FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Lin, LZ Harnly, JM AF Lin, Long-Ze Harnly, James M. TI Identification of Hydroxycinnamoylquinic Acids of Arnica Flowers and Burdock Roots Using a Standardized LC-DAD-ESI/MS Profiling Method SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Arnica flowers; burdock roots; hydroxycinnamoylquinic acids; LC-DAD-ESI/MS; profiling method; elution order evaluation ID GREEN COFFEE BEANS; CHLOROGENIC ACIDS; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; CAFFEOYLQUINIC ACIDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MSN; L.; FLAVONOIDS; HPLC; DERIVATIVES AB A screening method using LC-DAID-ESVIVIS was developed for the identification of common hydroxycinnamoylquinic acids based on direct comparison with standards. A complete standard set for mono-, di-, and tricaffeoylquinic isomers was assembled from commercially available standards, positively identified compounds in common plants (artichokes, asparagus, coffee bean, honeysuckle flowers, sweet potato, and Vernonia amygdalina leaves) and chemically modified standards. Four C18 reversed phase columns were tested using the standardized profiling method (based on LC-DAD-ESI/MS) for 30 phenolic compounds, and their elution order and retention times were evaluated. Using only two columns under standardized LC condition and the collected phenolic compound database, it was possible to separate all of the hydroxycinnamoylquinic acid conjugates and to identify 28 and 18 hydroxycinnamoylquinic acids in arnica flowers (Amica montana L.) and burdock roots (Arctium lappa L.), respectively. Of these, 22 are reported for the first time. C1 [Lin, Long-Ze; Harnly, James M.] ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lin, LZ (reprint author), ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Bldg-161,BARC E,103000 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM longze.lin@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 12 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 21 BP 10105 EP 10114 DI 10.1021/jf802412m PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 369DX UT WOS:000260675600055 PM 18837557 ER PT J AU Kasarda, DD Dupont, FM Vensel, WH Altenbach, SB Lopez, R Tanaka, CK Hurkman, WJ AF Kasarda, Donald D. Dupont, Frances M. Vensel, William H. Altenbach, Susan B. Lopez, Rocio Tanaka, Charlene K. Hurkman, William J. TI Surface-Associated Proteins of Wheat Starch Granules: Suitability of Wheat Starch for Celiac Patients SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Wheat starch; wheat proteins; celiac disease; ELISA test; starch synthase; proteomics; mass spectrometry ID GLUTEN-FREE; ENDOSPERM PROTEINS; DISEASE; PUROINDOLINES; SUBUNITS; PROTEOME; GLIADIN; TRIAL; R5 AB Wheat starch is used to make baked products for celiac patients in several European countries but is avoided in the United States because of uncertainty about the amounts of associated grain storage (gluten) proteins. People with celiac disease (CD) must avoid wheat, rye, and barley proteins and products that contain them. These proteins are capable of initiating damage to the absorptive lining of the small intestine in CD patients, apparently as a consequence of undesirable interactions with the innate and adaptive immune systems. In this study, starch surface-associated proteins were extracted from four commercial wheat starches, fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography and gel electrophoresis, and identified by tandem mass spectrometry analysis. More than 150 proteins were identified, many of which (for example, histones, purothionins, and glutenins) had not been recognized previously as starch-associated. The commercial starches were analyzed by the R-5 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method to estimate the amount of harmful gluten protein present. One of these starches had a low gluten content of 7 ppm and actually fell within the range proposed as a new Codex Alimentarius Standard for naturally gluten-free foods (maximum 20 ppm). This low level of gluten indicates that the starch should be especially suitable for use by celiac patients, although wheat starches with levels up to 100 ppm are deemed safe in the proposed Codex standards. C1 [Kasarda, Donald D.; Dupont, Frances M.; Vensel, William H.; Altenbach, Susan B.; Lopez, Rocio; Tanaka, Charlene K.; Hurkman, William J.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kasarda, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM donald.kasarda@ars.usda.gov OI Vensel, William/0000-0001-9454-2705 NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 12 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 21 BP 10292 EP 10302 DI 10.1021/jf801575s PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 369DX UT WOS:000260675600078 PM 18837505 ER PT J AU Laparra, JM Tako, E Glahn, RP Miller, DD AF Laparra, Jose Moises Tako, Elad Glahn, Raymond P. Miller, Dennis D. TI Isolated Glycosaminoglycans from Cooked Haddock Enhance Nonheme Iron Uptake by Caco-2 Cells SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Glycosaminoglycans; Fe uptake; meat factor; Caco-2 ID SULFATED GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; BIOAVAILABILITY; ABSORPTION; FRACTIONS; PROTEIN; MEAT; HEPARIN; HUMANS; BOVINE AB This study continues previous research to confirm that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) exert a positive effect on promoting iron uptake by Caco-2 cells. Cooked haddock was digested with papain, and GAGs were further purified on the basis of their sulfur content. Reverse phase chromatography (RP-HPLC) and digestion with chondroitinase ABC (Chase) (50 mU/mg) were used to approach the identification of the GAGs. FeCl3 was mixed with the purified GAGs, and Fe uptake was measured by ferritin formation using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model. The identificative analyses suggest that chondroitin/dermatan sulfate-related structures promote Fe uptake by Caco-2 cells; however, this effect was lower (40%) than that observed with whole fish muscle. Chase eliminated the positive effect on Fe uptake. These results indicate that specific GAGs may contribute to the enhancing effect of meat on Fe absorption. Further in vivo studies addressing these aspects of the meat factor are needed. C1 [Laparra, Jose Moises; Tako, Elad; Miller, Dennis D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Glahn, Raymond P.] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Laparra, JM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jml259@cornell.edu OI Laparra Llopis, Jose Moises/0000-0002-9378-2552 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 12 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 21 BP 10346 EP 10351 DI 10.1021/jf8015927 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 369DX UT WOS:000260675600085 PM 18850715 ER PT J AU Muira, WM Wong, GKS Zhang, Y Wang, J Groenen, MAM Crooijmans, RPMA Megens, HJ Zhang, H Okimoto, R Vereijken, A Jungerius, A Albers, GAA Lawley, CT Delany, ME MacEachern, S Cheng, HH AF Muira, William M. Wong, Gane Ka-Shu Zhang, Yong Wang, Jun Groenen, Martien A. M. Crooijmans, Richard P. M. A. Megens, Hendrik-Jan Zhang, Huanmin Okimoto, Ron Vereijken, Addie Jungerius, Annemieke Albers, Gerard A. A. Lawley, Cindy Taylor Delany, Mary E. MacEachern, Sean Cheng, Hans H. TI Genome-wide assessment of worldwide chicken SNP genetic diversity indicates significant absence of rare alleles in commercial breeds SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE alleles; biodiversity; poultry ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MYOSTATIN GENE; POLYMORPHISM; PHENOTYPE; SELECTION; MUTATION; GROWTH; CATTLE AB Breed utilization, genetic improvement, and industry consolidation are predicted to have major impacts on the genetic composition of commercial chickens. Consequently, the question arises as to whether sufficient genetic diversity remains within industry stocks to address future needs. With the chicken genome sequence and more than 2.8 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), it is now possible to address biodiversity using a previously unattainable metric: missing alleles. To achieve this assessment, 2551 informative SNPs were genotyped on 2580 individuals, including 1440 commercial birds. The proportion of alleles lacking in commercial populations was assessed by (1) estimating the global SNP allele frequency distribution from a hypothetical ancestral population as a reference, then determining the portion of the distribution lost, and then (2) determining the relationship between allele loss and the inbreeding coefficient. The results indicate that 50% or more of the genetic diversity in ancestral breeds is absent in commercial pure lines. The missing genetic diversity resulted from the limited number of incorporated breeds. As such, hypothetically combining stocks within a company could recover only preexisting within-breed variability, but not more rare ancestral alleles. We establish that SNP weights act as sentinels of biodiversity and provide an objective assessment of the strains that are most valuable for preserving genetic diversity. This is the first experimental analysis investigating the extant genetic diversity of virtually an entire agricultural commodity. The methods presented are the first to characterize biodiversity in terms of allelic diversity and to objectively link rate of allele loss with the inbreeding coefficient. C1 [Zhang, Huanmin; MacEachern, Sean; Cheng, Hans H.] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Muira, William M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Wong, Gane Ka-Shu] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Wong, Gane Ka-Shu] Univ Alberta, Dept Med, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Wong, Gane Ka-Shu; Zhang, Yong; Wang, Jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Inst Genom, Beijing Prote Inst, Beijing 101300, Peoples R China. [Groenen, Martien A. M.; Crooijmans, Richard P. M. A.; Megens, Hendrik-Jan] Wageningen Univ, Anim Breeding & Genom Ctr, NL-6709 PG Wageningen, Netherlands. [Okimoto, Ron] Cobb Vantress Inc, Siloam Springs, AR 72761 USA. [Vereijken, Addie; Jungerius, Annemieke; Albers, Gerard A. A.] Hendrix Genet, NL-5831 CK Boxmeer, Netherlands. [Lawley, Cindy Taylor] Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Delany, Mary E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Cheng, HH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM hans.cheng@ars.usda.gov RI Megens, Hendrik-Jan/E-9676-2010; Groenen, Martien/D-8408-2012; Crooijmans, Richard/E-2492-2012; Wong, Gane/A-3771-2014; Wong, Gane Ka-Shu/G-5784-2013; Wang, Jun/C-8434-2016; Wang, Jun/B-9503-2016 OI Megens, Hendrik-Jan/0000-0002-3619-7533; Groenen, Martien/0000-0003-0484-4545; Wong, Gane Ka-Shu/0000-0001-6108-5560; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-8540-8931; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-2113-5874 FU United States Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program [2004-05434] FX We thank Laurie Molitor, Tom Goodwill, and Evelyn Young for excellent technical support; Hy-Line International and Aviagen for materials; and Michael Zanus for helpful discussions on clustering methods. This work was supported United States Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program Grant 2004-05434 (to H.H.C,, H.Z., M.A.M.G,, G.K.S.W., and W.M.M.). NR 32 TC 100 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 24 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 11 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 45 BP 17312 EP 17317 DI 10.1073/pnas.0806569105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 373OP UT WOS:000260981800028 PM 18981413 ER PT J AU Gartner, S Reynolds, KM Hessburg, PF Hummel, S Twery, M AF Gaertner, S. Reynolds, K. M. Hessburg, P. F. Hummel, S. Twery, M. TI Decision support for evaluating landscape departure and prioritizing forest management activities in a changing environment SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Decision support system; Reference conditions; Climate change; Historical range of variability; Landscape evaluation; Landscape planning; Ecosystem Management Decision Support ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; FIRE; WASHINGTON; NORTHWEST; MOUNTAINS; EVENNESS; ECOLOGY AB We evaluated changes (hereafter, departures) in spatial patterns of various patch types of forested landscapes in two subwatersheds ("east" and "west") in eastern Washington, USA, from the patterns of two sets of reference conditions; one representing the broad variability of pre-management era (similar to 1900) conditions, and another representing the broad variability associated with one possible warming and drying climate-change scenario. We used a diagnostic set of class and landscape spatial pattern metrics to compare current spatial patterns of test subwatersheds against the two sets of reference conditions. in a companion decision support model built with the EMDS modeling system, we considered the degree of departure in the subwatersheds, relative to the two sets of reference conditions along with two additional criteria (vulnerability to severe wildfire and timber harvest opportunity), to determine the relative priority of landscape restoration treatments, and the potential for timber harvest to underwrite the treatments. In the decision support model, the current spatial pattern conditions of physiognomic types, cover types, forest structural classes, and those of late-successional and old forest patches of the two subwatersheds were compared against the two sets of reference conditions. The degree of departure in spatial patterns of physiognomic conditions was moderate in both subwatersheds in the pre-management era and climate-change comparisons. The situation was similar for the cover-type departure analysis, but spatial patterns of cover types increased in similarity to the reference conditions in the western subwatershed under the climate-change scenario. Spatial patterns of structural conditions showed a high degree of departure in both subwatersheds when compared to either set of reference conditions, but similarity improved in the eastern subwatershed under the climate-change scenario. Spatial patterns of late-successional + old forest structure were strongly similar to the broad envelope of conditions represented by the pre-management era reference in the western and moderately similar in the eastern subwatershed, but declined in both subwatersheds when compared with the climate-change reference conditions. When the degree of departure in spatial patterns of all patch types was considered along with vulnerability to severe wildfire and timber harvest opportunity, the eastern subwatershed rated higher priority for landscape improvement using either set of reference conditions. We conclude by considering uncertainties inherent in the analysis approach, types of sensitivity analysis needed to investigate model performance, and broad implications for forest managers. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gaertner, S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. [Gaertner, S.] Univ Freiburg, Fac Forest & Environm Sci, Inst Silviculture, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. [Reynolds, K. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hessburg, P. F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Hummel, S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Twery, M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Gartner, S (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, 855D Gen Serv Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. EM stefanie.gaertner@ales.ualberta.ca RI Gartner, Stefanie/A-8950-2012; OI Gartner, Stefanie/0000-0001-6215-2657; Reynolds, Keith/0000-0002-5286-4754 FU German Academic Exchange Service FX We thank Brion Salter and Kevin M. James from USDA Forest Service PNW Forestry Sciences Laboratory in Wenatchee, Washington who performed the FRAGSTATS analyses and developed many of the GIS map layers and final maps. This work was supported by a fellowship within the Postdoc-Programme of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 10 PY 2008 VL 256 IS 10 SI SI BP 1666 EP 1676 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.053 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 375MV UT WOS:000261118900005 ER PT J AU Patch, JR Han, ZY McCarthy, SE Yan, LY Wang, LF Harty, RN Broder, CC AF Patch, Jared R. Han, Ziying McCarthy, Sarah E. Yan, Lianying Wang, Lin-Fa Harty, Ronald N. Broder, Christopher C. TI The YPLGVG sequence of the Nipah virus matrix protein is required for budding SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS-ANEMIA VIRUS; UBIQUITIN-PROTEASOME SYSTEM; VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; LATE ASSEMBLY DOMAIN; HOST PROTEINS; C-PROTEIN; BINDING PARTNER; FLYING-FOXES; VP40 PROTEIN; PARTICLES AB Background: Nipah virus (NiV) is a recently emerged paramyxovirus capable of causing fatal disease in a broad range of mammalian hosts, including humans. Together with Hendra virus (HeV), they comprise the genus Henipavirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. Recombinant expression systems have played a crucial role in studying the cell biology of these Biosafety Level-4 restricted viruses. Henipavirus assembly and budding occurs at the plasma membrane, although the details of this process remain poorly understood. Multivesicular body (MVB) proteins have been found to play a role in the budding of several enveloped viruses, including some paramyxoviruses, and the recruitment of MVB proteins by viral proteins possessing late budding domains (L-domains) has become an important concept in the viral budding process. Previously we developed a system for producing NiV virus-like particles (VLPs) and demonstrated that the matrix (M) protein possessed an intrinsic budding ability and played a major role in assembly. Here, we have used this system to further explore the budding process by analyzing elements within the M protein that are critical for particle release. Results: Using rationally targeted site-directed mutagenesis we show that a NiV M sequence YPLGVG is required for M budding and that mutation or deletion of the sequence abrogates budding ability. Replacement of the native and overlapping Ebola VP40 L-domains with the NiV sequence failed to rescue VP40 budding; however, it did induce the cellular morphology of extensive filamentous projection consistent with wild-type VP40-expressing cells. Cells expressing wild-type NiV M also displayed this morphology, which was dependent on the YPLGVG sequence, and deletion of the sequence also resulted in nuclear localization of M. Dominant-negative VPS4 proteins had no effect on NiV M budding, suggesting that unlike other viruses such as Ebola, NiV M accomplishes budding independent of MVB cellular proteins. Conclusion: These data indicate that the YPLGVG motif within the NiV M protein plays an important role in M budding; however, involvement of any specific components of the cellular MVB sorting pathway in henipavirus budding remains to be demonstrated. Further investigation of henipavirus assembly and budding may yet reveal a novel mechanism(s) of viral assembly and release that could be applicable to other enveloped viruses or have therapeutic implications. C1 [Patch, Jared R.; Yan, Lianying; Broder, Christopher C.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Han, Ziying; McCarthy, Sarah E.; Harty, Ronald N.] Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Wang, Lin-Fa] CSIRO Livestock Ind, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. [Patch, Jared R.] ARS, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Han, Ziying] Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. [McCarthy, Sarah E.] USA, Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Broder, CC (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM Jared.Patch@ARS.USDA.GOV; Ziying.Han@fccc.edu; Sarah.E.Mccarthy@us.army.mil; lyan@usuhs.mil; Linfa.Wang@csiro.au; rharty@vet.upenn.edu; cbroder@usuhs.mil FU NIH [AI054715] FX This work was supported by NIH grant AI054715 to C.C.B. NR 57 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2008 VL 5 AR 137 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-5-137 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 395MN UT WOS:000262528300001 PM 19000317 ER PT J AU Barigye, R Dyer, NW Newell, TK Khaitsa, ML Trout, JM Santin, M Fayer, R AF Barigye, Robert Dyer, Neil W. Newell, Teresa K. Khaitsa, Margaret L. Trout, James M. Santin, Monica Fayer, Ronald TI Molecular and immunohistochemical detection of assemblage E, Giardia duodenalis in scouring North Dakota calves SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Calf scours; Giardia duodenalis; Immunohistochemistry ID SOUTHEASTERN NEW-YORK; WEANED DAIRY CALVES; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; BEEF-CALVES; PREVALENCE; GENOTYPES; CANADA; INFECTIONS; DIARRHEA; ONTARIO AB Despite many reports on the shedding of Giardia parasites by scouring calves, the role of Giardia as a cause of calf diarrhea is still controversial. To elucidate the role of Giardia duodenalis in calf scours, diagnostic samples from 189 scouring calves were tested by different assays during a 1-year-study period. Giardia antigens were detected in 22/189 scouring calves by a fecal-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and 10 of these were positive for assemblage E, G. duodenalis by polymerase chain reaction. Giardia trophozoites were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in intestinal sections from five calves in which the parasites were spatially distributed in areas of microscopically detectable enteritis. Our data suggest that under certain circumstances, Giardia may cause intestinal lesions leading to calf scours. Gnotobiotic calf-based infectivity studies are needed if the pathogenicity of Giardia in calves is to be definitively determined. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Barigye, Robert; Dyer, Neil W.; Newell, Teresa K.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet Diagnost Serv, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Barigye, Robert; Dyer, Neil W.; Khaitsa, Margaret L.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet & Microbiol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Trout, James M.; Santin, Monica; Fayer, Ronald] ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Barigye, R (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet Serv, 1523 Centennial Blvd,Van Es Hall, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Robert.Barigye@ndsu.edu FU North Dakota State Board of Agricultural Research and Education (SBARE) [FARG090069] FX The authors wish to thank Ms. Ev Schamber for her expert technical assistance. This study was funded through a grant from the North Dakota State Board of Agricultural Research and Education (SBARE), Project No. FARG090069. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 7 PY 2008 VL 157 IS 3-4 BP 196 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.07.033 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 373AO UT WOS:000260943600004 PM 18774646 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Velmurugan, GV Chockalingam, A Pena, HFJ de Oliveira, LN Leifer, CA Gennari, SM Oliveira, LMGB Su, C AF Dubey, J. P. Velmurugan, G. V. Chockalingam, A. Pena, H. F. J. de Oliveira, L. Nunes Leifer, C. A. Gennari, S. M. Oliveira, L. M. G. Bahia Su, C. TI Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens from Brazil SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; Chickens; Genotype; PCR-RFLP; Brazil ID FREE-RANGE CHICKENS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENOTYPE; EVOLUTIONARY AB Until recently, Toxoplasma gondii was considered clonal with very little genetic variability. Recent studies indicate that T gondii isolates from Brazil are genetically and biologically different from T gondii isolates from USA and Europe. In the present study, we retyped 151 free range chicken isolates from Brazil including 117 newly isolated samples from 11 geographically areas (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceara, Maranhao, Parana, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, and Rondonia) and 34 previously reported isolates from the very north (Para) and the very south (Rio Grande do Sul). Ten PCR-RFLP markers including SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico were used to genotype all isolates. Overall analysis of 151 T gondii isolates revealed 58 genotypes. Half (29/58) of these genotypes had single isolate and the other half of the genotypes were characterized with two or more isolates. Only 1 of 151 isolates was clonal Type I strain and 5 were clonal Type III strains. Two isolates had mixed infections. Clonal Type II strain was absent. One strain was Type II at all loci, except BTUB. The results confirm high genetic diversity of T gondii isolates from Brazil. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Velmurugan, G. V.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Chockalingam, A.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Pena, H. F. J.; de Oliveira, L. Nunes; Gennari, S. M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Oliveira, L. M. G. Bahia] Univ Estadual Notre Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Ctr Biociencias & Biotecnol, Lab Biol Reconhecer, BR-28013600 Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. [Su, C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/A-8464-2013; PENA, HILDA/K-4506-2012; Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/0000-0003-3001-8079; Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 FU NCI NIH HHS [K22 CA113705] NR 24 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 7 PY 2008 VL 157 IS 3-4 BP 299 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.07.036 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 373AO UT WOS:000260943600016 PM 18804329 ER PT J AU Chiang, HI Swaggerty, CL Kogut, MH Dowd, SE Li, XY Pevzner, IY Zhou, HJ AF Chiang, Hsin-I Swaggerty, Christina L. Kogut, Michael H. Dowd, Scot E. Li, Xianyao Pevzner, Igal Y. Zhou, Huaijun TI Gene expression profiling in chicken heterophils with Salmonella enteritidis stimulation using a chicken 44 K Agilent microarray SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE-SYSTEM; SUSCEPTIBLE CHICKENS; SIGNALING PATHWAY; HOST-RESISTANCE; CARRIER-STATE; IKK-EPSILON; CLASS-II; RESPONSES; CYTOKINE; INFECTION AB Background: Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) is one of the most common food-borne pathogens that cause human salmonellosis and usually results from the consumption of contaminated poultry products. The mechanism of SE resistance in chickens remains largely unknown. Previously, heterophils isolated from broilers with different genetic backgrounds (SE-resistant [line A] and -susceptible [line B]) have been shown to be important in defending against SE infections. To dissect the interplay between heterophils and SE infection, we utilized large-scale gene expression profiling. Results: The results showed more differentially expressed genes were found between different lines than between infection (SE-treated) and non-infection (control) samples within line. However, the numbers of expressed immune-related genes between these two comparisons were dramatically different. More genes related to immune function were down-regulated in line B than line A. The analysis of the immune-related genes indicated that SE infection induced a stronger, upregulated gene expression of line heterophils A than line B, and these genes include several components in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, and genes involved in T-helper cell activation. Conclusion: We found: (1) A divergent expression pattern of immune-related genes between lines of different genetic backgrounds. The higher expression of immune-related genes might be more beneficial to enhance host immunity in the resistant line; (2) a similar TLR regulatory network might exist in both lines, where a possible MyD88-independent pathway may participate in the regulation of host innate immunity; (3) the genes exclusively differentially expressed in line A or line B with SE infection provided strong candidates for further investigating SE resistance and susceptibility. These findings have laid the foundation for future studies of TLR pathway regulation and cellular modulation of SE infection in chickens. C1 [Chiang, Hsin-I; Li, Xianyao; Zhou, Huaijun] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Swaggerty, Christina L.; Kogut, Michael H.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Dowd, Scot E.] Res & Testing Labs, Lubbock, TX 79407 USA. [Dowd, Scot E.] Med Biofilm Res Inst, Lubbock, TX 79407 USA. [Pevzner, Igal Y.] Cobb Vantress Inc, Siloam Springs, AR 72761 USA. RP Zhou, HJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM samchiang@tamu.edu; christi.swaggerty@ars.usda.gov; kogut@ffsru.usda.gov; sdowd@pathogenresearch.org; xianyao@poultry.tamu.edu; igal.pevzner@cobb-vantress.com; hjzhou@poultry.tamu.edu NR 61 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 6 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 526 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-526 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 377GI UT WOS:000261239300001 PM 18990222 ER PT J AU Linthicum, KJ AF Linthicum, Kenneth J. TI Legged Soldiers: Using Insects as Weapons of War SO NATURE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Linthicum, Kenneth J.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Linthicum, KJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM kenneth.linthicum@ars.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 6 PY 2008 VL 456 IS 7218 BP 36 EP 37 DI 10.1038/456036a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 369DH UT WOS:000260674000026 ER PT J AU Holser, RA AF Holser, Ronald Alan TI Thermal analysis of glycerol citrate/starch blends SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE glycerol; citric acid; cornstarch; polyesters; DSC ID ION-EXCHANGE PROPERTIES; STARCH; ALKYD AB The reaction of glycerol and citric acid was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis. Reactions were performed in the DSC with a temperature oscillation of 1 degrees C/min applied while scanning the range of 20-220 degrees C. This modulated technique allowed separation of reversible and irreversible thermal effects. The energy associated with the esterification of glycerol and citric acid, 40 J/g, was calculated from the irreversible component of the heat flow. When cornstarch was blended with glycerol and citric acid, the weight loss curves displayed prominent shifts in maxima values attributable to starch degradation. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Holser, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM ronald.holser@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD NOV 5 PY 2008 VL 110 IS 3 BP 1498 EP 1501 DI 10.1002/app.27651 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 347VA UT WOS:000259168100028 ER PT J AU Burr, G Hume, M Neill, WH Gatlin, DM AF Burr, Gary Hume, Michael Neill, William H. Gatlin, Delbert M., III TI Effects of prebiotics on nutrient digestibility of a soybean-meal-based diet by red drum Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus) SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE red drum; Sciaenops ocellatus; prebiotics; macronutrient digestibility ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; NUTRITIONAL RESPONSES; FEED INGREDIENTS; INTESTINAL-TRACT; GROWING PIGS; FISH AB The present study examined the effects of four prebiotic compounds on nutrient and energy digestibility of soybean-meal-based diets by red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). The experimental diets contained 40% crude protein of which approximately half was provided by soybean meal with the remainder from menhaden fish meal. The four prebiotics GroBiotic (R)-A (a mixture of partially autolysed brewers yeast, dairy ingredient components and dried fermentation products), mannanoligosaccharide (MOS), galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) and inulin were individually added to the basal diet at 1% by weight. A diet with all its protein provided by menhaden fish meal was also included as a control. This control diet had the highest apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) values - 87% for protein, 87% for lipid, 78% for organic matter and 83% for energy. The basal soybean-meal-based diet supplemented with GroBiotic (R)-A, GOS and MOS had significantly (P < 0.05) increased protein (82%, 82%, 82% respectively) and organic matter ADC values (69%, 64%, 66% respectively), compared with the basal diet (69% for protein and 49% for organic matter). However, the lipid ADC values were significantly decreased for fish fed with the diets supplemented with inulin, GOS and MOS (63%, 61%, 61% respectively) compared with the basal diet (77%) but not for those fed GroBiotic (R)-A (82%). Energy ADC values were also increased in fish fed with the GroBiotic-A (R), GOS and MOS diets (73%, 70%, 72%), compared with the basal diet (57%); however, fish fed with the inulin diet had an energy ADC value (54%) similar to that of fish fed with the basal diet. Thus, the present study is the first to demonstrate that nutrient and energy digestibility of soybean-meal-based diets by red drum can be enhanced with prebiotic supplementation. C1 [Burr, Gary; Neill, William H.; Gatlin, Delbert M., III] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hume, Michael] USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Hume, Michael] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Gatlin, DM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM d-gatlin@tamu.edu NR 33 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD NOV 4 PY 2008 VL 39 IS 15 BP 1680 EP 1686 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.02044.x PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 367ER UT WOS:000260535800013 ER PT J AU Bluhm, BH Dhillon, B Lindquist, EA Kema, GHJ Goodwin, SB Dunkle, LD AF Bluhm, Burton H. Dhillon, Braham Lindquist, Erika A. Kema, Gert H. J. Goodwin, Stephen B. Dunkle, Larry D. TI Analyses of expressed sequence tags from the maize foliar pathogen Cercospora zeae-maydis identify novel genes expressed during vegetative, infectious, and reproductive growth SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID GRAY LEAF-SPOT; NITROGEN METABOLITE REPRESSION; MAP KINASE PATHWAYS; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; FUNGAL VIRULENCE AB Background: The ascomycete fungus Cercospora zeae-maydis is an aggressive foliar pathogen of maize that causes substantial losses annually throughout the Western Hemisphere. Despite its impact on maize production, little is known about the regulation of pathogenesis in C. zeae-maydis at the molecular level. The objectives of this study were to generate a collection of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from C. zeae-maydis and evaluate their expression during vegetative, infectious, and reproductive growth. Results: A total of 27,551 ESTs was obtained from five cDNA libraries constructed from vegetative and sporulating cultures of C. zeae-maydis. The ESTs, grouped into 4088 clusters and 531 singlets, represented 4619 putative unique genes. Of these, 36% encoded proteins similar (E value <= 10(-05)) to characterized or annotated proteins from the NCBI non-redundant database representing diverse molecular functions and biological processes based on Gene Ontology (GO) classification. We identified numerous, previously undescribed genes with potential roles in photoreception, pathogenesis, and the regulation of development as well as Zephyr, a novel, actively transcribed transposable element. Differential expression of selected genes was demonstrated by real-time PCR, supporting their proposed roles in vegetative, infectious, and reproductive growth. Conclusion: Novel genes that are potentially involved in regulating growth, development, and pathogenesis were identified in C. zeae-maydis, providing specific targets for characterization by molecular genetics and functional genomics. The EST data establish a foundation for future studies in evolutionary C1 [Bluhm, Burton H.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Dhillon, Braham] Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lindquist, Erika A.] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Kema, Gert H. J.] Plant Res Int BV, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Goodwin, Stephen B.; Dunkle, Larry D.] Purdue Univ, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, USDA, ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Bluhm, BH (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM bbluhm@uark.edu; bdhillon@purdue.edu; EALindquist@lbl.gov; gert.kema@wur.nl; Steve.Goodwin@ars.usda.gov; Larry.Dunkle@ars.usda.gov OI Goodwin, Stephen/0000-0001-5708-9729 FU USDA CRIS [3602-22000-013-00D]; Joint Genome Institute; US Department of Energy's Office of Science; Biological and Environmental Research Program; University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-36] FX We thank Corie Shaner and Kaila Zink for technical assistance and Charles Crane for assistance with bioinformatic analyses. This report constitutes ARP 2008-18287 of the Purdue University Agriculture Experiment Station. This research was supported by USDA CRIS project 3602-22000-013-00D and the Community Sequencing Program of the Joint Genome Institute. This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program and by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098 and Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-ENG-36. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 4 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 523 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-523 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 382MA UT WOS:000261608900001 PM 18983654 ER PT J AU Li, L Jiang, HX Campbell, M Blanco, M Jane, JL AF Li, Li Jiang, Hongxin Campbell, Mark Blanco, Michael Jane, Jay-lin TI Characterization of maize amylose-extender (ae) mutant starches. Part I: Relationship between resistant starch contents and molecular structures SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE ae-mutant maize starch; high-amylose maize starch; resistant starch; intermediate components; molecular structure ID WX-CONTAINING GENOTYPES; BRANCH CHAIN-LENGTH; VITRO DIGESTIBILITY; AMYLOMAIZE STARCH; FINE-STRUCTURE; INBRED LINE; AMYLOPECTIN; GELATINIZATION; GRANULES; RETROGRADATION AB Endosperm starches were isolated from kernels of seven maize amylose-extender (ae) lines: three new ae-lines, derived from a Guatemalan breeding cross with pedigrees of GUAT209:S13 x (OH43ae x H99ae) B-B-4-1-2-1-1, GUAT209:S13 x (OH43ae x H99ae) B-B-4-4-2-1-1, and GUAT209:S13 x (OH43ae x H99ae) B-B-4-4-2-1-2, designated as GSOH1, GSOH2, and GSOH3, respectively, were developed by the USDA-ARS Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) Project, and four existing inbred lines, H99ae, OH43ae, B89ae, and B84ae. The resistant starch (RS) contents, measured using AOAC method 991.43 for total dietary fiber, showed that the three new-line starches had larger RS contents (39.4-43.2%) than the four inbred lines (11.5-19.1%). This study was conducted to understand relationship between the RS content and molecular structure of the maize ae-mutant starch. Analytical results showed that the three new-line starches had larger apparent (83.1-85.6%) and absolute amylose-contents (57.4-62.6%) than the starches of the inbred ae-lines (61.7-67.7% and 35.5-44.7%, respectively). The RS content of the ae-mutant starch was positively correlated with both the apparent and absolute amylose-con tents of the starch with correlation coefficients of 0.99 and 0.96, respectively. Gel permeation chromatograms revealed that all seven ae starches contained large proportions of intermediate components (1C), 22.4%-52.0%. All seven ae starches displayed similar onset gelatinization temperatures (64.5-65.8 degrees C), but the three new-line starches displayed higher conclusion temperatures (122.0-130.0 degrees C) than the four inbred-line starches (100.5-105.3 degrees C). These results indicated that the crystalline structure of the three new ae-line starches was retained after boiling at similar to 100 degrees C, The crystalline structure was resistant to enzyme hydrolysis and resulted in greater RS contents. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Li; Jiang, Hongxin; Jane, Jay-lin] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Campbell, Mark] Truman State Univ, Kirksville, MO USA. [Blanco, Michael] USDA ARS, Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jane, JL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jjane@iastate.edu NR 41 TC 86 Z9 93 U1 7 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD NOV 4 PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 BP 396 EP 404 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.03.012 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 355KQ UT WOS:000259708200011 ER PT J AU Dowell, FE Maghirang, EB Fernandez, FM Newton, PN Green, MD AF Dowell, Floyd E. Maghirang, Elizabeth B. Fernandez, Facundo M. Newton, Paul N. Green, Michael D. TI Detecting counterfeit antimalarial tablets by near-infrared spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE NIR spectroscopy; Artesunate; Antimalarial; Counterfeit; Tablets ID SOUTHEAST-ASIA; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; FAKE ARTESUNATE; IDENTIFICATION AB Counterfeit antimalarial drugs are found in many developing countries, but it is challenging to differentiate between genuine and fakes due to their increasing sophistication. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a powerful tool in pharmaceutical forensics, and we tested this technique for discriminating between counterfeit and genuine artesunate antimalarial tablets. Using NIRS, we found that artesunate tablets could be identified as genuine or counterfeit with high accuracy. Multivariate classification models indicated that this discriminatory ability was based, at least partly, on the presence or absence of spectral signatures related to artesunate. This technique can be field-portable and requires little training after calibrations are developed, thus showing great promise for rapid and accurate fake detection. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dowell, Floyd E.; Maghirang, Elizabeth B.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Engn Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Fernandez, Facundo M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Newton, Paul N.] Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. [Newton, Paul N.] Mahosot Hosp, Microbiol Lab, Viangchan, Laos. [Green, Michael D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Engn Res Unit, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM floyd.dowell@ars.usda.gov RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008 FU WPRO/WHO; Wellcome Trust of Great Britain FX The authors thank WPRO/WHO for financing a portion of this work. We also thank Dr. Donghai Wang, KSU Professor, and Dr. Shantha Peiris, KSU Post Doc, for comments on early versions of this manuscript. The Wellcome Trust of Great Britain supported the collection of artesunate samples as part of the Wellcome Trust Oxford University SE Asia Tropical Medicine Research Program.; Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 15 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0731-7085 J9 J PHARMACEUT BIOMED JI J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. PD NOV 4 PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1011 EP 1014 DI 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.06.024 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 362KL UT WOS:000260196500074 PM 18703302 ER PT J AU Roh, MS Lee, AK Suh, JK Bordelon, CM AF Roh, Mark S. Lee, Ae-Kyung Suh, Jeung Keun Bordelon, Carole M. TI Interspecific variations in seed germination of Corylopsis SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Seed dormancy; Warm stratification; Cold stratification; Species-dependent germination; C. coreana; C. sinensis var. calvescens; Hamamelidaceae ID INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; DORMANCY AB This Study was initiated to investigate the differences in germination percentages and rates between Corylopsis coreana Uyeki and Corylopsis sinensis var. calvescens Rehder & E.H. Wilson following a warm stratification (WS) and cold stratification (CS), and to study the effect of different WS temperatures interacting with different durations of CS. Warm stratification at 10 degrees C, 15 degrees C, 20 degrees C, and 25 degrees C was given for 1 month (1 M 10 degrees C, 15 degrees C, 20 degrees C, and 25 degrees CWS) followed by 0 M, 1 M, 2 M, and 3 M of CS at 5 degrees C (0 M, 1 M, 2 M, 3 M CS) and seeds were germinated in an air conditioned greenhouse maintained at 18.5 degrees C/18 degrees C. On average, less than 1% of C. coreana seeds germinated when sown without any WS and CS or with I M 15 degrees C, 20 degrees C, and 25 degrees C WS without CS treatment. However, 26% C. coreana seeds germinated after 1 M 10 degrees CWS without any CS treatment. Germination was not affected by WS temperatures when followed by 2 M 5 C CS. It is concluded that C. coreana exhibited low seed germination at 10 degrees C and that this temperature could be considered the upper limit of CS for C coreana. Only 2 M CS was required for more than 90% seeds to germinate. However, C sinensis var. calvescens required longer than 3 M CS for more than 29% seeds to germinate. This clearly shows that there is an interspecific variation in optimum dormancy-breaking requirements. