considerable variation exists within and between species of Ananas. Sixty-six distinct zymotypes were identified. Multivariate analyses of isozyme variation indicated that A. comosus contains five genetically diverse groups that do not match perfectly with the traditional varietal groups. Isozyme evidence also suggests that A. erectifolius is a conspecific variant of A. comosus, and that among other wild species, A. ananassoides is more closely related to A. comosus than A. bracteatus. Pseudananas is genetically distinct from all species of Ananas. It is evident from our study that differentiation among the species of Ananas may be due to ecological isolation rather than genetic divergence with breeding barriers and therefore may represent a species complex. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,HILO,HI 96720. RP ARADHYA, MK (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,DEPT HORT,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 28 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1994 VL 79 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 99 DI 10.1007/BF00023580 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA PZ625 UT WOS:A1994PZ62500012 ER PT J AU SPOONER, DM VANDENBERG, RG GARCIA, W UGARTE, ML AF SPOONER, DM VANDENBERG, RG GARCIA, W UGARTE, ML TI BOLIVIA POTATO GERMPLASM COLLECTING EXPEDITIONS 1993, 1994 - TAXONOMY AND NEW GERMPLASM RESOURCES SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE BOLIVIA; CHROMOSOME NUMBERS; GENEBANK; GERMPLASM; SOLANUM SECT PETOTA; TAXONOMY ID SOLANUM SECT PETOTA; SOLANACEAE; HAWKES AB We conducted joint Bolivia/The Netherlands/United States wild potato (Solanum sect. Petota Dumort.) germplasm collecting expeditions in Bolivia from February 1-April 15, 1993, and January 1-February 26, 1994. The goals of the expeditions were to collect germplasm and gather data for continuing taxonomic studies of the approximately 43 taxa of Bolivian wild potatoes accepted by current taxonomists. We made 223 collections, 135 as true seed collections, 54 as tubers, 19 only as herbarium collections. Two recent taxonomic treatments of Bolivian wild and cultivated potatoes have clarified the taxonomy and distribution of these plants, but there are continuing disagreements between treatments regarding species boundaries and interrelationships. These disagreements, and the variability we observed in natural populations, present problems for identifications. We summarize the state of germplasm collections for Bolivia, provide our field data regarding the taxonomy of Bolivian wild potatoes, provide recommendations for future collecting, and provide new chromosome counts for S. hoopesii, S. ugentii, and S. yungasense. C1 AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,DEPT PLANT TAXON,6700 ED WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. PROINPA,INST BOLIVIANO TECNOL AGROPECUARIA,COCHABAMBA,BOLIVIA. RP SPOONER, DM (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,1575 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1994 VL 79 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 148 DI 10.1007/BF00023585 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA PZ625 UT WOS:A1994PZ62500017 ER PT J AU MCCORMICK, S CURIE, C EYAL, Y MUSCHIETTI, J DIRCKS, L KULIKAUSKAS, R AF MCCORMICK, S CURIE, C EYAL, Y MUSCHIETTI, J DIRCKS, L KULIKAUSKAS, R TI MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY OF MALE GAMETOGENESIS SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Tomato Molecular Biology Symposium CY JUN 16-18, 1994 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP BRUINSMA SEEDS BV, NAALDWIJK, DE RUITER ZONEN BV, BLEISWIJK, ENZA ZADEN BV, ENKHUIZEN, LEEN DE MOS GROENTEZADEN BV, SGRAVEZANDE, NUNHEMS ZADEN BV, HAELEN, RUJK ZWAAN BV, DE LIER, ROYAL SLUIS BV, ENKHUIZEN, S&G SEEDS BV, ENKHUIZEN, WAGENINGEN AGR UNIV, DLO NL, AGR RES DEPT NETHERLANDS, BEUN DE RONDE BVQQBIOZYM BV, ABCOUDE, BIOZYM BV, LANDGRAAF, KEYGENE NV, WAGENINGEN, PERKIN ELMER BV, GOUDA, PHARMACIA BIOTECH BENELUX, ROOSENDAAL DE ANTISENSE; EVOLUTIONARY COMPARISONS; PROMOTER DELETIONS; TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL ID POLLEN DEVELOPMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; CDNA CLONE; TOMATO; TOBACCO; PLANTS; MICROSPOROGENESIS; FAMILY AB Pollen development has been studied at a molecular level in several systems that are amenable to genetic or transgenic analysis. We have characterized several tomato genes that are expressed late in pollen development. Our goals in this research were 1) to determine the cis- and trans-acting factors that mediate pollen expression, and 2) to determine the functions of the proteins encoded by these genes. We currently favor the hypothesis that pollen-specific gene expression is mediated in a combinatorial manner. Antisense experiments have indicated an important role for the LAT52 protein during pollen hydration. RP MCCORMICK, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,ARS,CTR PLANT GEN EXPRESS,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. OI Muschietti, Jorge/0000-0002-5719-4833; McCormick, Sheila/0000-0001-9106-9385 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1994 VL 79 IS 3 BP 245 EP 250 DI 10.1007/BF00022525 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA QC564 UT WOS:A1994QC56400013 ER PT J AU WEEDEN, NF HEMMAT, M LAWSON, DM LODHI, M BELL, RL MANGANARIS, AG REISCH, BI BROWN, SK YE, GN AF WEEDEN, NF HEMMAT, M LAWSON, DM LODHI, M BELL, RL MANGANARIS, AG REISCH, BI BROWN, SK YE, GN TI DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR MARKER LINKAGE MAPS IN WOODY FRUIT CROPS SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE APPLE; GRAPE; MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION; PEAR; RAPDS; PYRUS COMMUNIS ID APPLE; INHERITANCE AB Extensive linkage maps, consisting primarily of molecular markers, are being developed for apple, pear, and grape varieties. The intrinsically high heterozygosity of outcrossing perennial species is utilized to produce segregating populations directly from a cross between varieties. Nearly complete linkage maps have been generated for the apple varieties 'Rome Beauty' and 'White Angel'. The map for 'Rome Beauty' contains 161 molecular markers, while that for 'White Angel' has 251 markers. Maps for the pear varieties, 'Bartlett' and NY10353, also are being developed. Linkages conserved between the pear and apple genomes have been identified. In grapes, maps for four varieties are available, the most extensive being those for 'Cayuga White' and 'Aurore'. The apple maps have been used to investigate the genetic basis of morphological and physiological characters. A gene controlling the presence of anthocyanins in the skin of the fruit is located on linkage group 3. Genes controlling early bud break, branching habit, and production of root suckers have also been identified and mapped. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. NATL AGR RES FDN,INST POMOL,GR-59200 NAOUSA,GREECE. RP WEEDEN, NF (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT HORT SCI,GENEVA,NY 14456, USA. OI Manganaris, Athanasios/0000-0001-9472-4656 NR 13 TC 46 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1994 VL 77 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 75 DI 10.1007/BF02551464 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA PU694 UT WOS:A1994PU69400014 ER PT J AU MARUM, P SMITH, RR GRAU, CR AF MARUM, P SMITH, RR GRAU, CR TI DEVELOPMENT OF PROCEDURES TO IDENTIFY RED-CLOVER RESISTANT TO SCLEROTINIA-TRIFOLIORUM SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Eucarpia Fodder Crops Section Meeting CY AUG 25-28, 1993 CL LOEN, NORWAY DE RED CLOVER; TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE; SCLEROTINIA TRIFOLIORUM; SELECTION; CROWN AND STEM ROT AB Sclerotinia crown and stun rot is a destructive disease on red clover. In this study we investigated appropriate procedures for producing and storing ascospores in the laboratory and compared the reaction of selected red clover germplasm, when inoculated with either ascospores or mycelium. The two methods produced fairly similar results, although there were exceptions. The procedures described to produce, store and inoculate with ascospores, will provide an opportunity to select germplasm resistant to Sclerolinia trifaliorum ascospores as inoculum. C1 USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1994 VL 77 IS 3 BP 257 EP 261 DI 10.1007/BF02262639 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA PU695 UT WOS:A1994PU69500012 ER PT J AU HAMMERSCHLAG, FA WERNER, DJ RITCHIE, DF AF HAMMERSCHLAG, FA WERNER, DJ RITCHIE, DF TI STABILITY OF BACTERIAL LEAF-SPOT RESISTANCE IN PEACH REGENERANTS UNDER IN-VITRO, GREENHOUSE AND FIELD CONDITIONS SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE IN VITRO SELECTION; PRUNUS PERSICA; SOMACLONAL VARIATION; XANTHOMONAS CAMPESTRIS PV-PRUNI; BACTERIAL LEAF SPOT OF PEACH ID CAMPESTRIS PV PRUNI; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; SOMACLONAL VARIATION; PLANTS; CALLUS; SELECTION; CULTURES; CELL; RESPONSES AB Phenotypic stability of bacterial leaf spot resistance in peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) regenerants, either selected at the cellular level for insensitivity to a toxic culture filtrate of Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni or screened at the whole plant level for resistance to X. campestris pv. pruni, was investigated. A detached-leaf bioassay was used to evaluate the original regenerants again after three years in the greenhouse and also after a two to three year cycle of tissue culture propagation. Peach trees derived through micropropagation from the original regenerants were also evaluated after one to three years growth in the field. Although leaf spot resistance was retained in some regenerants over time in the greenhouse, following in vitro propagation, and under field conditions, resistance was either lost or not expressed in others. Regenerants # 19-1 and # 156-6, derived from embryo callus of bacterial spot susceptible 'Sunhigh', were significantly more resistant than 'Sunhigh'. High levels of resistance were exhibited in greenhouse plants and field-grown trees of regenerant # 122-1, derived from embryo callus of moderately resistant 'Redhaven'. This research provides additional evidence that selecting or screening for somaclonal variants with disease resistance is a feasible approach to obtaining peach trees with increased levels of bacterial spot resistance. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP HAMMERSCHLAG, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1994 VL 76 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 106 DI 10.1007/BF00024026 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA PE957 UT WOS:A1994PE95700013 ER PT J AU YOUNG, BA AF YOUNG, BA TI GENETIC-VARIATION IN A PANICUM-COLORATUM L POPULATION WITH A LIMITED GERMPLASM BASE SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE HALF-SIB FAMILY; HERITABILITY; KLEINGRASS; GRASS BREEDING ID KLEINGRASS; HERITABILITY AB The U.S. kleingrass (Panicum coloratum L.) germplasm collection is relatively small, and genetic variation for many agronomic traits has not been determined. This study was conducted to explore variability and predict expected progress from selection for several morphological characters related to forage production and establishment in a narrow-based population of kleingrass. Heritabilities and genetic gain were calculated from the analysis of half-sib families in a 2-yr study. Narrow-sense heritabilities were low to moderate and predicted small gains for most characters. Leaf width, however, was consistently heritable in both years, and gains in width of 12.5% per year could be achieved with family selection. Leaf width was also significantly correlated with leaf mass and culm mass. Thus, increases in leaf and culm dry mass accumulation can be achieved by direct selection for leaf width. Two seedling root growth parameters were also heritable, indicating that genetic gain could be achieved for seedling establishment in this population. Heritabilities for number of adventitious roots and length of longest adventitious root at 14 days after emergence were much higher in the second year of the study. This was attributed to the larger number of plants sampled in the second year. RP YOUNG, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1994 VL 75 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 76 DI 10.1007/BF00024533 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NV387 UT WOS:A1994NV38700009 ER PT J AU TAHIR, M MUEHLBAUER, FJ SPAETH, SC AF TAHIR, M MUEHLBAUER, FJ SPAETH, SC TI ASSOCIATION OF ISOZYME MARKERS WITH QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI IN RANDOM SINGLE SEED DESCENT DERIVED LINES OF LENTIL (LENS-CULINARIS MEDIK) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE LENS CULINARIS; LENTIL; GENE MARKERS; ISOZYMES; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS ID RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH; INTERSPECIFIC BACKCROSS; MAIZE; LINKAGE; SELECTION; TOMATO; POPULATION; YIELD; MAP AB Polymorphism at isozyme loci was used to locate factors responsible for variation in quantitative traits of lentil. Eight sets of random single seed descent (RSSD) derived lines were developed by advancing individual F-3 plants of interspecific (L. culinaris is Medik. x L. orientalis Boiss.) hybrids to the F-6. The RSSD lines in each of the eight sets differed for alleles at 2-8 isozyme loci. In each set, association of isozyme loci with variation in seven quantitative traits (days to flower, days to mature, plant height, biomass, seed yield, harvest index, seed weight) was determined for each pairwise combination of a quantitative trait with a marker locus. Loci affecting variation in all seven quantitative traits were detected by their association with 14 isozyme markers (Aat-c, Aat-m, Aar-p, Adh-1, Fk, Gal-1, Gal-2, Lap-1, Lap-2, Pgd-p, Pgi, Pgm-c, Pgm-p, Skdh). The known position of 10 of the 14 isozyme loci on the lentil genetic map was used to mark the genomic regions for possible location of associated quantitative trait loci (QTL). Detected QTL were found to be located in six of the seven linkage groups on lentil genetic map. Regions of the genome represented by linkage groups, 1, 5 and 7 appeared to affect a greater number of traits than other genomic regions represented by linkage groups 2, 3 and 4. Results indicated that the mean expression of quantitative traits at segregating marker locus classes can be used to locate the genetic factors in lentil which influence the behavior of economically important traits. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP TAHIR, M (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1994 VL 75 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1007/BF00024538 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NV387 UT WOS:A1994NV38700014 ER PT J AU DIAS, JS MONTEIRO, AA KRESOVICH, S AF DIAS, JS MONTEIRO, AA KRESOVICH, S TI GENETIC DIVERSITY AND TAXONOMY OF PORTUGUESE TRONCHUDA CABBAGE AND GALEGA KALE LANDRACES USING ISOZYME ANALYSIS SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE ALLOZYME VARIATION; ALLOZYME POLYMORPHISM; BRASSICA OLERACEA; CLASSIFICATION; PORTUGUESE COLES ID BRASSICA-OLERACEA L; POPULATIONS; RESOURCES AB Isozyme analysis was used to study the genetic variation and the genetic relationships of a collection of 48 Brassica spp. including 31 Portuguese coles (Brassica oleracea L.) accessions representative of the different landraces cultivated in Portugal. Other brassicas included in this experiment were Jersey kale, kailaan, common cabbages, broccolis, cauliflower, nine-chromosome wild brassica and turnip. Nine enzymes used in the starch gel electrophoresis included: PGM, PGI, AAT, LAP, TPI, FBP, SOD, IDH and GR. Twenty-one putative loci were revealed, with 3 showing invariance and the other 18 contained 50 alleles. The allelic frequencies at these loci represented by 40 plants per accession were used to calculate the following estimators of genetic variation: % of polymorphic loci, average number of alleles per polymorphic loci, average number of alleles per locus, and index of heterozygosity. The genetic relationships were evaluated considering Nei (1978) and Rogers (1972) genetic distances between each pair of accessions whose matrices were hierarchically clustered by the UPGMA method. The accessions were also studied using the principal coordinate analysis. Portuguese Tronchuda cabbages and Galega kales have shown high genetic diversity in comparison with the other accessions. This indicates their potential variation for use in breeding programs. The UPGMA results show that the 48 accessions, with the exception of B. iasularis, B. cretica, and turnip, can be clustered into 6 groups: (a) Portuguese Tronchuda cabbages, Galega kales and Algarve cabbages; (6) common cabbages and kales; (c) Couve Poda do Algarve and broccoli; (d) Algarve cabbage and common cabbages; (e) kailaan; (f) broccoli and cauliflower. The groupings obtained by the isozyme analysis are difficult to interpret considering the origin of the Brassica spp. and the morphological resemblance among the accessions. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,GENEVA,NY 14456. RP DIAS, JS (reprint author), INST SUPER AGRON,P-1300 LISBON,PORTUGAL. OI Monteiro, Antonio/0000-0002-2185-0720 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1994 VL 75 IS 3 BP 221 EP 230 DI 10.1007/BF00025607 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA PC811 UT WOS:A1994PC81100008 ER PT J AU HANNEMAN, RE AF HANNEMAN, RE TI ASSIGNMENT OF ENDOSPERM BALANCE NUMBERS TO THE TUBER-BEARING SOLANUMS AND THEIR CLOSE NON-TUBER-BEARING RELATIVES SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE CROSSABILITY BARRIERS; EBN; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; POTATO; SOLANUM ID POTATO; HYPOTHESIS; GERMPLASM AB The Endosperm Balance Number (EBN) of over 80 species and subspecies of the tuber-bearing Solanums and their close non-tuber-bearing relatives representing 13 taxonomic series has been determined, with no species assigned to more than one EBN level. Among North American species, most diploids are 1EBN, most tetraploids are 2EBN and all hexaploids are 4EBN; however, among South American species most diploids are 2EBN, most tetraploids are 4EBN and again all hexaploids are 4EBN. Thus species may be isolated from others of the same ploidy level by EBN differences, e.g., 4x(2EBN) from 4x(4EBN), while other species differing in ploidy but having the same EBN may be intercrossed, e.g., 4x(2EBN) and 2x(2EBN). Chromosome doubling or 2n gametes can be used to make a lower EBN species compatible with a higher EBN species. These findings also explain the major crossing difficulties previously inherent in the use of North American species in potato improvement. They also have direct implications for potato improvement, barring the occurrence of other incompatibility barriers. Any 4x(4EBN) cultivar is endosperm compatible and thus will cross with 4x(4EBN) and 6x(4EBN) species. The 2x(2EBN) haploids of 4x(4EBN) cultivars likewise will hybridize with 2x(2EBN) and 4x(4EBN) species. All 2x(1EBN) species are crossable with 2x(2EBN) haploids through 2n gametes or chromosome doubling. RP HANNEMAN, RE (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN, USDA ARS, DEPT HORT, VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. NR 15 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 EI 1573-5060 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1994 VL 74 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1007/BF00033762 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NP899 UT WOS:A1994NP89900003 ER PT J AU BROWN, CR THOMAS, PE AF BROWN, CR THOMAS, PE TI RESISTANCE TO POTATO LEAFROLL VIRUS DERIVED FROM SOLANUM CHACOENSE - CHARACTERIZATION AND INHERITANCE SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE BREEDING; ELISA; PLRV; SOLANUM CHACOENSE; WILD SPECIES ID COAT PROTEIN GENE; MEDIATED RESISTANCE; ROLL VIRUS; LUTEOVIRUS; PLANTS; PLRV AB Resistance to potato leafroll virus (PLRV) was detected in an accession of Solanum chacoense. Inoculations with viruliferous aphids and subsequent graft challenges using Datura tatula and potato as PLRV sources determined that resistance appears to be of an extreme type. Virus was not detectable using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in S. chacoense, and in resistant F1 and BC1 progenies after attempts to transmit the virus through grafting. The segregation ratios of BC1 progenies for positive and negative ELISA tests are consistent with simple dominant inheritance. RP BROWN, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RT 2 BOX 2953A,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1994 VL 74 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1007/BF00033767 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NP899 UT WOS:A1994NP89900008 ER PT J AU MUEHLBAUER, FJ KAISER, WJ AF MUEHLBAUER, FJ KAISER, WJ TI USING HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE TO MANAGE BIOTIC STRESSES IN COOL-SEASON FOOD LEGUMES SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE MULTIPLE DISEASE RESISTANCE; GERMPLASM; INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT BREEDING; SELECTION AB The cool season food legumes are seriously affected by diseases and pests that collectively cause yield reductions variously estimated at over 50% on a world wide basis. The use of host plant resistance to increase and stabilize yields depends on a well planned plant breeding program, i.e., germplasm evaluation, hybridization with otherwise adapted material, and screening and selection methods that efficiently identify segregants with combined resistance to multiple diseases and insect pests. Sequential and simultaneous screening has successfully combined resistance to Ascochyta blight and Fusarium wilt of chickpea; Fusarium wilt, powdery mildew, and viruses of pea; and Fusarium wilt and rust of lentil. Resistance has generally been durable for the soilborne diseases; however, resistance to Ascochyta blight has often been overcome by new pathotypes. Resistance to powdery mildew, pea enation mosaic and other viruses has been durable. Some of the most serious biotic stresses of the cool season food legumes remain as chronic production constraints. These include Aphanomyces root rot of pea, rust and Ascochyta blight of lentil, root rot of chickpea, chocolate spot of faba bean, and Orobanche ssp. that parasitize all of the cool season food legumes. The use of host plant resistance to control insect pests is almost non-existent; however, resistance to Heliocoverpa and leaf miner of chickpea has been identified and work is underway toward developing resistant cultivars. The control of Bruchus spp. and Sitona spp. through host plant resistance remains as a remote possibility. Cultivars which are resistant or tolerant to one or more biotic stresses are a critical component of integrated pest management. Decisions as to crop rotations, monitoring of field populations of pathogens or insects, pesticides or biological control agents, tillage, planting dates, method of planting, and other factors can all be critical to reducing the effects of biotic stresses. Successful production of cool season food legumes appears to depend on the creation of cultivars with genetic resistance to one or more pests followed by management decisions designed to delay development of pathotypes or biotypes capable of overcoming the available resistance. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. RP MUEHLBAUER, FJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, 303W JOHNSON HALL, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1994 VL 73 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1007/BF00027177 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NG439 UT WOS:A1994NG43900001 ER PT J AU PORTAPUGLIA, A BERNIER, CC JELLIS, GJ KAISER, WJ REDDY, MV AF PORTAPUGLIA, A BERNIER, CC JELLIS, GJ KAISER, WJ REDDY, MV TI SCREENING TECHNIQUES AND SOURCES OF RESISTANCE TO FOLIAR DISEASES CAUSED BY FUNGI AND BACTERIA IN COOL-SEASON FOOD LEGUMES SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Food Legume Research Conference CY APR 12-16, 1992 CL CAIRO, EGYPT DE CICER ARIETINUM; CHICKPEA; VICIA FABA; FABA BEAN; LENS CULINARIS; LENTIL; PISUM SATIVUM; PEA; FOLIAR DISEASES; SCREENING FOR RESISTANCE; SOURCES OF RESISTANCE ID UROMYCES-VICIAE-FABAE; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; PEA PISUM-SATIVUM; ASCOCHYTA-FABAE; VERTICAL RESISTANCE; SELECTION; TRANSFORMATION; PLANTS; RACES; ESTABLISHMENT AB Screening techniques are an important component of the overall strategy of breeding for resistance to diseases in cool season food legumes. Suitable screening methods have been developed for several major foliar diseases of chickpea, pea, faba bean, and lentil, and sources of resistance have been identified. International cooperation plays an important role in promoting research and keeping collections of cultivated species and their wild relatives. New biotechnological approaches are promising for enhancing the practical use of genes for resistance. C1 UNIV MANITOBA,DEPT PLANT SCI,WINNIPEG R3T 2N2,MB,CANADA. PLANT BREEDING INT,CAMBRIDGE CB2 2LQ,CAMBS,ENGLAND. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,PULLMAN,WA 99164. INT CROPS RES INST SEMI ARID TROP,LEGUMES PROGRAM,PATANCHERU 502324,ANDHRA PRADESH,INDIA. RP PORTAPUGLIA, A (reprint author), IST SPERIMENTALE PATOL VEGETALE,VIA CG BERTERO 22,I-00156 ROME,ITALY. NR 88 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1994 VL 73 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 25 DI 10.1007/BF00027178 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NG439 UT WOS:A1994NG43900002 ER PT J AU KRAFT, JM HAWARE, MP JIMENEZDIAZ, RM BAYAA, B HARRABI, M AF KRAFT, JM HAWARE, MP JIMENEZDIAZ, RM BAYAA, B HARRABI, M TI SCREENING TECHNIQUES AND SOURCES OF RESISTANCE TO ROOT ROTS AND WILTS IN COOL-SEASON FOOD LEGUMES SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Food Legume Research Conference CY APR 12-16, 1992 CL CAIRO, EGYPT DE PEAS; CHICKPEA; LENTILS; FUSARIUM APHANOMYCES PYTHIUM; RHIZOCTONIA SCLEROTIUM MACROPHOMINA; ROOT ROTS; WILTS ID F-SP-PISI; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; FUSARIUM-WILT; PEA GERMPLASMS; STEM ROT; CHICKPEA; REGISTRATION; LINES; TEMPERATURE AB Soilborne, fungal pathogens of cool season food legumes, including seed and seedling blights, rot rots, and wilts are described. Seed and seedling diseases are caused primarily by Pythium and Rhizoctonia spp. The most important fungi causing root rots include Aphanomyces euteiches, Fusarium solani, Pythium spp., Sclerotium rolfsii, and Macrophomina phaseolina. Wilt is caused primarily by various host-specific forms of Fusarium oxysporum. This paper discusses these diseases and screening procedures that emphasize standardization of inoculum levels, maintenance of virulent pathogen cultures, inoculum growth media, environmental conditions, and host plant age. Sources of resistance to these diseases are discussed. C1 INT CROPS RES INST SEMI ARID TROP,PATANCHERU 502324,ANDHRA PRADESH,INDIA. UNIV CORDOBA,CSIC,INST AGRON & PROTECC VEGETAL,E-14080 CORDOBA,SPAIN. UNIV CORDOBA,ETSIAM,DEPT AGRON PATOL VEGETAL,E-14080 CORDOBA,SPAIN. ICARDA,ALEPPO,SYRIA. INST NATL AGRON TUNISIE,GENET LAB,TUNIS,TUNISIA. RP KRAFT, JM (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,IAREC,USDA ARS,ROUTE 2,BOX 2953A,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 128 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1994 VL 73 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1007/BF00027179 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NG439 UT WOS:A1994NG43900003 ER PT J AU CLEMENT, SL ELDIN, NES WEIGAND, S LATEEF, SS AF CLEMENT, SL ELDIN, NES WEIGAND, S LATEEF, SS TI RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS IN PLANT-RESISTANCE TO INSECT PESTS OF COOL-SEASON FOOD LEGUMES SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Food Legume Research Conference CY APR 12-16, 1992 CL CAIRO, EGYPT DE INSECTA; GRAIN LEGUMES; HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE ID PISUM HARRIS HOMOPTERA; FIELD PEAS; APHID RESISTANCE; BRUCHUS-PISORUM; VICIA-FABA; BRUCHIDAE; CULTIVARS; GROWTH; COLEOPTERA; MANITOBA AB Plant resistance to at least 17 field and storage insect pests of cool season food legumes has been identified. For the most part, this resistance was located in the primary gene pools of grain legumes via conventional laboratory, greenhouse, and field screening methods. The use of analytical techniques (i.e., capillary gas chromatography) to characterize plant chemicals that mediate the host selection behavior of pest insects offers promise as a new, more rapid way to differentiate between insect-resistant and susceptible plant material. Examples of research achievements in mechanisms of resistance and host-plant resistance within the context of integrated control programs are discussed. Accelerating the development and subsequent releases of insect-resistant cultivars to pulse farmers requires more involvement from interdisciplinary teams of plant breeders, entomologists, plant pathologists, plant chemists, molecular biologists, and other scientists. C1 AGR RES CTR,WAD MADANI,SUDAN. ICARDA,ALEPPO,SYRIA. INT CROPS RES INST SEMI ARID TROP,LEGUMES PROGRAM,PATANCHERU 502324,ANDHRA PRADESH,INDIA. RP CLEMENT, SL (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,59 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 79 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1994 VL 73 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1007/BF00027180 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NG439 UT WOS:A1994NG43900004 ER PT J AU MUEHLBAUER, FJ KAISER, WJ SIMON, CJ AF MUEHLBAUER, FJ KAISER, WJ SIMON, CJ TI POTENTIAL FOR WILD-SPECIES IN COOL-SEASON FOOD LEGUME BREEDING SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Food Legume Research Conference CY APR 12-16, 1992 CL CAIRO, EGYPT DE WILD-GERMPLASM; INTERSPECIFIC-HYBRIDIZATION; GENE POOLS; INTROGRESSION; GENE TRANSFER ID LINKAGE RELATIONSHIPS; EMBRYO CULTURE; ISOZYME; LENTIL; PEA; GENOME; LENS; MAPS AB Wild species which are crossable to cultivated pea, lentil, and chickpea have been collected and are maintained in major germplasm collections throughout the world. Wild species of Vicia crossable to the cultivated faba bean have not been found. The primary, secondary, and tertiary gene pools of the cool season food legumes represent potential genetic diversity that may eventually be exploited in cultivated types to overcome biotic and abiotic stresses. Technical difficulties in obtaining hybrids beyond those within the primary gene pool is a major obstacle. Reproductive isolation, embryo breakdown, hybrid sterility, and limited genetic recombination are major barriers to greater use of wild germplasm. Conventional crossing has been successful in producing interspecific hybrids in Lens, Cicer and Pisum and those hybrids are being evaluated for desired recombinants. In vitro culture of hybrid embryos has been successful in overcoming barriers to wider crosses in Lens. The successful transfer of genes from wide sources to cultivated types can be assisted by repeated backcrossing and selection designed to leave behind undesired traits while transferring genes of interest. Molecular marker assisted selection may become a valuable tool in the future use of wild species. In general, too little is known about the possible genetic variation available in wild species that could be valuable in developing resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Current efforts on the use of wide hybridization in the cool season food legumes are reviewed and discussed. RP MUEHLBAUER, FJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,303W JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 30 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 1994 VL 73 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1007/BF00027187 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NG439 UT WOS:A1994NG43900011 ER PT J AU KELLEY, DS DAUDU, PA BRANCH, LB JOHNSON, HL TAYLOR, PC MACKEY, B AF KELLEY, DS DAUDU, PA BRANCH, LB JOHNSON, HL TAYLOR, PC MACKEY, B TI ENERGY RESTRICTION DECREASES NUMBER OF CIRCULATING NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS AND SERUM LEVELS OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN OVERWEIGHT WOMEN SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN IMMUNE STATUS; ANOREXIA-NERVOSA; MALNUTRITION; DEPRIVATION; DIET; MICE; ACID; FAT AB We examined the effects of energy restriction on immune response and also compared the effects of low fat (LF, 18.6 E%) and high fat (HF, 40.7 E%) diets during energy restriction on immunological parameters. Ten overweight women were fed the HF diet for 42 days (PI) to maintain their body weights. For the next 84 days (P2), the energy intake was reduced to 50% of the intake during P1 for all the women, five of them were fed the HF diet and the other five the LF diet. For the last 35 days of the study (P3), subjects remained on their respective diets, but the energy intake was increased to maintain BW to the level reached at the end of energy restriction. Serum concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and C4, numbers of lymphocytes and their subsets, blastogenesis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured with phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A and protein A were determined several times during the study. Delayed hypersensitivity skin (DHS) response to seven recall antigens was determined towards the end of each study period. None of the parameters studied were different between the HF and LF dietary groups. During energy restriction the subjects lost an average of 7 kg in the LF group and 9 kg in the HF group. Energy restriction caused a significant (P < 0.005) decrease in the serum concentration of IgG, IgA, C3, and the number of circulating natural killer (NK) cells. An increase in energy intake during P3 reversed some of the decreases caused by energy restriction, but the levels did not return to pre-restriction levels during these 35 days of refeeding adequate dietary energy. The numbers of circulating lymphocytes and their subsets with the exception of NK cells, serum levels of IgM and C4, and the DHS response monitored 48 h after the application of antigens were not affected by energy restriction. Health status of the women in our study did not seem to be compromised; however, it could be compromised under more drastic restrictions or with moderate restrictions in high risk subjects. RP KELLEY, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LETTERMAN ARMY MED CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 48 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MV661 UT WOS:A1994MV66100002 PM 8200333 ER PT J AU FUGLIE, KO AF FUGLIE, KO TI THE DEMAND FOR POTATOES IN TUNISIA - ARE THEY A CEREAL SUBSTITUTE SO EUROPEAN REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE CONSUMER DEMAND; POTATOES; TUNISIA; FOOD POLICY AB Per capita potato consumption has more than doubled in Tunisia during the past three decades. An econometric analysis of potato demand suggests that the principal source of growth in consumption is an income effect. The demand elasticities also suggest that potatoes are substituted for traditional cereal staples when food price ratios change, at least in the short run. Consumer preferences for potatoes may be increasing due to demographic and cultural factors. These findings carry implications for national agricultural policy which seeks to achieve self-sufficiency in food production. More emphasis could be given to non-traditional foods such as potatoes. RP FUGLIE, KO (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOUTON DE GRUYTER PI HAWTHORNE PA 200 SAW MILL RIVER RD, HAWTHORNE, NY 10532 SN 0165-1587 J9 EUR REV AGRIC ECON JI Eur. Rev. Agric. Econ. PY 1994 VL 21 IS 2 BP 277 EP 286 DI 10.1093/erae/21.2.277 PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA NW558 UT WOS:A1994NW55800007 ER PT B AU VAIL, KM WILLIAMS, DF AF VAIL, KM WILLIAMS, DF BE Williams, DF TI FORAGING OF THE PHARAOH ANT, MONOMORIUM-PHARAONIS - AN EXOTIC IN THE URBAN-ENVIRONMENT SO EXOTIC ANTS: BIOLOGY, IMPACT, AND CONTROL OF INTRODUCED SPECIES SE WESTVIEW STUDIES IN INSECT BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Galapagos Ant Conference - Exotic Ants: Biology, Impact and Control of Introduced Species CY OCT 14-17, 1991 CL CHARLES DARWIN RES STN, GALAPAGOS ISLANDS, ECUADOR HO CHARLES DARWIN RES STN RP VAIL, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WESTVIEW PRESS PI BOULDER PA 5500 CENTRAL AVENUE, BOULDER, CO 80301-2877 BN 0-8133-8615-2 J9 WESTV STUD PY 1994 BP 228 EP 239 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Entomology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA BZ77N UT WOS:A1994BZ77N00020 ER PT B AU WOJCIK, DP AF WOJCIK, DP BE Williams, DF TI IMPACT OF THE RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT ON NATIVE ANT SPECIES IN FLORIDA SO EXOTIC ANTS: BIOLOGY, IMPACT, AND CONTROL OF INTRODUCED SPECIES SE WESTVIEW STUDIES IN INSECT BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Galapagos Ant Conference - Exotic Ants: Biology, Impact and Control of Introduced Species CY OCT 14-17, 1991 CL CHARLES DARWIN RES STN, GALAPAGOS ISLANDS, ECUADOR HO CHARLES DARWIN RES STN RP WOJCIK, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 0 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU WESTVIEW PRESS PI BOULDER PA 5500 CENTRAL AVENUE, BOULDER, CO 80301-2877 BN 0-8133-8615-2 J9 WESTV STUD PY 1994 BP 269 EP 281 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Entomology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA BZ77N UT WOS:A1994BZ77N00023 ER PT B AU WILLIAMS, DF AF WILLIAMS, DF BE Williams, DF TI CONTROL OF THE INTRODUCED PEST SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA IN THE UNITED-STATES SO EXOTIC ANTS: BIOLOGY, IMPACT, AND CONTROL OF INTRODUCED SPECIES SE WESTVIEW STUDIES IN INSECT BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Galapagos Ant Conference - Exotic Ants: Biology, Impact and Control of Introduced Species CY OCT 14-17, 1991 CL CHARLES DARWIN RES STN, GALAPAGOS ISLANDS, ECUADOR HO CHARLES DARWIN RES STN RP WILLIAMS, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTVIEW PRESS PI BOULDER PA 5500 CENTRAL AVENUE, BOULDER, CO 80301-2877 BN 0-8133-8615-2 J9 WESTV STUD PY 1994 BP 282 EP 292 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Entomology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA BZ77N UT WOS:A1994BZ77N00024 ER PT B AU PATTERSON, RS AF PATTERSON, RS BE Williams, DF TI BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF INTRODUCED ANT SPECIES SO EXOTIC ANTS: BIOLOGY, IMPACT, AND CONTROL OF INTRODUCED SPECIES SE WESTVIEW STUDIES IN INSECT BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Galapagos Ant Conference - Exotic Ants: Biology, Impact and Control of Introduced Species CY OCT 14-17, 1991 CL CHARLES DARWIN RES STN, GALAPAGOS ISLANDS, ECUADOR HO CHARLES DARWIN RES STN RP PATTERSON, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTVIEW PRESS PI BOULDER PA 5500 CENTRAL AVENUE, BOULDER, CO 80301-2877 BN 0-8133-8615-2 J9 WESTV STUD PY 1994 BP 293 EP 307 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Entomology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA BZ77N UT WOS:A1994BZ77N00025 ER PT B AU MUEHLBAUER, FJ KAISER, WJ AF MUEHLBAUER, FJ KAISER, WJ BE Muehlbauer, FJ Kaiser, WJ TI USING HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE TO MANAGE BIOTIC STRESSES IN COOL-SEASON FOOD LEGUMES SO EXPANDING THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF COOL SEASON FOOD LEGUMES: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE OF PERSISTENT CONSTRAINTS AND OF OPPORTUNITIES AND STRATEGIES FOR FURTHER INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY AND USE OF PEA, LENTIL, FABA BEAN, CHICKPEA AND GRASSPEA IN DIFFERENT FARMING SYSTEMS SE CURRENT PLANT SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Food Legume Research Conference on Pea, Lentil, Faba Bean, Chickpea, and Grasspea CY APR 12-16, 1992 CL CAIRO, EGYPT SP EGYPTIAN MINIST AGR & LAND RECLAMAT, CAIRO, DEUT GESELL TECH ZUSAMMENARBEIT GMBH, FED MINIST ECON COOPERAT BONN, AUSTR INT DEV ASSISTANCE BUR, US AGCY INT DEV, INT DEV RES CTR CANADA, INT CTR AGR RES DRY AREAS SYRIA, INT CROPS RES INST SEMI ARID TROP INDIA, FAO UN ITALY, USDA, AGR RES SERV, OVERSEAS DEV ADM UK FOREIGN & COMMONWEALTH OFF, WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, UNIV SASKATCHEWAN, AMER DRY PEA & LENTIL ASSOC, WASHINGTON & IDAHO DRY PEA & LENTIL COMMISS, WASHINGTON & IDAHO ASSOC DRY PEA & LENTIL PRODUCERS, SASKATCHEWAN PULSE CROP DEV BOARD CANADA, ALBERTA PULSE GROWERS COMMISS CANADA, MANITOBA PULSE PRODUCERS ASSOC CANADA, CANADIAN SPECIAL CROPS ASSOC, FINORA CANADA LTD, INT GRAIN TRADE CANADA LTD, PIONEER GRAIN CO LTD, WALKER SEEDS LTD, SEEDTEC LTD CANADA, NEWFIELD SEEDS LTD, SVALOF SEEDS, SASKATCHEWAN DEPT AGR & FOOD CANADA, CHIN RIDGE SEED PROCESSORS LTD CANADA, PARENT SEED FARM CANADA, ROY LEGUMEX INC CANADA, SASKATCHEWAN WHEAT POOL CANADA, UNITED GRAIN GROWERS CANADA, X CAN GRAIN CANADA C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2535-4 J9 CURR PLANT SCI BIOT PY 1994 VL 19 BP 233 EP 246 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BA50M UT WOS:A1994BA50M00013 ER PT B AU KRAFT, JM HAWARE, MP JIMENEZDIAZ, RM BAYAA, B HARRABI, M AF KRAFT, JM HAWARE, MP JIMENEZDIAZ, RM BAYAA, B HARRABI, M BE Muehlbauer, FJ Kaiser, WJ TI SCREENING TECHNIQUES AND SOURCES OF RESISTANCE TO ROOT ROTS AND WILTS IN COOL-SEASON FOOD LEGUMES SO EXPANDING THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF COOL SEASON FOOD LEGUMES: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE OF PERSISTENT CONSTRAINTS AND OF OPPORTUNITIES AND STRATEGIES FOR FURTHER INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY AND USE OF PEA, LENTIL, FABA BEAN, CHICKPEA AND GRASSPEA IN DIFFERENT FARMING SYSTEMS SE CURRENT PLANT SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Food Legume Research Conference on Pea, Lentil, Faba Bean, Chickpea, and Grasspea CY APR 12-16, 1992 CL CAIRO, EGYPT SP EGYPTIAN MINIST AGR & LAND RECLAMAT, CAIRO, DEUT GESELL TECH ZUSAMMENARBEIT GMBH, FED MINIST ECON COOPERAT BONN, AUSTR INT DEV ASSISTANCE BUR, US AGCY INT DEV, INT DEV RES CTR CANADA, INT CTR AGR RES DRY AREAS SYRIA, INT CROPS RES INST SEMI ARID TROP INDIA, FAO UN ITALY, USDA, AGR RES SERV, OVERSEAS DEV ADM UK FOREIGN & COMMONWEALTH OFF, WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, UNIV SASKATCHEWAN, AMER DRY PEA & LENTIL ASSOC, WASHINGTON & IDAHO DRY PEA & LENTIL COMMISS, WASHINGTON & IDAHO ASSOC DRY PEA & LENTIL PRODUCERS, SASKATCHEWAN PULSE CROP DEV BOARD CANADA, ALBERTA PULSE GROWERS COMMISS CANADA, MANITOBA PULSE PRODUCERS ASSOC CANADA, CANADIAN SPECIAL CROPS ASSOC, FINORA CANADA LTD, INT GRAIN TRADE CANADA LTD, PIONEER GRAIN CO LTD, WALKER SEEDS LTD, SEEDTEC LTD CANADA, NEWFIELD SEEDS LTD, SVALOF SEEDS, SASKATCHEWAN DEPT AGR & FOOD CANADA, CHIN RIDGE SEED PROCESSORS LTD CANADA, PARENT SEED FARM CANADA, ROY LEGUMEX INC CANADA, SASKATCHEWAN WHEAT POOL CANADA, UNITED GRAIN GROWERS CANADA, X CAN GRAIN CANADA C1 WSU,IAREC,USDA ARS,PROSSER,WA 99350. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2535-4 J9 CURR PLANT SCI BIOT PY 1994 VL 19 BP 268 EP 289 PG 22 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BA50M UT WOS:A1994BA50M00015 ER PT B AU CLEMENT, SL ELDIN, NES WEIGAND, S LATEEF, SS AF CLEMENT, SL ELDIN, NES WEIGAND, S LATEEF, SS BE Muehlbauer, FJ Kaiser, WJ TI RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS IN PLANT-RESISTANCE TO INSECT PESTS OF COOL-SEASON FOOD LEGUMES SO EXPANDING THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF COOL SEASON FOOD LEGUMES: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE OF PERSISTENT CONSTRAINTS AND OF OPPORTUNITIES AND STRATEGIES FOR FURTHER INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY AND USE OF PEA, LENTIL, FABA BEAN, CHICKPEA AND GRASSPEA IN DIFFERENT FARMING SYSTEMS SE CURRENT PLANT SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Food Legume Research Conference on Pea, Lentil, Faba Bean, Chickpea, and Grasspea CY APR 12-16, 1992 CL CAIRO, EGYPT SP EGYPTIAN MINIST AGR & LAND RECLAMAT, CAIRO, DEUT GESELL TECH ZUSAMMENARBEIT GMBH, FED MINIST ECON COOPERAT BONN, AUSTR INT DEV ASSISTANCE BUR, US AGCY INT DEV, INT DEV RES CTR CANADA, INT CTR AGR RES DRY AREAS SYRIA, INT CROPS RES INST SEMI ARID TROP INDIA, FAO UN ITALY, USDA, AGR RES SERV, OVERSEAS DEV ADM UK FOREIGN & COMMONWEALTH OFF, WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, UNIV SASKATCHEWAN, AMER DRY PEA & LENTIL ASSOC, WASHINGTON & IDAHO DRY PEA & LENTIL COMMISS, WASHINGTON & IDAHO ASSOC DRY PEA & LENTIL PRODUCERS, SASKATCHEWAN PULSE CROP DEV BOARD CANADA, ALBERTA PULSE GROWERS COMMISS CANADA, MANITOBA PULSE PRODUCERS ASSOC CANADA, CANADIAN SPECIAL CROPS ASSOC, FINORA CANADA LTD, INT GRAIN TRADE CANADA LTD, PIONEER GRAIN CO LTD, WALKER SEEDS LTD, SEEDTEC LTD CANADA, NEWFIELD SEEDS LTD, SVALOF SEEDS, SASKATCHEWAN DEPT AGR & FOOD CANADA, CHIN RIDGE SEED PROCESSORS LTD CANADA, PARENT SEED FARM CANADA, ROY LEGUMEX INC CANADA, SASKATCHEWAN WHEAT POOL CANADA, UNITED GRAIN GROWERS CANADA, X CAN GRAIN CANADA C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2535-4 J9 CURR PLANT SCI BIOT PY 1994 VL 19 BP 290 EP 304 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BA50M UT WOS:A1994BA50M00016 ER PT B AU MUEHLBAUER, FJ KAISER, WJ SIMON, CJ AF MUEHLBAUER, FJ KAISER, WJ SIMON, CJ BE Muehlbauer, FJ Kaiser, WJ TI POTENTIAL FOR WILD-SPECIES IN COOL-SEASON FOOD LEGUME BREEDING SO EXPANDING THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF COOL SEASON FOOD LEGUMES: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE OF PERSISTENT CONSTRAINTS AND OF OPPORTUNITIES AND STRATEGIES FOR FURTHER INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY AND USE OF PEA, LENTIL, FABA BEAN, CHICKPEA AND GRASSPEA IN DIFFERENT FARMING SYSTEMS SE CURRENT PLANT SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Food Legume Research Conference on Pea, Lentil, Faba Bean, Chickpea, and Grasspea CY APR 12-16, 1992 CL CAIRO, EGYPT SP EGYPTIAN MINIST AGR & LAND RECLAMAT, CAIRO, DEUT GESELL TECH ZUSAMMENARBEIT GMBH, FED MINIST ECON COOPERAT BONN, AUSTR INT DEV ASSISTANCE BUR, US AGCY INT DEV, INT DEV RES CTR CANADA, INT CTR AGR RES DRY AREAS SYRIA, INT CROPS RES INST SEMI ARID TROP INDIA, FAO UN ITALY, USDA, AGR RES SERV, OVERSEAS DEV ADM UK FOREIGN & COMMONWEALTH OFF, WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, UNIV SASKATCHEWAN, AMER DRY PEA & LENTIL ASSOC, WASHINGTON & IDAHO DRY PEA & LENTIL COMMISS, WASHINGTON & IDAHO ASSOC DRY PEA & LENTIL PRODUCERS, SASKATCHEWAN PULSE CROP DEV BOARD CANADA, ALBERTA PULSE GROWERS COMMISS CANADA, MANITOBA PULSE PRODUCERS ASSOC CANADA, CANADIAN SPECIAL CROPS ASSOC, FINORA CANADA LTD, INT GRAIN TRADE CANADA LTD, PIONEER GRAIN CO LTD, WALKER SEEDS LTD, SEEDTEC LTD CANADA, NEWFIELD SEEDS LTD, SVALOF SEEDS, SASKATCHEWAN DEPT AGR & FOOD CANADA, CHIN RIDGE SEED PROCESSORS LTD CANADA, PARENT SEED FARM CANADA, ROY LEGUMEX INC CANADA, SASKATCHEWAN WHEAT POOL CANADA, UNITED GRAIN GROWERS CANADA, X CAN GRAIN CANADA C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2535-4 J9 CURR PLANT SCI BIOT PY 1994 VL 19 BP 531 EP 539 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BA50M UT WOS:A1994BA50M00032 ER PT B AU KAISER, WJ MUEHLBAUER, FJ HANNAN, RM AF KAISER, WJ MUEHLBAUER, FJ HANNAN, RM BE Muehlbauer, FJ Kaiser, WJ TI EXPERIENCE WITH ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT OF CHICKPEA IN THE UNITED-STATES SO EXPANDING THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF COOL SEASON FOOD LEGUMES: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE OF PERSISTENT CONSTRAINTS AND OF OPPORTUNITIES AND STRATEGIES FOR FURTHER INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY AND USE OF PEA, LENTIL, FABA BEAN, CHICKPEA AND GRASSPEA IN DIFFERENT FARMING SYSTEMS SE CURRENT PLANT SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Food Legume Research Conference on Pea, Lentil, Faba Bean, Chickpea, and Grasspea CY APR 12-16, 1992 CL CAIRO, EGYPT SP EGYPTIAN MINIST AGR & LAND RECLAMAT, CAIRO, DEUT GESELL TECH ZUSAMMENARBEIT GMBH, FED MINIST ECON COOPERAT BONN, AUSTR INT DEV ASSISTANCE BUR, US AGCY INT DEV, INT DEV RES CTR CANADA, INT CTR AGR RES DRY AREAS SYRIA, INT CROPS RES INST SEMI ARID TROP INDIA, FAO UN ITALY, USDA, AGR RES SERV, OVERSEAS DEV ADM UK FOREIGN & COMMONWEALTH OFF, WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, UNIV SASKATCHEWAN, AMER DRY PEA & LENTIL ASSOC, WASHINGTON & IDAHO DRY PEA & LENTIL COMMISS, WASHINGTON & IDAHO ASSOC DRY PEA & LENTIL PRODUCERS, SASKATCHEWAN PULSE CROP DEV BOARD CANADA, ALBERTA PULSE GROWERS COMMISS CANADA, MANITOBA PULSE PRODUCERS ASSOC CANADA, CANADIAN SPECIAL CROPS ASSOC, FINORA CANADA LTD, INT GRAIN TRADE CANADA LTD, PIONEER GRAIN CO LTD, WALKER SEEDS LTD, SEEDTEC LTD CANADA, NEWFIELD SEEDS LTD, SVALOF SEEDS, SASKATCHEWAN DEPT AGR & FOOD CANADA, CHIN RIDGE SEED PROCESSORS LTD CANADA, PARENT SEED FARM CANADA, ROY LEGUMEX INC CANADA, SASKATCHEWAN WHEAT POOL CANADA, UNITED GRAIN GROWERS CANADA, X CAN GRAIN CANADA C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2535-4 J9 CURR PLANT SCI BIOT PY 1994 VL 19 BP 849 EP 858 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BA50M UT WOS:A1994BA50M00052 ER PT B AU KAISER, WJ KRAFT, JM AF KAISER, WJ KRAFT, JM BE Muehlbauer, FJ Kaiser, WJ TI NORTH-AMERICA - DISCUSSION GROUP SO EXPANDING THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF COOL SEASON FOOD LEGUMES: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE OF PERSISTENT CONSTRAINTS AND OF OPPORTUNITIES AND STRATEGIES FOR FURTHER INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY AND USE OF PEA, LENTIL, FABA BEAN, CHICKPEA AND GRASSPEA IN DIFFERENT FARMING SYSTEMS SE CURRENT PLANT SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Food Legume Research Conference on Pea, Lentil, Faba Bean, Chickpea, and Grasspea CY APR 12-16, 1992 CL CAIRO, EGYPT SP EGYPTIAN MINIST AGR & LAND RECLAMAT, CAIRO, DEUT GESELL TECH ZUSAMMENARBEIT GMBH, FED MINIST ECON COOPERAT BONN, AUSTR INT DEV ASSISTANCE BUR, US AGCY INT DEV, INT DEV RES CTR CANADA, INT CTR AGR RES DRY AREAS SYRIA, INT CROPS RES INST SEMI ARID TROP INDIA, FAO UN ITALY, USDA, AGR RES SERV, OVERSEAS DEV ADM UK FOREIGN & COMMONWEALTH OFF, WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, UNIV SASKATCHEWAN, AMER DRY PEA & LENTIL ASSOC, WASHINGTON & IDAHO DRY PEA & LENTIL COMMISS, WASHINGTON & IDAHO ASSOC DRY PEA & LENTIL PRODUCERS, SASKATCHEWAN PULSE CROP DEV BOARD CANADA, ALBERTA PULSE GROWERS COMMISS CANADA, MANITOBA PULSE PRODUCERS ASSOC CANADA, CANADIAN SPECIAL CROPS ASSOC, FINORA CANADA LTD, INT GRAIN TRADE CANADA LTD, PIONEER GRAIN CO LTD, WALKER SEEDS LTD, SEEDTEC LTD CANADA, NEWFIELD SEEDS LTD, SVALOF SEEDS, SASKATCHEWAN DEPT AGR & FOOD CANADA, CHIN RIDGE SEED PROCESSORS LTD CANADA, PARENT SEED FARM CANADA, ROY LEGUMEX INC CANADA, SASKATCHEWAN WHEAT POOL CANADA, UNITED GRAIN GROWERS CANADA, X CAN GRAIN CANADA C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2535-4 J9 CURR PLANT SCI BIOT PY 1994 VL 19 BP 941 EP 943 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BA50M UT WOS:A1994BA50M00059 ER PT J AU GUNDERSON, DE LAUFENBERG, TL AF GUNDERSON, DE LAUFENBERG, TL TI APPARATUS FOR EVALUATING STABILITY OF CORRUGATED BOARD UNDER LOAD IN CYCLIC HUMIDITY ENVIRONMENT SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID EDGEWISE COMPRESSION RP GUNDERSON, DE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL STREET, BETHEL, CT 06801 SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 18 IS 1 BP 27 EP 31 DI 10.1111/j.1747-1567.1994.tb00805.x PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA NE667 UT WOS:A1994NE66700005 ER PT S AU ARNOLD, RW AF ARNOLD, RW BE Luxmoore, RJ Bartels, JM TI SOIL GEOGRAPHY AND FACTOR FUNCTIONALITY - INTERACTING CONCEPTS SO FACTORS OF SOIL FORMATION: A FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY RETROSPECTIVE SE SSSA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Factors of Soil Formation: A 50th Anniversary Retrospective, held during the 1991 Annual Meeting of the Soil-Science-Society-of-America CY OCT 28, 1991 CL DENVER, CO SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER, DIV S5, SOIL SCI SOC AMER, COUNCIL HIST SOIL SCI C1 USDA,SCS,DIV SOIL SURVEY,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0081-1904 BN 0-89118-804-5 J9 SSSA SPEC PUBL PY 1994 IS 33 BP 99 EP 109 PG 11 WC Geology; Paleontology; Soil Science SC Geology; Paleontology; Agriculture GA BA26Z UT WOS:A1994BA26Z00006 ER PT J AU MATZ, JM BLAKE, MJ SAARI, JT BODE, AM AF MATZ, JM BLAKE, MJ SAARI, JT BODE, AM TI DIETARY COPPER DEFICIENCY REDUCES HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN CARDIOVASCULAR TISSUES SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Note DE METABOLIC STRESSORS; CATECHOLAMINE METABOLISM; CARDIAC MITOCHONDRIA ID CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY; MESSENGER-RNAS; RATS; MITOCHONDRIAL; STRESS; IRON; ENLARGEMENT; MEMBRANE; COMPLEX; LIVER AB Dietary copper deficiency impairs cardiovascular function by depression of catecholamine metabolism, and alteration of the structure and function of cardiac mitochondria. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of cellular homeostatic proteins that are induced in vascular tissue by catecholaminergic transmission after exposure to stress. We investigated the effects of dietary copper deficiency on the induction and accumulation of HSPs in several cardiovascular tissues. Stress-induced levels of aortic HSP70 mRNA were reduced in copper-deficient (CuD) rats when compared with copper-adequate (CuA) controls. Cocaine-induced HSP70 mRNA accumulation was not different between CuA and CuD rats, suggesting that reduced HSP70 levels in restrained CuD animals may result from altered catecholaminergic neurotransmission. The level of HSP60 mRNA was specifically reduced in the atria of CuD rats, which may be associated with altered mitochondrial structure and function. These results describe a novel relationship between dietary copper deficiency and the expression of highly conserved cellular stress response proteins. Loss of these essential homeostatic proteins in vascular tissue may contribute to the impairment of cardiovascular function known to accompany copper deficiency. C1 UNIV N DAKOTA,SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,BOX 9001,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. UNIV N DAKOTA,SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK44439] NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 8 IS 1 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA MV282 UT WOS:A1994MV28200014 PM 8299895 ER PT S AU MEYDANI, SN AF MEYDANI, SN BE Galli, C Simopoulos, AP Tremoli, E TI INTERACTION OF omega 3-POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS AND VITAMIN-E ON THE IMMUNE RESPONSE SO FATTY ACIDS AND LIPIDS: BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS SE WORLD REVIEW OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Congress of the International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Fatty-Acids-and-Lipids (ISSFAL) CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 1993 CL LUGANO, SWITZERLAND SP INT SOC STUDY FATTY ACIDS & LIPIDS RP MEYDANI, SN (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR IMMUNOL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0084-2230 BN 3-8055-5959-3 J9 WORLD REV NUTR DIET JI World Rev.Nutr.Diet. PY 1994 VL 75 BP 155 EP 161 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BC15M UT WOS:A1994BC15M00029 PM 7871819 ER PT J AU SHARPLEY, AN WITHERS, PJA AF SHARPLEY, AN WITHERS, PJA TI THE ENVIRONMENTALLY-SOUND MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS SO FERTILIZER RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Freshwater eutrophication is often accelerated by increased phosphorus (P) inputs, a greater share of which now come from agricultural nonpoint sources than two decades ago. Maintenance of soil P at levels sufficient for crop needs is an essential part of sustainable agriculture. However, in areas of intensive crop and livestock production in Europe and the U.S.A., P has accumulated in soils to levels that are a long-term eutrophication rather than agronomic concern. Also, changes in land management in Europe and the U.S.A. have increased the potential for P loss in surface runoff and drainage. There is, thus, a need for information on how these factors influence the loss of P in agricultural runoff. The processes controlling the build-up of P in soil, its transport in surface and subsurface drainage in dissolved and particulate forms, and their biological availability in freshwater systems, are discussed in terms of environmentally sound P management. Such management will involve identifying P sources within watersheds; targeting cost-effective remedial measures to minimize P losses; and accounting for different water quality objectives within watersheds. The means by which this can be achieved are identified and include developing soil tests to determine the relative potential for P enrichment of agricultural runoff to occur; establishing threshold soil P levels which are of environmental concern; finding alternative uses for animal manures to decrease land area limitations for application; and adopting management systems integrating measures to reduce P sources as well as runoff and erosion potential. RP SHARPLEY, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 0 TC 123 Z9 140 U1 3 U2 31 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1731 J9 FERT RES JI Fertil. Res. PY 1994 VL 39 IS 2 BP 133 EP 146 DI 10.1007/BF00750912 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA QB654 UT WOS:A1994QB65400007 ER PT J AU FRANCIS, DD SCHEPERS, JS AF FRANCIS, DD SCHEPERS, JS TI NITROGEN UPTAKE EFFICIENCY IN MAIZE PRODUCTION USING IRRIGATION WATER HIGH IN NITRATE SO FERTILIZER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GROUND WATER NITRATE; IRRIGATION N; N UPTAKE; N USE EFFICIENCY AB In order to achieve efficient use of nitrogen (N) and minimize pollution potentials, producers of irrigated maize (Zea mays L.) must make the best use of N from all sources. This study was conducted to evaluate crop utilization of nitrate in irrigation water and the effect N fertilizer has on N use efficiencies of this nitrate under irrigated maize production. The study site is representative of a large portion of the Central Platte Valley of Nebraska where ground water nitrate-N (NO3-N) concentrations over 10 mg L(-1) are common. Microplots were established to accommodate four fertilizer N rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha(-1)) receiving irrigation water containing three levels of NO3-N (0, 10, 20 mg L(-1)). Stable isotope N-15 was applied as a tracer in the irrigation water for treatments containing 10 and 20 mg L(-1) NO3-N. Plots that did not receive nitrate in the irrigation water where tagged with N-15 fertilizer as a sidedress treatment. Sidedressed N fertilizer significantly reduced irrigation-N uptake efficiencies. When residual N uptake is added to first year plant usage, total irrigation NO3-N uptake efficiencies are similar to total sidedress N fertilizer uptake efficiencies for our cropping system over the two year period. Efficiency of irrigation-N use depends on crop needs and availability of N from other sources during the irrigation season. RP FRANCIS, DD (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1731 J9 FERT RES JI Fertil. Res. PY 1994 VL 39 IS 3 BP 239 EP 244 DI 10.1007/BF00750252 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA QM618 UT WOS:A1994QM61800010 ER PT J AU MOSIER, AR AF MOSIER, AR TI NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURAL SOILS SO FERTILIZER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IPCC Workshop on Methane and Nitrous Oxide: The Other Greenhouse Gases CY FEB 03-05, 1993 CL AMERSFOORT, NETHERLANDS SP IPCC DE CONTROL OPTIONS; DENITRIFICATION; NITRIFICATION; N2O AB This paper addresses three topics related to N2O emissions from agricultural soils. First, an assessment of the current knowledge of N2O emissions from agricultural soils and the role of agricultural systems in the global N2O are discussed. Secondly, a critique on the methodology presented in the OECD/OCDE (1991) program on national inventories of N2O is presented. Finally, technical options for controlling N2O emissions from agricultural fields are discussed. The amount of N2O derived from nitrogen applied to agricultural soils from atmospheric deposition, mineral N fertilizer, animal wastes or biologically fixed N, is not accurately known. It is estimated that the world-wide N2O emitted directly from agricultural fields as a result of the deposition of all the above nitrogen sources is 2-3 Tg N annually. This amounts to 20-30% of the total N2O emitted annually from the earth's surface. An unknown, but probably significant, amount of N2O is generated indirectly in on and off farm activities associated with food production and consumption. Management options to limit direct N2O emissions from N-fertilized soils should emphasize improving N-use efficiency. Such management options include managing irrigation frequency, timing and quantity; applying N only to meet crop demand through multiple applications during the growing season or by using controlled release fertilizers; applying sufficient N only to meet crop needs; or using nitrification inhibitors. Most of these options have not been field tested. Agricultural management practices may not appreciably affect indirect N2O emissions. RP MOSIER, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 0 TC 102 Z9 108 U1 6 U2 23 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1731 J9 FERT RES JI Fertil. Res. PY 1994 VL 37 IS 3 BP 191 EP 200 DI 10.1007/BF00748937 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PD967 UT WOS:A1994PD96700004 ER PT S AU HEATH, JP HARRELL, RG KOMUVES, LG AF HEATH, JP HARRELL, RG KOMUVES, LG BE Bailey, GW GarrattReed, AJ TI IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF LACTASE IN THE BRUSH BORDER, GOLGI COMPLEX AND ENDOCYTOTIC GRANULES OF PIG JEJUNAL ENTEROCYTES SO FIFTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING - MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA/TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL MEETING - MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - ANNUAL MEETING OF THE MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the Microscopy-Society-of-America/29th Annual Meeting of the Microbeam-Analysis-Society CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 1994 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MICROSCOPY SOC AMER, MICROBEAM ANAL SOC C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,MICROSCOPY LAB,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAN FRANCISCO PRESS INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA BOX 426800, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94142-6800 SN 0424-8201 J9 PROC ANN MEET MSA PY 1994 BP 292 EP 293 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BC03U UT WOS:A1994BC03U00146 ER PT S AU WERGIN, WP ROY, S ERBE, EF MURPHY, CA POOLEY, CD AF WERGIN, WP ROY, S ERBE, EF MURPHY, CA POOLEY, CD BE Bailey, GW GarrattReed, AJ TI OBSERVATIONS OF THICK AND THIN SECTIONS IN A FIELD-EMISSION SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE SO FIFTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING - MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA/TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL MEETING - MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - ANNUAL MEETING OF THE MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the Microscopy-Society-of-America/29th Annual Meeting of the Microbeam-Analysis-Society CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 1994 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MICROSCOPY SOC AMER, MICROBEAM ANAL SOC C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAN FRANCISCO PRESS INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA BOX 426800, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94142-6800 SN 0424-8201 J9 PROC ANN MEET MSA PY 1994 BP 1018 EP 1019 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BC03U UT WOS:A1994BC03U00509 ER PT S AU TRAN, HC AF TRAN, HC BE Fowell, AJ TI SIMULATING WALL AND CORNER FIRE TESTS ON WOOD PRODUCTS WITH THE OSU ROOM FIRE MODEL SO FIRE AND FLAMMABILITY OF FURNISHINGS AND CONTENTS OF BUILDINGS SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Fire and Flammability of Furnishings and Contents of Buildings CY DEC 07, 1992 CL MIAMI, FL SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM FIRE STAND, SUBCOMM RES DE FIRE MODELS; VALIDATION; PREDICTIVE CAPABILITY C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1889-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1994 VL 1233 BP 153 EP 168 DI 10.1520/STP12955S PG 16 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BA28J UT WOS:A1994BA28J00010 ER PT J AU WARREN, ML BURR, BM AF WARREN, ML BURR, BM TI STATUS OF FRESH-WATER FISHES OF THE UNITED-STATES - OVERVIEW OF AN IMPERILED FAUNA SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Conservation biologists have begun a concerted effort to educate the public, resource administrators, and politicians about the decline of temperate ecosystems, including their fishes. The United States harbors the most diverse temperate freshwater fish fauna in the world with about 790 species represented, about 90% of which are nongame fishes. From a state-by-state perspective, diversity of fishes in the United States is concentrated in the South, primarily in Alabama, Kentucky, Georgia, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Virginia, each of which supports at least 200 native fish species. Endemicity of fishes ig high in both the South and West; in the latter region, up to 70% of fishes in some drainages (e.g., Colorado River) are endemic. Imperilment apparently is not confined to particular taxonomic groups. Of the five most diverse fish families in the United States, total imperilment ranges from 7% in the Centrarchidae to 50% in nonanadromous salmonids and indicates widespread and pervasive degradation of aquatic habitats. Imperilment is most acute in areas of high diversity and/or endemicity (i.e., the southern and western states). States with 20 or more imperiled fishes include Alabama, Arizona, California, Georgia, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oregon, Virginia, Tennessee, and Texas. Backlogs in listing species as federally threatened or endangered are most egregious (10 or more backlogged taxa) in Alabama, Georgia, Nevada, and Tennessee. RP WARREN, ML (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,FOREST HYDROL LAB,POB 947,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 0 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JAN PY 1994 VL 19 IS 1 BP 6 EP 17 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(1994)019<0006:SOFFOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MQ523 UT WOS:A1994MQ52300002 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, CD AF WILLIAMS, CD TI AQUATIC RESOURCES AND THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT SO FISHERIES LA English DT Review RP WILLIAMS, CD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NATL FISHERIES & AQUAT RESOURCES PROGRAM,14TH & INDEPENDENCE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20090, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JAN PY 1994 VL 19 IS 1 BP 19 EP 21 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MQ523 UT WOS:A1994MQ52300003 ER PT J AU DEIBEL, B AF DEIBEL, B TI HOFFMAN TRIBUTE SO FISHERIES LA English DT Letter RP DEIBEL, B (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,CLACKAMAS RANGER DISTRICT,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JAN PY 1994 VL 19 IS 1 BP 47 EP 47 PG 1 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MQ523 UT WOS:A1994MQ52300012 ER PT J AU BECNEL, J AF BECNEL, J TI LIFE-CYCLES AND HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIPS OF MICROSPORIDIA IN CULICINE MOSQUITOS SO FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE TAXONOMY; TRANSMISSION; ULTRASTRUCTURE ID HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION; CULEX-ANNULIROSTRIS; AEDES-CANTATOR; SP-NOV; AMBLYOSPORIDAE; INTERMEDIATE; DIPTERA; KUDO AB Heterosporous (polymorphic) microsporidia in mosquitoes are characterized by intricate life cycles involving multiple spore types responsible for horizontal (per os) and vertical (transovarial transmission. They affect two generations of the mosquito and some involve an obligate intermediate host. Heterosporous microsporidia are generally very host and tissue specific with complex developmental sequences comprised of unique stages and events. Full details on the intricate relationships between heterosporous microsporidia and their mosquito hosts have only recently been elucidated. Edhazardia aedis (Kudo. 1930) and Culicospora magna (Kudo. 1920) have developmental sequences in larvae that involve gametogony followed by plasmogamy and nuclear association to form diplokarya. These diplokaryotic stages then undergo karyogamy and form binucleate spores responsible for transovarial transmission. In the filial generation, haplosis occurs as a result of nuclear dissociation to produce uninucleate spores infectious to larval mosquitoes. Amblyospora californica (Kellen et Lipa, 1960) has similar sequences except that haplosis is by meiosis to produce spores infectious for a copepod intermediate host. A third spore type is formed in the intermediate host responsible for infection in a new generation of the mosquito host. RP BECNEL, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 31 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC, INST PARASITOLOGY PI CESKE BUDEJOVICE PA BRANISOVSKA 31, CESKE BUDEJOVICE, CZECH REPUBLIC 370 05 SN 0015-5683 J9 FOLIA PARASIT JI Folia Parasitol. PY 1994 VL 41 IS 2 BP 91 EP 96 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA PD833 UT WOS:A1994PD83300002 PM 7927065 ER PT J AU MCCUTCHEON, J AF MCCUTCHEON, J TI NUTRITION LABELING INITIATIVE SO FOOD AND DRUG LAW JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP MCCUTCHEON, J (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,REGULATORY PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD DRUG LAW INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1000 VERMONT AVE NW, SUITE 1200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4903 SN 0015-6361 J9 FOOD DRUG LAW J JI Food Drug Law J. PY 1994 VL 49 IS 2 BP 409 EP 414 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Food Science & Technology; Government & Law; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA PP637 UT WOS:A1994PP63700008 ER PT J AU BETT, KL VERCELLOTTI, JR LOVEGREN, NV SANDERS, TH HINSCH, RT RASMUSSEN, GK AF BETT, KL VERCELLOTTI, JR LOVEGREN, NV SANDERS, TH HINSCH, RT RASMUSSEN, GK TI A COMPARISON OF THE FLAVOR AND COMPOSITIONAL QUALITY OF PEANUTS FROM SEVERAL ORIGINS SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DESCRIPTIVE FLAVOR; MATURITY AB The flavor and biochemical quality of peanuts obtained from Argentina, China, and USA for the crop years 1986, 1987, and 1988 were evaluated for composition, descriptive sensory properties and gas chromatographic volatiles. Roasted peanutty flavor was more intense in USA-grown peanuts, and fruity/fermented, an undesirable flavor, was less intense in USA-grown peanuts than peanuts from the other two origins. Flavor attributes in Argentina-grown peanuts varied more among crop years than the others. Similar patterns occurred for the corresponding volatile compounds. Sugar content was greater, while lipid and Kjeldahl nitrogen contents were less in the Argentina-grown peanuts than peanuts from the other two origins. C1 USDA ARS,MQHR,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,EMC,3029 AK ROTTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RP BETT, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PY 1994 VL 51 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1016/0308-8146(94)90042-6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA PB584 UT WOS:A1994PB58400005 ER PT J AU BENSHALOM, N GROSS, KC CONWAY, WS PINTO, R LIVSEY, JN AF BENSHALOM, N GROSS, KC CONWAY, WS PINTO, R LIVSEY, JN TI EFFECT OF WATER-CONTENT ON SENSITIVITY AND STABILITY OF THE M-PHENYLPHENOL URONIC-ACID ASSAY SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note AB The influence of climate and hence analytical environment on the uronic acid assay of Blumenkrantz and Asboe-Hansen (Anal. Biochem., 54 (1973) 484-9) is described. Instability of diagnostic chromophore is attributed to variations in the water content of the sulfuric acid-tetraborate reagent used. Water, when added to the sulfuric acid-tetraborate reagent to a final concentration of 1-10% (v/v), caused a significant reduction in color intensity developed by the m-phenylphenol reagent. The acid-tetraborate reagent absorbed water from the atmosphere under high relative humidity (RH), owing to its high (85% v/v) sulfuric acid contents. Absorption of water by the reagent increased as RH and temperature increased, and color intensity correspondingly decreased. Exposure of the acid-tetraborate reagent to 25 degrees C and 99% RH for 24 h caused a 30% decrease in chromophore intensity. This phenomenon was prevented by decreasing the aqueous sample size in the assay from 200 to 100 mu l. To maximize stability of the reaction, the reagent should be stored under N-2 in a tightly sealed bottle. Also, in particularly hot and humid geographic locations, the aqueous sample size should be reduced by one-half. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BENSHALOM, N (reprint author), AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,INST TECHNOL & STORAGE AGR PROD,DEPT FOOD SCI,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PY 1994 VL 50 IS 1 BP 99 EP 101 DI 10.1016/0308-8146(94)90101-5 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA NC334 UT WOS:A1994NC33400019 ER PT J AU VERCELLOTTI, JR MUNCHAUSEN, LL SANDERS, TH GAREGG, PJ SEFFERS, P AF VERCELLOTTI, JR MUNCHAUSEN, LL SANDERS, TH GAREGG, PJ SEFFERS, P TI CONFIRMATION OF SUGARS AND REDUCTONES IN COMPLEX PEANUT FLAVOR PRECURSOR EXTRACTS BY ION CHROMATOGRAPHY AND METHYLATION ANALYSIS SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIPID OXIDATION; POLYSACCHARIDES; FOODS; STARCH; SEED AB As confirmation of ion chromatographic determination of sugars and reductones in complex, mixtures of peanut flavor precursors, extracts from defatted samples were derivatized as methylated alditol acetates to identify and semi-quantitate them by GC-MS. To obtain maximum information about a sugar/reductone sample, the ion chromatography/integrated pulsed amperometric detection (I.C.-I.P.A.D.) data from carbohydrate extracts (80% ethanol) of defatted raw peanuts were further elucidated by GC-MS chromatograms of the derivatives. The technique was tested on a set of samples from one crop year representing stages of peanut maturity and turnover of metabolites during postharvest maturation and curing. Although there are many interfering substances in the ion chromatography such as amino acids, peptides, tannin, and carboxylic acids, the GC-MS total ion chromatograms of the characteristic methylated derivatives confirm relative quantities as well as identities of the reductone/sugar components separated as ion chromatography peaks. The results indicated depletion of sugars and reductones from immature peanuts during the curing process and stabilization of mature peanuts at a much lower level of reactive reductone precursors. The present study should also be applicable in food chemistry to other flavor precursor studies involving mixtures of sugars and reductones. C1 SE LOUISIANA UNIV,DEPT CHEM & PHYS,HAMMOND,LA 70402. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT FOOD SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV STOCKHOLM,DEPT ORGAN CHEM,ARRHENIUS LAB,S-10691 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. RP VERCELLOTTI, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PY 1994 VL 50 IS 3 BP 221 EP 230 DI 10.1016/0308-8146(94)90125-2 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA NN656 UT WOS:A1994NN65600001 ER PT J AU SPANIER, AM BOYLSTON, TD AF SPANIER, AM BOYLSTON, TD TI EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE ANALYSIS OF BEEF FLAVOR VOLATILES - FOCUS ON CARBONYL AND SULFUR-CONTAINING-COMPOUNDS SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL GENERATION; MEAT AB This paper demonstrates that the volatile flavor profiles from cooked and cooked/stored ground beef are directly affected by and related to the purge temperature for volatile isolation. Minimal analytical efficacy and recovery are seen when the samples are purged at 50 degrees C. This is thought to arise from inefficient extraction of flavor volatiles. Different and potentially misleading chromatographic profiles are obtained when the samples are purged at 100 degrees C. This response is thought to be due to conversion of one volatile species to another. Optimal extraction and limited conversion of the volatiles are seen at a temperature of 75 degrees C. The data clearly suggest that a more accurate picture of food volatile composition and, therefore, potential flavor can best be appreciated by a thorough examination and understanding of the effect of temperature on the development and content of these volatile mixtures. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP SPANIER, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PY 1994 VL 50 IS 3 BP 251 EP 259 DI 10.1016/0308-8146(94)90129-5 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA NN656 UT WOS:A1994NN65600005 ER PT J AU SOTHEESWARAN, S SHARIF, MR MOREAU, RA PIAZZA, GJ AF SOTHEESWARAN, S SHARIF, MR MOREAU, RA PIAZZA, GJ TI LIPIDS FROM THE SEEDS OF 7 FIJIAN PLANT-SPECIES SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Lipids have been isolated from the seeds of seven plants indigenous to Fiji. The fatty acid essential to human growth, linoleic acid, was found to be the main fatty acid in the seeds of three, namely, A. pavonina, A moluccana, and S. taccada. Seeds of A. pavonina contained two longer-chain fatty acids, lignoceric acid (24:0) (30.3 mol%) and cerotic acid (26:0) (7.5 mol%), which were characterised by GC-MS. The seed oil of A. moluccana seems unique in that it contains high levels of the fatty acids 18:2 (43.8 mol%) and 18:3 (25.8 mol%) and was the only seed oil to contain gamma-tocopherol. The seed oil of D. vitiense was the only oil that contained delta-tocopherol. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP SOTHEESWARAN, S (reprint author), UNIV S PACIFIC,SCH PURE & APPL SCI,SUVA,FIJI. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PY 1994 VL 49 IS 1 BP 11 EP 13 DI 10.1016/0308-8146(94)90225-9 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA MF405 UT WOS:A1994MF40500002 ER PT J AU STERN, DJ BUTTERY, RG TERANISHI, R LING, L SCOTT, K CANTWELL, M AF STERN, DJ BUTTERY, RG TERANISHI, R LING, L SCOTT, K CANTWELL, M TI EFFECT OF STORAGE AND RIPENING ON FRESH TOMATO QUALITY .1. SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AROMA VOLATILES; FLAVOR AB Four varieties of fresh tomato were grown, stored and treated under commercial conditions to assess the effects of storage and ripening conditions on tomato taste and flavor. The qualitative and quantitative changes in values for volatiles, non-volatiles and physical characteristics were determined. The results are reported in two parts. This report discusses the effects of storage temperature and ethylene treatment on changes in the concentrations of 32 tomato volatiles with results expressed in terms of Odor Units (Uo) in order to best approximate human aroma effect. A second report discusses all other parameters along with general statistical analysis. The average Odor Unit value for each of the tracked analytes showed that only half the tracked volatiles were present in concentrations great enough to contribute to over-all aroma. Statistical analysis by Anova showed that the levels of ail significant volatiles, except methyl salicylate, can be correlated to changes in storage conditions. The generation of volatiles decreases significantly with storage and ripening temperatures below 10 degrees but the final ripening temperature is the most significant factor in determining levels of volatiles produced. If final ripening temperatures are raised to 20 degrees for tomatoes initially stored at 10 degrees or less, volatiles are produced at a level comparable to tomatoes stored above 10 degrees. When final ripening takes place at temperatures below 10 degrees volatile production is curtailed. C1 AGSCI INC,SACRAMENTO,CA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP STERN, DJ (reprint author), USDA,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 12 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PY 1994 VL 49 IS 3 BP 225 EP 231 DI 10.1016/0308-8146(94)90164-3 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA MY005 UT WOS:A1994MY00500004 ER PT S AU PERCHELLET, JP GALI, HU PERCHELLET, EM LAKS, PE BOTTARI, V HEMINGWAY, RW SCALBERT, A AF PERCHELLET, JP GALI, HU PERCHELLET, EM LAKS, PE BOTTARI, V HEMINGWAY, RW SCALBERT, A BE Huang, MT Osawa, T Ho, CT Rosen, RT TI ANTITUMOR-PROMOTING EFFECTS OF GALLOTANNINS, ELLAGITANNINS, AND FLAVONOIDS IN MOUSE SKIN IN-VIVO SO FOOD PHYTOCHEMICALS FOR CANCER PREVENTION I: FRUITS AND VEGETABLES SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review ID ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY; OCCURRING PLANT PHENOLS; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; ESTER TUMOR PROMOTERS; ELLAGIC ACID; TANNIC-ACID; SENCAR MICE; XENOBIOTIC METABOLISM; EPIDERMIS INVIVO; GREEN TEA AB Hydrolyzable (HTs) and condensed tannins (CTs) were tested topically for their ability to inhibit the biochemical and biological effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in mouse epidermis in vivo. Overall, commercial tannic acid (TA), ellagic acid (EA), and n-propyl gallate (PG) inhibit the promotion of skin papillomas and carcinomas by TPA in relation with their ability to inhibit TPA-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, hydroperoxide (HPx) production, and DNA synthesis. Pure pentagalloylglucose, castalagin, vescalagin, catechin dialkyl ketals, and epicatechin-4-alkylsulphides or heterogenous sumac leaf TA, Aleppo gall TA, tara pod TA, loblolly pine bark CT, guamuchil bark CT, and southern red oak bark CT also inhibit these biochemical markers of TPA promotion to various degrees. When applied to initiated skin 20 min before each promotion treatment, the different TA samples all remarkably inhibit complete tumor promotion by TPA. Sumac leaf TA is the most effective. The antitumor-promoting activity of a TA pretreatment can be further enhanced by the application of TA 24 h after each promotion treatment with TPA. Commercial TA and Aleppo gall TA inhibit the second stage of tumor promotion by mezerein but not the first stage of tumor promotion by TPA. Therefore, tannins in general might be valuable to prevent and/or inhibit tumor propagation, the only reversible stage of tumorigenesis. C1 MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV, WOOD RES INST, HOUGHTON, MI 49931 USA. SILVA SRL, I-12080 SAN MICHELE MONDO, ITALY. US FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, PINEVILLE, LA 71360 USA. INST NATL AGRON PARIS GRIGNON, INRA, CHIM BIOL LAB, F-78850 THIVERVAL GRIGNON, FRANCE. RP PERCHELLET, JP (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI, DIV BIOL, ANTICANC DRUG LAB, ACKERT HALL, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2768-3 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1994 VL 546 BP 303 EP 327 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Research & Experimental Medicine; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BA14P UT WOS:A1994BA14P00025 ER PT B AU PARK, B CHEN, YR AF PARK, B CHEN, YR GP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS TI INTENSIFIED MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEM FOR POULTRY CARCASS INSPECTION SO FOOD PROCESSING AUTOMATION III SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd National Food Processing Automation Conference (EFAC III) CY FEB 09-12, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, FOOD & PROCESS ENGN INST DE IMAGE ANALYSIS; REFLECTANCE; INTENSITY; CHICKEN; SEPTICEMIC; CADAVER; CLASSIFICATION; NEURAL NETWORK C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-44-X J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 1 BP 97 EP 106 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA BC39E UT WOS:A1994BC39E00012 ER PT B AU CHANG, CS CONVERSE, HH STEELE, JL AF CHANG, CS CONVERSE, HH STEELE, JL GP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS TI MODELING OF MOISTURE CONTENT OF GRAIN DURING STORAGE WITH AERATION SO FOOD PROCESSING AUTOMATION III SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd National Food Processing Automation Conference (EFAC III) CY FEB 09-12, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, FOOD & PROCESS ENGN INST DE MODELING; GRAIN MOISTURE CONTENT; GRAIN STORAGE; AERATION C1 USDA ASRS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-44-X J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 1 BP 200 EP 212 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA BC39E UT WOS:A1994BC39E00024 ER PT B AU CHEN, YR PARK, B AF CHEN, YR PARK, B GP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS TI ADAPTIVE PATTERN RECOGNITION FOR CLASSIFYING VISIBLE NIR REFLECTANCE SPECTRA OF POULTRY CARCASSES SO FOOD PROCESSING AUTOMATION III SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd National Food Processing Automation Conference (EFAC III) CY FEB 09-12, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, FOOD & PROCESS ENGN INST DE NEURAL-NETWORKS; LINEAR-VECTOR-QUANTIZATION; COUNTERPROPAGATION; FEEDFORWARD-BACKPROPAGATION; SELF-ORGANIZATION-MAP BACKPROPAGATION; SEPTICEMIA; CADAVER; CHICKEN C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-44-X J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 1 BP 401 EP 412 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA BC39E UT WOS:A1994BC39E00046 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, RH BECKER, R MOSSMAN, AP GRAY, GM WHITEHAND, LC AF EDWARDS, RH BECKER, R MOSSMAN, AP GRAY, GM WHITEHAND, LC TI TWIN-SCREW EXTRUSION-COOKING OF SMALL WHITE BEANS (PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS) SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID HIGH STARCH FRACTIONS; HIGH PROTEIN-FRACTIONS; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; AIR CLASSIFICATION; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; LINEAR-REGRESSION; FEED MOISTURE; CORN MEAL; NAVY; TEMPERATURE AB Dry small white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were ground and processed through a twin-screw extruder using three screw configurations of increasing energy intensity. Products were made over a moisture range of 150-250 g/kg, and barrel temperatures of 56-184-degrees-C. Results were examined by means of response surface methodology. Extrudate properties were significantly dependent (P < 0.10) on both the screw configuration and extrusion conditions used. In general, as the energy intensity of the configuration increased, expansion ratio, starting viscosity and hot viscosity increased, while bulk density, ending viscosity, and trypsin inhibitor activity decreased. All properties could be mathematically described as a function of the feed moisture content, the die temperature, and the specific mechanical energy consumption (SME) in Wh/kg, as determined on an 'as is' basis. R2 and overall P values ranged from 0.708-0.999 and 0.001-0.40, respectively. Residual trypsin inhibitor activity in the extruded products was low (<15%), and values below 10% were easily obtained. Trace amounts of ungelatinized starch granules could be found in all samples. C1 USDA ARS,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP EDWARDS, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1994 VL 27 IS 5 BP 472 EP 481 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA PL904 UT WOS:A1994PL90400011 ER PT J AU SESSA, DJ NELSEN, TC AF SESSA, DJ NELSEN, TC TI THERMAL-STABILITY OF SOY STORAGE PROTEINS IN CRACKED BEANS HYDRATED WITH A VARIETY OF SALTS SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID DENATURATION; INACTIVATION; INHIBITORS; SOYBEANS; GLYCININ AB Various salt solutions used to hydrate full-fat cracked soybeans affected the thermal stability of both beta-conglycinin (7S) and glycinin (11S) storage proteins when examined by differential scanning calorimetry used to monitor both denaturation temperature (T(d)) and enthalpy (DELTAH). As salt ionic strength (mu) increased, the moisture in the hydrated beans decreased. When beans were hydrated with water only, heat stability of both storage proteins increased with moisture decrease. No change in DELTAH was observed. Since all salt treatments showed similar decreases in moisture with increased mu no adjustment for moisture effects was needed. Except for Na2CO3 all salt hydrations gave increased protein thermal stability. Ranking of salts according to ability to stabilize soy storage proteins at mu = 1.2 were: for beta-conglycinin, NaH2PO4 > NaC2H3O2 > NaCl > Na2S2O5 > Na2SO3 > Na2SO4 > Na2CO3 > CaCl2; for glycinin, NaC2H3O2 > NaH2PO4 > NaCl > Na2SO4 > Na2S2O5 > Na2SO3 > CaCl2 > Na2CO3. The DELTAH's of the first two salts in the 7S series and the first three in the 11S series were significantly higher than either moisture alone or all other salt treatments. When salt treatment data were evaluated on a molar concentration rather than mu, the neutral salt hydrations followed the lyotropic series for stabilization of proteins. Responses of both beta-conglycinin and glycinin differed slightly. These differences were attributed to differences in electrostatic profile and response to water availability for these proteins. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOMETR SERV,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP SESSA, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1994 VL 27 IS 6 BP 556 EP 563 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA QA594 UT WOS:A1994QA59400008 ER PT J AU BUTTERY, RG TAKEOKA, GR KRAMMER, GE LING, LC AF BUTTERY, RG TAKEOKA, GR KRAMMER, GE LING, LC TI IDENTIFICATION OF 2,5-DIMETHYL-4-HYDROXY-3(2H)-FURANONE (FURANEOL) AND 5-METHYL-4-HYDROXY-3(2H)-FURANONE IN FRESH AND PROCESSED TOMATO SO FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT & TECHNOLOGIE LA English DT Note AB The water-soluble volatile components of fresh tomatoes were isolated by liquid-liquid continuous ether extraction of filtered blended tomato and separated from non-volatiles by high flow dynamic headspace sampling, after careful evaporation of the ether. Capillary GC-MS analysis identified the important aroma compound 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (furaneol) and the related compound 5-methyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone occurring in the fresh tomato at concentrations of the order of 2 mg and 10 mg/kg of tomato respectively. From the odor threshold and concentration evidence it seems probable that Furaneol contributes to fresh and processed tomato aroma. RP BUTTERY, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 8 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0023-6438 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL-LEB JI Food Sci. Technol.-Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. PY 1994 VL 27 IS 6 BP 592 EP 594 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA QA594 UT WOS:A1994QA59400016 ER PT J AU MCHUGH, TH KROCHTA, JM AF MCHUGH, TH KROCHTA, JM TI MILK-PROTEIN-BASED EDIBLE FILMS AND COATINGS SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY; TRANSGLUTAMINASE C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. US ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA. NR 46 TC 174 Z9 182 U1 2 U2 14 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 48 IS 1 BP 97 EP 103 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA MU211 UT WOS:A1994MU21100012 ER PT B AU BUXTON, DR FALES, SL AF BUXTON, DR FALES, SL BE Fahey, GC TI PLANT ENVIRONMENT AND QUALITY SO FORAGE QUALITY, EVALUATION, AND UTILIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Conference on Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization CY APR 13-15, 1994 CL UNIV NEBRASKA, LINCOLN, NE HO UNIV NEBRASKA RP BUXTON, DR (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 0 TC 106 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-119-9 PY 1994 BP 155 EP 199 PG 45 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BA14N UT WOS:A1994BA14N00004 ER PT B AU BRODERICK, GA AF BRODERICK, GA BE Fahey, GC TI QUANTIFYING FORAGE PROTEIN-QUALITY SO FORAGE QUALITY, EVALUATION, AND UTILIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Conference on Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization CY APR 13-15, 1994 CL UNIV NEBRASKA, LINCOLN, NE HO UNIV NEBRASKA RP BRODERICK, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 0 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-119-9 PY 1994 BP 200 EP 228 PG 29 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BA14N UT WOS:A1994BA14N00005 ER PT B AU BACON, CW AF BACON, CW BE Fahey, GC TI FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES, OTHER FUNGI, AND THEIR METABOLITES AS EXTRINSIC FACTORS OF GRASS QUALITY SO FORAGE QUALITY, EVALUATION, AND UTILIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Conference on Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization CY APR 13-15, 1994 CL UNIV NEBRASKA, LINCOLN, NE HO UNIV NEBRASKA RP BACON, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-119-9 PY 1994 BP 318 EP 366 PG 49 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BA14N UT WOS:A1994BA14N00008 ER PT B AU MERTENS, DR AF MERTENS, DR BE Fahey, GC TI REGULATION OF FORAGE INTAKE SO FORAGE QUALITY, EVALUATION, AND UTILIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Conference on Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization CY APR 13-15, 1994 CL UNIV NEBRASKA, LINCOLN, NE HO UNIV NEBRASKA RP MERTENS, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 0 TC 390 Z9 446 U1 1 U2 19 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-119-9 PY 1994 BP 450 EP 493 PG 44 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BA14N UT WOS:A1994BA14N00011 ER PT B AU ROTZ, CA MUCK, RE AF ROTZ, CA MUCK, RE BE Fahey, GC TI CHANGES IN FORAGE QUALITY DURING HARVEST AND STORAGE SO FORAGE QUALITY, EVALUATION, AND UTILIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Conference on Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization CY APR 13-15, 1994 CL UNIV NEBRASKA, LINCOLN, NE HO UNIV NEBRASKA RP ROTZ, CA (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,USDA ARS,206 FARRALL HALL,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 0 TC 92 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-119-9 PY 1994 BP 828 EP 868 PG 41 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BA14N UT WOS:A1994BA14N00020 ER PT B AU VOGEL, KP SLEPER, DA AF VOGEL, KP SLEPER, DA BE Fahey, GC TI ALTERATION OF PLANTS VIA GENETICS AND PLANT-BREEDING SO FORAGE QUALITY, EVALUATION, AND UTILIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Conference on Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization CY APR 13-15, 1994 CL UNIV NEBRASKA, LINCOLN, NE HO UNIV NEBRASKA RP VOGEL, KP (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,344 KEIM HALL,POB 830937,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 0 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 BN 0-89118-119-9 PY 1994 BP 891 EP 921 PG 31 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BA14N UT WOS:A1994BA14N00022 ER PT J AU MAGUIRE, DA MOEUR, M BENNETT, WS AF MAGUIRE, DA MOEUR, M BENNETT, WS TI MODELS FOR DESCRIBING BASAL DIAMETER AND VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION OF PRIMARY BRANCHES IN YOUNG DOUGLAS-FIR SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID STAND DENSITY; GROWTH; EQUATIONS; QUALITY; FOLIAGE; STEM; COMPETITION; DURATION; SAPLINGS; SPRUCE AB Branching pattern and branch dynamics are closely related to the ecophysiological processes of growth in young plantations and influence the quality of wood recovered from the boles of crop trees. A system of equations was constructed to estimate the number, diameter, and distribution of primary branches along the stems of young Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees before crown closure. One to 11 annual shoots forming part of the lower main stem were sampled from each of 189 Douglas-fir trees; these annual shoots served as the basic modeling unit. Within each annual shoot, relative branch diameter was expressed as a function of relative depth in the shoot, maximum diameter was predicted as a function of depth into crown, branch number was expressed as a function of shoot length, and branch distribution was reconstructed from the average relative branch frequency over relative shoot depth. Predicted branch diameter and branch distribution on 21 trees from a validation data set highlighted the strengths and weaknesses of the described prediction system. Specifically, some variation in number of branches and, to a lesser extent, relative branch distribution, within an annual shoot was evident among sites. Overall, the system was successful in representing the trends and inherent variability in branch basal diameter and vertical distribution. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843. NR 77 TC 70 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 63 IS 1 BP 23 EP 55 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(94)90245-3 PG 33 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MV774 UT WOS:A1994MV77400003 ER PT J AU GARCIAMONTIEL, DC SCATENA, FN AF GARCIAMONTIEL, DC SCATENA, FN TI THE EFFECT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY ON THE STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF A TROPICAL FOREST IN PUERTO-RICO SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BARRO-COLORADO ISLAND; GROWTH; PANAMA; AGE AB From European settlement to the 1940s, the Bisley watersheds of the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico, were used for agroforestry, selective logging, charcoal production, and timber management. Each of these activities affected different parts of the landscape in different ways and at different times. After nearly 50 years of unhindered regeneration, six impacts remain apparent: (1) shifts in the dominance and age structure of canopy species; (2) immigration of subcanopy crop species and the establishment of banana as a riparian dominant; (3) increases in the importance of canopy species used for coffee shade; (4) the impoverishment of certain commercial timber species; (5) an increase in the density of palms around abandoned charcoal kilns; (6) a reduction in the regeneration of canopy species around abandoned charcoal kilns. Changes in the above-ground nutrient pool may also have occurred. Human disturbances in the study site were progressive rather than discrete events, had adverse impacts on forest regeneration, and increased the spatial heterogeneity of the forest. C1 UNIV PUERTO RICO,DEPT BIOL,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00931. US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,SO FOREST EXPT STN,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. NR 47 TC 84 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 63 IS 1 BP 57 EP 78 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(94)90246-1 PG 22 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MV774 UT WOS:A1994MV77400004 ER PT J AU GROOM, LH AF GROOM, LH TI EFFECT OF MOISTURE CYCLING ON TRUSS-PLATE JOINT BEHAVIOR SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TENSION AB The structural performance of wood trusses, which are now commonplace in light-frame construction, is dictated in part by the mechanical properties of the truss-plate joints. However, little information exists quantifying the effect of environmental conditions on truss-plate joint properties. The main objective of this paper was to quantify the effect of moisture cycling on the mechanical properties of truss-plate joints. A secondary objective was to evaluate the possibility of retarding the degenerative effects of moisture cycling by means of an adhesive applied to the teeth of the truss plate immediately before assembly. The results indicate that mild moisture cycling decreases truss-plate joint strength and stiffness by approximately twice that of specimens subjected to a constant moisture content. More severe moisture cycling accelerated this decrease by a factor of about three. Addition of an adhesive to the teeth decreased plate backout and increased the mechanical properties of the truss-plate joints. The increase in initial stiffness caused by the adhesive was minimal after moisture cycling, and the improvement in ultimate load remained substantial even after eight severe moisture cycles. RP GROOM, LH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,2500 SHREVEPORT HWY,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 44 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MR459 UT WOS:A1994MR45900004 ER PT J AU VICK, CB AF VICK, CB TI PHENOLIC ADHESIVE BONDS TO ASPEN VENEERS TREATED WITH AMINO-RESIN FIRE RETARDANTS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FORMALDEHYDE AB Structural failures of fire-retardant-treated wood may be caused by hydrolysis of the wood by acidic fire retardants. Amino-resin fire retardants are acidic, but they are believed to minimize the risk of failure from acid hydrolysis. The purpose of this study was to determine if a phenolic-based adhesive bonding system could produce strong and highly durable bonds to aspen veneers treated with urea/dicyandiamide/phosphoric acid/formaldehyde (UDPF) fire retardant, which is an amino-resin fire retardant, and with UDPF fire retardant combined with didecyldi methylammonium chloride (DDAC) preservative. The aspen veneers were pressure treated with appropriate molar ratios of UDPF at total retentions of 6.0 and 9.0 lb./ft.3 (96 and 144 kg/m3). To improve adhesion, water solutions of Na2CO3 and NaOH were applied as surface treatments before bonding. Integrity of the bonds was determined from wet wood failure and shear strength. Two of the three phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesives tested developed bonds of high wet wood failure and shear strength on aspen veneers treated with an amino-resin fire retardant -but only when a surface treatment was used. When 0.6 lb./ft.3 (9.6 kg/m3) of DDAC was combined with UDPF at the same retention levels, adhesion of the PF adhesives was poor and the two alkaline surface treatments were ineffective at improving adhesion. Concentration of nonpolar alkyl groups of DDAC at the surface of the wood interfered with penetration of polar PF adhesives. RP VICK, CB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 44 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MR459 UT WOS:A1994MR45900006 ER PT J AU SOLTIS, LA RAMMER, DR AF SOLTIS, LA RAMMER, DR TI SHEAR-STRENGTH OF UNCHECKED GLUED-LAMINATED BEAMS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The allowable stress in shear is derived from shear tests of small clear shear blocks, but the shear strength of shear blocks is much greater than the shear strength of larger beams. In this study, glued-laminated beams were tested to determine shear strength. These specimens were tested in the five-point bending test configuration. Shear blocks were cut from the beam after failure and tested for shear strength. From these tests, a relationship between shear strength and beam size was developed that uses American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) shear block strength as a basis. The recommended relationship is based on test results for a number of sizes of Douglas-fir and southern pine unchecked glued-laminated beams. This recommendation also includes the stress concentration factor to account for the effects of the re-entrant corner in the ASTM shear block specimen. RP SOLTIS, LA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 44 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MR459 UT WOS:A1994MR45900009 ER PT J AU YING, L KRETSCHMANN, DE BENDTSEN, BA AF YING, L KRETSCHMANN, DE BENDTSEN, BA TI LONGITUDINAL SHRINKAGE IN FAST-GROWN LOBLOLLY-PINE PLANTATION WOOD SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Genetically improved trees or trees from selected seed stock may grow so fast in intensively managed plantations that they reach sawtimber size in 25 to 30 years or less. Trees harvested at this age contain high proportions of juvenilewood, which when used in solid form, may exhibit excessive longitudinal shrinkage; this adversely affects dimensional stability of wood-based products. This paper provides basic information about loblolly pine longitudinal shrinkage (LS) characteristics, age-LS profiles, and relationships between LS and anatomical properties. Segmented regression equations were developed to describe the relationships between microfibril angle (FA) and age, LS and FA, and LS and age. For this data set, the following were concluded: 1) measured parameters of specific gravity (SG), percentage of earlywood, and FA are sensitive to age; 2) the drier the material, the greater the change in LS for a given change in moisture content, and the younger the material, the greater the variability in LS; 3) LS negatively correlates with SG and positively correlates with percentage of earlywood; 4) stepwise multiple regression indicates that SG and FA would be the best predictors of LS; and 5) a robust regression technique using the relationship between FA and age can predict LS from age. C1 RES INST WOOD IND,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 4 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 44 IS 1 BP 58 EP 62 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MR459 UT WOS:A1994MR45900010 ER PT J AU SIMPSON, WT LOEHNERTZ, SP AF SIMPSON, WT LOEHNERTZ, SP TI RESISTANCE MOISTURE METER CORRECTION FACTOR FOR PACIFIC YEW SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB The species correction factor for Pacific yew was determined for an electrical resistance-type moisture meter. Addition of 1.4 to 2.0 percent moisture content (MC) to meter readings between 8 and 25 percent will correct values to the true MC. The 95 percent confidence intervals for true MC as a function of meter reading are +/- 0.75 percent MC or less, depending on meter reading. RP SIMPSON, WT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 44 IS 1 BP 63 EP 64 PG 2 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MR459 UT WOS:A1994MR45900011 ER PT B AU AGARWAL, UP RALPH, SA ATALLA, RH AF AGARWAL, UP RALPH, SA ATALLA, RH BE Yu, NT Li, XY TI Relative sensitivity of lignin models in Raman spectroscopy SO FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Raman Spectroscopy CY AUG 22-26, 1994 CL HONG KONG, HONG KONG SP Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA BAFFINS LANE, CHICHESTER, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD BN 0-471-95216-8 PY 1994 BP 886 EP 887 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Spectroscopy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Spectroscopy GA BD55D UT WOS:A1994BD55D00412 ER PT B AU AGARWAL, UP WEINSTOCK, IW ATALLA, RH AF AGARWAL, UP WEINSTOCK, IW ATALLA, RH BE Yu, NT Li, XY TI An FT Raman study of residual lignin in kraft pulps SO FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Raman Spectroscopy CY AUG 22-26, 1994 CL HONG KONG, HONG KONG SP Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA BAFFINS LANE, CHICHESTER, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD BN 0-471-95216-8 PY 1994 BP 888 EP 889 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Spectroscopy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Spectroscopy GA BD55D UT WOS:A1994BD55D00413 ER PT S AU BLUMBERG, JB AF BLUMBERG, JB BE Armstrong, D TI INTERACTIONS BETWEEN VITAMIN-E, FREE RADICALS, AND IMMUNITY DURING THE AGING PROCESS SO FREE RADICALS IN DIAGNOSTIC MEDICINE: A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY, CLINICAL CORRELATIONS, AND ANTIOXIDANT THERAPY SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Free Radicals in Diagnostic Medicine: A Systems Approach to Laboratory Technology CY OCT 07-09, 1993 CL BUFFALO, NY SP MARION MERRELL DOW, INST RECH INT SERVIER & SERVIER INT FRANCE, EASTMAN KODAK CO, CLIN PROD DIV, LA HAYE LABS INC, DDI PHARM INC, UPJOHN LABS, CLIN RES DIV, RES INST ADDICT, SANOFI WINTHROP PHARM, ROCHE DIAGNOST SYST INC, PFIZER PHARM CO, OTSUKA AMER PHARM CO, ONO PHARM CO JAPAN, MERCK & CO INC, HUMAN HLTH DIV, HOFFMAN LA ROCHE INC, HENKEL CORP, FINE CHEM DIV, HAMAMATSU PHOTON SYSTS JAPAN, EISAI CO LTD, JAPAN, CAYMAN CHEM CO, BOEHRINGER MANNHEIM CORP, 3M PHARM, MILLARD FILLMORE HOSP, CLINICO PHARMACOKINET LAB, EMPIRE IMAGING SYST, FRESA BIOMED LABS INC, JM SCI INC, MILES INC, DIAGNOST DIV, SHIMADZU SCI INSTRUMENTS INC, SLM, AMER INSTRUMENTS & MILTON ROY CO, ROSWELL PARK CANC INST, VERIS VITAMIN E RES & INFORMAT SCI C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,ANTIOXIDANTS RES LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-44981-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1994 VL 366 BP 325 EP 333 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BC72J UT WOS:A1994BC72J00023 PM 7771263 ER PT B AU CALKINS, CO BLOEM, K BLOEM, S CHAMBERS, DL AF CALKINS, CO BLOEM, K BLOEM, S CHAMBERS, DL BE Calkins, CO Klassen, W Liedo, P TI ADVANCES IN MEASURING QUALITY AND ASSURING GOOD FIELD PERFORMANCE IN MASS REARED FRUIT FLIES SO FRUIT FLIES AND THE STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Congress of Entomology CY JUN 27-JUL 04, 1992 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-4854-4 PY 1994 BP 85 EP 96 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BC72T UT WOS:A1994BC72T00007 ER PT B AU HENNEBERRY, TJ AF HENNEBERRY, TJ BE Calkins, CO Klassen, W Liedo, P TI PINK BOLLWORM STERILE MOTH RELEASES - SUPPRESSION OF ESTABLISHED INFESTATIONS AND EXCLUSION FROM NONINFESTED AREAS SO FRUIT FLIES AND THE STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Congress of Entomology CY JUN 27-JUL 04, 1992 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-4854-4 PY 1994 BP 181 EP 207 PG 27 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BC72T UT WOS:A1994BC72T00014 ER PT J AU CABANILLAS, HE POINAR, GO RAULSTON, JR AF CABANILLAS, HE POINAR, GO RAULSTON, JR TI STEINERNEMA-RIOBRAVIS N-SP (RHABDITIDA, STEINERNEMATIDAE) FROM TEXAS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; STEINERNEMA-RIOBRAVIS; TAXONOMY; DESCRIPTION; CORN EARWORM; FALL ARMYWORM; BIOCONTROL AB Steinernema riobravis n. sp. is a new entomopathogenic nematode species discovered in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Morphological, hybridization, and DNA examinations indicated the distinctness of S. riobravis n. sp. from S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae, S. glaseri, and S. intermedia. Diagnostic characters include the length of the infective-stage juveniles, the color and shape of the spicules and gubernaculum, and lack of a tail projection in the male. The ratio E (distance from anterior end to excretory pore divided by tail length) of the infective juveniles separates this new species from previously described steinernematids. S. riobravis n. sp. did not hybridize with other Steinernema species. DNA analysis showed that the 304 base pair region of the 26 S. ribosomal subunit examined in S. riobravis n. sp. is significantly divergent from the same region in S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae, S. glaseri and S. serratum. It appears to be naturally selected for the subtropical semi-arid environment where it serves as a biological control agent for corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea, and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae), at high temperatures. RP CABANILLAS, HE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP INSECTS RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 0 TC 92 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 3 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS PI PARIS PA S P E S-JOURNAL DEPT, 120 BD ST GERMAIN, F-75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1164-5571 J9 FUND APPL NEMATOL JI Fundam. Appl. Nematol. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 2 BP 123 EP 131 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA NB754 UT WOS:A1994NB75400004 ER PT J AU CABANILLAS, HE RAULSTON, JR AF CABANILLAS, HE RAULSTON, JR TI PATHOGENICITY OF STEINERNEMA-RIOBRAVIS AGAINST CORN-EARWORM, HELICOVERPA-ZEA (BODDIE) SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; STEINERNEMA-RIOBRAVIS; CORN EARWORM; HELICOVERPA-ZEA AB The pathogenicity of a new entomopathogenic nematode species, Steinernema riobravis against prepupae and pupae of corn earworm, Heliocoverpa (= Heliothis) zea (Boddie) found soil samples of com fields in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, was tested under laboratory conditions. Exposure to 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100 infective juveniles per prepupa in filter paper resulted in mortalities of 40, 55, 85, 90, and 100 % respectively. The LC50 of S. riobravis for H. zea prepupae was thirteen nematodes per prepupa. The nematodes multiplied similarly in prepupae and pupae of com earworm with average nematode production per prepupa and pupa cadavers of 321 000 and 300 000, respectively. Production of nematodes was independent of concentration of infective juveniles from 5 to 100 per host. The overall yield of nematodes per prepupa and pupa was 311 000. The highest average yield of nematodes per insect cadaver was 375 000 which occurred at an exposure concentration of 40 infective juveniles per prepupa. These results indicate a high degree of infectivity and parthogenicity of Steinernema riobravis and its symbiotic Xenorhabdus bacterium to com earworm and suggest it may have a great potential against prepupal and pupal stages of H. zea. RP CABANILLAS, HE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,CROP INSECTS RES UNIT,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS PI PARIS PA S P E S-JOURNAL DEPT, 120 BD ST GERMAIN, F-75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1164-5571 J9 FUND APPL NEMATOL JI Fundam. Appl. Nematol. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 3 BP 219 EP 223 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA NT625 UT WOS:A1994NT62500005 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, DT AF KAPLAN, DT TI PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A PASTEURIA SP ATTACKING THE CITRUS NEMATODE, TYLENCHULUS SEMIPENETRANS, IN FLORIDA SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BACTERIA; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; CITRUS; PARASITISM; PASTEURIA; TYLENCHULUS; NEMATODES AB Juveniles and males of the citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, infected with a Pasteuria sp. were detected in soil samples collected from a citrus grove in Central Florida. In laboratory studies, three to sixteen endospores attached to cuticles of individual nematodes. Mature endospores were observed within the nematode body 18 days after endospore attachment. Parasite development was asynchronous within individual nematodes. In males, the region of the body filled with spermatocytes was not colonized. Infected second stage juveniles and males each contained 320-400 endospores 18 days after endospore attachment at 25 degrees C. Adult females infected by Pasteuria sp. were not detected nor were endospores observed attached to the cuticles of adult females. Endospores of the Pasteuria sp. did not attach to the cuticles of Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, Radopholus citroplulus, or R. similis. RP KAPLAN, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS PI MONTROUGE PA DEPT UNIV PROFESSIONNEL REVUES SCIENTIFIQUES TECHNIQUE 11 RUE GOSSIN, F-92543 MONTROUGE, FRANCE SN 1164-5571 J9 FUND APPL NEMATOL JI Fundam. Appl. Nematol. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 6 BP 509 EP 512 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QA722 UT WOS:A1994QA72200004 ER PT J AU MEYER, SLF AF MEYER, SLF TI EFFECTS OF A WILD-TYPE STRAIN AND A MUTANT STRAIN OF THE FUNGUS VERTICILLIUM-LECANII ON MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA POPULATIONS IN GREENHOUSE STUDIES SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE VERTICILLIUM; NEMATODE-PARASITIZING FUNGI; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; MUTANT; MELOIDOGYNE; NEMATODES AB A wild type strain of Verticillium lecanii and a UV-induced mutant were tested for ability to reduce populations of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato in the greenhouse. The two fungus strains were incorporated into a bran-alginate formulation and applied near the plant roots at three rates : 0.0009 % dry weight fungus/weight soil, 0.002 % w/w, and 0.02 % w/w. The mutant strain was also tested at 0.006 % why. Egg and juvenile numbers were counted and combined. Significant population decreases of 53 % and 66 % were observed in two of six experiments in which the mutant was applied at 0.002 %-0.006 % w/w. However, when results of all experiments were combined, neither the mutant nor the wild type strain significantly suppressed root knot nematode populations. RP MEYER, SLF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NEMATOL LAB,BLDG 011A,RM 153,BARC-W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS PI MONTROUGE PA DEPT UNIV PROFESSIONNEL REVUES SCIENTIFIQUES TECHNIQUE 11 RUE GOSSIN, F-92543 MONTROUGE, FRANCE SN 1164-5571 J9 FUND APPL NEMATOL JI Fundam. Appl. Nematol. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 6 BP 563 EP 567 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA QA722 UT WOS:A1994QA72200011 ER PT B AU KUHNLE, RA DERROW, RW AF KUHNLE, RA DERROW, RW BE Pugh, CA TI Using the SedBed Monitor to measure bed load SO FUNDAMENTALS AND ADVANCEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS AND EXPERIMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamentals and Advancements in Hydraulic Measurements and Experimentation CY AUG 01-05, 1994 CL BUFFALO, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Hydraul Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Irrigat & Drainage Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Canadian Soc Civil Engn C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0036-9 PY 1994 BP 129 EP 138 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BD80G UT WOS:A1994BD80G00014 ER PT S AU BOUWER, H AF BOUWER, H BE Soveri, J Suokko, T TI ROLE OF GROUNDWATER AND ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE IN FUTURE WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SO FUTURE GROUNDWATER RESOURCES AT RISK SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Future Groundwater Resources at Risk CY JUN 13-16, 1994 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP UNESCO, DIV WATER SCI, FINNISH NATL COMMISS UNESCO, INTER ASSOC HYDROGEOLGISTS, INT GROUND WATER MODELING CTR C1 USDA ARS,WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-09-4 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1994 IS 222 BP 491 EP 497 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BB89U UT WOS:A1994BB89U00050 ER PT S AU BELL, AA STIPANOVIC, RD MACE, ME KOHEL, RJ AF BELL, AA STIPANOVIC, RD MACE, ME KOHEL, RJ BE ELLIS, BE Kuroki, GW Stafford, HA TI GENETIC MANIPULATION OF TERPENOID PHYTOALEXINS IN GOSSYPIUM - EFFECTS ON DISEASE RESISTANCE SO GENETIC ENGINEERING OF PLANT SECONDARY METABOLISM SE RECENT ADVANCES IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the Phytochemical-Society-of-North-America CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 1993 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP PHYTOCHEM SOC N AMER C1 USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 4 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0079-9920 BN 0-306-44804-1 J9 RECENT ADV PHYTOCHEM PY 1994 VL 28 BP 231 EP 249 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BA67U UT WOS:A1994BA67U00009 ER PT J AU KINDIGER, B VIERLING, RA AF KINDIGER, B VIERLING, RA TI COMPARATIVE ISOZYME POLYMORPHISMS OF NORTH-AMERICAN EASTERN GAMAGRASS, TRIPSACUM-DACTYLOIDES VAR DACTYLOIDES AND MAIZE, ZEA-MAYS L SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE ISOZYMES; TRIPSACUM; MAIZE; WIDE HYBRIDIZATIONS AB Random samples, consisting of at least 100 individual seedlings, were taken from the diploid (2n = 2x = 36) eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides var. dactyloides) and assayed to determine which of 12 enzyme marker loci and isozyme systems would be most informative in providing satisfactory resolution of both maize and Tripsacum isozyme systems. For comparison, eight maize inbreds were included in the study to aid evaluation and comparison of the various isozyme systems. In addition, evaluations were conducted to identify if the identified optimum isozyme system could be used to detect Tripsacum introgression in maize following a maize x Tripsacum backcrossing scheme. Using the established isozyme techniques for maize (Zea mays L.), the Adh, Pgd, Cat, Est, B-Glu, Got, Idh, Tpi isozyme systems detected no polymorphism among the Tripsacum individuals assayed. The Est and B-Glu systems for Tripsacum were unscorable due to poor staining and resolution. The Acp, Mdh, Pgm, and Phi isozyme systems were found to be satisfactory markers for differentiating between eastern gamagrass individuals as well as detecting Tripsacum introgression in maize. The availability of useful isozyme systems which can simultaneously provide significant isozyme resolution of maize, Tripsacum and maize-Tripsacum backcross hybrids, on a single gel system, will be useful for the detection of marker assisted Tripsacum introgression into maize. In addition, the identification of a set of variable biochemical markers should also assist breeding, selection and genetic manipulations in eastern gamagrass. C1 INDIANA CROP IMPROVEMENT ASSOC,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47905. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47905. RP KINDIGER, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,2000 18TH ST,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. OI Kindiger, Bryan/0000-0002-2938-3653 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PY 1994 VL 94 IS 1 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1007/BF01429223 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA QG694 UT WOS:A1994QG69400010 ER PT J AU ROHRER, GA ALEXANDER, LJ KEELE, JW SMITH, TP BEATTIE, CW AF ROHRER, GA ALEXANDER, LJ KEELE, JW SMITH, TP BEATTIE, CW TI A MICROSATELLITE LINKAGE MAP OF THE PORCINE GENOME SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; GROWTH-HORMONE GENE; CLASS-II GENES; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; MINIATURE SWINE; CHROMOSOMAL ASSIGNMENT; CASEIN GENES; PIG; POLYMORPHISMS; SEQUENCE AB We report the most extensive genetic linkage map for a livestock species produced to date. We have linked 376 microsatellite (MS) loci with seven restriction fragment length polymorphic loci in a backcross reference population. The 383 markers were placed into 24 linkage groups which span 1997 cM. Seven additional MS did not fall into a linkage group. Linkage groups are assigned to 13 autosomes and the X chromosome (haploid n = 19). This map provides the basis for genetic analysis of quantitative inheritance of phenotypic and physiologic traits in swine. RP ROHRER, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR, CLAY CTR, NE 68933 USA. NR 57 TC 361 Z9 382 U1 0 U2 3 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1943-2631 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JAN PY 1994 VL 136 IS 1 BP 231 EP 245 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA MP222 UT WOS:A1994MP22200022 PM 8138161 ER PT B AU COTTY, PJ BAYMAN, P EGEL, DS ELIAS, KS AF COTTY, PJ BAYMAN, P EGEL, DS ELIAS, KS BE Powell, KA Renwick, A Peberdy, JF TI AGRICULTURE, AFLATOXINS AND ASPERGILLUS SO GENUS ASPERGILLUS: FROM TAXONOMY AND GENETICS TO INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION SE FEMS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Genus Aspergillus: From Taxonomy and Genetics to Industrial Application CY APR 05-08, 1993 CL CANTERBURY, ENGLAND SP FEDERAT EUROPEAN MICROBIOL SOC RP COTTY, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 0 TC 138 Z9 144 U1 1 U2 4 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-44701-0 J9 FEMS SYMP PY 1994 IS 69 BP 1 EP 27 PG 27 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology; Mycology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology; Mycology GA BA68Q UT WOS:A1994BA68Q00001 ER PT B AU WICKLOW, DT DOWD, PF GLOER, JB AF WICKLOW, DT DOWD, PF GLOER, JB BE Powell, KA Renwick, A Peberdy, JF TI ANTIINSECTAN EFFECTS OF ASPERGILLUS METABOLITES SO GENUS ASPERGILLUS: FROM TAXONOMY AND GENETICS TO INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION SE FEMS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Genus Aspergillus: From Taxonomy and Genetics to Industrial Application CY APR 05-08, 1993 CL CANTERBURY, ENGLAND SP FEDERAT EUROPEAN MICROBIOL SOC RP WICKLOW, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-44701-0 J9 FEMS SYMP PY 1994 IS 69 BP 93 EP 114 PG 22 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology; Mycology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology; Mycology GA BA68Q UT WOS:A1994BA68Q00006 ER PT B AU PRICE, L AF PRICE, L GP GIS WORLD EDUC & TRAINING INST TI Release of the 1992 National Resources Inventory SO GIS IN GOVERNMENT: THE FEDERAL PERSPECTIVE, 1994 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Federal Geographic Technology Conference on GIS in Government - The Federal Perspective, 1994 CY SEP 26-28, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP GIS World Educ & Training Inst, Fed Comp Week C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,NATL GIS APPLICAT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU G I S WORLD INC PI FT COLLINS PA 155 E BOARDWALK DR, SUITE 250, FT COLLINS, CO 80525 BN 1-882610-07-5 PY 1994 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Geography SC Geography GA BD46X UT WOS:A1994BD46X00012 ER PT B AU LAWSON, GH AF LAWSON, GH GP GIS WORLD EDUC & TRAINING INST TI Chesapeake bay decision-support system SO GIS IN GOVERNMENT: THE FEDERAL PERSPECTIVE, 1994 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Federal Geographic Technology Conference on GIS in Government - The Federal Perspective, 1994 CY SEP 26-28, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP GIS World Educ & Training Inst, Fed Comp Week C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,DIV RIGIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20013. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU G I S WORLD INC PI FT COLLINS PA 155 E BOARDWALK DR, SUITE 250, FT COLLINS, CO 80525 BN 1-882610-07-5 PY 1994 BP 177 EP 181 PG 5 WC Geography SC Geography GA BD46X UT WOS:A1994BD46X00034 ER PT B AU EGGENMCINTOSH, S LANNOM, KB JACOBS, DM AF EGGENMCINTOSH, S LANNOM, KB JACOBS, DM GP AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING TI MAPPING FOREST DISTRIBUTIONS OF CENTRAL-AMERICA AND MEXICO SO GIS/LIS '94 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT GIS/LIS Annual Conference and Exposition CY OCT 25-27, 1994 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING, AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING, AM/FM INT, ASSOC AMER GEOGRAPHERS, URBAN & REG INFORMAT SYST ASSOC C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,STARKVILLE,MS 39759. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 BN 1-57083-013-4 PY 1994 BP 273 EP 281 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Geography; Remote Sensing GA BC78D UT WOS:A1994BC78D00034 ER PT B AU RAND, RY AF RAND, RY GP AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING TI META-TOOLS FOR ENHANCED ACCESS TO GLOBAL CHANGE MULTIPLE DISTRIBUTED METADATA DIRECTORIES AND DATA COLLECTIONS SO GIS/LIS '94 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT GIS/LIS Annual Conference and Exposition CY OCT 25-27, 1994 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING, AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING, AM/FM INT, ASSOC AMER GEOGRAPHERS, URBAN & REG INFORMAT SYST ASSOC C1 USDA,NATL AGR LIB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 BN 1-57083-013-4 PY 1994 BP 639 EP 646 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Geography; Remote Sensing GA BC78D UT WOS:A1994BC78D00077 ER PT B AU SALON, P VANSOEST, P HOGUE, D VANDERGRINTEN, M AF SALON, P VANSOEST, P HOGUE, D VANDERGRINTEN, M BE tMannetje, L Frame, J TI APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY OF EASTERN GAMAGRASS SILAGE WITH AND WITHOUT SILAGE ENZYME ADDITIVE SO GRASSLAND AND SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th General Meeting of the European-Grassland-Federation - Grassland and Society CY JUN 06-09, 1994 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP EUROPEAN GRASSLAND FEDERAT DE DIGESTIBILITY; ENZYME ADDITIVE; SILAGE; TRIPSACUM-DACTYLOIDES C1 USDA SCS,CORNING,NY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WAGENINGEN PERS, STICHTING PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 42, 6700AA WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-74134-15-7 PY 1994 BP 122 EP 124 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC91A UT WOS:A1994BC91A00020 ER PT S AU IIVARI, TA DOOLITTLE, JA AF IIVARI, TA DOOLITTLE, JA BE Kovar, K Soveri, J TI COMPUTER SIMULATIONS OF DEPTHS TO WATER TABLE USING GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR IN TOPOGRAPHICALLY DIVERSE TERRAINS SO GROUNDWATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Groundwater Quality Management (GQM 93) CY SEP 06-09, 1993 CL TALLINN, ESTONIA SP INT ASSOC HYDROL SCI, INT COMM GROUNDWATER, INST ECOLOGY, TALLINN, ESTONIA C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,NE NATL TECH CTR,CHESTER,PA 19380. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-98-1 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1994 IS 220 BP 11 EP 20 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BC02T UT WOS:A1994BC02T00002 ER PT B AU WISE, T KLINDT, J BUONOMO, FC YEN, JT AF WISE, T KLINDT, J BUONOMO, FC YEN, JT BE Bercu, BB Walker, RF TI EFFECTS OF PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN ON THYMIC WEIGHT, THYMOSIN-ALPHA-1, AND THYMOSIN-BETA-4 IN GILTS AND FARROWS SO GROWTH HORMONE II: BASIC AND CLINICAL ASPECTS SE SERONO SYMPOSIA, USA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Growth Hormone: Basic and Clinical Aspects CY DEC 03-06, 1992 CL TARPON SPRINGS, FL SP SERONO SYMPOSIA, USA C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 BN 0-387-94133-9 J9 SERONO SYMP PY 1994 BP 317 EP 327 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA BB55L UT WOS:A1994BB55L00024 ER PT J AU QUIDEAU, S RALPH, J AF QUIDEAU, S RALPH, J TI A BIOMIMETIC ROUTE TO LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS VIA SILVER(I) OXIDE OXIDATION .1. SYNTHESIS OF DILIGNOLS AND NONCYCLIC BENZYL ARYL ETHERS SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE CONIFERYL ALCOHOL; OXIDATIVE COUPLING; SILVER OXIDE; ONE-ELECTRON OXIDANT; DEHYDRODICONIFERYL ALCOHOL; PHENYLCOUMARIN; BETA-5 RADICAL COUPLING MODE; PINORESINOL; NONCYCLIC BENZYL ARYL ETHER; ALPHA-O-4-BONDS; ALPHA-O-GAMMA BONDS; BETA-O-4 QUINONE METHIDE; BENZYL ALCOHOL; GUAIACYLGLYCEROL-BETA-CONIFERYL ETHER; LIGNIN; NMR; DHP ID C-13 NMR-SPECTRA; BETA-O-4-TYPE QUINONE METHIDE; ESTER CROSS-LINKS; CONIFERYL ALCOHOL; COUMARYL ALCOHOL; VANILLYL ALCOHOL; SPRUCE; SPECTROSCOPY; WOOD; DEHYDROGENATION AB The oxidative coupling of (E)-coniferyl alcohol using 1.5 equiv. of silver (I) oxide in methylene chloride led to the formation of beta-5-coupled dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol in 50% yield, whereas in 1 : 1 methylene chloride: water solution, the beta-beta-coupled dehydrodimer pinoresinol was obtained as the major reaction product in 25% yield. In aqueous (pH 5-8) and non-aqueous solutions, the quinone methide generated by beta-O-4 coniferyl alcohol radical coupling rapidly led to the formation of significant amounts of the non-cyclic alpha-O-4 benzyl aryl ethers; erythro-guaiacylglycerol-alpha-dehydrodiconiferyl-beta-coniferyl-bis-ether, erythro-guaiacylglycerol-alpha,beta-bis-coniferyl ether and erythro-guaiacylglycerol-alpha-pinoresinol-beta-coniferyl-bis-ether, via phenol addition. The addition of water became predominant only under acid catalysis. Non-cyclic alpha-O-gamma benzyl alkyl ethers were not obtained. These findings, together with literature precedents, have implications for lignin biosynthesis. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706. RP QUIDEAU, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 70 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 21 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1994 VL 48 IS 1 BP 12 EP 22 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1994.48.1.12 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MU809 UT WOS:A1994MU80900004 ER PT J AU BLANCHETTE, RA OBST, JR TIMELL, TE AF BLANCHETTE, RA OBST, JR TIMELL, TE TI BIODEGRADATION OF COMPRESSION WOOD AND TENSION WOOD BY WHITE AND BROWN-ROT FUNGI SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE WOOD DECAY; BIODEGRADATION; WHITE ROT FUNGI; BROWN ROT FUNGI; COMPRESSION WOOD; TENSION WOOD; ULTRASTRUCTURE ID LIGNIN; DELIGNIFICATION; DECAY AB Ultrastructural investigations and chemical determinations of compression wood from Abies balsamea, Picea mariana and Pinus strobus after decay by white or brown rot fungi demonstrated that this type of wood is more resistant to decay than normal wood. Hyphae colonizing compression wood were found in cell lumina and intercellular spaces whereas normal wood cell had hyphae only in cell lumina. Compression wood did not alter the type of cell wall degradation produced by the various fungi tested, but the rate and extent of decay were limited. The white rot fungus, Trametes versicolor, caused a nonselective attack of all cell wall components as indicated by erosion of secondary wall layers and middle lamellae. A selective removal of lignin occurred throughout the cell walls of wood decayed by the other white rot fungi (Phellinus pini, Phlebia tremellosa and Scytinostroma galactinum) that were evaluated. The brown rot fungi, Fomitopsis pinicola and Oligoporus placentus caused a diffuse removal of polysaccharides from both compression wood and normal wood. Tension wood from Populus tremuloides and Acer rubrum decayed by white or brown rot fungi had similar amounts of decay to those observed in normal wood. Ultrastructural observations, however, showed striking differences in the progressive stages of decay. Hyphae of Trametes versicolor located in cell lumina did not cause erosion or severe degradation of the adjacent, underlying gelatinous layer associated with tension wood. A typical nonselective degradation of the secondary wall layers and middle lamellae, however, occurred beneath this gelatinous layer. In areas of advanced degradation, the secondary walls and middle lamellae between cell walls were completely degraded leaving only the gelatinous layer and cell corner regions of the middle lamellae. Brown rot fungi were able to degrade the gelatinous layer and other cell wall layers resulting in extensive degradation of polysaccharides. C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. SYRACUSE UNIV,COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. RP BLANCHETTE, RA (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 30 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 15 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1994 VL 48 SU S BP 34 EP 42 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1994.48.s1.34 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MV981 UT WOS:A1994MV98100005 ER PT J AU QUIDEAU, S RALPH, J AF QUIDEAU, S RALPH, J TI A BIOMIMETIC ROUTE TO LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS VIA SILVER (I) OXIDE OXIDATION .2. NMR CHARACTERIZATION OF NONCYCLIC BENZYL ARYL ETHER TRIMERS AND TETRAMERS SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE NONCYCLIC BENZYL ARYL ETHER; ALPHA-O-4 UNIT; LIGNIN; DHP; 2D NMR; DELAYED COSY; HMQC-TOCSY ID CELL-WALL STRUCTURE; MILLED WOOD LIGNIN; C-13-NMR SPECTRA; SHIFT CORRELATION; LINKED STRUCTURES; BEECH LIGNIN; SPECTROSCOPY; SPRUCE; SUBSTANCES; SOLUBILITY AB The non-cyclic alpha-O-4 benzyl aryl ethers, erythro-guaiacylglycerol-alpha,beta-bis-coniferyl ether, erythro-guaiacylglycerol-alpha-dehydrodiconiferyl-beta-coniferyl-bis-ether and erythro-guaiacylglycerol-alpha-pinoresinol-beta-coniferyl-bis-ether, isolated from the silver(I) oxide-mediated oxidative coupling of coniferyl alcohol in aqueous solutions, were fully characterized by the use of 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The application of 2D HMQC-TOCSY and delayed COSY experiments were found to be a useful complement and/or alternative to the application of the usual routine 2D homo- and heteronuclear correlation experiments for the structural elucidation and chemical shift assignments of these oligomeric lignols. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706. RP QUIDEAU, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1994 VL 48 IS 2 BP 124 EP 132 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1994.48.2.124 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA NF577 UT WOS:A1994NF57700007 ER PT J AU CHEN, GC AF CHEN, GC TI FUNGAL DECAY RESISTANCE OF WOOD REACTED WITH CHLOROSULFONYL ISOCYANATE OR EPICHLOROHYDRIN SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE CHLOROSULFONYL ISOCYANATE; EPICHLOROHYDRIN; FUNGAL DECAY RESISTANCE; CROSS-LINKED WOOD; GLOEOPHYLLUM-TRABEUM; LOBLOLLY PINE ID METHYL AB We are searching for chemical treatments that can cross-link with wood causing minimal damage to mechanical properties while also improving decay resistance. The objective of this study was to investigate the reactions between wood and chlorosulfonyl isocyanate or epichlorohydrin and to determine fungal resistance of the treated wood. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) reacted with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate to 6.1 % weight gain of chemical and epichlorohydrin to 10.9 % weight gain of chemical had 1.3 % and 2.3 % weight loss, respectively, by the fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum. Wood cross-linked with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate lost 50 % of the sulfonyl carbamoyl groups in the decay test, whereas wood reacted with epichlorohydrin lost 17 % of the alkoxy-bonded product; the loss from the cross-linked product was not determined. Cross-linking between wood and chlorosulfonyl isocyanate was evidenced by the characteristic sulfonate and carbamate infrared absorptions. For wood reacted with epichlorohydrin, chemical analyses showed that 50 % of the bond between epichlorohydrin and wood was alkoxy-bonded wood and the remaining 50 % was mainly cross-linked with wood. RP CHEN, GC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1994 VL 48 IS 3 BP 181 EP 185 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1994.48.3.181 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA NQ219 UT WOS:A1994NQ21900001 ER PT J AU AKHTAR, M AF AKHTAR, M TI BIOMECHANICAL PULPING OF ASPEN WOOD CHIPS WITH 3 STRAINS OF CERIPORIOPSIS-SUBVERMISPORA SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE WHITE-ROT FUNGI; BIOMECHANICAL PULPING; REFINING; ENERGY CONSERVATION; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; CERIPORIOPSIS-SUBVERMISPORA ID LOBLOLLY-PINE AB In connection with continuing research on biopulping, aspen wood chips were treated with three different strains of the white-rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora for four weeks prior to refiner mechanical pulping. All three strains saved substantial amounts of electrical energy (40-48%) during fiberization and refining. and improved burst (23-40%), tear (131-162%). tensile (17-27%), and tensile energy absorption (13-25%) indices over the untreated control. Fungal treatment had no apparent effect on elongation or opacity. All strains decreased density (12-14%), brightness (18-21%), and light scattering coefficient (34-37%) over the untreated control. Based on energy savings and strength improvements, strain CZ-3 appeared to be superior to the other strains. C1 US FOREST SERV,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP AKHTAR, M (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR BIOTECHNOL,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 14 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1994 VL 48 IS 3 BP 199 EP 202 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1994.48.3.199 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA NQ219 UT WOS:A1994NQ21900004 ER PT J AU MATSUI, N FUKUSHIMA, K KAMADA, K NISHIKAWA, Y YASUDA, S TERASHIMA, N AF MATSUI, N FUKUSHIMA, K KAMADA, K NISHIKAWA, Y YASUDA, S TERASHIMA, N TI ON THE BEHAVIOR OF MONOLIGNOL GLUCOSIDES IN LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS .1. SYNTHESIS OF MONOLIGNOL GLUCOSIDES LABELED WITH H-2 AT THE HYDROXYMETHYL GROUP OF SIDE-CHAIN, AND POLYMERIZATION OF THE LABELED MONOLIGNOLS IN-VITRO SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; RADIOTRACER METHOD; MONOLIGNOL GLUCOSIDES; DEHYDROGENATIVE POLYMERIZATION; THIOACIDOLYSIS ID DIFFERENTIATING XYLEM; RADIOTRACER METHOD; SYRINGYL LIGNIN; HETEROGENEITY; MICROAUTORADIOGRAPHY; GUAIACYL; WOOD; PINE AB For selective labeling of specific structural units of protolignin in the plant cell wall, three kinds of precursor of lignin biosynthesis, p-glucocoumaryl alcohol, coniferin and syringin labeled with H-2 at the hydroxymethyl group of side chain (gamma-position) were synthesized. The H-2 at gamma-position was retained during the dehydrogenative polymerization of labeled monolignol in vitro. On thioacidolysis, the polylignol labeled at side chain gamma-position with H-2 gave thioethers of monomeric degradation products which retained the H-2. These facts indicate that gamma-labeled monolignol glucosides are useful in tracer experiments on lignin biosynthesis. C1 NAGOYA UNIV, FAC AGR, FOREST CHEM LAB, FURO CHO, CHIKUSA KU, NAGOYA 46401, JAPAN. US FOREST SERV, FOREST PROD LAB, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 7 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 EI 1437-434X J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1994 VL 48 IS 3 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1994.48.3.215 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA NQ219 UT WOS:A1994NQ21900007 ER PT J AU EBERHARDT, TL HAN, JS MICALES, JA YOUNG, RA AF EBERHARDT, TL HAN, JS MICALES, JA YOUNG, RA TI DECAY RESISTANCE IN CONIFER SEED CONES - ROLE OF RESIN ACIDS AS INHIBITORS OF DECOMPOSITION BY WHITE-ROT FUNGI SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE DECAY RESISTANCE; EXTRACTIVES; GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; PINE CONES; RESIN ACIDS; TERPENOIDS; WHITE-ROT FUNGI ID BLACK LOCUST HEARTWOOD; WOOD PRESERVATIVES; PINE; BARK; EXTRACTS AB Resin acids in the diethyl ether extracts of Picea glauca, Pinus ponderosa and Pinus banksiana seed cones were identified by gas-liquid chromatography of their methyl-ester derivatives. For these seed cones, abietic, dehydroabietic and isopimaric acids comprised 63.7-80.5% of the total resin acids identified. In P. banksiana, the resin acid composition of the seed cones was shown to be significantly different from that in either the leaves, bark or wood. Investigation of the role of resin acids in the apparent decay resistance of woody conifer tissues to white-rot fungi involved the incorporation of abietic, dehydroabietic and isopimaric acids individually, or as a 1:1:1 mixture, into decay susceptible sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) wood test blocks which were subsequently exposed to cultures of Irpex lacteus and Trametes versicolor Inhibition of decay by I. lacteus was observed for test blocks treated with abietic and dehydroabietic acids, but not isopimaric acid. With T. versicolor, only those test blocks treated with abietic acid showed less decay when compared with controls. Comparisons of the decay levels with the moisture contents of resin acid treated test blocks, and the analyses of residual resin acid contents of decayed blocks, indicate that resin acids provide decay resistance by their water repellency and inherent decay resistance rather than general toxicity. C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53706. RP EBERHARDT, TL (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,1630 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 36 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 10 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1994 VL 48 IS 4 BP 278 EP 284 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1994.48.4.278 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA PB017 UT WOS:A1994PB01700002 ER PT J AU FISCHER, K AKHTAR, M BLANCHETTE, RA BURNES, TA MESSNER, K KIRK, TK AF FISCHER, K AKHTAR, M BLANCHETTE, RA BURNES, TA MESSNER, K KIRK, TK TI REDUCTION OF RESIN CONTENT IN WOOD CHIPS DURING EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGICAL PULPING PROCESSES SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE WHITE-ROT FUNGI; OPHIOSTOMA-PILIFERUM; CERIPORIOPSIS-SUBVERMISPORA; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; BIOMECHANICAL PULPING; BIOCHEMICAL PULPING; RESIN CONTENT; ENERGY SAVINGS; PAPER STRENGTH PROPERTIES; KAPPA NUMBER; SPRUCE; LOBLOLLY PINE ID DIFFERENT FUNGAL TREATMENTS; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; ASPEN CHIPS; CERIPORIOPSIS-SUBVERMISPORA; PAPERMAKING PROPERTIES; LOBLOLLY-PINE; KRAFT PULP; PITCH; STRENGTH; GROWTH AB This research examined the ability of two biopulping fungi, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, to lower the resin content of wood chips, and the ability of a commercial depitching fungus, Ophiostoma piliferum, to biopulp. Biopulping is defined as the pretreatment of wood chips with lignin-degrading fungi for mechanical pulping. The study also examined the effect on sulfite pulping of the fungal pretreatments. Ceriporiopsis and Ophiostoma lowered the resin content of loblolly pine (2.55-2.64%) by 18-27% in 2 weeks and 33-35% in 4 weeks (Phanerochaete was not studied), and all three fungi lowered the resin content of spruce wood from 1.2% to 0.8-0.9% in 2 weeks. In a biopulping study, pretreatment of pine wood chips for 4 weeks with Ceriporiopsis lowered the refining energy requirement by 30%, improved certain strength properties, and lowered brightness and light scattering coefficient, in comparison to sterile control chips. By contrast, Ophiostoma had no effect on energy requirements, or on strength and optical properties. Pretreatment of spruce chips with the two biopulping fungi, but not with Ophiostoma, led to lower kappa numbers on sulfite cooking. Tensile index of paper from the sulfite-pulped chips was increased slightly by Ophiostoma and unchanged by the biopulping fungi. Tear index was increased slightly by Ceriporiopsis, decreased slightly by Phanerochaete, and not changed by Ophiostoma. C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53706. VIENNA TECH UNIV,INST BIOCHEM TECHNOL & MIKROBIOL,A-1060 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR BIOTECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 21 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1994 VL 48 IS 4 BP 285 EP 290 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1994.48.4.285 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA PB017 UT WOS:A1994PB01700003 ER PT J AU MATSUI, N FUKUSHIMA, K YASUDA, S TERASHIMA, N AF MATSUI, N FUKUSHIMA, K YASUDA, S TERASHIMA, N TI ON THE BEHAVIOR OF MONOLIGNOL GLUCOSIDES IN LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS .2. SYNTHESIS OF MONOLIGNOL GLUCOSIDES LABELED WITH H-3 AT THE HYDROXYMETHYL GROUP OF SIDE-CHAIN, AND INCORPORATION OF THE LABEL INTO MAGNOLIA AND GINKGO LIGNIN SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; RADIOTRACER METHOD; MONOLIGNOL GLUCOSIDES; THIOACIDOLYSIS; GINKGO BILOBA; MAGNOLIA KOBUS ID DIFFERENTIATING XYLEM; SYRINGYL LIGNIN; HETEROGENEITY; MICROAUTORADIOGRAPHY; GUAIACYL; PINE; THIOACIDOLYSIS; CARBONS; WOOD AB For selective radio-labeling of specific structural units of protolignin in the cell wall, three kinds of precursor of lignin biosynthesis, p-glucocoumaryl alcohol, coniferin and syringin labeled with H-3 at the hydroxymethyl group of side chain (gamma-position) were synthesized, and administered to magnolia and ginkgo trees. The newly formed radioactive lignin gave thioacidolysis products in which radioactivities were distributed not only in the C6-C3 units corresponding to the administered precursor but also other C6-C3 units. These results indicate that the modification of aromatic ring moiety occurs among the intermediates which retain the gamma-H-3. It suggests a new mechanism of modification of aromatic ring may participate in the pathway of lignin biosynthesis. C1 NAGOYA UNIV, FAC AGR, FOREST CHEM LAB, CHIKUSU KU, NAGOYA 46401, JAPAN. USDA, FOREST PROD LAB, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. NR 21 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 7 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 EI 1437-434X J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1994 VL 48 IS 5 BP 375 EP 380 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1994.48.5.375 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA PK051 UT WOS:A1994PK05100004 ER PT J AU MANTANIS, GI YOUNG, RA ROWELL, RM AF MANTANIS, GI YOUNG, RA ROWELL, RM TI SWELLING OF WOOD .2. SWELLING IN ORGANIC LIQUIDS SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE WOOD SWELLING; RATE OF WOOD SWELLING; MAXIMUM TANGENTIAL SWELLING]STIKA SPRUCE; DOUGLAS-FIR; SUGAR MAPLE; QUAKING ASPEN; ORGANIC SOLVENT SWELLING AB The rate and maximum swelling of several North American wood species in 40 organic liquids have been obtained with a computer interface linear variable displacement transformer. Since wood swells very fast in some organic liquids, even at room temperature, this apparatus made it possible to obtain accurate rate data on the swelling of wood in organic liquids. It was found that many similarities existed between wood and cellulose maximum swelling within various solvent chemical classes. Hence, it appears that cellulose is the primary wood polymer responsible for the major amount of swelling of wood. In general, all the liquids, with a molar volume greater than 100cc or with a small hydrogen bonding parameter, caused very little equilibrium swelling. The logrithm of the rate of wood swelling (lnk) in the liquids was inversely correlated with the solvent molecular weight as well as with the molar volume of the solvent, that is, the larger the solvent molecular size, the slower the rate of swelling. The lnk also was strongly correlated with the maxmium tangential swelling of wood. The maximum tangential swelling for all wood species was linearly correlated with the solvent basicity (donor number). Other solvent properties such as solubility parameter, dipole moment, dielectric constant, and surface tension showed very weak correlations with the maximum tangential swelling of wood in organic liquids. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP MANTANIS, GI (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,1630 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. OI Mantanis, George/0000-0002-5715-783X NR 26 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 14 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1994 VL 48 IS 6 BP 480 EP 490 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1994.48.6.480 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA PV432 UT WOS:A1994PV43200005 ER PT J AU HSE, CY XIA, ZH TOMITA, B AF HSE, CY XIA, ZH TOMITA, B TI EFFECTS OF REACTION PH ON PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF UREA-FORMALDEHYDE RESINS SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE UREA FORMALDEHYDE RESIN; REACTION PH; MOLAR RATIO; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; C-13 NMR SPECTRA; BOND STRENGTH; FORMALDEHYDE EMISSION ID SPECTROSCOPY AB Urea formaldehyde resins were formulated with combination variables of three reaction pH (1.0, 4.8, and 8.0) and four molar ratios of formaldehyde to urea (2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0). The resins were prepared by placing all formaldehyde and water in reaction kettle and pH was adjusted with sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide, respectively. Urea was added in 15 equal parts at 1-minute intervals. The proportion of high molecular weight products in the resin increased substantially as the reaction pH decreased. Furthermore, the F/U molar interacted with reaction pH to effect resin molecular weight. At acidic pH, the high molecular weight products increased as F/U ratio decreased; while, at alkaline pH, little difference was evident between the high or low molecular weight products at various F/U ratios. The formation of a high percentage of uron derivatives under strong acidic conditions also indicated these resins differed considerable from conventional UF resins formulated in the past. Panels bonded with resins catalyzed at strong acidic conditions resulted in lowest formaldehyde emission but slightly lower bonding strength. Of the three pH conditions evaluated in the study, both weak and strong acid catalysts systems are not commonly used in conventional UF resin formulation. Based on the bond strength and formaldehyde emission data, however, the weak acid catalysts seems to provide the best compromise between the strong acid and the conventional alkaline-acid catalyst system currently used for formulating UF resin wood adhesives. C1 UNIV TSUKUBA,MINST AGR & FOREST ENGN,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. CHINESE ACAD FORESTRY,INST WOOD IND,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP HSE, CY (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 11 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 1994 VL 48 IS 6 BP 527 EP 532 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1994.48.6.527 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA PV432 UT WOS:A1994PV43200014 ER PT J AU NUGENT, PE AF NUGENT, PE TI HOMOZYGOUS, MONOECIOUS, VIRESCENT MELON C879-J3 SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE MUSKMELON; CANTALOUPE; CUCUMIS-MELO; GENETIC MARKER; SEEDLING MARKER; DISEASE RESISTANCE ID MUSKMELON; MUTANT RP NUGENT, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,2875 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 1994 VL 29 IS 1 BP 46 EP 46 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MY255 UT WOS:A1994MY25500016 ER PT J AU NUGENT, PE AF NUGENT, PE TI MONOECIOUS-FLOWERING, TETRAPLOID, VIRESCENT MELON C879-J2-4X SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE MUSKEMELON; CANTALOUPE; CUCUMIS-MELO; MUTANT LINE; SEEDLING MUTANT ID MUSKMELON; MUTANT RP NUGENT, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,2875 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 1994 VL 29 IS 1 BP 47 EP 48 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MY255 UT WOS:A1994MY25500017 ER PT J AU NUGENT, PE AF NUGENT, PE TI TETRAPLOID PLANTERS JUMBO MELON LINES C883-M6-4X AND 67-M6-100-4X SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE MUSKMELON; CANTALOUPE; CUCUMIS-MELO RP NUGENT, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,2875 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 1994 VL 29 IS 1 BP 48 EP 49 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MY255 UT WOS:A1994MY25500018 ER PT J AU NUGENT, PE AF NUGENT, PE TI IRON CHLOROTIC MELON GERMPLASM C940-FE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE MUSKMELON; CANTALOUPE; IRON DEFICIENCY; NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY; CUCUMIS-MELO ID VIRESCENT MUTANT; MUSKMELON RP NUGENT, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,2875 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JAN PY 1994 VL 29 IS 1 BP 50 EP 51 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MY255 UT WOS:A1994MY25500019 ER PT S AU SWANK, WT BOLSTAD, PV AF SWANK, WT BOLSTAD, PV BE Peters, NE Allan, RJ Tsirkunov, VV TI CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF LAND USE PRACTICES ON WATER QUALITY SO HYDROLOGICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF TRANSFORMATION AND TRANSPORT OF CONTAMINANTS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Hydrochemistry 1993 Symposium on Hydrological, Chemical and Biological Processes of Transformation and Transport of Contaminants in Aquatic Environments CY MAY 24-28, 1993 CL ROSTOV NA DONU, RUSSIA SP INT ASSOC HYDROL SCI, INT COMMISS WATER QUAL, RUSSIAN IHP NATL COMM, UNESCO, WMO, WHO, UNEP, ENVIRONM CANADA, RUSSIAN COMM HYDROMETEOROL, US EPA, US NATL COMM SCI HYDROL C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,OTTO,NC 28763. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-88-4 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1994 IS 219 BP 409 EP 421 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA BB77L UT WOS:A1994BB77L00044 ER PT J AU GRAVES, SW WOOD, RJ BROWN, EM SEELY, EW AF GRAVES, SW WOOD, RJ BROWN, EM SEELY, EW TI CALCIUM AND CALCIOTROPIC HORMONES IN TRANSIENT - HYPERTENSION OF PREGNANCY VERSUS PREECLAMPSIA SO HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY LA English DT Article DE 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D; PARATHYROID HORMONE; PREECLAMPSIA; PREGNANCY-INDUCED HYPERTENSION ID URINARY CALCIUM; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D; METABOLISM; HYPOCALCIURIA AB Objective: Women with preeclampsia (PE) have markedly reduced urinary calcium excretion compared to normotensive, pregnant controls (NT). This abnormality in PE is accompanied by significantly reduced serum ionized calcium, increased parathyroid hormone, and reduced 1,25(OH)(2)-vitamin D levels. Urinary calcium in women with transient hypertension of pregnancy (THP) may be normal, but serum calcium and calciotropic hormones have never been reported. We set out to determine whether calcium and calciotropic hormones differed between women with THP and PE. Methods: Third-trimester women with THP were studied and compared to values previously reported but concurrently measured for NT and PE. Urinary calcium, sodium, creatinine, and protein in conjunction with serum total and ionized calcium, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25(OH)-vitamin D, 1,25(OH)(2)-vitamin D, and phosphate were measured in these women. Major Outcome Measure: Our hypothesis was that women with PE and THP could be distinguished on the basis of urine and serum calcium and calciotropic hormones. Results: Urinary calcium excretion in women with THP was remarkably similar to women with NT but significantly higher than women with PE (6.6 +/- 1.3 vs. 6.5 +/- 0.7 vs. 2.3 +/- 0.4 mmol/day, P = 0.002, respectively). Total serum calcium was not different among the three groups; however, serum ionized calcium in women with THP was comparable to that in NT women but significantly higher than that in PE women (1.26 +/- 0.01 vs. 1.26 +/- 0.01 vs. 1.22 +/- 0.01 mu mol/L, respectively, P = 0.03). PTH levels were similar for THP and NT but were significantly lower than PE (17.4 +/- 2.8 vs. 15.4 +/- 2.8 vs. 31.7 +/- 4.1 ng/L, P = 0.00008). Measurements of 1,25(OH)(2)-vitamin D were not significantly different among the three groups (THP: 226 +/- 34, NT: 220 +/- 13, PE: 162 +/- 19 pmol/L; P = 0.19, ANOVA), but direct comparison of NT and PE was still significantly different as reported previously (P = 0.019, t test). Conclusion: These results provide further evidence that THP and PE may represent distinct and potentially biochemically distinguishable diseases. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP GRAVES, SW (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,SCH MED,DIV ENDOCRINE HYPERTENS,221 LONGWOOD AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1064-1955 J9 HYPERTENS PREGNANCY JI Hypertens. Pregnancy PY 1994 VL 13 IS 1 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.3109/10641959409084175 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Physiology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA NF569 UT WOS:A1994NF56900008 ER PT J AU STOKKE, DD MANWILLER, FG AF STOKKE, DD MANWILLER, FG TI PROPORTIONS OF WOOD ELEMENTS IN STEM, BRANCH, AND ROOT WOOD OF BLACK OAK (QUERCUS-VELUTINA) SO IAWA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The volumetric proportions of vessel elements, fibres, rays, and axial parenchyma plus vasicentric tracheids were determined for the stem, branch and root wood of three black oak (Quercus velutina Lam.) trees. There were statistical differences in the proportions of wood elements between locations within the trees sampled, i.e., branches, stems, roots, oblique roots, and lateral roots. Branches had the highest proportion of vessel elements, whereas stems had the greatest proportion of axial parenchyma plus vasicentric tracheids. The highest proportions of rays were found in root wood. Fibre proportion was greatest in the stem and branch wood. RP STOKKE, DD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,SIU-C,CARBONDALE,IL 62901, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS PI LEIDEN PA RIJKSHERBARIUM, PO BOX 9514, 2300 LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1541 J9 IAWA J JI IAWA J. PY 1994 VL 15 IS 3 BP 301 EP 310 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PL925 UT WOS:A1994PL92500008 ER PT B AU ROSSMAN, AY AF ROSSMAN, AY BE Hawksworth, DL TI THE NEED FOR IDENTIFICATION SERVICES IN AGRICULTURE SO IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PEST ORGANISMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on the Ecological Foundations of Sustainable Agriculture (WEFSA III) - The Identification and Characterization of Pest Organisms CY JUN 09-11, 1993 CL INT MYCOL INST, EGHAM, ENGLAND SP CAB INT, SYSTEMAT ASSOC, AUSTR INT DEV ASSISTANCE BUR, COMM APPLICAT SCI AGR FORESTRY & AQUACULTURE, TECH CTR AGR & RURAL COOPERAT, DANISH INT DEV AGCY, OVERSEAS DEV ADM, ROYAL SOC LONDON, USDA HO INT MYCOL INST C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND 0X10 8DE BN 0-85198-904-7 PY 1994 BP 35 EP 46 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Mycology; Parasitology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Mycology; Parasitology GA BA80E UT WOS:A1994BA80E00003 ER PT B AU FARR, DF AF FARR, DF BE Hawksworth, DL TI INFORMATION RESOURCES FOR PEST IDENTIFICATION - DATABASES SO IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PEST ORGANISMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on the Ecological Foundations of Sustainable Agriculture (WEFSA III) - The Identification and Characterization of Pest Organisms CY JUN 09-11, 1993 CL INT MYCOL INST, EGHAM, ENGLAND SP CAB INT, SYSTEMAT ASSOC, AUSTR INT DEV ASSISTANCE BUR, COMM APPLICAT SCI AGR FORESTRY & AQUACULTURE, TECH CTR AGR & RURAL COOPERAT, DANISH INT DEV AGCY, OVERSEAS DEV ADM, ROYAL SOC LONDON, USDA HO INT MYCOL INST C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND 0X10 8DE BN 0-85198-904-7 PY 1994 BP 141 EP 152 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Mycology; Parasitology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Mycology; Parasitology GA BA80E UT WOS:A1994BA80E00012 ER PT B AU SCHAAD, NW SMITH, OP BONDE, MR PETERSON, GL BECK, RJ HATZILOUKAS, E PANOPOULOS, NJ AF SCHAAD, NW SMITH, OP BONDE, MR PETERSON, GL BECK, RJ HATZILOUKAS, E PANOPOULOS, NJ BE Hawksworth, DL TI POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF SEED-BORNE PLANT-PATHOGENS SO IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PEST ORGANISMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on the Ecological Foundations of Sustainable Agriculture (WEFSA III) - The Identification and Characterization of Pest Organisms CY JUN 09-11, 1993 CL INT MYCOL INST, EGHAM, ENGLAND SP CAB INT, SYSTEMAT ASSOC, AUSTR INT DEV ASSISTANCE BUR, COMM APPLICAT SCI AGR FORESTRY & AQUACULTURE, TECH CTR AGR & RURAL COOPERAT, DANISH INT DEV AGCY, OVERSEAS DEV ADM, ROYAL SOC LONDON, USDA HO INT MYCOL INST C1 USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES,FREDERICK,MD 21702. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND 0X10 8DE BN 0-85198-904-7 PY 1994 BP 461 EP 471 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Mycology; Parasitology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Mycology; Parasitology GA BA80E UT WOS:A1994BA80E00033 ER PT J AU JACKSON, TJ ENGMAN, ET LEVINE, D SCHMUGGE, TJ LANG, R WOOD, E TENG, W AF JACKSON, TJ ENGMAN, ET LEVINE, D SCHMUGGE, TJ LANG, R WOOD, E TENG, W TI MULTITEMPORAL PASSIVE MICROWAVE MAPPING IN MACHYDRO-90 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Letter ID SOIL-MOISTURE AB MACHYDRO'90 was an experiment conducted in Pennsylvania in 1990 to study the synergistic use of remote sensors in multitemporal hydrologic studies. As part of this mission the pushbroom microwave radiometer was flown and used to produce brightness temperature maps. Verification studies and vegetation algorithms for mixed land cover areas are described. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20052. RP JACKSON, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 1994 VL 32 IS 1 BP 201 EP 206 DI 10.1109/36.285203 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA NN925 UT WOS:A1994NN92500021 ER PT S AU GOODRICH, DC AF GOODRICH, DC BE Stein, TI TI SALSA-MEX - A LARGE-SCALE SEMIARID LAND-SURFACE-ATMOSPHERIC MOUNTAIN EXPERIMENT SO IGARSS '94 - 1994 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM VOLUMES 1-4: SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING: TECHNOLOGIES, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium on Surface and Atmospheric Remote Sensing - Technologies, Data Analysis and Interpretation (IGARSS 94) CY AUG 08-12, 1992 CL CALIF INST TECH, PASADENA, CA SP IEEE, IEEE, GEOSC & REMOTE SENSING SOC, INT UNION RADIO SCI, OPT SOC AMER, NASA, USN, OFF NAVAL RES HO CALIF INST TECH C1 USDA ARS, SW WATERSHED RES CTR, TUCSON, AZ 85719 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 0-7803-1497-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1994 BP 190 EP 193 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BC46W UT WOS:A1994BC46W00059 ER PT S AU DAUGHTRY, CST MCMURTREY, JE CHAPPELLE, EW AF DAUGHTRY, CST MCMURTREY, JE CHAPPELLE, EW BE Stein, TI TI MEASURING CROP RESIDUE COVER BY FLUORESCENCE IMAGING SO IGARSS '94 - 1994 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM VOLUMES 1-4: SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING: TECHNOLOGIES, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium on Surface and Atmospheric Remote Sensing - Technologies, Data Analysis and Interpretation (IGARSS 94) CY AUG 08-12, 1992 CL CALIF INST TECH, PASADENA, CA SP IEEE, IEEE, GEOSC & REMOTE SENSING SOC, INT UNION RADIO SCI, OPT SOC AMER, NASA, USN, OFF NAVAL RES HO CALIF INST TECH C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, REMOTE SENSING RES LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 0-7803-1497-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1994 BP 652 EP 654 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BC46W UT WOS:A1994BC46W00193 ER PT S AU MCMURTREY, J CHAPPELLE, E DAUGHTRY, C KALSHOVAN, J CORP, L KIM, M AF MCMURTREY, J CHAPPELLE, E DAUGHTRY, C KALSHOVAN, J CORP, L KIM, M BE Stein, TI TI FIELD CANOPY AND LEAF LEVEL FLUORESCENCE FOR DISTINGUISHING PLANT CONDITION DIFFERENCES DUE TO NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION LEVEL SO IGARSS '94 - 1994 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM VOLUMES 1-4: SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING: TECHNOLOGIES, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium on Surface and Atmospheric Remote Sensing - Technologies, Data Analysis and Interpretation (IGARSS 94) CY AUG 08-12, 1992 CL CALIF INST TECH, PASADENA, CA SP IEEE, IEEE, GEOSC & REMOTE SENSING SOC, INT UNION RADIO SCI, OPT SOC AMER, NASA, USN, OFF NAVAL RES HO CALIF INST TECH C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, REMOTE SENSING RES LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 0-7803-1497-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1994 BP 982 EP 985 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BC46W UT WOS:A1994BC46W00294 ER PT S AU JACKSON, TJ ALEKSA, J SWIFT, CT ONEILL, PE KOSTOV, K AF JACKSON, TJ ALEKSA, J SWIFT, CT ONEILL, PE KOSTOV, K BE Stein, TI TI DIURNAL OBSERVATIONS OF SOIL-MOISTURE WITH PASSIVE MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS SO IGARSS '94 - 1994 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM VOLUMES 1-4: SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING: TECHNOLOGIES, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium on Surface and Atmospheric Remote Sensing - Technologies, Data Analysis and Interpretation (IGARSS 94) CY AUG 08-12, 1992 CL CALIF INST TECH, PASADENA, CA SP IEEE, IEEE, GEOSC & REMOTE SENSING SOC, INT UNION RADIO SCI, OPT SOC AMER, NASA, USN, OFF NAVAL RES HO CALIF INST TECH C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, HYDROL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RI O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 0-7803-1497-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1994 BP 1570 EP 1572 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BC46W UT WOS:A1994BC46W00465 ER PT S AU QI, J CABOT, F MORAN, MS DEDIEU, G THOME, KJ AF QI, J CABOT, F MORAN, MS DEDIEU, G THOME, KJ BE Stein, TI TI BIOPHYSICAL PARAMETER RETRIEVAL USING BIDIRECTIONAL MEASUREMENTS SO IGARSS '94 - 1994 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM VOLUMES 1-4: SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING: TECHNOLOGIES, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium on Surface and Atmospheric Remote Sensing - Technologies, Data Analysis and Interpretation (IGARSS 94) CY AUG 08-12, 1992 CL CALIF INST TECH, PASADENA, CA SP IEEE, IEEE, GEOSC & REMOTE SENSING SOC, INT UNION RADIO SCI, OPT SOC AMER, NASA, USN, OFF NAVAL RES HO CALIF INST TECH C1 USDA ARS, WATER CONSERVAT LAB, PHOENIX, AZ 85040 USA. RI Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 0-7803-1497-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1994 BP 1816 EP 1818 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BC46W UT WOS:A1994BC46W00539 ER PT S AU WILLIAMS, C RIGNOT, E MCDONALD, K VIERECK, L BALSER, A WAY, J AF WILLIAMS, C RIGNOT, E MCDONALD, K VIERECK, L BALSER, A WAY, J BE Stein, TI TI AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO RADAR MAPPING OF BIOMASS IN INTERIOR ALASKA BOREAL FORESTS SO IGARSS '94 - 1994 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM VOLUMES 1-4: SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING: TECHNOLOGIES, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium on Surface and Atmospheric Remote Sensing - Technologies, Data Analysis and Interpretation (IGARSS 94) CY AUG 08-12, 1992 CL CALIF INST TECH, PASADENA, CA SP IEEE, IEEE, GEOSC & REMOTE SENSING SOC, INT UNION RADIO SCI, OPT SOC AMER, NASA, USN, OFF NAVAL RES HO CALIF INST TECH DE FOREST ECOLOGY; BOREAL; BIOMASS; SUCCESSION; FLOODPLAIN; LTER; SAR C1 US FOREST SERV, PACIFIC NW RES STN, INST NO FORESTRY, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775 USA. RI Rignot, Eric/A-4560-2014; Balser, Andrew/C-2695-2016 OI Rignot, Eric/0000-0002-3366-0481; Balser, Andrew/0000-0002-2765-1706 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 0-7803-1497-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1994 BP 1856 EP 1859 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BC46W UT WOS:A1994BC46W00551 ER PT B AU BETHLENFALVAY, GJ SCHUEPP, H AF BETHLENFALVAY, GJ SCHUEPP, H BE Gianinazzi, S Schuepp, H TI ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAS AND AGROSYSTEM STABILITY SO IMPACT OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAS ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS SE ADVANCES IN LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizas on Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Ecosystems CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 1993 CL EINSIEDELN, SWITZERLAND RP BETHLENFALVAY, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 0 TC 63 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND BN 3-7643-5000-8 J9 ADV LIF SCI PY 1994 BP 117 EP 131 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Mycology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mycology GA BB08X UT WOS:A1994BB08X00010 ER PT B AU ANDERSON, OD BLECHL, AE GREENE, FC WEEKS, JT AF ANDERSON, OD BLECHL, AE GREENE, FC WEEKS, JT BE Henry, RJ Ronalds, JA TI PROGRESS TOWARDS GENETIC-ENGINEERING OF WHEAT WITH IMPROVED QUALITY SO IMPROVEMENT OF CEREAL QUALITY BY GENETIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Improvement of Cereal Quality by Genetic Engineering, during the Guthrie Centenary Conference CY SEP 12-16, 1993 CL COOGEE BEACH, AUSTRALIA SP ROYAL AUSTR CHEM INST, CEREAL CHEM DIV RP ANDERSON, OD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-44721-5 PY 1994 BP 87 EP 95 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Genetics & Heredity GA BA90G UT WOS:A1994BA90G00011 ER PT J AU KEYS, JE VANZYL, JP FARRELL, HM AF KEYS, JE VANZYL, JP FARRELL, HM TI IN-VITRO DNA-SYNTHESIS AS INDICATOR OF MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELL DIVISION - [C-14] THYMIDINE UPTAKE VERSUS FLOW-CYTOMETRY CELL-CYCLE ANALYSIS SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE FLOW CYTOMETRY; BST; IGF-I; DNA; CASEIN; BOVINE ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE EXPLANTS; BOVINE GROWTH-HORMONE; DAIRY-COWS; FACTOR-I; INSULIN; LIVER; DIFFERENTIATION; PROLACTIN; CULTURES; LIPIDS AB Mammary and adipose explants from eight mid-lactation Holstein cows were co-cultured for 24 h in the presence or absence of liver explants, 1 mug/ml pituitary bovine somatotrophin, or 100 ng/ml insulinlike growth factor-1. Liver explants in the media significantly depressed DNA and protein synthesis by mammary tissue as measured by [C-14]-thymidine and amino acid incorporation. As measured by flow cytometry, the concentration of DNA in the G0G1 and G2M cells and the percentage of cells in the G0G1 population of mammary tissue was also significantly depressed by liver tissue. Changes in the percentage of cells in the S and G2M phases were not significant. Insulinlike growth factor-I in the presence of liver explants depressed protein synthesis, thymidine incorporation, and the concentration of DNA in the G0G1 and G2M cells compared to control but did not affect the percentage of cells in the G0G1, S, or G2M phases. Previously it was assumed that changes in [C-14]thymidine incorporation indicated that changes in cell division were occurring. Flow cytometry revealed that changes in DNA content of mammary cells as a result of liver or hormonal stimulation were not due to changes in cell division. Indications are that differences in cellular DNA content result from changes in the rate of amplification of individual genes responsible for milk protein synthesis. C1 ARC,IRENE ANIM PROD INST,IRENE 1675,SOUTH AFRICA. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP KEYS, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI UPPER MARLBORO PA 9315 LARGO DR W #255, UPPER MARLBORO, MD 20774-4755 SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 30A IS 1 BP 50 EP 55 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA NC592 UT WOS:A1994NC59200013 PM 8193774 ER PT J AU KAMO, K AF KAMO, K TI EFFECT OF PHYTOHORMONES ON PLANT-REGENERATION FROM CALLUS OF GLADIOLUS CULTIVAR JENNY-LEE SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE GLADIOLUS; PLANT REGENERATION; CALLUS; MONOCOTS; BULB CROPS ID SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA; CULTURES; ORGANOGENESIS; SUSPENSION AB Callus capable of plant regeneration was initiated at a higher frequency from the basal leaves of in vitro plants (70% explants) as compared to cormel slices (30% explants) when cultured on medium containing various concentrations of auxin. The greatest number of plants were regenerated from 4-mo.-old callus (112 plants/g fresh weight callus) cultured on medium containing 10 mg/liter (53.8 mu M) 1-naphtaleneacetic acid. The addition of 2 mg/liter (9.3 mu M) kinetin to a Murashige and Skoog's basal salts regeneration medium resulted in a average two- to three-fold increase in the number of plants regenerated compared to regeneration on medium without hormones. Ten months after callus initiation, all callus maintained on auxin-supplemented media showed a drastic reduction in its capacity to regenerate plants. Ten-month-old callus maintained on dicamba regenerated the greatest number of plants (14 to 23 plants regenerated per gram fresh weight callus) as compared to callus maintained 10 mo. on medium containing 1-napthaleneacetic acid or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Cormel slices cultured on cytokinin-supplemented media formed small amounts of callus which regenerated up to 19 plants per cormel slice within 1 to 2 mo. after the cormel slice had been placed on either 10 mg/liter (49.2 mu M) N-6-2-isopentenyladenosine or 1 mg/liter (4.4 mu M) 6-benzylaminopurine. RP KAMO, K (reprint author), US ARS,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Kamo, Kathryn/0000-0001-6862-2410 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI UPPER MARLBORO PA 9315 LARGO DR W #255, UPPER MARLBORO, MD 20774-4755 SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JAN PY 1994 VL 30P IS 1 BP 26 EP 31 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA NJ721 UT WOS:A1994NJ72100006 ER PT J AU PETROSKI, RJ BARTELT, RJ WEISLEDER, D AF PETROSKI, RJ BARTELT, RJ WEISLEDER, D TI BIOSYNTHESIS OF (2E,4E,6E)-5-ETHYL-3-METHYL-2,4,6-NONATRIENE - THE AGGREGATION PHEROMONE OF CARPOPHILUS-FREEMANI (COLEOPTERA, NITIDULIDAE) SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHEROMONE; ATTRACTANT; BIOSYNTHESIS; MIXED-ORIGIN POLYKETIDE; BUTYRATE; STABLE ISOTOPES; TRIENE; HYDROCARBON; INSECTA; COLEOPTERA; NITIDULIDAE; CARPOPHILUS-FREEMANI ID TETRAENE HYDROCARBONS; DRIEDFRUIT BEETLE; HEMIPTERUS; NMR AB The biosynthesis of the male-produced aggregation pheromone of Carpophilus freemani Dobson (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) was studied by feeding the beetles on diet containing organic acids labeled with H-2 (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) or C-13 (acetate). The emitted pheromone, (2E,4E,6E)-5-ethyl-3-methyl-2,4,6-nonatriene, was collected and analyzed by mass spectrometry and NMR spectrometry to determine the positions of isotopic labels. Studies with four deuterium-labeled synthetic pheromone standards demonstrated that mass spectrometry would be useful in locating the labels in beetle-derived samples. The pheromone is built up from one acetate unit, one propionate unit, and then two butyrate units, accompanied by the loss of the carboxyl carbon from one of the butyrates. The beetles will use propionic and butyric acid if it is available in the diet, but they are capable of making these acyl units from acetate if necessary. Biosynthetic steps for removing the acyl oxygens and making the double bonds of the pheromone are proposed to be as in usual fatty acid anabolism (reductions and dehydrations). C1 NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,ANALYT CHEM SUPPORT,USDA ARS,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP PETROSKI, RJ (reprint author), NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOACT CONSTITUENTS RES,USDA ARS,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 24 IS 1 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(94)90124-4 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA ML418 UT WOS:A1994ML41800008 ER PT B AU KELLY, TJ BELL, RA THYAGARAJA, BS MASLER, EP AF KELLY, TJ BELL, RA THYAGARAJA, BS MASLER, EP BE Borkovec, AB Loeb, MJ TI ACTIVATION OF THE PROTHORACICOTROPIC HORMONE-LIKE ACTIVITY IN PREHATCH EGGS OF THE GYPSY-MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR SO INSECT NEUROCHEMISTRY AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1993 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Insect Neurochemistry and Neurophysiology (ICINN 93) CY JUL 01-03, 1993 CL MARIANSKE LAZNE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SCHERING AG, AGROCHEM DIV, RHONE POULENC AG C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-4591-X PY 1994 BP 247 EP 250 PG 4 WC Neurosciences; Zoology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Zoology GA BA19L UT WOS:A1994BA19L00042 ER PT B AU GELMAN, DB BELL, RA AF GELMAN, DB BELL, RA BE Borkovec, AB Loeb, MJ TI PHOTOPERIODIC INFLUENCES ON ECDYSIOTROPIN LEVELS IN THE HINDGUT OF PREPUPAE OF THE EUROPEAN CORN-BORER, OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS SO INSECT NEUROCHEMISTRY AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1993 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Insect Neurochemistry and Neurophysiology (ICINN 93) CY JUL 01-03, 1993 CL MARIANSKE LAZNE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SCHERING AG, AGROCHEM DIV, RHONE POULENC AG C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-4591-X PY 1994 BP 259 EP 262 PG 4 WC Neurosciences; Zoology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Zoology GA BA19L UT WOS:A1994BA19L00045 ER PT B AU BELL, RA DEMILO, AB KELLY, TJ AF BELL, RA DEMILO, AB KELLY, TJ BE Borkovec, AB Loeb, MJ TI DISRUPTION OF DIAPAUSE AND INDUCTION OF PRECOCIOUS DEVELOPMENT AND METAMORPHOSIS IN THE GYPSY-MOTH WITH KK-42, A NOVEL ANTI-JH COMPOUND SO INSECT NEUROCHEMISTRY AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1993 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Insect Neurochemistry and Neurophysiology (ICINN 93) CY JUL 01-03, 1993 CL MARIANSKE LAZNE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SCHERING AG, AGROCHEM DIV, RHONE POULENC AG C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-4591-X PY 1994 BP 267 EP 270 PG 4 WC Neurosciences; Zoology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Zoology GA BA19L UT WOS:A1994BA19L00047 ER PT B AU LOEB, MJ WAGNER, RM GELMAN, DB KOCHANSKY, JP LUSBY, WR WOODS, CW RAO, KR AF LOEB, MJ WAGNER, RM GELMAN, DB KOCHANSKY, JP LUSBY, WR WOODS, CW RAO, KR BE Borkovec, AB Loeb, MJ TI TESTIS ECDYSIOTROPIN - SEQUENCE AND MODE OF ACTION SO INSECT NEUROCHEMISTRY AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1993 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Insect Neurochemistry and Neurophysiology (ICINN 93) CY JUL 01-03, 1993 CL MARIANSKE LAZNE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SCHERING AG, AGROCHEM DIV, RHONE POULENC AG C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-4591-X PY 1994 BP 277 EP 280 PG 4 WC Neurosciences; Zoology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Zoology GA BA19L UT WOS:A1994BA19L00049 ER PT B AU WAGNER, RM KOCHANSKY, JP RICHESON, A HAYES, JA HILL, JC FRASER, BA AF WAGNER, RM KOCHANSKY, JP RICHESON, A HAYES, JA HILL, JC FRASER, BA BE Borkovec, AB Loeb, MJ TI IDENTIFICATION OF A PEPTIDE FROM THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM OF THE HOUSE-FLY, MUSCA-DOMESTICA SO INSECT NEUROCHEMISTRY AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1993 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Insect Neurochemistry and Neurophysiology (ICINN 93) CY JUL 01-03, 1993 CL MARIANSKE LAZNE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SCHERING AG, AGROCHEM DIV, RHONE POULENC AG C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-4591-X PY 1994 BP 281 EP 284 PG 4 WC Neurosciences; Zoology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Zoology GA BA19L UT WOS:A1994BA19L00050 ER PT B AU WAGNER, RM HODKOVA, M AF WAGNER, RM HODKOVA, M BE Borkovec, AB Loeb, MJ TI PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL OF MATING-BEHAVIOR OF PYRRHOCORIS-APTERUS SO INSECT NEUROCHEMISTRY AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1993 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Insect Neurochemistry and Neurophysiology (ICINN 93) CY JUL 01-03, 1993 CL MARIANSKE LAZNE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SCHERING AG, AGROCHEM DIV, RHONE POULENC AG C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-4591-X PY 1994 BP 297 EP 300 PG 4 WC Neurosciences; Zoology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Zoology GA BA19L UT WOS:A1994BA19L00054 ER PT B AU NACHMAN, RJ YAMAMOTO, D HOLMAN, GM BEIER, RC AF NACHMAN, RJ YAMAMOTO, D HOLMAN, GM BEIER, RC BE Borkovec, AB Loeb, MJ TI PSEUDOPEPTIDES AND A NONPEPTIDE THAT MIMIC THE BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY OF THE MYOSUPPRESSIN INSECT NEUROPEPTIDE FAMILY SO INSECT NEUROCHEMISTRY AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1993 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Insect Neurochemistry and Neurophysiology (ICINN 93) CY JUL 01-03, 1993 CL MARIANSKE LAZNE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SCHERING AG, AGROCHEM DIV, RHONE POULENC AG C1 USDA,FAPRL,VET ENTOMOL RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-4591-X PY 1994 BP 319 EP 322 PG 4 WC Neurosciences; Zoology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Zoology GA BA19L UT WOS:A1994BA19L00059 ER PT B AU MASLER, EP WAGNER, RM AF MASLER, EP WAGNER, RM BE Borkovec, AB Loeb, MJ TI METABOLIC ENZYMES OF BIOACTIVE NEUROPEPTIDES IN THE GYPSY-MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR SO INSECT NEUROCHEMISTRY AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1993 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Insect Neurochemistry and Neurophysiology (ICINN 93) CY JUL 01-03, 1993 CL MARIANSKE LAZNE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SCHERING AG, AGROCHEM DIV, RHONE POULENC AG C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-4591-X PY 1994 BP 329 EP 332 PG 4 WC Neurosciences; Zoology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Zoology GA BA19L UT WOS:A1994BA19L00061 ER PT J AU Jolly, DF AF Jolly, DF BE Baumgartner, DM Lotan, JE Tonn, JR TI A vision for managing interior cedar-hemlock-white pine forests SO INTERIOR CEDAR-HEMLOCK-WHITE PINE FORESTS: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interior Cedar-Hemlock-White Pine Forests - Ecology and Management CY MAR 02-04, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Cooperat Extens, Univ Idaho, Coll Forestry Wildlife & Range Sci, USDA Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn, No Reg, Soc Amer Foresters, Inland Empire Soc C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,MISSOULA,MT 59807. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY DEPT NATURAL RESOURCES SCI PI PULLMAN PA 131 JOHNSON HALL WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, PULLMAN, WA 99164-6410 PY 1994 BP 7 EP 8 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF66K UT WOS:A1994BF66K00002 ER PT J AU Moeur, M AF Moeur, M BE Baumgartner, DM Lotan, JE Tonn, JR TI Spatial pattern development in old-growth hemlock/cedar forests SO INTERIOR CEDAR-HEMLOCK-WHITE PINE FORESTS: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interior Cedar-Hemlock-White Pine Forests - Ecology and Management CY MAR 02-04, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Cooperat Extens, Univ Idaho, Coll Forestry Wildlife & Range Sci, USDA Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn, No Reg, Soc Amer Foresters, Inland Empire Soc DE old growth; stand development; spatial analysis; canopy; natural regeneration C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,USDA,MOSCOW,ID 83843. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY DEPT NATURAL RESOURCES SCI PI PULLMAN PA 131 JOHNSON HALL WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, PULLMAN, WA 99164-6410 PY 1994 BP 57 EP 68 PG 12 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF66K UT WOS:A1994BF66K00009 ER PT B AU Rehfeldt, GE AF Rehfeldt, GE BE Baumgartner, DM Lotan, JE Tonn, JR TI Evolutionary genetics, the biological species, and the ecology of the interior cedar-hemlock forests SO INTERIOR CEDAR-HEMLOCK-WHITE PINE FORESTS: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interior Cedar-Hemlock-White Pine Forests - Ecology and Management CY MAR 02-04, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Cooperat Extens, Univ Idaho, Coll Forestry Wildlife & Range Sci, USDA Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn, No Reg, Soc Amer Foresters, Inland Empire Soc DE ecological genetics; evolutionary ecology; gene resource management C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,USDA,MOSCOW,ID 83843. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY DEPT NATURAL RESOURCES SCI PI PULLMAN PA 131 JOHNSON HALL WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, PULLMAN, WA 99164-6410 PY 1994 BP 91 EP 100 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF66K UT WOS:A1994BF66K00012 ER PT J AU Howe, GE Smith, J AF Howe, GE Smith, J BE Baumgartner, DM Lotan, JE Tonn, JR TI The western white pine operational breeding program: A progress report SO INTERIOR CEDAR-HEMLOCK-WHITE PINE FORESTS: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interior Cedar-Hemlock-White Pine Forests - Ecology and Management CY MAR 02-04, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Cooperat Extens, Univ Idaho, Coll Forestry Wildlife & Range Sci, USDA Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn, No Reg, Soc Amer Foresters, Inland Empire Soc C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,MISSOULA,MT 59807. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY DEPT NATURAL RESOURCES SCI PI PULLMAN PA 131 JOHNSON HALL WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, PULLMAN, WA 99164-6410 PY 1994 BP 101 EP 103 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF66K UT WOS:A1994BF66K00013 ER PT J AU Schwandt, JW Marsden, MA McDonald, GI AF Schwandt, JW Marsden, MA McDonald, GI BE Baumgartner, DM Lotan, JE Tonn, JR TI Pruning and thinning effects on white pine survival and volume in northern Idaho SO INTERIOR CEDAR-HEMLOCK-WHITE PINE FORESTS: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interior Cedar-Hemlock-White Pine Forests - Ecology and Management CY MAR 02-04, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Cooperat Extens, Univ Idaho, Coll Forestry Wildlife & Range Sci, USDA Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn, No Reg, Soc Amer Foresters, Inland Empire Soc DE white pine blister rust; pruning and thinning; Pinus monticola C1 US FOREST SERV,COER DALENE,ID 83814. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY DEPT NATURAL RESOURCES SCI PI PULLMAN PA 131 JOHNSON HALL WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, PULLMAN, WA 99164-6410 PY 1994 BP 167 EP 172 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF66K UT WOS:A1994BF66K00020 ER PT J AU Hejl, SJ Paige, LC AF Hejl, SJ Paige, LC BE Baumgartner, DM Lotan, JE Tonn, JR TI A preliminary assessment of birds in continuous and fragmented forests of western redcedar western hemlock in northern Idaho SO INTERIOR CEDAR-HEMLOCK-WHITE PINE FORESTS: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interior Cedar-Hemlock-White Pine Forests - Ecology and Management CY MAR 02-04, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Cooperat Extens, Univ Idaho, Coll Forestry Wildlife & Range Sci, USDA Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn, No Reg, Soc Amer Foresters, Inland Empire Soc DE landscape ecology C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,MISSOULA,MT 59807. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY DEPT NATURAL RESOURCES SCI PI PULLMAN PA 131 JOHNSON HALL WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, PULLMAN, WA 99164-6410 PY 1994 BP 189 EP 197 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF66K UT WOS:A1994BF66K00023 ER PT J AU Reinhardt, ED Graham, RT Jain, TB Simmerman, DG AF Reinhardt, ED Graham, RT Jain, TB Simmerman, DG BE Baumgartner, DM Lotan, JE Tonn, JR TI Short-term effects of prescribed fire in grand fir white pine western hemlock slash fuels SO INTERIOR CEDAR-HEMLOCK-WHITE PINE FORESTS: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interior Cedar-Hemlock-White Pine Forests - Ecology and Management CY MAR 02-04, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Cooperat Extens, Univ Idaho, Coll Forestry Wildlife & Range Sci, USDA Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn, No Reg, Soc Amer Foresters, Inland Empire Soc DE prescribed fire; fire effects; duff; fuel; regeneration C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MISSOULA,MT 59807. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY DEPT NATURAL RESOURCES SCI PI PULLMAN PA 131 JOHNSON HALL WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, PULLMAN, WA 99164-6410 PY 1994 BP 221 EP 225 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF66K UT WOS:A1994BF66K00027 ER PT J AU Elliot, WJ Foltz, RB Robichaud, PR AF Elliot, WJ Foltz, RB Robichaud, PR BE Baumgartner, DM Lotan, JE Tonn, JR TI A tool for estimating disturbed forest site sediment production SO INTERIOR CEDAR-HEMLOCK-WHITE PINE FORESTS: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interior Cedar-Hemlock-White Pine Forests - Ecology and Management CY MAR 02-04, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Cooperat Extens, Univ Idaho, Coll Forestry Wildlife & Range Sci, USDA Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn, No Reg, Soc Amer Foresters, Inland Empire Soc DE soil erosion modeling prediction WEPP C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY DEPT NATURAL RESOURCES SCI PI PULLMAN PA 131 JOHNSON HALL WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, PULLMAN, WA 99164-6410 PY 1994 BP 233 EP 236 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF66K UT WOS:A1994BF66K00029 ER PT B AU Ferguson, DE AF Ferguson, DE BE Baumgartner, DM Lotan, JE Tonn, JR TI Natural regeneration following timber harvest in interior cedar-hemlock-white pine forests SO INTERIOR CEDAR-HEMLOCK-WHITE PINE FORESTS: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interior Cedar-Hemlock-White Pine Forests - Ecology and Management CY MAR 02-04, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Cooperat Extens, Univ Idaho, Coll Forestry Wildlife & Range Sci, USDA Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn, No Reg, Soc Amer Foresters, Inland Empire Soc DE succession; reforestation; Northern Rocky Mountains C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,MOSCOW,ID 83843. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY DEPT NATURAL RESOURCES SCI PI PULLMAN PA 131 JOHNSON HALL WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, PULLMAN, WA 99164-6410 PY 1994 BP 239 EP 247 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF66K UT WOS:A1994BF66K00030 ER PT B AU Graham, RT Tonn, JR Jain, TB Adams, DL AF Graham, RT Tonn, JR Jain, TB Adams, DL BE Baumgartner, DM Lotan, JE Tonn, JR TI The role of silviculture in ecosystem management: A practice in transition SO INTERIOR CEDAR-HEMLOCK-WHITE PINE FORESTS: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interior Cedar-Hemlock-White Pine Forests - Ecology and Management CY MAR 02-04, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Cooperat Extens, Univ Idaho, Coll Forestry Wildlife & Range Sci, USDA Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn, No Reg, Soc Amer Foresters, Inland Empire Soc DE western white pine; Northern Rocky Mountains; landscapes; western redcedar; western hemlock C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY DEPT NATURAL RESOURCES SCI PI PULLMAN PA 131 JOHNSON HALL WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, PULLMAN, WA 99164-6410 PY 1994 BP 269 EP 275 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF66K UT WOS:A1994BF66K00034 ER PT B AU Monserud, RA Haight, RG AF Monserud, RA Haight, RG BE Baumgartner, DM Lotan, JE Tonn, JR TI The economics of silvicultural systems: Optimal management of cedar-hemlock white pine stands SO INTERIOR CEDAR-HEMLOCK-WHITE PINE FORESTS: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interior Cedar-Hemlock-White Pine Forests - Ecology and Management CY MAR 02-04, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Cooperat Extens, Univ Idaho, Coll Forestry Wildlife & Range Sci, USDA Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn, No Reg, Soc Amer Foresters, Inland Empire Soc DE optimal harvesting; even-age management; uneven-age management; single-tree simulator; Stand Prognosis Model C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY DEPT NATURAL RESOURCES SCI PI PULLMAN PA 131 JOHNSON HALL WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, PULLMAN, WA 99164-6410 PY 1994 BP 293 EP 302 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF66K UT WOS:A1994BF66K00037 ER PT J AU Hagle, S Byler, J JeheberMatthews, S Barth, R Stock, J Hansen, B Hubbard, C AF Hagle, S Byler, J JeheberMatthews, S Barth, R Stock, J Hansen, B Hubbard, C BE Baumgartner, DM Lotan, JE Tonn, JR TI Root disease in the Coeur d'Alene River basin: An assessment SO INTERIOR CEDAR-HEMLOCK-WHITE PINE FORESTS: ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interior Cedar-Hemlock-White Pine Forests - Ecology and Management CY MAR 02-04, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Cooperat Extens, Univ Idaho, Coll Forestry Wildlife & Range Sci, USDA Forest Serv, Intermountain Res Stn, No Reg, Soc Amer Foresters, Inland Empire Soc C1 USDA,FOREST SERV NO REG,MISSOULA,MT 59807. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY DEPT NATURAL RESOURCES SCI PI PULLMAN PA 131 JOHNSON HALL WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, PULLMAN, WA 99164-6410 PY 1994 BP 335 EP 344 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BF66K UT WOS:A1994BF66K00045 ER PT J AU HELM, RM BRENNER, RJ WILLIAMS, LW BURKS, AW AF HELM, RM BRENNER, RJ WILLIAMS, LW BURKS, AW TI ISOLATION OF THE 36-KD GERMAN (BLATTELLA-GERMANICA) COCKROACH ALLERGEN USING FAST PROTEIN LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COCKROACH; ALLERGEN ID AMERICAN PERIPLANETA-AMERICANA; IDENTIFICATION; HYPERSENSITIVITY; PURIFICATION; ANTIGENS; EXTRACTS; ASTHMA AB Cockroach allergens have been established as important sensitizing agents in the induction of asthma. In the present investigation, we identified a 36-kD allergen from German cockroach (Blattella germanica) using fast protein liquid chromatography that reacted in the Bla g II monoclonal assay developed by Pollart et al. Defatted whole body German cockroaches were extracted in phosphate-buffered saline and fractionated using gel filtration (Superdex 75) and anion exchange (MonoQ) chromatography. The 36-kD allergen was isolated from this enriched allergen preparation by excision from modified preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gels, electroelution, dialysis and lyophilization. SDS-PAGE/Western immunoblot analysis using a serum pool of cockroach-sensitive individuals revealed a single band. The lyophilized 36-kD allergen was then analyzed for amino acid composition and digested for peptide amino acid sequencing. C1 USDA,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL. DUKE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DURHAM,NC 27706. RP HELM, RM (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,ARKANSAS CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,800 MARSHALL ST,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72202, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR05350]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI26629-04] NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1018-2438 J9 INT ARCH ALLERGY IMM JI Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. PY 1994 VL 103 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 PG 8 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA MN772 UT WOS:A1994MN77200009 PM 8260851 ER PT J AU GAST, RK AF GAST, RK TI UNDERSTANDING SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS IN LAYING CHICKENS - THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL INFECTIONS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; EXPERIMENTAL INFECTIONS; CHICKEN; EGG ID PHAGE TYPE-4; EGG TRANSMISSION; YOUNG CHICKENS; HENS; PT4; RESPONSES; LAID AB A significant proportion of human Salmonella enteritidis (SE) outbreaks in recent years has been traced to the consumption of contaminated eggs produced by infected laying flocks. Experimental SE infections in chickens have been used to acquire a considerable amount of basic information about the interaction between SE and the avian host. After oral or parenteral inoculation of chickens, SE can colonize the intestinal tract, invade and disseminate to reach numerous internal organ sites, and elicit the production of specific antibodies in serum and egg yolks. Experimental infection of laying hens can result in the deposition of SE in the contents of eggs before oviposition, although generally in rather small numbers and at a relatively low frequency. The consequences of experimental SE infection have been shown to vary significantly with the strain and dose of the inoculum. Some SE isolates have been shown to produce various clinical effects, including decreased egg production by hens. The information provided by experimental SE infections in chickens has played an important role in the formulation of appropriate strategies for reducing the incidence of SE in commercial laying flocks and thereby also reducing the incidence of transmission of SE to consumers via contaminated eggs. RP GAST, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 30 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 21 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1016/0168-1605(94)90204-6 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA MX773 UT WOS:A1994MX77300013 PM 8155468 ER PT J AU MASON, J AF MASON, J TI SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS CONTROL PROGRAMS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLOSIS; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS CONTROL PROGRAM; PILOT PROJECT AB A sharply rising incidence of salmonellosis in humans caused by Salmonella enteritidis (SE) in the United States between 1985 and 1989 resulted in a government-sponsored outbreak traceback program which was started in 1990. Layer flocks considered the sources of egg-implicated outbreaks would be tested for SE and the eggs from these flocks would be diverted to pasteurization plants. A program to eliminate SE from primary and multiplier breeding flocks was started at the same time. A subsequent spent hen survey and a survey of prepasteurized liquid egg material revealed that SE was much more prevalent than had been suspected, and that the highest prevalence was found in the northeastern and middle Atlantic states. Since the SE rates did not decrease during the next 2 years, a pilot project was started in 1992 in Pennsylvania, in one of the most highly affected areas. The project was designed to reduce the number of SE outbreaks by diverting eggs from SE-affected flocks and at the same time attempting to delineate the epidemiology and control aspects of the disease. With the results generated during the first 18 months of the Pilot Project, a much larger SE prevention program will start in the same area, in October 1993. RP MASON, J (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS CONTROL PROGRAM,VS 6525 BELCREST RD,SUITE 205,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. RI Tast Lahti, Elina/R-8664-2016 NR 4 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 21 IS 1-2 BP 155 EP 169 DI 10.1016/0168-1605(94)90208-9 PG 15 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA MX773 UT WOS:A1994MX77300017 PM 8155473 ER PT J AU CORNICK, NA JENSEN, NS STAHL, DA HARTMAN, PA ALLISON, MJ AF CORNICK, NA JENSEN, NS STAHL, DA HARTMAN, PA ALLISON, MJ TI LACHNOSPIRA-PECTINOSCHIZA SP-NOV AN ANAEROBIC PECTINOPHILE FROM THE PIG INTESTINE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEN-NOV; TRACT; RNA; DIVERSITY; HUMANS; MEDIA; ACIDS AB Pectinophiles are bacteria that utilize pectin and only a few related compounds as substrates. Obligately anaerobic pectinophiles have been isolated from the intestinal tracts and gingivae of humans and from the rumina of cattle. We isolated three strains of pectinophilic bacteria from colonic contents of pigs but were unable to isolate pectinophiles from the rumen contents of four sheep, even when the animals were fed a high-pectin diet. The pectinophiles isolated from pigs were strictly anaerobic, motile, gram-positive rods (0.36 to 0.56 by 2.4 to 3.1 mum). Pectin, polygalacturonic acid, and gluconate were the only substrates that supported rapid growth. All three strains grew slowly on either lactose or cellobiose and fermented fructose after a lag of several days. Pectin was degraded by means of an extracellular pectin methylesterase and a Ca2+-dependent exopectate lyase. A comparison of the 16S rRNA sequences of these isolates with the 16S rRNA sequences of other gram-positive bacteria revealed a specific relationship with Lachnospira multipara (level of similarity, 94%). The Gram reaction, formation of spore-like structures, and the utilization of lactose and cellobiose differentiated the pig isolates from previously described pectinophiles. The pig isolates represent a previously undescribed species of the genus Lachnospira, for which we propose the name Lachnospira pectinoschiza. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50010. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL & MICROBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 42 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 44 IS 1 BP 87 EP 93 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MQ585 UT WOS:A1994MQ58500011 PM 8123565 ER PT J AU NAKAMURA, LK AF NAKAMURA, LK TI DNA RELATEDNESS AMONG BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS SEROVARS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; SUBSP-NOV; COMB-NOV; CEREUS; ANTHRACIS; TAXONOMY AB The genetic relationships of Bacillus cereus and of the Bacillus thuringiensis serovars were assessed from measurements of DNA reassociation. A study of 8 to 10 strains each of 13 of the most commonly encountered serovars revealed that the levels of intragroup DNA relatedness for most serovars ranged from 90 to 100%. In contrast, B. thuringiensis serovars canadensis and kenyae consisted of two DNA relatedness groups, each of which exhibited levels of intragroup relatedness of 80% or higher and levels of intergroup relatedness of 60 to 70%. Analyses of DNA relatedness performed with all of the serovars revealed that the taxa were segregated into 11 phena differentiated from each other at about the 65% level; within each phenon the level of relatedness was 80% or higher. Three phena contained strains belonging to more than one serovar, B. thuringiensis serovars alesti and dendrolimus clustered in phenon 1, serovars aizawai, kurstaki, galleriae, and morrisoni clustered in phenon 7, and serovar darmstadiensis and some strains of serovar kenyae clustered in phenon 11. The levels of DNA relatedness between B. cereus and B. thuringiensis strains ranged between 65 and 70%. My results suggest that many of the B. thuringiensis serovars are genetically distinct but closely related. RP NAKAMURA, LK (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MICROBIAL PROPERTIES RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 31 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 44 IS 1 BP 125 EP 129 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MQ585 UT WOS:A1994MQ58500017 PM 8123555 ER PT J AU HUBER, SC HUBER, JL MCMICHAEL, RW AF HUBER, SC HUBER, JL MCMICHAEL, RW TI CONTROL OF PLANT ENZYME-ACTIVITY BY REVERSIBLE PROTEIN-PHOSPHORYLATION SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY - A SURVEY OF CELL BIOLOGY, VOL 149 SE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY-A SURVEY OF CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE-SYNTHASE; PYRUVATE-DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX; LEAF PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; NITRATE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; MESEMBRYANTHEMUM-CRYSTALLINUM L; ATP-DEPENDENT INACTIVATION; ADP-MEDIATED INACTIVATION; SERINE KINASE-ACTIVITY; DARK-LIGHT REGULATION; MEMBRANE H+-ATPASE C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP HUBER, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 178 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0074-7696 J9 INT REV CYTOL JI Int.Rev.Cytol. PY 1994 VL 149 BP 47 EP 98 PG 52 GA BA94Y UT WOS:A1994BA94Y00002 ER PT S AU WANG, CY AF WANG, CY BE Sass, P TI Reduction of chilling injury by methyl jasmonate SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POSTHARVEST TREATMENT OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS, VOLS I AND II SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Postharvest Treatment of Horticultural Crops CY AUG 31-SEP 03, 1993 CL KECSKEMET, HUNGARY SP ISHS, Sci, Commiss Postharvest Biol & Technol, ISHS, Working Grp Postharvest Handling Fruits, ISHS, Working Grp Postharvest Handling Vegetables, ISHS, Working Grp Qual Ornamentals, ISHS, Working Grp Postharvest Technol Trop DE CUCURBITA PEPO; POLYAMINES; PUTRESCINE; SPERMIDINE; SPERMINE C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LOUVAIN PA KARDINAAL MERCLERLAAN 92, 3001 LOUVAIN, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-236-8 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1994 IS 368 BP 901 EP 907 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BE01D UT WOS:A1994BE01D00110 ER PT J AU WADZINSKI, L KNAPP, D AF WADZINSKI, L KNAPP, D BE VanderStoep, GA Cho, HY TI Saving the ''unwild'' wilderness through interpretation SO INTERPRETIVE SOURCEBOOK: THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1994 NATIONAL INTERPRETERS' WORKSHOP: IMAGES AND PERCEPTIONS: INTERPRETATION MAKES THE DIFFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 National Interpreters Workshop on Images and Perceptions - Interpretation Makes the Difference CY NOV 01-06, 1994 CL CLEVELAND, OH SP Natl Assoc Interpretat DE WILDERNESS; WILDERNESS EDUCATION; PARTNERSHIP; CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT; RESEARCH; LIMITS OF ACCEPTABLE CHANGE (LAC) C1 US FOREST SERV,HOOSIER NATL FOREST,BROWNSTOWN,IN 47220. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATIONAL ASSOCIATION INTERPRETATION PI FT COLLINS PA PO BOX 1892, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 PY 1994 BP 213 EP 214 PG 2 WC Education & Educational Research; History SC Education & Educational Research; History GA BE11C UT WOS:A1994BE11C00083 ER PT J AU DOMIER, LL LUKASHEVA, LI DARCY, CJ AF DOMIER, LL LUKASHEVA, LI DARCY, CJ TI COAT PROTEIN SEQUENCES OF RMV-LIKE STRAINS OF BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS SEPARATE THEM FROM OTHER LUTEOVIRUSES SO INTERVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES; HOMOLOGY; MAIZE ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RNA; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; ISOLATE AB Illinois (IL) and Minnesota (MN) RMV-like strains of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) were identified from maize displaying red leaf symptoms by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antiserum against a New York strain (BYDV-RMV-NY). Some IL and MN strains, but not the NY strain, could be detected by ELISA with a monoclonal antibody raised against BYDV-RPVNY. The region of the viral genome representing the coat protein gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide sequences of the BYDV-RMV-IL and BYDV-RMV-MN coat protein genes differed at just five nucleotide positions while the BYDV-RMV-IL and BYDV-RMV-NY differed at 101 of the 591 positions. The predicted amino acid sequences of the coat proteins of RMV-like strains from IL, MN, and NY shared approximately 60% identity with those of the coat proteins of beet western yellows virus, BYDV-RPV-NY, and potato leafroll virus. C1 MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. RP DOMIER, LL (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA,ARS,MWA,CPRU,1102 S GOODWIN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-5526 J9 INTERVIROLOGY JI Intervirology PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 37 IS 1 BP 2 EP 5 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA NV589 UT WOS:A1994NV58900001 PM 7928284 ER PT S AU SVOBODA, JA FELDLAUFER, MF WEIRICH, GF AF SVOBODA, JA FELDLAUFER, MF WEIRICH, GF BE Nes, WD TI EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS OF STEROID UTILIZATION IN INSECTS SO ISOPENTENOIDS AND OTHER NATURAL PRODUCTS: EVOLUTION AND FUNCTION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Isopentenoids and Other Natural Products: Evolution and Function, at the 205th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 28-APR 02, 1993 CL DENVER, CO SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM ID OCTOSPINOSUS REICH HYMENOPTERA; MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE; MAKISTERONE-A; HONEY BEE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; APIS-MELLIFERA; DYSDERCUS-FASCIATUS; ECDYSTEROID CONTENT; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; NEUTRAL STEROLS AB Since insects are unable to biosynthesize the steroid nucleus, they require dietary sterols for structural and physiological (hormonal) purposes. Cholesterol will satisfy this dietary need in most cases, but since phytophagous insects ingest little or no cholesterol from dietary materials, they must convert dietary C-28 and C-29 phytosterols to cholesterol or other sterols. Through evolutionary development, certain insects have acquired the ability to metabolize dietary sterols in unique ways and to produce and utilize a variety of ecdysteroids (molting hormones) for hormonal control of development and reproduction. Thus, insects are able to flourish in virtually every conceivable ecological niche. Certain comparative studies that illustrate these evolutionary processes will be discussed in this chapter. RP SVOBODA, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2934-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1994 VL 562 BP 126 EP 139 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA BB32L UT WOS:A1994BB32L00007 ER PT J AU RODRIGUEZPEDRAZA, CD WALKER, R DEOLIVEIRA, PM AF RODRIGUEZPEDRAZA, CD WALKER, R DEOLIVEIRA, PM GP INT SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING TI Use of GPS with Landsat TM images to identify main crops in farms along the Transamazonica highway, Brazil SO ISPRS COMMISSION VII SYMPOSIUM - RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 30, PTS 7A & 7B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ISPRS Commission VII Symposium on Resource and Environmental Monitoring CY SEP 26-30, 1994 CL RIO JANEIRO, BRAZIL SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Int Arch Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE GPS; LANDSAT TM; TRANSAMAZONICA HIGHWAY; LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; SATELLITES IMAGES; CROP-SENSITIVE C1 US FOREST SERV,INT INST TROP FORESTRY,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INSTITUTO NACIONAL PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS PI S JOSE CAMPOS PA COORDINATION INST RELATIONS CAIXA POSTAL 515, 12201-970 S JOSE CAMPOS, BRAZIL PY 1994 BP A35 EP A42 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Geography; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BD88T UT WOS:A1994BD88T00007 ER PT J AU GROOM, LH LEICHTI, RJ AF GROOM, LH LEICHTI, RJ TI EFFECT OF ADHESIVE STIFFNESS AND THICKNESS ON STRESS DISTRIBUTIONS IN STRUCTURAL FINGER JOINTS SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION LA English DT Article DE FINGER JOINT; STRESS DISTRIBUTION; FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; LONGITUDINAL STRESS; SHEAR STRESS; WOOD; ADHESIVE JOINTS; MECHANICAL ANALYSIS; THEORY ID FINITE-ELEMENT; BONDED JOINTS AB Environmental, political, and socioeconomic actions over the past several years have resulted in a decreased wood supply at a time when there is an increased demand for forest products. This combination of increased demand and decreased supply has forced more emphasis on engineered wood products, a varied category usually connected with adhesively-bonded end joints, of which the most common type is the finger joint. This paper presents the results of a finite-element analysis of structural finger joints, and focuses primarily on the effect of adhesive stiffness and thickness on stress distribution patterns in finger joints. Results indicate that a flexible adhesive layer concentrates adherend longitudinal and radial stresses at the finger base, whereas a stiff adhesive layer minimizes adherend stresses but increases adhesive stress levels. Results also show that a thin adhesive layer concentrates longitudinal adherend stresses at the juncture of the finger tip and flexible finger base and concentrates radial stresses at all finger bases. However, these increased longitudinal and radial stresses are balanced by reduced adhesive shear stresses. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST PROD,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP GROOM, LH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0021-8464 J9 J ADHESION JI J. Adhes. PY 1994 VL 44 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 83 DI 10.1080/00218469408026617 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA QH687 UT WOS:A1994QH68700005 ER PT J AU BUTTERY, RG LING, LC AF BUTTERY, RG LING, LC TI IMPORTANCE OF 2-AMINOACETOPHENONE TO THE FLAVOR OF MASA CORN FLOUR PRODUCTS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note RP BUTTERY, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 42 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1021/jf00037a001 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MY161 UT WOS:A1994MY16100001 ER PT J AU FRIEDMAN, M AF FRIEDMAN, M TI IMPROVEMENT IN THE SAFETY OF FOODS BY SH-CONTAINING AMINO-ACIDS AND PEPTIDES - A REVIEW SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID SULFHYDRYL-GROUPS; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; N-ACETYLCYSTEINE; ASCORBIC-ACID; SOY FLOUR; PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; THERMAL INTERACTION; POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; TRYPSIN-INHIBITORS; AVAILABLE LYSINE AB Most food toxicants have specific groups responsible for their deleterious effects. Modifying such sites with site-specific amino acids, peptides, and proteins should lessen their toxicity. Sulfhydryl (SH) groups are particularly suited to achieve this objective because of their great reactivity. The chemical reactivities of SH compounds are much greater than would be expected from their pK values. This enhanced reactivity results from (a) polarization of outer shell sulfur electrons; (b) the availability of d-orbitals in the electronic structure of sulfur, permitting d-orbital overlap during the formation of transition states; and (c) the ability of sulfur to act as a free-radical trap, whereby free electrons in highly reactive oxygen radicals are transferred or dissipated to sulfur atoms. This overview covers the biological utilization and safety of sulfur amino acids and possible approaches to ameliorating adverse effects of representative food ingredients, based on the reactivity of the sulfhydryl group with electrophilic centers. The latter include (a) the double bond of the furan ring of aflatoxins to suppress mutagenicity, (b) the double bond of dehydroalanine to prevent lysinoalanine formation, (c) the conjugated system of quinones to inhibit nonenzymatic and enzymatic browning in potatoes and other foods, and (d) the disulfide bonds of soybean inhibitors of digestive enzymes to facilitate inactivation through sulfhydryl-disulfide interchange. Possible benefits of these transformations to food safety, food quality, nutrition, and health and suggestions for future research are discussed. RP FRIEDMAN, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY & HLTH RES UNIT,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 187 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 42 IS 1 BP 3 EP 20 DI 10.1021/jf00037a002 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MY161 UT WOS:A1994MY16100002 ER PT J AU WU, KJ ZHANG, WB ADDIS, PB EPLEY, RJ SALIH, AM LEHRFELD, J AF WU, KJ ZHANG, WB ADDIS, PB EPLEY, RJ SALIH, AM LEHRFELD, J TI ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF WILD-RICE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HULL ANTIOXIDANTS AB Wild rice was extracted with methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate. The yields of extracts were 3.9%, 1.9%, and 1.0%, respectively. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance values in ground beef and by peroxide values in lard. The methanol and ethanol extracts showed a significant antioxidant activity when added to ground beef and lard. Wild rice hull extract also showed appreciable antioxidant activity in ground beef. Pulverized cooked and uncooked wild rice substantially reduced rancidity in ground beef, and therefore can be used as an ''antioxidant ingredient'' for commercial applications in food systems such as meat products. By using both P-31 and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, it was established with certainty that the isolate from the wild rice extract is phytic acid. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT FOOD SCI & NUTR,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ANIM SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 15 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 42 IS 1 BP 34 EP 37 DI 10.1021/jf00037a004 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MY161 UT WOS:A1994MY16100004 ER PT J AU DIONIGI, CP INGRAM, DA AF DIONIGI, CP INGRAM, DA TI EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND OXYGEN CONCENTRATION ON GEOSMIN PRODUCTION BY STREPTOMYCES-TENDAE AND PENICILLIUM-EXPANSUM SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METABOLITE; WATER AB Streptomyces tendae cultures incubated at 30 and 45 degrees C for 48 h produced more biomass and more of the earthy odorant geosmin (1 alpha,10 beta-dimethyl-9 alpha-decalol) than those incubated at 10 and 20 degrees C, indicating an association between biomass production and geosmin accumulation in these bacterial cultures. However, the fungus Penicillium expansum incubated at 20 degrees C produced ca. 85% more biomass than those incubated at 40 degrees C, and cells incubated at 40 degrees C contained an order of magnitude higher concentration of geosmin than those incubated at 20 degrees C. Exposure to 10% O-2 and 90% N-2 increased the accumulation of geosmin by P. expansum cells compared to ambient atmosphere-incubated controls. However, O-2 enrichment (30% O-2, 70% N-2) increased the geosmin accumulation by cultures of S. tendae compared to ambient atmosphere-incubated controls. RP DIONIGI, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD FLAVOR QUAL UNIT,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 17 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 42 IS 1 BP 143 EP 145 DI 10.1021/jf00037a025 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MY161 UT WOS:A1994MY16100025 ER PT J AU VAUGHN, SF SPENCER, GF AF VAUGHN, SF SPENCER, GF TI ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS AGAINST THIABENDAZOLE-RESISTANT FUSARIUM-SAMBUCINUM STRAINS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FUNGITOXIC ACTIVITY; POTATO-TUBERS; ROT AB Several natural compounds that had been previously identified as effective potato sprout inhibitors were examined for antifungal activity against three thiabendazole (TBZ)-resistant strains and a TBZ-sensitive (wild-type) strain of Fusarium sambucinum. Salicylaldehyde was the most inhibitory compound of those tested when applied as a volatile and completely inhibited fungal growth at headspace gas levels of 20 mu g/mL or lower. Cinnamaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, and thymol prevented all growth when incorporated in media at 0.1% (v/v) levels. TBZ-resistant strains were only partially inhibited by TBZ concentrations that completely inhibited the wild-type strain. Treatment of tubers with compounds after wounding and inoculation with fungal spores was generally ineffective in suppressing dry rot, possibly due to lack of direct contact between the fungi and the compounds, RP VAUGHN, SF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 42 IS 1 BP 200 EP 203 DI 10.1021/jf00037a036 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MY161 UT WOS:A1994MY16100036 ER PT J AU KHOSHKHOO, N HEDIN, PA MCCARTY, JC AF KHOSHKHOO, N HEDIN, PA MCCARTY, JC TI TERPENOID ALDEHYDES IN ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT COTTON PLANTS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-WILT COMPLEX AB High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a reversed-phased column was used to determine whether a correlation existed between the concentration of terpenoid aldehydes (TAs) in roots and leaves of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants and the level of host plant resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood (RKN). Several susceptible and resistant lines of glanded and glandless cotton plants were examined. Root TA contents of three resistant lines increased by the fourth day after inoculation. However, two of the resistant lines, one glanded and the other glandless, had very low intrinsic TA contents. While they increased after inoculation, they were still much lower than those of a susceptible glanded line. Thus, increases in TAs apparently cannot be correlated with, or explain resistance to, the RKN in all lines. Analyses of TAs in leaves did not prove helpful in identifying trends that could be correlated with resistance. C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 42 IS 1 BP 204 EP 208 DI 10.1021/jf00037a037 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MY161 UT WOS:A1994MY16100037 ER PT J AU WEATHERSBEE, AA HARDEE, DD MEREDITH, WR AF WEATHERSBEE, AA HARDEE, DD MEREDITH, WR TI EFFECTS OF COTTON GENOTYPE ON SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF COTTON APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COTTON; COTTON APHID; HOMOPTERA; APHIDIDAE; APHIS-GOSSYPII; HOST PLANT RESISTANCE AB Abundance of cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover, was monitored on 24 cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., genotypes grown in small field plots during 1992. Lower numbers of aphids were found on glabrous than on pubescent cotton genotypes. Mean counts of aphids per leaf ranged from 12.86 to 34.21 among cotton genotypes at the time of peak aphid abundance (day 204). Nearly a threefold difference in the range of aphid counts was observed at this time. Mean counts of aphids ranged from 0.76 to 18.52 among cotton genotypes on the last sample date (day 225), the difference being greater than twentyfold. Cluster analysis of the data revealed three clusters of cotton genotypes corresponding to low, medium, and high numbers of aphids. The cluster with lowest numbers of aphids contained only glabrous cotton lines, while the cluster with medium numbers contained a mixture of glabrous and pubescent lines, and the cluster with highest numbers contained only pubescent lines. These data indicated that glabrous cotton lines should be given thorough consideration for inclusion in integrated pest management programs where cotton aphid control is a priority. RP WEATHERSBEE, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 11 IS 1 BP 29 EP 37 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA MV819 UT WOS:A1994MV81900003 ER PT J AU MILLER, RW MILLER, JA AF MILLER, RW MILLER, JA TI PYRIPROXYFEN BOLUS FOR CONTROL OF FLY LARVAE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIPTERA; MUSCIDAE; BOLUS; PYRIPROXYFEN; HORN FLY; HAEMATOBIA-IRRITANS (LINNAEUS); FACE FLY; MUSCA-AUTUMNALIS DEGEER; HOUSE FLY; MUSCA-DOMESTICA LINNAEUS AB Fifty-g boluses containing 2% pyriproxyfen were administered to cattle in Maryland and Texas. Boluses eroded at a faster rate when two boluses compared to one were administered. With two boluses, average inhibition of adult eclosion of horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.), and face flies, Musca autumnalis De Geer, was 96% for 10 wk, whereas it was only 47% for house flies, Musca domestica L. With one bolus, average inhibition for the same period of time was 89% and 44% for face flies and house flies, respectively. RP MILLER, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 11 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA MV819 UT WOS:A1994MV81900004 ER PT J AU FINCHER, GT SUMMERLIN, JW AF FINCHER, GT SUMMERLIN, JW TI PREDATION ON THE HORN FLY BY 3 EXOTIC SPECIES OF PHILONTHUS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Note DE PREDATOR; HORN FLY; STAPHYLINIDAE; PHILONTHUS; DIPTERA; MUSCIDAE; COLEOPTERA; HAEMATOBIA-IRRITANS ID HEMATOBIA-IRRITANS L; FLAVOLIMBATUS COLEOPTERA; STAPHYLINIDAE; MUSCIDAE; DIPTERA; TEXAS RP FINCHER, GT (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,VET ENTOMOL RES UNIT,RT 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 SN 0735-939X J9 J AGR ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 11 IS 1 BP 45 EP 48 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA MV819 UT WOS:A1994MV81900005 ER PT J AU IRIZARRY, H HERNANDEZ, E RODRIGUEZ, JA AF IRIZARRY, H HERNANDEZ, E RODRIGUEZ, JA TI YIELD OF 5 DWARF BANANA CULTIVARS GROWN WITH MINIMUM TILLAGE IN PUERTO-RICOS MOUNTAIN REGION SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article AB Cultivars Johnson, Ziv, Grand Nain, Valery and Selection 3-A were evaluated with no-till at the Adjuntas substation during a 50-month period. The plants retained the standard 10 or more functional leaves normally required at the bunch-shooting stage to achieve fruit-fill, but cultivar Johnson consistently maintained a greater number of Sigatoka disease-free leaves. All cultivars performed similarly for bunch weight and total yield. Mean bunch weight was 18.1 kg; annual production, 31,027 kg/ha or 1,705 boxes of fruits. The pruning of 1,2 and 3 lower hands from the immature racemes substantially reduced the size and the weight of the bunch and total yield, but the technique assists in upgrading fruit quality, which commands premium prices. RP IRIZARRY, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00709, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU PUERTO RICO AGR EXP STA PI RIO PIEDRAS PA PUBLICATIONS SECTION VENEZUELA BRANCH, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00927 SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JAN-APR PY 1994 VL 78 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA PF820 UT WOS:A1994PF82000001 ER PT J AU KEEL, BA ZALESKY, DD SOHAILI, I SCHANBACHER, BD GROTJAN, HE AF KEEL, BA ZALESKY, DD SOHAILI, I SCHANBACHER, BD GROTJAN, HE TI HETEROGENEITY OF GONADOTROPINS AND LEVELS OF UNCOMBINED LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SUBUNITS IN PITUITARIES OF CRYPTORCHID RAMS SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CRYPTORCHIDISM; HETEROGENEITY; GONADOTROPINS; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; ISOELECTRIC-FOCUSING PATTERN; CHARGE MICROHETEROGENEITY; BILATERAL CRYPTORCHIDISM; SEXUAL-MATURATION; GOLDEN-HAMSTERS; ESTROUS-CYCLE; RHESUS-MONKEY; FEMALE RATS; CASTRATION AB Pituitaries were collected from intact rams and rams that had been rendered bilaterally cryptorchid by surgery to examine the effects of cryptorchidism on gonadotropin heterogeneity, levels of uncombined luteinizing hormone (LH) subunits, and the apparent molecular sizes of LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Cryptorchid rams had higher pituitary contents of LH and FSH as well as reduced testicular weights. The levels of uncombined LH subunits, their apparent molecular weights, and the apparent molecular weights of intrapituitary LH were similar in control and cryptorchid rams. However, the apparent molecular weight of intrapituitary FSH was slightly larger in cryptorchid rams. Cryptorchidism altered the pattern of gonadotropin heterogeneity by shifting the distribution of LH isoforms towards basic components and shifting the distribution of FSH isoforms towards acidic components. Thus, it appears that the altered gonadal feedback mechanisms resulting from cryptorchidism modify the pattern of both LH and FSH heterogeneity by shifting the distribution of isoforms in opposite directions. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV KANSAS,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,WICHITA,KS 67214. UNIV KANSAS,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,WICHITA,KS 67214. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD18879] NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 15 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 PG 7 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA MW328 UT WOS:A1994MW32800005 PM 7910599 ER PT J AU STELLFLUG, JN RODRIGUEZ, F LAVOIE, VA GLIMP, HA AF STELLFLUG, JN RODRIGUEZ, F LAVOIE, VA GLIMP, HA TI INFLUENCE OF SIMULATED PHOTOPERIOD ALTERATION AND INDUCED ESTRUS ON REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE OF SPRING-BORN COLUMBIA AND TARGHEE EWE LAMBS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LAMBS; MELATONIN; ESTRUS; LAMBING RATE; PUBERTY ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION; SEXUAL-MATURATION; FEMALE LAMB; MELATONIN; CYCLES AB The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that a: combination of induced estrus (IE) and melatonin (MEL) would increase reproductive performance in breeds characterized by late maturity more than either IE or MEL alone. Spring-born Columbia (C; n = 161; 188 to 222 d range of age at breeding; 49 to 80 kg range of BW at breeding) and Targhee (T; n 166; 183 to 210 d range of age at breeding; 40 to 68 kg range of BW at breeding) ewe lambs were stratified randomly by breed to treatments: ambient controls (AC); IE; MEL; ana MEL+IE. Melatonin (18 mg of Regulin(R)) was implanted on September 7. Estrus induction included medroxy-progesterone acetate (MAP) pessaries inserted for 12 d and pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PIMSG; 500 IU i.m.) at time of MAP removal. Ewe lambs were placed into two pens with five rams per pen by breed. Targhee ewes lambed at an increased rate with IE vs no IE (84.5 vs 67.9%; P < .01) and tended to lamb at an increased rate with MEL vs no MEL (82.5 vs 70.6%; P =.07). The 92.7% lambing rate observed in the Targhee ewe lambs for the combined treatment (MEL+IE) was slightly higher than an additive effect but the interaction between IE and MEL was not significant(P = .24). By contrast, none of the treatments altered (P = .5) lambing rate, number of lambs born, or number born alive for Columbia ewe lambs. In conclusion, IE improved reproduction, MEL tended to improve reproduction, and there was a slightly higher lambing rate than an additive effect with Targhee ewe lambs when both MEL and IE were combined, but none of the treatments significantly altered reproduction of Columbia ewe lambs. RP STELLFLUG, JN (reprint author), US ARS,US SHEEP EXPT STN,DUBOIS,ID 83423, USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 72 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MR352 UT WOS:A1994MR35200006 PM 8138499 ER PT J AU PERKINS, A FITZGERALD, JA AF PERKINS, A FITZGERALD, JA TI THE BEHAVIORAL COMPONENT OF THE RAM EFFECT - THE INFLUENCE OF RAM SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR ON THE INDUCTION OF ESTRUS IN ANOVULATORY EWES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RAMS; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; ESTRUS OVULATION ID TESTOSTERONE; OVULATION AB The objective of this study was to test whether the sexual behavior of the ram affects the ram effect. Rams exhibiting either high (HP) or low (LP) levels of sexual performance (on the basis of serving capacity tests) were exposed to 89 anestrous ewes for 28 d. Thirty-two anestrous ewes were not exposed to rams. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of estrus induction by HP (n = 4) vs LP (n = 4) rams. Plasma progesterone concentration was used as an index of ovarian activity. Groups of ewes were exposed to either an HP or an LP ram in a .32-ha pasture. Courtship behaviors of rams were recorded for 6 h on the initial day of exposure and for 30-min periods on alternate days thereafter. A greater percentage of ewes exposed to HP rams ovulated (95%) compared with ewes exposed to LP rams (78%) (P < .02). On the 1st d of exposure, the HP rams exhibited more courtship behavior and spent more time near the ewes (P < .04). The HP rams spent more time within 1 m of ewes during the 28-d exposure. There were no differences in the amount of contact with rams (LP or HP) between ewes that did and did not ovulate (P > .05). The first rise in progesterone indicative of ovulation tended to occur earlier (P = .06) in ewes penned with HP rams. A seater percentage of ewes exposed to LP rams (P = .03) bad early elevations of progesterone with no concurrent sexual behavior. These data imply that in addition to a pheromone the sexual behavior of the ram may be important in initiating ovarian cycle activity. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. US ARS,US SHEEP EXPT STN,DUBOIS,ID 83423. NR 16 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 72 IS 1 BP 51 EP 55 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MR352 UT WOS:A1994MR35200009 PM 8138503 ER PT J AU PRINGLE, TD LONERGAN, SM CALKINS, CR JONES, SJ MILLER, PS KOOHMARAIE, M AF PRINGLE, TD LONERGAN, SM CALKINS, CR JONES, SJ MILLER, PS KOOHMARAIE, M TI TEMPORAL RESPONSE OF RABBITS TO BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONIST FEEDING - TISSUE WEIGHT, CALPAINS AND CALPASTATIN ACTIVITIES, AND NUCLEIC-ACID AND PROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RABBITS; BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONIST; MUSCLE; LIVER; HEART; CALPAIN ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; REPARTITIONING AGENT; SATELLITE CELLS; WETHER LAMBS; CLENBUTEROL; GROWTH; CIMATEROL; STEERS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROLIFERATION AB Forty-eight crossbred rabbits were used in three replications of a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement to investigate the short-term responses of tissue accretion, calpains and calpastatin activity, and nucleic acid and protein concentrations to beta-adrenergic agonist (BAA) feeding. Rabbits were fed a 17% CP diet with or without 7 ppm of L(644,969) and slaughtered after 1, 4, 8, or 16 d of treatment. Empty body dressing percentage and biceps femoris weight (as a percentage of empty body weight [EBW]) were significantly higher in the treated rabbits than in the controls after 16 d of treatment. Heart and Liver weights (as a percentage of EBW) were higher (P < .05) after 1 d and liver weight (as a percentage of EBW) was lower (P < .05) after 16 d in treated vs controls. Except for an elevation of skeletal muscle m-calpain after 16 d, BAA-supplementation did not affect the calpain-calpastatin system. Muscle RNA concentrations and RNA:DNA ratios were higher (P < .05) in treated rabbits after 1 d and remained higher thereafter. Protein:RNA ratios were lower (P < .01) in treated than in control rabbits after 4 d and remained lower throughout the trial. Muscle DNA content was lower after 4 d and higher after 16 d; RNA content was higher after 4, 8, and 16 d; and protein content was higher after 16 d in treated vs control rabbits. Liver nucleic acid and protein concentrations were not affected,by BAA treatment. Heart RNA:DNA ratios mere higher; (P < .01) after I d and protein:RNA ratios were lower (P < .05) after 4 d in the treated rabbits than in the controls. Collectively, these data imply that BAA-induced muscle growth in rabbits occurs through hyperplasia and seems to be related to elevated protein synthetic capacity. C1 US ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP PRINGLE, TD (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013; Lonergan, Steven/O-6233-2016 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 72 IS 1 BP 68 EP 74 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MR352 UT WOS:A1994MR35200012 PM 7511137 ER PT J AU LUGINBUHL, JM POND, KR BURNS, JC AF LUGINBUHL, JM POND, KR BURNS, JC TI WHOLE-TRACT DIGESTA KINETICS AND COMPARISON OF TECHNIQUES FOR THE ESTIMATION OF FECAL OUTPUT IN STEERS FED COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS HAY AT 4 LEVELS OF INTAKE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DIGESTA KINETICS; MARKERS; CYNODON DACTYLON; INTAKE; STEERS ID PARTICLE-SIZE REDUCTION; DRY-MATTER INTAKE; PASSAGE RATE; VOLUNTARY INTAKE; TEMPERATE GRASS; STEM FRACTIONS; TURNOVER RATE; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION; RETICULO-RUMEN AB Coastal bermudagrass( Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers) hay was fed to four ruminally cannulated steers (380 +/- 14 kg BW) to evaluate the effects of intake level on digesta flow kinetics in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Forage intakes represented 50, 70, 88, and 99% of feed voluntarily consumed per animal during a pre-experimental period. Masticated boli and wet-sieved masticated leaves (ML) and stems (MS) retained by a 4.0-mm sieve and feces retained by a .063-mm sieve were mordanted with chromium or marked with erbium, ytterbium, or dysprosium, respectively. Particle markers and a solution of Co-EDTA were pulse-dosed via the ruminal cannula. A continuous infusion of Co-EDTA was later delivered with peristaltic pumps. Intake level had no effect (P > .10) on fluid and particle passage rate (PR; percentage/hour) of any fractions marked. For all particle fractions, increasing intake level caused linear decreases in mean retention time (MRT; P < .03 to P < .07) and linear increases in gastrointestinal tract fill (FILL; P < .003 to P < .02) and fecal output (FO; P < .001). Estimates of FO and DM digestibility from the pulse dose of Cr mordant and continuous infusion of Co-EDTA did not differ. Kinetic estimates differed in magnitude according to the characteristics of the particle fractions marked. Marked feces gave the shortest estimate of MRT and the smallest estimate of FILL and FO. Kinetics of ML and MS also differed (P < .001), the former having faster PR, shorter MRT, and smaller FILL and FO. Use of representative samples of ingested feed should give more realistic estimates of digesta kinetics than estimates derived from ingesta fractions because kinetics of separated leaf and stem fractions differed. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,INTERDEPT NUTR PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP LUGINBUHL, JM (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,US ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 71 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 72 IS 1 BP 201 EP 211 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MR352 UT WOS:A1994MR35200030 PM 8138490 ER PT J AU KOSSAREK, LM GROSSE, WM FINLAY, O DIETZ, AB WOMACK, JE MCGRAW, RA AF KOSSAREK, LM GROSSE, WM FINLAY, O DIETZ, AB WOMACK, JE MCGRAW, RA TI BOVINE DINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT POLYMORPHISM RM095 SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE BOVINE; SHEEP; DINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT; PCR; POLYMORPHISM C1 USDA,NADC,AMES,IA 50010. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP KOSSAREK, LM (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. RI Dietz, Allan/H-7414-2015 OI Dietz, Allan/0000-0003-3410-9621 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 72 IS 1 BP 254 EP 254 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MR352 UT WOS:A1994MR35200036 PM 8138497 ER PT J AU SODERBERG, D AF SODERBERG, D TI MEAT AND POULTRY AND MEAT AND POULTRY PRODUCTS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP SODERBERG, D (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 77 IS 1 BP 162 EP 167 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MX271 UT WOS:A1994MX27100042 ER PT J AU ROSS, PF AF ROSS, PF TI VETERINARY ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP ROSS, PF (reprint author), USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,TOXICOL LAB,POB 844,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 77 IS 1 BP 199 EP 201 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MX271 UT WOS:A1994MX27100060 ER PT J AU COLLINS, AM DALY, HV RINDERER, TE HARBO, JR HOELMER, K AF COLLINS, AM DALY, HV RINDERER, TE HARBO, JR HOELMER, K TI CORRELATIONS BETWEEN MORPHOLOGY AND COLONY DEFENSE IN APIS-MELLIFERA L SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE APIS-MELLIFERA; AFRICANIZED HONEY BEES; HONEY BEE COLONIES; WORKER HONEY BEES; ALARM PHEROMONES; COLONY DEFENSE; MORPHOMETRICS; HYBRIDIZATION; IDENTIFICATION; VENEZUELA ID ALARM PHEROMONE PRODUCTION; HONEY-BEE; HERITABILITIES; HYMENOPTERA; CHARACTERS; APIDAE AB Significant correlations between 25 quantitative characters of worker honey bees used for the morphometric identification of Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera), seven measures of colony defence and 12 for alarm pheromone production were calculated from data on colonies in Louisiana, USA, and Monagas, Venezuela, two years after the arrival of Africanized honey bees in the eastern portion of Venezuela. The bees in the Venezuela group were identified as European (70%), European with evidence of introgression of Africanized genes (5%), Africanized with evidence of introgression of European genes (7%) and Africanized (18%), indicative of a population undergoing hybridization. For the Venezuelan population alone, the correlations between defensive behaviour and morphometric identification as Africanized were not significant. Therefore, defensive behaviour alone is not an adequate indicator for identification or certification programmes in areas undergoing Africanization. C1 USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ENTOMOL SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA,APHIS,PPQ,PHOENIX PLANT METHODS CTR,IRRIGATED DESERT RES STN,BRAWLEY,CA 92227. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1994 VL 33 IS 1 BP 3 EP 10 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NH952 UT WOS:A1994NH95200001 ER PT J AU HUNG, ACF WAGNER, RM AF HUNG, ACF WAGNER, RM TI AMINO-ACID-COMPOSITION OF AN AFRICANIZED HONEY-BEE (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) SPECIFIC PROTEIN SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AFRICANIZED HONEY BEES; APIS-MELLIFERA; PROTEINS; AMINO ACIDS AB About 1 200 pmol of an Africanized honey bee specific protein, known as AMP-2, was successfully isolated from the thoraces of 90 Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera) from Mexico. This protein has a molecular weight of about 48 kDa and an isoelectric point of about 5.7. Preliminary characterization of this protein by amino acid analysis suggested that it contains 16 amino acids, yielding about 432 residues. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HUNG, ACF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1994 VL 33 IS 2 BP 113 EP 117 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NP429 UT WOS:A1994NP42900008 ER PT J AU RINDERER, TE OLDROYD, BP LEKPRAYOON, C WONGSIRI, S BOONTHAI, C THAPA, R AF RINDERER, TE OLDROYD, BP LEKPRAYOON, C WONGSIRI, S BOONTHAI, C THAPA, R TI EXTENDED SURVIVAL OF THE PARASITIC HONEY-BEE MITE TROPILAELAPS CLAREAE ON ADULT WORKERS OF APIS-MELLIFERA AND APIS-DORSATA SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE TROPILAELAPS CLAREAE; WORKER HONEY BEES; APIS MELLIFERA; APIS DORSATA; PARASITISM; LONG DISTANCE TRANSPORT; SURVIVAL; THAILAND ID CERANA AB The survival of adult female Tropilaelaps clareae of unknown age on caged adult workers of Apis mellifera was investigated in ambient conditions during the rainy season in northern Thailand and in an incubator maintained at 35 degrees C and 60% RH. Under both conditions, a small percentage of T: clareae survived for three days. A similar experiment using adult T: clareae on caged adult workers of Apis dorsata produced similar results: a small percentage of mites survived for three days. The observed survival of T: clareae, whether on A. mellifera or A. dorsata, is about one day longer than previously reported. It is now clear that the highly pestiferous T: clareae could easily survive even the longest of international airline flights. C1 LA TROBE UNIV,DEPT GENET & HUMAN VARIAT,BUNDOORA,VIC 3086,AUSTRALIA. CHULALONGKORN UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BEE BIOL RES UNIT,BANGKOK 10330,THAILAND. CHIANG MAI UNIV,DEPT BIOL,CHIANG MAI 50002,THAILAND. RP RINDERER, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL RES LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 6 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1994 VL 33 IS 3 BP 171 EP 174 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PK920 UT WOS:A1994PK92000007 ER PT J AU EISCHEN, FA UNDERWOOD, BA COLLINS, AM AF EISCHEN, FA UNDERWOOD, BA COLLINS, AM TI THE EFFECT OF DELAYING POLLINATION ON CANTALOUPE PRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HONEY BEES; APIS MELLIFERA; POLLINATION; CANTALOUPES; MELONS; CUCUMIS MELO; PRODUCTIVITY AB During the growing seasons of 1992 and 1993, in Weslaco, Texas, USA, pollination of cantaloupes (Cucumis melo) was delayed by either 0, 6 or 12 days. Pollination was prevented by covering plants with floating row covers at the time of first female flowering. Plants were left covered for either 6 or 12 days and then exposed to honey bee visitation. Cultivars used in the 1992 season were Cruiser, Explorer and Prime. Cruiser, Mission and Prime were used in 1993. Twelve colonies of honey bees were placed on the border of the test plots in 1992 and two in 1993. In 1992, Prime plants which had pollination delayed for six days produced heavier fruits and a greater total fruit weight per plant than those not delayed or delayed 12 days. Cruiser and Explorer produced smaller fruits when pollination was delayed 12 days but were unaffected by a 6-day delay. In 1993, Mission delayed for 12 days produced more fruits per plant. No differences in fruit quality (percentage culls, soluble solid content and size) or number were observed in other cultivars when pollination was delayed. In both trials, the median harvest time was about the same as controls when pollination was delayed for six days. These results suggest that the time honey bee colonies need to be in the field for cantaloupe pollination could be reduced. Pollination could be delayed by about one week without negatively affecting productivity or harvest time. This would provide growers additional time in which to apply insecticides should they be needed, and reduce honey bee exposure to insecticides. C1 USDA ARS,HONEY BEE LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP EISCHEN, FA (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,TAES,2415 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 7 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1994 VL 33 IS 3 BP 180 EP 184 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PK920 UT WOS:A1994PK92000009 ER PT J AU DANKA, RG VILLA, JD AF DANKA, RG VILLA, JD TI PRELIMINARY-OBSERVATIONS ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF AFRICANIZED HONEY-BEES TO AMERICAN FOULBROOD SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note DE AFRICANIZED HONEY BEES; APIS-MELLIFERA; AMERICAN FOULBROOD; BACILLUS LARVAE; HYGIENIC BEHAVIOR RP DANKA, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSN PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 1994 VL 33 IS 4 BP 243 EP 245 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QB993 UT WOS:A1994QB99300009 ER PT J AU POPRAWSKI, TJ AF POPRAWSKI, TJ TI INSECT PARASITES AND PREDATORS OF PHYLLOPHAGA-ANXIA (LECONTE) (COL-SCARABAEIDAE) IN QUEBEC, CANADA SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE ENTOMOLOGIE LA English DT Article AB Phyllophaga anxia (LeConte), is the most common and destructive species of June beetle in the province of Quebec, Canada. In the course of a systematic 4-year survey in southern Quebec, 29 species (belonging to 13 families in 3 orders) of parasitic and predaceous insects were found associated with the pest Tachinid flies and tiphiid wasps were the most common parasites. The roles of the parasites and predators of P. anxia are reviewed. The survey showed that these natural enemies had low impact on field populations of the June beetle. RP POPRAWSKI, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL PEST CONTROL LAB,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol.-Z. Angew. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 117 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MW277 UT WOS:A1994MW27700001 ER PT J AU VAN, TK VANDIVER, VV AF VAN, TK VANDIVER, VV TI RESPONSE OF HYDRILLA TO VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS AND EXPOSURES OF BENSULFURON METHYL SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE HERBICIDE; CHEMICAL CONTROL; EXPOSURE TIME; TUBER PRODUCTION; HYDRILLA-VERTICILLATA; BIOTYPES ID TIME AB The relationship between herbicide concentration and exposure time was determined for bensulfuron methyl (methyl 2-[[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl] amino]sulfonyl]methyl]-benzoate) and the control of monoecious and dioecious hydrilla. Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle] grown in large outdoor tanks. Twenty combinations of bensulfuron methyl concentration and exposure time were tested: concentrations included 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 mg/l; exposure times ranged from 3 to 42 days. Plant responses to bensulfuron methyl were monitored over a period of 6 months after herbicide application. Severe plant damage was observed in all treatments after 1 month, however, regrowth occurred rapidly in treatments where herbicide exposure was limited to 14 days or less. Greatest reductions in plant growth and tuber production were obtained in treatments with 42 days of exposure. Tuber production after 6 months was reduced by 81 and 93% in the 0.05 mg/l bensulfuron methyl treatments for 42 days in monoecious and dioecious hydrilla, respectively. This long exposure time requirement suggests that caution should be exercised in applications of bensulfuron methyl for control of hydrilla in high water exchange environments. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,IFAS,FT LAUDERDALE RES & EDUC CTR,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314. RP VAN, TK (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314, USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 32 BP 7 EP 11 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NE330 UT WOS:A1994NE33000002 ER PT J AU YOUNG, OP LOCKLEY, TC AF YOUNG, OP LOCKLEY, TC TI SPIDERS OF AN OLD FIELD HABITAT IN THE DELTA OF MISSISSIPPI SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Over a 14-month period, 2785 spiders of 70 species were collected by 114 pitfall trap samples and 68 sweepnet samples in a 2.5 ha abandoned horse pasture adjacent to a cotton field in Washington County, Mississippi. Mean numbers of spiders per sample were approximately equal by pitfall (xBAR = 15) and sweepnet (xBAR = 16) methods. Individuals of the Lycosidae (42.6%), Thomisidae (16.2%), and Salticidae (14.4%) comprised almost three-fourths of all spiders collected. Individuals of 13 other families were also collected. Web-spinners comprised 21.4% of the species (n = 15) and 13.9% of the individuals (n = 386), whereas wanderers comprised 78.6% of the species (n = 55) and 86.1% of the individuals (n = 2399). Eighteen species occurred only in the sweepnet (foliage) samples, 31 species only in the pitfall (ground) samples, and 21 species occurred in both sampled strata. Foliage spiders (mostly immatures) reached peak population levels in June and July and again in October and November. Very low densities occurred in August and September, with intermediate levels throughout the winter and spring leading to peak adult densities in April. Ground spiders reached peak population levels in March (mostly adults) and July (mostly immatures). A comparison of the composition and structure of this spider community with other old field sites and other potentially adjacent crop and non-crop habitats suggests considerable similarity. A possible role for spiders in cotton pest management is considered. RP YOUNG, OP (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,BBEP,6505 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI NEW YORK PA C/O NORMAN I PLATNICK, AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 1994 VL 22 IS 2 BP 114 EP 130 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PV280 UT WOS:A1994PV28000004 ER PT J AU LIU, JH WATERHOUSE, AL CHATTERTON, NJ AF LIU, JH WATERHOUSE, AL CHATTERTON, NJ TI DO INULIN OLIGOMERS ADOPT A REGULAR HELICAL FORM IN SOLUTION SO JOURNAL OF CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-SHIFT ASSIGNMENTS; NMR-SPECTRAL MEASUREMENTS; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; TETRASACCHARIDE NYSTOSE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; C-13-NMR SPECTRA; D-FRUCTOSE; D-FRUCTANS; OLIGOSACCHARIDES AB The C-13 NMR spectra of inulin oligomers in D2O with degree of polymerization (DP) of 3 through 9, along with two other inulin oligomer mixtures of average DP = 17 and DP = 31 were recorded. Significant variations in the chemical shift of some fructofuranose carbon signals indicates that unlike glucans, simple helical structures are not the predominant conformation far inulin oligomers-at least up to DP = 9. Models of the DP = 5 oligomer show that it should prefer a single helical conformation which however, would not be accessible to longer DP oligomers due to severe steric interactions. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VITICULTURE & ENOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322. RI Waterhouse, Andrew /F-6719-2011 OI Waterhouse, Andrew /0000-0002-5088-7442 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0732-8303 J9 J CARBOHYD CHEM JI J. Carbohydr. Chem. PY 1994 VL 13 IS 6 BP 859 EP 872 DI 10.1080/07328309408011686 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA PA448 UT WOS:A1994PA44800004 ER PT J AU MERRILL, AH SCHROEDER, JJ SMITH, ER WANG, E AF MERRILL, AH SCHROEDER, JJ SMITH, ER WANG, E TI SPHINGOLIPIDS, TOXINS AND CELL REGULATION SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID INHIBITION C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ROLLINS RES CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30322. USDA ARS,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXINS RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PY 1994 SU 18D BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA NE254 UT WOS:A1994NE25400019 ER PT J AU MERRILL, AH SCHROEDER, JJ SMITH, ER WANG, E RILEY, RT AF MERRILL, AH SCHROEDER, JJ SMITH, ER WANG, E RILEY, RT TI SPHINGOLIPIDS, TOXINS AND CELL REGULATION SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID INHIBITION C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ROLLINS RES CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30322. USDA ARS,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXINS RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PY 1994 SU 18D BP 72 EP 72 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA NE254 UT WOS:A1994NE25400182 ER PT J AU BARTH, JL MORRIS, J MARKS, H IVARIE, R AF BARTH, JL MORRIS, J MARKS, H IVARIE, R TI RATES OF SOMITE FORMATION AND MUSCLE-SPECIFIC GENE-EXPRESSION IN GROWTH-SELECTED LINES OF JAPANESE-QUAIL SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT GENET,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,SEPRL,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PY 1994 SU 18D BP 493 EP 493 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA NE254 UT WOS:A1994NE25401706 ER PT J AU DOMBRINKKURTZMAN, MA AF DOMBRINKKURTZMAN, MA TI EXAMINATION OF OPAQUE MUTANTS OF MAIZE BY REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AND SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ENDOSPERM DEVELOPMENT; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; PROTEIN BODIES; ZEIN PROTEIN; FAMILY RP DOMBRINKKURTZMAN, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 19 IS 1 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1006/jcrs.1994.1008 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA NB133 UT WOS:A1994NB13300007 ER PT J AU JANG, EB LIGHT, DM BINDER, RG FLATH, RA CARVALHO, LA AF JANG, EB LIGHT, DM BINDER, RG FLATH, RA CARVALHO, LA TI ATTRACTION OF FEMALE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLIES TO THE 5 MAJOR COMPONENTS OF MALE-PRODUCED PHEROMONE IN A LABORATORY FLIGHT TUNNEL SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CERATITIS CAPITATA; MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY; DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE,; PHEROMONE; 1-PYRROLINE; ATTRACTANT; FLIGHT TUNNEL ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA; SEX-PHEROMONE; CALLING MALES; FLY; TEPHRITIDAE; RESPONSES; DIPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; ODOR AB Attraction and pheromonal activity of five major identified components of the male-produced sex pheromone of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata to virgin laboratory-reared females was assessed in a laboratory flight tunnel. Dual-choice competitive assays were run to establish a baseline response of virgin females to live male pheromone, individual components, and an ensemble of all five compounds alone (air control) and competitively against one another. Approximately 50% of the females released in the tunnel were captured on leaf models emitting pheromonal odors from five live males. Over 37% of released females responded to an ensemble of five major identified components presented in individual capillaries. Response of females to individual components was less than 10%. Competitive assays showed the live male-produced pheromone to be more attractive than either the five major component ensemble (FMCE) or individual components. Further research is likely to identify other male-produced compounds with pheromonal activity that could improve development of a pheromone-based trap for monitoring Mediterranean fruit fly populations. C1 US ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP JANG, EB (reprint author), US ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,POB 4459,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 23 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 11 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 20 IS 1 BP 9 EP 20 DI 10.1007/BF02065987 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MT264 UT WOS:A1994MT26400002 PM 24241695 ER PT J AU KOZEMPEL, M KURANTZ, M AF KOZEMPEL, M KURANTZ, M TI THE ISOMERIZATION KINETICS OF LACTOSE TO LACTULOSE IN THE PRESENCE OF BORATE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE REACTION MODEL; LACTULOSE; BORIC ACID AB The kinetics of the isomerization of lactose to lactulose in the presence of boric acid and NaOH was studied. A first order equation fits the data for the rate controlling reaction-the formation of a boric acid-lactulose complex. Since the reaction is optimum at a molar ratio of boric acid to lactose of 1.0 and pH 11, a model was developed for application at these reaction conditions. RP KOZEMPEL, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0268-2575 J9 J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT JI J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 BP 25 EP 29 DI 10.1002/jctb.280590105 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering GA MR541 UT WOS:A1994MR54100004 ER PT J AU KNOWLES, DP EVERMANN, JF SHROPSHIRE, C VANDERSCHALIE, J BRADWAY, D GEZON, HM CHEEVERS, WP AF KNOWLES, DP EVERMANN, JF SHROPSHIRE, C VANDERSCHALIE, J BRADWAY, D GEZON, HM CHEEVERS, WP TI EVALUATION OF AGAR-GEL IMMUNODIFFUSION SEROLOGY USING CAPRINE AND OVINE LENTIVIRAL ANTIGENS FOR DETECTION OF ANTIBODY TO CAPRINE ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GOATS; INFECTION; GLYCOPROTEINS; RETROVIRUS; PREVALENCE; GP135 AB The sensitivity of the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test for the detection of antibody to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) was investigated with CAEV or ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) as the source of antigen. A total of 218 goat serum specimens were tested for anti-CAEV antibody by AGID and immunoprecipitation of [S-35]methionine-labeled CAEV. In comparison with that of immunoprecipitation, the sensitivity of the CAEV AGID test was 0.91, and that of the OPPV AGID test was 0.56. The AGID test with either antigen was 100% specific. The lower sensitivity of the OPPV AGID test in detecting caprine antibody to CAEV indicates that OPPV antigen is of limited value for use in CAEV diagnosis and control programs. C1 USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL MED,WASHINGTON ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT VET CLIN SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. ATLANTIC ANTIBODIES,WINDHAM,ME 04062. RP KNOWLES, DP (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL MED,USDA ARS,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [NIAMSD AR27680] NR 17 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 32 IS 1 BP 243 EP 245 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MP316 UT WOS:A1994MP31600050 PM 8126191 ER PT J AU FRANK, GH BRIGGS, RE SCHNEIDER, RA AF FRANK, GH BRIGGS, RE SCHNEIDER, RA TI CHARACTERIZATION OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI ISOLATED FROM THE TONSILS OF CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE PROBES; COLONIZATION; DETERMINANT; EXPRESSION; DIARRHEA; K88 AB During our studies on tonsillar colonization by Pasteurella haemolytica, we consistently found Escherichia coli to be one of the most prominent and prevalent bacterial species in the tonsils of healthy cattle. Since tonsillar isolates have not been characterized, we grouped 124 isolates from 87 healthy cattle from eight sources by hemolytic zone size and by carbon source utilization and probed them for selected virulence genes. They formed 3 groups by hemolytic zone size and 18 groups (of 2 to 31 isolates) by their metabolic patterns. Most groups included isolates from more than one source. Two isolates contained the Shiga-like toxin gene, and nine others contained the F41 accessory gene. RP FRANK, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,RESP DIS RES UNIT,2300 DAYTON RD,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 32 IS 1 BP 256 EP 258 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MP316 UT WOS:A1994MP31600054 PM 8126195 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, RS FEIST, WC AF WILLIAMS, RS FEIST, WC TI EFFECT OF PREWEATHERING, SURFACE-ROUGHNESS, AND WOOD SPECIES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF PAINT AND STAINS SO JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DURABILITY AB To quantify the effect of preweathering of new wood surfaces on subsequent finish performance, unfinished wood siding was exposed outdoors for four or eight weeks. Following this preweathering, the specimens were finished with a variety of finishes and placed outdoors again for several years (weathered). The finished specimens were evaluated annually to determine the effect of preweathering on finish performance. The durabilities of 30 different finish systems, consisting of six finishes and five substrates, were evaluated over a five-year period. The wood species were primarily hardwoods and dense softwoods. For these dense species, which weather slowly, a few weeks of preweathering decreased paint performance. The effect of preweathering varied depending on the length of time the siding was preweathered, wood species, surface roughness, and finish. The results of the weathering were compared with the results of adhesion testing of similar panels preweathered before finishing. RP WILLIAMS, RS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,PINCHOT DR,1 GIFFORD,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 22 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION SOC COATING TECH PI BLUE BELL PA 492 NORRISTOWN ROAD, BLUE BELL, PA 19422 SN 0361-8773 J9 J COATING TECHNOL JI J. Coat. Technol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 66 IS 828 BP 109 EP 121 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA MR799 UT WOS:A1994MR79900003 ER PT J AU CORWIN, DL LEMERT, RD AF CORWIN, DL LEMERT, RD TI CONSTRUCTION AND EVALUATION OF AN INEXPENSIVE WEIGHING LYSIMETER FOR STUDYING CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL COLUMNS; FUNCTIONAL-MODEL; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MOVEMENT; FLOW AB A description is provided of an above-ground, weighing lysimeter that minimizes the edge flow of water which can occur between the soil and the wall of the casing. The lysimeter was designed to study water flux and the movement of inorganic and/or organic pollutants as they pass through and beyond the root zone. The lysimeter is instrumented at selected depths with thermistors, soil solution extractors, time-domain reflectometry probes, gas extractors and tensiometers. These sensors provide temperature measurements, soil solution samples, water content measurements, soil atmosphere samples and water potential measurements. The horizontal insertion of these instruments from the side of the lysimeter reduces any channeling that might occur along the sides of the instruments, if they had been inserted vertically. Annular-ring baffles are located at selected depths to reduce edge flow between the lysimeter casing and the column of soil. The baffles redirect water flow away from the edge of the column. Data an presented that show a reduction in the hydraulic bypass of the lysimeter compared to a lysimeter without baffles. The total cost of a single lysimeter including materials and labor is under US $4000. RP CORWIN, DL (reprint author), US ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 123 DI 10.1016/0169-7722(94)90013-2 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA MT052 UT WOS:A1994MT05200007 ER PT J AU CAPUCO, AV MEIN, GA NICKERSON, SC JACK, LJW WOOD, DL BRIGHT, SA ASCHENBRENNER, RA MILLER, RH BITMAN, J AF CAPUCO, AV MEIN, GA NICKERSON, SC JACK, LJW WOOD, DL BRIGHT, SA ASCHENBRENNER, RA MILLER, RH BITMAN, J TI INFLUENCE OF PULSATIONLESS MILKING ON TEAT CANAL KERATIN AND MASTITIS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY; BOVINE MAMMARY-GLAND; INTRAMAMMARY INFECTION; LIPID-COMPOSITION; DAIRY-COWS; DUCT; PENETRABILITY; COLONIZATION; ENDOTOXIN; PROTEINS AB Twenty-four Holstein cows, producing at least 21 kg of milk/d, were used in two replicate experiments to determine the effect of presence or absence of pulsation on loss of teat canal keratin during machine milking. Left quarters were milked without pulsation and right quarters were milked with pulsation. On d 0 and 10, keratin was collected from one left and from one right teat canal of each cow prior to milking and from the remaining two teat canals after milking. Milk was collected for assessment of SCC and bacteriological status on d 0 and approximately every 3 d until d 18. Quantity of keratin recovered before milking on d 10 did not differ between teats milked with or without pulsation, but loss of keratin because of milking was greater from teats milked with pulsation. By d 7, 30% (12 of 43) of quarters milked without pulsation had become infected, but no (0 of 47) quarters milked with pulsation were infected. By d 14 to 16, new infections had increased to 68% (28 of 41) of quarters milked without pulsation and 2% (1 of 43) in quarters milked with pulsation; mean SCC in pulsationless quarters increased sevenfold relative to pulsation quarters. Protein and water content of keratin did not differ because of treatment, and changes in lipid composition were minor. Histological analysis of the teats of 4 cows indicated that the mean diameter of the teat canal, within 2 h after milking, was greater without pulsation than with pulsation (680 vs. 483 mum). C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,HILL FARM RES STN,HOMER,LA 71040. RP CAPUCO, AV (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 40 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 77 IS 1 BP 64 EP 74 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA MV320 UT WOS:A1994MV32000009 PM 7509817 ER PT J AU JONES, LR SPAHR, SL PUCKETT, HB AF JONES, LR SPAHR, SL PUCKETT, HB TI VARIABILITY AND RELIABILITY OF REAL-TIME MILK CONDUCTIVITY DATA SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MASTITIS DETECTION; MILK CONDUCTIVITY; REAL-TIME DATA ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS AB The profile of milk conductivity values that were collected using an automated data acquisition system was evaluated for errant values. Conductivity values were recorded from 35 cows for three milkings. Conductivity values that were collected at 2-s intervals were extremely variable. They contained erroneously low values because of the nature of the electronic measuring system. The variability was reduced, but not eliminated, by increasing the interval to 6 s. Erroneously low values were removed by calculating a point estimate representing a mean of the 10 highest values recorded at 6-s intervals. C1 USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 77 IS 1 BP 80 EP 83 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA MV320 UT WOS:A1994MV32000011 PM 8120208 ER PT J AU GAYNOR, PJ ERDMAN, RA TETER, BB SAMPUGNA, J CAPUCO, AV WALDO, DR HAMOSH, M AF GAYNOR, PJ ERDMAN, RA TETER, BB SAMPUGNA, J CAPUCO, AV WALDO, DR HAMOSH, M TI MILK-FAT YIELD AND COMPOSITION DURING ABOMASAL INFUSION OF CIS OR TRANS OCTADECENOATES IN HOLSTEIN COWS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TRANS-C18-1 FATTY ACIDS; FAT DEPRESSION; LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE; MILK CITRATE ID LACTATING COWS; MAMMARY TISSUE; GROWTH-HORMONE; OLEIC-ACID; BOVINE; DIETS; TRIGLYCERIDE; METABOLITES; INSULIN; GLAND AB The role of trans-C18:1 fatty acids in milk fat depression was examined. Six rumen-cannulated Holstein cows were assigned to two Latin squares with 21-d periods. The common basal diet contained 40% forage and 60% concentrate. Treatments were the uninfused control, 750 g/d of a mixture of cis fat (65% high oleic sunflower oil and 35% cocoa butter), and 750 g/d of a mixture of trans fat (93% shortening and 7% com oil) infused into the abomasum via a tube that passed through the rumen cannula. Milk yield was similar among treatments. Milk fat percentage and yield were lower, and milk citrate concentration was higher, for the trans than the cis treatment. Changes in the fatty acid composition of milk were similar for the cis and trans treatments compared with the control except for trans-C18:1. The concentration of trans-C18:1 was greater for the cis and trans treatments than for the control and was greater for the trans than for the cis treatment. These data clearly demonstrated that infusion of trans-C18:1 fatty acids into the abomasum depressed milk fat percentage and yield. We speculate that reduced synthesis of fatty acids and reduced activity of acyl transferase in mammary tissue contributed to depressed milk fat percentage for the trans treatment. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. RI Erdman, Richard/F-6195-2010 OI Erdman, Richard/0000-0001-6954-4282 NR 35 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 77 IS 1 BP 157 EP 165 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA MV320 UT WOS:A1994MV32000018 PM 8120184 ER PT J AU QUIGLEY, JD MARTIN, KR DOWLEN, HH WALLIS, LB LAMAR, K AF QUIGLEY, JD MARTIN, KR DOWLEN, HH WALLIS, LB LAMAR, K TI IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONCENTRATION, SPECIFIC-GRAVITY, AND NITROGEN FRACTIONS OF COLOSTRUM FROM JERSEY CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COLOSTRUM; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; JERSEY ID BOVINE COLOSTRUM; DAIRY-CATTLE AB Colostrum samples from 88 Jersey cows were analyzed for concentrations of IgG, IgM, IgA, total solids, specific gravity, and N fractions. Colostrum (50 ml) was sampled from each cow as soon as possible after parturition, and specific gravity was determined immediately using a hydrometer. Samples then were frozen prior to analysis of Ig, fat, and N fractions. Mean concentrations of IgG, IgM, and IgA were 65.8, 2.4, and 1.7 g/L, respectively. Concentration of IgG was lower, and IgA was higher, in colostrum from second lactation cows than from first lactation cows or from cows in third or later lactations; IgM increased linearly as lactation number increased. Total N, protein N, noncasein N, and fat contents also were lower in second lactation cows. Regression of total Ig (grams per liter) on specific gravity was -1172 + 1180 x specific gravity (r2 = .38). Relationship of total Ig to specific gravity differed from colostrum of Holstein cattle and may have been related to differences in fat and noncasein N concentrations. Use of specific gravity hydrometer to estimate Ig concentration using equations derived from Holstein cattle appears to underestimate Ig concentration in colostrum from Jersey cattle. C1 USDA ARS,DAIRY EXPT STN,LEWISBURG,TN 37091. RP QUIGLEY, JD (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,INST AGR,DEPT ANIM SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901, USA. NR 15 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 77 IS 1 BP 264 EP 269 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA MV320 UT WOS:A1994MV32000030 PM 8120194 ER PT J AU SCHUTZ, MM VANRADEN, PM WIGGANS, GR AF SCHUTZ, MM VANRADEN, PM WIGGANS, GR TI GENETIC-VARIATION IN LACTATION MEANS OF SOMATIC-CELL SCORES FOR 6 BREEDS OF DAIRY-CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SOMATIC CELL; MASTITIS; BREED; VARIANCE COMPONENT; BREED ID RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; ANIMAL-MODEL; CLINICAL MASTITIS; MILK-YIELD; PARAMETERS; HOLSTEINS; COUNTS; PARITIES; TRAITS AB Lactation means of somatic cell scores from sample days were used to estimate the components of variation for additive genetic, permanent environmental, and herd-sire interaction effects. Data included records of 4314 Ayrshire, 7845 Brown Swiss, 18,115 Guernsey, 1,135,752 Holstein, 67,862 Jersey, and 797 Milking Shorthorn cows from across the US. Records were preadjusted for length of lactation. Fixed effects of herdyear, calving age, and calving month were included in animal models for estimation of variance components. Additive genetic estimates from REML relative to a phenotypic variance of 1.00 were .07 for Ayrshires, .07 for Brown Swiss, .11 for Guernseys, .09 for Holsteins, .09 for Jerseys, and .08 for Milking Shorthorns; permanent environmental estimates were .25, .26, .22, .21, .20, and .35; and herdsire interaction estimates were .04, .02, .00, .02, .02, and .01. Effects of calving age were similar for all regions of the US but differed for Jerseys and Holsteins. Effects of calving month were similar for all breeds. Cows calving during summer had the highest lactation means for somatic cell score from sample days. Impact of calving month was greatest in the Southeast. RP SCHUTZ, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 77 IS 1 BP 284 EP 293 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA MV320 UT WOS:A1994MV32000033 PM 8120197 ER PT J AU PORTERWRIGHT, JL MILLER, EG BINNIE, WH GUO, IY HASEGAWA, S AF PORTERWRIGHT, JL MILLER, EG BINNIE, WH GUO, IY HASEGAWA, S TI THE B-RING OF THE LIMONOID NUCLEUS - IMPORTANCE TO ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL DENT,DALLAS,TX 75246. USDA,PASADENA,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1994 VL 73 SI SI BP 360 EP 360 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA MT325 UT WOS:A1994MT32502066 ER PT J AU JOUBRAN, R PARRIS, N LU, D TREVINO, S AF JOUBRAN, R PARRIS, N LU, D TREVINO, S TI SYNERGETIC EFFECT OF SUCROSE AND ETHANOL ON FORMATION OF TRIGLYCERIDE MICROEMULSIONS SO JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MODEL MICROEMULSIONS; SURFACTANT SYSTEMS; VEGETABLE-OILS; PHASE; SUGARS; SOLUBILIZATION; EMULSIONS AB The phase behavior of soybean oil, a nonionic surfactant (ethoxylated monodiglycerides) and an aqueous phase of water containing ethanol, and sucrose was investigated at 35 and 40-degrees-C. A minimum concentration of 20 wt% ethanol was required for the formation of isotropic solutions. Addition of sucrose to the aqueous phase decreased the amount of ethanol required to form these solutions. The solubilization mechanism of the oil was investigated by small angle x-ray diffraction and polarized light microscopy. A stable lamellar liquid crystalline phase was formed for a mixture of 75/25 surfactant/sucrose solution (2.5 wt% sucrose). This phase was destabilized with increased concentrations of sucrose and liquid crystalline phases having hexagonal structures were favoured at 8.75 wt% sucrose. At a ratio of 55/45 wt% of surfactant/sucrose solution (9 wt% sucrose) hexagonal structures were formed and could be destabilized or destroyed by addition of ethanol. The concept of stabilization and destabilization of liquid crystalline mesophases was applied to the solubilization of triglycerides in aqueous solutions. Two microemulsion regions were identified; oil-in-water (L1) and water-in-oil (L2) in systems containing soybean oil, ethoxylated monodiglycerides, and 20 wt% ethanol solution. At 55/45 wt% surfactant/20 wt% ethanol solution, 7.5 wt% of soybean oil was solubilized. Addition of 10, 20, and 30 wt% sucrose, at the same ratio of surfactant to ethanol solution, increased the solubility of the oil to 9, 13.5, and 18 wt% respectively. In addition, the size of the L1 phase increased and moved to the aqueous corner of the phase diagram and the size of the L2 phase decreased. C1 US ARDEC,PICATINNY ARSENAL,NJ 07806. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP JOUBRAN, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0193-2691 J9 J DISPER SCI TECHNOL JI J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. PY 1994 VL 15 IS 6 BP 687 EP 704 DI 10.1080/01932699408943584 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA PN619 UT WOS:A1994PN61900004 ER PT J AU TEDDERS, WL WOOD, BW AF TEDDERS, WL WOOD, BW TI A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR MONITORING PECAN WEEVIL EMERGENCE (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CURCULIO-CARYAE; TRAPS; WEEVIL ATTRACTION; WEEVIL REPELLENCE AB An inexpensive pyramidal-shaped trap was designed and demonstrated to effectively monitor the emergence of pecan weevil adults Curculio caryae (Horn). The trap is constructed of masonite and uses a modified boll weevil eradication trap top as a collecting container. Weevils were preferentially attracted to brown traps when traps were painted brown vs. white. Brown traps positioned adjacent to pecan trees having whitewashed trunks also were more attractive to weevils than when positioned beneath non-whitewashed trees. Tall traps attracted more weevils than short traps having the same surface area. Two traps per tree captured twice as many weevils as one trap. This report describes the new trap design and presents information to which its effectiveness could possibly be attributed. RP TEDDERS, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,POB 87,111 NEW DUNBAR RD,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 10 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 29 IS 1 BP 18 EP 30 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NB008 UT WOS:A1994NB00800003 ER PT J AU WEBB, RE DILL, NH PODGWAITE, JD SHAPIRO, M RIDGWAY, RL VAUGHN, JL VENABLES, L ARGAUER, RJ AF WEBB, RE DILL, NH PODGWAITE, JD SHAPIRO, M RIDGWAY, RL VAUGHN, JL VENABLES, L ARGAUER, RJ TI CONTROL OF 3RD AND 4TH INSTAR GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) WITH GYPCHEK COMBINED WITH A STILBENE DISULFONIC ACID ADDITIVE ON INDIVIDUAL SHADE TREES SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; GYPSY MOTH; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; STILBENE DISULFONIC ACID; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID POPULATIONS AB The efficacy of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar (L.)) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV), Gypchek, in combination with a stilbene disulfonic acid additive, Blankophor BBH, was evaluated against third and fourth-instar gypsy moth in 1992. Treatments were applied with hydraulic ground equipment to plots of one to three oak trees each in a gypsy moth-infested woodlot on the eastern shore of Maryland. An analysis of larvae collected from the plots revealed that the plots treated with LdMNPV and Blankophor BBH had significantly (P < 0.05) more larval mortality and significantly lower LT50 values than did plots treated with LdMNPV alone. Additionally, Blankophor BBH applied alone appeared to interact with native virus present in the field plots and significantly (P < 0.05) increased larval mortality when compared with untreated plots. The implications of these results for the potential use of LdMNPV in combination with a stilbene disulfonic acid additive am discussed. RP WEBB, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 29 IS 1 BP 82 EP 91 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NB008 UT WOS:A1994NB00800008 ER PT J AU MERKEL, EP FATZINGER, CW DIXON, WN AF MERKEL, EP FATZINGER, CW DIXON, WN TI KEYS FOR DISTINGUISHING THRIPS (THYSANOPTERA) COMMONLY FOUND ON SLASH PINE IN FLORIDA SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GNOPHOTHRIPS-FUSCUS; PINUS-ELLIOTTII; PINE SEED ORCHARDS; PEST MANAGEMENT; THRIPS; THYSANOPTERA AB The slash pine flower thrips (SPFT), Gnophothrips fuscus (Morgan) commonly damages cone crops of slash pines, Pinus elliottii Engelmann var. elliottii. It occurs in the crowns of seed orchard trees in association with three other species of thrips - Leptothrips pini (Watson), Frankliniella bispinosa (Morgan), and Oxythrips pallidiventris Hood. Pest management strategies are being developed for southern pine seed orchards that rely on the rapid and accurate identification of different species of pests. Two laboratory keys are presented to distinguish the four species of thrips in the laboratory. RP MERKEL, EP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NAVAL STORES & TIMBER PROD LAB,SE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 70,OLUSTEE,FL 32072, USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 29 IS 1 BP 92 EP 99 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NB008 UT WOS:A1994NB00800009 ER PT J AU BAKER, JE AF BAKER, JE TI SENSITIVITIES OF LABORATORY AND FIELD STRAINS OF THE PARASITOID ANISOPTEROMALUS-CALANDRAE (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) AND ITS HOST, SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE), TO DELTAMETHRIN AND CYFLUTHRIN SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ANISOPTEROMALUS; SITOPHILUS; PARASITOID; HOST; PYRETHROID; DELTAMETHRIN; CYFLUTHRIN ID GRAIN PROTECTANTS; BULK WHEAT; RESISTANCE; PYRETHROIDS; MAIZE; INSECTICIDES; TEMPERATURE; BRACONIDAE; PERMETHRIN; DIPTERA AB Glass vial laboratory bioassays were used to evaluate sensitivities of a laboratory strain and a malathion-resistant field strain of the parasitoid Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to two pyrethroids, deltamethrin and cyfluthrin. Knockdown (24 h) and mortality (48 h) dose response data for the parasitoids were compared with those of laboratory and field strains of the parasitoid's host, the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). For both species, higher doses were required for mortality than for knockdown. LD50s for 48 h mortality for the field strain of A. calandrae were 0.36 mug/vial for deltamethrin and 1.52 mug/vial for cyfluthrin. The malathion-resistant field strain of A. calandrae was about 2-fold more resistant to the pyrethroids compared with the laboratory strain. LD50s for the field strain of S. oryzae were 0.51 mug/vial for deltamethrin and 1.51 mug/vial for cyfluthrin. There no significant differences in response of the laboratory and field strains of S. oryzae to the pyrethroids. Although they are not currently labelled for use as grain protectants, these pyrethroids offer several advantages over organophosphorothioates in controlling stored grain insects. However, resistance ratios in A. calandrae will have to be increased, probably through laboratory selection procedures, to allow this parasitoid to be used in a pest management program in combination with these compounds. RP BAKER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,3401 EDWIN ST,SAVANNAH,GA 31405, USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 29 IS 1 BP 100 EP 109 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NB008 UT WOS:A1994NB00800010 ER PT J AU LYNCH, RE BURTON, GW AF LYNCH, RE BURTON, GW TI RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF INSECTS ON BERMUDA-GRASSES AND BAHIA-GRASSES SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BERMUDAGRASS; BAHIAGRASS; LEAFHOPPERS; PLANTHOPPERS; TRIGONOTYLUS-DODDI ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS; HARVEST FREQUENCY; NOCTUIDAE; QUALITY; GRASSES; YIELD AB Populations of leafhoppers, planthoppers, Trigonotylus doddi (Distant) (Hemiptera: Miridae), and predators were monitored on bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) cultivars 'Coastal', 'Tifton 44', 'Tifton 78', and 'Tifton 85', and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) 'Tifton 9'; bahiagrass varieties 'Pensacola,' 'Argentine', and 'Sand Mountain'; and bahiagrass breeding lines 'Tifton 4', 'Tifton 5', 'Tifton 7', and 'Tifton 14' during 1991 and 1992. Insects were more abundant on bermudagrasses than on bahiagrasses. Significant differences in insect abundance also were noted among bermudagrasses, but not among bahiagrasses. Populations of certain leafhoppers and planthoppers were higher on 'Tifton 44' than on 'Coastal', while populations of leafhoppers, planthoppers, and T. doddi were lower on 'Tifton 78', and 'Tifton 85' than on 'Coastal.' In both years, the number of predators collected on the grasses was correlated with the number of planthoppers and with the total number of phytophagous insects. RP LYNCH, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 29 IS 1 BP 120 EP 129 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NB008 UT WOS:A1994NB00800012 ER PT J AU OBIN, MS VANDERMEER, RK AF OBIN, MS VANDERMEER, RK TI ALATE SEMIOCHEMICALS RELEASE WORKER BEHAVIOR DURING FIRE ANT NUPTIAL FLIGHTS SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE IMPORTED FIRE ANT; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; NUPTIAL FLIGHT; ALATES; SEMIOCHEMICALS; BEHAVIOR; CASTE RECOGNITION ID HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; SOLENOPSIS; PHEROMONE; QUEENS AB Bioassays conducted during induced laboratory mating flights of Solenopsis invicta Buren investigated whether alate semiochemicals stimulate formation of the worker retinues that accompany alates during the preflight stage. In paired tests comparing worker response to alates vs response to other workers, workers preferentially entered, searched and recruited nestmates to vials that contained either an alate corpse or alate residue. Olfactory cues of both males and gynes (but not workers) attracted workers, induced alarm - recruitment, and promoted alate retrieval. Workers responding to these cues in our bioassays exhibited recruitment behavior previously unreported for fire ants, i.e., ''back - and - forth jerking'' and ''group recruitment.'' We propose that the observed worker behavior is a response to alate mandibular gland - derived alarm pheromone modulated by less volatile caste recognition cues associated with the alate cuticle. RP OBIN, MS (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 29 IS 1 BP 143 EP 151 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NB008 UT WOS:A1994NB00800016 ER PT J AU KINN, DN PERRY, TJ GUINN, FH STROM, BL WOODRING, J AF KINN, DN PERRY, TJ GUINN, FH STROM, BL WOODRING, J TI ENERGY RESERVES OF INDIVIDUAL SOUTHERN PINE BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) AS DETERMINED BY A MODIFIED PHOSPHOVANILLIN SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE LIPIDS; TRIGLYCERIDES; INSECT FLIGHT; BARK BEETLES; SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE; SULFOPHOSPHOVANILLIN; ENERGY RESERVES ID IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS L; LIPID-CONTENT; FAT-CONTENT; SIZE; EMERGENCE; SURVIVAL; FLIGHT AB A modification of the sulfophosphovanillin photometric method for determining cholesterol levels in mammalian blood sera was adapted for determining the percentage of lipid in individual southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann. This method is simple and provided consistent results. It is ideally suited to ecological and physiological studies involving bark beetle behavior such as flight, orientation, oogenesis, and spermatogenesis. Using this modified method and flight mills, it was confirmed that lipids were metabolized during southern pine beetle flight and that females, the sex that initiates tree colonization, are heavier than males, contain a greater percentage of lipid, and are capable of flying longer and farther than male beetles. Regardless of sex, the greater the weight of the beetle, the greater its flight potential. RP KINN, DN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 29 IS 1 BP 152 EP 163 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NB008 UT WOS:A1994NB00800017 ER PT J AU SHARPLEY, A MEYER, M AF SHARPLEY, A MEYER, M TI MINIMIZING AGRICULTURAL NONPOINT-SOURCE IMPACTS - A SYMPOSIUM OVERVIEW SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Minimizing Agricultural Nonpoint-Source Impacts, at the ASA Annual Meeting CY NOV 02, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP AMER SOC AGRON AB Increased public awareness of the role of agriculture and associated chemical use in nonpoint-source pollution has prompted an urgency in obtaining information on the impact of current and proposed agricultural management practices on water quality. Because of easier identification and control of point sources of pollution, agricultural nonpoint sources now account for a larger share of all discharges than a decade ago. Consequently, there is a need to identify critical sources for control; target specific controls for different water quality objectives within different watersheds; and evaluate and implement cost-effective management practices that minimize the potential loss of agricultural chemicals to surface and groundwaters. This paper provides a brief overview of agricultural nonpoint source issues and options presented at a special symposium, ''Minimizing Agricultural Nonpoint-Source Impacts,'' held during the American Society of Agronomy meetings in November 1992 and cosponsored by the Metropolitan Waste Control Commission. Several papers that were given at this symposium and presented in this issue are introduced. C1 METROPOLITAN WASTE CONTROL COMMISS,ST PAUL,MN 55106. RP SHARPLEY, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MU330 UT WOS:A1994MU33000001 ER PT J AU OBERLE, SL BURKART, MR AF OBERLE, SL BURKART, MR TI WATER-RESOURCE IMPLICATIONS OF MIDWEST AGROECOSYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Minimizing Agricultural Nonpoint-Source Impacts, at the ASA Annual Meeting CY NOV 02, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP AMER SOC AGRON ID GROUNDWATER QUALITY; SURFACE-WATER; HERBICIDES; TILLAGE AB Agriculture contributes to nonpoint-source pollution of the nation's water resources through leaching and runoff of crop nutrients, pesticides, and animal wastes, and through soil erosion from cropland. Development of effective solutions to water quality problems resulting from agricultural activities requires input of information synthesized from many disciplines, and coordination and integration of various scientific and technical programs. This article describes a program for synthesizing information resulting from USDA, USEPB, and USGS projects into evaluations of the regional impact of existing and innovative agroecosystems on surfacewater and groundwater quality. The program involves two facets with equal function and importance: assembling and analyzing information to characterize Midwest agroecosystems and to estimate water quality response; and developing effective systems for disseminating information and technology to end users. Four phases are presented as sequential, interdependent components of the program: (i) information acquisition and assessment; (ii) synthesis and systems development; (iii) education and technology transfer; and (iv) evaluation. integration of information from water quality programs in the Midwest will provide it comprehensive and regional analysis, and can serve as the basis for disseminating information and technology necessary to implement agricultural management systems with maximum potential for protecting water resources. Regional analysis can also serve as input into the development of agricultural policy that is compatible with the nation's environmental and fiscal goals. C1 USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. RP OBERLE, SL (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,USDA EXTENS SERV,214 NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 23 IS 1 BP 4 EP 8 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MU330 UT WOS:A1994MU33000002 ER PT J AU SHARPLEY, AN INDIATI, R CIAVATTA, C ROSSI, N SEQUI, P AF SHARPLEY, AN INDIATI, R CIAVATTA, C ROSSI, N SEQUI, P TI INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON OF IRON OXIDE-IMPREGNATED PAPER TO ESTIMATE BIOAVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Minimizing Agricultural Nonpoint-Source Impacts, at the ASA Annual Meeting CY NOV 02, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP AMER SOC AGRON ID AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; FILTER-PAPER; AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF; SOILS; SEDIMENT; LAKES; WATER AB The transport of bioavailable phosphorus (BAP) in agricultural runoff can accelerate the eutrophication of receiving water bodies. However, procedural and theoretical Limitations of algal bioassays and chemical extractants have restricted widespread measurement of BAP. Thus, a simple method using iron oxide-impregnated paper (Fe-oxide strips) as a sink for BAP in runoff samples has been developed. As the method has potential application for BAP extraction at one location and analysis at another, Fe-oxide strips were sent to Bologna and Rome, Italy, for P extraction of runoff samples and BAP determined These BAP estimates were not significantly different (p < 0.001) from values determined on duplicate strips returned to the USA for BAP analysis. The close agreement in BAP measured in Italian and U.S. laboratories indicates that the simplicity of the proposed method can give highly reproducible BAP estimates. Prepared Fe-oxide strips may be sent to a location and BAP extracted using only a 100- to 500-mL bottle in which a strip and runoff sample are shaken overnight. The Fe-oxide strip may then be air-dried and returned to an analytical laboratory for subsequent P removal and measurement. Storage of these strips for up to 60 d had no effect on the amounts of P released. C1 IST SPERIMENTALE NUTR PIANTE,I-00184 ROME,ITALY. UNIV BOLOGNA,IST CHIM AGR,I-40127 BOLOGNA,ITALY. RP SHARPLEY, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. OI CIAVATTA, CLAUDIO/0000-0002-7914-4394 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 23 IS 1 BP 14 EP 18 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MU330 UT WOS:A1994MU33000004 ER PT J AU SUGIHARTO, T MCINTOSH, TH UHRIG, RC LARDINOIS, JJ AF SUGIHARTO, T MCINTOSH, TH UHRIG, RC LARDINOIS, JJ TI MODELING ALTERNATIVES TO REDUCE DAIRY FARM AND WATERSHED NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Minimizing Agricultural Nonpoint-Source Impacts, at the ASA Annual Meeting CY NOV 02, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP AMER SOC AGRON AB Management practices are available that may reduce sediment or phosphorus (P) loading to streams draining agricultural land. An evaluation of the long term effects of implementing one or more of these practices is needed. We used the Erosion Productivity Impact Cal culator (EPIC) and Agricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) models to evaluate 20 management practices for sediment and P yields from 4 ha fields in a 1272 ha watershed of dairy farms. Five crop sequences [continuous corn (Zea mays L.) CC(OA)AAA, CC(OA)AAAA, CCC(OA)AAA, and CCCAAA; 0, oat (Avena safiva L.); A, alfalfa (medicago sativa L.)] combined with either fall moldboard plowing (mFMP), chisel plow (mFCP), no-till (mNT), or no-till substituting anhydrous ammonia for manure (aNT), were imposed on a toposequencc of three Alfisols. The normal sequence, 2 yr of corn, oat/alfalfa seeding, 3 yr of alfalfa with fall application of solid manure followed by moldboard plowing, CC(OA)AAA-mFMP, served as reference. Scenarios were subjected to 42 yr of simulated local climate. Scenarios with 43% or less row crop and mNT on a 4% sloping soil reduced sediment yield from 24 to 47%, at edge of field, but increased total P yield from 158 to 338%, mostly as soluble P. The EPIC output parameters (soil loss ratio[C] for June, erodibility [K], Manning's n, and SCS curve number [CN]) served as inputs to the (AGNPS) model, a cell based single rainfall event model that simulates runoff, sediment, and P yields From a watershed. Crop sequences not exceeding 43% corn and mFCP or aNT reduced watershed sediment yield 13 to 41%, but increased total P yield by 44 to 113% as compared with CC(OA)AAA-mFMP. Average annual costs were $11 ha(-1) less for these sequences when compared with CC(OA)AAA-mFMP. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT NAT & APPL SCI,GREEN BAY,WI 54311. USDA SCS,WATER QUAL DEMONSTRAT,PROJECT E RIVER,GREEN BAY,WI 54302. UNIV MATARAM,FAK PERTERNAKAN,MATARAM 83125,INDONESIA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 23 IS 1 BP 18 EP 24 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MU330 UT WOS:A1994MU33000005 ER PT J AU MILLER, JE BOOKER, FL FISCUS, EL HEAGLE, AS PURSLEY, WA VOZZO, SF HECK, WW AF MILLER, JE BOOKER, FL FISCUS, EL HEAGLE, AS PURSLEY, WA VOZZO, SF HECK, WW TI ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION AND OZONE EFFECTS ON GROWTH, YIELD, AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF SOYBEAN SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PHOTON FLUX-DENSITY; TOP FIELD CHAMBERS; UV-B; CONSEQUENCES; STRESS AB The projected increase in solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation due to depletion of stratospheric ozone (O-3) has caused concern regarding possible UV-B damage to crops. At the same time, tropospheric O-3 is projected to remain at concentrations that are known to damage crops. Since these two stressors may co-occur, experiments were performed to determine their separate and joint effects on crop growth, yield, and photosynthesis. Open-top chambers, equipped with filtered UV-B lamp systems, were used in 3 yr of field studies to treat soybean [Glycine mau (L.) Merr.; 'Coker 6955','Essex', and 'S 53-34'] with supplemental UV-B radiation and/or O-3 from emergence through physiological maturity. Treatment levels of biologically effective UV-B radiation (UV-B-BE) simulated the increase in ground level W-B for stratospheric O-3 depletion up to 37% (approximately a doubling of ambient UV-B-BE). Ozone treatment concentrations ranged from 14 to 83 nL L(-1) (seasonal mean 12 h d(-1) concentrations). Ultraviolet-B radiation did not affect soybean seed yield in any of the 3 yr of the study. In 1 yr, UV-B affected pod and seed number and pod weight, but the treatment means were not consistently related to the UV-B dose. No O-3 x UV-B interactions were found for any yield component at final harvest. Biweekly harvests of Essex during the growing season did not reveal any persistent effects of increased UV-B radiation on growth. Net carbon exchange rate (NCER), stomatal conductance, and transpiration of Essex soybean leaves were not suppressed by supplemental UV-B radiation. On the other hand, O-3 treatment consistently induced visible injury, suppressed NCER and water use efficiency, accelerated reproductive development, and suppressed growth and yield. It is concluded that tropospheric O-3 poses a greater threat to soybean production than projected levels of UV-B radiation. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27606. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27606. RP MILLER, JE (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT,1509 VARS DR,RALEIGH,NC 27606, USA. NR 33 TC 35 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 23 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MU330 UT WOS:A1994MU33000012 ER PT J AU WILLIS, GH MCDOWELL, LL SMITH, S SOUTHWICK, LM AF WILLIS, GH MCDOWELL, LL SMITH, S SOUTHWICK, LM TI PERMETHRIN AND SULPROFOS WASHOFF FROM COTTON PLANTS AS A FUNCTION OF TIME BETWEEN APPLICATION AND INITIAL RAINFALL SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED RAINFALL; METHYL PARATHION; PERSISTENCE; FENVALERATE AB Understanding pesticide foliar washoff is important in environmental modeling, pest management, and development of integrated management systems. This study was conducted to determine the effect of elapsed time between spray application and initial rainfall on insecticide washoff from foliage. Permethrin [(3-phenolryphenyl)-methyl(1R,S)-cis,trans-3-(2,2aichloroethenyl)2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate] and sulprofos [0-ethyl 0-(4-methylthiophenyl)-S-propyl phosphorodithioate] were applied to mature cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants as tank-mixed emulsifiable concentrates with a water carrier. Simulated rain (51 mm in 1 h) was applied to the cotton plants at different times after insecticide application to determine washoff characteristics for both compounds. Residues of both insecticides became increasingly resistant to washoff with increasing time interval between insecticide application and initial rainfall. The mean amounts of both insecticides washed from the plants were related to the mean insecticide loads on the plants and decreased with time. On the average, the first 2 to 3 mm of rain removed 50% of the total amounts of insecticide washed from the plants by the 51-mm storm. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. RP WILLIS, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER RES UNIT,4115 GOURRIER AVE,BATON ROUGE,LA 70808, USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 23 IS 1 BP 96 EP 100 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MU330 UT WOS:A1994MU33000014 ER PT J AU WEIER, KL DORAN, JW MOSIER, AR POWER, JF PETERSON, TA AF WEIER, KL DORAN, JW MOSIER, AR POWER, JF PETERSON, TA TI POTENTIAL FOR BIOREMEDIATION OF HIGH NITRATE IRRIGATION WATER VIA DENITRIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE; FIELD MEASUREMENT; SOIL; CARBON; REDUCTION; LOSSES; N2O AB Nitrogen fertilizer application to irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) can result in N leaching from the crop rooting zone into groundwater. Microbial denitrification, with ethanol as an energy source, was evaluated for prevention of groundwater contamination under irrigated corn in Nebraska where irrigation water NO3--N levels can exceed 30 mg L(-1). A field study was conducted on a Herd silt loam (Pachic Haplustoll) in central Nebraska by installing plastic (PVC) cylinders (28.7 cm diam. by 1.8 m long) in soil to a depth of 1.2 m and irrigating with 17.1 cm of water containing 30 mg L(-1) isotopically enriched (76.6 atom% N-15) KNO3-N equivalent to 51.8 kg N ha(-1). Soil remediation treatment included addition of 10 mt ethanol (644 kg C ha(-1)) to three of six cylinders. Gas samples taken every 6 h for 4 d from the soil surface and soil profile indicated that ethanol addition stimulated microbial respiration and denitrification. Cumulative loss of gaseous N from the soil surface over this period was 12.7 kg N ha(-1) or 24.5% of the added N-15-NO3; an additional 27 kg N ha(-1) NO3 was lost from the ethanol-amended soil profile. In the laboratory, intact soil cores taken at five intervals to a 132-cm soil depth adjacent to field cylinders were brought to 90% WFPS (water-filled pore space) by applying treatments of ethanol (19.8 kg C ha(-1)) and NO3- (0.88 kg NO3--N ha(-1)) and incubated at 25 degrees C, with 100 mt L(-1) C2H2, for 7 d during which time headspace gas samples were analyzed for N2O and CO2. Soil respiration and denitrification increased with ethanol addition except in surface soil where C availability was not limiting. We conclude that ethanol addition to high NO3- irrigation water may remediate groundwater NO3- contamination. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. UNIV NEBRASKA,DIV AGR RES,LINCOLN,NE. RP WEIER, KL (reprint author), CSIRO,DIV TROP CROPS & PASTURES,306 CARMODY RD,ST LUCIA,QLD 4067,AUSTRALIA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 23 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MU330 UT WOS:A1994MU33000016 ER PT J AU CHOI, H MOREAU, JP SRINIVASAN, M AF CHOI, H MOREAU, JP SRINIVASAN, M TI CLEANUP OF AGROCHEMICAL SPILLS USING COTTON SORBENTS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL LA English DT Article DE PESTICIDE; SPILLS; CLEANUP; SORBENT; NONWOVENS; COTTON ID OIL; SORPTION; WATER AB We evaluated natural sorbents such as cotton that had been structured into needlepunched nonwovens with or without polypropylene fibers in the cleanup of agrochemical spills such as malathion,. It was shown that at high levels of compaction and fraction of polypropylene, mechanical properties of the nonwoven sorbents were generally increased considerably. At low level of compaction, variations on mechanical properties by fiber composition became smaller or nonsignificant On the other hand, at low level of compaction nonwovens made by high fraction of gray cotton showed excellent sorption capacities. The highly effective natural sorbents can be produced by using gray cotton fibers to replace synthetic sorbents such as polypropylene in cleanup of agrochemical spills occurred both on land and in water. However, the repeated application is not recommended for the gray cotton sorbent in cleanup of malathion. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP CHOI, H (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT CLOTHING TEXT & INTERIOR DESIGN,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1077-1204 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subt. Control PY 1994 VL 29 IS 10 BP 2151 EP 2168 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PX492 UT WOS:A1994PX49200007 ER PT J AU HELLING, CS ENGELKE, BF DOHERTY, MA AF HELLING, CS ENGELKE, BF DOHERTY, MA TI DDT DISSIPATION IN HAWAIIAN IN-SITU SOIL COLUMNS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE DDT; DDE; DDD; TEBUTHIURON; SOIL PERSISTENCE; LEACHING ID PERSISTENCE; RESIDUES AB [C-14]DDT persistence and movement was monitored for 25 months after treatment of in-situ soil columns in Hawaii, USA. This was part of an international collaborative protocol coordinated by the International Atomic Energy Agency and carried out at 13 tropical locations. DDT metabolite DDE, and herbicide tebuthiuron, were included in the Hawaiian test for comparison with DDT. Persistence based on overall loss of radioactivity was described by first-order and two-compartment models: half-dissipation times were 53 and 25 weeks, respectively. The second model represented more accurately the rapid loss of C-14 during the first month after treatment. Time to 50% loss based on analysis of methanol-extractable C-14 was 66-68 weeks (both models), or somewhat shorter (40-53 weeks) when C-14 was measured in the final hexane solution before gas chromatographic (GC) analysis. Direct GC analysis of that solution gave 24 weeks (first-order) and 13 weeks (two-compartment) for DDT alone, and 37 weeks and 27 weeks, respectively, for the sum of DDT + DDE + DDD residues. After 10 months, further dissipation of either radioactivity or of DDT itself was very slow; the two-compartment model predicted 90% loss of methanol-extractable C-14 in 11 years and of DDT, in 3 years. Within 18 weeks post-DDT-treatment, metabolite DDE had reached a stable concentration of ca. 7% of added DDT. No DDD accumulated. Bound residue content was 10-15% by 2 years. [C-14]DDT and other radioactivity moved below the 10-cm leaching column by 3-4 months. By 25 months, 3% of the originally applied C-14 occurred deeper than 10 cm, or about 8% of the total C-14 then recovered. Little or no radioactivity migrated below 17.5 cm. Rainfall at the site averaged ca. 2500 mm y(-1). Tebuthiuron was less persistent than DDT; estimated half-life was ca. 12 weeks and the herbicide was much more mobile. C1 USDA ARS,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1994 VL 29 IS 1 BP 103 EP 119 DI 10.1080/03601239409372863 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MY958 UT WOS:A1994MY95800012 ER PT J AU LEHOTAY, SJ MILLER, RW AF LEHOTAY, SJ MILLER, RW TI EVALUATION OF COMMERCIAL IMMUNOASSAYS FOR THE DETECTION OF ALACHLOR IN MILK, EGGS AND LIVER SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE IMMUNOASSAY; ALACHLOR; MILK; EGGS; LIVER ID ELISA; WATER AB For regulatory purposes, there is a need for rapid, uncomplicated, and inexpensive methods to monitor pesticide residues in food. Commercial immunoassay kits from 3 manufacturers were evaluated for the detection of alachlor in cow milk and urine, and one kit was chosen for assay of chicken eggs and livers. Milk and urine were analyzed after a 1:2 dilution in water, and a rapid extraction procedure was developed for eggs and liver samples. Assays of incurred samples were performed after dosing a cow and several chickens with alachlor. Alachlor was detected in milk and eggs, but not in livers from hens dosed up to 12 mg/kg body weight. The ELISA detection limits were 0.3 ng/mL in milk, 2 ng/g in eggs, and 3 ng/g in liver. The major drawback with the kits was the low cross-reactivity of the antibodies for some of the alachlor metabolites. RP LEHOTAY, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1994 VL 29 IS 3 BP 395 EP 414 DI 10.1080/03601239409372887 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NJ151 UT WOS:A1994NJ15100002 PM 8201174 ER PT J AU KOSKINEN, WC SELLUNG, KE BAKER, JM BARBER, BL DOWDY, RH AF KOSKINEN, WC SELLUNG, KE BAKER, JM BARBER, BL DOWDY, RH TI ULTRASONIC DECOMPOSITION OF ATRAZINE AND ALACHLOR IN WATER SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE ATRAZINE; ALACHLOR; ULTRASONIC DECOMPOSITION ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SOIL AB The collapse of ultrasonically-generated cavitation bubbles can result in sonochemical reactions. The kinetics of sonochemical decomposition of alachlor and atrazine in water were determined using a sonicator operating in the continuous mode at maximum output. Alachlor and atrazine solutions, 3.1 nmol L(-1), were kept at constant temperature during the sonication. Decomposition at 30 degrees C followed first-order kinetics: k = 8.01 X 10(-3) min(-1) and 2.10 X 10(-3) min(-1) for alachlor and atrazine, respectively. It is not clear from the product analysis whether the decomposition was due to a thermal or free radical reaction, However, regardless of the decomposition mechanisms, the extrapolated half-lives (86 and 330 min for alachlor and atrazine, respectively) support the potential development of ultrasonic waves to decompose herbicides in contaminated water. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP KOSKINEN, WC (reprint author), US ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1994 VL 29 IS 3 BP 581 EP 590 DI 10.1080/03601239409372895 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NJ151 UT WOS:A1994NJ15100010 ER PT J AU DUBOIS, NR MIERZEJEWSKI, K REARDON, RC MCLANE, W WITCOSKY, JJ AF DUBOIS, NR MIERZEJEWSKI, K REARDON, RC MCLANE, W WITCOSKY, JJ TI BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS FIELD APPLICATIONS - EFFECT OF NOZZLE TYPE, DROP SIZE, AND APPLICATION TIMING ON EFFICACY AGAINST GYPSY-MOTH SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Improved Pesticide Applications, at the Joint Annual Meeting of the Entomological-Society-of-Canada and the Entomological-Society-of-Ontario CY SEP 25-29, 1993 CL SAINTE MARIE, CANADA SP ENTOMOL SOC CANADA, ENTOMOL SOC ONTARIO DE BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS; GYPSY MOTH; AERIAL APPLICATION ID LYMANTRIIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA AB In a series of recent studies, we evaluated the influence of delivery systems, drop size and application timing on the efficacy of aerially applied Bacillus thuringiensis against gypsy moth infestations. Use of different nozzle systems including Micronair, Flat Fan or Twin Jet, did not appear to result in significant differences in Bt coverage efficiency, foliage protection or population reduction. Nor was there any significant difference in population reduction when Bt was applied at two different drop sizes with volume median diameters of 110 and 163 mu m. The efficacy of different formulations on larval populations were similar when used against the younger 1st and 2nd instar but differed when treatment was delayed until the population matured to the 3rd and 4th instar stages. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,PESTICIDE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802. US FOREST SERV,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. US ANIM PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,PPQ,OTIS ANG BASE,MA 02542. RP DUBOIS, NR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE CTR FOREST HLTH RES,51 MILL POND RD,HAMDEN,CT 06514, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 679 EP 695 DI 10.1080/03601239409372900 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NR332 UT WOS:A1994NR33200006 ER PT J AU REARDON, RC PODGWAITE, JD AF REARDON, RC PODGWAITE, JD TI SUMMARY OF EFFICACY EVALUATIONS USING AERIALLY APPLIED GYPCHEK(R) AGAINST GYPSY-MOTH IN THE USA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Improved Pesticide Applications, at the Joint Annual Meeting of the Entomological-Society-of-Canada and the Entomological-Society-of-Ontario CY SEP 25-29, 1993 CL SAINTE MARIE, CANADA SP ENTOMOL SOC CANADA, ENTOMOL SOC ONTARIO DE NUCLEOPOLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; GYPSY MOTH VIRUS; OCCLUSION BODIES; SUNSCREEN AGENT; ORZAN(R) LS; RHOPLEX(R) B60A; PROMO(R); OPTICAL BRIGHTENER; FIELD EFFICACY ID LYMANTRIIDAE POPULATIONS; LEPIDOPTERA; VIRUS AB Gypchek(R), the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) nucleopolyhedrosis virus product, is manufactured by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, and Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service under controlled conditions in a laboratory strain of gypsy moth larvae. Gypchek was registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1978 as a general use pesticide to control gypsy moth. This product has been the subject of intense research and development targeted toward maximizing efficacy while minimizing the cost of production and application. The current Gypchek tank mix is applied at 1.25 x 10(12) occlusion bodies (OB's) per hectare for each of two applications (3-days apart) at 18.7 litres/ha per application. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,HAMDEN,CT. RP REARDON, RC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE AREA STATE & PRIVATE FORESTRY,MORGANTOWN,WV, USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 739 EP 756 DI 10.1080/03601239409372902 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NR332 UT WOS:A1994NR33200008 ER PT J AU NELSON, SO AF NELSON, SO TI MEASUREMENT OF MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES OF PARTICULATE MATERIALS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PERMITTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; DENSITY DEPENDENCE; 22 GHZ; KERNELS; GRAIN; SPECTROSCOPY; FREQUENCIES; SOYBEANS; DOMAIN; SYSTEM AB Methods of measuring the dielectric properties of granular and powdered or pulverized materials at microwave frequencies are discussed. Factors affecting the dielectric properties of materials, such as frequency, moisture content, temperature and bulk density, are reviewed, and the nature of their influence is discussed. Dielectric properties measured for some particulate materials are presented to illustrate their variation with these variables. Relationships between the dielectric constants and loss factors of particulate materials and the bulk density of these materials are discussed, and data illustrating these relationships are presented. Dielectric mixture equations are identified for use in correlating the dielectric properties of particulate materials with their bulk densities and for use in estimating the dielectric properties of the particles from measurements of the dielectric properties and densities of particulate materials. RP NELSON, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 49 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PY 1994 VL 21 IS 3 BP 365 EP 384 DI 10.1016/0260-8774(94)90080-9 PG 20 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA MT186 UT WOS:A1994MT18600008 ER PT J AU NISBET, DJ RICKE, SC SCANLAN, CM CORRIER, DE HOLLISTER, AG DELOACH, JR AF NISBET, DJ RICKE, SC SCANLAN, CM CORRIER, DE HOLLISTER, AG DELOACH, JR TI INOCULATION OF BROILER CHICKS WITH A CONTINUOUS-FLOW DERIVED BACTERIAL CULTURE FACILITATES EARLY CECAL BACTERIAL-COLONIZATION AND INCREASES RESISTANCE TO SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; PREVENTION; POULTS; MICE AB Experiments were conducted to examine the effect of a continuous-flow (CF) derived bacterial culture and of dietary lactose on colonization level by anaerobic bacteria in the ceca of broiler chicks. Cecal facultative and strictly anaerobic bacteria colony forming units (CFU), total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), lactic and propionic acid concentrations in 3-d-old chicks, and cecal log,, Salmonella typhimurium colonization and propionic acid concentrations in l0-d-old chicks were measured. Treatment groups were control diet, 2% lactose diet, CF culture + control diet, and CF culture + 2% lactose diet. Groups inoculated with CF culture had decreased (P < 0.05) Salmonella in cecal contents at 10 d of age. The level of Salmonella protection was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with increased cecal bacteria CFU, TVFA, and propionic acid concentrations in 3-d-old chicks. Results indicated that inoculating newly hatched chicks with CF culture containing cecal microflora originally obtained from adult chickens, facilitates early cecal colonization by native cecal microflora, and this is associated with protection against Salmonella. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,COLL STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP NISBET, DJ (reprint author), US ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 28 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 57 IS 1 BP 12 EP 14 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA MT226 UT WOS:A1994MT22600002 ER PT J AU CYGNAROWICZPROVOST, M WHITING, RC CRAIG, JC AF CYGNAROWICZPROVOST, M WHITING, RC CRAIG, JC TI STEAM SURFACE PASTEURIZATION OF BEEF FRANKFURTERS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MEAT; STEAM PASTEURIZATION; MICROBES; LISTERIA; FRANKFURTERS ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; RESISTANCE; CARCASSES; POULTRY AB Meat and poultry products are sources of foodborne bacterial contamination. We used flash steam heating followed by evaporative cooling to quickly reduce bacterial contamination on the surface of beef frankfurters without degrading appearance. The rate of heat transfer was studied by measuring surface temperature in a pressure chamber during steam heating. Quality changes were determined by measuring color and weight as functions of steam temperature and treatment time. Efficacy of the process was verified by microbiological experiments using L. innocua. Treatment times of 30-40 sec at 115-136 degrees C gave a 4 log reduction in bacterial counts on the surface without severely affecting color or weight. After long-term storage at 6 degrees C and at 19 degrees C, levels of bacteria on inoculated frankfurters remained reduced and there was no difference between treated and untreated products in color or weight. RP CYGNAROWICZPROVOST, M (reprint author), US ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb06883.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA MZ641 UT WOS:A1994MZ64100001 ER PT J AU BERRY, BW AF BERRY, BW TI FAT LEVEL, HIGH-TEMPERATURE COOKING AND DEGREE OF DONENESS AFFECT SENSORY, CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES OF BEEF PATTIES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GROUND BEEF; LOW-FAT; COOKING METHOD; DONENESS; SENSORY QUALITY ID COOKED GROUND-BEEF; CHOLESTEROL CONTENT; CALORIC VALUE AB Ground beef patties containing either 4 or 20% fat were cooked by electric grill (G) alone or in combination with overhead broiler unit (BG) to be (visually) either medium or well-done. Patties with 20% fat had higher beef flavor intensity, juiciness and tenderness scores, lower Instron shear and compression values, and lower cooking yields than 4% fat patties. However, 4% fat patties cooked to medium, had similar sensory ratings to 20% fat patties cooked well-done. About 20% of patties cooked to medium did not reach recommended internal temperatures and holding times for food safety. RP BERRY, BW (reprint author), US ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 BP 10 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb06885.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA MZ641 UT WOS:A1994MZ64100003 ER PT J AU ANG, CYW HUANG, YW AF ANG, CYW HUANG, YW TI COLOR CHANGES OF CHICKEN LEG PATTIES DUE TO END-POINT TEMPERATURE, PACKAGING AND REFRIGERATED STORAGE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHICKEN LEG PATTIES; SURFACE COLOR; STORAGE STABILITY; PACKAGING; TEMPERATURE ID MEAT AB Patties of broiler leg muscle were heated to end-point temperatures (EPT) of 60, 65, 70, 75, 80 or 85 degrees C, packaged in polyethylene bags or vacuum skin packs and stored at 4 degrees C for up to 14 days. As EPT increased, lightness (''L'') and yellowness (''b'') increased whereas redness (''a'') decreased. Patty top surface center color ''L'' and ''a'' values correlated highly with the interior cut surface values. Patties stored in plastic zipper bags tended to show a lower ''b'' (P<0.05) reading than patties stored in vacuum skin packs and plastic film. Storage for 2 wk at 4 degrees C increased ''L'', and decreased ''a'' and ''b'' for all patties. As EPT increased, the color difference (Delta E) at the interior cut surface of patties heated to lower EPT and those heated to 85 degrees C were reduced. C1 US ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 BP 26 EP 29 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb06889.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA MZ641 UT WOS:A1994MZ64100007 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, DW HEARNSBERGER, JO AF FREEMAN, DW HEARNSBERGER, JO TI RANCIDITY IN SELECTED SITES OF FROZEN CATFISH FILLETS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATFISH; FILLETS; TBA VALUES; ALDEHYDES; RANCIDITY ID LIPID OXIDATION; FISH; PUNCTATUS; MEAT AB Gas chromatographic volatiles and TBA values for three external fillet sites (lateral line, visceral-side and skin-side) and the fillet interior were compared with sensory evaluations of baked fillets to determine rancidity development. A sampling technique was developed that allowed procurement of the various fillet site tissues from whole fillets after storage at -20 degrees C for up to 6 mo. The lateral line had the most rancidity while internal tissues had the least. Instrumental examination of the lateral line proved effective for predicting sensory detection of rancidity. Correlation coefficients for lateral line total volatiles and TBA values with flavor were 0.98 and 0.95, respectively C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP FREEMAN, DW (reprint author), US ARS,AQUACULTURE RES PROJECT,TISHOMINGO,OK 73460, USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 BP 60 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb06897.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA MZ641 UT WOS:A1994MZ64100015 ER PT J AU IZUMI, H WATADA, AE AF IZUMI, H WATADA, AE TI CALCIUM TREATMENTS AFFECT STORAGE QUALITY OF SHREDDED CARROTS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARROT; LIGHTLY PROCESSED; CALCIUM; TEXTURE; MICROBIAL POPULATION ID MINIMALLY PROCESSED FRUITS; VEGETABLES; LETTUCE; APPLES; SLICES AB Carrot shreds, sticks and slices were dipped in solutions of CaCl2 alone, or with chlorine and stored at 0, 5 or 10 degrees C to determine the effects of calcium (Ca) on storage quality. A 0.5% or 1% CaCl2 treatment maintained firmness and reduced microbial growth of carrot shreds at all temperatures. These treatments also resulted in lower tissue pH than in the water-dipped controls. Treatments increased Ca content slightly in sticks and slices and substantially in shreds and had no effect on storage quality of sticks or slices. RP IZUMI, H (reprint author), US ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 BP 106 EP 109 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb06908.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA MZ641 UT WOS:A1994MZ64100026 ER PT J AU KYUNG, KH FLEMING, HP AF KYUNG, KH FLEMING, HP TI ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CABBAGE JUICE AGAINST LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CABBAGE JUICE; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; LACTIC ACID BACTERIA; LEUCONOSTOC; LACTOBACILLUS ID SAUERKRAUT FERMENTATION; GARLIC EXTRACT; CYSTINE LYASE; CULTURE MEDIA; VEGETABLES AB Fresh juice of Cecile cultivar cabbage (Brassica oleracea) was inhibitory to the growth of four species (including seven strains) of lactic acid bacteria. Inhibition was eliminated when the cabbage was heated (steamed 10 min) before juice extraction. When Leuconostoc mesenteroides C33 was tested in juices of three other cultivars of cabbage, growth inhibition was invariably noted in fresh juices, but was variable in heated juices. Fresh cabbage juice (CJ) adjusted to higher initial pH (6.5-7.5) showed greater antibacterial activities than at pH 5.0 to 6.0. When pH 4.0 precipitate from fresh CJ was added to noninhibitory CJ (cabbage heated before extraction), antibacterial activity was restored. A heat-labile and pH-dependent factor seemed responsible for activating a precursor into an inhibitory compound. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, US ARS, FOOD FERMENTAT LAB, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT FOOD SCI, N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 BP 125 EP 129 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb06915.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA MZ641 UT WOS:A1994MZ64100033 ER PT J AU SAPERS, GM AF SAPERS, GM TI COLOR CHARACTERISTICS AND STABILITY OF NONBLEEDING COCKTAIL CHERRIES DYED WITH CAROTENOID-PIGMENTS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHERRIES; COLOR; CAROTENOIDS; APO-CAROTENAL; CANTHAXANTHIN AB Experimental cocktail cherries dyed with carotenoids and commercial cherries were compared by spectrocolorimetry to determine color characteristics and stability. Cherries dyed with canthaxanthin, apocarotenal and oleoresin paprika were more tomato- or orange-red than cherries dyed with Red No. 40, Red No. 3, or carmine. No color bleeding was observed with carotenoid-dyed cherries. The color of cherries dyed with canthaxanthin was stable for 1 year at 4 degrees C. Color stability was not as good in cherries dyed with apo-carotenal but could be improved greatly by addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ascorbic acid to preservative solutions in which cherries were stored. RP SAPERS, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 BP 135 EP 138 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb06917.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA MZ641 UT WOS:A1994MZ64100035 ER PT J AU BUCHANAN, RL GOLDEN, MH WHITING, RC PHILLIPS, JG SMITH, JL AF BUCHANAN, RL GOLDEN, MH WHITING, RC PHILLIPS, JG SMITH, JL TI NONTHERMAL INACTIVATION MODELS FOR LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MICROBES; INACTIVATION; LISTERIA; MATHEMATICAL MODEL ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE; ORGANIC-ACIDS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; TOLERANCE RESPONSE; SCOTT-A; LOW PH; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; ACIDULANT AB The effects of temperature, lactic acid (or pH), sodium chloride, and sodium nitrite on the non-thermal inactivation of a three strain mixture of Listeria monocytogenes were examined in brain heart infusion broth. A total of 249 survivor curves representing 157 combinations of the four variables were generated. The survivor curves were described mathematically by fitting data using linear and nonlinear primary models. Supplemental studies demonstrated that (1) preculturing the microorganism in an acidic environment or in media containing glucose increased acid tolerance, (2) survivor curve tailing was not due to the presence of a more resistant subpopulation, and (3) the rate of nonthermal inactivation was independent of initial population density. Response surface models were developed for predicting the effects and interactions of the four independent variables on the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes under adverse environmental conditions. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,N ATLANTIC AREA OFF,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP BUCHANAN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 40 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 9 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb06928.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA MZ641 UT WOS:A1994MZ64100046 ER PT J AU BOYCE, SG MCNAB, WH AF BOYCE, SG MCNAB, WH TI MANAGEMENT OF FORESTED LANDSCAPES - SIMULATIONS OF 3 ALTERNATIVES SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ASHEVILLE,NC. RP BOYCE, SG (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,SCH ENVIRONM,POB 90328,DURHAM,NC 27708, USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 92 IS 1 BP 27 EP 32 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MR057 UT WOS:A1994MR05700012 ER PT J AU BAUCHAN, GR CAMPBELL, TA AF BAUCHAN, GR CAMPBELL, TA TI USE OF AN IMAGE-ANALYSIS SYSTEM TO KARYOTYPE DIPLOID ALFALFA (MEDICAGO-SATIVA L) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article AB Alfalfa somatic chromosomes are difficult to karyotype due to autotetraploidy, a relatively large number of chromosomes (2n = 4x = 32), small chromosome size (2 to 3 mu m), and difficulty in identifying all eight sets of chromosomes because of their similar chromosome morphology. These difficulties can be surmounted by studying diploid (2n = 2x = 16) alfalfa and using a microcomputer-based image analysis system for karyotyping. Image analysis enhances the chromosome image by pseudecolorizing the image according to densitometric measurements and by enlarging the image, which enables the edges of the chromosomes to be distinguished. The chromosome arms from 26 cells were measured, and the relative chromosome lengths and arm ratios were computed. A randomized complete block design experiment showed that the relative length and total chromosome length measurement could be used to distinguish the eight homologous chromosome pairs. The video image was cut and pasted on the video screen according to the analyzed data to produce the karyotype. The diploid alfalfa karyotype consists of one pair of satellited chromesomes, one pair of large submetacentric chromosomes, three pairs of metasubmetacentric chromosomes, and three pairs of small metacentric chromosomes. This image analysis system is especially useful for plant species such as alfalfa that have been difficult to karyotype due to small chromosome size, similar chromosome morphology, and polyploidy. Other applications of this image analysis system are discussed. RP BAUCHAN, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 85 IS 1 BP 18 EP 22 PG 5 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA MV870 UT WOS:A1994MV87000004 ER PT J AU DUNLAP, JR ROBACKER, KM AF DUNLAP, JR ROBACKER, KM TI WOUND-INDUCED ETHYLENE PRODUCTION FROM EXCISED MUSKMELON FRUIT TISSUE SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE; CANTALOUPE; TOMATO; ACID AB Previous studies indicate that physical damage or wounding increases the preclimacteric production of ethylene in muskmelon fruit (Cucumis melo L., var. reticulatus Naud.) by inducing 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase. In our experiments, ethylene production increased in the cylinders of preclimacteric fruit tissue from an undetectable level to 125 nl g-1 h-1 within 24 h after excision but declined to less than 50 nl g-1 at 48 h. Tissues subsampled from the inner portion of the original cylinder never exceeded 50 nl g-1 h-1 unless incubated for an additional 24 to 48 h after removal from the original cylinder. In contrast to ethylene production, ACC increased throughout all tissues in the original cylinder during the initial 48 h incubation. Wound induced increases in ACC were unaffected by inhibiting endogenous ethylene production with cobalt. The temporal and spatial patterns of wound induced ethylene production in preclimacteric muskmelon fruits are apparently determined by changes in the tissue's ability to convert ACC to ethylene rather than the presence of ACC. C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP DUNLAP, JR (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,2415 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN24 8HH SN 0022-1589 J9 J HORTIC SCI JI J. Horticult. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 69 IS 1 BP 189 EP 195 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MQ602 UT WOS:A1994MQ60200025 ER PT J AU CLAUSEN, CA AF CLAUSEN, CA TI DYED PARTICLE CAPTURE IMMUNOASSAY FOR DETECTION OF INCIPIENT BROWN-ROT DECAY SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOASSAY LA English DT Article DE DYED PARTICLE CAPTURE IMMUNOASSAY; POSTIA PLACENTA; INCIPIENT DECAY; BROWN-ROT FUNGI ID POSTIA-PLACENTA; ASSAY; WOOD; PINE AB An immunological method for detecting incipient fungal decay in wood is described. Monoclonal antibody to extracellular beta-1,4-xylanase of the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta was immobilized in a defined capture zone to a strip of hydrophobic polyester cloth. Polyclonal-labeled latex particles were applied near one end of the polyester assay substrate. The resulting test strip was dipped into extracts from wood blocks inoculated with various wood decay fungi. Extracts flowed laterally through the antibody-labeled latex particles and the capture zone. When antigen was present in the extract, the antigen was complexed by the monoclonal and labeled-polyclonal antibodies to form an observable particle complex in the zone of capture. Wood samples were tested at various stages of decay and correlated with wood weight loss. Incipient brown-rot decay was detected with the particle capture immunoassay at less than 2 percent wood weight loss. RP CLAUSEN, CA (reprint author), USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,US FOREST SERV,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0197-1522 J9 J IMMUNOASSAY JI J. Immunoass. PY 1994 VL 15 IS 3 BP 305 EP 316 DI 10.1080/15321819408009580 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medical Laboratory Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medical Laboratory Technology GA NW920 UT WOS:A1994NW92000007 PM 7929854 ER PT J AU SIVINSKI, JM EPSKY, N HEATH, RR AF SIVINSKI, JM EPSKY, N HEATH, RR TI PHEROMONE DEPOSITION ON LEAF TERRITORIES BY MALE CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLIES, ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA (LOEW) (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE TEPHRITIDAE; FRUIT FLY; ANASTREPHA; PHEROMONE; TERRITORY; LEK AB Male Caribbean fruitflies apply everted anal membranes associated with pheromone glands to the substrate while on leaf territories. There is a peak in abdominal dipping at the onset of the photoperiod, followed by a decline and then a more extensive period of activity in the second half of the photoperiod. During peak signaling periods, most males had a distinct set of lateral abdominal pheromone glands protruded for most of the time. However, the frequency of anal pheromone gland dipping varied considerably over time. Episodes of wing fanning (which may disperse pheromones) and abdomen dipping coincide during a male's tenure on a host leaf Host-plant leaves were contained for 48 h with signaling males or immature females or kept without insects. Several, though not all, of the constituents of the pheromone were found on leaves within 1 h of removing signaling males. None of these compounds occurred on either type of control leaf. Mature virgin female flies were more likely to be found in contact with host leaves that had been previously exposed for 48 h to the activities of sexually mature males than with unexposed control leaves. There was no difference in the reaction of mature virgin female Pies to unexposed control leaves or leaves previously exposed to the activities of other sexually immature female or male flies for 48 h. Presumably, the deposition of pheromones by mature males accounts for the difference in reactions. RP SIVINSKI, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 7 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1007/BF01989826 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MU534 UT WOS:A1994MU53400004 ER PT J AU WHITE, SE FUKUDA, T UNDEEN, AH AF WHITE, SE FUKUDA, T UNDEEN, AH TI HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION OF AMBLYOSPORA-OPACITA (MICROSPORA, AMBLYOSPORIDAE) BETWEEN THE MOSQUITO, CULEX-TERRITANS, AND THE COPEPOD, PARACYCLOPS-FIMBRIATUS CHILTONI SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AMBLYOSPORA OPACITA; CULEX TERRITANS; PARACYCLOPS FIMBRIATUS; MICROSPORIDIA; COPEPOD HOSTS ID HOST SPECIFICITY; AEDES-CANTATOR; SP-NOV; CULICIDAE; ANNULIROSTRIS; INTERMEDIATE; PATHOGENS; PARASITE; DIPTERA RP WHITE, SE (reprint author), US ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 63 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1006/jipa.1994.1004 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA MQ693 UT WOS:A1994MQ69300004 ER PT J AU SAWYER, AJ GRIGGS, MH WAYNE, R AF SAWYER, AJ GRIGGS, MH WAYNE, R TI DIMENSIONS, DENSITY, AND SETTLING VELOCITY OF ENTOMOPHTHORALEAN CONIDIA - IMPLICATIONS FOR AERIAL DISSEMINATION OF SPORES SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ZYGOMYCETES, ENTOMOPHTHORALES; ZOOPHTHORA RADICANS; CONIDIOBOLUS THROMBOIDES; CONIDIOBOLUS OBSCURUS; FUNGAL PATHOGEN; CONIDIUM; SPORE; DISPERSAL ID BARLEY CROP; DISPERSAL; SPREAD; ERYNIA; DEPOSITION; FRAMEWORK; PATHOGENS; DISEASE; FOREST; POLLEN C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,PLANT BIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP SAWYER, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT PROTECT RES UNIT,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 57 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 63 IS 1 BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.1006/jipa.1994.1008 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA MQ693 UT WOS:A1994MQ69300008 ER PT J AU STONE, JJ HAWKINS, RH SHIRLEY, ED AF STONE, JJ HAWKINS, RH SHIRLEY, ED TI APPROXIMATE FORM OF GREEN-AMPT INFILTRATION EQUATION SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB We develop an approximation of the Green-Ampt infiltration equation by using the first two terms of a Taylor-series expansion of the equation. The resulting approximate equation is in the form of the Philip's equation, with an added term to account for the error in the approximation. The Taylor-series approximation is compared with Li et al.'s 1976 quadratic approximation for the case of constant rainfall with variable time to ponding. The maximum error for the new approximation is about 3.5%; and the maximum error for the quadratic approximation is about 8%. For a range of values of the ratio of infiltrated depth to capillary potential of 0.1 to 150 the approximation of the Taylor series fits the Green-Ampt infiltrated depth more closely than the quadratic approximation. It is shown that the approximation of the Taylor series gives less error than the quadratic approximation for coarser textured soils. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP STONE, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SWRC,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 120 IS 1 BP 128 EP 137 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1994)120:1(128) PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA MT460 UT WOS:A1994MT46000012 ER PT J AU HJELMFELT, A WANG, M AF HJELMFELT, A WANG, M TI GENERAL STOCHASTIC UNIT-HYDROGRAPH SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Unit hydrographs for a gaged site can be determined from observed events. If several events are used for the derivation, several unit hydrographs result. An averaging procedure must be used to achieve a single representative unit hydrograph. The variability is due to inherent uncertainty in the rainfall processes and to inadequacies in the basic model. It is appropriate to consider the unit hydrograph itself a random function. This paper develops a stochastic expression for the instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) based upon the Nash cascade. This conceptual model holds the number of reservoirs constant, while treating the reservoir constant as a random variable. Records of 24 storm events, observed on a 12.2-km2 watershed located in north central Missouri, were studied. The results of the study indicate that the stochastic model can be used to estimate the hydrograph. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP HJELMFELT, A (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,AGR ENGR BLDG,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 120 IS 1 BP 138 EP 148 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1994)120:1(138) PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA MT460 UT WOS:A1994MT46000013 ER PT J AU TARRANT, MA MANFREDO, MJ DRIVER, BL AF TARRANT, MA MANFREDO, MJ DRIVER, BL TI RECOLLECTIONS OF OUTDOOR RECREATION EXPERIENCES - A PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SO JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; OUTDOOR RECREATION; RECOLLECTION; RECREATION BENEFITS ID HEALTH COMPLAINTS; NEGATIVE AFFECT; IMAGERY; STRESS AB A laboratory experiment to examine psychophysiological responses associated with the recollections of outdoor recreation experiences was conducted. Forty-four subjects (41% female, mean age of total sample = 25.2 years) recalled an active and passive outdoor recreation experience and a negative stressful (exam) experience. Recollections were compared on physiological responses (heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and skin conductance) and psychological responses (negative and positive affect) using a repeated measures design. Overall, physiological activation was greatest for exam and active recollections, positive mood was highest for active recollections, and negative mood was lowest for passive recollections. Results were interpreted within the framework of arousal theory. Implications for theoretical, applied and method issues in outdoor recreation research are discussed. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. RP TARRANT, MA (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT RECREAT & LEISURE STUDIES,ROOM 229,HARDMAN HALL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 59 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RECREATION PARK ASSN PI ARLINGTON PA 2775 S. QUINCY STREET SUITE 300, ARLINGTON, VA 22206-2204 SN 0022-2216 J9 J LEISURE RES JI J. Leis. Res. PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 357 EP 371 PG 15 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA PY250 UT WOS:A1994PY25000004 ER PT J AU WATSON, AE NICCOLUCCI, MJ WILLIAMS, DR AF WATSON, AE NICCOLUCCI, MJ WILLIAMS, DR TI THE NATURE OF CONFLICT BETWEEN HIKERS AND RECREATIONAL STOCK USERS IN THE JOHN-MUIR-WILDERNESS SO JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HORSES; DEFINITION OF PLACE; SPECIALIZATION; FOCUS OF TRIP; LIFE-STYLE TOLERANCE AB The purpose of this research was to determine the extent of conflict between hikers and recreational stock users in a Sierra Nevada wilderness and to test the relative importance of various hypothetical predictors of conflict using multiple conflict measures. A survey of hikers and recreational stock users of the John Muir Wilderness in California revealed the ability to predict expression of conflict was high using measures of definition of place, specialization, focus of trip/expectations, and lifestyle tolerance. The strongest relationship, however, was between hypothesized determinants and attitudes hikers maintain toward encountering stock groups, rather than between hypothesized determinants and a goal interference measure of conflict. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT LEISURE STUDIES,URBANA,IL 61801. US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MISSOULA,MT. RP WATSON, AE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ALDO LEOPOLD WILDERNESS RES INST,790 E BECKWITH,POB 8089,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. RI Williams, Daniel/D-8114-2011 OI Williams, Daniel/0000-0003-2428-0345 NR 27 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RECREATION PARK ASSN PI ARLINGTON PA 2775 S. QUINCY STREET SUITE 300, ARLINGTON, VA 22206-2204 SN 0022-2216 J9 J LEISURE RES JI J. Leis. Res. PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 372 EP 385 PG 14 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA PY250 UT WOS:A1994PY25000005 ER PT J AU MORE, TA AF MORE, TA TI PREPARING FOR THE 21ST-CENTURY - KENNEDY,P SO JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH LA English DT Book Review RP MORE, TA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,BURLINGTON,VT, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RECREATION PARK ASSN PI ARLINGTON PA 2775 S. QUINCY STREET SUITE 300, ARLINGTON, VA 22206-2204 SN 0022-2216 J9 J LEISURE RES JI J. Leis. Res. PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 403 EP 406 PG 4 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA PY250 UT WOS:A1994PY25000008 ER PT J AU ABIDI, SL MOUNTS, TL AF ABIDI, SL MOUNTS, TL TI REVERSED-PHASE RETENTION BEHAVIOR OF FLUORESCENCE-LABELED PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN AMMONIUM ACETATE BUFFERS SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MOLECULAR-SPECIES ANALYSIS; SENSITIVE ANALYSIS; FIELD DESORPTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; DERIVATIVES; LIPIDS AB Subcomponents of fluorescent derivatives of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) were resolved by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with mobile phases containing acetonitrile, methanol, water, and ammonium acetate. fluorescence labeled phospholipids (PL) include N-(rhodamine B sulfonyl)-PE, N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)-PE, N-(5-fluoresceinthiocarbamoyl) (FL)-PE, N-(1-pyrenesulfonyl) -PE, and N-(5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-PE. Among the compounds studied, FL-PE exhibited the highest degree of selectivity for component resolution. The HPLC behavior of the five PE derivatives was examined under variable concentrations of ammonium acetate. Capacity factors of the PL subcomponents increased with increasing concentrations of the acetate buffers. Incorporation of triethylamine into the mobile phase alleviated peak RP ABIDI, SL (reprint author), US ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-3919 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 1 BP 105 EP 122 DI 10.1080/10826079408013438 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA MT285 UT WOS:A1994MT28500007 ER PT J AU BEIER, RC ROWE, LD NASR, MIAEA ELISSALDE, MH STANKER, LH AF BEIER, RC ROWE, LD NASR, MIAEA ELISSALDE, MH STANKER, LH TI EXTRACTION AND HPLC ANALYSIS OF HALOFUGINONE IN CHICKEN SERUM SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB Extraction and HPLC methods are described for the analysis of the anticoccidial quinazolinone drug, halofuginone (Hal), in chicken serum. Serum samples were diluted with acetic acid and Hal was adsorbed onto a Bond Elut(R) C8 column followed by elution and HPLC analysis. Recoveries of Hal from chicken serum spiked with 97 ng/ml Hal after 18 and 48 hours incubation were 97.6 and 96.2%, respectively, and recoveries of a 10 ng/ml spike after 18 and 48 hours incubation were 99.7 and 96.7%, respectively, with a detection limit of 1.5 ng/ml. Hal-HBr fed to chickens at 3 ppm for 10 days resulted in 3.75 ng/ml Hal in the serum. C1 TANTA UNIV,COLL VET,DEPT PHARMACOL,KAFR EL SHEIKH BRANCH,CAIRO,EGYPT. RP BEIER, RC (reprint author), US ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-3919 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 13 BP 2961 EP 2970 DI 10.1080/10826079408013513 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA PD500 UT WOS:A1994PD50000016 ER PT J AU ABIDI, SL MOUNTS, TL RENNICK, KA AF ABIDI, SL MOUNTS, TL RENNICK, KA TI SEPARATIONS OF MAJOR SOYBEAN PHOSPHOLIPIDS ON BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN-BONDED SILICA SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTION; LIPID CLASSES; AMNIOTIC-FLUID; HPLC; QUANTIFICATION; SPHINGOMYELIN; PURIFICATION; HEART AB The four major phospholipids (PL) phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidic acid (PA) found in soybean oil were separated by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on beta-cyclodextrin-bonded silica (CDS) with UV detection. Adequate base-line separations of the PL components were achieved by isocratic elution with mobile phases containing hexane, isopropanol, ethanol and water/tetramethylammonium phosphate (TMAP). The presence of TMAP in the mobile phases was critical to improve component resolution and enhance peak symmetry. Analyte retention and component separations were dramatically influenced by a small change in mobile phase compositions. Under the HPLC conditions employed, the elution order appeared to follow Dhe order of increasing PL polarity with increasing retention times (PE < PC < PI < PA). The HPLC method was used in the qualitative analyses of selected commercial lecithin samples. Potential applicability of the HPLC-W-CDS technique for the quantitative analysis of several crude oil samples derived from genetically modified soybean oil is demonstrated. RP ABIDI, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-3919 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 17 BP 3705 EP 3725 DI 10.1080/10826079408013987 PG 21 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA PP564 UT WOS:A1994PP56400009 ER PT J AU NEFF, WE ADLOF, RO LIST, GR ELAGAIMY, M AF NEFF, WE ADLOF, RO LIST, GR ELAGAIMY, M TI ANALYSES OF VEGETABLE OIL TRIACYLGLYCEROLS BY SILVER ION HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH FLAME IONIZATION DETECTION SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION AB Silver ion high performance liquid chromatography with a commercially available column with a simple isocratic mobile phase of acetonitrile in hexane and flame ionization detection was employed to separate and quantitate triacylglycerol species of vegetable oils. Coconut, palm, cottonseed, olive, safflower, sunflower, corn, pumpkinseed, linseed, soybean, and canola oils were analyzed, as well as randomized corn and soybean oils, and the blends and interesterified products of corn and soybean oil with cottonseed oil stearine. Fractionated triacylglycerol species were identified by gas chromatography of their methyl esters. Triacylglycerol composition was obtained by reversed phase and silver ion high performance liquid chromatography of the same oil. Oil fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography of the transmethylated oil and correlated with that calculated from the triacylglycerol composition by silver ion chromatography of the same oil. The triacylglycerol separation was mostly based on the total unsaturation of the fatty acids attached to the glycerol moiety. However, partial separation of triacylglycerols with the same unsaturation content but different fatty acids indicates that other separation mechanisms, in addition to fatty acid complexation with silver ions, such as adsorption and partition, are involved. The flame ionization response (area percent) was determined to be proportional to weight percent for oil triacylglycerol composition. In addition to analyses of vegetable oils, the efficacy of the silver ion high performance liquid chromatography method with flame ionization detection for analyses of margarine base stocks produced from corn and soybean oils was demonstrated. RP NEFF, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 17 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0148-3919 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 18 BP 3951 EP 3968 DI 10.1080/10826079408016165 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA PT792 UT WOS:A1994PT79200009 ER PT J AU RICHARD, JL DEBEY, MC CHERMETTE, R PIER, AC HASEGAWA, A LUND, A BRATBERG, AM PADHYE, AA CONNOLE, MD AF RICHARD, JL DEBEY, MC CHERMETTE, R PIER, AC HASEGAWA, A LUND, A BRATBERG, AM PADHYE, AA CONNOLE, MD TI ADVANCES IN VETERINARY MYCOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XII Congress of the International-Society-for-Human-and-Animal-Mycology (ISHAM) CY MAR 13-18, 1994 CL ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA ID FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; MICROSPORUM-CANIS; TURKEY POULTS; 2 CATS; DERMATOPHYTOSIS; GLIOTOXIN; CELLS; INFECTION; INVITRO C1 NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA. ECOLE NATL VET,F-94704 MAISONS ALFORT,FRANCE. UNIV WYOMING,DEPT VET SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071. UNIV TOKYO,DEPT VET INTERNAL MED,TOKYO,JAPAN. CENT VET LAB,OSLO,NORWAY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. ANIM RES INST,YEERONGPILLY,QLD,AUSTRALIA. RP RICHARD, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 94 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-1218 J9 J MED VET MYCOL JI J. Med. Vet. Mycol. PY 1994 VL 32 SU 1 BP 169 EP 187 PG 19 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA QB967 UT WOS:A1994QB96700015 PM 7536838 ER PT J AU FRYAUFF, DJ SHOUKRY, MA SCHRECK, CE AF FRYAUFF, DJ SHOUKRY, MA SCHRECK, CE TI STIMULATION OF ATTACHMENT IN A CAMEL TICK, HYALOMMA-DROMEDARII (ACARI, IXODIDAE) - THE UNINTENDED RESULT OF SUBLETHAL EXPOSURE TO PERMETHRIN-IMPREGNATED FABRIC SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HYALOMMA-DROMEDARII; PERMETHRIN; ATTACHMENT STIMULUS ID LONE STAR TICK; PERSONAL PROTECTION; CLOTHING TREATMENT; PRESSURIZED SPRAYS; TROMBICULIDAE; PYRETHROIDS; REPELLENT; ARGASIDAE; DEET AB The susceptibility of a camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii (Koch), to permethrin-impregnated military uniform fabric was studied to determine the effects of laundering and contact time. Separate contact toxicity tests were conducted with laboratory-colonized male and female ticks of uniform age. Unfed, unmated ticks were exposed for periods of 5, 10, 30, and 60 min to each of five fabrics: unwashed-untreated, unwashed-treated, and 1, 2, or 3 times washed after treatment (1-, 2-, 3-wash-treated). Treated fabric was impregnated with permethrin at 0.125 mg (AI)/cm2. Laundering was by machine washing with detergent followed by hot air machine drying. Intoxication immediately after exposure was assessed by activity response: the proportion of ticks attaching to a host (rabbit) within 60 min and the average time elapsed between contact and insertion of mouthparts. Unexpectedly, permethrin exposure activated an attachment response in both sexes. At all contact times, and in each wash-treated group, a greater proportion of ticks attached, and did so more rapidly, than in controls. Mortality assessment 24 h after exposure showed that females were more tolerant than males and experienced light mortality even after 60 min of contact. Both natural and acquired factors may account for permethrin tolerance in this species. Consistent with pyrethroid mode of action and pheromone function in ticks, it is hypothesized that sublethal levels of permethrin may act on H. dromedarii to induce premature or excess release of a neurosecretory substance that elicits attachment. C1 AIN SHAMS UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,CAIRO,EGYPT. USDA ARS,RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP FRYAUFF, DJ (reprint author), USN,MED RES UNIT 3,MED ZOOL & EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,PSC 452,FPO,AE 09835, USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 31 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA MP536 UT WOS:A1994MP53600004 PM 8158625 ER PT J AU NELSON, S FORBUS, W LAWRENCE, K AF NELSON, S FORBUS, W LAWRENCE, K TI PERMITTIVITIES OF FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES AT 0.2 TO 20 GHZ SO JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE POWER AND ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY LA English DT Article DE FRUITS; VEGETABLES; MICROWAVE PERMITTIVITY; DIELECTRIC CONSTANT; LOSS FACTOR AB Permittivities, moisture contents, tissue densities, and total soluble solids data were determined for samples of twenty-three kinds of fresh fruits and vegetables at 23-degrees-C. Permittivities were measured at 41 frequencies between 200 MHz and 20 GHz with an open-ended coaxial-line probe and a microwave network analyzer. Results of the permittivity measurements are presented graphically, and dielectric constant and loss factor values at six frequencies across the range are tabulated along with sample descriptions and moisture, density, and total soluble solids data. Although specific values differ, the dielectric constant decreases steadily with increasing frequency, dropping more rapidly at frequencies above 5 GHz. Values for the loss factor decrease as frequency increases above 200 MHz to a broad minimum in the 1- to 3-GHz region and then increase again as the frequency approaches 20 GHz. The dielectric behavior of the fruit and vegetable tissues appears to be influenced by ionic conductivity and bound water relaxations at the lower frequencies and by free water relaxation at the higher end of the frequency range. RP NELSON, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 0 TC 52 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT MICROWAVE POWER INST PI MANASSAS PA 10210 LEATHERLEAF COURT, MANASSAS, VA 22111 SN 0832-7823 J9 J MICROWAVE POWER EE JI J. Microw. Power Electromagn. Energy PY 1994 VL 29 IS 2 BP 81 EP 93 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA PB437 UT WOS:A1994PB43700004 PM 8083786 ER PT J AU FREDSTROM, SB LAMPE, JW JUNG, HJG SLAVIN, JL AF FREDSTROM, SB LAMPE, JW JUNG, HJG SLAVIN, JL TI APPARENT FIBER DIGESTIBILITY AND FECAL SHORT-CHAIN FATTY-ACID CONCENTRATIONS WITH INGESTION OF 2 TYPES OF DIETARY FIBER SO JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; HUMAN LARGE-INTESTINE; BREATH-HYDROGEN; RAT COLON; FERMENTATION; ENERGY; CEREAL; INVITRO; TRANSIT; CANCER AB Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are products of dietary fiber fermentation. As such, fiber digestibility is thought to be related to SCFA production. The effects of two concentrations of cereal fiber as wheat, bran (WB) and vegetable fiber (VF) on fiber digestibility were examined in 34 free-living volunteers. Five diets consisting of a fiber-free liquid mutation supplement and quick breads containing either (1) 0 g of fiber, (2) 10 g of WB, (3) 30 g of WB, (4) 10 g of VF, or (5) 30 g of VF were consumed in random order. Apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was determined. Colonic fluid, collected by in vivo dialysis in 9 subjects, was analyzed for SCFAs by gas chromatography. Digestibility of NDF was greater with WB than with VF ingestion in those 9 subjects, but digestibility was not different with ingestion of both fibers when all 34 subjects were considered. No effect of intake level was seen with either WB or VF. Fiber ingestion increased acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations above those on the 0 g of fiber diet (43%, 31%, and 90%, respectively; p < .0001). Propionate and butyrate concentrations were greater on WB than VF (p < .01); acetate concentrations were similar with both fibers. No correlation between NDF digestibility and SCFA concentrations was observed. Despite differences in origin, chemistry, particle size, and subject transit time, the WB and VF were similar in NDF fermentability. Molar ratios of specific SCFAs were influenced by type of fiber ingested. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA, DEPT FOOD SCI & NUTR, 1334 ECKLES AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, SCH MED, DEPT MED, DIV GASTROENTEROL HEPATOL & NUTR, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, USDA ARS, PLANT RES SERV, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA46618] NR 41 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0148-6071 EI 1941-2444 J9 JPEN-PARENTER ENTER JI J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 18 IS 1 BP 14 EP 19 DI 10.1177/014860719401800114 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MR804 UT WOS:A1994MR80400004 PM 8164297 ER PT J AU ABRAMS, SA YERGEY, AL SCHANLER, RJ VIEIRA, NE WELCH, TR AF ABRAMS, SA YERGEY, AL SCHANLER, RJ VIEIRA, NE WELCH, TR TI HYPERCALCIURIA IN PREMATURE-INFANTS RECEIVING HIGH MINERAL-CONTAINING DIETS SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM ABSORPTION; URINARY CALCIUM; PREMATURE INFANTS; MINERAL BALANCE ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; URINARY CALCIUM EXCRETION; HUMAN-MILK; MOTHERS MILK; NUTRITIONAL BALANCE; FORMULA; PHOSPHORUS; SUPPLEMENTATION; ABSORPTION; RETENTION AB We evaluated urinary calcium excretion in 21 premature infants fed either a formula containing high concentrations of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) or human milk fortified with a commercially available human milk fortifier. Dual-tracer stable-isotope Ca absorption studies were performed on all infants. Urinary Ca excretion was not significantly related to Ca or P intake or true Ca absorption. The recovery of the orally administered tracer in the urine was used to evaluate the source of calciuria in study subjects. In almost all subjects, tissue derived (V-bu), rather than diet-derived (V-ou), Ca was the principal source of urinary Ca. Hypercalciuric subjects demonstrated greater V-bu and V-ou than nonhypercalciuric subjects. Our data demonstrate that moderate hypercalciuria is common in premature infants whose diets are high in mineral content and that hypercalciuria is not related to inadequate mineral intake or Ca absorption but is related, instead, to losses of both tissue and dietary Ca. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX. NICHHD,THEORET & PHYS BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV CINCINNATI,COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CINCINNATI,OH. RP ABRAMS, SA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-01188] NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 18 IS 1 BP 20 EP 24 DI 10.1097/00005176-199401000-00003 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA MP534 UT WOS:A1994MP53400003 PM 8126613 ER PT J AU WELLS, JM VANDERZWET, T HALE, CN AF WELLS, JM VANDERZWET, T HALE, CN TI DIFFERENTIATION OF ERWINIA SPECIES IN THE AMYLOVORA GROUP BY CLASS ANALYSIS OF CELLULAR FATTY-ACIDS SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article AB Cellular fatty acids of Erwinia species in the Amylovora group (E. amylovora, E. nigrifluens, E. quercina, E. rubrifaciens, E. salicis and E. tracheiphila), grown on King's medium B agar for 1, 3, and 6 days at 28-degrees-C, were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography, grouped by chemical class, and compared in order to differentiate the species. For the group in general, the average percentage in 1-day-old cells ranged 36.4-41.5% for the saturated straight-chain even-carbon fatty acids (Class A), 0.3-0.7% for saturated straight-chain odd-carbons (Class B), 43.4-53.3% for unsaturated acids (Class C), 4.5-7.1% for hydroxy-substituted acids (Class D), 0.2-2.0% for branched-chain acids (Class E), and 0-7.5% for cyclopropane fatty acids (Class F). Species could be differentiated in 4 sequential steps based on: 1) percentage of the 12 : 0 fatty acid (E. amylovora > 3.6%, E. quercina < 1%); 2) sum of Classes E + F (E. tracheiphila < 0.3%); 3) ratio Class A/(E + F) (E. salicis < 8); and percentage of 18 : 1 (E. rubrifaciens > 14%, E. nigrifluens < 14%). Physiological age significantly affected relative percentages of Classes B, C and F in E. amylovora and E. salicis; of Classes A, C and F in E. quercina; of Class A in E. tracheiphila; and of Class C in E. nigrifluens. RP WELLS, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 140 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1994.tb00173.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NF252 UT WOS:A1994NF25200004 ER PT J AU WELLS, JM VANDERZWET, T BUTTERFIELD, JE AF WELLS, JM VANDERZWET, T BUTTERFIELD, JE TI DIFFERENTIATION OF ERWINIA SPECIES IN THE HERBICOLA GROUP BY CLASS ANALYSIS OF CELLULAR FATTY-ACIDS SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID CAROTOVORA; ANANAS AB Profiles of cellular fatty acids of Erwinia herbicola, E. ananas, E. stewartii and E. uredovora, comprising the Herbicola group in the genus Erwinia, contained 7 major components accounting for 90-95% of total fatty acids, and 30 minor components, each less than 1% of the total. The major components and their average percentage ranges in cells on King's medium B at 28-degrees-C for 1 day were: 12 : 0 (3.5-4.5%), 14 : 0 (3.6-4.3%), 16 : 0 (28.1-35.7%), 16 : 1 (17.5-24.2%), 18 : 1 (13.9-31.9%), 3-OH 14 : 0 (4.6-7.2%) and cyclopropane 17 : 0 (trace levels in E. stewartii, 5.0-6.7% in other species). Fatty acid composition changed as a function of physiological age of the cells. The regression coefficient (b) as a function of age for percentage of saturated even- and odd-carbon, straight-chain fatty acids (Classes A and B) was either negative or not significant for E. ananas and positive for the other species. A series of dichotomous steps was constructed based on fatty acid algorithms to differentiate all four species. RP WELLS, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 140 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1994.tb00174.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NF252 UT WOS:A1994NF25200005 ER PT J AU HEITHOLT, JJ AF HEITHOLT, JJ TI EFFECTS OF FOLIAR UREA-NITROGEN AND TRIAZONE-NITROGEN, WITH AND WITHOUT BORON, ON COTTON SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE GROWTH; CULTIVARS; OBSOLETE; YIELD AB Optimal lint yield in recently released high-yielding upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars requires careful nutrient management. It is not known whether these cultivars are capable of responding to foliar nitrogen (N) and boron (B) fertilizer when conventional soil fertility practices are used. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the responses of a high-yielding cotton cultivar to foliar N and B fertilizer and (ii) to compare two N sources when applied to foliage of cotton. A two-year field study was conducted with a factorial arrangement of three N treatments and two B treatments. Plants received foliar applications of the surfactant Tween 20 in H2O (check), or one of the following treatments plus surfactant: B (as H3BO3), triazone-N (24% of N as S-tetrahydrotriazone), triazone-N plus B, urea-N, or urea-N plus B. Leaf blade mineral element composition, lint yield, and fiber properties were determined. Averaged across years, lint yields were significantly higher in the check, both urea treatments, and the triazone plus B treatment than in the B only treatment. Foliar applications of either triazone-N or urea-N increased leaf blade N concentration but did not affect leaf blade B concentration. Foliar applications of B increased leaf blade B concentration but did not affect leaf blade N concentration. There were no N x B interactions on leaf blade N, leaf blade B, or on most fiber properties. For almost all variables, the effect of triazone-N was similar to that of urea-N. The results of this study suggested that augmenting standard cotton N and B fertility with foliar sprays was likely to increase leaf blade N and B concentrations but was unlikely to significantly effect yield or fiber properties. RP HEITHOLT, JJ (reprint author), US ARS,POB 345,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 1 BP 57 EP 70 DI 10.1080/01904169409364709 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MU997 UT WOS:A1994MU99700004 ER PT J AU GRIFFITH, SM STREETER, DJ AF GRIFFITH, SM STREETER, DJ TI NITRATE AND AMMONIUM NUTRITION IN RYEGRASS - CHANGES IN GROWTH AND CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION UNDER HYDROPONIC CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SPRING WHEAT RESPONSE; LOLIUM-MULTIFLORUM; ROOT TEMPERATURE; NITROGEN; PERENNE AB Nitrogen (N) is one of the most critical elements affecting grass seed yield. In soil and cropping conditions of Western Oregon, ammonium-N may play an important role in the growth and development of ryegrass grown for seed. Our objectives were to determine the physiological and biochemical effects of ammonium and nitrate nutrition on ryegrass vegetative growth and subsequent expression of floral tillers, and changes in plant reduced-N and carbohydrate composition. Plants were grown in hydroponics (active pa-controlled) and fed nitrate and ammonium alone or in combination at 10 mM total N. The experiment was terminated at anthesis, which occurred at 68 days after planting (DAP). Changes in plant tiller number, height, dry weight, reduced-N, and water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) were recorded. Vegetative growth rate of plants receiving lower ratios of nitrate/ammonium was up to twice those receiving total nitrate or 75/25 nitrate/ammonium. Total primary tiller number at 68 DAP (anthesis) was 30% greater in plants receiving 25/75 and 0/100 nitrate/ammonium. Floral tiller number increased up to 55% with increasing ammonium-N to nitrate-N, while vegetative tiller number was not significantly affected. Partitioning of dry matter, WSC, and reduced-N among vegetative and repro- ductive organs differed among N treatments. Data indicated that differences in plant growth and development resulted from greater N use efficiency from mixtures of ammonium and nitrate nutrition. Data support previous reports of ryegrass preference for ammonium nutrition over nitrate. RP GRIFFITH, SM (reprint author), US ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 1 BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.1080/01904169409364710 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MU997 UT WOS:A1994MU99700005 ER PT J AU TU, SI BRAUER, D HSU, I AF TU, SI BRAUER, D HSU, I TI DIFFERENTIAL-EFFECTS OF POLYLYSINE ON NADH-LINKED ELECTRON-TRANSFER IN CORN ROOT PLASMA-MEMBRANE VESICLES SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID INSIDE-OUT; TRANSPORT; PURIFICATION AB The effects of polylysine on the electron transfer from NADH to cytochrome ($) under bar c and ferricyanide in corn root plasma membrane vesicles were investigated. The presence of polylysine decreased the reduction rate of cytochrome ($) under bar c but slightly stimulated the rate of ferricyanide reduction in a pH 7.5 medium of low ionic strength. An increase in ionic strength eliminated the effects of polylysine on ferricyanide reduction but not the inhibition of cytochrome ($) under bar c reduction. Kinetic analyses indicated that in high ionic strength medium, polylysine inhibition appeared to assume a competitive model suggesting its binding to cytochrome ($) under bar c reduction site. In low ionic strength medium, a complex inhibition was observed. A study on the inhibitory efficiency of different size polylysines suggested that the reduction site of cytochrome ($) under bar c may best fit a polylysine with molecular weight close to 25,000. The results support the notion that the electron transfer from NADH to these two accepters may involve two separated enzymes or two different sites along an electron transfer chain in the plasma membrane. RP TU, SI (reprint author), NAA, USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 1 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.1080/01904169409364712 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MU997 UT WOS:A1994MU99700007 ER PT J AU YANG, X ROMHELD, V MARSCHNER, H AF YANG, X ROMHELD, V MARSCHNER, H TI UPTAKE OF IRON, ZINC, MANGANESE, AND COPPER BY SEEDLINGS OF HYBRID AND TRADITIONAL RICE CULTIVARS FROM DIFFERENT SOIL TYPES SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ROOTS AB In pot experiments, uptake of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) by hybrid rice from different soil types was compared with a traditional rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar. The concentration and total uptake of Fe in the shoots of hybrid rice grown in Oxisol and Ultisol were lower than those of the traditional cultivar. The concentration and total uptake of Zn in the shoots of hybrid rice grown in the Inceptisol (calcareous) were significantly higher than those of the traditional cultivar. Higher ratios of Zn and Fe in upper leaves (UL) to the lower leaves (LL) were found in hybrid rice grown in the calcareous Zn-deficiency soil. The results indicated that hybrid rice root avoided absorbing excess Fe from Fe-toxic soils due to its higher oxidizing power, and was more efficient in absorbing Zn from calcareous Zn-deficient soils than the traditional cultivar. RP YANG, X (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,POB 867,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 2-3 BP 319 EP 331 DI 10.1080/01904169409364730 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NB212 UT WOS:A1994NB21200008 ER PT J AU FOY, CD PETERSON, CJ AF FOY, CD PETERSON, CJ TI ACID SOIL TOLERANCES OF WHEAT LINES SELECTED FOR HIGH GRAIN PROTEIN-CONTENT SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; NITRATE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; SPRING WHEAT; GERMPLASM; CULTIVARS; NITROGEN; SUBSOIL; PH AB Literature suggests that nitrogen (N) metabolism is involved in differential acid soil (Al) tolerances among wheat (Triticum aestivum L. en Thell) genotypes. Atlas 66 wheat is characterized by acid soil and aluminum (Al) tolerance, nitrate (NO3(-)) preference, pH increase of the rhizosphere, high nitrate reductase activity, and high protein in the grain. Atlas 66 has been used as a high protein gene donor in the development of new high protein wheat lines at Lincoln, NE. The objective of our study was to determine the acid soil tolerances of such lines and to relate such tolerances to their abilities to accumulate grain protein when grown on near-neutral, non-toxic soils. Twenty-five experimental lines, nine cultivars not previously classified as Al-tolerant or -sensitive and three cultivars previously classified according to acid soil tolerance, were grown for 28 days in greenhouse pots of acid, Al-toxic Tatum subsoil. Relative shoot dry weight (pH 4.35/pH 5.41%) varied from 83.2% for Atlas 66 to 19.3% for Siouxland. Atlas 66 was significantly more tolerant to the acid soil than all other entries except Edwall. Yecorro Roja and Cardinal were intermediate in tolerance. None of the high protein lines approached Atlas 66 in tolerance, but two lines (N87U106 and N87U123) were comparable to Cardinal (relative shoot yield = 54%) which is used on acid soils in Ohio. At pH 4.35, the most acid soil tolerant entries contained significantly lower Al and significantly higher potassium (K) concentrations in their shoots than did sensitive entries. Shoots of acid soil sensitive entries, Scout 66, Siouxland, Plainsman V, and Anza contained deficient or near deficient concentrations of K when grown at pH 4.35. Acid soil tolerance was not closely related to calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn), or iron (Fe) concentrations at pH 4.35. Liming the soil to pH 5.41 tended to equalize Al and K concentrations in shoots of tolerant and sensitive entries. Results indicated that acid soil tolerance and grain protein concentrations were not strongly linked in the wheat populations studied. Hence, the probability of increasing acid soil tolerance by crossing Atlas 66 with Nebraskan wheat germplasm is low. However, the moderate level of acid soil tolerance in N87U106 and N87U123 (comparable to that of Cardinal) may be useful in further studies. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,NPA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP FOY, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST NAT RESOURCES,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 2-3 BP 377 EP 400 DI 10.1080/01904169409364734 PG 24 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NB212 UT WOS:A1994NB21200012 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, TA JACKSON, PR XIA, ZL AF CAMPBELL, TA JACKSON, PR XIA, ZL TI EFFECTS OF ALUMINUM STRESS ON ALFALFA ROOT PROTEINS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CULTIVARS; TOLERANCE; TOXICITY; ACID; SUBSOIL; GROWTH; PLANTS; PH AB An estimated 40% of arable soils worldwide contain phytotoxic levels of aluminum (Al). Recent evidence indicates that Al-stress-induced low molecular weight proteins may bind Al in Al-tolerant plants. The objective of this study was to investigate protein patterns in young roots of two Al-sensitive and two Al-tolerant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) clones grown at 0 and 111 mu mol Al in pH 4.5 nutrient solution. Based on SDS-PAGE of supernatant, Al stress resulted in an increase in detectable root proteins in all clones and results are consistent with results reported for other plant species. A proliferation of new low-molecular-weight proteins in the tolerant clones could be related to Al tolerance. One protein (18.7 kD) was produced in both tolerant clones yet not detected in the sensitive clones. Protein levels were more often reduced than enhanced under Al stress and reduction was more prevalent in sensitive than in tolerant clones. Aluminum stress may initiate the production of some of the same proteins in alfalfa and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Thell.). General stress proteins could be produced in reaction to a variety of chemical, environmental, and pathological stresses. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP CAMPBELL, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 2-3 BP 461 EP 471 DI 10.1080/01904169409364740 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NB212 UT WOS:A1994NB21200018 ER PT J AU HAN, ZH SHEN, T KORCAK, RF BALIGAR, VC AF HAN, ZH SHEN, T KORCAK, RF BALIGAR, VC TI SCREENING FOR IRON-EFFICIENT SPECIES IN THE GENUS MALUS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article AB Solution, sand, and soil cultures were used to evaluate plant growth responses of four Malus species, screened from preliminary tests involving 40 species and ecotypes at varying iron (Fe) or bicarbonate (HCO3) concentrations in order to identify Fe-efficient species. Sand and solution cultures were used for examining a range of added Fe concentrations and soil cultures were used to examine the effect of added HCO3 levels on Fe-chlorosis development. Results indicated that in solution and sand culture, symptoms of Fe deficiency for Malus xiaojinensis (Cheng et Jiang) were observed only at 0 mu M Fe concentration, for M. micromalus (Makino) at 10 mu M Fe, and for M. transitoria (Batal.) and M. baccata (L.) at 20 mu M Fe. Results from soil culture indicated that only M. baccata exhibited Fe-deficiency symptoms at 1,000 mu g HCO3. The highest rate of photosynthesis was observed in M. xiaojinensis regardless of Fe or HCO3 concentration or culture medium. As Fe decreased or HCO3 increased in the media, the photosynthesis rate of M. baccata and M. transitoria decreased significantly. Transpiration rate of the four species tested showed the same trend as their photosynthesis rates at different Fe or HCO3 concentrations. The results indicate that of the four species investigated, only M. xiaojinensis appears to be Fe-efficient. Additionally, during the course of these studies it was observed that M. xiaojinensis was resistant to mildew [(Podosphaera leucotricha) (E1I. et Everk.) Salm.]. C1 USDA ARS,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. RP HAN, ZH (reprint author), BEIJING AGR UNIV,DEPT HORT,BEIJING 100094,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 4 BP 579 EP 592 DI 10.1080/01904169409364751 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NG749 UT WOS:A1994NG74900004 ER PT J AU BRAUER, D AF BRAUER, D TI POTASSIUM INHIBITION OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM ACCUMULATION IN ROOTS OF INTACT MAIZE SEEDLINGS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article AB The effects of solution potassium (K) on the accumulation of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) in roots was assessed with 7-day-old corn (Zea mays L.) seedlings. Root accumulation of Ca and Mg was studied in replacement type experiments, i.e. the ratio of Ca to Mg was altered but the concentration of Ca plus Mg was kept constant at 2 mM. Concentrations of Ca in the tissue after 12 h exceeded that of Mg, except when Mg comprised over 85% of the divalent cations in the uptake solution. The addition of 0.1 mM K to the llptake solutions significantly altered the accumulation of Ca and Mg. The concentration of Mg was affected more than that of Ca. The relative effects of solution K on Mg and Ca accumulation in roots could be explained by comparing the relative acid-base characteristics of the metals. RP BRAUER, D (reprint author), US ARS,ERRC,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 5 BP 709 EP 716 DI 10.1080/01904169409364761 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NJ125 UT WOS:A1994NJ12500002 ER PT J AU SALAMA, AM SINCLAIR, TR AF SALAMA, AM SINCLAIR, TR TI SOYBEAN NITROGEN-FIXATION AND GROWTH AS AFFECTED BY DROUGHT STRESS AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID GRAIN LEGUMES; IRRIGATION GRADIENT; BRAXTON SOYBEANS; YIELD COMPONENTS; SOIL; ACCUMULATION; WATER; PLANT; SENSITIVITY; PHOSPHORUS AB Several studies have identified drought stress as having particularly deleterious effects on symbiotic nitrogen fixation activity in soybean. Potassium is important in the growth of soybean and an important ion in the physiology of plant water relations. Therefore, this study was undertaken to examine the interactive effects of various levels of potassium and water in the soil on the nitrogen fixation activity of soybean. The experiment was done under greenhouse conditions to provide the plants with well-defined levels of potassium and to control the soil water availability. No difference in vegetative growth or acetylene reductions rates was detected among the potassium treatments. However, seed yield showed an optimum for the middle potassium treatment (50 mg K2O/kg soil) and the total accumulated nitrogen was lowest for the highest potassium treatment. As expected, dramatic differences as a result of the drought treatments were detected in nitrogen fixation rates and plant growth. Overall, there was little effect of potassium treatment on the nitrogen fixation activity of soybean under drought. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,AGRON PHYSIOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP SALAMA, AM (reprint author), MANSOURA UNIV,FAC AGR,DEPT AGRON,MANSOURA,EGYPT. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1193 EP 1203 DI 10.1080/01904169409364798 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NU636 UT WOS:A1994NU63600009 ER PT J AU SHU, ZH WU, WYJ OBERLY, GH CARY, EE AF SHU, ZH WU, WYJ OBERLY, GH CARY, EE TI PERMEABILITY OF PEACH LEAF CUTICLES TO BORON SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PENETRATION; TOXICITY AB Isolated leaf cuticles and intact plants of one-year-old potted 'Red Haven' trees grown in the greenhouse were used to study the permeability of leaf cuticles to boron (B). The isolated leaf cuticles were prepared enzymatically. Flux was determined using a transport cell. Permeability coefficient (P) was calculated and used as the parameter of cuticle permeability to B. For intact plant studies, enriched-B-10 boric acid solution was evenly spread onto the abaxial or the adaxial side of a leaf. The trees were sacrificed three days after the treatment and selected plant parts were analyzed with ICP-AES and ICP-MS spectrometers. The log content was used as the parameter of B permeability in vivo. The permeability coefficient of peach leaf adaxial cuticle was in the order of 10(-7) cm/sec. There were no difference in the permeability coefficients among B concentration and surfactant treatments. The pH had variable effect on B absorption through the cuticle of the adaxial side of the leaf. For the in vivo study of B uptake by peach leaves, the abaxial side was more efficient than the adaxial side, with the total B-10 taken up four times greater in the abaxial side than the adaxial side. The absorption percentages of the total B-10 applied in the abaxial and adaxial sides were 0.31% and 0.08%, respectively. Scratches on the treated leaves made the total B-10 uptake and translocation higher than the control treatment. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGRON,DEPT POMOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1231 EP 1242 DI 10.1080/01904169409364801 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NU636 UT WOS:A1994NU63600012 ER PT J AU SHU, ZH OBERLY, GH CARY, EE AF SHU, ZH OBERLY, GH CARY, EE TI MOBILITY OF FOLIAR-APPLIED BORON IN ONE-YEAR-OLD PEACHES AS AFFECTED BY ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article AB One-year-old potted 'Red Haven' peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) trees grown in the greenhouse were used to study the mobility of boron (B). Enriched-B-10-boric acid solution was evenly spread onto the abaxial side of a leaf. After harvesting at different time intervals, selected plant parts were analyzed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS spectrometry. The B-10 content was used as the parameter of B mobility. The results showed that among the six B concentrations (0, 150, 300, 600, 900, and 1,200 ppm) studied, the 1,200 ppm treatment had the highest B-10 content in every plant tissue. There was little difference between the middle and bottom treatments in the leaf position-treated experiment. However, if leaf area was not considered, the terminal leaf was less efficient in taking up B-10 than the other two positions in the same experiment. Plastic coverage on the treated leaf helped the uptake of the treated B-10-boric acid. High relative humidity (100% RH) treated plants had higher B-10 content than the low RH-treated (50%) plants. About 0.2 to 0.3% of the total B-10 applied was absorbed by the peach trees. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT POMOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. US ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1243 EP 1255 DI 10.1080/01904169409364802 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NU636 UT WOS:A1994NU63600013 ER PT J AU MEDEIROS, CAB CLARK, RB ELLIS, JR AF MEDEIROS, CAB CLARK, RB ELLIS, JR TI EFFECTS OF EXCESS ALUMINUM ON MINERAL UPTAKE IN MYCORRHIZAL SORGHUM SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PINE-SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; PHOSPHORUS; ELEMENTS; SOILS; CORN AB Soil acidity is often associated with toxic aluminum (Al), and mineral uptake usually decreases in plants grown with excess Al. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Al (0, 35, 70, and 105 mu M) on Al, phsophorus (P), sulfur (S), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn,) and copper (Cu) uptake in shoots and roots of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, cv. SC283] colonized with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi isolates Glomus intraradices UT143-2 (UT143) and Glomus etunicatum UT316A-2 (UT316) and grown in sand (pH 4.X). Mycorrhizal (+VAM) plants had higher shoot and root dry matter (DM) than nonmycorrhizal (-VAM) plants. The VAM treatment had significant effects on shoot concentrations of P, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn; shoot contents of P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu; root concentrations of P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Zn, and Cu; and root contents of Al, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu. The VAM effects on nutrient concentrations and contents and DM generally followed the sequence of UT316 > UT143 > -VAM. The VAM isolate UT143 particularly enhanced Zn uptake, and both VAM isolates enhanced uptake of P and Cu in shoots and roots, and various other nutrients in shoots or roots. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1399 EP 1416 DI 10.1080/01904169409364815 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NX157 UT WOS:A1994NX15700009 ER PT J AU SPIERS, JM BRASWELL, JH AF SPIERS, JM BRASWELL, JH TI RESPONSE OF STERLING MUSCADINE GRAPE TO CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATION AB The effects of varying nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) fertilization levels on plant growth and leaf elemental content of 'Sterling' muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia Michaux) were studied in a 2-year sand culture experiment. Increased N levels reduced leaf potassium (K), Ca, and Mn and increased leaf N and phosphorus (P) concentrations plus plant growth. Calcium fertilization increased leaf Ca, decreased leaf Mg, but did not affect plant growth. Magnesium fertilization reduced leaf K and Ca and increased leaf Mg plus plant growth. Visual symptoms, assumed to be Mg deficiencies, were decreased by Mg fertilization and highly correlated to leaf Mg content. Plants which received the highest Ca fertilizer level had fewer deficiency symptoms when treated with the highest rate of N. Calcium fertilization tended to slow both Mg uptake and deficiency symptoms reductions caused by increases in levels of applied Mg. Growth of 'Sterling' muscadine plants was positively correlated to leaf N and Mg and negatively related to leaf K, Ca, manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) concentrations. C1 MISSISSIPPI COOPERAT EXTENS SERV,POPLARVILLE,MS 39470. RP SPIERS, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SMALL FRUIT RES STN,POB 287,POPLARVILLE,MS 39470, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 10 BP 1739 EP 1750 DI 10.1080/01904169409364843 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PF151 UT WOS:A1994PF15100009 ER PT J AU REEVES, DW ROGERS, HH PRIOR, SA WOOD, CW RUNION, GB AF REEVES, DW ROGERS, HH PRIOR, SA WOOD, CW RUNION, GB TI ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE EFFECTS ON SORGHUM AND SOYBEAN NUTRIENT STATUS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CO2 ENRICHMENT; CHLOROPHYLL METER; MINERAL-NUTRITION; NITROGEN STATUS; EXCHANGE-RATES; RESPONSES; WHEAT; FIELD; GROWTH; MAIZE AB Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration could have significant implications on technologies for managing plant nutrition to sustain crop productivity in the future. Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) (C3 species) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) (C4 species) were grown in a replicated split-plot design using open-top field chambers under ambient (357 mu mol/mol) and elevated (705 mu mol/mol) atmospheric CO2. At anthesis, leaf disks were taken from upper mature leaves of soybean and from the third leaf below the head of sorghum for analysis of plant nutrients. Leaf greenness was measured with a Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter. Concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and specific leaf weight were also measured. Above-ground dry matter and seed yield were determined at maturiry. Seed yield of sorghum increased 17.5% and soybean seed yield increased 34.7% with elevated CO2. There were no differences in extractable chlorophyll concentration or chlorophyll meter readings due to CO2 treatment, but meter readings were reduced 6% when sorghum was grown in chambers as compared in the open. Leaf nitrogen (N) concentration of soybean decreased from 54.5 to 39.1 g/kg at the higher CO2 concentration. Neither the chambers nor CO2 had an effect on concentrations of other plant nutrients in either species. Further work under field conditions is needed to determine if current critical values for tissue N in crops, especially C3 crops, should be adjusted for future increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849. AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP REEVES, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,POB 3439,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 31 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 12 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1939 EP 1954 DI 10.1080/01904169409364856 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PJ185 UT WOS:A1994PJ18500008 ER PT J AU MEDEIROS, CAB CLARK, RB ELLIS, JR AF MEDEIROS, CAB CLARK, RB ELLIS, JR TI EFFECTS OF EXCESS MANGANESE ON MINERAL UPTAKE IN MYCORRHIZAL SORGHUM SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MICRONUTRIENT UPTAKE; PHOSPHORUS; FUNGI; NUTRIENT; SOYBEANS; GROWTH; SOIL; FERTILIZATION; CULTURE; CITRUS AB Associations between vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and manganese (Mn) nutrition/toxicity are not clear. This study was conducted to determine the effects of excess levels of Mn on mineral nutrient uptake in shoots and roots of mycorrhizal (+VAM) and non-mycorrhizal (-VAM) sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench, cv. NB9040]. Plants colonized with and without two VAM isolates [Glomus intraradices UT143-2 (UT1 43) and Gl. etunicatum UT316A-2 (UT316)] were grown in sand irrigated with nutrient solution at pH 4.8 containing 0, 270, 540, and 1080 mu M of added Mn (as manganese chloride) above the basal solution (18 mu M) Shoot and root dry matter followed the sequence of UT316 > UT143 > -VAM, and shoots had greater differences than roots. Shoot and root concentrations and contents of Mn, phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu were determined. The +VAM plants generally had higher mineral nutrient concentrations and contents than -VAM plants, although -VAM plants had higher concentrations and contents of some minerals than +VAM plants at some Mn levels. Plants colonized with UT143 had higher concentrations of shoot P, Ca, Zn, and Cu and higher root Mg, Zn, and Cu than UT316 colonized plants, while UT316 colonized plants had higher shoot and root K concentrations than UT143 colonized plants. These results showed that VAM isolates differ in enhancement of mineral nutrient uptake by sorghum. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. CNPFT,EMBRAPA,BR-96001 PELOTAS,RS,BRAZIL. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 12 BP 2203 EP 2219 DI 10.1080/01904169409364877 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PQ950 UT WOS:A1994PQ95000014 ER PT J AU HEITHOLT, JJ AF HEITHOLT, JJ TI COMPARISON OF ADJUVANT EFFECTS ON COTTON LEAF POTASSIUM CONCENTRATION AND LINT YIELD SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB Visual mid-season potassium (K) deficiencies in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) have recently been reported in many parts of the Cotton Belt. Foliar K sprays are sometimes used to correct these mid-season deficiencies. However, little is known about the uptake of K by leaves, whether spray adjuvants or surfactants facilitate movement of K into leaves, or whether foliar-applied K plus adjuvants enhance lint yield. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of spray adjuvants when mixed with foliar potassium nitrate (KNO3) solutions. Three field experiments (one K concentration time-course study and two foliar-applied K lint yield studies) were conducted. In the time-course study, plants were sprayed over-the-top once during mid-bloom with a 11.2 kg KNO3/ha (4.3 kg K/ha). Leaf blade and petiole K concentration were monitored at 0, 2, 4, 6, 24, and 48 h after application. The KNO3 solutions were applied alone or with either Tween 20 (a commonly used laboratory surfactant), Kinetic, Dyne-amic, Penetrator Plus, Invade, Plex, or X-77. Water and an unsprayed check were also evaluated. Applying KNO3 with any of the tested adjuvants resulted in higher leaf blade K concentration at 4 h after application (14.9 g/kg) compared to KNO3 sprays without an adjuvant (13.0 g/kg). At 24 h, leaf blades treated with KNO3 without adjuvant had higher K concentration (13.7 g/kg) than the water and check treatments (12.8 g/kg). Petiole K averaged 47 g/kg and was unaffected by the treatments. For the first lint yield study, plots received foliar-applied KNO3 (at a seasonal rate of 44.8 kg/ha) with one of four selected adjuvants or a Tween 20 solution without KNO3. For the second lint yield study, plots received foliar-applied KNO3 (at seasonal rates of 0, 22.4, and 44.8 kg/ha) with or without Penetrator Plus. Water as a foliar spray and an unsprayed check were also included. Tn both years, foliar-applied K increased leaf blade K concentration but lint yields and fiber properties were not affected. In summary, leaf blade K concentrations increased when adjuvants were added to the foliar-applied K solutions but these increases did not result in greater lint yield. RP HEITHOLT, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 345,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 12 BP 2221 EP 2233 DI 10.1080/01904169409364878 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PQ950 UT WOS:A1994PQ95000015 ER PT J AU SCHARF, PC ALLEY, MM AF SCHARF, PC ALLEY, MM TI RESIDUAL SOIL-NITROGEN IN HUMID REGION WHEAT PRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB The amount of soil mineral N (nitrate + ammonium) present when winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is spring-fertilized is generally not taken into account when making N fertilizer rate recommendations in humid regions. This is partly because overwinter losses of soil N are thought to be extensive, resulting in little field-to-field variability in the amount of N fertilizer needed. Our objectives were to determine: whether significant levels of mineral N exist in the fall in fields planted to winter wheat in the Coastal Plain of Virginia; if so, rhe extent to which this mineral N remains within the rooting zone through the winter; and whether this residual N affects crop response to spring N fertilization. We measured soil mineral N and conducted N-response experiments in nine farmer fields cropped to winter wheat-five in 1989-1990 and four in 1990-1991. Total mineral N was measured to 4 ft shortly after planting (November) and approximately monthly thereafter until mid-March, at which time rapid crop N uptake typically begins in our climate. Soil mineral N in mid-November ranged from 62 to 212 lb N/acre, and in mid-March ranged from 17 to 149 lb N/acre. Seven of the site-years were responsive to spring N fertilizer applications; yield gains from N application ranged from 25 to 56 bu/acre. At the two sites with the highest soil mineral N levels, check yields were 70 and 75 bu/acre, and no yield response to N fertilizer was observed; in fact, yields were depressed considerably by the application of N fertilizer. We conclude that high levels of soil mineral N can occur in the fall, that they can persist until spring, and that they can have considerable influence on optimum spring fertilization strategy. The wide range in residual mineral N that we observed and its strong correlation with yield response to fertilizer N demonstrates the need for field-specific N recommendations for winter wheat in humid regions. C1 USDA ARS,NO PLAINS AREA,POB E FT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 7 IS 1 BP 81 EP 85 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NE413 UT WOS:A1994NE41300008 ER PT J AU WESLEY, RA HEATHERLY, LG ELMORE, CD SPURLOCK, SR AF WESLEY, RA HEATHERLY, LG ELMORE, CD SPURLOCK, SR TI NET RETURNS FROM 8 IRRIGATED CROPPING SYSTEMS ON CLAY SOIL SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Considerable research has been conducted on the agronomic relationships of cropping systems adapted to the clayey soils of the lower Mississippi River flood plain; however, only a few studies included the determination and evaluation of net returns. An 8-yr study (1984-1991) was conducted on a Tunica clay (clayey over loamy, montmorillonitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Haplaquept) to determine net returns from eight irrigated cropping systems. The cropping systems included (1) monocrop corn (Zea mays L.), (2) monocrop soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], (3) monocrop sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.], (4) biennial rotation of corn and soybean, (5) biennial rotation of sorghum and soybean, (6) continuous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-soybean doublecrop, (7) biennial rotation of corn and wheat-soybean doublecrop, and (8) biennial rotation of sorghum and wheat-soybean doublecrop. Average net returns per acre from the biennial rotation of corn and wheat-soybean doublecrop ($136) and the continuous wheat-soybean doublecrop systems ($123) were similar and slightly higher than average net returns from the biennial rotation of corn-soybean ($110). Average net returns from the biennial rotation of sorghum and wheat-soybean doublecrop ($95), sorghum-soybean biennial rotation ($84), and monocrop corn ($79) systems were similar and higher than average net returns from monocrop soybean ($53) and monocrop sorghum ($19) systems. Average net returns from monocrop systems of com, soybean, and sorghum were all lower than net returns from cropping systems where the crops were grown in a biennial rotation with each other or with a wheat-soybean doublecrop sequence. RP WESLEY, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,FIELD CROP MECHANIZAT RES UNIT,POB 36,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 7 IS 1 BP 109 EP 115 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NE413 UT WOS:A1994NE41300013 ER PT J AU ALESSI, RS OBERLE, S MAYHEW, ME AF ALESSI, RS OBERLE, S MAYHEW, ME TI SYSTEMS-ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS FOR THE DESIGN OF A WHOLE-FARM INFORMATION-SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB The integration of agricultural research results into information management and information transfer technologies can aid agricultural practitioners and farm managers in understanding complex interactions among-farming systems components, and in improving whole-farm resource management. Systems approaches discussed in agricultural literature can be classified as being science-driven or technology-driven. Although specific objectives associated with these approaches may be fundamentally different, they share many similar principles. Our main objectives are to identify the common principles of several different systems design and development approaches, and to discuss how we applied these principles to develop the farm management information system entitled Farmbook. Support within the agricultural research community f or integration of these farming systems research/extension and systems engineering principles will make it possible to develop high quality farm-based software for education and technology transfer and ultimately for more efficient agricultural maangement systems development. RP ALESSI, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERV RES LAB,N IOWA AVE,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 7 IS 1 BP 135 EP 143 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NE413 UT WOS:A1994NE41300018 ER PT J AU KARLEN, DL SHANNON, MC SCHNEIDER, SM AMERMAN, CR AF KARLEN, DL SHANNON, MC SCHNEIDER, SM AMERMAN, CR TI USING SYSTEMS-ENGINEERING AND REDUCTIONIST APPROACHES TO DESIGN INTEGRATED FARM-MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROGRAMS SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Systems research is needed to more effectively use information generated through reductionist approaches. One example is the need to develop integrated farm management systems that can be envisioned as a collection of agricultural management strategies that incorporate concerns of farmers, farm suppliers, environmentalists, the local community, consumers, and the general public. Our objective was to use systems engineering methods to design an integrated farm management systems research program that could ultimately develop integrated farm management plans. Systematic steps included: (i) defining the problem, (ii) identifying all factors potentially affected by any solution, (iii) developing concepts for solving the problem, and (iv) evaluating four feasible concepts by quantifying tradeoffs associated with each solution. Four approaches for designing an integrated farm management systems research program were developed and evaluated. They were establishment of ad hoc panels, awarding of grants, use of the existing Agricultural Research Service management structure, and writing of specific research contracts. The systems engineering process suggested that use of contracts would provide the best performance and that using ad hoc panels would be less desirable, primarily because they lacked financial incentives for the scientists and provided minimal control over actual research efforts. Because of minimal cost associated with initiating and operating ad hoc panels, however, the anticipated return per dollar invested was higher for that approach than for the three other concepts. In addition to designing an integrated farm management systems research program, this project also demonstrated how systems engineering can be used for planning complex agricultural research projects. RP KARLEN, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 7 IS 1 BP 144 EP 150 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NE413 UT WOS:A1994NE41300019 ER PT J AU YOUNG, JA BLANK, RR LONGLAND, WS PALMQUIST, DE AF YOUNG, JA BLANK, RR LONGLAND, WS PALMQUIST, DE TI SEEDING INDIAN RICEGRASS IN AN ARID ENVIRONMENT IN THE GREAT-BASIN SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ARID REVEGETATION; SEED AND SEEDBED ECOLOGY; SEEDING DEPTH AND SEEDING RATE ID ORYZOPSIS-HYMENOIDES; GERMINATION; ACID AB Indian ricegrass [Oryzopsis hymenoides (R. & S.) Ricker] is a valuable forage species adapted to arid rangelands in temperate deserts. The purpose of this study was to test the influence of seeding date, depth, and rate on Indian ricegrass emergence and seedling establishment of acid scarified and intact caryopses (seeds). The seeding experiments were conducted on a wind eroding sand sheet of Lahontan age in western Nevada. During the initial year of planting, seeds of the cultivars Nezpar and Paloma Indian ricegrass were successfully established without pretreatment by acid scarification. Acid scarified seeds did not result in the established seedling stands in the field. Initial seedings were done in a season with prolonged moisture events with total precipitation about twice the average. Seedling stands of crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) ex Link Schult] as well as other exotic and native herbaceous and woody species were established during the first year. During the next 4 years crested wheatgrass seedlings were never again established. Indian ricegrass seedlings were established in 3 of the 4 subsequent years of seeding trials using a seeding rate of 0.8 seeds/cm of row and a seeding depth of 1 cm. Indian ricegrass seedling emergence was increased by either increasing the planting depth to 5 cm or by reducing the seeding rate to 0.03 seeds/cm of row. The ultra-low seeding rate resulted in a significant saving in seed cost. RP YOUNG, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,920 VALLEY RD,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 47 IS 1 BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.2307/4002831 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MR527 UT WOS:A1994MR52700001 ER PT J AU BLANK, RR ABRAHAM, L YOUNG, JA AF BLANK, RR ABRAHAM, L YOUNG, JA TI SOIL HEATING, NITROGEN, CHEATGRASS, AND SEEDBED MICROSITES SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE NITRATE; AMMONIUM; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; SAGEBRUSH ID PARTICLE-SIZE FRACTIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; MINERALIZATION; FIRE; CARBON; SHRUB; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; SAGEBRUSH; PATTERNS AB Heat-induced changes in the soil-solution and post-wildfire erosion can create chemically and texturally diverse seedbed microsites. We quantified organic carbon, extractable NH4+ after incubation (aerobic and anaerobic), and emergence of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.), by particle size fractions, in unburned and simulated burned sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata spp. tridentata Nutt.) subcanopy soil. For all particle size fractions, significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) more extractable NH4+ and significantly less extractable NO3- were measured in heated material as compared to unheated material. Heated treatments had significantly more NH4+ and significantly less NO3- mineralized after 11 days aerobic incubation than after unheated treatments; net N mineralized tended to be higher for all particle fractions in heated treatments than in unheated treatments. Emergence of cheatgrass under aerobic conditions was significantly retarded in all heated treatments. Elevated NH4+ to NO3- ratios in the soil-solution following heating does not explain suppression of cheatgrass emergence. Nitrogen mineralization, before and after simulated burning, is adequate in all particle size fractions to support the needs of germinating seeds. Nitrogen mineralization was not enhanced by the presence of growing cheatgrass plants. RP BLANK, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT BIOL RANGELANDS UNIT,920 VALLEY RD,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 47 IS 1 BP 33 EP 37 DI 10.2307/4002837 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MR527 UT WOS:A1994MR52700007 ER PT J AU RAY, IM HARMS, JP AF RAY, IM HARMS, JP TI HERITABILITIES OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN WESTERN WHEATGRASS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE PASCOPYRUM-SMITHII; PERENNIAL GRASS; NORTH AMERICAN PLANT SPECIES; GERMPLASM PRESERVATION; GENETIC VARIATION; POPULATION GENETICS ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; 4 FORAGE GRASSES; YIELD AB Limited research has been directed towards characterizing the phenotypic and genotypic variability of different traits in North American plant species. This study was conducted to estimate the degree of genetic control, i.e., the heritability (h2), of several agronomic and morphological traits of ND-WWG931 western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii, (Rydb.) Love] and to provide insight into appropriate sample sizes needed to estimate genetic parameters. Thirty randomly selected half-sib families of ND-WWG931 western wheatgrass were evaluated over 2 years and 2 locations in seeded single-row plots. Heritabilities were determined for the following traits based on the progeny means of the 30 families: dry matter yield, tiller height, spikelets per spike, vigor, spike density, spike pubescence, and spikelet color. Spike density, dry matter yield, and vigor had relatively high heritabilities (h2 = 79, 72, and 67%, respectively) and were estimated with the greatest precision (90% confidence interval width range: 33 to 64% as large as the point estimate). Spike pubescence, spikelets per spike, tiller height, and spikelet color demonstrated moderate to low heritabilities (h2 = 55, 49, 33, and 0% respectively) and were estimated with the least precision as demonstrated by relatively wide confidence limits. The genetic variance components for spike density, forage yield, vigor, and spike pubescence exceeded twice their standard errors indicating that selection for these traits should be effective in ND-WWG931. Heritability estimates of fresh forage yield were essentially the same, i.e., 61.9 and 61.5%, when based on either 30 or 270 half-sib families, respectively, indicating that a sample size of 30 families was adequate to provide reliable estimates of genetic variance in ND-WWG931. These data provide general insight into the population genetics of a North American plant species and demonstrate an approach to determine the genetic variability within plant materials that are being used for rangeland revegetation. C1 USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,NAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,MANDAN,ND 58554. RP RAY, IM (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,SEEDSTOCKS ENHANCEMENT PROJECT,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 47 IS 1 BP 60 EP 63 DI 10.2307/4002842 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MR527 UT WOS:A1994MR52700012 ER PT J AU BARTOS, DL BROWN, JK BOOTH, GD AF BARTOS, DL BROWN, JK BOOTH, GD TI 12 YEARS BIOMASS RESPONSE IN ASPEN COMMUNITIES FOLLOWING FIRE SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; ELK; ASPEN REPRODUCTION; FIRE EFFECTS AB Vegetation responses to prescribed fire over a 12-year period are reported for several deteriorating aspen clones in northwestern Wyoming. This study extends earlier work by Bartos and Mueggler (1981) on a prescribed fire intended to regenerate these aspen clones. After 3 years, numbers of suckers were close to pre-burn levels ranging between 10,000 to 20,000 suckers/ha. After 12 years, 1,500 to 2,400 suckers/ha remained at a meager height averaging approximately 0.5 m. The demise of this aspen was attributed to heavy ungulate use, primarily elk. Total undergrowth production increased substantially by the second postfire year and declined slowly after that. Biomass values of 2,130 kg/ha (low burn severity), 2,140 kg/ha (moderate burn severity), and 2,190 kg/ha (high burn severity) were recorded after 12 years. This exceeds preburn production by 23 to 46%. Forbs made up approximately 75% of the undergrowth production after 12 years, which was dominated by a dramatic postburn shift to fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium L.). The remaining production was comprised of approximately 20% grasses and 5% shrubs. Most of the fluctuation in species composition occurred on the high severity burn sites. C1 FIRE SCI LAB,MISSOULA,MT. FORESTRY SCI LAB,LOGAN,UT. STN HEADQUARTERS,OGDEN,UT. RP BARTOS, DL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,OGDEN,UT, USA. NR 20 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 47 IS 1 BP 79 EP 83 DI 10.2307/4002846 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MR527 UT WOS:A1994MR52700016 ER PT J AU SCHUMACHER, TE LINDSTROM, MJ MOKMA, DL NELSON, WW AF SCHUMACHER, TE LINDSTROM, MJ MOKMA, DL NELSON, WW TI CORN YIELD - EROSION RELATIONSHIPS OF REPRESENTATIVE LOESS AND TILL SOILS IN THE NORTH CENTRAL UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTIVITY; LANDSCAPE AB A study was started in 1984 to examine erosion-productivity relationships on representative soils from the North Central United States. The project was designed to minimize the effects of landscape position and agronomic practices on data interpretation. Soil climate, and agronomic data were collected according to standardized procedures on replicated erosion classes located in similar landscapes. Relative yield loss for erosion class 3 averaged 17 percent on glacial-till derived soils and 8 percent on loess derived soils during the study period. Growing season precipitation and productivity index (PI) gave the best fitting regression model for yield in the glacial-till derived soils (R2 = 0.61). On loess derived soils, addition of other variables to the regression equation did not greatly improve the R2 obtained from using growing season precipitation as the only predictor (R2 = 0.29). C1 USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. UNIV MINNESOTA,SW EXPT STN,LAMBERTON,MN 56152. RP SCHUMACHER, TE (reprint author), S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007, USA. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 49 IS 1 BP 77 EP 81 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA MX465 UT WOS:A1994MX46500011 ER PT J AU HUBBARD, RK SHERIDAN, JM AF HUBBARD, RK SHERIDAN, JM TI RETENTION OF SOLUTES BY CLAYEY COASTAL-PLAIN SOILS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW GROUND-WATER; NITRATE MOVEMENT; IRRIGATION; QUALITY; UPLAND AB A study was conducted to determine solute retention and movement rates under bare soil conditions on two clayey coastal plain soils, Faceville sandy loam and Greenville sandy clay loam. Both soils have high clay contents in the subsoil, but the Faceville is sandier at the surface. Nitrate (NO3-N) and bromide (Br) sources were applied at the rate of 125 kg/ha. Replicate samples were taken over time by depth from each soil and analyzed for NO3-N and Br. Under natural rainfall, 45 to 95 percent of these highly soluble chemicals were retained in the top meter of soil nine months after application. After one and a half years the solutes had moved to a depth of about one meter. The study showed that agrichemicals were retained for an extended period of time in the top meter of these clayey soils. High background NO3-N levels found in the Faceville soil indicated that an N buildup may occur in the root zone of clayey coastal plain soils under commonly used N application rates. RP HUBBARD, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 49 IS 1 BP 90 EP 96 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA MX465 UT WOS:A1994MX46500013 ER PT J AU STUART, MK BARAK, AV BURKHOLDER, WE AF STUART, MK BARAK, AV BURKHOLDER, WE TI IMMUNOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF TROGODERMA-GRANARIUM EVERTS (COLEOPTERA, DERMESTIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DERMESTIDAE; TROGODERMA-GRANARIUM; KHAPRA BEETLE; ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBANT ASSAY (ELISA); MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY ID ANTIBODY AB A monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay specific for Trogoderma granarium Everts was developed. The assay could rapidly and accurately distinguish T. granarium adults, pupae and larvae from six other Trogoderma species found within the United States. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,HOBOKEN METHODS DEV CTR,HOBOKEN,NJ 07030. UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT ENTOMOL,STORED PROD INSECTS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. RP STUART, MK (reprint author), KIRKSVILLE COLL OSTEOPATH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL,KIRKSVILLE,MO 63501, USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 30 IS 1 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1016/0022-474X(94)90267-4 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NA349 UT WOS:A1994NA34900002 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, FH AF ARTHUR, FH TI RESIDUAL EFFICACY OF CYFLUTHRIN EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE AND WETTABLE POWDER FORMULATIONS ON POROUS CONCRETE AND ON CONCRETE SEALED WITH COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS PRIOR TO INSECTICIDE APPLICATION SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CYFLUTHRIN; CONCRETE; SEALANTS; TRIBOLIUM; CONTROL ID PERSISTENCE; COLEOPTERA; MALATHION; SURFACES AB Spray emulsions formulated from a cyfluthrin emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and a cyfluthrin wettable powder (WP) were applied to concrete which was left unsealed or sealed with either Waterproofing Sealer, Olympic Waterguard, or Thompson's Water Seal. At weekly intervals the concrete was bioassayed with adult Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and adult Tribolium confusum (J.duV.) for 1, 6 and 24-h exposures each week for 14 weeks. With one exception, T. castaneum and T. confusum survival after 1 h exposure at week 1 on concrete treated with the EC exceeded 10% on all three commercial sealants and the unsealed control. At the 6-h exposure, T. castaneum survival was < 10% for 2, 2, 3 and 7 weeks on unsealed concrete, Waterproofing Sealer, Olympic Waterguard and Thompson's Water Seal, respectively; survival on each treatment at the 24-h exposure was < 10% for 2, 3, 9 and 12 weeks, respectively. At the 6-h exposure, T. confusum survival was < 10% for 2, 3, 6 and 8 weeks on unsealed concrete, Waterproofing Sealer, Olympic Waterguard, and Thompson's Water Seal, respectively; survival on each treatment at the 24-h exposure was < 10% for 4, 3, 7 and 12 weeks, respectively. When these species were exposed on unsealed concrete treated with the WP, survival decreased as exposure time increased. Except for two instances, survival after 6 and 24 h was zero for both species on all three sealants. RP ARTHUR, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 13 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 30 IS 1 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1016/0022-474X(94)90276-3 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NA349 UT WOS:A1994NA34900011 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, FH AF ARTHUR, FH TI EFFICACY OF UNSYNERGISED DELTAMETHRIN AND DELTAMETHRIN PLUS CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL COMBINATIONS AS PROTECTANTS OF STORED WHEAT AND STORED CORN (MAIZE) SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GRAIN; STORAGE; PROTECTANTS; PYRETHROIDS; BEETLES ID ORYZAE L COLEOPTERA; GRAIN PROTECTANTS; PYRETHROIDS; CURCULIONIDAE AB Soft red winter wheat and ''Pioneer 3320'' corn (maize) were treated with either 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 ppm deltamethrin, 0.5 ppm deltamethrin + 6.0 ppm chlorpyrifos-methyl, 1.0 ppm deltamethrin + 6.0 ppm chlorpyrifos-methyl, or 6.0 ppm chlorpyrifos-methyl, and subsequently stored for 10 months. Bioassays were conducted every 2 months during this storage period. Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) did not survive on the combination treatments applied to wheat. Survival of R. dominica in the three deltamethrin treatments was variable throughout the storage period but no F1 adults were detected. S. oryzae survival on wheat treated with 0.5 ppm deltamethrin ranged from 0 to 84.5%. Maximum survival in the 0.75 and 1.0 ppm deltamethrin treatments was 26.2 and 3.5%, respectively. Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) or Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) did not survive in the combination treatments applied to corn. Maximum S. zeamais and R. castaneum survival in the three deltamethrin treatments was 23.5 and 18.7%, respectively, but there were no significant trends during storage and F1 production was minimal. RP ARTHUR, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 30 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1016/0022-474X(94)90277-1 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NA349 UT WOS:A1994NA34900012 ER PT J AU MULLEN, MA AF MULLEN, MA TI RAPID-DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INSECT-RESISTANT PACKAGING SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE INDIANMEAL MOTH; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; INSECT INFESTATION; ATTRACTANCY; ODOR BARRIER AB A technique was developed to evaluate the usefulness of odour barriers and to determine the effect of package content in consumer size packages on resistance to infestation by insects. Female Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) could distinguish sealed packets containing food from non-food items as a suitable site for oviposition. Utilization of this technique will reduce the time needed to evaluate new materials for use in insect resistant packaging. RP MULLEN, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31405, USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 30 IS 1 BP 95 EP 97 DI 10.1016/0022-474X(94)90278-X PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NA349 UT WOS:A1994NA34900013 ER PT J AU DUNN, RO BAGBY, MO AF DUNN, RO BAGBY, MO TI SOLUBILIZATION OF METHANOL AND TRIGLYCERIDES - UNSATURATED LONG-CHAIN FATTY ALCOHOL MEDIUM-CHAIN ALKANOL MIXED AMPHIPHILE SYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ALKANOL; AGGREGATES; AMPHIPHILE; CO-SOLVENCY; MICROEMULSION; SOLUBILIZATION; TERNARY PHASE EQUILIBRIA; TRIGLYCERIDE; UNSATURATED LONG-CHAIN FATTY ALCOHOL; VISCOSITY ID VEGETABLE-OILS; MICROEMULSIONS AB This work examines the suitability of unsaturated C-18 fatty alcohol/1-alkanol mixed amphiphile systems as solubility enhancers for methanol in triglyceride solutions. Four fatty alcohols (all-cis monoene, diene and triene, and all-trans diene) and five alkanols (C-4-C-12) were investigated. Effects of the degree of unsaturation and configuration of the double bonds in the fatty alcohol tail group and the chainlength of the alkanol tailgroup were examined. Ternary equilibrium diagrams showed that addition of fatty alcohol/alkanol amphiphiles dramatically affect miscibility between methanol and triglyceride. Solubility, kinematic and relative viscosity, and refractive index data were analyzed to determine mechanisms responsible for the apparent solubilization effects. Under most experimental conditions, formation of large micellar aggregates of amphiphiles was unlikely, and the results were consistent with those expected for co-solvency. However, some viscosity and refractive index data showed that formation of large methanol-in-amphiphile aggregates resembling a nonaqueous microemulsion was feasible, but under limited conditions. RP DUNN, RO (reprint author), US ARS,NCAUR,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 71 IS 1 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1007/BF02541480 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MT479 UT WOS:A1994MT47900014 ER PT J AU CONWAY, WS SAMS, CE WANG, CY ABBOTT, JA AF CONWAY, WS SAMS, CE WANG, CY ABBOTT, JA TI ADDITIVE EFFECTS OF POSTHARVEST CALCIUM AND HEAT-TREATMENT ON REDUCING DECAY AND MAINTAINING QUALITY IN APPLES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CACL2; MALUS-DOMESTICA; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; PRESSURE INFILTRATION ID GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLES; CELL-WALL; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; FRUIT; INFILTRATION; ANNA AB 'Golden Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) were treated with heat or CaCl2 Solutions or a combination thereof to determine the effects of these treatments on decay and quality of fruit in storage. Heat treatment at 38C for 4 days, pressure infiltration with 2% or 4% solutions of CaCl2, or a combination of both, with heat following CaCl2 treatment affected decay and firmness during 6 months of storage at 0C. The heat treatment alone reduced decay caused by Botrytis cinerea (Pers.:Fr.) by almost-equal-to 30%, while heat in combination with a 2% CaCl2 Solution reduced decay by almost-equal-to 60%. Calcium chloride solutions of 2% or 4 % alone reduced decay by 40% and 60%, respectively. Heat treatments, either alone or in combination with CaCl2 treatments, maintained firmness (80 N) best, followed by fruit infiltrated with 2% or 4% solutions of CaCl2 alone (70 N) and the nontreated controls (66 N). Instron Magness-Taylor and Instron compression test curves show that heat-treated fruit differed qualitatively and quantitatively from nonheated fruit. Heat treatment did not increase the amount of infiltrated Ca bound to the cell wall significantly, and a combination of heat treatment after CaCl2 infiltration increased surface injury over those fruit heated or infiltrated with CaCl2 solutions alone. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. RP CONWAY, WS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 59 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 119 IS 1 BP 49 EP 53 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MW105 UT WOS:A1994MW10500008 ER PT J AU WANG, SY FAUST, M AF WANG, SY FAUST, M TI CHANGES IN POLYAMINE CONTENT DURING DORMANCY IN FLOWER BUDS OF ANNA APPLE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ENDODORMANCY; PUTRESCINE; SPERMIDINE; SPERMINE ID HELIANTHUS-TUBEROSUS; ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; BREAK; THIDIAZURON; BIOSYNTHESIS; TISSUES; CELLS AB Polyamine, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine contents were determined during endodormancy in the buds of low-chilling-requiring 'Anna' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.). Putrescine, spermidine, and spermine contents increased greatly in buds when their chilling requirement was satisfied. Polyamine biosynthetic inhibitors alpha-difluoromethylarginine (DFMA) or alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) reduced bud break and bud growth in concert with decreased polyamine titers. DFMO or DFMA did not inhibit bud break when it was applied to buds after they received the full chilling requirement. DFMO was more inhibitory than DFMA. The polyamine requirement was much higher for bud growth and bud development than during differentiation and bud break. RP WANG, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 119 IS 1 BP 70 EP 73 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MW105 UT WOS:A1994MW10500012 ER PT J AU HAVEY, MJ BARK, OH AF HAVEY, MJ BARK, OH TI MOLECULAR CONFIRMATION THAT STERILE CYTOPLASM HAS BEEN INTRODUCED INTO OPEN-POLLINATED GRANO ONION CULTIVARS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHLOROPLAST DNA; CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY; INTROGRESSION; RFLPS ID DNA AB Open-pollinated (OP) onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars are primarily in normal (N) fertile cytoplasm; however, specific cultivars possess both N and sterile (S) cytoplasms or are exclusively in S cytoplasm. It is unclear whether the presence of S cytoplasm in OP cultivars is due to ancient or recent introduction or both. Restriction-enzyme analysis of the chloroplast DNA established that S cytoplasm has been introgressed into OP onion cultivars since its discovery in 1925. 'Valencia Grano' (released in 1927), 'New Mexico Early Grano' (1931), 'Texas Early Grano (TEG) 502' (1947), and 'Temprana' (1979) are in N cytoplasm; S cytoplasm was introduced into the population 'TEG 502 PRR', and subsequent selections ('NuMex BR1' and 'NuMex Sunlite') are in S cytoplasm. The inbred 'TEG 951 C' and 'Texas Grano 1015Y' possess a mixture of N and S cytoplasm and, because these two onions originated from self-pollinations of single plants, bulb or seed mixtures or both must have occurred. RP HAVEY, MJ (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT HORT,VEGETABLE CROPS UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 119 IS 1 BP 90 EP 93 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MW105 UT WOS:A1994MW10500016 ER PT J AU OZIASAKINS, P JARRET, RL AF OZIASAKINS, P JARRET, RL TI NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT AND PLOIDY LEVELS IN THE GENUS IPOMOEA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DAPI; GENOME SIZE; SWEET-POTATO ID FLOW CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; SWEET-POTATO; HIGHER-PLANTS; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; GENOME SIZE; TRIFIDA; ZEA; ANGIOSPERMS; HEXAPLOIDS; POLLEN AB The nuclear DNA content of 53 accessions from 24 Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) species, including four sweetpotato cultivars, was determined by flow cytometry of DAPI-stained nuclei. Ploidy level and DNA content were significantly correlated within the genus, but more highly so within species that contained multiple cytotypes. DNA content of cultivated L batatas (L.) Lam. (4.8 to 5.3 pg/2C nucleus) and feral tetraploid L batatas (3.0 to 3.5 pg/2C nucleus) was estimated from the known DNA content of chicken erythrocytes (2.33 pg), which were used as an internal standard. Tetraploid forms of L cordato-triloba Dennstedt also were identified. Ploidy analysis using flow cytometry is rapid and suitable for large-scale experiments such as studying the genetic structure of populations of L batatas and related species. Chemical name used: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). C1 USDA,ARS,REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. RP OZIASAKINS, P (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 39 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 119 IS 1 BP 110 EP 115 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MW105 UT WOS:A1994MW10500020 ER PT J AU HALEY, SD MIKLAS, PN AFANADOR, L KELLY, JD AF HALEY, SD MIKLAS, PN AFANADOR, L KELLY, JD TI RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) MARKER VARIABILITY BETWEEN AND WITHIN GENE POOLS OF COMMON BEAN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DNA MARKERS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; GENOMIC DNA; DIVERSITY; PCR; REGISTRATION; POLYMERASE; CENTERS; HYBRIDS AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the degree of RAPD marker variability between and within commercially productive market classes representative of the Andean and Middle American gene pools of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Six sets of near-isogenic lines were screened with oligonucleotide primers in the polymerase chain reaction-based RAPD assay. Simultaneous analyses with at least three sets of lines enabled us to score RAPD markers between the two major gene pools, races within the same gene pool, and different genotypes of the same race (within race). A ''three-tiered'' pattern of polymorphism was observed: between gene pools > between races > within races. The overall level of polymorphism between the Andean and Middle American gene pools was 83.4 %. The overall level of polymorphism between races within the same gene pool was similar for Andean races (60.4%) and Middle American races (61.7%). The level of polymorphism between related commercial navy bean tines was 39.2% and between related commercial snap bean lines was 53.6%. The inherent simplicity and efficiency of RAPD analyses, coupled with the number of polymorphisms detectable between related commercial genotypes, should facilitate the construction of RAPD-based genetic linkage maps in the context of populations representative of most bean breeding programs. C1 USDA, ARS, TROP AGR RES STN, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00681 USA. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. RP HALEY, SD (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. RI Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013 NR 32 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 119 IS 1 BP 122 EP 125 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MW105 UT WOS:A1994MW10500022 ER PT J AU FORRESTER, DJ KINSELLA, JM MERTINS, JW PRICE, RD TURNBULL, RE AF FORRESTER, DJ KINSELLA, JM MERTINS, JW PRICE, RD TURNBULL, RE TI PARASITIC HELMINTHS AND ARTHROPODS OF FULVOUS WHISTLING-DUCKS (DENDROCYGNA BICOLOR) IN SOUTHERN FLORIDA SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE FULVOUS WHISTLING-DUCK; DENDROCYGNA BICOLOR; TREMATODES; CESTODES; NEMATODES; CHEWING LICE; MITES; SURVEY; PREVALENCE; SOUTHERN FLORIDA AB Thirty fulvous whistling-ducks (Dendrocygna bicolor) collected during 1984-1985 from the Everglades Agricultural Area of southern Florida were examined for parasites. Twenty-eight species were identified and included 8 trematodes, 6 cestodes, 1 nematode, 4 chewing lice, and 9 mites. All parasites except the 4 species of lice and 1 of the mites are new host records for fulvous whistling-ducks. None of the ducks were infected with blood parasites. Every duck was infected with at least 2 species of helminths (mean 4.2; range 2-8 species). The most common helminths were the trematodes Echinostoma trivolvis and Typhlocoelum cucumevinum and 2 undescribed cestodes of the genus Diorchis, which occurred in prevalences of 67, 63, 50, and 50%, respectively. Only 1 duck was free of parasitic arthropods; each of the other 29 ducks was infested with at least 3 species of arthropods (mean 5.3; range 3-9 species). The most common arthropods included an undescribed feather mite (Ingrassia sp.) and the chewing louse Holomenopon leucoxanthum, both of which occurred in 97% of the ducks. C1 USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,AMES,IA 50010. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ENTOMOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. FLORIDA GAME & FRESH WATER FISH COMMISS,OKEECHOBEE,FL 34974. RP FORRESTER, DJ (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,COLL VET MED,DEPT INFECT DIS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610, USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 61 IS 1 BP 84 EP 88 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA MW495 UT WOS:A1994MW49500014 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP BWANGAMOI, O AF DUBEY, JP BWANGAMOI, O TI SARCOCYSTIS FELIS (PROTOZOA, SARCOCYSTIDAE) FROM THE AFRICAN LION (PANTHERA LEO) SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Note DE SARCOCYSTIS FELIS; LION; PANTHERA LEO; SARCOCYSTS ID RUFUS AB Sarcocysts of Sarcocystis felis were found in skeletal muscle of a 7-yr-old African lioness (Panthera lee) from Kenya, Africa. Sarcocysts were up to 1,650 mu m long and up to 150 mu m wide. The cyst wall was 1.0-1.5 mu m thick and had characteristic fingerlike villar projections. C1 UNIV ZIMBABWE,FAC VET SCI,DEPT PARACLIN VET STUDIES,HARARE,ZIMBABWE. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 61 IS 1 BP 113 EP 114 PG 2 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA MW495 UT WOS:A1994MW49500019 ER PT J AU BRILLHART, DB FOX, LB DUBEY, JP UPTON, SJ AF BRILLHART, DB FOX, LB DUBEY, JP UPTON, SJ TI SEROPREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMA-GONDII IN WILD MAMMALS IN KANSAS SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Note DE TOXOPLASMA GONDII; COCCIDIA; SURVEY; DEER; RACCOON; KANSAS ID COSTA-RICA; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; ANIMALS; TRANSMISSION; INTERMEDIATE; ANTIBODIES; MONTANA; HOSTS; CATS AB Between 1989 and 1993, serum samples from 516 mammals in Kansas representing 17 species were examined for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii using a modified direct-agglutination test. The overall prevalence was 84/516 (16%) mammals infected. When considering only animals where adequate sample sizes were available, the highest prevalences were found in raccoons (Procyon lotor), of which 14/20 (70%) were infected; white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), with 47/106 (44%) seropositive; and Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana), with a prevalence of 9/28 (32%). The seroprevalence in rodents and pronghorn antelopes was <8%. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DIV BIOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS DEPT WILDLIFE & PARKS,EMPORIA,KS 66801. USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 5 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 61 IS 1 BP 117 EP 121 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA MW495 UT WOS:A1994MW49500021 ER PT J AU MURRELL, KD AF MURRELL, KD TI UNTITLED - IN-MEMORIAM SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Item About an Individual RP MURRELL, KD (reprint author), USDA,ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 61 IS 1 BP 149 EP 149 PG 1 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA MW495 UT WOS:A1994MW49500030 ER PT J AU HASEGAWA, S IFUKU, Y AF HASEGAWA, S IFUKU, Y TI BIOCHEMISTRY OF CITRUS LIMONOIDS - METABOLISM AND BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-NIPPON SHOKUHIN KAGAKU KOGAKU KAISHI LA Japanese DT Review RP HASEGAWA, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB, 263 S CHESTER AVE, PASADENA, CA 91106 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN SOC FOOD SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY PI IBARAKI-KEN PA 2-1-12 KANNONDAI TSUKUBA-SHI, IBARAKI-KEN, 305-8642, JAPAN SN 1341-027X J9 J JPN SOC FOOD SCI JI J. Jpn. Soc. Food Sci. Technol.-Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi PY 1994 VL 41 IS 5 BP 372 EP 380 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA NP567 UT WOS:A1994NP56700010 ER PT J AU GRISWOLD, TL AF GRISWOLD, TL TI TAXONOMIC NOTES ON SOME HERIADINES, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF 3 NEW SPECIES (HYMENOPTERA, MEGACHILIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Stenoheriades, previously a subgenus of Pseudoheriades, is accorded generic rank with two new species described, S. eingiddicus and S. prionotus. Othinosmia stupenda, a distinctive new species from East Africa is provisionally placed in the genus Othinosmia. New synonymies, new combinations and lectotype designations are presented for the genera Heriades, Hofferia, Protosmia, Noteriades, Othinosmia and Pseudoheriades. RP GRISWOLD, TL (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, BEE BIOL & SYSTEMAT LAB, LOGAN, UT 84322 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 67 IS 1 BP 17 EP 28 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NY822 UT WOS:A1994NY82200003 ER PT J AU MOELLENBECK, DJ BARRY, BD DARRAH, LL AF MOELLENBECK, DJ BARRY, BD DARRAH, LL TI THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INFESTATIONS AND VERTICAL ROOT PULLING EVALUATIONS TO SCREEN FOR RESISTANCE TO THE WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA COLEOPTERA; MAIZE; EGGS AB Artificial infestations and paired-row, vertical root pulling strength evaluations were used to study the effect of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Leconte, on com (Zea mays L.) and to determine if these procedures could be used in preliminary evaluations for resistance to the western corn rootworm. Two commercial com hybrids, two corn inbreds, and a B84/Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic breeding population were artificially infested with 600 and 1200 western corn rootworm eggs per 30.5 cm row length at two Missouri locations. Infestations reduced the plant height of inbred lines SC41R and CI31A and the Pioneer Brand 3184 hybrid. Increases in percent root lodging were found in all cultivars under the high infestation rate. Vertical root pulling resistance was reduced at both infestation rates; however, cultivars did not vary in the reduction of root pulling strength caused by western corn rootworm damage. Cultivars with high vertical root pulling resistance in uninfested plots showed tolerance to the western corn rootworm by losing a lower percentage of their root pulling strength. Significant reductions in vertical root pulling strength in infested rows show the effectiveness of artificial infestations and paired-row vertical root pulling strength evaluations. RP MOELLENBECK, DJ (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 67 IS 1 BP 46 EP 52 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NY822 UT WOS:A1994NY82200006 ER PT J AU TROSTLE, G TORCHIO, PF AF TROSTLE, G TORCHIO, PF TI COMPARATIVE NESTING-BEHAVIOR AND IMMATURE DEVELOPMENT OF MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA (FABRICIUS) AND MEGACHILE-APICALIS SPINOLA (HYMENOPTERA, MEGACHILIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LATE EMBRYOGENESIS; BIOLOGY; COLLETIDAE; FORMS; BEE AB Comparative results were obtained on in-nest biology, late embryogenesis, and immature development of two leafcutting bee species (Megachile rotundata (Fabricius) and Megachile apicalis Spinola) to determine how these closely related species are partitioned. M. apicalis applied nectar to the nest tube prior to constructing each leaf cell and also added nectar to the lip of the cell prior to cell capping whereas M. rotundata did not. M. apicalis also constructed cells with fewer leaf pieces (6-10 versus 14 in M. rotundata) but used fewer leaf pieces per cell (6-8) near the end of the nesting cycle while M. rotundata utilized the same number of leaves throughout nesting periods. The embryos of both species actively twisted in rotating 180-degrees on their long axis which is similar to rotation methods observed by us in other megachilid taxa but different from other families (i.e., Colletidae). Both species developed through 5 instars even though M. apicalis eclosed from the chorion as a second instar and M. rotundata eclosed as a first or second instar. We conclude that Apoidea undergoes four larval molts and 5 instars and suggest that one or more instars were missed in previous studies reporting fewer than 5 instars. Variability in embryonic and larval developmental rates at constant temperatures indicate genetic plasticity. However, developmental rates were not found to be correlated with diapause induction with either species. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BEE BIOL & SYSTEMAT LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP TROSTLE, G (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 43 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 67 IS 1 BP 53 EP 72 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NY822 UT WOS:A1994NY82200007 ER PT J AU WOODSON, WD ELLSBURY, MM AF WOODSON, WD ELLSBURY, MM TI LOW-TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON HATCH OF NORTHERN CORN-ROOTWORM EGGS (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIABROTICA AB This study determined the survival of northern corn rootworm eggs exposed to different experimental low temperatures for up to 16 weeks. Eggs were obtained from adults collected in maize fields that had been in continuous maize for greater-than-or-equal-to 2 years. Eggs were placed in the field in September to simulate soil temperatures experienced by feral eggs. In November they were brought into the laboratory and subjected to temperatures of 0, -2.5, -5, -7.5, or -10-degrees-C for 2 to 16 weeks. Percent egg hatch following treatment declined as temperature decreased and as duration of exposure at reduced temperature increased. This relationship was described by the equation HATCH = 42.70 - 5.51.TP + 5.67*TM -0.54*(TP)2 - 0.26*(TM)2 + 0.42*TP*TM (r2 = 0.70), where TP and TM denote exposure temperature (C) and temperature duration (weeks), respectively. RP WOODSON, WD (reprint author), NPA,USDA ARS,N GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,RURAL ROUTE 3,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 67 IS 1 BP 102 EP 106 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NY822 UT WOS:A1994NY82200009 ER PT J AU KARMAKER, AC HINRICHSEN, G AF KARMAKER, AC HINRICHSEN, G TI EFFECT OF WATER-UPTAKE ON SOME PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES OF JUTE FIBERS SO JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE LA English DT Note C1 TECH UNIV BERLIN,INST NONMET MAT,DEPT POLYMER PHYS,D-10587 BERLIN,GERMANY. RP KARMAKER, AC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEXTILE INST INTL HEADQUARTERS PI MANCHESTER PA 10 BLACKFRIARS ST, MANCHESTER, ENGLAND M3 5DR SN 0040-5000 J9 J TEXT I JI J. Text. Inst. PY 1994 VL 85 IS 2 BP 288 EP 290 DI 10.1080/00405009408659028 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA PE935 UT WOS:A1994PE93500015 ER PT J AU SEABORN, CD NIELSEN, FH AF SEABORN, CD NIELSEN, FH TI DIETARY SILICON AFFECTS ACID AND ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE AND CALCIUM-45 UPTAKE IN BONE OF RATS SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE SILICON; (45)CALCIUM; BONE; ECTOPIC BONE; CALCIUM; COPPER; ACID PHOSPHATASE; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ID CONNECTIVE-TISSUE; ESSENTIAL ELEMENT; COLLAGEN; PROTEIN; CHICK AB Silicon (Si) apparently is involved in bone calcification; however, its exact role is unclear. Thus, the effect of Si on bone turnover and bone formation was investigated by utilizing a 2 x 2 factorially arranged experiment. Groups of 12 animals were fed Si-deficient (0.6 mu g/g) or Si-adequate (35 mu g/g) casein/ground corn diets for 9 wk. At 7 wk, six animals from each group were implanted subcutaneously in the thoracic region with a gelatin capsule containing 30 mg of demineralized bone (DB) and another capsule containing 70 mg mineralized bone (MB) obtained from rats fed Si-low (1.2 mu g/g) diets; the remaining animals were implanted similarly but the source of DB and MB was rats fed Si-supplemented (50 mu g/g) diets. The animals were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 mu Ci Ca-45/g body weight 14 h before the end of the experiment which was 14 d after the capsules were implanted. Marker enzyme activities (alkaline-formation and acid-resorption phosphatases) and the uptake of Ca-45 by femur and bone implants were measured. Both bone turnover and bone formation as indicated by acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were higher in femurs of Si-adequate than Si-deficient rats. Neither dietary Si nor source of bone for the MB or DB implants affected ectopic bone formation; however, an interaction between Si and implant bone source affected acid phosphatase in both MB and DB implants. Silicon did not affect Ca-45 uptake by femur, but uptake by both MB and DB implants was increased by dietary Si supplementation. The bone implants significantly decreased calcium and increased copper concentrations in the tibia when the source of bone was animals fed Si-adequate diets. The decreased activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase in femur bone, the decreased uptake of Ca-45 in ectopic bone, and decreased copper concentration in tibia of Si-deprived rats is new evidence confirming that Si affects bone metabolism. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 1994 VL 7 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA NW929 UT WOS:A1994NW92900002 ER PT J AU SAARI, JT SCHUSCHKE, DA ACKERMANN, DM AF SAARI, JT SCHUSCHKE, DA ACKERMANN, DM TI TRACE-ELEMENTS IN HUMANS AND COPPER-DEFICIENT RATS EXPERIENCING CARDIAC VENTRICULAR RUPTURE SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HEART; LIVER; HUMAN; RAT; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; COPPER; MINERAL ID ISCHEMIC HEART-DISEASE; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; MAGNESIUM; MUSCLE; ABNORMALITIES; HYPERTENSION; RESTRICTION; POTASSIUM; AORTA; IRON AB We examined whether the copper-deficient rat might be a model for cardiac ventricular rupture in-humans. Male weanling rats were fed diets that were adequate (5.7 mg/kg diet) or deficient (0.3 mg/kg diet) in copper for 49 days, and 24% of the copper-deficient rats died of cardiac rupture. Autopsy samples of heart and liver were obtained from humans who died of cardiac rupture or controls who died of noncardiac causes. Trace element measurements indicated that:organ copper concentration was reduced. by copper deficiency in rats, but was not different from controls in humans exhibiting cardiac rupture; manganese concentration was higher than that of controls in organs of copper-deficient rats and lower in organs of humans with ruptured hearts; iron concentration was lower in ruptured human hearts and, not different in ruptured copper-deficient hearts compared to controls; and liver iron concentration was higher than controls in copper deficiency and not different from controls in humans with cardiac rupture. Macromineral measurements indicated that: magnesium concentration was lower in ruptured hearts of both humans and copper-deficient rats-than it was in their respective controls; phosphorus was elevated in both sets of ruptured hearts, as was sodium; and calcium concentration in ruptured hearts of copper-deficient rats was higher than in controls. We conclude that trace element changes, in particular of copper, are not associated with cardiac rupture in humans. Similar macromineral changes associated with rupture in humans and copper-deficient rats probably reflect the common endpoint of both conditions, tissue necrosis. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV LOUISVILLE,SCH MED,CTR APPL MICROCIRCULATORY RES,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292. UNIV LOUISVILLE,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292. RP SAARI, JT (reprint author), UNIV N DAKOTA,USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOX 9034,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 1994 VL 7 IS 2 BP 59 EP 67 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA QF931 UT WOS:A1994QF93100003 ER PT J AU REEVES, PG STALLARD, L AF REEVES, PG STALLARD, L TI ZINC-DEFICIENCY REDUCES THE ACTIVITY OF ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME IN TESTICULAR GERM-CELLS AND SPERM OF ADULT-RATS SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ZINC; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME; TESTIS; GERM CELLS; RATS ID DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; TESTIS; EPIDIDYMIS; ASSAY AB Zinc deficiency reduces the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the testes of young rats. However, it was not known whether this effect was specific to the testicular germ cell that contains most of the ACE activity or whether it was caused by a reduction in the number of germ cells. Also unknown was whether zinc deficiency could reduce ACE activity in testes of adult rats. Thirty young adult (9 weeks old) male rats were divided into three groups and fed different regimens for 8 to 10 weeks. The regimens consisted of a zinc-adequate diet (+ZnAL), a zinc-deficient diet (-ZnAL), and a zinc-adequate diet pair-fed to those receiving the deficient diet (+ZnPF). Sperm and germ cells were separated from the testes and ACE activity was determined. ACE activity in germ cells from the -ZnAL group was only 50% of that from either control group. Likewise, ACE activity from testicular sperm was only 25% of that in the control groups. ACE activity was directly proportional to the amount of zinc in each cell type. It was concluded that zinc deficiency not only affects the activity of testicular ACE in young immature rats, but also affects activity in adult rats if the deficiency is continued long enough. This study also clearly shows that the effect of the deficiency on ACE activity in the testes is at the cellular level. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP REEVES, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,2420 2ND AVE N,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 1994 VL 7 IS 3 BP 125 EP 134 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA QK133 UT WOS:A1994QK13300005 ER PT J AU NIELSEN, FH POELLOT, RA UTHUS, EO AF NIELSEN, FH POELLOT, RA UTHUS, EO TI MANGANESE DEPRIVATION AFFECTS RESPONSE TO NICKEL DEPRIVATION SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ARGININE; ARGINASE; TRACE ELEMENTS; CARBOHYDRATE; CALCINEURIN; MALIC ENZYME ID DIETARY MANGANESE; TRACE-ELEMENTS; ENZYME CONTENT; METAL-IONS; RAT; CALCINEURIN; DEFICIENCY; COPPER; METABOLISM; ACTIVATION AB A study was performed to ascertain whether manganese deprivation would alter the response of rats to nickel deprivation and thereby provide some clues as to the biochemical function of nickel in higher animals. A 2 x 2 factorially arranged experiment was performed with groups of nine weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. The basal-dried skim milk, acid-washed ground corn diet contained 12 ng Ni/g and 100 ng Mn/g. The experimental variables were supplemental nickel at 0 and 1 mu g/g and supplemental manganese at 0 and 20 mu g/g. After being fed the diets for 10 weeks, the rats exhibited numerous changes indicating that manganese status affected the response to nickel deprivation, and vice versa. Moreover, nickel affected several variables associated with the functional roles of manganese. These types of effects were prominent in variables associated with the metabolism of arginine. For example, nickel deprivation increased the amount of arginase present in liver that was activated in vitro by manganese or nickel; with the manganese-stimulated activity, the increase was enhanced by manganese deprivation. Manganese deprivation alone did not affect the amount of manganese- or nickel-stimulated arginase, which is surprising because arginase is a manganese-containing enzyme. Both nickel and manganese deprivation decreased blood urea nitrogen; the lowest value occurred in rats fed the diet deficient in both elements. An interaction between manganese and nickel also affected plasma creatinine concentration; the highest value was in rats fed the diet supplemented with both elements. An interaction between manganese and nickel affected soft tissue calcium concentration. In skeletal muscle and kidney, nickel deprivation decreased calcium when manganese was supplemented, but increased calcium when manganese was deficient; just the opposite occurred in heart. The findings suggest that nickel has a biochemical role closely associated with the metabolism of arginine. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP NIELSEN, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 9034,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 1994 VL 7 IS 4 BP 167 EP 185 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RG312 UT WOS:A1994RG31200004 ER PT J AU REGISTER, KB WESLEY, RD AF REGISTER, KB WESLEY, RD TI MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF ATTENUATED VACCINE STRAINS OF TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that 2 attenuated strains of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) contain deletions affecting messenger (m) RNAs 2, 3, or 4. In this report, we have compared mRNAs of four modified-live virus vaccines for TGEV with the virulent Miller PP3 isolate to determine whether any transcriptional patterns are shared among attenuated strains. Using northern blot analysis, all vaccine viruses expressed mRNAs indistinguishable in size from those of Miller PP3. However, using S1 nuclease protection experiments, alterations in the regions of the genome from which mRNAs 2 and 3 are transcribed were detected in 2 of the vaccine strains. When genomic cDNA fragments derived from the coding region for mRNA 2 were sequenced, a 6-nucleotide deletion, also found in the attenuated strain Purdue-115, was discovered. The product of mRNA 2, a spike glycoprotein, was visualized by western blotting for each vaccine strain, and no profound differences in mobility were detected relative to Miller PP3. Alterations in the region of the genome from which mRNA 3 is transcribed appear to be identical or very similar to sequence alterations already described in this region for Purdue- 1 15, one of which is likely to alter the polypeptide product of mRNA 3. Insertions or deletions in mRNAs 2 or 3 may contribute to attenuation but are not a prerequisite for this phenotype. The SI nuclease protection analysis is a sensitive tool for differentiating particular strains of TGEV. RP REGISTER, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,SWINE VIROL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 6 IS 1 BP 16 EP 22 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MZ822 UT WOS:A1994MZ82200003 PM 8011775 ER PT J AU SAHU, SP ALSTAD, AD PEDERSEN, DD PEARSON, JE AF SAHU, SP ALSTAD, AD PEDERSEN, DD PEARSON, JE TI DIAGNOSIS OF EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS-INFECTION IN HORSES BY IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M AND G CAPTURE ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used as possible adjuncts to hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and virus neutralization (VN) tests to differentiate between reaction to recent exposure to eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus and those due to prior vaccination. Serum samples were evaluated by the IgM-capture ELISA, and the results were compared with those of HI and VN tests. Of 381 serum samples, 51% (195 samples) were positive by HI test (greater-than-or-equal-to 1:40) and 54% (205 samples) were positive by VN test (greater-than-or-equal-to 1:10), but only 35% (132 samples) were positive by IgM-capture ELISA (greater-than-or-equal-to 1:100). With only a few exceptions, the sera with IgG ELISA titers had a VN titer of greater-than-or-equal-to 1:100. When EEE virus isolation and serology were compared, the EEE cases were divided into three categories: 1) peracute cases-the serum was negative for EEE IgM and IgG by the ELISA, negative for VN antibody, but HI antibody positive; 2) acute cases-IgM and HI antibody positive but negative for IgG and VN antibody; and 3) transitional cases-positive for IgM and IgG antibodies, HI titers of 1:40-1:160, and VN titers of greater-than-or-equal-to 1:100. IgM antibodies of EEE virus were monospecific and did not cross-react with western or Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis viral antigens by the ELISA. Isolation of EEE virus from tissue or detection of IgM antibodies to EEE virus in a single serum sample is evidence of recent EEE infection and differentiated serum from previously vaccinated horses. However, the presence of IgM in the absence of virus isolation could also be due to a recent viral vaccination. RP SAHU, SP (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,POB 844,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 6 IS 1 BP 34 EP 38 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MZ822 UT WOS:A1994MZ82200006 PM 8011779 ER PT J AU HARVEY, RB KUBENA, LF ELISSALDE, MH CORRIER, DE PHILLIPS, TD AF HARVEY, RB KUBENA, LF ELISSALDE, MH CORRIER, DE PHILLIPS, TD TI COMPARISON OF 2 HYDRATED SODIUM-CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE COMPOUNDS TO EXPERIMENTALLY PROTECT GROWING BARROWS FROM AFLATOXICOSIS SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB Two formulations of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS-1 and HSCAS-3), anti-caking agents for mixed feed, were added to the diets of growing barrows and were evaluated for their potential to diminish the clinical signs of aflatoxicosis. The experimental design consisted of 8 barrows (2 replicates of 4 each/treatment) assigned to 1 of the following 6 treatment diets (total of 48): 1) 0 g of HSCAS-1 or HSCAS-3 and 0 mg of aflatoxin (AF)/kg of feed (control); 2) 5 g HSCAS-1/kg of feed; 3) 5 g HSCAS-3/kg of feed; 4) 3 mg AF/kg of feed; 5) 3 mg AF plus 5 g HSCAS-1/kg of feed; or 6) 3 mg AF plus 5 g HSCAS-3/kg of feed. Barrows were maintained in indoor concrete-floored pens, with feed and water available for 28 days (from 8 to 12 weeks of age). Barrows were observed twice daily and weighed weekly, and blood samples were collected at day 28 for hematologic, immunologic, and serum biochemical measurements. At the termination of the study, barrows were euthanized and necropsied. Barrow body weight pins were diminished, compared to those of controls, by consumption of AF alone and both of the AF plus HSCAS diets; however, the AF plus HSCAS-1 and AF plus HSCAS-3 barrow body weight pins were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than those of the AF-alone barrows. No toxic responses or performance differences were noticed for barrows consuming either of the HSCAS-alone diets. Serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase, calcium, cholesterol, albumin, triglycerides, and urea nitrogen were altered in barrows of the AF-alone treatment. The use of HSCAS prevented most but not all of the AF-induced changes in biochemical values. Immunologic measurements that were adversely affected by AF included mitogen-induced lymphoblastogenesis and peritoneal macrophage activity and function. The addition of HSCAS to AF-contaminated diets protected barrows from some of these toxic changes. Although immunologic measurements in the AF plus HSCAS groups were significantly different than those of the AF-alone group, values were still not equivalent to those of controls. These findings suggest that HSCAS-1 and HSCAS-3 are equal in their ability to protect against the toxicity of AF. Although these compounds may offer a novel approach to the preventive management of aflatoxicosis in livestock and poultry, HSCAS is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of animal diets for prevention of mycotoxicosis. RP HARVEY, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 0 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 6 IS 1 BP 88 EP 92 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MZ822 UT WOS:A1994MZ82200014 PM 8011787 ER PT J AU SALIKI, JT BROWN, CC HOUSE, JA DUBOVI, EJ AF SALIKI, JT BROWN, CC HOUSE, JA DUBOVI, EJ TI DIFFERENTIAL IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STAINING OF PESTE-DES-PETITS-RUMINANTS AND RINDERPEST ANTIGENS IN FORMALIN-FIXED, PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED TISSUES USING MONOCLONAL AND POLYCLONAL ANTIBODIES SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Note RP SALIKI, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSECP SERV,VET SERV,NALT VET SERV LABS,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 6 IS 1 BP 96 EP 98 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MZ822 UT WOS:A1994MZ82200016 PM 7516718 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP HIGGINS, RJ BARR, BC SPANGLER, WL KOLLIN, B JORGENSEN, LS AF DUBEY, JP HIGGINS, RJ BARR, BC SPANGLER, WL KOLLIN, B JORGENSEN, LS TI SARCOCYSTIS-ASSOCIATED MENINGOENCEPHALOMYELITIS IN A CAT SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Note RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC E,LIVESTOCK POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 6 IS 1 BP 118 EP 120 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MZ822 UT WOS:A1994MZ82200025 PM 8011769 ER PT J AU NEW, JC DELOZIER, K BARTON, CE MORRIS, PJ POTGIETER, LND AF NEW, JC DELOZIER, K BARTON, CE MORRIS, PJ POTGIETER, LND TI A SEROLOGIC SURVEY OF SELECTED VIRAL AND BACTERIAL DISEASES OF EUROPEAN WILD HOGS, GREAT-SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL-PARK, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE WILD HOGS; SUS SCROFA; SWINE BRUCELLOSIS; PSEUDORABIES; PORCINE PARVOVIRUS; LEPTOSPIROSIS ID SWINE AB Blood samples were collected from 108 wild hogs (Sus scrofa) from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), USA, February to July 1990. We found no antibodies for swine brucellosis, pseudorabies, bovine virus diarrhea virus or porcine rotavirus infection. Antibody titers to porcine parvovirus were found in 15 (14%) samples and antibody to one or more leptospiral serovars was found in 48 (44%) samples. Thirty-nine (89%) of the 44 positive samples reacted to all five leptospiral serovars tested. C1 GREAT SMOKY MTS NATL PK,DIV RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & SCI,GATLINBURG,TN 37738. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NASHVILLE,TN 37222. SAN DIEGO ZOO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92112. RP NEW, JC (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,COLL VET MED,DEPT ENVIRONM PRACTICE,BOX 1071,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901, USA. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 30 IS 1 BP 103 EP 106 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MU483 UT WOS:A1994MU48300018 PM 8151810 ER PT J AU JAKUBAS, WJ GARROTT, RA WHITE, PJ MERTENS, DR AF JAKUBAS, WJ GARROTT, RA WHITE, PJ MERTENS, DR TI FIRE-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF LODGEPOLE PINE BARK SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ALLELOCHEMICALS; CERVUS-ELAPHUS; ELK; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FIRE ECOLOGY; LODGEPOLE PINE; NUTRITION; PINUS-CONTORTA; SECONDARY METABOLITES; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; WYOMING ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; SECONDARY METABOLITES; CARRYING-CAPACITY; FOOD SELECTION; NATIONAL-PARK; ELK; WINTER; HABITAT; MOOSE; BEHAVIOR AB Extensive lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests in the Madison River drainage of Yellowstone National Park were burned in 1988. Winter feeding behavior of 24 radio-collared cow elk (Cervus elaphus) in the Madison River drainage indicated widespread consumption of burned lodgepole pine bark. Following fires, forage availability and composition may be enhanced for ungulates; however, it has not been determined if burned vegetation is an important temporary forage. We hypothesized that fire improved the nutritional quality of bark thus creating an additional food source for elk. To determine the nutritional quality of bark we analyzed burned and unburned lodgepole pine bark for secondary metabolites, nutrients, and digestibility. Burned bark was >2 times (P = 0.049) as digestible as live bark in 96-hour in vitro digestion trials. Overall levels of phenolic glycosides, monoterpenes, and diterpene resin acids were lower (P < 0.001) in burned bark than in bark from live trees, and burned bark contained more (P < 0.001) crude protein than bark from live trees. Neutral detergent fiber in burned bark was greater-than-or-equal-to 4 times as digestible as that in live trees (P = 0.107); however, the digestibility of neutral detergent solubles was similar (P = 0.686) among all barks and lower than predicted. Burned bark did not diff er (P > 0.05) in its chemical composition or digestibility from the bark of dead, unburned trees. Low levels of plant secondary metabolites in dead and burned bark may explain why elk and insects preferentially use these trees. Overall, burned bark is a low quality food compared with other winter forages. Consumption of burned bark by elk may be related more to the efficiency with which they can obtain the bark than to its nutritional quality. We hypothesize that the 1988 fire removed a barrier to wider use of lodgepole pine by elk by reducing the levels of plant secondary metabolites in the bark. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR ENVIRONM TOXICOL,STEENBOCK LIB B157,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT WILDLIFE ECOL,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,226 RUSSELL LABS,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 57 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 1 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.2307/3809546 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MW306 UT WOS:A1994MW30600005 ER PT J AU COOK, JG IRWIN, LL BRYANT, LD THOMAS, JW AF COOK, JG IRWIN, LL BRYANT, LD THOMAS, JW TI FECAL NITROGEN AND DIETARY QUALITY RELATIONSHIPS IN JUVENILE ELK SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CERVUS-ELAPHUS; DIETARY QUALITY; ELK; FECAL NITROGEN; JUVENILES; NUTRITION; OREGON ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; DEFENDING PLANTS; MULE DEER; GROWTH; PROTEIN; INDEXES; LACTATION; RUMINANTS; REDUCTION; TANNINS AB Dietary quality influences growth and condition of juvenile ruminants. Fecal nitrogen potentially provides a noninvasive measure of dietary quality, but fecal nitrogen-dietary relationships in juvenile ruminants are unknown. We used 6 hand-reared juvenile elk (Cervus elaphus) to investigate relationships between fecal nitrogen and milk intake, solid food intake, and nutrient content of solid food during the first 6 months of life. Fecal nitrogen declined from 4.2%, before consumption of solid food began, to 2.2% when solid food made up 80% of total daily intake in late summer. Fecal nitrogen was not related (P > 0.05) to milk consumption in calves consuming only milk. After solid food consumption began, relationships between fecal nitrogen and dietary quality were confounded by growth and development of the alimentary tract and dietary shifts from milk to solid food. Fecal nitrogen should not be used as an index of dietary quality for juvenile elk during summer and fall. C1 NATL COUNCIL PAPER IND AIR & STREAM IMPROVEMENT INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97339. PACIFIC NW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,LA GRANDE,OR 97850. RP COOK, JG (reprint author), NATL COUNCIL PAPER IND AIR & STREAM IMPROVEMENT INC,POB 122,LA GRANDE,OR 97850, USA. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 1 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.2307/3809547 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MW306 UT WOS:A1994MW30600006 ER PT J AU ZHAO, LW GRIGGS, BF CHEN, CL GRATZL, JS HSE, CY AF ZHAO, LW GRIGGS, BF CHEN, CL GRATZL, JS HSE, CY TI UTILIZATION OF SOFTWOOD KRAFT LIGNIN AS ADHESIVE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF RECONSTITUTED WOOD SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Reaction conditions for hydroxymethylation of pine kraft lignin (KL) were optimized by kinetic studies of the reaction. Characterization of the resulting hydroxymethylated kraft lignin (HMKL) indicated that about 0.36 mole of the - CH2OH/C9 unit was introduced into the lignin under the optimal reaction conditions, of which about 0.33 mole was introduced into C-5 of guaiacyl moieties via Lederer-Manasse reaction. This result was confirmed by C-13-NMR spectrum of C-13 enriched HMKL prepared from KL and (CH2O)-C-13 (about 7 atomic %) under the same reaction conditions. Lignin-phenolic resins were formulated by blending the HMKL with phenol-formaldehyde (PF). A 50/50 blending of HMKL/PF resulted in a bond strength of about 65 psi in laboratory boards made with sweetgum flakes. In general, bond strength increased with an increase in the PF. Studies on effects of process and wood variables indicate that such resin could yield satisfactory boards made with red oak, black gum, red maple, post oak and sweetgum flakes with: (a) hot press temperature of 410-degrees-F, (b) hot press time of 8 minutes, and (c) minimum resin content of 5 %. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. RP ZHAO, LW (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 12 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 1994 VL 14 IS 1 BP 127 EP 145 DI 10.1080/02773819408003090 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA NC387 UT WOS:A1994NC38700008 ER PT J AU AGARWAL, UP ATALLA, RH AF AGARWAL, UP ATALLA, RH TI RAMAN SPECTRAL FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH CHROMOPHORES IN HIGH-YIELD PULPS SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALLS; MICROPROBE; LIGNIN AB High-yield pulp chromophores are not easily analysed. In Raman spectroscopic studies, advantage can be taken of the fact that chromophores absorb visible light, and they are therefore expected to result in manifestation of the resonance Raman effect. In this effect, the Raman scattering coefficient depends upon the wavelength used to excite the spectrum. The contribution of chromophores in the spectra of mechanical pulps was identified by recording Raman spectra excited at two different wavelengths (514.5 and 647.1 nm). In these spectra, the intensities of certain bands and the band width of the 1595 cm-1 band changed when the wavelength of excitation was changed. These changes were clear evidence of the presence of the chromophores and useful indicators of the extent to which the chromophores were present in the mechanical pulps. Spectral contributions due to chromophores were found at 1120, 1595, 1620, and 1654 cm-1. Raman studies of bleached pulps were consistent with these observations and indicated that chromophores were not completely removed by the bleaching processes. RP AGARWAL, UP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 1994 VL 14 IS 2 BP 227 EP 241 DI 10.1080/02773819408003095 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA NN258 UT WOS:A1994NN25800004 ER PT S AU KNAPP, RD HUTCHENS, TW AF KNAPP, RD HUTCHENS, TW BE Hutchens, TW Rumball, SV Lonnerdal, B TI MATERNAL LACTOFERRIN IN THE URINE OF PRETERM INFANTS - EVIDENCE FOR RETENTION OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION SO LACTOFERRIN: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Lactoferrin - Structure and Function CY SEP 19-24, 1992 CL HONOLULU, HI SP MEAD JOHNSONMORINAGA MILK IND, NEW ZEALAND DAIRY BOARD, ROSS LABS, SEMPER DMV SMR, SNOW BRAND MILK PROD, WEI CHUAN FOODS, WYETH AYERST LABS, NICHD C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-44734-7 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1994 VL 357 BP 177 EP 181 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BC72G UT WOS:A1994BC72G00017 PM 7762429 ER PT S AU ZHAO, XY HUTCHENS, TW AF ZHAO, XY HUTCHENS, TW BE Hutchens, TW Rumball, SV Lonnerdal, B TI PROPOSED MECHANISMS FOR THE INVOLVEMENT OF LACTOFERRIN IN THE HYDROLYSIS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS SO LACTOFERRIN: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Lactoferrin - Structure and Function CY SEP 19-24, 1992 CL HONOLULU, HI SP MEAD JOHNSONMORINAGA MILK IND, NEW ZEALAND DAIRY BOARD, ROSS LABS, SEMPER DMV SMR, SNOW BRAND MILK PROD, WEI CHUAN FOODS, WYETH AYERST LABS, NICHD C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,PROT STRUCT LAB,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-44734-7 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1994 VL 357 BP 271 EP 278 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BC72G UT WOS:A1994BC72G00030 PM 7539205 ER PT J AU ROTH, GS JOSEPH, JA AF ROTH, GS JOSEPH, JA TI AGE-RELATED-CHANGES IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF THE DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Novel Treatment of Age-related Brain Disorders CY SEP 09-11, 1993 CL HEIDELBERG, GERMANY DE AGING; DOPAMINE RECEPTORS; TRANSCRIPTION; TRANSLATION NEURONAL LOSS ID MESSENGER-RNA; BLOCKADE; N-ETHOXYCARBONYL-2-ETHOXY-1,2-DIHYDROQUINOLINE; RECEPTORS; RECOVERY; NEURONS AB Loss of striatal dopamine receptors is a major cause of decreased motor control and a robust biomarker of aging. Mechanisms of receptor loss include both neuronal death and decreased expression of receptor genes at the transcriptional and translational levels. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA ARS,HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP ROTH, GS (reprint author), NIA,FRANCIS SCOTT KEY MED CTR,GERONTOL RES CTR,CELLULAR & MOLEC BIOL LAB,BALTIMORE,MD 21224, USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PY 1994 VL 55 IS 25-26 BP 2031 EP 2035 DI 10.1016/0024-3205(94)00383-1 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA PU540 UT WOS:A1994PU54000008 PM 7997062 ER PT J AU XU, ZD DAI, BS DHRUVA, B SINGH, P AF XU, ZD DAI, BS DHRUVA, B SINGH, P TI GASTRIN GENE-EXPRESSION IN HUMAN COLON-CANCER CELLS MEASURED BY A SIMPLE COMPETITIVE PCR METHOD SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MESSENGER-RNA; GASTROINTESTINAL HORMONES; INVITRO GROWTH; LINES; SOMATOSTATIN; SEQUENCE; DNA AB Gastrin is mitogenic for several colon cancers and is postulated as an autocrine growth factor for colon cancer cells. In the present study we report the development of a simple competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for measuring relative abundance of gastrin gene expression in colon cancer cells. Primers flanking exons 2 and 3 of the gastrin gene were utilized for co-amplification of cDNA and genomic DNA. The amplification of genomic DNA was distinguished from that of cDNA by the presence of the 130 bp intron sequence which was resolved by electrophoresis on agarose gels. A standard reaction of competitive PCR, using known concentrations of genomic DNA and cDNA, was first established. The steady state levels of gastrin mRNA were next quantitated in three human colon cancer cell lines (HCT-116, Cole-205 and DLD-1) by competitive PCR. Gastrin mRNA levels in these cell lines ranged from similar to 0.1 to 1.0 fmoles/mg total RNA (similar to 2-25 copies of gastrin mRNA per cell). Thus low to moderate levels of gastrin were expressed by human colon cancer cell lines which may function as autocrine growth factors for colon cancers. C1 UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT ANAT & NEUROSCI,GALVESTON,TX 77555. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 38651] NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PY 1994 VL 54 IS 10 BP 671 EP 678 DI 10.1016/0024-3205(94)00550-8 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA MV718 UT WOS:A1994MV71800005 PM 7509020 ER PT J AU KRAELING, RR ESTIENNE, MJ BARB, CR RAMPACEK, GB AF KRAELING, RR ESTIENNE, MJ BARB, CR RAMPACEK, GB TI PROLACTIN SECRETION AFTER BROMOCRYPTINE IN THE HYPOPHYSEAL STALK-TRANSECTED GILT SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE PROLACTIN; BROMOCRYPTINE; HYPOPHYSEAL STALK-TRANSECTED; THYROTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ID THYROTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; TRANSIENT DOPAMINE ANTAGONISM; ANTERIOR-PITUITARY GLAND; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; OVARIECTOMIZED GILTS; PLASMA PROLACTIN; GROWTH-HORMONE; PIGS; GONADOTROPIN; PROGESTERONE AB Blood samples were collected by jugular vein cannula from 6 hypophysial stalk-transected (HST) and 4 intact (INTACT) crossbred gilts at 0800, 0830 and 0900 h. Immediately after the 0900 h sample, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) was injected i.v. to determine anterior pituitary gland response via release of prolactin (PRL). Blood was collected every 15 min for 1 h and every 30 min for an additional 2 h. All gilts received the dopamine (DA) agonist, bromocryptine (CB-154), s.c. at 1600 h and blood sampling and TRH challenge was repeated beginning at 0800 h the next day. Mean serum PRL concentration at 0800, 0830 and 0900 h was termed basal PRL for each day. Before CB-154, basal PRL for HST gilts was greater (P<.01) than for INTACT gilts, whereas, after CB-154, TRH caused peak secretion of PRL of similar magnitude within 15 minutes in both HST and INTACT gilts; PRL decreased to basal concentration by 120 min after TRH in bot groups. However, after CB-154, PRL response to TRH was blunted similarly in all gilts. These results indicate that suppression of DA pathways is an antecedent to the physiological mechanism by which a secretagogue, such as TRH, stimulates PRL secretion in the intact pig. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGR,PRINCESS ANNE,MD 21853. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP KRAELING, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PY 1994 VL 54 IS 22 BP 1681 EP 1685 DI 10.1016/0024-3205(94)00608-3 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA NH399 UT WOS:A1994NH39900005 PM 8177009 ER PT S AU SPANIER, AM STANGELO, AJ GRIMM, CC MILLER, JA AF SPANIER, AM STANGELO, AJ GRIMM, CC MILLER, JA BE Ho, CT Hartman, TG TI RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE TO THE PRODUCTION OF LIPID VOLATILES FROM BEEF SO LIPIDS IN FOOD FLAVORS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Lipids in Food Flavors, at the 205th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 28-APR 02, 1993 CL DENVER, CO SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM ID MEAT FLAVOR; PROTEINS AB Analysis of flavor volatiles is typically performed by gas chromatography utilizing variously coated columns for separation. This method is fraught with many potential problems such as artifacts that arise due to the amount of water contained in the sample, the preparation and end-point cooking temperature of the sample, the temperature used to sparge the volatiles from the sample, and the capillary oven temperature and rate of elution or retention of the volatiles on the capillary column. This paper presents data demonstrating the effect of end-point cooking temperature and sparging/purging temperature on the development of volatile profiles in cooked/stored beef. Both types of heating produced different volatile profiles. Based on these data, the manuscript describes how various analytical methods can lead to potentially faulty impressions of the true perceivable meat flavor volatiles when the temperature parameters are not fully considered. RP SPANIER, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2922-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1994 VL 558 BP 78 EP 97 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BB42J UT WOS:A1994BB42J00006 ER PT S AU BAILEY, ME SUZUKI, J FERNANDO, LN SWARTZ, HA PURCHAS, RW AF BAILEY, ME SUZUKI, J FERNANDO, LN SWARTZ, HA PURCHAS, RW BE Ho, CT Hartman, TG TI INFLUENCE OF FINISHING DIETS ON LAMB FLAVOR SO LIPIDS IN FOOD FLAVORS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Lipids in Food Flavors, at the 205th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 28-APR 02, 1993 CL DENVER, CO SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM ID MEAT FLAVOR; GROUND-BEEF; MUTTON; STEERS AB Headspace gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GLC-MS) was used to analyze volatiles from fat of lambs finished on various diets in New Zealand and Missouri. Sensory analysis of ground lamb was used to quantitate ''strong'', ''grassy'' and ''lamby'' flavors. Sensory scores for all these attributes were lower in samples from corn-finished animals than in those from forage-finished animals. Radish top-fed lamb had lower flavor intensity than lamb finished on ryegrass and clover, and lamb from animals finished on blackeye (cowpea) forage had less grassy flavor than lamb finished on alfalfa or grass. Strong flavor, which was a combination of grassy flavor and lamby flavor, was statistically related to diterpenoid and aldehyde contents; grassy flavor was related to diterpenoid and acid contents; and lamby flavor was related to aldehyde, ketone and acid contents. Animals finished on the various diets could beseparatedintoclasses by discriminant and canonical statistical analyses of the volatile compound data from GLC-MS analyses. C1 SODA AROMAT CO,NODA,CHIBA 27002,JAPAN. LINCOLN UNIV,USDA,DEPT COOPERAT RES,JEFFERSON CITY,MO 65101. MASSEY UNIV,DEPT SHEEP HUSB,PALMERSTON NORTH,NEW ZEALAND. RP BAILEY, ME (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,21 AGR BLDG,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2922-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1994 VL 558 BP 170 EP 185 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BB42J UT WOS:A1994BB42J00012 ER PT J AU AABLOO, A FRENCH, AD AF AABLOO, A FRENCH, AD TI PRELIMINARY POTENTIAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS OF CELLULOSE I-ALPHA CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE SO MACROMOLECULAR THEORY AND SIMULATIONS LA English DT Article ID MM3 FORCE-FIELD; PACKING ANALYSIS; POLYSACCHARIDES AB Packing energy calculations were used to evaluate various models of Ia cellulose, based on unit cell dimensions proposed by Sugiyama et al. Both a rigid-ring method, PLMR, and a full-optimization molecular mechanics technique, MM3, were used. The model found to be best with both methods was packed ''up'' (the z coordinate of O5 is greater than that of C5); O6 atoms were in tg positions, forming sheets of hydrogen bonded chains. With the PLMR program, the energy of the best model was almost 3 kcal/mol lower than the second best model. The MM3 studies also showed substantially higher energies for the alternative models. Also, some alternative PLMR models had substantially higher atomic movement during MM3 optimization. C1 USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. TARTU UNIV,DEPT SOLID STATE PHYS,TARTU 2400,ESTONIA. RI Aabloo, Alvo/C-5639-2011; Aabloo, Alvo/G-9396-2015 OI Aabloo, Alvo/0000-0002-0183-1282; Aabloo, Alvo/0000-0002-0183-1282 NR 12 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU HUTHIG & WEPF VERLAG PI BASEL PA AUF DEM WOLF 4 FX#001-41-61-317-94-11, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-1344 J9 MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL JI Macromol. Theory Simul. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 3 IS 1 BP 185 EP 191 DI 10.1002/mats.1994.040030115 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA MX019 UT WOS:A1994MX01900014 ER PT J AU MICALES, JA AF MICALES, JA TI INDUCTION OF OXALIC-ACID BY CARBOHYDRATE AND NITROGEN-SOURCES IN THE BROWN-ROT FUNGUS POSTIA-PLACENTA SO MATERIAL UND ORGANISMEN LA English DT Article DE WOOD DECAY; BROWN-ROT FUNGI; OXALIC ACID; BASIDIOMYCETES; CELLULOSE; HEMICELLULOSE; POSTIA-PLACENTA ID SCLEROTIUM-ROLFSII; DECAY; WOOD AB Brown-rot wood decay fungi rapidly depolymerize the cellulose of wood, leading to strength losses early in the decay process. The exact role of oxalic acid in this process is unclear. One hypothesis is that oxalic acid rapidly reduces the pH of sound wood during incipient decay, leading to early acid hydrolysis and depolymerization of hemicellulose and amorphous cellulose. The resultant increase in wood porosity allows enzymes and other degrading agents access to the cellulose. In this study, under in vitro conditions, oxalic acid production was stimulated by low nitrogen conditions and the presence of glucose, certain glucose polymers, mannose, acetic acid, and certain uronic acids. The release of glucomannan, acetic and uronic acids from hemicellulose early in the decay process, combined with the low nitrogen conditions found in wood, should greatly stimulate the production of oxalic acid by the fungus, thus lowering the pH of the wood rapidly in a self-potentiating system. As decay progressed, oxalic acid would continue to be induced by the release of glucose from cellulose. RP MICALES, JA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU DUNCKER & HUMBLOT GMBH PI BERLIN 41 PA POSTFACH 41 03 29 DIETRICH-SCHAFER-WEG 9, W-1000 BERLIN 41, GERMANY SN 0025-5270 J9 MATER ORGANISMEN JI Mater. Org. PY 1994 VL 28 IS 3 BP 197 EP 207 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA PR619 UT WOS:A1994PR61900002 ER PT J AU COE, EH POLACCO, M YERK, G BYRNE, PF AF COE, EH POLACCO, M YERK, G BYRNE, PF TI GENETIC DATA AND GENETIC-MAPPING - SOME CURRENT PERSPECTIVES SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE MAIZE; MAIZE-DB; GENOME; DATABASE; GENE DESCRIPTIONS; MUTANTS; MAPPING ID ORANGE PERICARP; MAIZE; PROGRAM AB Genetic and biotechnological knowledge in maize, and its applications, will be enhanced by prompt availability of data in personal databases and in the Maize Genome Database. Guidelines are offered for systematic documentation of descriptions for mutant variations (i.e., stages affected, body parts, and expressions), and of mapping data. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP COE, EH (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,CURTIS HALL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1994 VL 39 IS 1 BP 47 EP 51 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NK329 UT WOS:A1994NK32900007 ER PT J AU KINDIGER, B AF KINDIGER, B TI A METHOD TO ENHANCE GERMINATION OF EASTERN GAMAGRASS SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE GERMINATION; TRIPSACUM; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE ID SEED AB Present recommended stratification procedures for the germination of eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides, L.) fail to provide consistent and uniform results. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of our present laboratory germination procedures and the traditional field stratification procedure on seed germination. Samples treated with 30% H2O2 for 2 hours were observed to have superior germination values with frequencies in the range of 44 to 80%. Comparison of germination frequencies between 30% H2O2 treated seed and wet-cold stratified seed yielded similar results. Seed treated with 30% H2O2 typically demonstrated an average 40-45.5% increase in germination over the other treatments during the 14 day evaluation period. RP KINDIGER, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,2000 18TH ST,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. OI Kindiger, Bryan/0000-0002-2938-3653 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1994 VL 39 IS 1 BP 53 EP 56 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NK329 UT WOS:A1994NK32900008 ER PT J AU RABOY, V JURICA, MS PICKETT, SG AF RABOY, V JURICA, MS PICKETT, SG TI REVERSION RATE BUT NOT EXCISION RATE IS REDUCED IN BZ-M13 CS17 SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE DSPM; BRONZE1; EXCISION RATE; REVERSION RATE ID TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT SYSTEM; MAIZE P-GENE; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; ZEA-MAYS; INTRAGENIC TRANSPOSITION; ALLELE; INSERTION; LOCUS; FREQUENCY AB The variegated phenotype of a given transposable element (TE) insertion mutation in maize (Zea mays L.) reflects the timing and frequency of excision of the TE from its host gene. Here we describe a ''change-in state'' (CS) derivative of bz-m13, termed CS17 Structural analyses indicate that both alleles of the bronze1 (bz1) gene contain an identical 2.24 kb defective Suppressor-mutator (dSpm) insertion in the Bz-McC2 allele, and that CS17 differs from bz-m13 only in a 5 bp deletion immediately 3' of the insertion. In the presence of Spm, aleurone revertant sector size is reduced in CS17 as compared with bz-m13. However, molecular assays of somatic excision yield similar results for these two alleles. Also, germinal excision rates are similar but germinal reversion is reduced in CS17 as compared with bz-m13. This illustrates that in cases where TE excision can give rise to both stable gene function (reversion) or non-function (recessive or null phenotype), the size of a revertant sector or number of germinal revertants is a function of both the frequency and timing of excision and the probability that a given excision event will be a reversion. RP RABOY, V (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1994 VL 39 IS 1 BP 57 EP 64 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NK329 UT WOS:A1994NK32900009 ER PT J AU BURKHART, S KINDIGER, B WRIGHT, A AF BURKHART, S KINDIGER, B WRIGHT, A TI FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION OF OIL FROM THE CARYOPSIS OF TRIPSACUM-DACTYLOIDES SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE FATTY ACID; OIL QUALITY; TRIPSACUM-DACTYLOIDES ID EASTERN GAMAGRASS AB The potential for development of Tripsacum species as a perennial grain crop would be enhanced if the capacity exists for producing breeding material of high seed oil quality. The fatty acid (FA) composition of 23 accessions of Eastern Gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides, var. dactyloides) was investigated. Oil samples were converted to fatty acid methyl esters and analyzed by gas chromatography. Overall composition of the seed oil had several desirable characteristics, including low levels of saturated FAs, high levels of linoleic acid (a polyunsaturated FA) and oleic acid (a monounsaturated FA), as well as low levels of linolenic acid (a FA responsible for flavor reversion). Significant variation between accessions was observed for all traits, indicating that a breeding program for varieties of various FA compositions would likely be successful. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,WOODWARD,OK 73801. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. OI Kindiger, Bryan/0000-0002-2938-3653 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1994 VL 39 IS 1 BP 65 EP 68 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NK329 UT WOS:A1994NK32900010 ER PT J AU JOHAL, GS LEE, EA CLOSE, PS COE, EH NEUFFER, MG BRIGGS, SP AF JOHAL, GS LEE, EA CLOSE, PS COE, EH NEUFFER, MG BRIGGS, SP TI A TALE OF 2 MIMICS - TRANSPOSON MUTAGENESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 2 DISEASE LESION MIMIC MUTATIONS OF MAIZE SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE MUTATIONS; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; MUTATOR; ZEA-MAYS; HYPERSENSITIVE REACTION; CELL DEATH ID RESISTANCE GENES AB Two genes, lls1 (lethal leaf spot) and Les*-2552, which are involved in the disease lesion mimic phenomenon in maize, have been tagged with the Mutator (Mu) system of transposable elements. Seven tagged alleles of lls1, recessive mutations of which mimic disease lesions caused by Helminthosporium carbonum race 1, have been isolated by both targeted and random mutagenesis approaches with Mu. Two of these mutants are unstable and display a mutable phenotype that is reminiscent of the excision pattern typical of Mu. Rarely, large (early) revertant sectors have been detected, and a tagging strategy based on the use of revertant somatic sectors is being developed. The gene Les+-2552 is characterized by dominant mutations, which mimic a key defense mechanism of plants to pathogens, the hypersensitive reaction (HR). Seventeen, independent mutant alleles of Les+-2552 have been recovered from Mu active populations. Like lls1, a number of them are mutable, showing a reversion pattern characteristic of Mu excision. A number of these mutants have been outcrossed 3-4 times, which should allow Mu elements that have caused these mutations to be readily identified by cosegregation analysis. In addition, Les-2552 was mapped to the short arm of chromosome 1, and factors- influencing its expression as well as its interaction with lls1 were studied. C1 PIONEER HI BRED INT INC,DEPT BIOTECHNOL RES,JOHNSTON,IA 50131. UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP JOHAL, GS (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1994 VL 39 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA NK329 UT WOS:A1994NK32900011 ER PT J AU ZENG, Z SACHS, MM AF ZENG, Z SACHS, MM TI INTRAGENIC RECOMBINATION AMONG ALLELES OF THE ADH1 GENE IN MAIZE SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE; INTRAGENIC RECOMBINATION; EVOLUTION; PHYLOGENY; RFLP ID ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; POPULATION-GENETICS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; POLLEN; DNA AB Blockage of intragenic recombination between two alleles of the maize adh1 gene has been reported. These alleles, namely Adh1+1F and Adh1+1S, encode fast and slow electrophoretic ADH1 allozymes, respectively. A potential intragenic recombinant between 1F-like and 1S-like alleles tvas identified by restriction endonuclease analysis of thirty six different homologous chromosomal segments (haplotypes) that contain the adh1 locus. This haplotypic pattern was labeled Adh1+2S since it encodes an ADH1 protein that has a slow electrophoretic mobility. This pattern was found in the maize lines Mo20 and 54S. The 5' end restriction pat tern of the Adh1+2S haplotype closely resembles that observed in the Adh1+1F haplotype, while the majority of its 3' end restriction sites were shared by that found in the Adh1+1S haplotype. This highly nonrandom distribution pattern implies a genetic exchange between segments of DNA related to these mio well-characterized Adh1 alleles (1F and 1S). Phylogenetic analyses of the 5' and 3' end data also indicate that the two flanking regions of the 2S haplotype have different evolutionary histories. C1 USDA ARS,MWA,CTR MAIZE GENET COOPERAT STOCK,PLANT PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT CELL BIOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1994 VL 39 IS 4 BP 265 EP 272 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA QF636 UT WOS:A1994QF63600004 ER PT J AU STINARD, PS AF STINARD, PS TI THE BROWN1 (BRN1) LOCUS OF MAIZE (ZEA-MAYS L) SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE ZEA MAYS; BROWN PIGMENTS; ENDOSPERM MUTATIONS; ALEURONE COLOR; SEEDLING LETHALS ID TRANSLOCATIONS AB A newly discovered genetic locus in maize: brown1 (brn1) is described. The reference mutant allele, brn1-R, conditions brown aleurone and endosperm, as well as seedling lethality, and behaves as a Mendelian recessive. brn1 maps 7 centimorgans distal to cr1 on the long arm of chromosome 3. The brown pigment present in mutant aleurones and endosperms is not an anthocyanin or carotenoid, but may be a product of oxidation of some cell component; its exact identity remains unknown. Aneuploid studies performed using B-A translocations reveal that the brown pigment, a precursor, or an effector of its production, is capable of diffusing from mutant endosperms into nonmutant embryos. These studies also reveal that brn1-R is a leaky allele. Two additional mutant alleles of brn1, and their allelic interactions with brn1-R, are described. RP STINARD, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS,MWA,S123 TURNER HALL,1102 S GOODWIN,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1994 VL 39 IS 4 BP 273 EP 278 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA QF636 UT WOS:A1994QF63600005 ER PT J AU WHIPPLE, G KOOHMARAIE, M ARBONA, JR AF WHIPPLE, G KOOHMARAIE, M ARBONA, JR TI CALCIUM-CHLORIDE IN-VITRO EFFECTS ON ISOLATED MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEINS SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POSTMORTEM TENDERIZATION; OVINE CARCASSES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; IONIC-STRENGTH; CA-2+-DEPENDENT PROTEASES; LYSOSOMAL-ENZYMES; M-CALPAIN; TENDERNESS; INFUSION; ACCELERATION AB The objective of this study was to determine the effect of 30 mm CaCl2 on the solubilization of those structural proteins that contribute to myofibril stability. Ovine M. longissimus dorsi (longissimus) samples were obtained immediately post-exsanguination, myofibrils were isolated, glycerated, and frozen until needed. Myofibrils were washed, diluted and incubated in 0.1 m KCl, 10 mm Tris, pH 7.0 buffer for 24, 48 and 72 h. Treatments consisted of: (1) control, (2) mm E64, (3) 30 mm CaCl2, and (4) mm E64 + 30 mm CaCl2. Results (SDS-PAGE) indicated that myosin heavy chain (though not to a great extent), M-protein, C-protein, alpha-actinin, actin, troponin-T, tropomyosin isoforms, troponin-I and 72, 70, 62, 33, 32, 30, and 22 kDa unidentified bands were solubilized from myofibrils incubated in KCl buffer for 72 h. The addition of CaCl2 hastened the appearance of some of the proteins in the supernatant fractions, but no differences were observed at 72 h among the treatments. The addition of E64 had no effect on which proteins were released. Thus, in the absence of proteolysis it appears that a general solubilization of thick-and-thin filament ancillary proteins occurs in the presence of 30 mm CaCl2. However, the contribution to tenderness should be minimal, because solubilized proteins are not part of the cytoskeletal elements that are responsible for maintaining structural integrity of the tissue. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PY 1994 VL 38 IS 1 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1016/0309-1740(94)90102-3 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA NU196 UT WOS:A1994NU19600013 PM 22059615 ER PT J AU SHACKELFORD, SD KOOHMARAIE, M SAVELL, JW AF SHACKELFORD, SD KOOHMARAIE, M SAVELL, JW TI EVALUATION OF LONGISSIMUS-DORSI MUSCLE PH AT 3 HOURS POSTMORTEM AS A PREDICTOR OF BEEF TENDERNESS SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MEAT TENDERNESS; TEMPERATURE; FAT AB The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of beef longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) pH at 3 h post mortem (pH3) and aged LM tenderness. The cattle (n = 444) sampled for this experiment represented various breed types, sex classes, feeding regimes, and post-mortem handling practices. The phenotypic diversity of the cattle used provided a great amount of variation in Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) force (Coefficient of variation for pH, temperature, and sarcomere length measurements were much smaller than the coefficient of variation for WBS force). None of the parameters measured (LM pH at 3 and 48 h post mortem, temperature at 3 h post mortem and sarcomere length) was strongly related to tenderness. These results do not support the use of pH3 as a criterion for sorting beef carcasses into expected tenderness groups. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. TEXAS A&M UNIV,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,DEPT ANIM SCI,MEAT SCI SECT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013; Savell, Jeffrey/C-2434-2008 OI Savell, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0354-1286 NR 14 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PY 1994 VL 37 IS 2 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1016/0309-1740(94)90080-9 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA NB365 UT WOS:A1994NB36500004 PM 22059494 ER PT J AU LAKRITZ, L THAYER, DW AF LAKRITZ, L THAYER, DW TI EFFECT OF GAMMA-RADIATION ON TOTAL TOCOPHEROLS IN FRESH CHICKEN BREAST MUSCLE SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FOODS; OILS; MEAT AB Chicken breasts were irradiated in air with a Cs-137 source at 0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.6 and 10.0 kGy at 0-2-degrees-C. The fresh muscle tissue was saponified and the total tocopherols were isolated and quantitated using normal phase high performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector. Gamma irradiation of the chicken resulted in a decrease in alpha tocopherol with increasing dose. At 3 kGy and 2-degrees-C, the radiation level approved by the FDA to process poultry, there was a 6% reduction in the alpha tocopherol level. No significant changes were observed for gamma tocopherol. RP LAKRITZ, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PY 1994 VL 37 IS 3 BP 439 EP 448 DI 10.1016/0309-1740(94)90059-0 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA NH142 UT WOS:A1994NH14200012 PM 22059548 ER PT J AU KOOHMARAIE, M AF KOOHMARAIE, M TI MUSCLE PROTEINASES AND MEAT AGING SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th International Congress of Meat Science and Technology CY AUG, 1992 CL CLERMONT FERRAND, FRANCE ID BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONIST; CALCIUM-CHLORIDE INJECTION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; POSTMORTEM TENDERIZATION; MULTICATALYTIC PROTEINASE; LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; OVINE CARCASSES; MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEINS; BOS-INDICUS; TENDERNESS AB The purpose of this manuscript is to review and summarize the results of experiments conducted in our laboratory regarding the mechanism of meat tenderization during post mortem storage of carcasses at refrigerated temperatures. Clearly, the conversion of muscle to meat and the subsequent tenderization process are complex phenomena and much remains to be learned. However, current experimental data suggest that proteolysis of key myofibrillar proteins is the principal reason for improvement in meat tenderness during post mortem storage. Speculatively, the weakening and/or degradation of Z-disks and degradation of desmin (and probably degradation of titin) are responsible for the increased fragility of myofibrils during post mortem storage. There is substantial experimental evidence suggesting that the calpain proteolytic system is responsible for post mortem proteolysis that results in meat tenderization. Calpain is the only proteolytic system that has all of the characteristics that are necessary for bringing about post mortem changes that result in meat tenderization. Undoubtedly, other factors (such as rate of pH and temperature decline during rigor development, ionic strength and others) influence the process. However, we believe that the rate and extent of post mortem proteolysis best explain the observed variation in tenderness at a constant age. Therefore, research efforts should be direct toward understanding the regulation of the calpain proteolytic system in post mortem muscle. RP KOOHMARAIE, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 63 TC 269 Z9 302 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PY 1994 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1016/0309-1740(94)90036-1 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA ML557 UT WOS:A1994ML55700009 PM 22061455 ER PT J AU KLINE, DL HAGAN, DV WOOD, JR AF KLINE, DL HAGAN, DV WOOD, JR TI CULICOIDES RESPONSES TO 1-OCTEN-3-OL AND CARBON-DIOXIDE IN SALT MARSHES NEAR SEA ISLAND, GEORGIA, USA SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CULICOIDES FURENS; C-HOLLENSIS; C-MELLEUS; CERATOPOGONIDAE; BITING MIDGETS; ATTRACTANTS; REPELLENTS; SEMIOCHEMICALS; CARBON DIOXIDE; OCTENOL; COASTAL ESTUARINE; SALT-MARSH; SURVEILLANCE; CONTROL ID MALAISE TRAPS; TSETSE FLIES; DIPTERA; ATTRACTANTS; TABANIDAE; GLOSSINIDAE; COLLECTION; MOSQUITOS; ACETONE; CO2 AB The semiochemicals carbon dioxide (CO2) and 1-octen-3-ol (octenol) were evaluated as attractants at several release rates, alone and in combination, for the major coastal species of biting midges in Georgia: Culicoides furens, C. hollensis and C. melleus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). The data show that CO2 is an effective attractant for the females of all three species, but each has a different response pattern. In contrast, octenol was an effective attractant only for C. furens, either alone or in combination with CO2; octenol had a repellent effect on the other two species. The combination of octenol and CO2 had a synergistic effect on the collections of C. furens. C1 US ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL. GEORGIA SO UNIV,DEPT BIOL,STATESBORO,GA 30460. NR 19 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 8 IS 1 BP 25 EP 30 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1994.tb00379.x PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA MT584 UT WOS:A1994MT58400005 PM 8161840 ER PT J AU SCHAEFER, EJ AF SCHAEFER, EJ TI FAMILIAL LIPOPROTEIN DISORDERS AND PREMATURE CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE SO MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; PRIMARY-PREVENTION TRIAL; LDL PARTICLE-SIZE; FISH EYE DISEASE; HEART-DISEASE; C-III; COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEIN; SUBCLASS PATTERNS C1 TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DEPT MED,LIPID & HEART DIS PREVENT CLIN,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP SCHAEFER, EJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,DEPT MED,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL35243] NR 123 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0025-7125 J9 MED CLIN N AM JI Med. Clin. N. Am. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 78 IS 1 BP 21 EP 39 PG 19 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MQ372 UT WOS:A1994MQ37200003 PM 8283932 ER PT B AU BHATHENA, SJ WERMAN, MJ AF BHATHENA, SJ WERMAN, MJ BE Collery, P Poirier, LA Littlefield, NA Etienne, JC TI NUTRITIONAL INTERACTIONS OF COPPER AND CARBOHYDRATES AND THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM SO METAL IONS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, VOL 3: PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON METAL IONS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE SE METAL IONS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine CY MAY 17-21, 1994 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP US FDA, NCI, AGENCE REG RECH & DEV CHAMPAGNE ARDENNE, INT RES INST MET IONS, UNIV MONTREAL, UNIV QUEBEC, MERAM LAB C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD PI MONTROUGE PA 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE BN 2-7420-0054-2 J9 MET ION BIO PY 1994 VL 3 BP 461 EP 466 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BA81W UT WOS:A1994BA81W00079 ER PT B AU FIELDS, M LURE, MD LEWIS, CG AF FIELDS, M LURE, MD LEWIS, CG BE Collery, P Poirier, LA Littlefield, NA Etienne, JC TI THE EFFECT OF ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS ON ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEMS - INTERACTIONS WITH COPPER STATUS AND DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE SO METAL IONS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, VOL 3: PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON METAL IONS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE SE METAL IONS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine CY MAY 17-21, 1994 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP US FDA, NCI, AGENCE REG RECH & DEV CHAMPAGNE ARDENNE, INT RES INST MET IONS, UNIV MONTREAL, UNIV QUEBEC, MERAM LAB C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD PI MONTROUGE PA 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE BN 2-7420-0054-2 J9 MET ION BIO PY 1994 VL 3 BP 467 EP 472 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BA81W UT WOS:A1994BA81W00080 ER PT J AU SCHMUGGE, T JACKSON, TJ AF SCHMUGGE, T JACKSON, TJ TI MAPPING SURFACE SOIL-MOISTURE WITH MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WATER-CONTENT; EMISSION AB Water stored in the soil serves as a reservoir for the evapotranspiration (ET) process on land surfaces, therefore knowledge of the soil moisture content is important for partitioning the incoming solar radiation into latent and sensible heat components. There is no remote sensing technique which directly observes the amount of water in this reservoir, however microwave remote sensing at long wavelengths (lambda > 10 cm) can give estimates of the moisture stored in the surface 5-cm layer of the soil. This approach is based on the large dielectric contrast between water and dry soil, resulting in emissivity changes from 0.96 for a dry smooth soil to less than 0.6. In this paper, basic relationships between soil moisture and emissivity are described using both theory and observations from various platforms. The ability of the approach to be extended to large regions has been demonstrated in several aircraft mapping experiments, e.g., FIFE, Monsoon 90, Washita 92 and HAPEX Sahel. Some results from Monsoon 90 are presented here. Applications of these soil moisture maps in runoff prediction, rainfall estimation, determining the direct evaporation from the soil surface and serving as a boundary condition for soil profile models are presented. RP SCHMUGGE, T (reprint author), USDA,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PY 1994 VL 54 IS 1-4 BP 213 EP 223 DI 10.1007/BF01030061 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA PN896 UT WOS:A1994PN89600013 ER PT J AU PURCELL, AH SUSLOW, KG KLEIN, M AF PURCELL, AH SUSLOW, KG KLEIN, M TI TRANSMISSION VIA PLANTS OF AN INSECT PATHOGENIC BACTERIUM THAT DOES NOT MULTIPLY OR MOVE IN PLANTS SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CICADELLIDAE; HOMOPTERA AB A bacterial parasite (designated as BEV) of the leafhopper Euscelidius variegatus, which is passed transovarially to offspring, was transmitted from insect to insect via feeding of the insects in plants. The rate of bacterial infection of leafhoppers fed upon plants that had previously been exposed to BEV-infected leafhoppers declined with an increase in the time that infected leafhoppers had been off rye grass. Transmission of BEV also occurred on sugar beet and barley but not celery. The bacterium was also transmitted to and acquired from membrane-encased artificial diets. There was no evidence that the bacterium was transmitted via plant surfaces, but transmission and direct culture assays from plants indicated that the bacterium did not multiply or move within plants. This parasite-host relationship may represent a primitive stage in either the evolution of intracellular symbiosis with its insect host or to alternative parasitization of plant and insect hosts via insect transmission, as is the case for insect-vectored plant pathogens. C1 USDA,WESTERN REG RES LAB,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. VOLCANI CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. RP PURCELL, AH (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI POLICY & MANAGEMENT,201 WELLMAN,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 27 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA MY617 UT WOS:A1994MY61700002 PM 24190165 ER PT B AU SCHMUGGE, TJ JACKSON, TJ LEVINE, DM SWIFT, CT AF SCHMUGGE, TJ JACKSON, TJ LEVINE, DM SWIFT, CT BE Lurie, JB Pampaloni, P Shiue, JC TI RADIOMETER APERTURE SYNTHESIS FOR SOIL MOISTURE MAPPING SO MICROWAVE INSTRUMENTATION AND SATELLITE PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Satellite Photogrammetry and GIS/Conference on Microwave Instrumentation for Remote Sensing of the Earth CY SEP 28-30, 1994 CL ROME, ITALY SP COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, DIRECTORATE GEN SCI RES & DEV, EUROPEAN OPT SOC, SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS, CNR, ITALIAN ASSOC REMOTE SENSING C1 USDA,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1643-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1994 VL 2313 BP 136 EP 147 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BC28Z UT WOS:A1994BC28Z00015 ER PT S AU NELSON, SO FORBUS, WR LAWRENCE, KC AF NELSON, SO FORBUS, WR LAWRENCE, KC BE Iskander, MF Lauf, RJ Sutton, WH TI ASSESSMENT OF MICROWAVE PERMITTIVITY FOR DETECTING FRUIT MATURITY SO MICROWAVE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS IV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th MRS Symposium on Microwave Processing of Materials, at the 1994 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 04-08, 1994 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP MAT RES SOC C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-247-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1994 VL 347 BP 277 EP 282 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC15T UT WOS:A1994BC15T00032 ER PT S AU KRASZEWSKI, AW NELSON, SO AF KRASZEWSKI, AW NELSON, SO BE Iskander, MF Lauf, RJ Sutton, WH TI CONTACTLESS MASS DETERMINATION OF ARBITRARILY SHAPED OBJECTS BY MICROWAVE RESONATOR MEASUREMENTS SO MICROWAVE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS IV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th MRS Symposium on Microwave Processing of Materials, at the 1994 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 04-08, 1994 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP MAT RES SOC C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-247-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1994 VL 347 BP 289 EP 294 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC15T UT WOS:A1994BC15T00034 ER PT S AU FRENCH, AD MILLER, DP AF FRENCH, AD MILLER, DP BE Smith, DA TI COMPARISONS OF HYDROGEN-BONDING IN SMALL CARBOHYDRATE MOLECULES BY DIFFRACTION MM3 (92) CALCULATIONS SO MODELING THE HYDROGEN BOND SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Modeling the Hydrogen Bond, at the 206th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-27, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV COMP CHEM ID CYCLODEXTRIN INCLUSION COMPLEXES; MM3 FORCE-FIELD; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; DYNAMICS SIMULATION; MECHANICS; HEXAHYDRATE; TOPOGRAPHY; THREITOL AB The 1992 version of Allinger's molecular mechanics program has a new description of hydrogen bonding. It was tested on two acyclic 4-carbon sugar alcohols, threitol and erythritol, and on beta-D-glucose and maltose. These molecules have a variety of intra- and intermolecular O-H...O hydrogen bonds. Comparisons with diffraction evidence were achieved by construction and optimization of model. miniature (630 - 729 atoms) crystals. Despite the absence of long range interactions, such models can be used to rationalize molecular distortion arising from crystal packing, to predict lattice energies, and to determine the optimal dielectric constant. The modeling was judged by the reproduction of observed hydrogen bond geometries, especially the retention of the major and minor components of three-center hydrogen bonds. The relative energies of disordered components were also predicted. C1 D P M CONSULTING,WAVELAND,MS 39576. RP FRENCH, AD (reprint author), USDA,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2981-3 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1994 VL 569 BP 235 EP 251 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BB95X UT WOS:A1994BB95X00015 ER PT J AU TOMITA, B OHYAMA, M ITOH, A DOI, K HSE, CH AF TOMITA, B OHYAMA, M ITOH, A DOI, K HSE, CH TI ANALYSIS OF CURING PROCESS AND THERMAL-PROPERTIES OF PHENOL-UREA-FORMALDEHYDE COCONDENSED RESINS SO MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI LA English DT Article DE COCONDENSATION; PHENOL-UREA-FORMALDEHYDE; CURING PROCESS; THERMAL STABILITY AB The curing processes of resols, urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins, their mechanical blends, and phenol-urea cocondensed resins, as well as the reaction of 2,4,6-trimethylolphenol with urea, were investigated with the torsional braid analysis method. The thermal stabilities of these resins after curing also were compared. The results were as follows: (1) In the curing process of the mechanical blends under acidic conditions, it was found that the self-condensation of UF resins dominates in the initial stages, and that the curing of phenolic resin is apt to be incomplete. In alkaline curing, the blended resins require higher curing temperatures than resol, and their heat-resistances after curing generally were poor. (2) It was found that the reaction of trimethylolphenol with urea involved two stages. It was suggested that the first stage at lower temperatures is attributed to the reaction of p-methylol groups with urea residue, and that the second stage at higher temperatures is due to the reaction of o-methylol groups and urea residue. This mixture gave a resin having a great heat-resistance after completion of the reaction. (3) The curing process of the cocondensed resins also involved two stages. It was concluded that alkaline curing is better than acidic curing for these resins, and also that the heat-resistances of the cocondensed resins are superior to those of the mechanical blended resins. C1 UNIV TOKYO, FAC AGR, BUNKYO KU, TOKYO 113, JAPAN. US FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, PINEVILLE, LA 71360 USA. RP TOMITA, B (reprint author), UNIV TSUKUBA, INST AGR & FOREST ENGN, TSUKUBA, IBARAKI 305, JAPAN. NR 3 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU JAPAN WOOD RES SOC PI TOKYO PA 1-1-17, MUKOGAOKA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0023, JAPAN SN 0021-4795 EI 1880-7577 J9 MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI JI Mokuzai Gakkaishi PY 1994 VL 40 IS 2 BP 170 EP 175 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA NE384 UT WOS:A1994NE38400009 ER PT J AU XIE, YM YASUDA, S TERASHIMA, N AF XIE, YM YASUDA, S TERASHIMA, N TI SELECTIVE C-13 ENRICHMENT OF SIDE-CHAIN CARBONS OF OLEANDER LIGNIN TRACED BY C-13 NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SO MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI LA English DT Article DE LIGNIN; OLEANDER; SYRINGIN; C-13-NMR; C-13-ENRICHMENT ID C-13-NMR SPECTRA; GUAIACYL; ENRICHMENT; HARDWOODS; WOOD AB As one of the nondestructive analytical methods, carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance (C-13-NMR) spectroscopy has been used widely in lignin chemistry. However, serious difficulties were encountered in the assignments of signals of lignin carbons because of their extensive overlaps and low natural abundance of carbon 13. To overcome these difficulties, lignin precursors, specifically C-13-enriched at side chain carbons (syringin-[alpha-C-13], syringin-[beta-C-13], and syringin-[gamma-C-13]) were synthesized, and these lignin precursors were administered to cut shoots of a growing oleander (Nerium indicum Mill.) tree to prepare the lignin in which side chain carbons of syringylpropane units were enriched with carbon 13 in situ. Milled wood lignins (MWLs) were prepared from the newly formed xylems. In the C-13-NMR spectra of the C-13-enriched MWLs, enhanced signals corresponding to alpha-, beta-, and gamma-carbons of syringylpropane units, were assigned exactly and led us to an easy elucidation of the structure of oleander lignin. It was shown that syringylpropane nuits are connected with guaiacyl units through linkages including at least beta-O-4 and beta-5 bands. C1 US FOREST SERV, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. RP XIE, YM (reprint author), NAGOYA UNIV, SCH AGR, NAGOYA, AICHI 464, JAPAN. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU JAPAN WOOD RES SOC PI TOKYO PA 1-1-17, MUKOGAOKA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0023, JAPAN SN 0021-4795 EI 1880-7577 J9 MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI JI Mokuzai Gakkaishi PY 1994 VL 40 IS 2 BP 191 EP 198 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA NE384 UT WOS:A1994NE38400012 ER PT J AU FUKUSHIMA, K IMAI, T TERASHIMA, N AF FUKUSHIMA, K IMAI, T TERASHIMA, N TI HETEROGENEOUS LIGNIFICATION IN ONE-YEAR-OLD SHOOTS OF TREES .1. CHARACTERIZATION OF CELL-WALL COMPONENTS IN THE VARIOUS TISSUES OF A ONE-YEAR-OLD POPLAR SHOOT SO MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI LA English DT Article DE LIGNIN; PITH; SECONDARY XYLEM; POPLAR; THIOACIDOLYSIS ID ISOTOPE TRACER TECHNIQUE; MAGNOLIA-KOBUS DC; ULTRAVIOLET MICROSCOPY; SYRINGYL LIGNIN; MICROAUTORADIOGRAPHY; GUAIACYL; XYLEM; BIRCH; WOOD; POLYSACCHARIDES AB Chemical and histochemical analyses were made to examine the structure of lignin and carbohydrate of the pith in one-year-old shoots of a poplar (Poplus nigra L. X P. Maximowiczii A. Henry). Other tissue fractions, primary xylem, secondary xylem and bark also were investigated to be compared with the pith. It took the pith a much longer period to lignify completely compared with the secondary xylem. The syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio in the degradation products from the pith by alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation or thioacidolysis was the largest of all tissue fractions. The ratio of primary xylem (PX) was the smallest: namely, its lignin was guaiacyl rich. The lignin content of the secondary xylem was the largest, and the S/G ratio in this tissue was more than that in the primary xylem. The yield of p-hydroxybenzoic acid esterified to the pith was very small. This acid was located dominantly in the secondary xylem. The neutral sugar composition of the pith was similar to that of the secondary xylem. The content of pectic substances was small in the pith and large in the primary xylem and bark tissues. C1 USDA, FOREST SERV, FOREST PROD LAB, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. RP NAGOYA UNIV, SCH AGR SCI, NAGOYA, AICHI 46401, JAPAN. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU JAPAN WOOD RES SOC PI TOKYO PA 1-1-17, MUKOGAOKA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0023, JAPAN SN 0021-4795 EI 1880-7577 J9 MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI JI Mokuzai Gakkaishi PY 1994 VL 40 IS 9 BP 958 EP 965 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA PP244 UT WOS:A1994PP24400009 ER PT S AU NIETOSOTELO, J QUAIL, PH AF NIETOSOTELO, J QUAIL, PH BE Bowles, DJ Gilmartin, PM Knox, JP Lunt, GG TI CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CDNAS ENCODING OAT PFI - A PROTEIN THAT BINDS TO THE PEI REGION IN THE OAT PHYTOCHROME A3 GENE PROMOTER SO MOLECULAR BOTANY: SIGNALS AND THE ENVIRONMENT SE BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Symposium of the Biochemical-Society on Molecular Botany - Signals and the Environment CY 1993 CL UNIV LEEDS, LEEDS, ENGLAND HO UNIV LEEDS ID MESSENGER-RNAS; EXPRESSION; RICE; TRANSCRIPTION; PHOTOREGULATION; SEQUENCES; DOMAINS; FAMILY; MOTIF AB In monocotyledons, the expression of the oat phytochrome A gene (PHYA) is down-regulated by phytochrome itself. This autoregulatory repression is the most rapid light-induced effect on gene expression reported in plants to date. A functional analysis of the oat PHYA3 gene minimal promoter in a rice transient expression assay has identified two promoter elements, PE1 and PE3, that interact synergistically in positive regulation. We have isolated an oat cDNA clone (pO2) that encodes a DNA-binding protein that binds to the PE1 region of the oat PHYA3 gene promoter. The in vitro binding properties of the pO2-encoded protein, towards DNA probes containing either the PEI sequence or linker-substitution mutations in PE1, correlate with the activity of these DNA elements in the rice transient expression assay. These mutations are known to abolish expression of a reporter gene in vivo. Binding of these linker-substitution mutants to the pO2-encoded protein in vitro was lower by one to two orders of magnitude than the binding of the native PEI region. We suggest, therefore, that the pO2 clone may encode the putative nuclear factor, oat PF1, that is involved in positive regulation of PHYA3 by binding to PEI in vivo. pO2 encodes a 170-amino-acid-long protein that contains three repeats of the 'AT-hook' DNA-binding motif found in high mobility group I-Y (HMGI-Y) proteins. Oat PF1 is highly similar to rice PF1 and to the protein encoded by soybean cDNA SB16. They all have a strong similarity in their N-terminus to the pea H1 histone, and the presence of several AT-hook DNA-binding motifs in their C-terminal halves. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PL, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0067-8694 BN 1-85578-050-X J9 BIOCHEM SOC SYMP PY 1994 IS 60 BP 265 EP 275 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA BC12Z UT WOS:A1994BC12Z00028 ER PT B AU WELLER, DM THOMASHOW, LS AF WELLER, DM THOMASHOW, LS BE OGara, F Dowling, DN Boesten, B TI CURRENT CHALLENGES IN INTRODUCING BENEFICIAL MICROORGANISMS INTO THE RHIZOSPHERE SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY OF RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS: BIOTECHNOLOGY AND THE RELEASE OF GMOS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT BRIDGE Advanced Workshop in Biotechnology on The Molecular Ecology of Rhizosphere Bacteria CY MAR 22-APR 02, 1993 CL CORK, IRELAND SP UNIV COLL CORK C1 USDA ARS,ROOT DIS & BIOL CONTROL RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 0 TC 105 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 4 PU V C H VERLAGSGESELLSCHAFT PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, W-6940 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 3-527-30052-X PY 1994 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1002/9783527615810.ch1 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BC15V UT WOS:A1994BC15V00001 ER PT S AU FRANCE, LL PIATTI, PG TOTH, I NEWMAN, JFE BROWN, F AF FRANCE, LL PIATTI, PG TOTH, I NEWMAN, JFE BROWN, F BE Kumosinski, TF Liebman, MN TI MODELING BIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT PEPTIDES USING CIRCULAR-DICHROISM WITH SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SO MOLECULAR MODELING: FROM VIRTUAL TOOLS TO REAL PROBLEMS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Molecular Modeling - From Virtual Tools to Real Problems, at the 205th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 28-APR 02, 1993 CL DENVER, CO SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM ID MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; OCCURRING AMINO-ACIDS; PROTEIN; PREDICTION; STABILITY; SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; ABSORPTION; SELECTION; ANTIGENS AB Five antigenic variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus, serotype A12, differ only at positions 148 and 153 in the viral capsid protein VP1. The structural properties of immunogenic synthetic peptides corresponding to residues 141-160 of VP1 have been investigated using UV circular dichroism (CD) and high temperature molecular dynamics. Results indicate that the structures of these peptides are relatively insensitive to substitutions at residue 153, except for Pro, but highly sensitive to the difference between Phe and Leu at residue 148. Molecular models suggest that Pro-153 induces an inverse gamma-turn at residues 152-154, and that Leu-148 induces a type II' beta-turn at residues 148-151. These results correlate well with serological data, and suggest that alpha-helix formation plays a dominant role in antigen-antibody interactions for this virus. C1 UNIV LONDON,SCH PHARM,DEPT PHARMACEUT CHEM,LONDON WC1N 1AX,ENGLAND. RP FRANCE, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3042-0 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1994 VL 576 BP 45 EP 60 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology; Mathematics, Applied SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Mathematics GA BB96A UT WOS:A1994BB96A00004 ER PT S AU KUMOSINSKI, TF UNRUH, JJ AF KUMOSINSKI, TF UNRUH, JJ BE Kumosinski, TF Liebman, MN TI GLOBAL-SECONDARY-STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF PROTEINS IN SOLUTION - RESOLUTION-ENHANCED DECONVOLUTION FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY IN WATER SO MOLECULAR MODELING: FROM VIRTUAL TOOLS TO REAL PROBLEMS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Molecular Modeling - From Virtual Tools to Real Problems, at the 205th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 28-APR 02, 1993 CL DENVER, CO SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM ID QUANTITATIVE IR SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; VIBRATIONAL CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; DOORWAY-STATE THEORY; AMIDE-I; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; PEPTIDE COMPOUNDS; ABSORPTION-BANDS; H2O SOLUTIONS; SUBSTRUCTURE LIBRARY; STATISTICAL-ANALYSES AB Previous studies comparing the global secondary (2 degrees) structure of proteins by Fourier deconvolution FTIR were performed in D2O. D2O however increases hydrophobic interactions leading to spurious 2 degrees structural changes. We have now performed FITR experiments in H2O on globular proteins with varying amounts and types of 2 degrees structure. A method has been developed to increase the sensitivity of the analysis of these FTIR spectra. Calculation of the component 2 degrees structural vibrational bands was accomplished by fitting both amide I and amide II envelopes by nonlinear regression analysis. The method entails fitting of: Fourier deconvoluted spectra, second derivative spectra, and refits of the component bands to the original spectra. Criteria for acceptance of the analysis was that the fractional areas from all three methods were in agreement. Results show good agreement with known X-ray crystallographic structures, and allow prediction of 2 degrees structures for non-crystallizable proteins. RP KUMOSINSKI, TF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3042-0 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1994 VL 576 BP 71 EP 98 PG 28 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology; Mathematics, Applied SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Mathematics GA BB96A UT WOS:A1994BB96A00006 ER PT S AU BROWN, EM KUMOSINSKI, TF FARRELL, HM AF BROWN, EM KUMOSINSKI, TF FARRELL, HM BE Kumosinski, TF Liebman, MN TI MOLECULAR MODELING OF APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I USING TEMPLATE DERIVED FROM CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE OF APOLIPOPHORIN-III SO MOLECULAR MODELING: FROM VIRTUAL TOOLS TO REAL PROBLEMS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Molecular Modeling - From Virtual Tools to Real Problems, at the 205th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 28-APR 02, 1993 CL DENVER, CO SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM ID HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; SECONDARY-STRUCTURE; ALPHA-HELICES; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; FORCE-FIELD; PROTEINS; SEQUENCE; CONFORMATION AB Plasma lipoprotein particles are the major vehicles for lipid transport in the circulatory systems of animals. Apolipoprotein A-I (ape A-I), the primary high density lipoprotein (HDL), serves as a cofactor in the esterification of cholesterol and mediates the transport of cholesterol esters to the liver for utilization. Structure-function studies of the apolipoproteins are hindered by the limited crystallographic data available. Apolipophorin III (ape Lp-III) of flying insects is responsible for delivery of lipids for utilization by flight muscles. The 2.5-Angstrom resolution structure for apo Lp-III from the African migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, is used in the development of a template for the construction of partial models of canine, human and avian apo A-I. Residues 7 to 156 of apo Lp-III were aligned with residues 72 to 236 of apo A-I using alanine as a spacer residue. Four of the five helices of apo Lp-III were preserved in the apo A-I model. Helix 4, the longest of the original helices and the one with the most inserted residues, was separated into two shorter helices connected by a nonhelical strand. Amphipathic character was similar in all models. Electrostatic interactions were more important in the apo A-I models, resulting in increased stability of about 6 kcal/mol/residue. RP BROWN, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3042-0 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1994 VL 576 BP 100 EP 112 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology; Mathematics, Applied SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Mathematics GA BB96A UT WOS:A1994BB96A00007 ER PT S AU ROSS, JBA HASSELBACHER, CA KUMOSINSKI, TF KING, G LAUE, TM GUHA, A NEMERSON, Y KONIGSBERG, WH RUSINOVA, E WAXMAN, E AF ROSS, JBA HASSELBACHER, CA KUMOSINSKI, TF KING, G LAUE, TM GUHA, A NEMERSON, Y KONIGSBERG, WH RUSINOVA, E WAXMAN, E BE Kumosinski, TF Liebman, MN TI TESTING A MODEL OF THE EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN OF HUMAN TISSUE CONSISTENT WITH FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY SO MOLECULAR MODELING: FROM VIRTUAL TOOLS TO REAL PROBLEMS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Molecular Modeling - From Virtual Tools to Real Problems, at the 205th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 28-APR 02, 1993 CL DENVER, CO SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM ID SECONDARY STRUCTURE; PROTEINS AB Tissue Factor (TF) is a membrane-anchored cell-surface protein that in complex with the serine protease Factor VIIa initiates blood coagulation upon tissue damage. We have cloned and expressed the soluble, cytoplasmic domain of TF (residues 1-218) (sTF) for analysis of structure and function. Global secondary structural elements were determined using FTIR spectroscopy. The amide I band assignments indicated ca. 15% alpha-helix, 23 % extended strands, the remainder being turns, loops, beta-sheet, and 'other' structure. Secondary structure prediction algorithms using a knowledge-based approach that was constrained to the FTIR-determined structural elements were used to generate a working model of sTF, which was energy minimized and equilibrated at 300 K using a Kollman force field. The predictions of this model were tested by analytical ultracentrifugation, proteolytic cleavage, and absorption and fluorescence spectra of Trp-->Tyr and Trp-->Phe mutants of sTF. C1 CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT MED,NEW YORK,NY 10029. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT BIOCHEM,DURHAM,NH 03824. YALE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. RP ROSS, JBA (reprint author), CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,BOX 1020,NEW YORK,NY 10029, USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3042-0 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1994 VL 576 BP 113 EP 122 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology; Mathematics, Applied SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Mathematics GA BB96A UT WOS:A1994BB96A00008 ER PT S AU FARNSWORTH, PN KUMOSINSKI, TF KING, G GROTHVASSELLI, B AF FARNSWORTH, PN KUMOSINSKI, TF KING, G GROTHVASSELLI, B BE Kumosinski, TF Liebman, MN TI COMPUTER-GENERATED WORKING MODELS OF ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN SUBUNITS AND THEIR COMPLEX SO MOLECULAR MODELING: FROM VIRTUAL TOOLS TO REAL PROBLEMS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Molecular Modeling - From Virtual Tools to Real Problems, at the 205th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 28-APR 02, 1993 CL DENVER, CO SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; B-CRYSTALLIN; BOVINE LENS; QUATERNARY STRUCTURE; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; EYE LENS; SPECTROSCOPY; EXPRESSION; PHOSPHORYLATION AB The 3D structure of alpha-crystallin is the missing link for defining, at the molecular level its functions as both a structural and chaperone protein involved in maintaining lens transparency. alpha-Crystallin has not been crystallized and its large aggregate size precludes 2D NMR. Therefore, computer assisted molecular modeling was used to construct energy minimized 3D working models of alpha-crystallin subunits, alpha A and alpha B, and their complex. This provides a basis for our speculation concerning the stoichiometry and orientation of these subunits within the quaternary structure of its oligomers. A comparison of these working models with existing experimental data provides a high level of confidence in the accuracy of our 3D models. C1 UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY, NEW JERSEY MED SCH, DEPT OPHTHALMOL, NEWARK, NJ 07103 USA. USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. RP UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY, NEW JERSEY MED SCH, DEPT PHYSIOL, NEWARK, NJ 07103 USA. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3042-0 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1994 VL 576 BP 123 EP 138 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology; Mathematics, Applied SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Mathematics GA BB96A UT WOS:A1994BB96A00009 ER PT S AU KING, G BARFORD, RA AF KING, G BARFORD, RA BE Kumosinski, TF Liebman, MN TI CALCULATIONS OF ASSOCIATION FREE-ENERGIES - SEPARATION OF ELECTROSTATIC AND HYDROPHOBIC CONTRIBUTIONS SO MOLECULAR MODELING: FROM VIRTUAL TOOLS TO REAL PROBLEMS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Molecular Modeling - From Virtual Tools to Real Problems, at the 205th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 28-APR 02, 1993 CL DENVER, CO SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; INHIBITOR; COMPLEXES; PROTEIN; WATER AB Relative association free energies of six sulfonamide/beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes are calculated using a thermodynamic cycle that separates these reactions into purely electrostatic and hydrophobic components. Electrostatic free energy differences are calculated using slow-growth thermodynamic integration, and hydrophobic free energy differences are obtained using an empirical relationship based on the difference between the solvent-accessible surface areas of the solute species in their associated and dissociated states. Two sets of calculations are performed: one in which the model system includes solvent, and the other in which the model system does not include solvent. The calculations performed with the solvated model are accurate to roughly +/-1.5 kcal/mol, and correctly select the preferred of the two possible binding conformations in three out of the four cases examined. RP KING, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3042-0 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1994 VL 576 BP 172 EP 184 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology; Mathematics, Applied SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Mathematics GA BB96A UT WOS:A1994BB96A00011 ER PT S AU KASARDA, DD KING, G KUMOSINSKI, TF AF KASARDA, DD KING, G KUMOSINSKI, TF BE Kumosinski, TF Liebman, MN TI COMPARISON OF SPIRAL STRUCTURES IN WHEAT HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GLUTENIN SUBUNITS AND ELASTIN BY MOLECULAR MODELING SO MOLECULAR MODELING: FROM VIRTUAL TOOLS TO REAL PROBLEMS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Molecular Modeling - From Virtual Tools to Real Problems, at the 205th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 28-APR 02, 1993 CL DENVER, CO SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM ID BREAD WHEAT; PROTEIN; PEPTIDES; QUALITY; PROGRAM; ENERGY; LINES AB The high molecular-weight glutenin subunits, which contribute importantly to the elasticity of wheat flour doughs, have a large central domain composed of repeating amino acid sequences rich in glutamine, proline, and glycine. Although a beta-spiral conformation, similar to that proposed for the polypentapeptide of elastin, has been suggested for these repeats, results of molecular modeling by secondary structure prediction, energy minimization, and chemical dynamics calculations indicate that assignment of several inverse gamma turns to the consensus repeats produces a highly stable spiral structure. This spiral is stabilized by extensive interturn hydrogen bonding involving the glutamine side chains. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP KASARDA, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3042-0 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1994 VL 576 BP 209 EP 220 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology; Mathematics, Applied SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Mathematics GA BB96A UT WOS:A1994BB96A00013 ER PT S AU RUSLING, JF NASSAR, AEF KUMOSINSKI, TF AF RUSLING, JF NASSAR, AEF KUMOSINSKI, TF BE Kumosinski, TF Liebman, MN TI SPECTROSCOPY AND MOLECULAR MODELING OF ELECTROCHEMICALLY ACTIVE FILMS OF MYOGLOBIN AND DIDODECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE SO MOLECULAR MODELING: FROM VIRTUAL TOOLS TO REAL PROBLEMS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Molecular Modeling - From Virtual Tools to Real Problems, at the 205th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 28-APR 02, 1993 CL DENVER, CO SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGR & FOOD CHEM ID SYNTHETIC BILAYER-MEMBRANES; LIPID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; COORDINATION-COMPLEXES; CATALYTIC PROPERTIES; SURFACTANT FILMS; LINEAR DICHROISM; HEME-PROTEINS; STABILIZATION; ORIENTATION AB Water-insoluble coatings of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) on solid supports incorporate the protein myoglobin from solutions at pH 5.5-7.5 to form stable Mb-DDAB films. We previously found that electron transfer involving the heme Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple in 20 mu m thick Mb-DDAB films on electrodes was 1000-fold faster than for Mb in aqueous solutions. The present work examines the supramolecular structure of Mb-DDAB films by reflectance-absorbance infrared, visible linear dichroism, and electron spin resonance spectroscopies. Molecular dynamics of Mb-DDAB models provided information on hydrophobic and coulombic interactions between Mb and DDAB. When combined with earlier thermal and electron transfer studies, results suggest that Mb-DDAB films feature lamellar liquid crystal DDAB arranged in bilayers with tilted hydrocarbon tails as in biological membranes. Mb in DDAB films has a secondary structure close to its native state, attains a preferred orientation in the films, and has Fe(III)heme in the high spin state. Mb electron transfer may be enhanced by adsorbed surfactant on the electrode which inhibits macromolecular impurities from adsorbing and blocking interfacial charge transfer. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP RUSLING, JF (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT CHEM,POB U-60,STORRS,CT 06269, USA. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3042-0 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1994 VL 576 BP 250 EP 268 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology; Mathematics, Applied SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Mathematics GA BB96A UT WOS:A1994BB96A00016 ER EF