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Roh, Mark S.] ARS, USDA, US Natl Abroretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lee, Ae-Kyung] Sewon Univ, Dept Floral Art & Design, Cheongjiu 361742, South Korea. [Suh, Jeung Keun] Dankook Univ, Sch BioResources Sci, Lab Floriculture & Plant Physiol, Cheonan 330714, South Korea. [Bordelon, Carole M.] ARS, USDA, US Natl Abroretum, Gardens Unit, Washington, DC 20002 USA. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Natl Abroretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, B-010A,Room 238,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Mark.Roh@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD NOV 4 PY 2008 VL 118 IS 4 BP 347 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2008.06.026 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 379NV UT WOS:000261404400011 ER PT J AU Thibodeaux, D Rodgers, J Campbell, J Knowlton, J AF Thibodeaux, Devron Rodgers, James Campbell, Jacqueline Knowlton, James TI The Feasibility of Relating HVI Color Standards to CIELAB Coordinates SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Brightness; CIELAB; Color; Cotton; HVI; Reflectance; Yellowness ID COLORIMETER AB Color measurements made with an Uster High Volume Instrument (HVI) were correlated to measurements made on a laboratory color spectrophotometer that measures reflectance at a given wavelength interval across the visible spectrum and reports the L*a*b*values for the sample. Cotton color, as measured by HVI, is characterized by two parameters: brightness or reflectance (Rd) and yellowness (+b). Standard tiles and calibration cottons from the Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), representing a wide range of Rd and +b values, were measured on the AMS Cotton Program's master colorimeter, and then on a laboratory color spectrophotometer. Allowing for differences in slope and offset, very good correlations were found between the standard CIE color parameters (L*, b*) and the master colorimeter's color parameters (Rd, +b), respectively. C1 [Thibodeaux, Devron] ARS, USDA, SAA Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Rodgers, James; Campbell, Jacqueline] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Knowlton, James] USDA AMS, Cotton Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Thibodeaux, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SAA Cotton Qual Res Stn, McGregor Rd,Room 10, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM devron.thibodeaux@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 8 IS 11 BP 44 EP 48 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 376RR UT WOS:000261201200006 ER PT J AU Kumar, SV Reichle, RH Peters-Lidard, CD Koster, RD Zhan, XW Crow, WT Eylander, JB Houser, PR AF Kumar, Sujay V. Reichle, Rolf H. Peters-Lidard, Christa D. Koster, Randal D. Zhan, Xiwu Crow, Wade T. Eylander, John B. Houser, Paul R. TI A land surface data assimilation framework using the land information system: Description and applications SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Land surface modeling; Data assimilation; Remote sensing; Hydrology; Soil moisture; Snow ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; CATCHMENT-BASED APPROACH; SOIL-MOISTURE; SNOW-COVER; MODEL; UNCERTAINTY; IMPACT; BIAS AB The Land Information System (LIS) is an established land surface modeling framework that integrates various community land surface models, ground measurements, satellite-based observations, high performance computing and data management tools. The use of advanced software engineering principles in LIS allows interoperability of individual system components and thus enables assessment and prediction of hydrologic conditions at various spatial and temporal scales. In this work, we describe a sequential data assimilation extension of LIS that incorporates multiple observational sources, land surface models and assimilation algorithms. These capabilities are demonstrated here in a suite of experiments that use the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and assimilation through direct insertion. In a soil moisture experiment, we discuss the impact of differences in modeling approaches on assimilation performance. Provided careful choice of model error parameters, we find that two entirely different hydrological modeling approaches offer comparable assimilation results. In a snow assimilation experiment, we investigate the relative merits of assimilating different types of observations (snow cover area and snow water equivalent). The experiments show that data assimilation enhancements in LIS are uniquely suited to compare the assimilation of various data types into different land surface models within a single framework. The high performance infrastructure provides adequate support for efficient data assimilation integrations of high computational granularity. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kumar, Sujay V.; Reichle, Rolf H.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Kumar, Sujay V.; Peters-Lidard, Christa D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reichle, Rolf H.; Koster, Randal D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NASA Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zhan, Xiwu] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Crow, Wade T.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Houser, Paul R.] George Mason Univ, Ctr Res Environm & Water, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kumar, SV (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM Sujay.V.Kumar@nasa.gov RI Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010; Reichle, Rolf/E-1419-2012; Koster, Randal/F-5881-2012; Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013; Kumar, Sujay/B-8142-2015; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Koster, Randal/0000-0001-6418-6383; Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441; Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 FU NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA Energy and Water Cycle (NEWS) program; NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) program; Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA) FX We gratefully acknowledge support of LIS data assimilation development by the Air Force Weather Agency, internal investment from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, the NASA Energy and Water Cycle (NEWS) program, the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) program, and a grant from the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA), among others. We also thank Dr. Sarith Mahanama and James V. Geiger for their help in the implementation of Catchment land surface model in LIS and Dr. Jiarui Dong for helpful discussions. NR 44 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 31 IS 11 SI SI BP 1419 EP 1432 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.01.013 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 383BR UT WOS:000261649600002 ER PT J AU Merlin, O Walker, JP Kalma, JD Kim, EJ Hacker, J Panciera, R Young, R Summerell, G Hornbuckle, J Hafeez, M Jackson, T AF Merlin, Olivier Walker, Jeffrey P. Kalma, Jetse D. Kim, Edward J. Hacker, Jorg Panciera, Rocco Young, Rodger Summerell, Gregory Hornbuckle, John Hafeez, Mohsin Jackson, Thomas TI The NAFE'06 data set: Towards soil moisture retrieval at intermediate resolution SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Soil moisture; Airborne experiment; L-band radiometry; Multi-spectral; Synergy; Calibration/validation; Downscaling; Assimilation ID WATER-CONTENT; SPACE; ASSIMILATION; CALIBRATION; MONSOON-90; EMISSION; GRASS AB The National Airborne Field Experiment 2006 (NAFE'06) was conducted during a three week period of November 2006 in the Murrumbidgee River catchment, located in southeastern Australia. One objective of NAFE'06 was to explore the suitability of the area for SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) calibration/validation and develop downscaling and assimilation techniques for when SMOS does come on line. Airborne L-band brightness temperature was mapped at 1 km resolution 11 times (every 1-3 days) over a 40 by 55 km area in the Yanco region and 3 times over a 40 by 50 km area that includes Kyeamba Creek catchment. Moreover, multi-resolution, multi-angle and multi-spectral airborne data including surface temperature, surface reflectance (green, read and near infrared), lidar data and aerial photos were acquired over selected areas to develop downscaling algorithms and test multi-angle and multi-spectral retrieval approaches. The near-surface soil moisture was measured extensively on the ground in eight sampling areas concurrently with aircraft flights, and the soil moisture profile was continuously monitored at 41 sites. Preliminary analyses indicate that (i) the uncertainty of a single ground measurement was typically less than 5% vol. (ii) the spatial variability of ground measurements at I km resolution was up to 10% vol. and (iii) the validation of I kin resolution L-band data is facilitated by selecting pixels with a spatial soil moisture variability lower than the point-scale uncertainty. The sensitivity of passive microwave and thermal data is also compared at I kin resolution to illustrate the multi-spectral synergy for soil moisture monitoring at improved accuracy and resolution. The data described in this paper are available at www.nafe.unimelb.edu.au. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Merlin, Olivier; Walker, Jeffrey P.; Panciera, Rocco; Young, Rodger] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Kalma, Jetse D.] Univ Newcastle, Sch Engn, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. [Kim, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Hacker, Jorg] Flinders Univ Airborne, Res Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Jackson, Thomas] USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Merlin, O (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM omerlin@unimelb.edu.au RI Hornbuckle, John/D-5981-2011; Walker, Jeffrey/D-2624-2009 FU Australian Research Council [LE0453434, LE0560930, DP0557543, DP0343778]; collaboration of a large number of scientists from throughout Australia, United States and Europe; CRC for Catchment Hydrology FX The Yanco farmers involved in the field experiment, Wayne Durnan, David Gooden, Adrian Hays, Franck McKersie, Murray Shaw, and Danean Smith, are gratefully acknowledged. Likewise the landholders of the Livingstone Creek and Yenda site are acknowledged for access to their properties. Coleambally Irrigation Co-operative Limited is also acknowledged for their logistical support in the preparation of the ground sampling. We wish to thank the NAFE'06 participants, Elizabeth Botha, Gilles Boulet, Micah Bell, Aaron Berg, Shakti Chakravarty, Yuriming Chen, Evan Christen, Richard de Jeu, Clara Draper, Carmen Gomez, Dionne Hansen, Ruud Hurkmans, Jon Johanson, Vadim Kuzmin, Venkat Lakshmi, Philippe Maisongrande, Lynn McKee, Iva Mladenova, Peggy O'Neill, Walter Rawls, Victor Shoemark, Ryan Teuling, Mark Thyer, and Jessika Toyra. The National Airborne Field Experiments have been made possible through recent infrastructure (LE0453434 and LE0560930) and research (DP0557543) funding from the Australian Research Council, and the collaboration of a large number of scientists from throughout Australia, United States and Europe. Initial setup and maintenance of the study catchments was funded by a research grant (DP0343778) from the Australian Research Council and by the CRC for Catchment Hydrology. NR 29 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1444 EP 1455 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.01.018 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 383BR UT WOS:000261649600004 ER PT J AU Erpelding, JE AF Erpelding, J. E. TI Field evaluation of foliar anthracnose disease response for sorghum germplasm from the Matabeleland North Province of Zimbabwe SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Colletotrichum sublineolum; genetic resources; Sorghum bicolor ID COLLETOTRICHUM-GRAMINICOLA; LEAF ANTHRACNOSE AB Anthracnose occurs in most sorghum producing regions worldwide and the pathogen is highly variable; thus, additional sources of resistance are needed for sorghum improvement. To identify resistant sources, 41 sorghum accessions from the Matabeleland North Province of Zimbabwe were evaluated for foliar anthracnose disease response in Isabela, Puerto Rico during the 2006 and 2007 growing seasons. Eleven accessions showed a resistant response characterized by reddening of inoculated leaves and no acervuli development. Fourteen of the 30 accessions rated as susceptible showed a susceptible response within and between growing seasons. Four accessions rated as susceptible showed variation in disease response between growing seasons. In 2006, more accessions showed a susceptible response across replications, and infection of the flag leaf was more frequent; however, infection severity was greater for the susceptible accessions observed in 2007. Overall, in 2006 and 2007, infection severity was low and the majority of the accessions showed less than 10% infected leaf area. In addition to the accessions showing resistance, the accessions with low infection severity may benefit sorghum improvement programs. C1 ARS, USDA, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Erpelding, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 Pedro Albizu Campos Ave,Suite 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. EM john.erpelding@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC JOURNALS PI VICTORIA ISLAND PA P O BOX 5170-00200 NAIROBI, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS 73023, NIGERIA SN 1991-637X J9 AFR J AGR RES JI Afr. J. Agric. Res. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 3 IS 11 BP 792 EP 796 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 447PL UT WOS:000266203400005 ER PT J AU Cottrell, TE Wood, BW AF Cottrell, Ted E. Wood, Bruce W. TI Movement of adult pecan weevils Curculio caryae within pecan orchards SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Behaviour; Coleoptera; Curculio caryae; Curculionidae; diel periodicity; movement; orchard; pecan; trap ID COLEOPTERA-CURCULIONIDAE; PLUM CURCULIO; APPLE-TREES; EMERGENCE; TRAP; CARBARYL; NUT AB 1 The pecan weevil Curculio caryae (Horn) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an indigenous pest of pecan Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, in North America. Understanding the movement of this pest from the orchard floor to host trees could lead to pest management practices that exploit weevil behaviour and thus reduce insecticide application to the entire orchard canopy. Furthermore, no information exists on diel periodicity of pecan weevil movement. 2 Movement of adult pecan weevils crawling and flying to the host trunk, flying to the host canopy, crawling within the host canopy and flying between host trees was studied using four types of passive traps over four seasons. Each type of trap was used to capture weevils at different locations on or near the tree and to discriminate flying versus crawling behaviour. 3 More pecan weevils crawl to the trunk than fly and a proportion of the population flies directly from the orchard floor into the pecan canopy. The majority of this movement occurs at dusk. 4 The vertical distribution of weevils was generally uniform throughout the canopy but more weevils were captured in suspended traps nearest tree tops, rather than traps near the ground, when flying between trees and this was significantly so for two of 4 years. 5 The results of the present study are contrary to previous reports suggesting that most adult pecan weevils fly to the pecan trunk after emergence from the soil; however, our results did indicate that a proportion of the population flies directly from the orchard floor into the pecan canopy and thus would circumvent strategies that attempt to control weevils moving up the trunk. C1 [Cottrell, Ted E.; Wood, Bruce W.] ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Cottrell, TE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM tcottrell@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 10 IS 4 BP 363 EP 373 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2008.00390.x PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 358ZZ UT WOS:000259957300009 ER PT J AU Erbilgin, N Gillette, NE Owen, DR Mori, SR Nelson, AS Uzoh, F Wood, DL AF Erbilgin, Nadir Gillette, Nancy E. Owen, Donald R. Mori, Sylvia R. Nelson, Andrew S. Uzoh, Fabian Wood, David L. TI Acetophenone superior to verbenone for reducing attraction of western pine beetle Dendroctonus brevicomis to its aggregation pheromone SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anti-attractant; bark beetles; Coleoptora; predators; release rates; Scolytidae ID IPS-PARACONFUSUS COLEOPTERA; SPRUCE BARK BEETLE; LODGEPOLE PINE; PONDEROSAE COLEOPTERA; INHIBITORS VERBENONE; BEHAVIORAL CHEMICALS; FRONTALIS COLEOPTERA; FIELD RESPONSE; BAITED TRAPS; SCOLYTIDAE AB 1 The western pine beetle Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) is one of the most damaging insect pests of ponderosa pines Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. & C. Lawson in Western U.S.A. We compared the effect of verbenone, a well known bark beetle anti-aggregation pheromone, with that of acetophenone on the attraction of D. brevicomis to its aggregation pheromone in a ponderosa pine forest in northern California. We tested the D. brevicomis aggregation pheromone alone and with three different release ratios of the aggregation pheromone (attractant) to verbenone or acetophenone (1 : 1, 1 : 2 and 1 : 5). 2 All treatments containing acetophenone or verbenone resulted in a significant reduction in the catch of D. brevicomis relative to the aggregation pheromone alone. When beetle responses to the three verbenone or three acetophenone treatments were pooled, the pooled verbenone treatment caught more D. brevicomis than the pooled acetophenone treatment. 3 There was no significant difference in the number of D. brevicomis caught among the three release rates of verbenone. By contrast, the 1 : 2 attractant : acetophenone ratio attracted significantly more D. brevicomis than the traps with the 1 : 5 attractant : acetophenone ratio. 4 Attraction of a major predator, Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Trogositidae), to the aggregation pheromone of D. brevicomis was reduced by verbenone, but not by acetophenone. Moreover, the T. chlorodia : D. brevicomis ratio for the pooled acetophenone treatment was 1.7-fold greater than that for the attractant alone and two-fold greater than the ratio for the pooled verbenone treatment, suggesting that acetophenone would not disrupt populations of this natural enemy. The importance of anti-attractants in the biology of D. brevicomis and other bark beetles is discussed. C1 [Erbilgin, Nadir; Nelson, Andrew S.; Wood, David L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Organisms & Environm, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gillette, Nancy E.; Mori, Sylvia R.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. [Owen, Donald R.] Calif Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Uzoh, Fabian] USDA Forest Serv, Redding Silviculture Lab, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Erbilgin, N (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, 230A Earth Sci Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. EM erbilgin@ualberta.ca RI Erbilgin, Nadir/F-3675-2014 OI Erbilgin, Nadir/0000-0001-9912-8095 NR 56 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 10 IS 4 BP 433 EP 441 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2008.00407.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 358ZZ UT WOS:000259957300015 ER PT J AU Fuglie, KO AF Fuglie, Keith O. TI Is a slowdown in agricultural productivity growth contributing to the rise in commodity prices ? SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE O47; O57; Q10; Agricultural land quality; Agricultural cost shares; Slow growth accounting; Total factor productivity (TFP) AB A slowdown in the rate of agricultural productivity growth is thought by many observers to be contributing to the recent rise in agricultural prices. In this article I decompose sources of output growth in global agriculture into aggregate input and total factor productivity (TFP) components and examine whether productivity growth slowed substantially in the years leading up to the recent rise in commodity prices. Contrary to widely held perceptions, I find no evidence of a general slowdown in sector-wide agricultural TFP, at least through 2006. If anything, the growth rate in agricultural TFP accelerated in recent decades. However, the results do show a slowdown in the growth of agricultural investment. Accelerating TFP growth largely offset decelerating input growth to keep the real output of global agriculture growing at about 2% per year since the 1960s. Regionally, however, agricultural productivity performance has been uneven. These findings have important implications for the appropriate supply-side policy response to the current agricultural price crisis. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Fuglie, KO (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Rm N-4099,1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM kfuglie@ers.usda.gov NR 32 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 39 IS 3 BP 431 EP 441 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2008.00349.x PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 383PX UT WOS:000261686600006 ER PT J AU Cao, HP Qin, BL Panickar, KS Anderson, RA AF Cao, Heping Qin, Bolin Panickar, Kiran S. Anderson, Richard A. TI Tea and cinnamon polyphenols improve the metabolic syndrome SO AGRO FOOD INDUSTRY HI-TECH LA English DT Article ID MOUSE 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; HIGH-FRUCTOSE DIET; GREEN TEA; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; INSULIN; EXTRACT; GLUCOSE; MECHANISMS; DISEASE AB The metabolic syndrome is often a precursor of chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. Since the metabolic syndrome is multifactorial, strategies for reducing its incidence and consequences must also be multi-factorial. Green tea and cinnamon polyphenols improve glucose, insulin, lipids and related variables, and are anti-inflammatory function as antioxidants and decrease neurodegeneration. In vitro, animal and human studies support the beneficial roles of cinnamon and tea polyphenols on the metabolic syndrome and risk factors associated with it. C1 [Cao, Heping; Qin, Bolin; Panickar, Kiran S.; Anderson, Richard A.] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Anderson, RA (reprint author), ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU TEKNOSCIENZE PUBL PI MILANO PA VIALE BRIANZA 22, 20127 MILANO, ITALY SN 1722-6996 J9 AGRO FOOD IND HI TEC JI Agro Food Ind. Hi-Tech PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP 14 EP 17 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 404QV UT WOS:000263169000004 ER PT J AU Staley, TE Gonzalez, JM Neel, JPS AF Staley, Thomas E. Gonzalez, Javier M. Neel, James P. S. TI Conversion of deciduous forest to silvopasture produces soil properties indicative of rapid transition to improved pasture SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE carbon; deforestation; forest grazing; nitrogen; phosphorus; soil fertility ID PHOSPHATASE-ACTIVITY; SEASONAL-VARIATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; NEW-ZEALAND; LAND-USE; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; CARBON; RHIZOSPHERE; FERTILIZER AB Differences in soil properties between forests and pastures have been well documented in the literature, especially under coniferous forests. However, since nearly all of these reports have been time-point comparisons, utilizing long-term paired-sites, properties of transitional states and time of their appearance can only be inferred at present. In this study, a deciduous forest ecosystem was converted to a silvopasture ecosystem by tree thinning, fertilization, and sheep incorporation of seed and forest litter. After 2 years, topsoil (0-15 cm) physico-chemical properties, particularly P fractions, and phosphatases were monitored over the growing season in these ecosystems, and a nearby pasture ecosystem. Initially, before spring vegetative growth, differences were found for pH, exchangeable cations and soil moisture, most of which could be explained by management history. Compared to forest, organic-C (C(o)) and organic-N (N(o)) concentrations were reduced in silvopasture by 17 and 9%, respectively, indicative of substantial litter decomposition. Most values for all these physico-chemical properties for silvopasture were intermediate between forest and pasture, and generally remained so throughout the growing season. Initial total P (TP(t)), organic-P (TP(o)) and inorganic-P (TP(i)) concentrations were generally as anticipated for the forest and pasture. Silvopasture, however, had 36 and 23% greater TP(o) than forest and pasture, respectively, presumably due to fertilizer-P immobilization induced by incorporation of forest litter. Total P components remained essentially constant over the growing season in all ecosystems, with the exception of pasture, likely due to high forage TP(i) uptake. Bray I-extractable-organic-P (BrP(o)) and bicarbonate-extractable-organic-P (BiP(o)) concentrations, although consistently highest in the forest and silvopasture soils, were not reflective of the increase in TP(o) under silvopasture. Acid phosphatase (PMEac) activities were highest in spring in all the ecosystems, then gradually declined to typically 25-50% initial activities. Alkaline phosphatase (PMEal) activities showed a broadly-similar pattern, with exception of forest and silvopasture soils, which exhibited low activities throughout the season. For the entire data set, PMEac and PMEal activities were poorly correlated with TP(i,) BrP(i), and BiP(i). These results demonstrate that conversion of forest to silvopasture results in soil changes indicative of its rapid transition to pasture and that an increased P(o) reservoir results that should be taken into account in fertilizer-P recommendations for temperate silvopastures. C1 [Staley, Thomas E.; Gonzalez, Javier M.; Neel, James P. S.] ARS, USDA, NAA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Staley, TE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NAA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM tom.staley@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 BP 267 EP 277 DI 10.1007/s10457-008-9139-0 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 357PR UT WOS:000259859100005 ER PT J AU Rao, SC Dao, TH AF Rao, S. C. Dao, T. H. TI Relationships between Immobilized Phosphorus Uptake in Two Grain Legumes and Soil Bioactive Phosphorus Pools in Fertilized and Manure-Amended Soil SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; EXTRACTABILITY; RUNOFF; DEPHOSPHORYLATION; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; LITTER; WATER AB Mixing P-immobilizing additives with manure has raised concerns of irreversible reduction in P availability to growing crops. A potted plant growth experiment was conducted to characterize cattle manure P mineralization as modified by iron amendments and uptake by pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Triple superphosphate, untreated, or manure amended with Fe at 1:1 or 1:3 molar ratio of manure P:Fe, was applied to Dale silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, thermic Pachic Haplustolls) at the rate of 20 mg kg(-1). Whole plants were harvested at three stages of development (vegetative, flowering, and physiological maturity) to determine and correlate P uptake to changes in soil bioactive P pools over the growing season. Dry matter production was unaffected by Fe at both application rates. Phosphorus solubility and plant uptake were reduced at the 1:3 P:Fe molar ratio rate, in spite of the legumes' reported ability to secrete siderophores. Within-season changes in bioactive P fractions indicated that P was taken up from the inorganic (water-extractable P [WEP] + inorganic ligand-exchangeable P [EEP(i)]) pools. Comparing soil P pools in cropped and noncropped soils, the decrease in the organic phosphohydrolaselabile P (PHP) pool corroborated the fact that the PHP pool replenished the WEP + EEP(i) fractions. Although Mehlich 3 P and EEPi were related, the Mehlich 3 P pool showed no significant relationship with whole plant or anyplant part P. The latter did not perform as well as the EEPi pool in assessing plant availability and enzymatically mediated turnover of immobilized P. C1 [Dao, T. H.] ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rao, S. C.] ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Dao, TH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, BARC E, Bldg 306 Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM thanh.dao@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1535 EP 1540 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0405 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 376SO UT WOS:000261203500002 ER PT J AU Dellinger, AE Schmidt, JP Beegle, DB AF Dellinger, Adam E. Schmidt, John P. Beegle, Doug B. TI Developing Nitrogen Fertilizer Recommendations for Corn Using an Active Sensor SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LEAF CHLOROPHYLL; YIELD RESPONSE; VARIABILITY; REFLECTANCE; DEFICIENCY; VEGETATION AB Producers often overapply N fertilizer to corn (Zea mays L.) because of the uncertainty in predicting the economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR). Remote sensing represents a potential opportunity to reduce this uncertainty with an in-season assessment of crop N status. This study examines the relationship between EONR and reflectance from a ground-based sensor, and considers its potential for developing sidedress N recommendations for corn. Four fields with unique cropping histories were planted to corn during each of 2 yr. Three preplant whole plot treatments (control, 56 kg N ha(-1) as NH(4)NO(3), and manure) were used to create a range of N availability. Split plot treatments included seven sidedress rates (0, 22, 45, go, 135, 180, and 280 kg N ha(-1)) and one preplant rate (280 kg N ha(-1)) as NH(4)NO(3). The EONR for the sidedress N rates was determined for each whole plot treatment at each site. A ground-based active sensor was used at the sixth- to seventh-leaf growth stage (V6-V7) to collect reflectance data at 590 and 880 nm, which were then used to calculate the Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI). The EONRs for sidedress N application for the 24 preplant treatment-site combinations ranged from 0 to 202 kg N ha(-1). The EONR was strongly related to relative GNDVI (r(2) = 0.84) for the control and manure preplant treatments; but unrelated when NH(4)NO(3) was applied at planting (r(2) = 0.20). Developing sidedress N recommendations for corn using an active sensor could be an effective N management tool in Pennsylvania. C1 [Dellinger, Adam E.] USDA NRCS, Lancaster, PA 17601 USA. [Schmidt, John P.] ARS, USDA, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Beegle, Doug B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Dellinger, AE (reprint author), USDA NRCS, 1383 Arcadia Rd,Room 200, Lancaster, PA 17601 USA. EM adam.dellinger@pa.usda.gov NR 25 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1546 EP 1552 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0386 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 376SO UT WOS:000261203500004 ER PT J AU Sripada, RP Schmidt, JP Dellinger, AE Beegle, DB AF Sripada, Ravi P. Schmidt, John P. Dellinger, Adam E. Beegle, Douglas B. TI Evaluating Multiple Indices from a Canopy Reflectance Sensor to Estimate Corn N Requirements SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN STRESS; AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY; CHLOROPHYLL METER; YIELD; VEGETATION; GROWTH; VARIABILITY; PREDICTION; MANAGEMENT; LEAVES AB With the increasing cost of fertilizer N, there is a renewed emphasis on developing new technologies for quantifying in-season N requirements for corn (Zea mays L.). The objectives of this research are (i) to evaluate different vegetative indices derived from an active reflectance sensor in estimating in-season N requirements for corn, and (ii) to consider the influence of the N: Corn price ratio on the economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) developed using these indices. Field experiments were conducted at eight site-years in central Pennsylvania. A two-way factorial experiment was implemented as a split-plot randomized complete block (four blocks) design, with different rates of N applied (i) at planting (N(PL)) to create a range of N supply, corn color, and radiance; and (ii) at V6 (N(V6)) to measure yield response to N(V6). Canopy reflectance measurements were obtained using a Crop Circle (Holland Scientific, Lincoln, NE) sensor just before NV6 applications, and grain yield was determined at harvest. The EONR was determined using a quadratic-plateau yield response function for price ratios from zero to 14:1, then regressed on 21 combinations of absolute and relative spectral bands and indices. The EONR at V6 at 6:1 price ratio ranged from 0 to 221 kg ha(-1) among the eight site-years, with a mean of 69 kg ha(-1). Better prediction of EONR was obtained by indices calculated relative to a high N plot rather than absolute indices. Relative Green Difference Normalized Vegetation Index by ratio (RGNDVI(R)) was the best predictor of EONR at V6 when expressed as a linear-floor model (R(2) of 0.79). A relationship was developed so that EONR estimates derived using the Crop Circle sensor could be easily adjusted based on the current N:Corn price ratio. When N requirements are high (RGNDVI(R) = 0.8) and if the price ratio changes from 4:1 to 10: 1, the EONR would change from 267 to 214 kg ha(-1) N. C1 [Schmidt, John P.] ARS, USDA, PSWMRU, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dellinger, Adam E.] Lancaster Serv Ctr, NRCS, Lancaster, PA 17601 USA. [Beegle, Douglas B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM rps21@psu.edu NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1553 EP 1561 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0017 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 376SO UT WOS:000261203500005 ER PT J AU Yan, WG Agrama, HA Slaton, NA Gibbons, JW AF Yan, WenGui Agrama, Hesham A. Slaton, Nathan A. Gibbons, James W. TI Soil and Plant Minerals Associated with Rice Straighthead Disorder Induced by Arsenic SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MSMA; STERILITY; CULTIVARS; ARKANSAS AB Application of As as monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA) to soil has become the common practice for rice (Oryza Sativa L.) straighthead evaluation, a physiological disorder. So far, no study has reported on soil mineral availability and plant mineral uptake as affected by MSMA. Understanding how MSMA influences the availability and uptake should help reveal the causal factors of straighthead. Six cultivars rated as resistant (3), susceptible (2), and moderately susceptible (1) to straighthead were studied in soils receiving 0 and 6.7 kg MSMA ha(-1) in 2004 and 2005. Soil, flag leaves, and heading panicles were sampled and analyzed. Straighthead induced by MSMA was so severe that the susceptible cultivars yielded no grain, which validated the study. MSMA incorporation decreased soil pH, P, Mg, and Ca, increased As, S, and Mn, but had no influence on soil EC, Na, K, Zn, Cu, Fe, and organic matter. Decreased soil pH resulting from the MSMA was associated with less Ca, Mg, and P but more S, Mn, and As in the soil. MSMA increased As, Cu, Mn, Fe, S, and K but decreased B contents in the flag leaves, and increased As, Mn, S, K, and P but decreased Zn and Ca contents in the particles. Straighthead reduced grain yield and was associated with decreased Ca, Mn, and S, but not with As in flag leaves. Comparisons between reported naturally occurring straighthead and the artificially induced one from this study indicate plant and soil nutrients may behave differently when MSMA is applied. C1 [Yan, WenGui] ARS, USDA, Date Bumpers Natl Rice Res Cent, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Agrama, Hesham A.; Gibbons, James W.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Ext Cent, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Slaton, Nathan A.] Univ Arkansas, Dep Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP Yan, WG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Date Bumpers Natl Rice Res Cent, 2890 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM Wengui.Yan@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1655 EP 1661 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0108 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 376SO UT WOS:000261203500019 ER PT J AU Singer, JW AF Singer, Jeremy W. TI Corn Belt Assessment of Cover Crop Management and Preferences SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WINTER CEREAL; PERFORMANCE; YIELD AB Surveying end-users about their use of technologies and preferences provides information for researchers and educators to develop relevant research and educational programs. A mail survey was sent to Corn Belt farmers during 2006 to quantify cover crop management and preferences. Results indicated that the dominant cereal cover crops in Indiana and Illinois are winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), cereal rye and oat (Avena sativa L.) in Iowa, and oat in Minnesota. Legumes were used more frequently in Indiana and Illinois, and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) was the dominant choice across the region. Farmers relied solely on herbicides 54% of the time to kill cover crops. Ninety-three percent of respondents indicated that they received no cost sharing for using cover crops and 14% indicated that they would plant cover crops on rented land. Corn Belt farmers prefer cover crops that overwinter (68%) and fix N (64%). The information provided in this survey supplements existing knowledge that can be used to develop relevant research and educational programs to address agronomic production systems that include cover crops. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Singer, JW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jeremy.singer@ars.usda.gov RI Singer, Jeremy/G-6260-2010 FU Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture FX The author thanks Sarah Nusser and Cherie Alf for performing the statistical analysis, the comments of two anonymous reviewers, and the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture for funding to conduct the survey. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1670 EP 1672 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0151 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 376SO UT WOS:000261203500022 ER PT J AU Lehman, RM Osborne, SL Rosentrater, KA AF Lehman, R. Michael Osborne, Shannon L. Rosentrater, Kurt A. TI No Evidence That Bacillus thuringiensis Genes and Their Products Influence the Susceptibility of Corn Residue to Decomposition SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NON-BT MAIZE; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL; FIELD; PLANTS; SILAGE; GRAIN AB The possibility that Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn (Zea mays L.) residues resist decomposition compared to non-Bt residues would present direct (soil carbon turnover times) and indirect (changes in tillage practices) effects on carbon budgets in agricultural systems. We evaluated the relative decomposition of residue from two pairs of Bt and non-Bt corn hybrids from different seed manufacturers buried in the root zone of adjacent Bt and non-Bt corn plots over a period of 384 d. We found no persistent differences in residue decomposition among the different hybrids regardless of the seed manufacturer or the presence of the Bt genes (both cry1Ab and cry3Bb1 genes present in each Bt hybrid) in the residue. No significant differences in residue compositional properties or flexural strength of intact stalk sections were observed among the four hybrids. Both Bt and non-Bt residues buried in the root zone of a Bt corn hybrid decomposed faster than those buried in the root zone of the corresponding, near-isogenic non-Bt hybrid. A subsequent replicated laboratory study showed no difference between the decomposition of cellulose filter paper buried in the root zone of growing and senescing Bt and non-Bt hybrids. We conclude that (i) the presence of Bt genes and their products in chopped residue does not affect its decomposability; (ii) the presence of Bt genes does not affect the mechanical strength of the stalks; and, (iii) Bt products released from growing or senescing Bt corn plants do not adversely affect decomposition activities in the surrounding soil. C1 [Lehman, R. Michael; Osborne, Shannon L.; Rosentrater, Kurt A.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Lehman, RM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM michael.lehman@ars.usda.gov OI Lehman, Michael/0000-0002-3391-3178; Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1687 EP 1693 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0181 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 376SO UT WOS:000261203500025 ER PT J AU Eitel, JUH Long, DS Gessler, PE Hunt, ER AF Eitel, J. U. H. Long, D. S. Gessler, P. E. Hunt, E. R. TI Combined Spectral Index to Improve Ground-Based Estimates of Nitrogen Status in Dryland Wheat SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYPERSPECTRAL VEGETATION INDEXES; LEAF-AREA INDEX; PRECISION AGRICULTURE; CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; MODEL; CORN; PREDICTION; VALIDATION AB Spectral indices are useful for estimating crop yield potential and basing in-season N fertilizer applications. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is positively related to crop N status and leaf area index (LAI) under N limited conditions. However, under water limited conditions, variations in LAI may be driven by soil moisture rather than plant-available N, which will confound spectral estimates of crop N status. This study evaluated the performance of spectral indices for ground sensing of crop chlorophyll a+b content (C(ab)) and N status in dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Sensitivity of spectral indices to Cab and LAI was assessed using reflectance spectra simulated by the PROSPECT+SAIL model. Simulations showed the modified chlorophyll absorption ratio index and second modified triangular vegetation index in ratio (MCARI/MTVI2) to be sensitive to Cab and resistant to LAI. This conclusion was tested in dryland fields with measured canopy reflectance at Zadoks growth stages 57 to 60. NDVI and other simple indices were highly correlated with LAI (r(2) <= 0.84) and less well correlated with chlorophyll meter readings (r(2) <= 0.46) and flag leaf N (r(2) <= 0.29). MCARI/MTVI2 was poorly correlated with LAI (r(2) = 0.01) and more highly correlated with chlorophyll (r(2) = 0.70) and flag leaf N (r(2) = 0.54), agreeing with PROSPECT+SAIL. Use of MCARI/MTVI2 may improve ground estimates of crop N status where LAI variability is associated with water availability. This information is potentially useful for decisions whether to apply foliar N to enhance grain protein concentration of wheat. C1 [Long, D. S.] USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conserv Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Eitel, J. U. H.; Gessler, P. E.] Univ Idaho, Dep Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Hunt, E. R.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Long, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conserv Res Ctr, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM dan.long@ars.usda.gov FU U.S.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund [IS-3588-04] FX This research was supported by Research Grant Award No. IS-3588-04 from The U.S.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, and a trust agreement with John Deere Agri Services, Inc. Grateful appreciation to Lee Hawley, Scott Harper, and Jeff Newtson for access to their farm fields, and Amelia Baker for technical support. Use of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement by the USDA. NR 41 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1694 EP 1702 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0362 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 376SO UT WOS:000261203500026 ER PT J AU Singer, JW Cambardella, CA Moorman, TB AF Singer, Jeremy W. Cambardella, Cynthia A. Moorman, Thomas B. TI Enhancing Nutrient Cycling by Coupling Cover Crops with Manure Injection SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CORN PRODUCTION; SWINE MANURE; NITROGEN; RUNOFF; SOIL AB Coupling winter small grain cover crops (CC) with liquid manure injection may increase manure nutrient capture. The objectives of this research were to quantify manure injection effects using target swine (Sus scrofa) manure N rates of 112, 224, and 336 kg N ha(-1) on CC plant density, fall and spring shoot biomass, N, P, and K uptake and subsequent corn (Zea mays L.) yield. A winter rye (Secale cereale L.)-oat (Avena sativa L.) CC was established before fall manure injection. Manure injection lowered mean CC plant density 25% because of CC mortality in the injection zone. Fall CC dry matter (DM) was 26% lower in the manure treatments than the no manure CC control, although no difference was detected for N (9.4 kg ha(-1)) or P (1.4 kg ha(-1)) uptake. No difference was detected for spring DM between CC no manure and manure treatments. Shoot DM, N, P, and K uptake increased 29,41, 31, and 25% from the CC manure 112 to CC manure 224 with no increase above CC manure 224. Cover crop N uptake was higher in CC manure vs. no manure (60.1 vs. 35.6 kg ha(-1)). Cover crop P and K uptake were also higher in CC manure vs. no manure (9.2 vs. 6.6 kg P ha(-1) and 41.3 vs. 30.0 kg K ha(-1)). Corn grain yield was unaffected by CC and responded positively to manure application (11,022 with manure vs. 9,845 kg ha(-1) without manure). Coupling manure injection and cover crops can increase nutrient capture without lowering corn yield. C1 [Singer, Jeremy W.; Cambardella, Cynthia A.; Moorman, Thomas B.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Singer, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jeremy.singer@ars.usda.gov RI Singer, Jeremy/G-6260-2010 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1735 EP 1739 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0013x PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 376SO UT WOS:000261203500031 ER PT J AU Viator, RP Johnson, RM Richard, EP Waguespack, HL Jackson, W AF Viator, Ryan P. Johnson, Richard M. Richard, Edward P., Jr. Waguespack, Herman L. Jackson, Windell TI Influence of Nonoptimal Ripener Applications and Postharvest Residue Retention on Sugarcane Second Ratoon Yields SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LOUISIANA; QUALITY; GROWTH; WATER AB Retention of sugarcane (interspecific hybrids of Saccharum spp.) postharvest residue and certain glyphosate ripener application regimes may independently reduce yields of the subsequent ratoon crop in wet climates. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of ripener application and ripener treatment to harvest intervals (THI) on yields of the treated first ratoon, and the combined effects of these treatments and postharvest residue retention on the subsequent second ratoon. Whole plots consisted of either a nontreated control or 0.21 kg a.e. ha(-1) glyphosate applied to the first ratoon of cultivar LCP 85-384. Split-plots consisted of THI of 40, 50, and 60 d for all plots. Split-split plot treatments consisted of partial removal of postharvest residue or complete retention for second ratoon. Averaged across all THIs for the first ratoon, glyphosate increased sucrose yield by 300 kg ha(-1) compared with the control. The 60 d THI reduced second ratoon cane and sucrose yields by 5.4 Mg ha(-1) and 900 kg ha(-1), respectively, compared with the means of the 40 and 50 THI and sucrose yields by 300 kg ha(-1) compared with the control. Full residue retention reduced second ratoon cane and sucrose yield by 2.3 Mg ha(-1) and 300 kg ha(-1), respectively, compared with partial removal. Residue retention and glyphosate application were not negatively synergistic. Producers should remove postharvest residue from the row top and harvest ripener-treated cane at a THI of 40 to 50 d to maximize sucrose yields in the first ratoon while also preventing yield losses in the subsequent second ratoon. C1 [Viator, Ryan P.; Johnson, Richard M.; Richard, Edward P., Jr.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70360 USA. [Waguespack, Herman L.; Jackson, Windell] Amer Sugar Cane League USA, Thibodaux, LA 70301 USA. RP Viator, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Lab, 5883 USDA Rd, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM ryan.viator@ars.usda.gov FU American Sugar Cane League of the U.S.A. FX This work was funded by the American Sugar Cane League of the U.S.A. and was conducted in cooperation with Danny Naquin, owner and operator of Daniel Naquin Farms. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1769 EP 1773 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0147 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 376SO UT WOS:000261203500036 ER PT J AU Richards, TJ Eaves, J Manfredo, M Naranjo, SE Chu, CC Henneberry, TJ AF Richards, T. J. Eaves, J. Manfredo, M. Naranjo, S. E. Chu, C. -C. Henneberry, T. J. TI Spatial-temporal model of insect growth, diffusion and derivative pricing SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE invasive species; derivatives; spatial econometrics; risk management ID POPULATION; RETURNS; OPTIONS; PRICES; COTTON; COSTS AB Insect derivatives represent an important innovation in specialty crop risk management. An active over-the-counter market in insect derivatives will require a transparent pricing method. This paper develops an econometric model of the spatio-temporal process underlying a particular insect population and develops a pricing model based on this process. We show that insect derivatives can play an important risk management role in mitigating B. tabaci (whitefly) damage in cotton. Beyond developing a new risk management instrument. the key methodological contribution of this paper lies in pricing derivatives with stochastic properties in both space and time dimensions. C1 [Richards, T. J.] Arizona State Univ, Morrison Sch Management & Agribusiness, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Eaves, J.] Univ Laval, Dept Finance, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. [Naranjo, S. E.; Chu, C. -C.; Henneberry, T. J.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Richards, TJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Morrison Sch Management & Agribusiness, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. FU Risk Management Agency of the USDA [041E08310072]; Economic Research Service (PREISM) of the USDA [433AEM580086] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding for this project from the Risk Management Agency of the USDA (grant no. 041E08310072) and the Economic Research Service (PREISM) of the USDA (grant no. 433AEM580086). The authors, however, are solely responsible for the findings and conclusions presented herein are not the official position of the USDA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 90 IS 4 BP 962 EP 978 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2008.01170.x PG 17 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 354LK UT WOS:000259640900007 ER PT J AU Prestemon, JP Donovan, GH AF Prestemon, Jeffrey P. Donovan, Geoffrey H. TI Forecasting resource-allocation decisions under climate uncertainty: Fire suppression with assessment of net benefits of research SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE climate; forecast; forest service; Poisson; returns to research; wildfire suppression ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; EL-NINO; AGRICULTURAL-RESEARCH; POVERTY REDUCTION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WILDFIRE; VARIABILITY; INFORMATION; IMPACTS; CREWS AB Making input decisions under climate uncertainty often involves two-stage, methods that use expensive and opaque transfer functions. This article describes an alternative, single-stage approach to such decisions using forecasting methods. The example shown is for preseason fire suppression resource contracting decisions faced by the United States Forest Service. Two-stage decision tools have been developed for these decisions, and we compare the expected gains to the agency. in terms of reduced personnel costs. of the single-stage model over the two-stage model, existing hiring decisions, and decisions that would have been made given perfect foresight about wildfire activity. Our analysis demonstrates the potential gains to versions of our single-stage model over existing hiring decisions, equivalent to a benefit-cost ratio of 22. The research also identified additional gains accruing from imposing biases on the single-stage model, associated with asymmetric penalties from contracting decisions. C1 [Prestemon, Jeffrey P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. [Donovan, Geoffrey H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Prestemon, JP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. FU USDA Forest Service's National Fire Plan FX The authors thank Stephanie Snyder and Brandon Collins for their reviews of an earlier draft of this article. They also thank AJAE Editor Stephen K. Swallow for his helpful comments in various stages of manuscript development while in review at AJAE. Funding for this study was partially provided by the USDA Forest Service's National Fire Plan. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1118 EP 1129 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2008.01152.x PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 354LK UT WOS:000259640900017 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, SI Hoerr, SL Mendoza, JA Goh, ET AF O'Donnell, Sharon I. Hoerr, Sharon L. Mendoza, Jason A. Goh, Eugenia Tsuei TI Nutrient quality of fast food kids meals SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID DIETARY ENERGY DENSITY; US ADULTS; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; OBESITY; CONSUMPTION; OVERWEIGHT; WEIGHT; DISPARITIES; POPULATION AB Background: Exposure of children to kids meals at fast food restaurants is high; however, the nutrient quality of such meals has not been systematically assessed. Objective: We assessed the nutrient quality of fast food meals marketed to young children, ie, "kids meals." Design: The nutrient quality of kids meals was assessed primarily by using criteria from the National School Lunch Program (NSLP). Analysis compared the nutrient values of meals offered by major fast food companies with restaurants in Houston, TX, with complete publicly available data. Data described every combination of meals offered in the target market. For each meal combination, the following were analyzed: total energy, percentage of energy from fat, total fat, saturated fat, sodium, total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, added sugars, protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, iron, energy density (food only), and the number of NSLP nutrient criteria met. Results: Three percent of kids meals met all NSLP criteria. Those that met all criteria offered a side of fruit plus milk. Most were deli- sandwich- based meals. Meals that met the criteria had about one- third the fat, one- sixth the added sugars, twice the iron, and 3 times the amount of vitamin A and calcium as did kids meals that did not meet the criteria (P <= 0.001). Meals that did not meet the NSLP criteria were more than 1.5 times more energy dense than those that did meet the criteria (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Kids meals that met the NSLP criteria are uncommon and are lower in energy density. These meals may contribute to the nutritional status of children. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 88: 1388-95. C1 [O'Donnell, Sharon I.; Hoerr, Sharon L.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hoerr, Sharon L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Mendoza, Jason A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Acad Gen Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Mendoza, Jason A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dan L Duncan Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Goh, Eugenia Tsuei] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Ctr Human Nutr, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Hoerr, SL (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 139C GM Trout,FSHN Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM hoerrs@msu.edu OI Mendoza, Jason/0000-0003-0833-4358 FU Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station (SLH); USDA/ARS [58-6250-6001] FX Supported by the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station (SLH) and USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement no. 58-6250-6001 (JAM). NR 48 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 88 IS 5 BP 1388 EP 1395 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26197 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 370OD UT WOS:000260770600028 PM 18996876 ER PT J AU Bjornvad, CR Thymann, T Deutz, NE Burrin, DG Jensen, SK Jensen, BB Molbak, L Boye, M Larsson, LI Schmidt, M Michaelsen, KF Sangild, PT AF Bjornvad, Charlotte R. Thymann, Thomas Deutz, Nicolaas E. Burrin, Douglas G. Jensen, Soren K. Jensen, Bent B. Molbak, Lars Boye, Mette Larsson, Lars-Inge Schmidt, Mette Michaelsen, Kim F. Sangild, Per T. TI Enteral feeding induces diet-dependent mucosal dysfunction, bacterial proliferation, and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm pigs on parenteral nutrition SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neonate; colostrum; formula; intestine; bacterial colonization ID NEONATAL PIGLET MODEL; DIGESTIVE CAPACITY; INTESTINAL ATROPHY; PREMATURE-INFANTS; NITRIC-OXIDE; RAT MODEL; ABSORPTION; BLOOD; COLONIZATION; CLOSTRIDIUM AB Preterm neonates have an immature gut and metabolism and may benefit from total parenteral nutrition (TPN) before enteral food is introduced. Conversely, delayed enteral feeding may inhibit gut maturation and sensitize to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Intestinal mass and NEC lesions were first recorded in preterm pigs fed enterally (porcine colostrum, bovine colostrum, or formula for 20-40 h), with or without a preceding 2-to 3-day TPN period (n = 435). Mucosal mass increased during TPN and further after enteral feeding to reach an intestinal mass similar to that in enterally fed pigs without TPN (+60-80% relative to birth). NEC developed only after enteral feeding but more often after a preceding TPN period for both sow's colostrum (26 vs. 5%) and formula (62 vs. 39%, both P < 0.001, n = 43-170). Further studies in 3-day-old TPN pigs fed enterally showed that formula feeding decreased villus height and nutrient digestive capacity and increased luminal lactic acid and NEC lesions, compared with colostrum (bovine or porcine, P < 0.05). Mucosal microbial diversity increased with enteral feeding, and Clostridium perfringens density was related to NEC severity. Formula feeding decreased plasma arginine, citrulline, ornithine, and tissue antioxidants, whereas tissue nitric oxide synthetase and gut permeability increased, relative to colostrum (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, enteral feeding is associated with gut dysfunction, microbial imbalance, and NEC in preterm pigs, especially in pigs fed formula after TPN. Conversely, colostrum milk diets improve gut maturation and NEC resistance in preterm pigs subjected to a few days of TPN after birth. C1 [Bjornvad, Charlotte R.; Thymann, Thomas; Michaelsen, Kim F.; Sangild, Per T.] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Dept Human Nutr, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Schmidt, Mette] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Dept Large Anim, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Larsson, Lars-Inge] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Jensen, Soren K.; Jensen, Bent B.; Boye, Mette] Univ Aarhus, Fac Agr Sci, Dept Anim Hlth Welfare & Nutr, Tjele, Denmark. [Deutz, Nicolaas E.] Maastricht Univ, Dept Surg, Maastricht, Netherlands. [Molbak, Lars] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Vet Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Burrin, Douglas G.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Sangild, PT (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Dept Human Nutr, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. EM psa@life.ku.dk RI Jensen, Soren/N-5035-2015; OI Michaelsen, Kim F/0000-0003-0449-0839; Sangild, Per Torp/0000-0002-5462-7760; Deutz, Nicolaas/0000-0001-5845-6447 FU Danish Research Councils FX This research was supported by the Danish Research Councils. NR 48 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 295 IS 5 BP G1092 EP G1103 DI 10.1152/ajpgi.00414.2007 PG 12 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA 369DO UT WOS:000260674700023 PM 18818317 ER PT J AU Furniss, MM Kegley, SJ AF Furniss, Malcolm M. Kegley, Sandra J. TI Biology of Dendroctonus murrayanae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Idaho and Montana and Comparative Taxonomic Notes SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Scolytinae; Dendroctonus murrayanae; lodgepole pine AB We studied the biology of Dendroctonus murrayanae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Douglas, in Idaho and Montana. The beetle was not a primary agent of tree mortality. Susceptible host trees were physically damaged, had thin foliage, or were otherwise predisposed to infestation. Beetles attacked individual trees, not in groups, near ground level and at low density. Life stages and their behavior are described. Egg galleries were constructed upward and usually had short spurs. Mating occurred in the egg gallery. Eggs were laid in an elongated group, not in niches, in a shallow excavation along only one side of the egg gallery. Larvae aggregated in a communal chamber, feeding side by side, but separated before pupation. D. murrayanae has four instars. One annual generation is indicated, overwintering as larvae. D. murrayanae occurred in some trees with Pseudips (= Ips) mexicanus (Hopkins), Ips pini (Say), and Hylurgops porosus (LeConte) but seldom with the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosac Hopkins. No natural enemy or commensal insect was observed in brood chambers. A new character on the frons is described and the relationship of D. murrayanae and the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), is discussed. C1 [Kegley, Sandra J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Coeur Dalene, ID 83814 USA. RP Furniss, MM (reprint author), 1825 Orchard Ave, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM MalFurniss@turbonet.com NR 14 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1010 EP 1016 DI 10.1603/0013-8746-101.6.1010 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 371RU UT WOS:000260849800006 ER PT J AU Nagoshi, RN Armstrong, JS Silvie, P Meagher, RL AF Nagoshi, Rodney N. Armstrong, John S. Silvie, Pierre Meagher, Robert L. TI Structure and Distribution of a Strain-Biased Tandem Repeat Element in Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Florida, Texas, and Brazil SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera frugiperda; haplotype; polymorphisms ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; HOST STRAINS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE AB Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major economic pest throughout the Western Hemisphere. There exist two morphologically identical but genetically distinct strains (corn-strain and rice-strain) that differ in their host plant preferences. These strains can be distinguished by polymorphisms in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene. There is also a tandem-repeat genetic element called FR that is found in large sex-linked clusters primarily in the rice strain, as characterized by sampling of fall armyworm populations in the southeastern United States. It was recently shown that the FR element is also present in Brazil, where it exhibits a similar strain-biased distribution. In this article, the analysis of FR was extended to populations in southern Texas, one of the principle overwintering locations for fall armyworm that infests the continental United States. DNA sequence analysis and an optimized polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method demonstrated that FR sequences are present in Texas and show the same distribution pattern as observed in Florida. The distribution of FR in Florida has remained relatively unchanged over a 4-yr period, suggestive of polymorphic equilibrium and the existence of at least partial barriers to the generation of interstrain hybrids. The implications of these findings on our understanding of interstrain mating behavior and the utility of the modified detection method to study fall armyworm populations are discussed. C1 [Nagoshi, Rodney N.; Meagher, Robert L.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Armstrong, John S.] USDA ARS, KSARC, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Silvie, Pierre] CIRAD Montpellier, UPR Syst Cotonniers Petit Paysannat, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agron Dev, F-34398 Montpellier, France. [Silvie, Pierre] CIRAD Montpellier, UPR Syst Cotonniers Petit Paysannat, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agron Dev, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Nagoshi, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM rodney.nagoshi@ars.usda.gov RI Machado, Vilmar/G-1792-2012 OI Machado, Vilmar/0000-0003-4704-8602 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1112 EP 1120 DI 10.1603/0013-8746-101.6.1112 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 371RU UT WOS:000260849800018 ER PT J AU Harris, JW AF Harris, Jeffrey W. TI Effect of Brood Type on Varroa-Sensitive Hygiene by Worker Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE bees; varroa; hygiene; drone; brood ID APIS-MELLIFERA-CARNICA; JACOBSONI OUD; MITE REPRODUCTION; INFESTATION RATE; BEHAVIOR; CELLS; DRONE; DESTRUCTOR; CERANA; RESISTANCE AB Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) have been selectively bred for varroa-sensitive hygiene (VSH), which is the removal of pupae that are infested by Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman from capped brood cells. This hygienic behavior is a complex interaction of bees and brood in which brood cells are inspected, and then brood is either removed or recapped. Previous work has shown that VSH bees uncap and remove significantly more varroa-infested worker pupae than nonhygienic bees do, but nothing is known about the reactions of VSH bees to mite-infested drone brood. This study compared the reactions of VSH bees with mite-infested worker and drone brood in a laboratory test and a field test. VSH bees inspected brood cells containing mite-infested pupae of both types of brood, but they removed significantly fewer mite-infested drone pupae than mite-infested worker pupae after 1 wk. This result suggests that mite populations in VSH colonies could increase more rapidly when drone brood is available. Additionally, the percentages of uncapped pupae and uncapped mite-infested pupae were positively correlated to the natural infestation rate of brood after a 24-h exposure, but not after an exposure of 1 wk. This result suggests that the rate of uncapping brood by hygienic bees may depend on the infestation rate, which gradually decreases with longer exposures to bees that remove mite-infested pupae from capped brood. C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Harris, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM jeffrey.harris@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1137 EP 1144 DI 10.1603/0013-8746-101.6.1137 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 371RU UT WOS:000260849800021 ER PT J AU Neogi, T Felson, DT Sarno, R Booth, SL AF Neogi, T. Felson, D. T. Sarno, R. Booth, S. L. TI Vitamin K in hand osteoarthritis: results from a randomised clinical trial SO ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MATRIX GLA PROTEIN; DIETARY-INTAKE; CARTILAGE; KNEE; MINERALIZATION; WOMEN AB Objectives: Vitamin K has bone and cartilage effects, and previously shown to be associated with radiographic osteoarthritis. We evaluated vitamin K's effect on hand osteoarthritis in a randomised controlled trial. Methods: This was an ancillary study to a randomised controlled trial assessing the effects of phylloquinone supplementation (vitamin K arm) versus placebo on bone loss and vascular calcification among older adults regardless of their vitamin K status. At the final 3-year study visit, we assessed the effects of vitamin K versus placebo on hand x-ray features of osteoarthritis using logistic regression and intention to treat, and also restricted analysis to the subgroup that had insufficient vitamin K concentrations at baseline. Results: This ancillary study had 378 participants (193 in vitamin K arm, 185 in placebo arm). There were no effects of randomisation to vitamin K for radiographic osteoarthritis outcomes. Those with insufficient vitamin K at baseline who attained sufficient concentrations at follow-up had trends towards 47% less joint space narrowing (p = 0.02). Conclusions: There was no overall effect of vitamin K on radiographic hand osteoarthritis. Subjects that were insufficient in vitamin K at baseline who attained sufficient concentrations at follow-up may have had a benefit in joint space narrowing. A clinical trial in those who are vitamin K insufficient may be warranted. C1 [Neogi, T.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Clin Epidemiol Unit, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Sarno, R.] Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Booth, S. L.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Neogi, T (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Clin Epidemiol Unit, 650 Albany St,Suite X-200, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM tneogi@bu.edu OI Felson, David/0000-0002-2668-2447; Neogi, Tuhina/0000-0002-9515-1711 FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; NIH [AG14759, HL696272, AR47785]; Arthritis Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship Award; Abbott Scholar Award in Rheumatology Research FX Arthritis Foundation Innovative Research Grant, and based upon work supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-1950-7-707, and NIH (AG14759, HL696272 and AR47785). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. TN was supported by the Arthritis Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship Award and the Abbott Scholar Award in Rheumatology Research during the course of this work NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0003-4967 J9 ANN RHEUM DIS JI Ann. Rheum. Dis. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 67 IS 11 BP 1570 EP 1573 DI 10.1136/ard.2008.094771 PG 4 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 359TX UT WOS:000260012100014 PM 18625626 ER PT J AU Spiewok, S Duncan, M Spooner-Hart, R Pettis, JS Neumann, P AF Spiewok, Sebastian Duncan, Michael Spooner-Hart, Robert Pettis, Jeff S. Neumann, Peter TI Small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, populations II: Dispersal of small hive beetles SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; Apis mellifera; dispersal; honeybees; small hive beetle ID APIS-MELLIFERA HYMENOPTERA; HONEY-BEE; MURRAY COLEOPTERA; SCIENTIFIC NOTE; FOOD SOURCES; NITIDULIDAE; COLONIES; BEHAVIOR; APIDAE; INFESTATION AB Small hive beetles (= SHB), Aethina tumida, are parasites and scavengers of honeybee colonies and actively disperse for host finding. We investigated the re-infestation levels of SHB-free colonies within ten infested apiaries in South Africa, Australia and the USA. Re-infestation of 95% of the colonies indicates a high SHB exchange between colonies. Colony position and queen status had no influence on colony infestation levels. Spread into apiaries was determined at twelve SHB-free apiaries. While apiaries in Maryland remained un-infested, those in Australia showed high infestation numbers. Apiary density, SHB population levels and ongoing SHB mass reproduction seem to govern SHB infestation of newly installed apiaries. Those located in forested habitats showed higher infestation levels possibly due to the presence of wild/feral colonies. The results elucidate factors influencing SHB dispersal and the role of human-mediated spread, enabling improved control of SHB. C1 [Spiewok, Sebastian] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol, D-06099 Halle, Saale, Germany. [Duncan, Michael; Spooner-Hart, Robert] Univ Western Sydney, Ctr Plant & Food Sci, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia. [Pettis, Jeff S.] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Neumann, Peter] Swiss Bee Res Ctr, Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn ALP, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. [Neumann, Peter] Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Neumann, Peter] Yunnan Agr Univ, Eastern Bee Res Inst, Kunming, Yunnan Province, Peoples R China. RP Spiewok, S (reprint author), Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol, Hoher Weg 4, D-06099 Halle, Saale, Germany. EM S.Spiewok@web.de NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 39 IS 6 BP 683 EP 693 DI 10.1051/apido:2008054 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 387FC UT WOS:000261936100008 ER PT J AU Callicott, KA Haroardottir, H Georgsson, F Reiersen, J Frioriksdottir, V Gunnarsson, E Michel, P Bisaillon, JR Kristinsson, KG Briem, H Hiett, KL Needleman, DS Stern, NJ AF Callicott, Kenneth A. Haroardottir, Hjordis Georgsson, Franklin Reiersen, Jarle Frioriksdottir, Vala Gunnarsson, Eggert Michel, Pascal Bisaillon, Jean-Robert Kristinsson, Karl G. Briem, Haraldur Hiett, Kelli L. Needleman, David S. Stern, Norman J. TI Broiler Campylobacter Contamination and Human Campylobacteriosis in Iceland SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNDER-REPORTING RATE; POULTRY OPERATIONS; FOODBORNE PATHOGEN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; JEJUNI; SPP.; TRANSPORT; ONTARIO; STORAGE AB To examine whether there is a relationship between the degree of Campylobacter contamination observed in product lots of retail Icelandic broiler chicken carcasses and the incidence of human disease, 1,617 isolates from 327 individual product lots were genetically matched (using the flaA short variable region [SVR]) to 289 isolates from cases of human ampylobacteriosis whose onset was within approximately 2 weeks from the date of processing. When there was genetic identity between broiler isolates and human isolates within the appropriate time frame, a retail product lot was classified as implicated in human disease. According to the results of this analysis, there were multiple clusters of human disease linked to the same process lot or lots. Implicated and nonimplicated retail product lots were compared for four lot descriptors: lot size, prevalence, mean contamination, and maximum contamination (as characterized by direct rinse plating). For retail product distributed fresh, Mann-Whitney U tests showed that implicated product lots had significantly (P = 0.0055) higher mean contamination than nonimplicated lots. The corresponding median values were 3.56 log CFU/carcass for implicated lots and 2.72 log CFU/carcass for nonimplicated lots. For frozen retail product, implicated lots were significantly (P = 0.0281) larger than nonimplicated lots. When the time frame was removed, retail product lots containing Campylobacter flaA SVR genotypes also seen in human disease had significantly higher mean and maximum contamination numbers than lots containing no genotypes seen in human disease for both fresh and frozen product. Our results suggest that cases of broiler-borne campylobacteriosis may occur in clusters and that the differences in mean contamination levels may provide a basis for regulatory action that is more specific than a presence-absence standard. C1 [Callicott, Kenneth A.; Hiett, Kelli L.; Stern, Norman J.] USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Haroardottir, Hjordis; Kristinsson, Karl G.] Landspitali Natl Univ Hosp, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Georgsson, Franklin] Environm & Food Agcy, Food Lab, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Reiersen, Jarle] Reykjagarour, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Frioriksdottir, Vala; Gunnarsson, Eggert] Inst Expt Pathol, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Bisaillon, Jean-Robert] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Michel, Pascal] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Lab Foodborne Zoonoses, St Hyacinthe, PQ, Canada. [Briem, Haraldur] Directorate Hlth, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Needleman, David S.] USDA ARS, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Stern, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM norman.stern@ars.usda.gov RI Michel, Pascal/C-6134-2011 NR 22 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 74 IS 21 BP 6483 EP 6494 DI 10.1128/AEM.01129-08 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 365TB UT WOS:000260429600001 PM 18791017 ER PT J AU Lee, YJ Molina, M Domingo, JWS Willis, JD Cyterski, M Endale, DM Shanks, OC AF Lee, Yong-Jin Molina, Marirosa Domingo, Jorge W. Santo Willis, Jonathan D. Cyterski, Michael Endale, Dinku M. Shanks, Orin C. TI Temporal Assessment of the Impact of Exposure to Cow Feces in Two Watersheds by Multiple Host-Specific PCR Assays SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; HUMAN FECAL POLLUTION; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENETIC-MARKERS; INDICATOR BACTERIA; BACTEROIDES; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINATION; SURVIVAL AB Exposure to feces in two watersheds with different management histories was assessed by tracking cattle feces bacterial populations using multiple host-specific PCR assays. In addition, environmental factors affecting the occurrence of these markers were identified. Each assay was performed using DNA extracts from water and sediment samples collected from a watershed directly impacted by cattle fecal pollution (WS1) and from a watershed impacted only through runoff (WS2). In WS1, the ruminant-specific Bacteroidales 16S rRNA gene marker CF128F was detected in 65% of the water samples, while the non-16S rRNA gene markers Bac1, Bac2, and Bac5 were found in 32 to 37% of the water samples. In contrast, all source-specific markers were detected in less than 6% of the water samples from WS2. Binary logistic regressions (BLRs) revealed that the occurrence of Bac32F and CF128F was significantly correlated with season as a temporal factor and watershed as a site factor. BLRs also indicated that the dynamics of fecal-source-tracking markers correlated with the density of a traditional fecal indicator (P < 0.001). Overall, our results suggest that a combination of 16S rRNA gene and non-16S rRNA gene markers provides a higher level of confidence for tracking unknown sources of fecal pollution in environmental samples. This study also provided practical insights for implementation of microbial source-tracking practices to determine sources of fecal pollution and the influence of environmental variables on the occurrence of source-specific markers. C1 [Molina, Marirosa; Willis, Jonathan D.; Cyterski, Michael] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div,Ecosyst Assessment Branch, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Lee, Yong-Jin] US EPA, Natl Res Council, Res Associateship Programs, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Domingo, Jorge W. Santo] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Endale, Dinku M.] ARS, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Molina, M (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div,Ecosyst Assessment Branch, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM molina.marirosa@epa.gov FU National Center for Computational Toxicology of the U. S. EPA Office of Research and Development; National Research Council research fellowship award FX This research was supported in part by a New Start Award to J. W. S. D. from the National Center for Computational Toxicology of the U. S. EPA Office of Research and Development. Y.-J. L. was a recipient of a National Research Council research fellowship award. We acknowledge the owner of farm A and Stephen Norris of the U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service in Watkinsville, GA, for their help and cooperation during sample collection. We also thank Charles Budinoff and Todd Nichols for their help with sample processing and Lourdes Prieto for performing the global positioning system analysis. We are grateful to GlobeXplorer.com for providing satellite images. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 74 IS 22 BP 6839 EP 6847 DI 10.1128/AEM.00601-08 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 370UY UT WOS:000260789800003 PM 18806002 ER PT J AU Liu, YH Ream, A AF Liu, Yanhong Ream, Amy TI Gene Expression Profiling of Listeria monocytogenes Strain F2365 during Growth in Ultrahigh-Temperature-Processed Skim Milk SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEXICAN-STYLE CHEESE; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; FOOD-BORNE PATHOGEN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; VIRULENCE; STRESS; OLIGOPEPTIDES; COMPONENTS; ADAPTATION AB To study how Listeria monocytogenes survives and grows in ultrahigh-temperature-processed (UHT) skim milk, microarray technology was used to monitor the gene expression profiles of strain F2365 in UHT skim milk. Total RNA was isolated from strain F2365 in UHT skim milk after 24 h of growth at 4 degrees C, labeled with fluorescent dyes, and hybridized to "custom-made" commercial oligonucleotide (35-mers) microarray chips containing the whole genome of L. monocytogenes strain F2365. Compared to L. monocytogenes grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth for 24 h at 4 degrees C, 26 genes were upregulated (more-than-twofold increase) in UHT skim milk, whereas 14 genes were downregulated (less-than-twofold decrease). The upregulated genes included genes encoding transport and binding proteins, transcriptional regulators, proteins in amino acid biosynthesis and energy metabolism, protein synthesis, cell division, and hypothetical proteins. The downregulated genes included genes that encode transport and binding proteins, protein synthesis, cellular processes, cell envelope, energy metabolism, a transcriptional regulator, and an unknown protein. The gene expression changes determined by microarray assays were confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR analyses. Furthermore, cells grown in UHT skim milk displayed the same sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide as cells grown in BHI, demonstrating that the elevated levels of expression of genes encoding manganese transporter complexes in UHT skim milk did not result in changes in the oxidative stress sensitivity. To our knowledge, this report represents a novel study of global transcriptional gene expression profiling of L. monocytogenes in a liquid food. C1 [Liu, Yanhong; Ream, Amy] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, YH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Yanhong.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 74 IS 22 BP 6859 EP 6866 DI 10.1128/AEM.00356-08 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 370UY UT WOS:000260789800005 PM 18806004 ER PT J AU Andersen, IL Roussel, S Ropstad, E Braastad, BO Steinheim, G Janczak, AM Jorgensen, GM Boe, KE AF Andersen, Inger Lise Roussel, Sabine Ropstad, Erik Braastad, Bjarne Olai Steinheim, Geir Janczak, Andrew Morten Jorgensen, Grete Meisfjord Boe, Knut Egil TI Social instability increases aggression in groups of dairy goats, but with minor consequences for the goats' growth, kid production and development SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Agonistic behaviour; Cortisol; Dairy goats; Goat kids; Maternal effects ID FEMALE MOUNTAIN GOATS; SILVER-FOX VIXENS; PRENATAL STRESS; EMOTIONAL REACTIVITY; COMPETITION CAPACITY; REPEATED TRANSPORT; MILK-PRODUCTION; VULPES-VULPES; DOMESTIC GOAT; LYING SPACE AB The aim of the present study was to study the effects of social instability (regrouping) during the second trimester (7 weeks) of pregnancy on aggression, cortisol concentrations and growth in goats and its consequences for survival, growth and some aspects of behavioural development in the kids. Six weeks after mating, 32 goats were distributed into eight groups. In four of the groups, randomly chosen pairs of goats were rotated between groups every Monday morning (around 08:30 h) for 7 weeks (unstable groups), starting 6 weeks into gestation (second trimester). The remaining four groups were kept stable throughout the entire pregnancy (stable groups). The adult goats were video recorded for 6 h twice a week for the first, second, fourth and seventh regrouping and for the 2 last weeks before expected birth. Blood samples of the adult goats were collected in a period from I week before the start of the first regrouping and until I week before expected birth. Blood samples from a maximum of two kids from each litter were collected at 3 weeks of age. Two kids from each litter were subjected to two types of behavioural tests: a 'social test' at the age of 1 and 7 weeks and a 'novel object test' at the age of 5 weeks. Except for the higher aggression level in the unstable groups, social instability did not have any other significant effects on factors such as growth, cortisol level or kid production in the goats. There were only minor effects on the behavioural development in the goat kids. However, kids from the unstable groups showed more escape attempts in the first trial of a,social test', spent more time in contact with a novel object and unfamiliar kids, and showed less fear (escape attempts) after they were given one exposure to the social test situation. Furthermore, kids from unstable groups had a lower basal cortisol level than kids from stable groups. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Andersen, Inger Lise; Braastad, Bjarne Olai; Steinheim, Geir; Janczak, Andrew Morten; Jorgensen, Grete Meisfjord; Boe, Knut Egil] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Anim & Aquacultural Sci, NO-1432 As, Norway. [Roussel, Sabine] AgroParisTech, INRA Physiol Nutr & Alimentat, UMR, F-75231 Paris 05, France. [Ropstad, Erik] Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Dept Prod Anim Sci, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. [Janczak, Andrew Morten] ARS, USDA, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Andersen, IL (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Anim & Aquacultural Sci, POB 5003, NO-1432 As, Norway. EM inger-lise.andersen@umb.no RI Janczak, Andrew/B-4113-2013 OI Janczak, Andrew/0000-0002-1141-8272 FU Norwegian Research Council and 'Fondet for jordbruksmidler'. FX The project was funded by the Norwegian Research Council and 'Fondet for jordbruksmidler'. We thank Agnes Klouman, Kari Eikanger and Ellen Dahl for excellent technical assistance. MSc student Tone Urne also did a great job in collecting behavioural data and weighing the kids. NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 114 IS 1-2 BP 132 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2008.01.007 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 361KY UT WOS:000260127700012 ER PT J AU Purswell, JL Fritz, BK Branton, SL Leigh, SA AF Purswell, J. L. Fritz, B. K. Branton, S. L. Leigh, S. A. TI EFFECTS OF SYSTEM PRESSURE AND NOZZLE TYPE ON SPRAY APPLICATION OF AVIAN VACCINES SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Vaccination; Layer chickens; Spray application ID MYCOPLASMA-GALLISEPTICUM; STRAIN MYCOPLASMA; LAYER CHICKENS; VACCINATION; GROWTH AB Optimization of vaccine delivery via spray application of live Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) vaccine to commercial caged layer chickens is impacted by many factors. One of these factors is the pressure utilized to dispense the vaccine, which affects both application rate and droplet size. MG vaccine was applied using a self-propelled, constant speed vaccinator operated at two different pressures and using three different nozzles. Droplet size and "as-applied" coverage and deposition were measuresd to determine the effects of system pressure and nozzle type on spray characteristics. Vaccine viability was also assessed to determine how viability is affected by the spray application process. Volume median diameter (Dv(0.5)) varied with nozzle type and pressure, ranging from 154 to 193 mu m. The lowest mean Dv(0.5) observed was 154 mu m, while stastically different from the other two nozzles represents a narrow range in Dv(0.5) of 38.7 mu m. Very few respirable droplets (< 10 mu m) were observed for any of the treatments tested. The relative similarity of droplet sizes coupled with disparity of coverage and deposition between nozzle types indicated that coverage and deposition is of greater concern than droplet size, especially given the negligible amount of respirable droplets observed. C1 [Branton, S. L.] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Vet Med Off, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Fritz, B. K.] USDA ARS, Area Wide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. RP Purswell, JL (reprint author), POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jpurswell@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 24 IS 6 BP 785 EP 789 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 387FT UT WOS:000261937800010 ER PT J AU Ro, KS McConnell, LL Johnson, MH Hunt, PG Parker, D AF Ro, K. S. McConnell, L. L. Johnson, M. H. Hunt, P. G. Parker, D. TI LIVESTOCK AIR TREATMENT USING PVA-COATED POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON BIOFILTER SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE PVA biofilter; Ammonia; Hydrogen sulfide; Nitrous oxide; Livestock air; Greenhouse gas ID HYDROGEN-SULFIDE REMOVAL; NITROUS-OXIDE; BIOTRICKLING FILTER; COMPOSITE BEAD; PRESSURE-DROP; WASTE-WATER; BIOFILTRATION; EMISSIONS; AMMONIA; DESIGN AB This study, evaluated the efficacy of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)-coated powdered activated carbon particles as a biofiltration medium. This material exhibited excellent properties as a biofiltration medium with a water holding capacity of 1.39 g H(2)O/g-dry PVA; wet porosity of 0.53; and significantly lower pressure drop than that of commonly reported biofilter media such as compost. Bench-scale biofilters treating off-gas by aerating flushed swine manure samples were used to evaluate ammonia and hydrogen sulfide removal capacities along with greenhouse gas production potentials. Although ammonia adsorption capacity, was much lower than granular activated carbon, the PVA biofilter medium retained its ammonia removal capacity because of suspected biological nitrification. The PVA biofilters continued to remove 80% of ammonia in the air for the entire 37 days of operation. 1,while the biofilters produced 0.14 g N(2)O-NIL-wet PVA, another greenhouse gas methane production was negligible. Hydrogen sulfide was effectively removed (97%) by the PVA biofilters. C1 [Ro, K. S.; Johnson, M. H.; Hunt, P. G.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plants Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. [McConnell, L. L.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byproduct Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Parker, D.] W Texas A&M Univ, Canyon, TX USA. RP Ro, KS (reprint author), 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM Kyoung.Ro@ars.usda.gov RI McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011 NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 24 IS 6 BP 791 EP 798 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 387FT UT WOS:000261937800011 ER PT J AU Ritchie, GL Sullivan, DG Perry, CD Hook, JE Bednarz, CW AF Ritchie, G. L. Sullivan, D. G. Perry, C. D. Hook, J. E. Bednarz, C. W. TI PREPARATION OF A LOW-COST DIGITAL CAMERA SYSTEM FOR REMOTE SENSING SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Imagery; Camera; NDVI; Cotton; Calibration ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; VEGETATION INDEXES; BROAD-BAND; NARROW-BAND; COTTON; YIELD; PHOTOGRAPHY; QUALITY; IMAGERY; CANOPY AB Off-the-shelf consumer digital cameras are convenient and user-ftiendly. However, the use of these cameras in remote sensing is limited because convenient methods for concurrently determining visible and near-infrared (NIR) radiation using these cameras have not been developed. Two Nikon Coolpix 4300 digital cameras were evaluated in tandem to determine the effectiveness of a cross-camera calibration procedure that would allow concurrent use of all unmodified digital camera and a NIR-sensitive digital camera without preset shutter speeds or aperture settings. The NIR-sensitive camera was modifted to detect NIR radiation by replacing the internal hot mirror with a Hoya RM72 fillet: Each camera was calibrated at five exposure levels using a Gretag-Macbeth ColorChecker (TM) reflectance panel, and raw camera brightness values were converted to relative reflectance by exposure compensation equations. The method was tested oil a series of 26 diffuse reflectance targets, which also yielded the same exposure compensation relationships. The relationship between camera channel brightness and target re reflectance was nonlinear within each exposure, but sensitivity, was linear between exposures. The procedure was tested oil 36 cotton plots (Gossypium hirsutum) in all irrigation study in 2006. Images obtained oil eight dates during the season were corrected for exposure and converted to relative reflectance values. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values from the plots were then compared with ground-based spectrometer measurements of NDVI. Corrected camera-based NDVI values were closely correlated with the spectrometer NDVI values (r(2) = 0.72), suggesting that the camera system can more consistently estimate crop reflectance characteristics if exposure compensation is applied. C1 [Ritchie, G. L.] Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Sullivan, D. G.] USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Perry, C. D.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Tifton, GA USA. [Bednarz, C. W.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Ritchie, GL (reprint author), POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM gritchie@uga.edu FU Georgia Cotton Commission FX This project was funded by a grant from the Georgia Cotton Commission. Special thanks to Lola Sexton. Dudley Cook, and Trey Davis for data collection and technical support. Inclusion of an instrument does not indicate endorsement by the authors to the exclusion of other similar devices. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 24 IS 6 BP 885 EP 894 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 387FT UT WOS:000261937800020 ER PT J AU Canakci, S Kacagan, M Inan, K Belduz, AO Saha, BC AF Canakci, Sabriye Kacagan, Murat Inan, Kadriye Belduz, Ali Osman Saha, Badal C. TI Cloning, purification, and characterization of a thermostable alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase from Anoxybacillus kestanbolensis AC26Sari SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alpha-L-Arabinofuranosidase; Anoxybacillus kestanbolensis; Arabinan; Arabinoxylan; Arabinooligosaccharides ID GEOBACILLUS-STEAROTHERMOPHILUS T-6; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; BACILLUS-STEAROTHERMOPHILUS; GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASE; CELL-WALL; POLYSACCHARIDES; IDENTIFICATION; DEGRADATION AB The gene, AbfAC26Sari, encoding an alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase from Anoxybacillus kestanbolensis AC26Sari, was isolated, cloned, sequenced, and characterizated. On the basis of amino acid sequence similarities, this 57-kDa enzyme could be assigned to family 51 of the glycosyl hydrolase classification system. Characterization of the purified recombinant alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase produced in Escherichia coli BL21 revealed that it is active at a broad pH range (pH 4.5 to 9.0) and at a broad temperature range (45-85 degrees C) and it has an optimum pH of 5.5 and an optimum temperature of 65 degrees C. Kinetic experiment at 65 degrees C with p-nitrophenyl alpha-L-arabinofuranoside as a substrate gave a V-max and K-m values of 1,019 U/mg and 0.139 mM, respectively. The enzyme had no apparent requirement of metal ions for activity, and its activity was strongly inhibited by 1 mM Cu2+ and Hg2+. The recombinant arabinofuranosidase released L-arabinose from arabinan, arabinoxylan, oat spelt xylan, arabinobiose, arabinotriose, arabinotetraose, and arabinopentaose. Endoarabinanase activity was not detected. These findings suggest that AbfAC26Sari is an exo-acting enzyme. C1 [Canakci, Sabriye; Kacagan, Murat; Inan, Kadriye; Belduz, Ali Osman] Karadeniz Tech Univ, Fac Arts & Sci, Dept Biol, TR-61080 Trabzon, Turkey. [Saha, Badal C.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Canakci, S (reprint author), Karadeniz Tech Univ, Fac Arts & Sci, Dept Biol, TR-61080 Trabzon, Turkey. EM sabriye@ktu.edu.tr OI BELDUZ, Ali Osman/0000-0003-2240-7568 FU The Scientific and Research Council of Turkey [104T286]; Karadeniz Technical University Research Foundation [2007.111.04.10] FX We are grateful to The Scientific and Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, Grant no. 104T286) and Karadeniz Technical University Research Foundation (grant no. 2007.111.04.10) for financial support. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 81 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s00253-008-1584-1 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 363II UT WOS:000260260600007 PM 18679678 ER PT J AU Prischmann, DA Lehman, RM Christie, AA Dashiell, KE AF Prischmann, Deirdre A. Lehman, R. Michael Christie, Amy A. Dashiell, Kenton E. TI Characterization of bacteria isolated from maize roots: Emphasis on Serratia and infestation with corn rootworms (Chrysomelidae: Diabrotica) SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Diabrotica; Rhizobacteria; Root-insect interactions; Serratia grimesii; Serratia marcescens A1b; Subterranean pest ID ZEALAND GRASS GRUB; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; YELLOW VINE DISEASE; COSTELYTRA-ZEALANDICA; AMBER DISEASE; PLANT-GROWTH; ZEA-MAYS AB Larval corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are soil-dwelling insect pests that damage maize (Zea mays L.) by consuming root tissues, thus lowering grain yield. Little is known about interactions between rootworms and soil bacteria, including potential impacts of maize rhizobacteria, such as entomopathogenic Serratia spp., on subterranean rootworm pests. We used selective growth medium (caprylate-thallous agar, CT) to quantify and isolate Serratia spp. from: (1) bulk soil, (2) roots of four field-grown maize genotypes, half of which were infested with rootworm eggs from a reared colony, and (3) non-diseased, larval rootworms from the same colony. Phenotypic testing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to identify bacteria, including non-Serratia spp., that were successfully isolated on the CT solid medium. We also isolated and identified Serratia spp. associated with non-diseased and diseased Diabrotica adults. Serratia spp. associated with maize roots were more abundant than those associated with bulk soil, where they were undetectable with our methods except for Serratia grimesii. There was no impact of plant genotype on densities of bacteria isolated from maize roots. S. grimesii was frequently associated with maize roots, regardless of infestation with rootworm eggs. Serratia marcescens biotype A4, Serratia plymuthica and several other Enterobacteriaceae genera were also associated with maize roots. Infesting the soil with rootworm eggs enhance the occurrence of two strains of the S. marcescens biotype A1b, with comparable densities of these orange and pink strains within infested roots. However, both strains were associated with larval rootworms from the reared colony, which may indicate that rootworms were introducing these bacteria into infested maize roots. In addition, within larvae the orange strain was significantly more abundant than the pink strain, and was also associated with diseased rootworm adults. Our studies identified specific Serratia strains associated with diseased rootworms that may have potential as biological control agents, and additional Serratia biotypes associated with the maize rhizosphere that, based on the literature, may function as plant growth promoting agents via antagonistic action against plant-pathogenic fungi. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Prischmann, Deirdre A.; Lehman, R. Michael; Christie, Amy A.; Dashiell, Kenton E.] ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Prischmann, DA (reprint author), ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM deirdre_prischmann@yahoo.com OI Lehman, Michael/0000-0002-3391-3178 NR 111 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 40 IS 3 BP 417 EP 431 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2008.06.012 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 364EQ UT WOS:000260319400003 ER PT J AU Song, Y Deng, SP Acosta-Martinez, V Katsalirou, E AF Song, Y. Deng, S. P. Acosta-Martinez, V. Katsalirou, E. TI Characterization of redox-related soil microbial communities along a river floodplain continuum by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and 16S rRNA genes SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Redox state; River floodplain; Soil microbial diversity; Microbial community structure; FAME; T-RFLP; 16S rRNA genes ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; COASTAL MARINE SEDIMENT; HEAVY-METAL; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; METABOLIC-ACTIVITY; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; DIVERSITY; BIOMASS; PROFILES AB Redox states affect substrate availability and energy transformation, and, thus, play a crucial role in regulating soil microbial abundance, diversity, and community structure. We evaluated microbial communities in soils under oxic, intermittent, and anoxic conditions along a river floodplain continuum using fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and 16S rRNA genes-based terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) bacterial fingerprints. in all the soils tested, microbial communities clustered according to soil redox state by both evaluation techniques. Bacteria were dominant components of soil microbial communities, while mycorrhizal fungi composed about 12% of the microbial community in the oxic soils. Gram-positive bacteria consisted >10% of the community in all soils tested and their abundance increased with increasing soil depth when shifting from oxic to anoxic conditions. In the anoxic soils, Gram-positive bacteria composed about 16% of the total community, suggesting that their growth and maintenance were not as sensitive to oxygen supply as for other microbes. In general, microorganisms were more abundant and diverse, and distributed more evenly in the oxic layers than the anoxic layers. The decrease in abundance with increasing oxygen and substrate limitation, however, was considerably more drastic than the decrease in diversity, suggesting that growth of soil microorganisms is more energy demanding than maintenance. The lower diversity in the anoxic than the oxic soils was attributed primarily to the differences in oxygen availability in these soils. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Song, Y.; Deng, S. P.; Katsalirou, E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Acosta-Martinez, V.] ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Deng, SP (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, 368 Ag Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM shiping.deng@okstate.edu RI song, yang/P-1033-2015 FU NSF 0121402 National Science Foundation; Oklahoma Agricultural Experimental Station (OAES) [h-OKLO2394, h-OKLO2460] FX This work was supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation (NSF 0121402), and by the Oklahoma Agricultural Experimental Station (OAES) under project(s) h-OKLO2394 and h-OKLO2460. We would like to thank John Cotton at the Cropping Systems Research Laboratory for assisting in the soil FAME analysis. NR 47 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 40 IS 3 BP 499 EP 509 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2008.07.005 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 364EQ UT WOS:000260319400011 ER PT J AU Sandu, S Brazil, B Hallerman, E AF Sandu, Simonel Brazil, Brian Hallerman, Eric TI Efficacy of a pilot-scale wastewater treatment plant upon a commercial aquaculture effluent I. Solids and carbonaceous compounds SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Recirculating aquaculture system; Wastewater treatment; Suspended solids; Turbidity; Foam; COD; cBOD(5); Ozone ID SEQUENTIAL OZONATION; NITROGEN REMOVAL; ORGANIC-MATTER; OZONE; SYSTEM; DENITRIFICATION; BIODEGRADABILITY; INTEGRATION; FISH AB A pilot-scale wastewater treatment station was built and operated at a commercial recirculating aquaculture facility in order to initiate, characterize and optimize the operation of a treatment strategy for effluent recovery and reuse. The treatment train consisted of sedimentation, denitrification, ozonation, trickling filter treatment, and chemical flocculation. The study consisted of four different sets of treatment conditions, differentiated by alternative use of 6 or 4 lpm flow and recycling rates, ozone doses between 36.6 and 82.5 Mg O(3)/l water, and 6- or 9-min ozonation time. The effects of treatment on solids and dissolved organic compounds are reported here; Over 70% of solids were removed by sedimentation under all experimental conditions. At the end of treatment, up to 99% of TSS was removed due to the combined action of ozonation and chemical flocculation. COD removal was not significantly different among experimental conditions by sedimentation (59.2-62.7%, p > 0.05), but was positively correlated with ozone dose (slope = 0.452, r(2) = 0.99), yielding total COD removal eta(CODt) of 19.8-40.7%. Of these amounts, 60.4-66.5% of COD was removed with foam. while the balance was mineralized. The ozone reactivity was 83.7% at a dose of 82.5 mg O(3)/l water. The ozone consumption coefficient Y(O(3)/CODox) for COD oxidized was 1.92-2.23 g/g O(3) COD and 0.70-0.78 g O(3)/g COD when total COD removed was considered. Overall. 87.9-92.4% of COD was removed by the treatment train, to an average of 44 mg/l at the highest ozone dose, a value 3.3-3.9 times less than in fish tanks. Under the same conditions, cBOD(5) was reduced by 88%, 3.8-4.1 times less than in fish tanks. The water's biodegradability was increased by over 20%. DOC did not change significantly through the treatment train, and fluctuated through the system due to methanol addition to support denitrification. Work with the pilot station showed that the treatment strategy employed could support effective recovery and recycling of aquaculture effluent, although salts and refractory organics may accumulate in the system. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sandu, Simonel; Hallerman, Eric] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Brazil, Brian] ARS, Natl Ctr Cold & Coolwater Aquaculture, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Hallerman, E (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ehallerm@vt.edu FU Commercial Fish and Shellfish Technologies; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University FX S.S. was supported by a Commercial Fish and Shellfish Technologies grant award to E.H. and by the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. We are grateful for access to the facilities of Blue Ridge Aquaculture and the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Virginia Tech University and for the technical training and advice of Dr. Nancy Love and Julie Petruska. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 39 IS 2-3 BP 78 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2008.08.001 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 387GD UT WOS:000261938800003 ER PT J AU Shelby, KS Popham, HJR AF Shelby, Kent S. Popham, Holly J. R. TI Cloning and Characterization of the Secreted Hemocytic Prophenoloxidases of Heliothis virescens SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heliothis virescens; HvPP0-1; HvPP0-2; bacterial infection; viral infection ID DENSITY-DEPENDENT PROPHYLAXIS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; TOBACCO HORNWORM; INSECT IMMUNITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO AB The plasma enzyme phenoloxidase plays an important role in host resistance against viral, bacterial, fungal, filarial, and parositoid challenge. Two Heliothis virescens prophenoloxidase transcripts, HvPP0-1 and HvPP0-2, were assembled from ESTs derived from a hemocyte cDNA library. The 2,363-bp HvPP0-1 contig encoded a 696-amino acid protein. The 3,255-bp HvPP0-2 contig encoded a 684-amino acid protein. Hemocyte and fat body transcript levels of HvPP0-1 were slightly elevated by bacterial infection in 5th instar larvae; however, HvPP0-2 expression was not significantly elevated above controls by bacterial infection. Per os infection of 4th instar larvae with the baculovirus Helicoverpa zea SNPV (HzSNPV) had a mild but significant suppressive effect upon fat body and hemocytic HvPP0-1 expression when compared to expression in same-aged controls. HvPP0-2 expression levels in fat bodies and hemocytes from 4th instar larvae was not significantly altered by HzSNPV infection. HzSNPV infection of 5th instar larvae caused no significant alteration of HvPP0-1 or of HvPP0-2 expression in either fat bodies or hemocytes. Thus, even though prophenoloxidase subunits are constitutively expressed at high levels in larval H. virescens hemocytes and fat bodies, the subunit HvPP0-1 is differentially regulated by bacterial and baculoviral infection. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 69:127-142, 2008. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Shelby, Kent S.; Popham, Holly J. R.] ARS, USDA, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Shelby, KS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM Kent.Shelby@ars.usda.gov RI Shelby, Kent/E-1605-2011 OI Shelby, Kent/0000-0001-9859-3497 NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 69 IS 3 BP 127 EP 142 DI 10.1002/arch.20274 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 368LU UT WOS:000260623400003 PM 18839417 ER PT J AU Raina, A Murphy, C AF Raina, Ashok Murphy, Charles TI A new gland associated with the retrocerebral complex of the adult corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea SO ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE moth; Helicoverpa zea; gland; retrocerebral complex; ultrastructure; nerve connections ID MANDUCA-SEXTA AB We report the discovery of a single-celled putative new gland associated with the retrocerebral complex in the adults of Helicoverpa zea. The gland was not observed in Manduca sexta and few other species of moths. The pair of glands, each 50.6 +/- 5.5 mu m in diameter, is located on either side of the recurrent nerve. Each gland is connected on one end through a fine nerve to the nervus corporis cardiaci-3 (NCC-3) and at the opposite end to the corpora allata through a thin fiber. The gland is composed of a giant cell with a large nucleus. The cytoplasm has an abundance of mitochondria in addition to dense bodies, electron lucent spheres, concentric whorls of tough endoplasmic reticulum and few vacuoles. At this stage we have no idea as to the function of this new gland. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Raina, Ashok] ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Murphy, Charles] ARS, Electron Microscopy Unit, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Raina, A (reprint author), ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM ashok.raina@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-8039 J9 ARTHROPOD STRUCT DEV JI Arthropod Struct. Dev. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 37 IS 6 BP 535 EP 538 DI 10.1016/j.asd.2008.05.001 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 355VU UT WOS:000259738100009 PM 18635395 ER PT J AU Zingg, JM Kempna, P Paris, M Reiter, E Villacorta, L Cipollone, R Munteanu, A De Pascale, C Menini, S Cueff, A Arock, M Azzi, A Ricciarelli, R AF Zingg, Jean-Marc Kempna, Petra Paris, Marcel Reiter, Elke Villacorta, Luis Cipollone, Rita Munteanu, Adelina De Pascale, Clara Menini, Stefano Cueff, Alexandra Arock, Michel Azzi, Angelo Ricciarelli, Roberta TI Characterization of three human sec14p-like proteins: alpha-Tocopherol transport activity and expression pattern in tissues SO BIOCHIMIE LA English DT Article DE Vitamin E; Mitochondria; Golgi; Sec14-like proteins; Phosphatidylinositol kinase; Secretion ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; VITAMIN-E; MAST-CELLS; BENZODIAZEPINE-RECEPTOR; MITOCHONDRIAL-FUNCTION; IN-VITRO; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE HOMEOSTASIS; CHOLESTEROL-BIOSYNTHESIS; MEMBRANE TRAFFICKING; RAT-LIVER AB Three closely related human sec14p-like proteins (hTAP1, 2, and 3, or SEC14L2, 3, and 4, respectively) have been described. These proteins may participate in intracellular lipid transport (phospholipids, squalene, tocopherol analogues and derivatives) or influence regulatory lipid-dependent events. Here, we show that the three recombinant hTAP proteins associate with the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria, and enhance the in vitro transport of radioactively labeled cc-tocopherol to mitochondria in the same order of magnitude as the human a-tocopherol transfer protein (alpha-TTP). hTAP1 and hTAP2 are expressed in several cell lines, whereas the expression level of hTAP3 is low. Expression of hTAP1 is induced in human umbilical cord blood-derived mast cells upon differentiation by interleukin 4. In tissues, the three hTAPs are detectable ubiquitously at low level; pronounced and localized expression is found for hTAP2 and hTAP3 in the perinuclear region in cerebellum, lung, liver and adrenal gland. hTAP3 is well expressed in the epithelial duct cells of several glands, in ovary in endothelial cells of small arteries as well as in granulosa and thecal cells, and in testis in Leydig cells. Thus, the three hTAPs may mediate lipid uptake, secretion, presentation, and sub-cellular localization in a tissue-specific manner, possibly using organelle- and enzyme-specific docking sites. (c) 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Zingg, Jean-Marc; Kempna, Petra; Paris, Marcel; Reiter, Elke; Villacorta, Luis; Cipollone, Rita; De Pascale, Clara; Azzi, Angelo] Univ Bern, Inst Biochem & Mol Med, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Munteanu, Adelina] Carol Davila Univ, Fac Med, Dept Physiol, Bucharest, Romania. [Menini, Stefano] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Clin Sci, Rome, Italy. [Cueff, Alexandra; Arock, Michel] Ecole Normale Super, CNRS, LBPA, UMR 8113, F-94235 Cachan, France. [Ricciarelli, Roberta] Univ Genoa, Dept Expt Med, I-16126 Genoa, Italy. RP Zingg, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, Off 621,JM USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM zin34@swissonline.ch RI Villacorta, Luis/E-8937-2011; Munteanu, Adelina/C-6288-2012; Menini, Stefano/G-1130-2010 OI Villacorta, Luis/0000-0001-7824-7028; Menini, Stefano/0000-0001-7328-2385 FU Swiss National Science Foundation; Foundation for Nutrition Research in Switzerland FX This study was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Foundation for Nutrition Research in Switzerland. We thank M. Feher for excellent technical assistance. NR 73 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0300-9084 J9 BIOCHIMIE JI Biochimie PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 90 IS 11-12 BP 1703 EP 1715 DI 10.1016/j.biochi.2008.07.008 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 381WU UT WOS:000261567400011 PM 18725265 ER PT J AU Mitchell, R Vogel, KP Sarath, G AF Mitchell, Rob Vogel, Kenneth P. Sarath, Gautam TI Managing and enhancing switchgrass as a bioenergy feedstock SO BIOFUELS BIOPRODUCTS & BIOREFINING-BIOFPR LA English DT Review DE bioenergy; biomass; cellulosic ethanol; renewable energy ID WARM-SEASON; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; BIG BLUESTEM; GENETIC-MODIFICATION; HERBACEOUS PLANTS; ENERGY-PRODUCTION; SOIL CARBON; YIELD; ESTABLISHMENT; NITROGEN AB The United States Department of Energy (DOE) has identified switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) as a viable perennial herbaceous feedstock for cellulosic ethanol production. Although switchgrass bioenergy research was initiated by USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE, USA in 1990, switchgrass research has been conducted at this location since the 1930s. Consequently, a significant amount of genetic and agronomic research on switchgrass has been conducted for the Corn Belt and Central Great Plains of the USA that is directly applicable to its use as a biomass energy crop. Similar research must be conducted in other major agroecoregions to verify or modify switchgrass management practices (agronomics) for bioenergy production. The technology to utilize switchgrass for producing ethanol using a cellulosic platform or by pyrolysis to generate syngas is advancing rapidly. Regardless of platform, using switchgrass for ethanol production will require the development of improved bioenergy cultivars or hybrids and improved agronomics to optimize production and will introduce competing uses for the land base. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd C1 [Mitchell, Rob] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Mitchell, Rob] ARS, USDA, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Mitchell, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Rob.Mitchell@ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 25 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1932-104X J9 BIOFUEL BIOPROD BIOR JI Biofuels Bioprod. Biorefining PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 2 IS 6 BP 530 EP 539 DI 10.1002/bbb.106 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 387KI UT WOS:000261950700015 ER PT J AU Manrique, V Cuda, JP Overholt, WA Williams, DA Wheeler, GS AF Manrique, Veronica Cuda, J. P. Overholt, W. A. Williams, D. A. Wheeler, G. S. TI Effect of host-plant genotypes on the performance of three candidate biological control agents of Schinus terebinthifolius in Florida SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Host-plant genotypes; Biological control; Local adaptation; Schinus terebinthifolius; Episimus utilis; Pseudophilothrips ichini ID FLOWER THRIPS THYSANOPTERA; EUPHORBIA-ESULA GENOTYPE; BRAZILIAN PEPPERTREE; FRANKLINIELLA-OCCIDENTALIS; LOCAL ADAPTATION; DISPERSAL; LEPIDOPTERA; RESISTANCE; IMPACT; ANACARDIACEAE AB Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, native to South America, is an invasive weed in Florida, California, Texas, and Hawaii. Genetic studies have recognized two S. terebinthifolius haplotypes (A and B) in Florida, and extensive hybridization has occurred between these two populations. Three candidate biological control agents were identified from the native range (Brazil); a leaflet rolling moth Episimus utilis Zimmerman, a thrips Pseudophilothrips ichini Hood from Ouro Preto, and an unindentified thrips, referred to as Pseudophilothrips sp. near ichini, from Curitiba, Brazil. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of these three candidate agents on different S. terebinthifolius genotypes found in Florida and Brazil. Survival (54%), adult longevity (9 days), fecundity (84 eggs laid), and fertility (68% eggs hatched) of E. utilis were similar on all S. terebinthifolius genotypes tested from Florida. In contrast, the two thrips species differed in their ability to utilize different genotypes of their host plant. Pseudophilothrips sp. near ichini exhibited low survival (0-4%)and short adult longevity (<10 days) when reared on Florida genotypes, whereas higher survival (similar to 50%) and longevity (similar to 30 days) were observed for P. ichini on these genotypes. These findings highlight the importance of examining insect performance on plant genotypes present in the introduced and native ranges when selecting biological control agents. The ecological significance of the results is discussed in the context of plant genotypes and possible local adaptation of their natural enemies. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Manrique, Veronica; Overholt, W. A.] Univ Florida, Biol Control Res & Containment Lab, Jacksonville, FL 34945 USA. [Cuda, J. P.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Williams, D. A.] Texas Christian Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. [Wheeler, G. S.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Manrique, V (reprint author), Univ Florida, Biol Control Res & Containment Lab, 2199 S Rock Rd, Jacksonville, FL 34945 USA. EM vero72@ufl.edu RI Williams, Dean/H-6108-2016 OI Williams, Dean/0000-0002-9001-6019 FU weed biocontrol laboratory (University of Florida, USA); Florida Department of Environmental Protection; South Florida Water Management District; Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council FX The authors are grateful to the colleagues from the weed biocontrol laboratory (University of Florida, USA) for their constant support and assistance during this study: J. Gillmore, J.C. Medal, R. Diaz, O. Moeri, J. Markle, L. Markle, Y. Valenzuela, D. Gonzalez, and A. Samayoa. Special thanks to the collaborators in Brazil for providing the insects: H.J. Pedrosa-Macedo (Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil), and M.D. Vitorino (Regional University of Blumenau, Brazil). The authors also are thankful to Dr. L. Mound (CSIRO Entomology, Australia) for conducting the morphological studies on the two thrips species. Earlier versions of this manuscript have been improved by Dr. H. McAuslane and Dr. A. Fox (University of Florida, USA). This project was supported by grants from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, South Florida Water Management District, and Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. NR 49 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.07.005 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 361TX UT WOS:000260151100007 ER PT J AU Woods, DM Pitcairn, MJ Joley, DB Turner, CE AF Woods, Dale M. Pitcairn, Michael J. Joley, Donald B. Turner, Charles E. TI Seasonal phenology and impact of Urophora sirunaseva on yellow starthistle seed production in California SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Urophora sirunaseva; Centaurea solstitialis; Biological control; Gall fly; Gall; Seed production; Gall impact ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HOST-SPECIFICITY; HERING DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; ESTABLISHMENT AB The gall fly, Urophora sirunaseva, is one of six insect species released as classical biological control agents to control the invasive weed, yellow starthistle. Two study sites were established in Northern California to evaluate the per capita impact of galls on seed production. Evaluations during two years at each site used small cloth bags placed over developing seedheads to contain developing seeds and insects. Larger seedheads produced more seed but also supported more galls. Within-seedhead gall densities as high as 15 were detected. The impact of a single gall was estimated to reduce seed number by between 2.1-2.9 seeds per gall. A regression model was developed that estimated percentage seed loss as a function of seedhead size and number of galls. Individual galls were estimated to cause a 5-11 % decrease in seed production compared to ungalled seedheads. The impact of the gall fly was greatest in smaller seedheads at both sites. Gall densities did not reach levels needed to exert significant control of seed production. Seed production in non-galled seedheads was not affected by the presence of galls in seedheads elsewhere on the plant. Gall flies were more likely to attack plants already supporting galls. Two generations of the fly were detected at both sites. The occurrence of overwintering larvae began in mid- to late-July depending on site. By early-August, all new galls held only overwintering larvae. Follow-up samples at one location eight years later showed the gall fly still present but at less than half of the population level observed earlier. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Woods, Dale M.; Pitcairn, Michael J.; Joley, Donald B.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Biol Control Program, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. [Woods, Dale M.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Plant Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Joley, Donald B.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Seed Inspect Lab, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. [Turner, Charles E.] ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Woods, DM (reprint author), Calif Dept Food & Agr, Biol Control Program, 3288 Meadowview Rd, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. EM dwoods@cdfa.ca.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 172 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.08.011 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 361TX UT WOS:000260151100008 ER PT J AU Yang, ZQ Wang, XY Gould, JR Wu, H AF Yang, Zhong-Qi Wang, Xiao-Yi Gould, Juli R. Wu, Hui TI Host specificity of Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an important parasitoid of the emerald ash borer SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Spathius agrili; Emerald ash borer; Agrilus planipennis; Host range; Specificity; Natural enemy importation; Biological control ID INDUCED PLANT VOLATILES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; RANGE; CHINA; PLANIPENNIS; COLEOPTERA AB To investigate the host range of Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a total of 18 wood boring insects either in the genus Agrilus or associated with ash forests were collected, reared, and presented to S. agrili females in no-choice tests. Results showed that S. agrili can parasitize some other insect larvae in genus of Agrilus, but attack rates were significantly lower than its natural host, emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennisi Faimaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). In Y-tube olfactometer tests, female S. agrili were only attracted to twigs and leaves of EAB infested Fraxinus velutina and F. pennsylvanica, and not to 12 other potential host plants. Two other plants, Prunus persica (L.) and Ailanthus altissima (Mill.), significantly repelled the EAB. Field surveys of 17 wood boring insects, including six species of Agrilus, revealed that none of these species were parasitized by S. agrili. It was indicated that the EAB natural parasitoid S. agrili has high host specificity. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Zhong-Qi; Wang, Xiao-Yi] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Forest Ecol Environm & Protect, State Forestry Adm China, Key Lab Forest Protect, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. [Gould, Juli R.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol Lab, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. [Wu, Hui] N Greening Ctr, Changchun 130117, Jilin, Peoples R China. RP Yang, ZQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Forest Ecol Environm & Protect, State Forestry Adm China, Key Lab Forest Protect, Dongxiaofu 2, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. EM yzhqi@caf.ac.cn FU USDA-APHIS; International Foundation for Science [D/3689-2]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30671689, 30400343] FX We thank Shu-Jun Wei (College of Agricultural & Bio-Technology, Zhejiang University) for collecting Agrilus auilventris; Ke-Gong Kang (Yangling Vocational & Technical College) and Hui Wu and Miao-Miao Yang (College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University) for collecting A. zanthoxylumi. We are indebted to Jian-Xing Zhao and Lan-Fen Qiu, (Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry) for collecting Chrysobotris affinis Fabricius, and Dr. Wei-Hua Wang (Shunyi Forestry Bureau, Beijing) for helping to collect Lamprodila bellula (Lewis). This work was supported by grants from USDA-APHIS, the International Foundation for Science (D/3689-2, Sweden), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30671689,30400343). NR 35 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 216 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.08.001 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 361TX UT WOS:000260151100014 ER PT J AU Ginzburg, O Whitford, WG Steinberger, Y AF Ginzburg, Orit Whitford, W. G. Steinberger, Y. TI Effects of harvester ant (Messor spp.) activity on soil properties and microbial communities in a Negev Desert ecosystem SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE Harvester ants; Microbial community; Soil moisture; Soil organic matter; Desert system ID FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; CATABOLIC DIVERSITY; METABOLIC QUOTIENT; MOJAVE DESERT; NESTS; BIOMASS; BIOTA; FIELD; DECOMPOSITION; AVAILABILITY AB Harvester ants (Messor spp.) function as an essential link between aboveground resources and below-ground biota such as the microbial community. We examined changes in soil microbial biomass and functional diversity resulting from harvester ant (Messor spp.) activity in the Negev Desert, Israel. Abiotic and biotic soil parameters were recorded during two seasons-wet and dry-also representing food availability periods for the ants (low and high seed availability, respectively). Soil samples were collected monthly from the 0- to 10- and 10- to 20-cm soil layers: (1) near the nest entrance, (2) under chaff piles, and (3) at a 2-m radius from the nest entrance (control). Harvester ant activity increased the percentage of organic matter, total soluble nitrogen, and microbial activity in nest-modified soils in comparison to the control soils. Higher CO2 evolution was recorded in the low-seed season in ant nest soils than in the control soils. During the high-seed season, higher carbon dioxide evolution was recorded only at the nest entrance locations. There were no differences in microbial biomass between the low- and high-seed seasons, but highest microbial biomass was found under chaff in low-seed season and in nest soils in high-seed season. Microbial functional diversity was higher in nest-modified soils than in the control soils. This study suggests that the effect of harvester ant nests on soil fertility is due to increased microbial biomass and microbial activity in ant nest-modified soils. C1 [Ginzburg, Orit; Steinberger, Y.] Bar Ilan Univ, Mina & Everard Goodman Fac Life Sci, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Whitford, W. G.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88000 USA. RP Steinberger, Y (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Mina & Everard Goodman Fac Life Sci, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM steinby@mail.biu.ac.il FU International Arid Lands Consortium [Y410375-04R-22] FX This research was supported by grant number Y410375-04R-22 from the International Arid Lands Consortium to Y. Steinberger. NR 49 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 EI 1432-0789 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD NOV PY 2008 VL 45 IS 2 BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.1007/s00374-008-0309-z PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 368PS UT WOS:000260635600006 ER PT J AU Nishiyama, Y Johnson, GP French, AD Forsyth, VT Langan, P AF Nishiyama, Yoshiharu Johnson, Glenn P. French, Alfred D. Forsyth, V. Trevor Langan, Paul TI Neutron Crystallography, Molecular Dynamics, and Quantum Mechanics Studies of the Nature of Hydrogen Bonding in Cellulose I-beta SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; FIBER DIFFRACTION; NATIVE CELLULOSE; THERMAL-EXPANSION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SYSTEM; BEHAVIOR AB In the crystal structure of cellulose 1,3, disordered hydrogen bonding can be represented by the average of two mutually exclusive hydrogen bonding schemes that have been designated A and B. An unanswered question is whether A and B interconvert dynamically, or whether they are static but present in different regions of the microfibril (giving temporally or a spatially averaged structures, respectively). We have used neutron crystallographic techniques to determine the occupancies of A and B at 295 and 15 K, quantum mechanical calculations to compare the energies of A and B, and molecular dynamics calculations to look at the stability of A. Microfibrils are found to have most chains arranged in a crystalline I-beta structure with hydrogen bonding scheme A. Smaller regions of static disorder exist, perhaps at defects within or between crystalline domains in which the hydrogen bonding is complex but with certain features that are found in B. C1 [Langan, Paul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nishiyama, Yoshiharu] Univ Grenoble 1, Ctr Rech Macromol Vegetales, CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. [Johnson, Glenn P.; French, Alfred D.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Forsyth, V. Trevor] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Forsyth, V. Trevor] Univ Keele, EPSAM, ISTM, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. RP Langan, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM langan_paul@lanl.gov RI Forsyth, V. Trevor/A-9129-2010; Nishiyama, Yoshiharu/A-3492-2012; Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015 OI Forsyth, V. Trevor/0000-0003-0380-3477; Nishiyama, Yoshiharu/0000-0003-4069-2307; Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122 NR 37 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD NOV PY 2008 VL 9 IS 11 BP 3133 EP 3140 DI 10.1021/bm800726v PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 371UM UT WOS:000260856900023 PM 18855441 ER PT J AU Cantrell, KB Ducey, T Ro, KS Hunt, PG AF Cantrell, Keri B. Ducey, Thomas Ro, Kyoung S. Hunt, Patrick G. TI Livestock waste-to-bioenergy generation opportunities SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE animal manure; thermochemical conversion; anaerobic digestion; gasification; algal treatment ID FERMENTATIVE HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; PRESSURE AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTS; CATALYTIC STEAM GASIFICATION; RENEWABLE ENERGY-PRODUCTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE FIXATION; FLUSHED DAIRY MANURE; FRESH-WATER ALGAE; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION; SWINE MANURE AB The use of biological and thermochemical conversion (TCC) technologies in livestock waste-to-bioenergy treatments can provide livestock operators with multiple value-added, renewable energy products. These products can meet heating and power needs or serve as transportation fuels. The primary objective of this work is to present established and emerging energy conversion opportunities that can transform the treatment of livestock waste from a liability to a profit center. While biological production of methanol and hydrogen are in early research stages, anaerobic digestion is an established method of generating between 0.1 to 1.3 m(3) m(-3) d(-1) of methane-rich biogas. The TCC processes of pyrolysis, direct liquefaction, and gasification can convert waste into gaseous fuels, combustible oils, and charcoal. Integration of biological and thermal-based conversion technologies in a farm-scale hybrid design by combining an algal CO2-fixation treatment requiring less than 27,000 m(2) of treatment area with the energy recovery component of wet gasification can drastically reduce CO2 emissions and efficiently recycle nutrients. These designs have the potential to make future large scale confined animal feeding operations sustainable and environmentally benign while generating on-farm renewable energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cantrell, Keri B.; Ducey, Thomas; Ro, Kyoung S.; Hunt, Patrick G.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Cantrell, KB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM keri.cantrell@ars.usda.gov OI Ducey, Thomas/0000-0001-8199-0584 NR 156 TC 189 Z9 197 U1 6 U2 161 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 99 IS 17 BP 7941 EP 7953 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.02.061 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 341TT UT WOS:000258738700004 PM 18485701 ER PT J AU Mulbry, W Kondrad, S Pizarro, C Kebede-Westhead, E AF Mulbry, Walter Kondrad, Shannon Pizarro, Carolina Kebede-Westhead, Elizabeth TI Treatment of dairy manure effluent using freshwater algae: Algal productivity and recovery of manure nutrients using pilot-scale algal turf scrubbers SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE algal turf scrubber; dairy manure; phytoremediation; algae; composition ID LOADING RATES; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; SPIRULINA SP; REMOVAL; BIOMASS AB Cultivating algae on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in animal manure effluents presents ar alternative to the current practice of land application. The objective of this Study was to determine values for productivity, nutrient content, and nutrient recovery using filamentous green algae grown in outdoor raceways at different loading rates of raw and anaerobically digested dairy manure effluent. Algal turf scrubber raceways (30 m(2) each) were operated in central Maryland for approximately 270 days each year (roughly April 1-December 31) from 2003 to 2006. Algal biomass was harvested every 4-12 days from the raceways after daily additions of manure effluent corresponding to loading rates of 0.3 to 2.5 g total N (TN) and 0.08 to 0.42 g total P (TP) m(-2) d(-1). Mean algal productivity values increased from approximately 2.5 g DW m(-2) d(-1) at the lowest loading rate (0.3 g TN m(-2) d(-1)) to 25 g DW m(-2) d(-1) at the highest loading rate (2.5 g TN m(-2) d(-1)). Mean N and P contents in the dried biomass increased 1.5-2 0-fold with increasing loading rate up to maximums of 7% N and 1% P (dry weight basis). Although variable algal N and P accounted for roughly 70-90% of input N and P at loading rates below 1 g TN, 0.15 g TF m(-2) d(-1). N and P recovery rates decreased to 50-80% at higher loading rates. There were no significant differences in algal productivity, algal N and P content, or N and P recovery values from raceways with car)on dioxide supplementation compared to values from raceways without added carbon dioxide. Projected annual operational costs are very high on a per animal basis ($780 per cow). However, within the context of reducing nutrient inputs in sensitive watersheds such as the Chesapeake Bay, projected operational costs of $11 per kg N are well below the costs cited for upgrading existing water treatment plants. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mulbry, Walter; Kondrad, Shannon; Pizarro, Carolina; Kebede-Westhead, Elizabeth] USDA ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mulbry, W (reprint author), USDA ARS, USDA, Bldg 306,Room 109,BARC East 10,300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM walter.mulbry@ars.usda.gov OI Westhead, Elizabeth Kebede/0000-0001-9488-094X NR 22 TC 128 Z9 137 U1 18 U2 77 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 99 IS 17 BP 8137 EP 8142 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.03.073 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 341TT UT WOS:000258738700034 PM 18487042 ER PT J AU Rashid, U Anwar, F Moser, BR Knothe, G AF Rashid, Umer Anwar, Farooq Moser, Bryan R. Knothe, Gerhard TI Moringa oleifera oil: A possible source of biodiesel SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiesel; cetane number; fuel properties; Moringa oleifera; transesterification ID SEED OIL; METHYL-ESTERS; DIESEL-ENGINE; PETRODIESEL; COMPONENTS; PAKISTAN; TREE AB Biodiesel is an alternative to petroleum-based conventional diesel fuel and is defined as the mono-alkyl esters of vegetable oils and animal fats. Biodiesel has been prepared from numerous vegetable oils, such as canola (rapeseed), cottonseed, palm, peanut, soybean and sunflower oils as well as a variety of less common oils. In this work, Moringa oleifera oil is evaluated for the first time as potential feedstock for biodiesel. After acid pre-treatment to reduce the acid value of the M. oleifera oil, biodiesel was obtained by a standard transesterification procedure with methanol and an alkali catalyst at 60 degrees C and alcohol/oil ratio of 6: 1. M. oleifera oil has a high content of oleic acid (>70%) with saturated fatty acids comprising most of the remaining fatty acid profile. As a result, the methyl esters (biodiesel) obtained from this oil exhibit a high cetane number of approximately 67, one of the highest found for a biodiesel fuel. Other fuel properties of biodiesel derived from M. oleifera such as cloud point, kinematic viscosity and oxidative stability were also determined and are discussed in light of biodiesel standards such as ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. The H-1 NMR spectrum of M. oleifera methyl esters is reported. Overall, M. oleifera oil appears to be an acceptable feedstock for biodiesel. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rashid, Umer; Anwar, Farooq] Univ Agr Faisalabad, Dept Chem, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan. [Moser, Bryan R.; Knothe, Gerhard] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Anwar, F (reprint author), Univ Agr Faisalabad, Dept Chem, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan. EM fqanwar@yahoo.com; gerhard.knothe@ars.usda.gov RI Ye, Peng/E-2742-2010; Anwar, Farooq/H-6639-2015; Rashid, Umer/C-9986-2011 OI Rashid, Umer/0000-0001-6224-413X NR 29 TC 199 Z9 209 U1 5 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 99 IS 17 BP 8175 EP 8179 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.03.066 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 341TT UT WOS:000258738700040 PM 18474424 ER PT J AU Macias-Corral, M Samani, Z Hanson, A Smith, G Funk, P Yu, H Longworth, J AF Macias-Corral, Maritza Samani, Zohrab Hanson, Adrian Smith, Geoffrey Funk, Paul Yu, Hui Longworth, John TI Anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste and agricultural waste and the effect of co-digestion with dairy cow manure SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anaerobic digestion; municipal waste; agricultural waste; dairy manure; biogas ID COTTON GIN RESIDUES; METHANE AB Anaerobic digestion of dairy cow manure (CM), the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), and cotton gin waste (CGW) was investigated with a two-phase pilot-scale anaerobic digestion (AD) system. The OFMSW and CM were digested as single wastes and as combined wastes. The single waste digestion of CM resulted in 62 m(3) methane/ton of CM on dry weight basis. The single waste digestion of OFMSW produced 37 m(3) methane/ton of dry waste. Co-digestion of OFMSW and CM resulted in 172 m(3) methane/ton of dry waste. Co-digestion of CGW and CM produced 87 m(3) methane/ton of dry waste. Comparing the single waste digestions with co-digestion of combined wastes, it was shown that co-digestion resulted in higher methane gas yields. In addition, co-digestion of OFMSW and CM promotes synergistic effects resulting in higher mass conversion and lower weight and volume of digested residual. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Macias-Corral, Maritza; Samani, Zohrab; Hanson, Adrian; Yu, Hui; Longworth, John] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Smith, Geoffrey] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Funk, Paul] USDA, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. RP Samani, Z (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, MSC 3CE,POB 30001, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM zsamani@nmsu.edu NR 22 TC 95 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 99 IS 17 BP 8288 EP 8293 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.03.057 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 341TT UT WOS:000258738700058 PM 18482835 ER PT J AU Liu, K AF Liu, Keshun TI Particle size distribution of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and relationships to compositional and color properties SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE particle size distribution (PSD); distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS); composition; color; nutrient distribution ID CORN; ETHANOL; PERFORMANCE AB Eleven distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), processed from yellow corn, were collected from different ethanol processing plants in the US Midwest area. Particle size distribution (PSD) by mass of each sample was determined using a series of six selected US standard sieves: Nos. 8, 12, 18, 35, 50, and 100, and a pan. The original sample and sieve sized fractions were measured for surface color anc contents of moisture, protein, oil, ash, and starch. Total carbohydrate (CHO) and total non-starch CHO were also calculated. Results show that there was a great variation in composition and color among DDGS from different plants. Surprisingly, a few DDGS samples contained unusually high amounts of residual starch (11.1-17.6%. dry matter basis, vs. about 5% of the rest), presumably resulting from modified processing methods. Particle size of DDGS varied greatly within a sample and PSD varied greatly among samples. The 11 samples had a mean value of 0.660 mm for the geometric mean diameter (d(gw)) of particles and a mean value of 0.440 mm for the geometric standard deviation (S-gw) of particle diameters by mass. The majority had a unimodal PSD, with a mode in the size class between 0.5 and 1.0 mm. Although PSD and color parameters had little correlation with composition of whole DDGS samples, distribution of nutrients as well as color attributes correlated well with PSD. In sieved fractions, protein content, L and a color values negatively while contents of oil and total CHO positively correlated with particle size. It is highly feasible to fractionate DDGS for compositional enrichment based on particle size, while the extent of PSD can serve as an index for potential of DDGS fractionation. The above information should be a vital addition to quality and baseline data of DDGS. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Aberdeen, ID 83201 USA. RP Liu, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83201 USA. EM Keshun.Liu@ars.usda.gov FU ARS research FX The author expresses thanks to Michael Woolman of USDA, ARS at Aberdeen, ID, for his assistance in conducting the experiments and collecting data, and to those individuals from ethanol production plants who supported the ARS research by providing their DDGS samples. NR 21 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 99 IS 17 BP 8421 EP 8428 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.02.060 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 341TT UT WOS:000258738700079 PM 18448335 ER PT J AU Lehrsch, GA Robbins, CW Brown, MJ AF Lehrsch, Gary A. Robbins, Charles W. Brown, Melvin J. TI Whey utilization in furrow irrigation: Effects on aggregate stability and erosion SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aggregate stability; food processing byproducts; waste utilization; acid whey; furrow erosion ID CHEESE ACID WHEY; SODIC SOIL; WATER; INFILTRATION; STRAW; POLYACRYLAMIDE; MANAGEMENT; SEDIMENT AB Improving soil structure often reduces furrow erosion and maintains adequate infiltration. Cottage cheese whey, the liquid byproduct from cottage cheese manufacture, was utilized to stabilize soil aggregates and reduce sediment losses from furrow irrigation. We applied either 2.4 or 1.9 L of whey per meter of furrow (3.15 or 2.49 L m(-2), respectively) by gravity flow without incorporation to two fields of Port-neuf silt loam (Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid) near Kimberly, ID. Furrows were irrigated with water beginning four days later. We measured sediment losses with furrow flumes during each irrigation and measured aggregate stability by wet sieving about 10 days after the last irrigation. Overall, whey significantly increased aggregate stability 25% at the 0-15 mm depth and 14% at 15-30 mm, compared to controls. On average, whey reduced sediment losses by 75% from furrows sloped at 2.4%. Whey increased the aggregate stability of structurally degraded calcareous soil in irrigation furrows. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lehrsch, Gary A.; Robbins, Charles W.; Brown, Melvin J.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Lehrsch, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM Gary.Lehrsch@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 99 IS 17 BP 8458 EP 8463 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.02.050 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 341TT UT WOS:000258738700085 PM 18439823 ER PT J AU Winandy, J Cai, ZY AF Winandy, Jerrold Cai, Zhiyong TI POTENTIAL OF USING ANAEROBICALLY DIGESTED BOVINE BIOFIBER AS A FIBER SOURCE FOR WOOD COMPOSITES SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Anaerobically digested bovine biofiber; Fiberboard; Mechanical properties AB Manure, an animal waste product with many negative economic and environmental issues, can today be converted using anaerobic digestion technology into a number of commercial products ranging from fertilizer, compost, animal bedding, and plant bedding. A number of new uses are now being explored such as bioenergy (both electrical and biofuel) and a lignocellulose-rich potential feedstock for engineered biocomposite products for building materials. This paper explores the engineering potential of using anaerobically digested bovine biomass (ADBF) as a feedstock material for biocomposite building materials. Our evaluation generally indicated that making dry-formed fiberboard using up to a 50/50% mixture of wood fiber and ADBF-fiber compared favorably with some commercial requirements for wood-based medium-density fiberboard and particleboard. C1 [Winandy, Jerrold; Cai, Zhiyong] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Winandy, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jwinandy@fs.fed.us NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PD NOV PY 2008 VL 3 IS 4 BP 1244 EP 1255 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 411YL UT WOS:000263690200022 ER PT J AU Spelter, H Winandy, J Zauche, T AF Spelter, Henry Winandy, Jerrold Zauche, Timothy TI ANAEROBICALLY DIGESTED BOVINE BIOFIBER AS A SOURCE OF FIBER FOR PARTICLEBOARD MANUFACTURING: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Anaerobically digested bovine biofiber; Particleboard; Economics AB This paper explores the physical and economic potential to substitute anaerobically digested bovine biofiber (ADBF) for wood in the making of particleboard. Laboratory tests indicated that replacement of one-half the wood in particleboard with ADBF produced panels that compared favorably to the requirements for commercial particleboard performance (specified by ANSI Standard A208.1-1999). The economic question hinges on the opportunity costs of alternative uses for ADBF. The current use is primarily animal bedding, and prices appear to be greater than those paid by particleboard plants for sawdust and planer shavings but less than for chips. ADBF is most similar in size to, thus most likely to be substitutable for, sawdust and shavings. At current bedding values, use for particleboard appears a less favorable alternative. However, this could be overcome by large-volume, long-term contractual arrangements that provide a secure long-term outlet for excess ADBF fiber that may otherwise not have value. For a particleboard operation, the opportunity for fiber diversification and the incorporation of post-industrial waste in the process offer strategic advantages. C1 [Spelter, Henry; Winandy, Jerrold] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Zauche, Timothy] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Engn Phys, Platteville, WI 53818 USA. RP Spelter, H (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM hspelter@fs.fed.us NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PD NOV PY 2008 VL 3 IS 4 BP 1256 EP 1266 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 411YL UT WOS:000263690200023 ER PT J AU Bausch, WC Halvorson, AD Cipra, J AF Bausch, Walter C. Halvorson, Ardell D. Cipra, Jan TI Quickbird satellite and ground-based multispectral data correlations with agronomic parameters of irrigated maize grown in small plots SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN REFLECTANCE INDEX; ADJUSTED VEGETATION INDEX; CORN; YIELD; IMAGERY; CLASSIFICATION; LEAVES; CROPS AB Satellite remote sensing has not been practical for agronomic research conducted using small plots due to spatial resolution issues. The objectives were to determine, (1) the potential use of QuickBird high resolution multispectral images for estimating available nitrogen (N) at planting, leaf N content at the tassel (VT) growth stage, and yield (biomass and grain) of irrigated maize (Zea mays L.) grown in research size plots and (2), if image digital number (DN) values were adequate for assessing these agronomic parameters. Conventionally-tilled plots 21.3 m x 21.6 m, 10.7 m x 43.3 m, and 10.7 m x 21.6 m were used. QuickBird images (2.5 m pixel resolution) were obtained at the VT growth stage for two growing seasons along with ground-based reflectance for one growing season. Multispectral data [blue (450-520), green (520-600), red (630-690), and near-infrared (760900 nm)] was acquired by both sources. Relative green (G) waveband DN had the highest correlations with available N at planting (r(2)=0.91), relative grain yield (r(2)=0.81) and relative total biomass (r(2)=0.59) than any of the other indices investigated. Relative spectral indices containing G and near-infrared (NIR) wavebands, i.e., the green normalised difference vegetation index (GNDVI), the NIR/G ratio and the chlorophyll index ((NIR/G)-1) produced good correlations with leaf N content at VT (r(2) > 0.7). Regression parameters (slopes and intercepts) of the normalised (NIR/G)-1 index calculated from satellite DN values and ground-based reflectance versus leaf N content were not significantly different (alpha=0.01). Results indicate that QuickBird multispectral images show promise for estimating agronomic parameters from small plot research. Additional research is required to expand the results to more maize growth stages and other crops. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IAgrE. C1 [Bausch, Walter C.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Halvorson, Ardell D.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Cipra, Jan] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Bausch, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 320, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM walter.bausch@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 101 IS 3 BP 306 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2008.09.011 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 383LR UT WOS:000261675600003 ER PT J AU Taylor, F Kim, TH Abbas, CA Hicks, KB AF Taylor, Frank Kim, Tae Hyun Abbas, Charles A. Hicks, Kevin B. TI Liquefaction, Saccharification, and Fermentation of Ammoniated Corn to Ethanol SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE bioethanol; pretreatment; anhydrous ammonia; free amino nitrogen (FAN); yeast nutrients ID ANHYDROUS AMMONIA; FUEL ETHANOL; GERM; COSTS AB Treatment of whole corn kernels with anhydrous ammonia gas has been proposed as a way to facilitate the separation of nonfermentable coproducts before fermentation of the starch to ethanol, but the fermentability of ammoniated corn has not been thoroughly investigated. Also, it is intended that the added ammonia nitrogen in ammonia treated corn (similar to 1 g per kg corn) may satisfy the yeast nutritional requirement for free amino nitrogen (FAN). In this study, procedures for ammoniation, liquefaction, saccharification, and fermentation at two scales (12-L and 50-mL) were used to determine the fermentation rate, final ethanol concentration, and ethanol yield from starch in ammoniated or nonammoniated corn. The maximum achievable ethanol concentration at 50 h fermentation time was lower with ammoniated corn than with nonammoniated corn. The extra nitrogen in ammoniated corn satisfied some of the yeast requirements for FAN, thereby reducing the requirement for corn steep liquor. Based upon these results, ammoniation of corn does not appear to have a positive impact on the fermentability of corn to ethanol. Ammoniation may still be cost effective, if the advantages in terms of improved separations outweigh the disadvantages in terms of decreased fermentability. C1 [Taylor, Frank; Kim, Tae Hyun; Hicks, Kevin B.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Abbas, Charles A.] Archer Daniels Midland Co, Decatur, IL 62521 USA. RP Taylor, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM frank.taylor@ars.usda.gov OI Kim, Tae Hyun/0000-0002-2225-1199 FU USDA DOE Biomass RD; Decatur; IL; ADM Alliance Nutrition; IN; USDA-ARS-ERRC; Wyndmoor FX This work was sponsored in part by a grant from the USDA DOE Biomass R&D Program to ADM Research, Decatur, IL, ADM Alliance Nutrition, Decatur, IN, and USDA-ARS-ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA in 2003 for "Biomass Research and Development for the Production of Fuels, Chemicals and Cattle Feed." NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1267 EP 1271 DI 10.1021/bp.79 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 389CX UT WOS:000262069100009 PM 19194940 ER PT J AU MacKenzie, RA AF MacKenzie, Richard A. TI Impacts of Riparian Forest Removal on Palauan Streams SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Babeldaob; benthic algae; chlorophyll a; deforestation; net daily metabolism; nutrient concentrations; Palau; road; total suspended sediments; tropical streams ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; TROPICAL STREAMS; WATER REMOVAL; ECOSYSTEM; DEFORESTATION; METABOLISM; GOBIIDAE; RELEASE; HEALTH; HAWAII AB The 2006 completion of the circum-island Compact Road on the island of Babeldaob in the Republic of Palau resulted in several deforested stream reaches with modified stream channels. To determine the impacts of deforestation and road construction, various ecosystem parameters were compared between road-impacted reaches, reforested savanna reaches, and forested reaches. Compared to adjacent forested reaches, road-impacted reaches received significantly more light (0.4 +/- 0.1 vs. 87.8 +/- 4.1 % light transmittance, respectively), were significantly warmer (25.7 +/- 0.1 vs. 26.1 +/- 0.1 degrees C, respectively), and received higher nutrient and sediment loads, all of which were attributed to the removal of riparian vegetation and increased surface runoff from the road. These differences were believed to have shifted the benthic algal community in road-impacted reaches from diatoms to filamentous algae with significantly greater chl a biomass (10x) and benthic algal ash free dry mass AFDM (3x) compared to adjacent forested reaches. Savanna-impacted and forested reaches had similar chl a, algal AFDM, and received similar amounts of light. Nutrient and sediment concentrations varied between the two reach types. Results from this study emphasize the need for the maintenance of riparian forests especially with predicted increases in population, development, and deforestation. Future studies are needed to determine effective riparian widths and riparian forest community structure to help resource managers and land owners protect and preserve the many ecosystem services that Palauan streams and watersheds provide. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP MacKenzie, RA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 60 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM rmackenzie@fs.fed.us FU Forest Services International Programs; Palau Forestry; Environmental Quality and Protection Board FX This project was funded by a grant from the Forest Services International Programs. Laboratory and field support were provided by Palau Forestry and the Environmental Quality and Protection Board. I thank P. Franz and M. Brel for the use of their facilities, and especially L. Mamis, M. Belong, S. Daniel, J. Sakurai, and L. Rengulbei for their assistance in the streams, forests, and laboratory. D. Penn provided various stream sampling equipment. T. Wiegner, C. Giardina, and two anonymous reviewers greatly increased the quality of this manuscript. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD NOV PY 2008 VL 40 IS 6 BP 666 EP 675 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2008.00433.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 361MV UT WOS:000260132700003 ER PT J AU Pemberton, RW Liu, H AF Pemberton, Robert W. Liu, Hong TI Naturalized Orchid Bee Pollinates Resin-reward Flowers in Florida: Novel and Known Mutualisms SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Clusia; Dalechampia; Euglossa viridissima; introduced species; naturalization; pollination ID DALECHAMPIA; EVOLUTION AB Females of an orchid bee, Euglossa viridissima, recently naturalized in southern Florida, routinely collect resin to construct their brood cells from the flowers of two Clusia (Clusiaceae) and two Dalechampia (Euphorbiaceae) species. We demonstrated that the bee pollinates three of these species including: (1) the newly naturalized D. scandens, which it pollinates in Mexico; (2) the ornamental D. aristolochiifolia native to Peru; and (3) the ornamental C. lanceolata native to Brazil, but not the apomictic Clusia rosea native to Florida. Field observations indicated that the bee promotes outcrossing in a naturalized D. scandens population. Comparisons of fruit set between unmanipulated control flowers and flowers supplemented with additional pollen indicated that the presence of bee eliminates pollen limitation for cultivated C. lanceolata. The orchid bee's pollination of ornamental resin-reward plants may promote their naturalization. C1 [Pemberton, Robert W.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33312 USA. [Liu, Hong] Univ Florida, IFAS, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33312 USA. RP Pemberton, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33312 USA. EM Robert.Pemberton@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD NOV PY 2008 VL 40 IS 6 BP 714 EP 718 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2008.00428.x PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 361MV UT WOS:000260132700009 ER PT J AU Milbrath, LR AF Milbrath, Lindsey R. TI Growth and reproduction of invasive Vincetoxicum rossicum and V. nigrum under artificial defoliation and different light environments SO BOTANY-BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE Cynanchum rossicum; Cynanchum louiseae; swallow-wort; dog-strangling vine; simulated herbivory; biological control ID BUTTERFLIES DANAUS-PLEXIPPUS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; NEW-YORK-STATE; SIMULATED HERBIVORY; SWALLOW-WORT; EFFICACY ASSESSMENT; ALLIARIA-PETIOLATA; PLANT; TOLERANCE; VINE AB The exotic vines Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar. and Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench have become increasingly invasive in low- and high-light habitats in North America, and a biological control program is being developed. These plants experience little damage in North America, so it is unclear how they might respond to introduced herbivores. I conducted an artificial defoliation study on seedlings and mature plants of V. rossicum and V. nigrum grown under different light environments. Under high light, V. nigrum produced more seed and allocated more resources to aboveground tissue (root:shoot ratios < 1), whereas V. rossicum allocated more resources to roots with root:shoot ratios of 1.9 for mature plants and > 3 for seedlings. These differences disappeared with shading. Increasing frequencies of 100% defoliation caused greater reductions in biomass and seed production for both species and plant stages. Shading further reduced biomass and no seed was produced. Defoliation of shaded, but not unshaded, plants caused high mortality. Additional cutting of stein tips increased branching only. Defoliation may be effective against Vincetoxicum plants growing in low-light environments such as forest understories, but appears to be of more limited value in high-light environments unless repeated defoliation occurs. C1 ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Milbrath, LR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM Lindsey.Milbrath@ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 28 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1916-2790 J9 BOTANY JI Botany PD NOV PY 2008 VL 86 IS 11 BP 1279 EP 1290 DI 10.1139/B08-092 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 398FO UT WOS:000262718200006 ER PT J AU Swarbrick, MM Stanhope, KL Elliott, SS Graham, JL Krauss, RM Christiansen, MP Griffen, SC Keim, NL Havel, PJ AF Swarbrick, Michael M. Stanhope, Kimber L. Elliott, Sharon S. Graham, James L. Krauss, Ronald M. Christiansen, Mark P. Griffen, Steven C. Keim, Nancy L. Havel, Peter J. TI Consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages for 10 weeks increases postprandial triacylglycerol and apolipoprotein-B concentrations in overweight and obese women SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Fructose; Glucose; Insulin; Hypertriacylglycerolaemia; Apolipoprotein-B ID FASTING PLASMA-GLUCOSE; FED HAMSTER MODEL; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; DIETARY FRUCTOSE; NONFASTING TRIGLYCERIDES; CONTAINING LIPOPROTEINS; HEALTHY-MEN; MECHANISMS; LIPEMIA; SENSITIVITY AB Fructose consumption ill the USA has increased over the past three decades. During this time, obesity, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome have also increased in prevalence. While diets high in fructose have been shown to promote insulin resistance and increase TAG concentrations in animals, there are insufficient data available regarding the long-term metabolic effects of fructose consumption in humans. The objective of the present study was to investigate the metabolic effects of 10-week consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages in human subjects under energy-balanced conditions in a controlled research setting. Following a 4-week weight-maintaining complex carbohydrate diet, seven over weight or obese (BMI 26.8-33.3 kg/m(2)) postmenopausal women were fed an isoenergetic intervention diet, which included a fructose-sweetened beverage with each meal. for 10 weeks. The intervention diet provided 15% of energy from protein, 30% from fat and 55% from carbohydrate (30% complex carbohydrate, 25% fructose). Fasting and postprandial glucose, insulin, TAG and apoB concentrations were measured. Fructose consumption increased fasting glucose concentrations and decreased meal-associated glucose and insulin responses (P=0.0002, P=0.007 and P=0.013, respectively). Moreover, after 10 weeks of fructose consumption, 1411 postprandial TAG profiles were significantly increased, with the area under the curve at 10 weeks being 141% higher than at baseline (P=0.04). Fructose also increased fasting apoB concentrations by 19% (P=0.043 v. baseline). In summary, consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages increased postprandial TAG and fasting apoB concentrations, and the present results Suggest that long-term consumption of diets high in fructose Could lead to an increased risk of CVD. C1 [Swarbrick, Michael M.; Stanhope, Kimber L.; Elliott, Sharon S.; Graham, James L.; Havel, Peter J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Swarbrick, Michael M.; Stanhope, Kimber L.; Graham, James L.; Havel, Peter J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mol Biosci, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Krauss, Ronald M.] Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Dept Atherosclerosis Res, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [Christiansen, Mark P.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Griffen, Steven C.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Keim, Nancy L.] USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP Havel, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pjhavel@ucdavis.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture [199900698]; Co-operative Agreement with the Western Human Nutrition Research Center [58-5330-9-069]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [RR-019975, HL-075675, AT-002599, AT002993, AT-003645]; American Diabetes Association FX The present study was supported by a National Research Initiative Competitive Grant from the United States Department of Agriculture (NRI#199900698) and a Co-operative Agreement with the Western Human Nutrition Research Center (58-5330-9-069). The University of California. Davis, Clinical and Translational Science Center's Clinical Research Center is supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant RR-019975. Dr Havel's laboratory receives research support from NIH grants HL-075675, AT-002599, AT002993, AT-003645, and the American Diabetes Association. There are no conflicts of interest to declare.; K. L. S., S. S. E., N. L. K. and P. J. H. designed the study; K. L. S., S. S. E., P. J. H. and J. L. G. conducted the study; M. P. C. and S. C. G. were physicians for the study; R. M. K. and N. L. K. provided intellectual input on study design and data interpretation; M. M. S. performed the statistical analysis and wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and all authors reviewed and provided input on subsequent drafts. The authors also wish to acknowledge the efforts of Kim Oostema, Valerie Francisco, Sharon Martin and Kelli Kolstad, who coordinated the Study. NR 40 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 100 IS 5 BP 947 EP 952 DI 10.1017/S0007114508968252 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 366FF UT WOS:000260465300005 PM 18384705 ER PT J AU Bormann, BT Homann, PS Darbyshire, RL Morrissette, BA AF Bormann, Bernard T. Homann, Peter S. Darbyshire, Robyn L. Morrissette, Brett A. TI Intense forest wildfire sharply reduces mineral soil C and N: the first direct evidence SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR; SISKIYOU MOUNTAINS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON STORAGE; NITROGEN; OREGON; CHEMISTRY; SMOKE; REGENERATION AB Direct evidence of the effects of intense wildfire on forest soil is rare because reliable prefire data are lacking. By chance, an established large-scale experiment was partially burned in the 2002 Biscuit fire in southwestern Oregon. About 200 grid points were sampled across seven burned and seven unburned stands before and after the fire. Fire-related soil changes - including losses of soil organic and inorganic matter - were so large that they became complicated to measure. The 51 Mg.ha(-1) of loose rocks on the soil surface after fire suggests erosion of 127 Mg.ha(-1) of fine mineral soil, some of which likely left in the fire plume. After accounting for structural changes and erosion with a comparable-layers approach, combined losses from the O horizon and mineral soil totaled 23 Mg C.ha(-1) and 690 kg N.ha(-1), of which 60% (C) and 57% (N) were lost from mineral horizons. Applying a fixed-depth calculation - commonly used in previous fire studies - that disregards structural changes and erosion led to underestimates of loss of nearly 50% for C and 25% for N. Although recent debate has centered on the effects of postwildfire forest management on wood, wildlife habitat, and fuels, this study indicates that more consideration should be given to the possible release of greenhouse gases and reduction of future forest productivity and CO(2) uptake. C1 [Bormann, Bernard T.] Forest Serv, Ecosyst Proc Program, USDA, Pacific NW Forest Res Stn,Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Homann, Peter S.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Huxley Coll Environm, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Darbyshire, Robyn L.] Forest Serv, Ecosyst Proc Program, USDA, Pacific NW Forest Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97415 USA. [Morrissette, Brett A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bormann, BT (reprint author), Forest Serv, Ecosyst Proc Program, USDA, Pacific NW Forest Res Stn,Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bbormann@fs.fed.us FU Research Station; US Environmental Protection Agency; Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon [DW 12936179]; Western Washington University; Joint Fire Sciences Program [03-2-3-09]; National Commission for Science on Sustainable Forestry [C4]; Rogue River Siskiyou National Forest FX This paper is a contribution of the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station's Long-Term Ecosystem Productivity Program. Support for pre- and post-treatment sampling and analysis came from the Research Station, the US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon ( Interagency Agreement DW 12936179), Western Washington University, the Joint Fire Sciences Program ( grant 03-2-3-09), the National Commission for Science on Sustainable Forestry (grant C4), and the Rogue River Siskiyou National Forest. We acknowledge the hard work of many individuals, including earlier LTEP-experiment leaders Sue Little and Mike Amaranthus; field and laboratory assistants Tom Bell, Suzanne Remillard, Matt Cowall, Colin Edgar, Aurore Chauvry, Nate France, Chris Stevens, Vannessa Spini, Laura Fabrey, Kyle Swanson, Kristina Muscutt, and Nick Leahy; and scientific and editing advice from Kermit Cromack Jr., S. Mark Nay, F. Herbert Bormann, C. Kent Keller, Zsuzsanna Balogh-Brunstad, Jane Smith, John A. Laurence, David L. Peterson, Tim Max, Patrick Cunningham, and Martha Brookes. We also thank Eric Hupp of Esco Corp. for access to their ovens. NR 49 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 20 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 38 IS 11 BP 2771 EP 2783 DI 10.1139/X08-136 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 386UV UT WOS:000261909000006 ER PT J AU Contreras, MA Chung, W Jones, G AF Contreras, Marco A. Chung, Woodam Jones, Greg TI Applying ant colony optimization metaheuristic to solve forest transportation planning problems with side constraints SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; MODELS; SYSTEM AB Forest transportation planning problems (FTPP) have evolved from considering only the financial aspects of timber management to more holistic problems that also consider the environmental impacts of roads. These additional requirements have introduced side constraints, making FTPP larger and more complex. Mixed-integer programming (MIP) has been used to solve FTPP, but its application has been limited by the difficulty of solving large, real-world problems within a reasonable time. To overcome this limitation of MIP, we applied the ant colony optimization (ACO) metaheuristic to develop an ACO-based heuristic algorithm that efficiently solves large and complex forest transportation problems with side constraints. Three hypothetical FTPP were created to test the performance of the ACO algorithm. The environmental impact of forest roads represented by sediment yields was incorporated into the economic analysis of roads as a side constraint. Four different levels of sediment constraints were analyzed for each problem. The solutions from the ACO algorithm were compared with those obtained from a commercially available MIP solver. The ACO solutions were equal to or slightly worse than the MIP solution, but the ACO algorithm took only a fraction of the computation time that was required by the MIP solver. C1 [Contreras, Marco A.; Chung, Woodam] Univ Montana, Dept Forest Management, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Jones, Greg] Forest Serv, Social Econ & Decis Sci Program, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Chung, W (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Forest Management, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM woodam.chung@umontana.edu NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 38 IS 11 BP 2896 EP 2910 DI 10.1139/X08-126 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 386UV UT WOS:000261909000017 ER PT J AU Wegulo, SN Dowell, FE AF Wegulo, Stephen N. Dowell, Floyd E. TI Near-infrared versus visual sorting of Fusarium-damaged kernels in winter wheat SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Wheat; Fusarium head blight; Fusarium-damaged kernels; single-kernel near-infrared ID SCAB; RELIABILITY; ACCURACY; DISEASE AB Wegulo, S. N. and Dowell, F. E. 2008. Near-infrared versus visual sorting of Fusarium-dam aged kernels in winter wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 88: 1087-1089. Fusarium head blight (scab) of wheat, caused by Fusarium graminearum, often results in shriveled and/or discolored kernels.. which are referred to as Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK). FDK is a major grain grading factor and therefore is routinely determined for purposes of quality assurance. Measurement of FDK is usually done visually. Visual sorting can be laborious and is subject to inconsistencies resulting from variability in intra-rater repeatability and/or inter-rater reliability. The ability of a single-kernel near-infrared (SKNIR) system to detect FDK was evaluated by comparing FDK sorted by the system to FDK sorted visually. Visual sorting was strongly correlated with sorting by the SKNIR system (0.89 <= r <= 0.91); however, the SKNIR system had a wider range of FDK detection and was more consistent. Compared with the SKNIR system, visual raters overestimated FDK in samples with a low percentage of Fusarium-damaged grain and underestimated FDK in samples with a high percentage of Fusarium-damaged grain. C1 [Wegulo, Stephen N.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Dowell, Floyd E.] ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Engn Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Wegulo, SN (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM swegulo2@unl.edu OI Wegulo, Stephen/0000-0002-4435-6055 NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1087 EP 1089 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 391DU UT WOS:000262214400007 ER PT J AU Liebig, MA Hendrickson, JR Berdahl, JD Karn, JF AF Liebig, M. A. Hendrickson, J. R. Berdahl, J. D. Karn, J. F. TI Soil resistance under grazed intermediate wheatgrass SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Seeded perennial forages; Northern Great Plains; soil organic C AB Liebig, M. A., Hendrickson, J. R., Berdahl, J. D. and Karn, J. F. 2008. Soil resistance under grazed intermediate wheatgrass. Can. J. Soil Sci. 88: 833-836. Intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkw. & D.R. Dewey subsp. intermedium] is a productive, high-quality perennial forage that lacks persistence under grazing. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of three grazing times on soil bulk density, soil pH, and soil organic C under intermediate wheatgrass. Treatment effects on the three soil attributes were negligible, implying grazing time did not negatively impact intermediate wheatgrass beyond a threshold whereby critical soil functions were impaired. Findings from this study are important in the context of sustainable forage and cropping system management, where maintaining or improving critical soil functions are essential for enhancing agroecosystem sustainability. C1 [Liebig, M. A.; Hendrickson, J. R.; Berdahl, J. D.; Karn, J. F.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Liebig, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM mark.liebig@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 12 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4271 J9 CAN J SOIL SCI JI Can. J. Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 88 IS 5 BP 833 EP 836 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 391CX UT WOS:000262211900019 ER PT J AU Weinstein, SJ Albanes, D Selhub, J Graubard, B Lim, U Taylor, PR Virtamo, J Stolzenberg-Solomon, R AF Weinstein, Stephanie J. Albanes, Demetrius Selhub, Jacob Graubard, Barry Lim, Unhee Taylor, Philip R. Virtamo, Jarmo Stolzenberg-Solomon, Rachael TI One-Carbon Metabolism Biomarkers and Risk of Colon and Rectal Cancers SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID NESTED CASE-CONTROL; COLORECTAL-CANCER; FOLATE LEVELS; CELL-PROLIFERATION; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; PLASMA FOLATE; FOLIC-ACID; VITAMIN-B-6; COHORT; WOMEN AB Background: Folate intake has been associated with reduced colorectal cancer risk; however, few studies have prospectively examined circulating folate or other related one-carbon biomarkers. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study cohort of 50- to 69-year-old Finnish men to investigate associations between serum folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, riboflavin, and homocysteine and risk of colon and rectal cancers. Controls were alive and cancer-free at the time of case diagnosis and matched 1:1 on age and date of baseline fasting serum collection with cases (152 colon and 126 rectal cancers). Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Results: Serum vitamin B6 was inversely associated with colon cancer [odds ratio, 0.30 (95% confidence interval, 0.11-0.82) in the highest versus lowest quintile]. An increased risk of colon cancer was suggested for men in the middle quintile of serum folate, but without indication of a dose-response relationship. None of the other serum biomarkers were associated with colon or rectal cancer, and we observed no interactions with alcohol consumption or methionine or protein intake. A priori combinations of the five one-carbon serum biomarkers provided no clear evidence to support a collective influence on colorectal cancer risk. Conclusions: Our results support the hypothesis that higher vitamin B6 status may play a role in inhibiting colon cancer carcinogenesis; however, folate and other one-carbon related biomarkers were not associated with colon or rectal cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3233-40) C1 [Weinstein, Stephanie J.] NCI, Nutr Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Ser, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Virtamo, Jarmo] Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Hlth Promot & Chron Dis Prevent, Helsinki, Finland. RP Weinstein, SJ (reprint author), NCI, Nutr Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Ser, Suite 320,6120 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM weinstes@mail.nih.gov RI Albanes, Demetrius/B-9749-2015 FU NIH National Cancer Institute Intramural Research Program and Public Health Service [N01-CN-45165, N01-RC-45035, N01-RC-37004]; National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services FX NIH National Cancer Institute Intramural Research Program and Public Health Service contracts N01-CN-45165, N01-RC-45035, and N01-RC-37004 from the National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services. NR 50 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 17 IS 11 BP 3233 EP 3240 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0459 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 372IY UT WOS:000260896500044 PM 18990766 ER PT J AU Toma, A Omary, MB Rosentrater, KA Arndt, EA Prasopsunwattana, N Chongcham, S Flores, RA Lee, SP AF Toma, Ayako Omary, Maria Botero Rosentrater, Kurt A. Arndt, Elizabeth A. Prasopsunwattana, Naruemon Chongcham, Sutida Flores, Rolando A. Lee, Sylvia P. TI Understanding Consumer Preference for Functional Barley Tortillas Through Sensory, Demographic, and Behavioral Data SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WHEAT TORTILLAS; WHOLE GRAINS; ATTRIBUTES; LIKING; FOODS AB Consumption of whole grains its part of a health-promoting diet is encouraged among Americans due 10 beneficial nutrients and phytochemicals. The main objectives of this study were 10 investigate the effect of whole barley flour particle size on consumer acceptance of whole grain and soluble fiber-enriched tortillas: to examine the effect of demographic and behavioral data on consumer acceptances and to establish relationships between consumer acceptance and survey results to identify market opportunities among particular groups of consumers. Four experimental tortillas and two representative commercial brands were tested by 95 untrained panelists using a 9-point hedonic scale for appearance, color, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability. Demographic and behavioral data on age, gender, ethnicity, frequency of tortilla consumption, daily effort to include fiber in the diet, consumption of tortillas containing >= 1 g of dietary fiber/serving, consumption of low-fat tortillas, and tortilla brands and type used were collected. Potential market segments for these tortillas include older consumers (41+). women. Hispanics. and Asians. and frequent tortilla consumers. A response surface relating flavor texture to overall acceptability produced almost equivalent results to the multivariate PLS results in terms of predicting overall acceptability, which facilitates analysis and interpretation. C1 [Toma, Ayako; Omary, Maria Botero; Lee, Sylvia P.] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [Rosentrater, Kurt A.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Arndt, Elizabeth A.] ConAgraFoods Inc, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. [Flores, Rolando A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Omary, MB (reprint author), Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. EM mboteroomary@csupomona.edu OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 FU California Agriculture Research Initiative FX We would like to extend appreciation to the California Agriculture Research Initiative for funds provided to support this project. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 85 IS 6 BP 721 EP 729 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-6-0721 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 398LN UT WOS:000262733700003 ER PT J AU Turuspekov, Y Martin, JM Bowman, GP Beecher, BS Giroux, MJ AF Turuspekov, Y. Martin, J. M. Bowman, G. P. Beecher, B. S. Giroux, M. J. TI Associations Between Vrs1 Alleles and Grain Quality Traits in Spring Barley Hordeum vulgare L. SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CULTIVATED BARLEY; GENE; SELECTION AB Barley head row type is a major trait affecting end-use quality. Six-rowed emerged due to mutations in the Vrs1 gene in two-rowed barleys. Whether barley is two (Vrs1) or six rowed (vrs1) directly affects a wide range of morphological traits related to seed yield and grain quality. Vrs1 has been cloned and encodes a homeodomain transcription factor with a linked leucine zipper motif. To test the association between Vrs1 alleles and grain quality, we characterized the Vrs1 alleles among a well-described collection of 81 spring barley accessions selected for divergence in head type and dry matter digestibility (DMD). The results indicated that the majority of two-rowed barleys have the Vrs1.b3-1 allele and the majority of six-rowed barleys carry the vrs1.a1-8 allele. In comparison with two-rowed barleys, six-rowed barleys were more variable in grain hardness. This divergence in hardness Values Was associated with specific vrs1 alleles, with barley accessions carrying the less severe amino acid missense mutation VRS1.a3-1 isoform being softer and having, higher DMD than those accessions carrying the more common VRS1.a1-1 amino acid frameshift isoform. The assignment of six-rowed barley cultivars to different vrs1 allele groups may prove beneficial for the selection of specific grain-quality parameters. C1 [Turuspekov, Y.; Martin, J. M.; Giroux, M. J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Bowman, G. P.] Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Beecher, B. S.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Giroux, MJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM mgiroux@montana.edu RI Giroux, Michael/F-4413-2010; Turuspekov, Yerlan/C-3458-2011; OI Turuspekov, Yerlan/0000-0001-8590-1745 FU USDA-ARS National Research Initiative Competitive [2004-35301-14538, 2007-35301-18135]; Montana Board of Research; Commercialization Technology; Montana Agricultural Experiment Station FX This research was supported by USDA-ARS National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program grants 2004-35301-14538 and 2007-35301-18135: Montana Board of Research and Commercialization Technology: and Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 85 IS 6 BP 817 EP 823 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-6-0817 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 398LN UT WOS:000262733700016 ER PT J AU Zhao, RY Bean, S Wu, XR Wang, DH AF Zhao, Renyong Bean, Scott Wu, Xiaorong Wang, Donghai TI Assessing Fermentation Quality of Grain Sorghum for Fuel Ethanol Production Using Rapid Visco-Analyzer SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LOW-TANNIN SORGHUM; HULL-LESS BARLEY; STARCH PROPERTIES; ALCOHOL PRODUCTION; PASTING PROPERTIES; AMYLOSE CONTENT; WHEAT; PROTEIN; GRAVITY; CORN AB The Rapid Visco-Analyzer (RVA) was used to characterize the pasting proper-ties of 68 sorghum grains with a standard 23-min temperature profile. The results showed a strong linear relationship between ethanol yield and final viscosity as well as setback. Ethanol yield increased as final viscosity decreased. A modified RVA procedure (10 min) with an application 4 alpha-amylase was developed to simulate the liquefaction step in dry-grind ethanol production. There was a remarkable difference in mashing properties among the sorghum samples with the normal dosage of alpha-amylase. The sorghum samples which were difficult to liquefy in the mashing step had much higher peak viscosities than the samples that were easily liquefied. The results also showed that the relationship between conversion efficiency and mashing property was significant. Tannins cause high mash viscosities. There was a strong linear relationship between tannin content and final viscosity as well as peak viscosity. The modified RVA procedure is applicable not only for characterization of mashing properties but also for optimization of alpha-amylase doses for starch liquefaction. C1 [Zhao, Renyong; Wu, Xiaorong; Wang, Donghai] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bean, Scott] ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Wang, DH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM dwang@ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2004-35504-14808] FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2004-35504-14808. We Would also like to thank Novozymes Inc. for providing Liquozyme SC DS and Spirizyme Fuel used in this research. NR 47 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 85 IS 6 BP 830 EP 836 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-6-0830 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 398LN UT WOS:000262733700018 ER PT J AU Zhao, RY Bean, SR Wang, DH AF Zhao, Renyong Bean, Scott R. Wang, Donghai TI Sorghum Protein Extraction by Sonication and Its Relationship to Ethanol Fermentation SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; WHEAT-FLOUR PROTEINS; STARCH DIGESTIBILITY; REDUCING AGENTS; MAIZE; COOKING; ENERGY; YIELD AB The objectives of this research were to develop a rapid method for extracting proteins from mashed and nonmashed sorghum meal using sonication (ultrasound), and to determine the relationships between the levels of extractable proteins and ethanol fermentation properties. Nine grain sorghum hybrids with a broad range of ethanol fermentation efficiencies were used. Proteins were extracted in an alkaline borate buffer using sonication and characterized and quantified by size-exclusion HPLC. A 30-sec sonication treatment extracted a lower level of proteins front nonmashed sorghum meal than extracting the proteins for 24 hr with buffer only (no sonication). However, more protein was extracted by sonication from the mashed samples than from the buffer-only 24-hr extraction. In addition. sonication extracted more polymeric proteins from both the mashed and nonmashed samples compared with the buffer-only extraction method. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy images showed that the web-like protein microstructures were disrupted during sonication. The results showed that there were strong relationships between extractable proteins and Fermentation parameters. Ethanol yield increased and conversion efficiency improved significantly as the amount of extractable proteins from sonication of mashed samples increased. The absolute amount of polymeric proteins extracted through sonication were also highly related to ethanol fermentation, Thus, the SE-HPLC area of proteins extracted from mashed sorghum using sonication could be used as an indicator for predicting fermentation quality of sorghum. C1 [Bean, Scott R.] ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Zhao, Renyong; Wang, Donghai] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Bean, SR (reprint author), ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM scott.bean@ars.usda.gov OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2004-35504-14808] FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2004-35504-14808. We would also like to thank Novozymes Inc. for providing Liquozyme SC DS and Spirizyme fuel used in this research. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 85 IS 6 BP 837 EP 842 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-6-0837 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 398LN UT WOS:000262733700019 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL Parrotta, CD Slawecki, R Li, QX Ikonomou, MG Barcelo, D Lacorte, S Rubiob, FM AF Shelver, Weilin L. Parrotta, Carmen D. Slawecki, Richard Li, Qing X. Ikonomou, Michael G. Barcelo, Damia Lacorte, Silvia Rubiob, Fernando M. TI Reply to comment by Sierra Rayne on "Development of a magnetic particle immunoassay for polybrominated diphenyl ethers and application to environmental and food matrices" [Chemosphere 73 (1S) (2008) S18-S23] SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Letter C1 [Shelver, Weilin L.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Parrotta, Carmen D.; Slawecki, Richard; Rubiob, Fernando M.] Abraxis LLC, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. [Li, Qing X.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ikonomou, Michael G.] Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ocean Sci Div, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Barcelo, Damia; Lacorte, Silvia] CSIC, IIQAB, Dept Environm Chem, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. RP Shelver, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, POB 5674, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM weilin.shelver@ars.usda.gov; frubio@abraxis-kits.com RI lacorte, silvia/M-5649-2014; OI lacorte, silvia/0000-0001-7192-4057; Barcelo, Damia/0000-0002-8873-0491 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 2008 VL 73 IS 10 BP 1700 EP 1700 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.077 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 381UO UT WOS:000261561600019 ER PT J AU Wilson, PWF Pencina, M Jacques, P Selhub, J D'Agostino, R O'Donnell, CJ AF Wilson, Peter W. F. Pencina, Michael Jacques, Paul Selhub, Jacob D'Agostino, Ralph, Sr. O'Donnell, Christopher J. TI C-Reactive Protein and Reclassification of Cardiovascular Risk in the Framingham Heart Study SO CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR QUALITY AND OUTCOMES LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; inflammation; risk factors; statistics AB Background-The relationship of circulating levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, particularly with consideration of effects at intermediate levels of risk, has not been fully assessed. Methods and Results-Among 3006 offspring participants in the Framingham Heart Study free of CVD (mean age, 46 years at baseline), there were 129 hard coronary heart disease (CHD) events and 286 total CVD events during 12 years of follow-up. Cox regression, discrimination with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and net reclassification improvement were used to assess the role of CRP on vascular risk. In an age-adjusted model that included both sexes, the hazard ratios for new hard CHD and total CVD were significantly associated with higher CRP levels. Similar analyses according to increasing homocysteine level showed significant protective associations for hard CHD but not for total CVD. In multivariable analyses that included age, sex, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, current smoking, hypertension treatment, and homocysteine, the log CRP level remained significantly related to development of hard CHD and total CVD and provided moderate improvement in the discrimination of events. The net reclassification improvement when CRP was added to traditional factors was 5.6% for total CVD (P=0.014) and 11.8% for hard CHD (P=0.009). Conclusions-Circulating levels of CRP help to estimate risk for initial cardiovascular events and may be used most effectively in persons at intermediate risk for vascular events, offering moderate improvement in reclassification of risk. (Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2008;1:92-97.) C1 [Wilson, Peter W. F.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, EPICORE, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. [Wilson, Peter W. F.] Atlanta VAMC Epidemiol & Genet Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pencina, Michael; D'Agostino, Ralph, Sr.; O'Donnell, Christopher J.] NHLBI, Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. [Pencina, Michael; D'Agostino, Ralph, Sr.] Boston Univ, Dept Math, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Jacques, Paul; Selhub, Jacob] Tufts USDA Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA USA. RP Wilson, PWF (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, EPICORE, Suite 1 N,1256 Briarcliff Rd, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. EM peter.wf.wilson@emory.edu FU Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health [R01 HL073272, N01 HC-25195]; Boston University School of Medicine FX This study was supported by grant R01 HL073272 (to P. W. F. W.) from the Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health and Boston University School of Medicine. This work was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study (contract N01 HC-25195). NR 35 TC 146 Z9 151 U1 2 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1941-7713 J9 CIRC-CARDIOVASC QUAL JI Circ.-Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes PD NOV PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 92 EP 97 DI 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.108.831198 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V11AL UT WOS:000207504400005 PM 20031795 ER PT J AU Harrington, NP Surujballi, OP Prescott, JF Duncan, JR Waters, WR Lyashchenko, K Greenwald, R AF Harrington, Noel P. Surujballi, Om P. Prescott, John F. Duncan, J. Robert Waters, W. Ray Lyashchenko, Konstantin Greenwald, Rena TI Antibody Responses of Cervids (Cervus elaphus) following Experimental Mycobacterium bovis Infection and the Implications for Immunodiagnosis SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT; BADGERS MELES-MELES; T-CELL ANTIGENS; STAT-PAK ASSAY; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; SERUM ANTIBODIES; TUBERCULOSIS; CATTLE; DIAGNOSIS AB Captive and free-ranging wildlife animals are implicated in the maintenance and transmission of bovine tuberculosis and therefore pose a significant obstacle to eradication of the disease from domestic livestock. The current antemortem diagnostic method, the intradermal tuberculin skin test, is impractical for routine use with many wild animals. Antibody-based assays are particularly attractive because the animals are handled only once and immediate processing of the sample is not required. This report characterizes the antibody responses of red deer-elk hybrids (Cervus elaphus) against Mycobacterium bovis and subsequently evaluates the diagnostic performance of select antigens in a rapid-test format. Sequential serum samples were collected from 10 animals experimentally infected with M. bovis and 5 noninfected animals over a 7-month period postinfection (p.i.). Samples were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunoblot analyses, and multiantigen print immunoassays for seroreactivity to mycobacterial antigens. Although all infected animals produced antibodies to M. bovis protein antigens, there was significant animal-to-animal variation in the kinetics and magnitudes of responses and the antigens recognized. The most frequently recognized antigens included MPB83, ESAT-6, CFP10, and MPB70. Responses to some antigens, such as MPB83, were consistently detected as early as 4 weeks after inoculation, whereas other antigens were detected only much later (> 140 days p.i.). Antibody responses were boosted by injection of tuberculin for intradermal tuberculin skin testing. Comparison of single-antigen (fluorescence polarization assay) with multiantigen (CervidTB STAT-PAK) rapid tests demonstrated that a highly sensitive and specific serodiagnostic test for tuberculosis in cervids will require multiple and carefully selected seroreactive antigens covering a broad spectrum of antibody specificities. C1 [Harrington, Noel P.; Surujballi, Om P.; Duncan, J. Robert] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa Lab Fallowfield, Ottawa, ON K2H 8P9, Canada. [Harrington, Noel P.; Prescott, John F.] Univ Guelph, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Waters, W. Ray] USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Lyashchenko, Konstantin; Greenwald, Rena] Chembio Diagnost Syst Inc, Medford, MA USA. RP Harrington, NP (reprint author), Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa Lab Fallowfield, 3851 Fallowfield Rd, Ottawa, ON K2H 8P9, Canada. EM harringtonnp@inspection.gc.ca FU CFIA FX Financial support for this study was provided by the CFIA. We thank Peter Andersen, James McNair, and John Pollock for kindly providing antigens for these experiments; Jim Algire and the Animal Care Staff for serum collection and animal handling at the OLF; and Hilary Kelly, Wendy Monagle, Anna Romanowska, and Erin Tangorra from the CFIA and Shelly Zimmerman, Ryan Cook, and Jessica Pollock from the NADC for their excellent technical assistance. We also thank B. Brooks and J. Stevens for critical reading of this paper. NR 49 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 15 IS 11 BP 1650 EP 1658 DI 10.1128/CVI.00251-08 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 369DJ UT WOS:000260674200004 PM 18815233 ER PT J AU Small, BC Murdock, CA Bilodeau-Bourgeois, AL Peterson, BC Waldbieser, GC AF Small, Brian C. Murdock, Christopher A. Bilodeau-Bourgeois, A. Lelania Peterson, Brian C. Waldbieser, Geoffrey C. TI Stability of reference genes for real-time PCR analyses in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) tissues under varying physiological conditions SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Channel catfish; Housekeeping genes; Normalization; Real-time PCR ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; VIRULENT EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RELIABLE REFERENCE GENES; HOUSEKEEPING GENES; RT-PCR; IGF-I; GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE; RESOLVED FLUOROIMMUNOASSAY; EXOGENOUS CORTISOL AB Real-time PCR is a highly sensitive, relatively easy to perform assay for quantifying mRNA abundance. However, there are several complexities built into the assay that can affect data interpretation. Most notably, the selection of an appropriate internal control for normalization is essential for expression data interpretation. In this study we investigated the suitability of seven commonly used genes [18S ribosomal RNA (18S), alpha tubulin (TUBA), beta actin (ACTB), beta-2 microglobulin (B2M), embryonic elongation factor-1 alpha (EEF1A), glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and RNA polymerase 11 polypeptide B (POLR2B)] as potential quantitative references for normalizing real-time PCR data generated in the study of channel catfish physiology. Gene expression and stability were evaluated among 15 channel catfish tissues and within physiologically-relevant tissues in response to experimental manipulation (i.e. LHRH injection, fasting, and acute stress). Expression of the seven candidate reference genes varied across all tissue types tested, indicating that none of the genes could suitably serve as reference genes for cross tissue comparisons. Experimentally altering the physiological state of the fish differentially affected expression of the various reference genes depending on experimental design and tissue type, with 18S unaffected by the experimental treatment in all tissues examined. For example, the selection of a differentially expressed gene, GAPDH, as opposed to 18S, to normalize hepatic growth hormone receptor during fasting resulted in misinterpretation of the data. These results reveal the importance of providing comprehensive details of reference gene validation when publishing real-time PCR results, with this manuscript serving as a basic guideline for reference gene selection in channel catfish research. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Small, Brian C.; Murdock, Christopher A.; Bilodeau-Bourgeois, A. Lelania; Peterson, Brian C.; Waldbieser, Geoffrey C.] USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Small, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Brian.Small@ars.usda.gov RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 43 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 151 IS 3 BP 296 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.07.010 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 371GN UT WOS:000260819900008 PM 18692590 ER PT J AU Michopoulos, JG Hermanson, JC Furukawa, T AF Michopoulos, John G. Hermanson, John C. Furukawa, Tomonari TI Towards the robotic characterization of the constitutive response of composite materials SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on composite Structures CY NOV 19, 2007 CL Monash Univ, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA HO Monash Univ DE mechatronic characterization; material constitutive response; automated characterization; multidimensional loading spaces; parameter identification; data-driven characterization ID DISSIPATED ENERGY DENSITY; STRAIN-INDUCED DAMAGE AB A historical and technical overview of a paradigm for automating research procedures on the area of constitutive identification of composite materials is presented. Computationally controlled robotic, multiple degree-of-freedom mechatronic systems are used to accelerate the rate of performing data-collecting experiments along loading paths defined in multidimensional loading spaces. The collected data are utilized for the inexpensive data-driven determination of bulk material non-linear constitutive behavior models as a consequence of generalized loading through parameter identification/estimation methodologies based on the inverse approach. The concept of the dissipated energy density is utilized as the representative encapsulation of the non-linear part of the constitutive response that is responsible for the irreversible character of the overall behavior. Demonstrations of this paradigm are given for the cases of polymer matrix composite materials systems. Finally, this computational and mechatronic infrastructure is used to create conceptual, analytical and computational models for describing and predicting material and Structural performance. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Michopoulos, John G.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Special Projects Grp,Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hermanson, John C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Furukawa, Tomonari] Univ New S Wales, Cooperat Res Ctr Adv Composite Struct, Sch Mech & Mfg Engn, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Special Projects Grp,Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Code 6390-2, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.michopoulos@nrl.navy.mil; jhermans@wisc.edu; t.furukawa@unsw.edu.au RI Hermanson, John/K-8106-2015; Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Hermanson, John/0000-0002-3325-6665; Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1-3 BP 154 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2008.03.009 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 339WR UT WOS:000258608500020 ER PT J AU Jong, L Peterson, SC AF Jong, L. Peterson, S. C. TI Effects of soy protein nanoparticle aggregate size on the viscoelastic properties of styrene-butadiene composites SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE Particle-reinforcement; Rheological properties; Thermomechanical; Soy protein ID LATEX FILMS; ELASTOMER COMPOSITES; FILLER INTERACTIONS; BEHAVIOR AB Soy protein nanoparticle aggregates were prepared by alkaline hydrolysis of soy protein isolate (SPI). Nanocomposites were formed by mixing hydrolyzed SPI (HSPI) nanoparticle aggregates with styrene-butadiene (SB) latex. At 140 degrees C, the composites filled with 30% HSPI exhibited roughly a 540- and 9-fold increase in G' compared to the unfilled SB rubber for the composites prepared at pH 9 and 5.2, respectively. Compared to SPI, the glass transition temperatures and the broadening effect of G '' maxima indicated that HSPI has a stronger filler-polymer interaction and is more homogeneous in its polymer immobilization effect. Strain sweep and recovery experiments indicated HSPI-filled composites had better modulus retention than SPI composites. The model fitting of the reversible strain sweep data indicated that HSPI composites are more elastic, while SPI composites have a higher shear modulus. The model fitting also indicates the composites prepared at pH 5.2 are more elastic, but the composites prepared at pH 9 have a higher modulus. Fractal dimensions estimated from the strain sweep and temperature sweep experiments are in good agreement and indicate HSPI has a more compact aggregate structure than SPI aggregates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jong, L.; Peterson, S. C.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jong, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM lei.jong@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1768 EP 1777 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.09.001 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 380LE UT WOS:000261466400012 ER PT J AU Bayard De Volo, S Reynolds, RT Douglas, MR Antolin, MF AF Bayard De Volo, Shelley Reynolds, Richard T. Douglas, Marlis R. Antolin, Michael F. TI AN IMPROVED EXTRACTION METHOD TO INCREASE DNA YIELD FROM MOLTED FEATHERS SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Accipiter gentilis; DNA extraction; DNA yield; molted feathers; noninvasive genetic sampling; Northern Goshawk ID NATURALLY SHED FEATHERS; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; NONINVASIVE SAMPLES; WILD CHIMPANZEES; AQUILA-HELIACA; POPULATION; IDENTIFICATION; BIRDS; CONNECTIVITY; URINE AB To assess the value of molted feathers as a noninvasive source of DNA for genetic studies of Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis), we isolated and quantified DNA from molted feathers and compared yields across five feather types. We also compared PCR success across the same five feather types using five microsatellite genetic markers of varying size. In addition, we compared DNA yields from a commonly used extraction method versus one we modified to increase DNA yield. Results indicated molted feathers provided on average 24 ng mu l(-1) of DNA, which is a relatively high DNA yield compared to other noninvasive tissue sources. Tail feathers yielded significantly more DNA than primary, secondary, and smaller feathers, yet all feather sizes produced equally high rates of PCR success. Although our modified extraction method increased the time required for processing feathers, it resulted in significantly higher yields of DNA as compared to the unmodified protocol. C1 [Bayard De Volo, Shelley; Antolin, Michael F.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bayard De Volo, Shelley; Antolin, Michael F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Douglas, Marlis R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bayard De Volo, Shelley; Reynolds, Richard T.] USFS, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Bayard De Volo, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Shelley.Bayard_de_Volo@ColoState.edu RI Bayard de Volo, Shelley/G-4463-2011; Reynolds, Richard/C-2190-2014 FU Colorado State University's (CSU) Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Small Research Grant; Raptor Research Foundation; Doctoral Dissertation Improvement [DEB-0508921]; National Science Foundation; USDA Forest Service Southwest Region [05-JV-11021607-106] FX Laboratory research was funded through the Small Grant Research Fund Grand Canyon National Park Foundation, Colorado State University's (CSU) Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Small Research Grant; CSU Graduate Research Grant, the 2002 Stephen R. Tully Memorial Grant Raptor Research Foundation, and a Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant (DEB-0508921) provided by the National Science Foundation. Field sampling was funded by the USDA Forest Service Southwest Region and through a Rocky Mountain Research Station-Colorado State University Joint Venture Agreement (05-JV-11021607-106). This work was possible only with the assistance of many field-crew members who located goshawk nests and collected molted feathers (1991-2000). Protocol adjustments suggested by S. Talbot. U.S. Geologic Survey Anchorage, were instrumental in the study's success. L. Savage and D. Tripp provided invaluable expertise in laboratory procedures and N. Stifani assisted with genetic data collection. We thank R. King for statistical review, J. Torres-Dowdall and I. Quintero for Spanish translation of the abstract, and K. Burnham, K. McKelvey, M. Schwartz, as well as two anonymous reviewers for comments oil early drafts of the manuscript. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2008 VL 110 IS 4 BP 762 EP 766 DI 10.1525/cond.2008.8586 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 393PQ UT WOS:000262385600017 ER PT J AU Hanson, CT North, MP AF Hanson, Chad T. North, Malcolm P. TI POSTFIRE WOODPECKER FORAGING IN SALVAGE-LOGGED AND UNLOGGED FORESTS OF THE SIERRA NEVADA SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE foraging; high-severity fire; salvage logging; Sierra Nevada; stand-replacement fire; woodpeckers ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS; CONIFER FORESTS; FIRE; CALIFORNIA; DYNAMICS; WILDFIRE; ECOLOGY; TIME; USA AB In forests, high-severity burn patches-wherein most or all of the trees are killed by fire-often occur within a mosaic of low- and moderate-severity effects. Although there have been several studies of postfire salvage-logging effects on bird species, there have been few studies of effects on bird species associated with high-severity patches in forests that have otherwise burned at lower severities. From 2004 to 2006, we investigated the foraging presence or absence of three woodpecker species, the Black-backed (Picoides arctictis), Hairy (P. villosus), and White-headed (P. albolarvatus) Woodpeckers, within four different forest habitat conditions in Sierra Nevada conifer forests: unburned; moderate-severity and unlogged; high-severity and unlogged; and high-severity and logged. We found Black-backed Woodpecker foraging was restricted to unlogged high-severity patches. Hairy Woodpeckers foraged most in unlogged high-severity patches, and White-headed Woodpeckers showed no significant difference in presence among conditions. These results suggest that unlogged, high-severity forest is important habitat for the Black-backed and Hairy Woodpeckers. C1 [Hanson, Chad T.] Univ Calif Davis, Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Sci, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [North, Malcolm P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacfic SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hanson, CT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Sci, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cthanson@ucdavis.edu NR 39 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 25 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2008 VL 110 IS 4 BP 777 EP 782 DI 10.1525/cond.2008.8611 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 393PQ UT WOS:000262385600020 ER PT J AU Paskett, ED Reeves, KW McLaughlin, JM Katz, ML McAlearney, AS Ruffin, MT Halbert, CH Merete, C Davis, F Gehlert, S AF Paskett, Electra D. Reeves, Katherine W. McLaughlin, John M. Katz, Mira L. McAlearney, Ann Scheck Ruffin, Mack T. Halbert, Chanita Hughes Merete, Cristina Davis, Faith Gehlert, Sarah TI Recruitment of minority and underserved populations in the United States: The centers for population health and health disparities experience SO CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE Health disparities; Recruitment; Underserved populations; Minorities; Participant burden ID CANCER CLINICAL-TRIALS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; PARTICIPATION; PREVENTION; STRATEGIES; COMMUNITY; PROMOTION; ATTITUDES; BARRIERS; RETENTION AB Objective: The recruitment of minority and underserved individuals to research studies is often problematic. The purpose of this study was to describe the recruitment experiences of projects that actively recruited minority and underserved populations as part of The Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD) initiative. Methods: Principal investigators and research staff from 17 research projects at eight institutions across the United States were surveyed about their recruitment experiences. Investigators reported the study purpose and design, recruitment methods employed, recruitment progress, problems or challenges to recruitment, strategies used to address these problems, and difficulties resulting from Institutional Review Board (IRB) or Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) requirements. Additionally, information was collected about participant burden and compensation. Burden was classified on a three-level scale. Recruitment results were reported as of March 31. 2007. Results: Recruitment attainment ranged from 52% to 184% of the participant recruitment goals. Commonly reported recruitment problems included administrative issues, and difficulties with establishing community partnerships and contacting potential participants. Long study questionnaires, extended follow-up, and narrow eligibility criteria were also problematic. The majority of projects reported difficulties with IRB approvals, though few reported issues related to HIPAA requirements. Attempted solutions to recruitment problems varied across Centers and included using multiple recruitment sites and sources and culturally appropriate invitations to participate. Participant burden and compensation varied widely across the projects, however, accrual appeared to be inversely associated with the amount of participant burden for each project. Conclusion: Recruitment of minority and underserved populations to clinical trials is necessary to increase study generalizbility and reduce health disparities. Our results demonstrate the importance of flexible study designs which allow adaptation to recruitment challenges. These experiences also highlight the importance of involving community members and reducing participant burden to achieve success in recruiting individuals from minority and underserved populations. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Paskett, Electra D.; McLaughlin, John M.; Katz, Mira L.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Paskett, Electra D.; McLaughlin, John M.; Katz, Mira L.; McAlearney, Ann Scheck] Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Reeves, Katherine W.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Publ Hlth, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Reeves, Katherine W.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Publ Hlth, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Ruffin, Mack T.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Halbert, Chanita Hughes] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Halbert, Chanita Hughes] Univ Penn, Abramson Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Merete, Cristina] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Davis, Faith] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. [Gehlert, Sarah] Univ Illinois, Inst Mind & Biol, Chicago, IL USA. RP Paskett, ED (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ctr Comprehens Canc, A356 Starling Loving Hall,320 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM Electra.Paskett@osumc.edu OI Ruffin, Mack/0000-0001-8336-478X FU [P50 ES012395]; [P50 ES012382]; [P50 ES012383]; [P01 AG02323394]; [P50 CA1065631]; [P50 CA015632]; [P50 CA106743]; [P50 CA105641] FX P50 ES012395, P50 ES012382, P50 ES012383, P01 AG02323394, P50 CA1065631, P50 CA015632, P50 CA106743, P50 CA105641. NR 70 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1551-7144 J9 CONTEMP CLIN TRIALS JI Contemp. Clin. Trials PD NOV PY 2008 VL 29 IS 6 BP 847 EP 861 DI 10.1016/j.cct.2008.07.006 PG 15 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 373RO UT WOS:000260990300006 PM 18721901 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Hansen, JD AF Johnson, J. A. Hansen, J. D. TI Evidence for the non-pest status of codling moth on commercial fresh sweet cherries intended for export SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Codling moth; Host preference; Sweet cherry; Quarantine; Export ID QUARANTINE TREATMENTS; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; SURVIVAL; FRUIT; HOST AB Before accepting a systems approach as an alternative to methyl bromide fumigation for U.S. fresh sweet cherries, Prunus avium (L.) L, exported to Japan, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan required additional evidence that sweet cherries are poor or non-hosts for codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Evidence was collected through field trapping and fruit evaluations in Washington state and California. During the 2006 cherry season, pheromone traps were placed in six commercial cherry orchards within the Yakima Valley in Washington, and in four commercial orchards in the San Joaquin Valley in California. All cherry orchards were adjacent or near to walnuts, apples, or pear orchards. No pest control measures that might affect codling moth were used in the cherry orchards. The maximum weekly trap catch in California was 5.5 codling moth adults per trap, whereas in Washington an organic orchard had the maximum weekly trap catch of 36.5 moths per trap and the highest weekly average catch of 11.0 moths per trap. At least 10,000 harvested cherries from each of three of the commercial Washington orchards, and all four California orchards were examined under a dissecting microscope for the presence of codling moth larvae. A total of 78,701 fruits were examined, yet no codling moth larvae were found. These results suggest that cherries are not preferred hosts for codling moth, even in areas with high adult populations. This information supports the system approach for quarantine security for domestic cherries exported to Japan. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Johnson, J. A.] USDA ARS, SJVASC, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Hansen, J. D.] USDA ARS, YARL, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, SJVASC, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM jjohnson@fresno.ars.usda.gov FU Bryant Christie Inc; California Cherry Advisory Board; USDA-FAS through the Northwest Fruit Exporters and California Cherry Advisory Board FX We thank the following: the participating cherry growers; Jim Archer and Fred Scarlett (Northwest Fruit Exporters) and Joe Grant (Farm Advisor, San Joaquin County) for site selection, research funding, and support; James Christie (Bryant Christie Inc.) and Jim Culbertson (California Cherry Advisory Board) for research support and funding; Michele Watkins, Millie Heidt, Rebecca Stamm, and Aaron Lance (USDA-ARS, Wapato WA). Karen Valero, Idalia Orellana, Alma Orellana, and Steve Arroyo (USDA-ARS, Parlier CA) for laboratory assistance; John Brown (ARS-Smithsonian) and Paul Herbert and Jeremy de Waard (University of Guelph) for identifying the unknown specimen. Thanks also to Peter Follett (USDA-ARS, Hilo HI) and Robert Van Steenwyk (Univ. of CA, Berkeley, CA) for reviewing the manuscript. This study was funded in part by a grant from USDA-FAS through the Northwest Fruit Exporters and California Cherry Advisory Board. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1415 EP 1420 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2008.06.002 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 370AN UT WOS:000260735200002 ER PT J AU Hagy, HM Linz, GM Bleier, WJ AF Hagy, Heath M. Linz, George M. Bleier, William J. TI Optimizing the use of decoy plots for blackbird control in commercial sunflower SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Bird damage; Integrated pest management; Lure plots; Migration; WCSP ID DAMAGE; BIRDS AB In 2004, USDA's Wildlife Services began to cost share 8-ha Wildlife Conservation Sunflower Plots (WCSP) with sunflower growers to lure migrating blackbirds away from commercial sunflower fields. During late summer and fall of 2004 and 2005, blackbirds used sunflower more than other crops, especially WCSP placed near blackbird roosts. Blackbird density in WCSP and commercial sunflower was negatively associated with nearby habitat types (<2.4 km) that provided alternative foraging locations, including hectares of sunflower, wheat, and fallow lands. Blackbird density was positively associated with shelterbelts, wetlands, and unused habitats, such as soybean fields. Blackbird damage was lower in commercial sunflower fields closely associated with WCSP (<= 2.4 km) than commercial sunflower fields >10 km from WCSP. Across both years, birds removed an average of 435 kg/ha and 49 kg/ha of sunflower seed in WCSP and commercial sunflower fields, respectively. Additionally, in 2005, blackbirds removed 181 kg/ha of seed in commercial sunflower >10 km from WCSP (reference fields). WCSP had a cost-benefit ratio of 3.4:1; however, in reference sunflower fields, birds removed 3.2 times more sunflower seed than in commercial sunflower fields near WCSP. Our data suggest that producers should consider planting cost-shared WCSP as part of an integrated pest management strategy to reduce blackbird damage to commercial sunflower. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hagy, Heath M.; Bleier, William J.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Linz, George M.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Hagy, HM (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Box 9690,Thompson Hall, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM hmh100@msstate.edu FU USDA; Wildlife Services' National Wildlife Research Center; North Dakota/South Dakota Wildlife Services; North Dakota State University Department of Biological Sciences FX We thank the USDA, Wildlife Services' National Wildlife Research Center, North Dakota/South Dakota Wildlife Services, and North Dakota State University Department of Biological Sciences for funding and support. Mycogen Seeds (R) (2220 W Lincoln Ave. Olivia, MN 56277) provided planting seed in 2005. We thank field and lab assistants for their dedicated service. We also thank Jon Raetzman, many NDSU graduate students, and Wildlife Services personnel for assistance in data collection. We thank Sam Riffell and Matt Smith for providing consultation pertaining to our statistical analysis and anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticism and suggestions. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1442 EP 1447 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2008.07.006 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 370AN UT WOS:000260735200007 ER PT J AU Johal, GS Balint-Kurti, P Well, CF AF Johal, Gurniukh S. Balint-Kurti, Peter Well, Clifford F. TI Mining and Harnessing Natural Variation: A Little MAGIC SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CRYPTIC GENETIC-VARIATION; BACKCROSS QTL ANALYSIS; DISEASE LESION MIMICS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CELL-DEATH; MAIZE; DISCOVERY; GENOME; ASSOCIATION AB The success of a breeding program depends on having adequate diversity in the germplasm. However, as advanced breeding stocks and materials are generated, one casualty is the diversity itself. As a result, breeding programs in many crop species have reached a point of diminishing returns and it is feared that unless new diversity is infused into the breeding germplasm, we face catastrophic reductions in crop productivity if the climate turns adverse. Although some scientists favor transgenic approaches, a "back to nature" approach to genetic diversity may prove faster and more effective. Wild and exotic relatives of crop plants hold a wealth of alleles that, if we can find them, can help break yield barriers and enhance tolerance to stresses. Many approaches, based largely on quantitative trait loci genetics, have been proposed and used for this purpose, but most are either highly laborious or discover relevant variation inefficiently. Here, we propose a gene-centered approach, dubbed MAGIC (mutant-assisted gene identification and characterization), that uses Mendelian mutants or other genetic variants in a trait of interest as reporters to identify novel genes and variants for that trait. MAGIC is similar to enhancer-suppressor screens, but rather than relying on variation created in the laboratory, it reveals variation created and refined by nature over millions of years of evolution. This approach could be an effective tool for exploring novel variation and a valuable means to harness natural diversity and define genetic networks. C1 [Johal, Gurniukh S.] Purdue Univ, Dep Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Balint-Kurti, Peter] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dep Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Well, Clifford F.] Purdue Univ, Dep Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Johal, GS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dep Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM gjohal@purdue.edu OI Balint-Kurti, Peter/0000-0002-3916-194X NR 58 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2066 EP 2073 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.03.0150 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 382IH UT WOS:000261599000002 ER PT J AU Edwards, JW AF Edwards, Jode W. TI Predicted Genetic Gain and Inbreeding Depression with General Inbreeding Levels in Selection Candidates and Offspring SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAIZE POPULATION; COVARIANCES; RELATIVES; SELF AB Methods for predicting response to selection in noninbred populations for individuals and family-based selection methods have been very well developed. However, theory to predict improvement of inbred lines derived from a recombined population, as well the predicted change in inbreeding depression rate, has not been developed. Prediction equations for general levels of inbreeding in both selection candidates and recombined offspring of selected parents for intrapopulation selection methods were developed. All common methods of individual, half-sib, and self-progeny selection were predicted to change inbreeding depression rates in a population if the covariance parameters D(1) and D(2). were nonzero. However, the change in inbreeding depression rate was unaffected by additive genetic variance. It was further established that outbred selection in some maize (Zea mays L.) populations may be expected to increase inbreeding depression based on published estimates of the covariance parameter D(1). C1 Iowa State Univ, Dep Agron, USDA ARS, CICGRU, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Edwards, JW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dep Agron, USDA ARS, CICGRU, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jode.edwards@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2086 EP 2096 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.01.0001 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 382IH UT WOS:000261599000004 ER PT J AU Tabien, RE Samonte, SOPB McClung, AM AF Tabien, Rodante E. Samonte, Stanley Omar P. B. McClung, Anna M. TI Forty-eight Years of Rice Improvement in Texas since the Release of Cultivar Bluebonnet in 1944 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT; GRAIN-YIELD; PROGRESS; OAT AB Information on the contribution of plant breeding to changes in yields and other agronomic traits is useful for optimizing selection gains; thus, this study aimed to determine the contribution of Texas rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding to changes in cultivars released during the 48 yr since the release of 'Bluebonnet' in 1944. Twenty-three cultivars were evaluated in three environments and two N levels. Days to heading, plant height, whole and total milled rice percentages, and grain yield were measured. Significant variation among cultivars was found for all traits evaluated, while N affected all traits except milled rice. There was a linear decrease in days to heading in cultivars released from 1944 to 1992. Plant height decreased at 1.28 and 1.10 cm yr(-1) for the 190 and 95 kg ha(-1) N levels, respectively, mainly due to the incorporation of the semidwarf gene in many cultivars starting in 1981. Plant heights of recently released cultivars were more stable across N levels and less susceptible to lodging. Although whole and total milled rice percentages increased at 0.06 and 0.03% yr(-1), respectively, environmental factors limited their genetic advances. Grain yield increased at 42.0 and 26.3 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) under the 190 and 95 kg ha(-1) N levels, respectively, demonstrating that newer releases responded well to higher N. These show the remarkable progress in the Texas rice breeding program from 1944 to 1992. C1 [Tabien, Rodante E.; Samonte, Stanley Omar P. B.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. [McClung, Anna M.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Tabien, RE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, 1509 Aggie Dr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. EM retabien@ag.tamu.edu NR 22 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2097 EP 2106 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.12.0680 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 382IH UT WOS:000261599000005 ER PT J AU Jackson, EW Wise, M Bonman, JM Obert, DE Hu, G Peterson, DM AF Jackson, Eric W. Wise, Michael Bonman, J. Michael Obert, Don E. Hu, Gongshe Peterson, David M. TI QTLs Affecting alpha-Tocotrienol, alpha-Tocopherol, and Total Tocopherol Concentrations Detected in the Ogle/TAM O-301 Oat Mapping Population SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CROWN RUST; VITAMIN-E; CULTIVATED OAT; RESISTANCE; BARLEY; IDENTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; ACCUMULATION AB Consumption of oat (Avena sativa L.) products has been credited with reducing the risk of various diseases. This may be due in part to tocopherol content. Studies have shown variation in alpha-tocotrienol, alpha-tocopherol, and total tocopherol levels among oat cultivars, however, the genetic basis of these traits is unknown. The objectives of this study were to examine the genetic mechanisms affecting tocopherol levels in the Ogle1040/TAM O-301 population and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) useful for improving tocopherol levels in oat. The population was grown in Aberdeen and Tetonia, ID, over 4 yr. Alpha-tocotrienol, a.-tocopherol, and total tocopherol contents were measured in harvested seed. Mean levels of all three tocopherol measurements were higher from the irrigated Aberdeen location than from the nonirrigated Tetonia location. One major and four minor QTLs were detected, which accounted for a majority of the a-tocotrienol variation across all locations, while six minor QTLs accounted for a majority of the a-tocopherol variation. Only one QTL affecting total tocopherol was detected apart from QTLs affecting a-tocotrienol and a-tocopherol. Overall, we have identified markers linked to QTLs affecting a-tocotrienol and a-tocopherol. Since the highest level of both tocopherols in lines of the population were higher than from previously tested cultivars, these QTLs should be useful to increase specific tocopherol levels. C1 [Jackson, Eric W.; Bonman, J. Michael; Obert, Don E.] USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Wise, Michael; Peterson, David M.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Jackson, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Res Unit, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Eric.Jackson@ars.usda.gov FU Quaker Oats Company FX The authors thank Irene Shackelford and Lauri Herrin for their technical expertise in the field and laboratory experiments and with data collection. We are also grateful to Jim Whitmore, Denise Wedel. Randy Gamble, and the staff of the University of Idaho Research and Extension Center for field plot maintenance. This research was supported in part by the Quaker Oats Company. a unit of PepsiCo Beverages & Foods. The authors dedicate this Manuscript to the late Dr. Dave L. Hoffinan whose efforts were foundation of this research. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2141 EP 2152 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.11.0658 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 382IH UT WOS:000261599000010 ER PT J AU Casler, MD Diaby, M AF Casler, M. D. Diaby, M. TI Positive Genetic Correlation between Forage Yield and Fiber of Smooth Bromegrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BAHIAGRASS POPULATIONS; PHENOTYPIC SELECTION; DIVERGENT SELECTION; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; GRASS TRIALS; ACCESSIONS; COLLECTION; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; PLANTS AB Voluntary intake potential of a forage crop is generally considered to be the most important feed characteristic regulating animal performance. Efforts to develop forage crops with reduced bulk volume, measured by neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration, have been associated with reduced plant fitness. The objective of this study was to evaluate a second cycle of divergent selection for NDF in four smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) pedigrees and to determine if concomitant selection for spaced-plant vigor could counteract the loss in forage yield associated with selection for low NDF In both high and low directions of Cycle-2, populations were created with and without concomitant selection for plant vigor. Selection responses for NDF and forage yield were linear through both cycles of selection in both directions. Although responses were not uniform across the four pedigrees, changes in NDF were reflected in changes in forage yield on all levels evaluated: selection direction (high vs. low NDF), individual cycles, and vigor selections. Although combined selection for low NDF and high vigor improved forage yield in the low-NDF direction for one of four pedigrees, it did not alter the strong positive relationship between NDF and forage yield across all populations and cycles. The genetic correlation between NDF and forage yield appears to be physiological in origin, caused largely by overlapping genic specificities (i.e., pleiotropy). C1 [Casler, M. D.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM michael.casler@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2153 EP 2158 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.03.0132 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 382IH UT WOS:000261599000011 ER PT J AU Vogel, KP Mitchell, KB AF Vogel, Kenneth P. Mitchell, Kob B. TI Heterosis in Switchgrass: Biomass Yield in Swards SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PANICUM-VIRGATUM; LOLIUM-PERENNE; POPULATIONS; ADAPTATION; CLASSIFICATION; GRASSES; MARKERS; DNA AB Improving the biomass yield of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) will improve its utility as a dedicated energy crop by increasing both its net and total energy yield per hectare. In a previous space-transplanted study, midparent heterosis for biomass yield was reported for population and specific F(1) hybrids of the lowland-tetraploid cultivar Kanlow and the upland-tetraploid cultivar Summer. These two cultivars were proposed to be two different heterotic groups. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of heterosis for biomass yield in reciprocal Kanlow (K) and Summer (S) F, population hybrids grown in simulated swards and to determine the effect of advance in generation on biomass yield. Parent populations and their F(1), F(2), and F(3) population hybrids were grown in transplanted sward plots located near Mead, NE, for a three-year period. Plant density in the simulated swards was equivalent to acceptable stands in seeded plots. Plots were not harvested the establishment year to enable them to become fully established. Biomass yields were determined for the following two years. There was significant high-parent heterosis of 30 to 38% (P <= 0.01) for biomass yield for both the K x S F(1) and S x K F(1) hybrid populations. Heterosis for biomass yield declined with advance in generation. Heterosis for biomass yield in switchgrass may need the competitive conditions of swards to be fully expressed. Additional trials of specific hybrids established from seed are needed to further verify these conclusions. These results do provide ample justification for additional research to develop switchgrass population and specific hybrids. C1 [Vogel, Kenneth P.; Mitchell, Kob B.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Vogel, KP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 314 Biochem Hall,POB 830737, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Ken.Vogel@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 21 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2159 EP 2164 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.02.0117 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 382IH UT WOS:000261599000012 ER PT J AU Lee, JD Smothers, SL Dunn, D Villagarcia, M Shumway, CR Carter, TE Shannon, JG AF Lee, Jeong-Dong Smothers, Scotty L. Dunn, David Villagarcia, Margarita Shumway, Calvin R. Carter, Thomas E., Jr. Shannon, J. Grover TI Evaluation of a Simple Method to Screen Soybean Genotypes for Salt Tolerance SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SALINITY STRESS; CULTIVARS; GROWTH; MERRILL; PLANTS AB Excessive salt can reduce soybean yield [Glycine max (L.) Merr] in grower fields. Salt-tolerant cultivars are needed to prevent field yield losses where excess salt is a problem. Soybean genotypes have primarily been evaluated for reaction to salt in the greenhouse using a labor-intensive and costly hydroponics method. A reliable, inexpensive method to screen soybean lines for salt tolerance would be useful in breeding programs. A simple, inexpensive method of exposing V2 to V3 plants growing in a sandy soil in plastic cone-tainers (PC method) was compared to the hydroponics method to evaluate soybean genotypes for salt tolerance in the greenhouse. Fourteen soybean genotypes including checks 'Hutcheson' (sensitive), and 'S-100' and 'Forrest' (tolerant) were exposed to 100 mM salt solution at the V2 to V3 growth stage. Genotypes responded similarly to the screening methods except leaf scorch, an indicator of salt damage, appeared up to 4 d sooner in the PC method. The PC method was highly correlated with the hydroponics method for leaf scorch score and chloride content in soybean leaves among the 14 genotypes evaluated. Exposure of roots at the V2 to V3 growth stage to salt solution using the PC method was less labor intensive, consumed less time, was less costly, and gave similar results compared with the hydroponics method. Thus, the PC method is an easy, reliable method to screen soybean genotypes for salt tolerance. C1 [Lee, Jeong-Dong; Smothers, Scotty L.; Dunn, David; Shannon, J. Grover] Univ Missouri, Delta Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. [Villagarcia, Margarita; Carter, Thomas E., Jr.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Shumway, Calvin R.] Arkansas State Univ, Coll Agr, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. RP Shannon, JG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Delta Ctr, POB 160,147 State Highway, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. EM shannong@missouri.edu NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 13 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2194 EP 2200 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.02.0090 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 382IH UT WOS:000261599000015 ER PT J AU Vuong, TD Diers, BW Hartman, GL AF Vuong, T. D. Diers, B. W. Hartman, G. L. TI Identification of QTL for Resistance to Sclerotinia Stem Rot in Soybean Plant Introduction 194639 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WHITE MOLD DISEASE; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; GLYCINE-MAX; INHERITANCE; POPULATIONS; CULTIVARS; SUNFLOWER; CROSS; YIELD AB Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr], caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is a difficult disease to manage, although some gains have been made through breeding for quantitative resistance. The objective of the present study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling partial resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot from the soybean plant introduction (PI) 194639. The resistance QTL were mapped in a population of 155 F(4:5) recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from the hybridization of the partially resistant parent, PI 194639, to the susceptible cultivar Merit. The population was evaluated for Sclerotinia stem rot resistance using a cut stem inoculation technique and was genotyped with 134 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Broad-sense heritability of lesion length (LL) after inoculation with the cut stem technique in the population was 0.57. Two putative QTL-controlling LL were identified by composite interval mapping (CIM) and mapped to linkage groups (LGs) A2 and B2, with likelihood of odds scores of 5.6 and 3.5, respectively. The LG A2 QTL was linked to the marker Sat_138 and explained 12.1% of the phenotypic variation for LL. The LG B2 QTL was proximal to the marker Satt'126 and explained 11.2% of the phenotypic variance. Two minor QTL also were mapped onto LGs K and L, explaining 5.5% of the total phenotypic variation. A multivariate model that included all significant QTL explained 27% of the observed phenotypic variation of LL. These results suggest that SSR markers associated with resistance QTL mapped in this study for Sclerotinia stem rot resistance may be useful for marker-assisted breeding programs in soybean. C1 [Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Vuong, T. D.; Diers, B. W.; Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, Dep Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghartman@uiuc.edu FU USDA-ARS FX We thank the Northe Central Soybean Researchh Program and the USDA-ARS Sclerotinia Initiative for support of this research. We would like to extend our gratitude to Ron Warsaw, Erin Kim, and David Stcutz for their technical assistance. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2209 EP 2214 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.01.0019 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 382IH UT WOS:000261599000017 ER PT J AU Monteros, MJ Burton, JW Boerma, HR AF Monteros, Maria J. Burton, Joseph W. Boerma, H. Roger TI Molecular Mapping and Confirmation of QTLs Associated with Oleic Acid Content in N00-3350 Soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; SEED PROTEIN; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; PALMITIC ACID; OIL CONTENT; RECURRENT SELECTION; SUNFLOWER OIL; FATTY-ACIDS; REGISTRATION AB The fatty acid composition of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed affects the flavor, nutritional value, and stability of the oil. Increasing oleic acid content in soybean oil would reduce the need for hydrogenation, a process that creates unhealthy trans fatty acids. The objective of this study was to map and confirm the areas of the soybean genome associated with oleic acid content from the soybean line N00-3350 (similar to 583 g kg(-1) oleic acid) using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. An F-2:3 population oF259 lines from the cross of G99-G725 x N00-3350 was used as a mapping population, and an F-2:3 population of 231 lines from the cross of G99-G3438 x N00-3350 was used for confirmation. Using single-factor analysis of variance, interval mapping, and composite interval mapping, six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for oleic acid content were found on linkage groups LG-A1 (Satt211, R-2 = 4%), LG-D2 (Satt389, R-2 = 6%), LG-G (Satt394, R-2 = 139/6), LG-G (Sattl9l, R-2 = 7%), LG-L (Satt418, R-2 = 9%), and LG-L (Satt561, R-2 = 25%) in the G99-G725 x N00-3350 population. All six QTLs for oleic acid were confirmed in the G99-3438 x N00-3350 population. The designations cqOle-001, cqOle-002, cqOle-003, cqOle-004, cqOle-005, and cqOle-006 have been assigned to these confirmed QTLs by the Soybean Genetics Committee. The identification of SSR markers linked to the oleic acid QTLs will facilitate the use of marker-assisted selection (MAS) in soybean breeding programs to increase the oleic acid content in soybean seed. C1 [Monteros, Maria J.; Boerma, H. Roger] Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Burton, Joseph W.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Monteros, MJ (reprint author), Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, 2510 Sam Noble Pkwy, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. EM mjmonteros@noble.org FU United Soybean Board; Georgia Agricultural Experiment Research Stations FX We would like to thank Donna Thomas, USDA-ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL, and Bill Novitsky, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC for the fatty acid determination of the lines evaluated. We appreciate the assistance Francisco Fernandez from Monsanto in growing the plants i Puerto Rico. Funding for this research was obtained from the United Soybean Board and the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Research Stations. NR 69 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2223 EP 2234 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.05.0287 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 382IH UT WOS:000261599000019 ER PT J AU Songsri, P Jogloy, S Kesmala, T Vorasoot, N Akkasaeng, C Patanothai, A Holbrook, CC AF Songsri, P. Jogloy, S. Kesmala, T. Vorasoot, N. Akkasaeng, C. Patanothai, A. Holbrook, C. C. TI Heritability of Drought Resistance Traits and Correlation of Drought Resistance and Agronomic Traits in Peanut SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; GROUNDNUT ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; LEAF-AREA; CHLOROPHYLL-METER; STABILITY; L.; TOLERANCE; CULTIVARS; STRESS AB Inheritance of traits is important for developing effective breeding schemes for improving desired traits. The aims of this study were to estimate the heritabilities (h(2)) of drought resistance traits and the genotypic (r(G)) and phenotypic (r(P)) correlations between drought resistance traits and agronomic traits, and to examine the relationships between drought resistance traits under stressed and nonstressed conditions. The 140 lines in the F 4:7 and F 4:8 generations from four peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) crosses were tested under field capacity (FC) and two-thirds available soil water (2/3 AW) in two field experiments. Data were recorded for specific leaf area (SLA), SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR), and biomass, pod yield, harvest index, number of mature pods per plant, seed per pod, and seed size. The h(2) for biomass, pod yield, DTI (drought tolerance index) (pod yield), DTI (biomass), HI, SLA, and SCMR were high for all tested crosses (0.54-0.98). The r(G) (-0.61 and -0.66) and r(P) (-0.61 and -0.66) between SLA and SCMR were strong and negative under 2/3 AW and FC. Under 2/3 AW conditions, SCMR was positively correlated with pod yield and seed size. Compared to SLA, SCMR had higher r(G) and r(P) with pod yield, biomass, and other agronomics traits. Significant correlations between FC and 2/3 AW conditions were found for pod yield, biomass, SCMR, and SLA, indicating that these traits could be selected under FC or 2/3 AW conditions. SPAD chlorophyll meter reading, which is easy to measure, is potentially useful as a selection trait for drought resistance because of high h(2) and positive correlation with pod yield and agronomic traits. C1 [Songsri, P.; Jogloy, S.; Kesmala, T.; Vorasoot, N.; Akkasaeng, C.; Patanothai, A.] Khon Kaen Univ, Fact Agr, Dep Plant Sci & Agr Resources, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. [Holbrook, C. C.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Jogloy, S (reprint author), Khon Kaen Univ, Fact Agr, Dep Plant Sci & Agr Resources, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. EM sanun@kku.ac.th FU Royal Golden Jubulee PhD Program [PHD/0190/2544]; Senior Research Scholor Project; Thailand Research Fund FX dThe authors are grateful for the financial support of the Royal Golden Jubulee PhD Program (Grant no. PHD/0190/2544) and the Senior Research Scholor Project of Professor Dr. Aran Patanothai, and also partial support by the Basic Research for Supporting Groundnut Varietal Improvement for Drought Tolerance Project under the Thailand Research Fund. We thank the many people who work in field collecting data and processing samples. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 13 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2245 EP 2253 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.04.0228 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 382IH UT WOS:000261599000021 ER PT J AU Smith, JR Mengistu, A Nelson, RL Paris, RL AF Smith, James R. Mengistu, Alemu Nelson, Randall L. Paris, Robert L. TI Identification of Soybean Accessions with High Germinability in High-Temperature Environments SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHOMOPSIS SEED DECAY; IMPERMEABLE SEED; GERMINATION; QUALITY; INHERITANCE; IRRIGATION; MATURITY; VIGOR AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed produced in high-temperature, high-humidity production environments is prone to have substandard germination. Hardseededness, wrinkled seed coats, and infection by Phomopsis longicolla Hobbs are all known to affect soybean seed germinability. Ancestors of modern U.S. soybean cultivars may lack the necessary variability to impart high germinability to new cultivars without the introgression of new genetic diversity. The purpose of this research was to identify soybean germplasm possessing positive traits affecting high seed germinability for seed produced under high-temperature environments, such as in the early soybean production system (ESPS) of the midsouthern United States. Seed was produced in the ESPS for 486 U.S. plant introductions (PI), 25 ancestral lines of U.S. cultivars, and four U.S. cultivars at Stoneville, MS, in 2002 and 2003. Standard and accelerated-aging germination percentages, hardseededness, seed coat wrinkling, and incidence of P. longicolla were estimated for each line. Based on the 2002 and 2003 field data, 42 Pis were selected for further testing, along with three cultivars, in two greenhouse temperature regimes (36 degrees and 42 degrees C) at Stoneville, MS, in 2005. Standard field germinations for the 25 ancestral lines ranged from 26 to 82%. Sixty-three accessions were identified as having a mean standard field germination of >= 90%, <10% hard seed and P. longicolla infection, and <= 10% wrinkled seed coat. Genotypes with excellent seed traits have now been identified for soybean breeders to use in developing improved cultivars with high seed germinability for use in high-temperature production environments. C1 [Smith, James R.] USDA ARS, CG&PR, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Mengistu, Alemu] USDA ARS, CG&PR, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. [Nelson, Randall L.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Nelson, Randall L.] Univ Illinois, Dep Crop Sci, Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Paris, Robert L.] Amer Chestnut Fdn, Meadowview, VA 24361 USA. RP Smith, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, CG&PR, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rusty.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2279 EP 2288 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.01.0026 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 382IH UT WOS:000261599000025 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Burton, JW Upchurch, RG Whittle, E Shanklin, J Dewey, RE AF Zhang, Ping Burton, Joseph W. Upchurch, Robert G. Whittle, Edward Shanklin, John Dewey, Ralph E. TI Mutations in a Delta(9)-Stearoyl-ACP-Desaturase Gene Are Associated with Enhanced Stearic Acid Levels in Soybean Seeds SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ACYL-CARRIER-PROTEIN; DESATURASE GENE; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; OIL; EXPRESSION; ACP; TEMPERATURE; FERREDOXIN; ISOFORMS; TENDENCY AB Stearic acid (18:0) is typically a minor component of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] oil, accounting for only 2 to 4% of the total fatty acid content. Increasing stearic acid levels of soybean oil would lead to enhanced oxidative stability, potentially reducing the need for hydrogenation, a process leading to the formation of undesirable trans fatty acids. Although mutagenesis strategies have been successful in developing soybean germplasm with elevated 18:0 levels in the seed oil, the specific gene mutations responsible for this phenotype were not known. We report a newly identified soybean gene, designated SACPD-C, that encodes a unique isoform of Delta(9)-stearoyl-ACP-desaturase, the enzyme responsible for converting stearic acid to oleic acid (18:1). High levels of SACPD-C transcript were only detected in developing seed tissue, suggesting that the encoded desaturase functions to enhance oleic acid biosynthetic capacity as the immature seed is actively engaged in triacylglycerol production and storage. The participation of SACPD-C in storage triacylglycerol synthesis is further supported by the observation of mutations in this gene in two independent sources of elevated 18:0 soybean germplasm, A6 (30% 18:0) and FAM94-41 (9% 18:0). A molecular marker diagnostic for the FAM94-41 SACPD-C gene mutation strictly associates with the elevated 18:0 phenotype in a segregating population, and could thus serve as a useful tool in the development of cultivars with oils possessing enhanced oxidative stability. C1 [Zhang, Ping; Dewey, Ralph E.] N Carolina State Univ, Crop Sci Dep, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burton, Joseph W.; Upchurch, Robert G.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Whittle, Edward; Shanklin, John] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dep Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dewey, RE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Crop Sci Dep, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ralph_dewey@ncsu.edu NR 37 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 16 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2305 EP 2313 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.02.0084 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 382IH UT WOS:000261599000028 ER PT J AU Prasad, PVV Pisipati, SR Ristic, Z Bukovnik, U Fritz, AK AF Prasad, P. V. V. Pisipati, S. R. Ristic, Z. Bukovnik, U. Fritz, A. K. TI Impact of Nighttime Temperature on Physiology and Growth of Spring Wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SYNTHESIS ELONGATION-FACTOR; FACTOR EF-TU; ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA L.; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM-L; HARVEST INDEX; REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH; GRAIN DEVELOPMENT; STRESS AB Climate models predict greater increases in nighttime temperature in the future. The impacts of high nighttime temperature on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are not well understood. Objectives of this research were to quantify the impact of high nighttime temperatures during reproductive development on phenology, physiological, vegetative, and yield traits of wheat. Two spring wheat cultivars (Pavon-76 and Seri-82) were grown at optimum temperatures (day/night, 24/14 degrees C; 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod) from sowing to booting. Thereafter, plants were exposed to four different nighttime temperatures (14, 17, 20, 23 degrees C) until maturity. The daytime temperature was 24 degrees C across all treatments. There were significant influences of high nighttime temperatures on physiological, growth, and yield traits, but no cultivar or cultivar by temperature interactions were observed. High nighttime temperatures (>14 degrees C) decreased photosynthesis after 14 d of stress. Grain yields linearly decreased with increasing nighttime temperatures, leading to lower harvest indices at 20 and 23 degrees C. High nighttime temperature (>= 20 degrees C) decreased spikelet fertility, grains per spike, and grain size. Compared to the control (14 degrees C), grain filling duration was decreased by 3 and 7 d at night temperatures of 20 and 23 degrees C, respectively. High nighttime temperature increased the expression of chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor in both cultivars suggesting possible involvement of this protein in plant response to stress. C1 [Prasad, P. V. V.; Pisipati, S. R.; Bukovnik, U.; Fritz, A. K.] Kansas State Univ, Dep Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Ristic, Z.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Prasad, PVV (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dep Agron, 2004 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM vara@ksu.edu RI Prasad, P.V. Vara/B-3835-2012 OI Prasad, P.V. Vara/0000-0001-6632-3361 NR 49 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 19 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2372 EP 2380 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.12.0717 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 382IH UT WOS:000261599000035 ER PT J AU MacKown, CT Carver, BF Edwards, JT AF MacKown, Charles T. Carver, Brett F. Edwards, Jeffrey T. TI Occurrence of Condensed Tannins in Wheat and Feasibility for Reducing Pasture Bloat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; LOTUS-CORNICULATUS; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; ANTHOCYANIDIN-REDUCTASE; BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; ALLELOCHEMICALS; PEDUNCULATUS; EXPRESSION AB Bloat can be a serious problem for ruminant livestock grazing pastures of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the southern Great Plains. Tannins in forage can reduce the incidence and severity of bloat. We measured the content and variability of total phenolics and condensed tannins (CT) in forage extracts from wheat varieties and experimental lines (ExpLines) to assess the feasibility of developing improved varieties using conventional breeding methods to give producers a choice to reduce the incidence of bloat. Forage of 16 winter wheat varieties were collected in late fall at the start of grazing. Also, late fall forage samples and regrowth from late fall clipped forage and unclipped growth before jointing were collected for 221 diverse ExpLines and four Check varieties. Among the 16 adapted winter wheat varieties significant differences for the acid-butanol but not the vanillin CT assay were observed. Among the ExpLines, significant differences in extractable total phenolics were detected (range for all samples collected, 8.9-31.5 mg tannic acid g(-1) dry wt.) and for one of the three forage collections using each CT assay. While we observed differences in CT reactive substances among the ExpLines, even the greatest equivalent amounts detected (12 mg quebracho g(-1) dry wt. and 0.67 mg epicatechin g(-1) dry wt.) are unlikely sufficient to render the forage bloat-safe. Perhaps those experimental lines with the most abundant CT levels could be used in a selection program to increase the level of CT in wheat forage. C1 [MacKown, Charles T.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Carver, Brett F.; Edwards, Jeffrey T.] Oklahoma State Univ, Plant & Soil Sci Dep, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP MacKown, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM Charles.MacKown@ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2470 EP 2480 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.01.0020 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 382IH UT WOS:000261599000048 ER PT J AU Coblentz, WK Jokela, WE AF Coblentz, W. K. Jokela, W. E. TI Estimating Losses of Dry Matter from Wetted Alfalfa-Orchardgrass Mixtures Using Cell Wall Components as Internal Markers SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED RAINFALL; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; RED-CLOVER; HAY; QUALITY; FORAGE; YIELD; DISAPPEARANCE; BERMUDAGRASS; NITROGEN AB Methods previously used to measure recoveries of dry matter (DM) from forages following natural or simulated rainfall often have relied on simple gravimetric techniques, which yielded inconclusive estimates of DM recovery. Our objective was to evaluate insoluble cell-wall constituents as internal markers for estimating recoveries of DM from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) or alfalfa-orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) mixtures subjected to simulated rainfall. Forage mixtures consisted of 1000, 750, or 500 g kg(-1) alfalfa, with the balance comprised of orchardgrass. Regardless of the forage mixture, concentrations of all cell-wall constituents increased (P <= 0.053) in response to wetting (0, 70, 140, 280, 420, 560, or 840 mm at 70 mm h(-1)) under a rainfall simulator. Following treatment, recovery of all cell-wall constituents was high (>= 901 g kg(-1)). Generally, losses were smallest for neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) markers regardless of analysis method (with alpha-amylase, sodium sulfite, neither, or both), acid-detergent fiber (ADF), and cellulose and largest for hemicellulose and lignin. Linear regressions of recoveries of DM by internal markers on values determined gravimetrically were good (r(2) >= 0.775) when NDF was used to estimate recovery. In all these cases, neither slopes (P >= 0.103) nor intercepts (P >= 0.083) differed from one and zero, respectively. Fiber components appear to be suitable internal markers for measuring recoveries of DM following wetting, but this approach depends on complete recovery of shattered leaf particles before conducting laboratory analyses. C1 [Coblentz, W. K.; Jokela, W. E.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Coblentz, WK (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 8396 Yellowstone Dr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM wayne.coblentz@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 48 IS 6 BP 2481 EP 2489 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.01.0006 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 382IH UT WOS:000261599000049 ER PT J AU Bajsa, J Duke, SO Tekwani, BL AF Bajsa, Joanna Duke, Stephen O. Tekwani, Babu L. TI Plasmodium falciparum Serine/Threonine Phoshoprotein Phosphatases (PPP): From Housekeeper to the 'Holy Grail' SO CURRENT DRUG TARGETS LA English DT Review DE Plasmodium falciparum; protozoa; serine/threonine protein phosphatase; protein dephosphorylation ID HUMAN MALARIA PARASITE; PROTEIN SER/THR PHOSPHATASES; CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; CANTHARIDIN ANALOGS; INHIBITORY-ACTIVITY; ANTICANCER ACTIVITY; OKADAIC-ACID; G-SUBSTRATE; PHOSPHOHISTIDINE PHOSPHATASE; MOLECULAR-CLONING AB Availability of complete genome sequence for Plasmodium falciparum has been useful in drawing a comprehensive metabolic map of the parasite. Distinct and unique metabolic characteristics of the parasite may be exploited as potential targets for new antimalarial drug discovery research. Reversible phosphorylation of proteins is a ubiquitous process and an indispensable part of cell signaling cascades, which regulate different cellular functions. Not so long ago the role of protein phosphatases in the cell life was underestimated but now these enzymes strongly focus attention of many researches. Based on primary structure and functional characteristics protein phosphatases have been divided into number of families and subfamilies. The amino acid sequences of catalytic subunits of protein phosphatases of particular families stay highly conserved in eukaryotic organisms during evolutionary changes. Serine/threonine protein phosphatases (PPPs) constitute an important family, which are involved in mitotic and meiotic cell divisions, cell development, apoptosis and many other crucial cellular processes. Complex life cycle of the malaria parasite, which encompasses through distinct developmental stages, offers highly sophistical roles for the protein phosphatases. We have researched and analyzed characteristics of 17 putative or/and confirmed catalytic subunits of PPPs on P. falciparum genome. Evidences have been gathered that indicate functional expression of some PPP isoforms in P. falciparum. A few of them have been found to be essential or play important cellular functions in the parasite. Identification of distinct molecular and functional characteristics of these enzymes shall be useful in designing selective inhibitors of plasmodial PPPs as potential new antimalarials. C1 [Bajsa, Joanna; Duke, Stephen O.] USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Tekwani, Babu L.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Tekwani, Babu L.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacol, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Bajsa, J (reprint author), USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. EM jbajsa@olemiss.edu FU USDA-ARS FX The authors acknowledge the support of USDA-ARS. The NCNPR is partly supported by USDA-ARS under a scientific cooperative agreement. NR 110 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y-2, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1389-4501 EI 1873-5592 J9 CURR DRUG TARGETS JI Curr. Drug Targets PD NOV PY 2008 VL 9 IS 11 BP 997 EP 1012 DI 10.2174/138945008786786055 PG 16 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 380WD UT WOS:000261495900009 PM 18991611 ER PT J AU Kuo, TM Huang, JK Labeda, D Wen, L Knothe, G AF Kuo, Tsung Min Huang, Jenq-Kuen Labeda, David Wen, Lisa Knothe, Gerhard TI Production of 10-Hydroxy-8(E)-Octadecenoic Acid from Oleic Acid Conversion by Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; RICINOLEIC ACID; FATTY-ACIDS; BIOTRANSFORMATION; COMPOUND; 42A2; PR3; INTERMEDIATE AB Eighteen Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were examined for their ability to convert oleic acid to produce 10-hydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (HOD), which was structurally confirmed by GC-MS, NMR, and FTIR. There were no substantial amounts of other new compounds found in the fermentation broths in addition to HOD and 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD). The results demonstrated that P. aeruginosa strains possessed varying levels of activity for producing HOD. Under the experimental conditions, strain NRRL B-14938 isolated from sheep manure was the best HOD producer exhibiting the highest HOD to DOD product ratio in the medium most suitable for purifying HOD. Using strain B-14938 as a model system for further characterization, optimum conditions for producing HOD were found to be at 26 degrees C and pH 7.0 after 60 h of reaction time using a medium containing EDTA as a chelating agent. This study has identified a high-yielding P. aeruginosa strain and provided the reaction characteristics needed to develop a scale-up production process of HOD for testing its properties and potential new uses. C1 [Kuo, Tsung Min; Labeda, David] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Huang, Jenq-Kuen; Wen, Lisa] Western Illinois Univ, Dept Chem, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. [Knothe, Gerhard] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Labeda, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM David.Labeda@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 57 IS 5 BP 437 EP 441 DI 10.1007/s00284-008-9226-5 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 359RD UT WOS:000260004900008 PM 18704576 ER PT J AU Scrimgeour, AG Lukaski, HC AF Scrimgeour, Angus G. Lukaski, Henry C. TI Zinc and diarrheal disease: current status and future perspectives SO CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE LA English DT Article DE cholera; diarrhea; enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; HIV; shigellosis; zinc ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HIV-1 INFECTION; PERSISTENT DIARRHEA; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; ORAL ZINC; SUPPLEMENTATION; CHILDREN; CHOLERA; BANGLADESH; DEFICIENCY AB Purpose of review To evaluate clinical data indicating the benefits of oral zinc supplementation to prevent and/or treat diarrhea in children and extend these findings to adults. Recent findings Zinc plays an important role in modulating host resistance to infectious agents and reducing the risk, severity, and duration of diarrheal diseases. Zinc is important in the developing world and in low-income and middle-income countries where mild-to-moderate zinc deficiency is highly prevalent. The WHO/UNICEF recommendations for zinc supplementation are based on meta-analyses of randomized, controlled intervention trials on children: 20 mg zinc/day for 10-14 days for children with acute diarrhea and 10 mg/day for infants under 6 months of age. Effective forms include sulfate, gluconate, or acetate. No similar studies have been conducted on adults. Thus, carefully conducted clinical trials are necessary to ascertain the efficacy of zinc in prevention of acute and persistent diarrhea in adults. Summary Faced with rising antibiotic resistance and the lack of effective antidiarrheal vaccines, oral zinc provides substantial benefit in the reduction of stool output and disease duration combined with safety, selectivity of action, and low cost. Thus, oral zinc supplementation is a practical therapeutic intervention for the treatment of diarrhea in children, and by extension, should be provided to adults. C1 [Scrimgeour, Angus G.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Lukaski, Henry C.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Scrimgeour, AG (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM angus.scrimgeour@us.army.mi NR 47 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1363-1950 J9 CURR OPIN CLIN NUTR JI Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care PD NOV PY 2008 VL 11 IS 6 BP 711 EP 717 DI 10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283109092 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 368KI UT WOS:000260619600006 PM 18827574 ER PT J AU Jackson, MI Combs, GF AF Jackson, Matthew I. Combs, Gerald F., Jr. TI Selenium and anticarcinogenesis: underlying mechanisms SO CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE LA English DT Article DE anticarcinogenesis; cancer prevention; carcinogenesis; protein-thiol; redox cycling; selenium ID HUMAN PROSTATE-CANCER; METHIONINE-RICH PROTEINS; INDUCED DNA-DAMAGE; METHYLSELENINIC ACID; SODIUM SELENITE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MELANOMA-CELLS; IN-VITRO AB Purpose of review To discuss recent research related to anticarcinogenic mechanisms of selenium action in light of the underlying chemical/biochemical functions of the selenium species, likely to be executors of those effects. Recent findings Recent studies in a variety of model systems have increased the understanding of the anticarcinogenic mechanisms of selenium compounds. These include effects on gene expression, DNA damage and repair, signaling pathways, regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis, metastasis and angiogenesis. These effects would appear to be related to the production of reactive oxygen species produced by the redox cycling, modification of protein-thiols and methionine mimicry. Three principle selenium metabolites appear to execute these effects: hydrogen selenide, methylselenol and selenomethionine. The fact that various selenium compounds can be metabolized to one or more of these species but differ in anticarcinogenic activity indicates competing pathways of their metabolic and chemical/biochemical disposition. Increasing knowledge of selenoprotein polymorphisms has shown that at least some are related to cancer risk and may affect carcinogenesis indirectly by influencing selenium metabolism. Summary The anticarcinogenic effects of selenium compounds constitute intermediate mechanisms with several underlying chemical/biochemical mechanisms such as redox cycling, alteration of protein-thiol redox status and methionine mimicry. C1 [Jackson, Matthew I.; Combs, Gerald F., Jr.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Combs, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N,STOP 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM gerald.combs@ars.usda.gov NR 67 TC 114 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 13 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1363-1950 EI 1473-6519 J9 CURR OPIN CLIN NUTR JI Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care PD NOV PY 2008 VL 11 IS 6 BP 718 EP 726 DI 10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283139674 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 368KI UT WOS:000260619600007 PM 18827575 ER PT J AU Cai, GW Cole, SA Butte, NF Smith, CW Mehta, NR Voruganti, VS Proffitt, JM Comuzzie, AG AF Cai, Guowen Cole, Shelley A. Butte, Nancy F. Smith, C. Wayne Mehta, Nitesh R. Voruganti, V. Saroja Proffitt, J. Michael Comuzzie, Anthony G. TI A genetic contribution to circulating cytokines and obesity in children SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Article DE Cytokines; Childhood obesity; Genome-wide scan; Inflammation ID GRADE SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; BODY-COMPOSITION; APM1 GENE; OVERWEIGHT CHILDREN; PROXIMAL PROMOTER; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PLASMA-LEVELS; ADIPONECTIN; LINKAGE AB Cytokines are considered to be involved in obesity-related metabolic diseases. Study objectives are to determine the heritability of circulating cytokine levels, to investigate pleiotropy between cytokines and obesity traits, and to present genome scan results for cytokines in 1030 Hispanic children enrolled in VIVA LA FAMILIA Study. Cytokine phenotypes included monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), leptin, adiponectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), C-reactive protein (CRP), regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and eotaxin. Obesity-related phenotypes included body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), truncal FM and fasting serum insulin. Heritabilities ranged from 0.33 to 0.97. Pleiotropy was observed between cytokines and obesity traits. Positive genetic correlations were seen between CRP, leptin, MCP-1 and obesity traits, and negative genetic correlations with adiponectin, ICAM-1 and TGF-beta 1. Genome-wide scan of sICAM-1 mapped to chromosome 3 (LOD = 3.74) between markers D3S1580 and D3S1601, which flanks the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ). Suggestive linkage signals were found in other chromosomal regions for other cytokines. In summary, significant heritabilities for circulating cytokines, pleiotropy between cytokines and obesity traits, and linkage for sICAM-1 on chromosome 3q substantiate a genetic contribution to circulating cytokine levels in Hispanic children. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cai, Guowen; Butte, Nancy F.; Smith, C. Wayne; Mehta, Nitesh R.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Cole, Shelley A.; Voruganti, V. Saroja; Proffitt, J. Michael; Comuzzie, Anthony G.] SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Genet, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM nbutte@bcm.edu FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center; Department of Pediatrics; Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas; NIH [R01 DK59264]; USDA/ARS [58-6250-51000-037]; National Center for Research Resources, NIH [C06 RR13556, C06 RR017515] FX We thank the families who participated in this study, and acknowledge the contributions of Mercedes Alejandro and Marilyn Navarrete for study coordination, and Sopar Seributra for nursing and Theresa Wilson, Tina Ziba, Maurice Puyau, Firoz Vohra, Anne Adolph, Roman Shypailo, JoAnn Pratt, and Maryse Laurent for technical assistance. This work is a publication of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas. This project was funded with federal funds from the NIH R01 DK59264 and from USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement 58-6250-51000-037. This investigation was conducted in facilities constructed with support from Research Facilities Improvement Program Grants numbered C06 RR13556 and C06 RR017515 from the National Center for Research Resources, NIH. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD NOV PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 242 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.08.006 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 398ZX UT WOS:000262771300005 PM 18848781 ER PT J AU Dasu, MR Devaraj, S Zhao, L Hwang, DH Jialal, I AF Dasu, Mohan R. Devaraj, Sridevi Zhao, Ling Hwang, Daniel H. Jialal, Ishwarlal TI High Glucose Induces Toll-Like Receptor Expression in Human Monocytes Mechanism of Activation SO DIABETES LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; KINASE-C-ALPHA; PROTEIN-KINASE; INNATE IMMUNITY; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; DIABETIC-PATIENTS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; NADPH OXIDASE; CELL-FUNCTION AB OBJECTIVE-Hyperglycemia-induced inflammation is central in diabetes complications, and monocytes are important in orchestrating these effects. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in innate immune responses and inflammation. However, there is a paucity of data examining the expression and activity of TLRs in hyperglycemic conditions. Thus, in the present study, we examined TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA and protein expression and mechanism of their induction in monocytic cells tinder high-glucose conditions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-High glucose (15 mmol/l) significantly induced TLR2 and TLR4 expression in THP-1 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). High glucose increased TLR expression, myeloid differentiation factor 88, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) p65-dependent activation in THP-1 cells. THP-1 cell data were further continued using freshly isolated monocytes from healthy human volunteers (n = 10). RESULTS-Pharmacological inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) activity and NADPH oxidase significantly decreased TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA and protein (P < 0.05). Knocking down both TLR2 and TLR4 in the cells resulted in a 76% (P < 0.05) decrease in high-glucose-induced NF-kappa B activity, suggesting an additive effect. Furthermore, PKC-alpha knockdown decreased TLR2 by 61% (P < 0.05), whereas inhibition of PKC-delta decreased TLR4 under high glucose by 63% (P < 0.05). Small inhibitory RNA to p47Phox in THP-1 cells abrogated high-glucose-induced TLR2 and TLR4 expression. Additional studies revealed that PKC-alpha, PKC-delta, and p47Phox knockdown significantly abrogated high-glucose-induced NF-kappa B activation and inflammatory cytokine secretion. CONCLUSIONS-Collectively, these data suggest that high glucose induces TLR2 and 4 expression via PKG-alpha and PKC-delta, respectively, by stimulating NADPH oxidase in human monocytes. Diabetes 57:3090-3098, 2008 C1 [Dasu, Mohan R.; Devaraj, Sridevi; Jialal, Ishwarlal] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Lab Atherosclerosis & Metab Res, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Zhao, Ling; Hwang, Daniel H.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Zhao, Ling; Hwang, Daniel H.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP Jialal, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Lab Atherosclerosis & Metab Res, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM ishwarlal.jialal@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu FU American Diabetes Association [7-07-JF-16]; National Institutes of Health [K24-AT-00596]; [NIHIK59801] FX M.R.D. has received American Diabetes Association Grant 7-07-JF-16. I.J. has received National Institutes of Health Grant K24-AT-00596. S.D. has received NIHIK59801. NR 51 TC 192 Z9 209 U1 6 U2 24 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0012-1797 J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD NOV PY 2008 VL 57 IS 11 BP 3090 EP 3098 DI 10.2337/db08-0564 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 367PR UT WOS:000260564800029 PM 18650365 ER PT J AU Orho-Melander, M Melander, O Guiducci, C Perez-Martinez, P Corella, D Roos, C Tewhey, R Rieder, MJ Hall, J Abecasis, G Tai, ES Welch, C Arnett, DK Lyssenko, V Lindholm, E Saxena, R de Bakker, PIW Burtt, N Voight, BF Hirschhorn, JN Tucker, KL Hedner, T Tuomi, T Isomaa, B Eriksson, KF Taskinen, MR Wahlstrand, B Hughes, TE Parnell, LD Lai, CQ Berglund, G Peltonen, L Vartiainen, E Jousilahti, P Havulinna, AS Salomaa, V Nilsson, P Groop, L Altshuler, D Ordovas, JM Kathiresan, S AF Orho-Melander, Marju Melander, Olle Guiducci, Candace Perez-Martinez, Pablo Corella, Dolores Roos, Charlotta Tewhey, Ryan Rieder, Mark J. Hall, Jennifer Abecasis, Goncalo Tai, E. Shyong Welch, Cullan Arnett, Donna K. Lyssenko, Valeriya Lindholm, Eero Saxena, Richa de Bakker, Paul I. W. Burtt, Noel Voight, Benjamin F. Hirschhorn, Joel N. Tucker, Katherine L. Hedner, Thomas Tuomi, Tiinaimaija Isomaa, Bo Eriksson, Karl-Fredrik Taskinen, Marja-Riitta Wahlstrand, Bjoern Hughes, Thomas E. Parnell, Laurence D. Lai, Chao-Qiang Berglund, Goran Peltonen, Leena Vartiainen, Erkki Jousilahti, Pekka Havulinna, Aki S. Salomaa, Veikko Nilsson, Peter Groop, Leif Altshuler, David Ordovas, Jose M. Kathiresan, Sekar TI Common Missense Variant in the Glucokinase Regulatory Protein Gene Is Associated With Increased Plasma Triglyceride and C-Reactive Protein but Lower Fasting Glucose Concentrations SO DIABETES LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR MORBIDITY; RISK; POLYMORPHISM; POPULATION; OVEREXPRESSION; HYPERTENSION; SINGAPORE AB OBJECTIVE-Using the genome-wide association approach, we recently identified the glucokinase regulatory protein gene (GCKR, rs780094) region as a novel quantitative trait locus for plasma triglyceride concentration in Europeans. Here, we sought to study the association of GCKR variants with metabolic phenotypes, including measures of glucose homeostasis, to evaluate the GCYR locus in samples of non-European ancestry and to fine-map across the associated genomic interval. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-We performed association studies in 12 independent cohorts comprising >45,000 individuals representing several ancestral groups (whites from Northern and Southern Europe, whites from the U.S., African Americans from the U.S., Hispanics of Caribbean origin, and Chinese, Malays, and Asian Indians from Singapore). We conducted genetic fine-mapping across the similar to 417-kb region of linkage disequilibrium. spanning GCKR and 16 other genes on chromosome 2p23 by imputing untyped HapMap single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genotyping 104 SNPs across the associated genomic interval. RESULTS-We provide comprehensive evidence that GCYR rs780094 is associated with opposite effects on fasting plasma triglyceride (P-meta = 3 x 10(-56)) and glucose (P-meta = 1 x 10(-13)) concentrations. In addition, we confirmed recent reports that the same SNP is associated with C-reactive protein (CRP) level (P = 5 x 10(-5)). Both fine-mapping approaches revealed a common missense GCKR variant (rs1260326, Pro446Leu, 34% frequency, r(2) = 0.93 with rs780094) as the strongest association signal in the region. CONCLUSIONS-These findings point to a molecular mechanism in humans by which higher triglycerides and CRP can be coupled with lower plasma glucose concentrations and position GCKR in central pathways regulating both hepatic triglyceride and glucose metabolism. Diabetes 57:3112-3121, 2008 C1 [Orho-Melander, Marju; Melander, Olle; Roos, Charlotta; Lyssenko, Valeriya; Lindholm, Eero; Eriksson, Karl-Fredrik; Nilsson, Peter; Groop, Leif] Lund Univ, Malmo Gen Hosp, Clin Res Ctr, Dept Clin Sci, S-21401 Malmo, Sweden. [Guiducci, Candace; Tewhey, Ryan; Saxena, Richa; de Bakker, Paul I. W.; Burtt, Noel; Voight, Benjamin F.; Hirschhorn, Joel N.; Altshuler, David; Kathiresan, Sekar] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Guiducci, Candace; Tewhey, Ryan; Saxena, Richa; de Bakker, Paul I. W.; Burtt, Noel; Voight, Benjamin F.; Hirschhorn, Joel N.; Altshuler, David; Kathiresan, Sekar] MIT, Broad Inst, Program Med & Populat Genet, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Perez-Martinez, Pablo] Univ Cordoba, Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Res Unit, Cordoba, Spain. [Perez-Martinez, Pablo; Parnell, Laurence D.; Lai, Chao-Qiang; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA USA. [Corella, Dolores] Univ Valencia, Sch Med, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Valencia, Spain. [Corella, Dolores] Univ Valencia, Sch Med, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr, Valencia, Spain. [Rieder, Mark J.] Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hall, Jennifer; Welch, Cullan] Univ Minnesota, Dept Med, Lillehei Heart Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Abecasis, Goncalo] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Ctr Stat Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Tai, E. Shyong] Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Singapore 0316, Singapore. [Arnett, Donna K.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tucker, Katherine L.] Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA. [Hedner, Thomas; Wahlstrand, Bjoern] Sahlgrens Acad, Dept Clin Pharmacol, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Tuomi, Tiinaimaija; Taskinen, Marja-Riitta; Groop, Leif] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Univ Hosp, Dept Med, Helsinki, Finland. [Tuomi, Tiinaimaija; Isomaa, Bo] Folkhalsan Res Ctr, Helsinki, Finland. [Hughes, Thomas E.] Novartis Inst BioMed Res, Cambridge, MA USA. [Berglund, Goran] Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Malmo, Sweden. [Peltonen, Leena] Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Biomedicum, Dept Mol Med, Helsinki, Finland. [Vartiainen, Erkki; Jousilahti, Pekka; Havulinna, Aki S.; Salomaa, Veikko] Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Helsinki, Finland. [Altshuler, David] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Mol Biol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Altshuler, David] Ctr Human Genet Res, Boston, MA USA. [Altshuler, David] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Boston, MA USA. [Kathiresan, Sekar] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cardiovasc Dis Prevent Ctr,Cardiol Div, Dept Med,Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA USA. RP Orho-Melander, M (reprint author), Lund Univ, Malmo Gen Hosp, Clin Res Ctr, Dept Clin Sci, S-21401 Malmo, Sweden. EM marju.orho-melander@med.lu.se RI Abecasis, Goncalo/B-7840-2010; Altshuler, David/A-4476-2009; Voight, Benjamin/F-1775-2011; Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; de Bakker, Paul/B-8730-2009; OI Tai, E Shyong/0000-0003-2929-8966; Altshuler, David/0000-0002-7250-4107; de Bakker, Paul/0000-0001-7735-7858; Perez Martinez, Pablo/0000-0001-7716-8117; Abecasis, Goncalo/0000-0003-1509-1825; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Tuomi, Tiinamaija/0000-0002-8306-6202; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU Lund University; Novo Nordic Foundations; Swedish Medical Research Council; Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation; Region Skane; Medical Faculty of Lund University; Malmo University Hospital; Albert Pahlsson Research Foundation; Crafoord Foundation; Swedish Medical Society; Ernhold Lundstroms Research Foundation; Mossfelt Foundation; King Gustav V and Queen Victoria Foundation; NIH [R01-NS-053646, P01-AG-023394-03, 53-K06-5-10, K23-HL-083102, PO1-GM-32165]; Sigrid Juselius Foundation; U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-9-001]; NIH-NHLBI [U01-HL-72524, HL-54776]; Finnish Heart Foundation; Clinical Research Institute, Helsinki University Central Hospital; Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation; Folkhalsan Research Foundation; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Stiftelse; Clinical Research Institute HUCH; Swedish Research Council; Doris Duke Charitable Foundation; University of Washington School of Pharmacy; Abbott; Allergan; Amgen; Bend Research; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Eli Lilly; Johnson Johnson; Merck; Roche; Pfizer FX M.O.-M. is supported by the Diabetes program at the Lund University and Novo Nordic Foundations, the Swedish Medical Research Council, the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation, the Region Skane, the Medical Faculty of Lund University, the Malmo University Hospital, the Albert Pahlsson Research Foundation, and the Crafoord Foundation. O.M. is supported by the Swedish Medical Research Council, the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation, the Region Skane, the Medical Faculty of Lund University, the Malmo University Hospital, the Albert Pahlsson Research Foundation, the Crafoord Foundation, the Swedish Medical Society, the Ernhold Lundstroms Research Foundation, the Mossfelt Foundation, and the King Gustav V and Queen Victoria Foundation. M.J.R. is supported by NIH Grant R01-NS-053646. V.L. is supported by the Sigrid Juselius Foundation. K.L.T. is supported by U.S. Department of Agriculture Contract 58-1950-9-001, NIH Grant P01-AG-023394-03, NIH Contract 53-K06-5-10, and NIH-NHLBI Grants U01-HL-72524 and HL-54776. M.-R.T. is supported by the Sigrid Juselius Foundation, the Finnish Heart Foundation, and the Clinical Research Institute, Helsinki University Central Hospital. L.G. is supported by the Sigrid Juselius Foundation, the Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation, The Folkhalsan Research Foundation, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Stiftelse, the Clinical Research Institute HUCH, and a Linne grant from the Swedish Research Council. J.M.O. is supported by U.S. Department of Agriculture Contract 58-1950-9-001, NIH Grant P01-AG-023394-03, NIH Contract 53-K06-5-10, and NIH-NHLBI grants U01-HL-72524 and HL-54776. S.K. is supported by a Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Clinical Scientist Development Award, a charitable gift from the Fannie E. Rippel Foundation, and NIH Grant K23-HL-083102. The University of Washington School of Pharmacy Human Liver Bank is supported in part by NIH Grant PO1-GM-32165. Liver expression studies are supported in part by the University of Washington School of Pharmacy Drug Metabolism, Transport and Pharmacogenomics Research program (funded by unrestricted gifts from Abbott, Allergan, Amgen, Bend Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Roche, and Pfizer). We thank Dr. Helen Hobbs and Dr. Jonathan Cohen for their contribution of the Dallas Heart Study data and the Donald W. Reynolds Foundation for its support of the Dallas Heart Study. We are indebted to the staff and participants of all of the study populations for their important contributions. We thank Malin Svensson for technical assistance in Malmo and the RSKC2 (Region Skania) genotyping facility for help with genotyping of the NORDIL sample. NR 40 TC 163 Z9 167 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0012-1797 J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD NOV PY 2008 VL 57 IS 11 BP 3112 EP 3121 DI 10.2337/db08-0516 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 367PR UT WOS:000260564800032 PM 18678614 ER PT J AU Rankin, JW Andreae, MC Chen, CYO O'Keefe, SF AF Rankin, J. W. Andreae, M. C. Chen, C. -Y. Oliver O'Keefe, S. F. TI Effect of raisin consumption on oxidative stress and inflammation in obesity SO DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; cytokines; endothelial activation; ORAC; postprandial response ID PLASMA ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; HIGH-FAT MEAL; HEALTHY-SUBJECTS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; GRAPE JUICE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; VITAMIN-C AB Aim: Oxidative stress can initiate increased inflammation that elevates risk for cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of daily consumption of raisins on markers of oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial activation in response to an acute high-fat meal in overweight individuals. Methods: Seventeen overweight men and women consumed 90 g raisins or isocaloric placebo ( 264 kcal/day) for 14 days in a randomized, crossover design while following a low-flavonoid diet. The oxidative [urinary 8-isoprostaglandin-F-2 alpha (8-epi PGF(2 alpha)) and serum oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)], inflammatory (serum C-reactive protein and interleukin-6), endothelial ( serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, sVCAM-1) and metabolic [ free fatty acids (FFAs), triacylglycerol, glucose and insulin] response to four high-fat (53%) meals was tested pre- and postintervention. Results: Urinary 8-epi PGF(2 alpha) decreased (-22%) and fasting ORAC increased (+3%) after both interventions combined. Fasting protein-free ORAC was modestly (+3.5%) higher during the raisin than the placebo intervention. Neither the meals nor the raisins consistently induced fasted markers of inflammation or endothelial dysfunction. Gender influenced postprandial metabolic responses in that males responded with higher serum FFAs, sVCAM-1 and glucose compared with females. Conclusions: Serum antioxidant capacity was modestly increased by daily raisin consumption, but this did not alter fasted or postprandial inflammatory response in these relatively healthy but overweight individuals. Providing all food in regular pattern reduced measures of oxidative stress. C1 [Rankin, J. W.; Andreae, M. C.] Virginia Tech, Dept Human Nutr Foods & Exercise, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Chen, C. -Y. Oliver] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [O'Keefe, S. F.] Virginia Tech, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Rankin, JW (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Human Nutr Foods & Exercise, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jrankin@vt.edu RI O'Keefe, Sean/N-3101-2016 OI O'Keefe, Sean/0000-0002-2491-7900 FU California Raisin Marketing Board FX This study was funded by the California Raisin Marketing Board. We appreciate the assistance and advice of Dr Brenda Davy with diet analysis and Janet Rinehart for technical assistance. NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-8902 J9 DIABETES OBES METAB JI Diabetes Obes. Metab. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1086 EP 1096 DI 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00867.x PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 361GD UT WOS:000260114600012 PM 18355330 ER PT J AU Lilleskov, EA Mattson, WJ Storer, AJ AF Lilleskov, Erik A. Mattson, William J. Storer, Andrew J. TI Divergent biogeography of native and introduced soil macroinvertebrates in North America north of Mexico SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Biological invasions; Carabidae; Curculionidae; distance from coasts; Formicidae; human population density; Isopoda; Isoptera; latitude-species richness relationships; Oligochaeta ID PLANT INVASIONS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; SPECIES RICHNESS; UNITED-STATES; LATITUDINAL GRADIENTS; HUMAN-POPULATION; GLOBAL PATTERNS; ANTS; BIODIVERSITY AB To improve understanding of the biogeographical consequences of species introduction, we examined whether introduced soil macroinvertebrates differ from natives in the relationship between species richness and key environmental predictors, and whether such differences affect the relationship between native and introduced species richness. For North America north of Mexico, we summarized jurisdiction occurrence data for seven macroinvertebrate taxa with strong influences on soil biodiversity or processes. We analysed the relationships of native and introduced species richness to each other using linear regression; to latitude using Gaussian regressions; and, using the residuals of the richness-latitude regressions, to distance from coasts, human population density, and human population size using regression and correlation. We found weak to strong positive relationships between native and introduced species richness. This variation was related to divergent relationships of native and introduced species with latitude, human population density, and distance from coasts. Native species richness declined with increasing latitude for all taxa, as did introduced species richness for taxa with predominantly lower-latitude origins (ants, termites, non-lumbricid earthworms). In contrast, introduced species richness peaked at higher latitudes for four taxa of predominantly Palearctic origins (weevils, ground beetles, lumbricid earthworms, isopods). Partitioning introduced taxa within these groups based on region of origin, we found that Palearctic taxa were distributed at higher latitudes than non-Palearctic taxa. Thus source region appears to strongly influence introduced species richness-latitude relationships. Compared to natives, introduced species exhibited more positive relationships with human population density and negative relationships with distance from coasts, but did not differ in relationships with human population size. Thus coastal, densely populated regions are likely to have a higher proportion of introduced soil macroinvertebrate species. These differences between distribution of native and introduced species tend to weaken positive correlations between native and introduced species richness, especially for taxa dominated by Palearctic introductions. C1 [Lilleskov, Erik A.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Mattson, William J.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Storer, Andrew J.] Michigan Technol Univ, Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Lilleskov, EA (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 410 MacInnes Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM elilleskov@fs.fed.us NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 EI 1472-4642 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 BP 893 EP 904 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00487.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 361GX UT WOS:000260116700003 ER PT J AU Zaccarelli, N Riitters, KH Petrosillo, I Zurlini, G AF Zaccarelli, N. Riitters, K. H. Petrosillo, I. Zurlini, G. TI Indicating disturbance content and context for preserved areas SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ecological Indicators at Multiple Scales CY AUG 07-12, 2005 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Ecol Soc Amer DE content and context; disturbance; multi-scale analysis; moving window; special area for conservation ID SPECIES RICHNESS; MULTIPLE SCALES; PROTECTED AREAS; BIODIVERSITY; LANDSCAPE; HABITATS; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; FORESTS AB An accepted goal of conservation is to build a conservation network that is resilient to environmental change. The conceptual patch-corridor-matrix model views individual conservation areas as connected components of a regional network capable of sustaining metapopulations and biodiversity, and assessment of contextual conditions in the matrix surrounding conservation areas is necessary for planning. Context is often assessed in terms of fixed-width buffers surrounding conservation areas, but in practice, different locations within the same conservation area experience different contexts. We present an alternate approach for describing the landscape context of conservation areas, and we illustrate the approach by assessing vegetation disturbance measured by Landsat NDVI changes over a 4-year period for 51 conservation areas in the Apulia region of south Italy. Insights gained from a multi-scale assessment of disturbance, coupled with information about land use and habitat mosaics are necessary to understand the distinctive features of different preserved areas and thus, to formulate appropriate plans for a regional conservation network to maintain or enhance biodiversity in the region. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zaccarelli, N.; Petrosillo, I.; Zurlini, G.] Univ Salento, Landscape Ecol Lab, Dept Biol & Environm Sci & Technol Ecotekne, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Riitters, K. H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Zaccarelli, N (reprint author), Univ Salento, Landscape Ecol Lab, Dept Biol & Environm Sci & Technol Ecotekne, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. EM nicola.zaccarelli@unile.it RI Zaccarelli, Nicola/B-9159-2008; Petrosillo, Irene/N-8039-2015; OI Zaccarelli, Nicola/0000-0002-3146-0910; Petrosillo, Irene/0000-0002-7359-4095; Zurlini, Giovanni/0000-0002-2432-5294 NR 62 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 841 EP 853 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2007.01.010 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 317UB UT WOS:000257044500007 ER PT J AU Samils, N Olivera, A Danell, E Alexander, SJ Fischer, C Colinas, C AF Samils, Nicklas Olivera, Antoni Danell, Eric Alexander, Susan J. Fischer, Christine Colinas, Carlos TI The Socioeconomic Impact of Truffle Cultivation in Rural Spain SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Tuber melanosporum; ethnomycology; ethnobotany; edible fungi; rural development; truffle AB The Socioeconomic Impact of Truffle Cultivation in Rural Spain. Commercial black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) plantations have been promoted in Europe with the intention of benefiting rural economies while conserving biodiversity through the expansion of oak woodlands. In this context, a socioeconomic study was conducted around the town of Sarrion in eastern Spain, where government subsidies have supported oak reforestation and truffle cultivation in unproductive hilly areas since 1987. Currently there are about 4,500 ha of truffle orchards in the surrounding county and 530 members in the local truffle association, which has provided a key forum for truffle cultivators to share technical, financial and administrative experiences. Structured interviews were carried out in 2002 with a number of orchard owners, as well as representatives of financial and governmental institutions. Truffles, which are harvested using trained dogs, typically fetch local cultivators average prices of 220-670 EUR/kg, although retail prices of high-quality specimens may reach twice this amount. In addition to the direct economic impact, an increase in local land prices was also documented, as well as a tendency for continued expansion of truffle orchards, and thus oak reforestation. In conclusion, the promotion of truffle cultivation through autonomous community and provincial government subsidies, in conjunction with support by local banks, a dedicated local truffle association, and growing interest on behalf of local farmers, seems to have achieved the mutual goals of biodiversity conservation and improving the rural economy in this region of Spain. C1 [Samils, Nicklas] Swedish Univ Agr Sci SLU, Dept Forest Mycol & Pathol, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Olivera, Antoni; Fischer, Christine] Ctr Tecnol Forestal Catalunya Pujada Seminari, E-25280 Solsona, Spain. [Danell, Eric] Uppsala Univ, Bot sect, Museum Evolut, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Alexander, Susan J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. [Colinas, Carlos] Dept Prod Veg IC Forestal, E-25198 Lleida, Spain. RP Samils, N (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci SLU, Dept Forest Mycol & Pathol, Box 7026, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. EM Nicklas.Samils@mykopat.slu.se RI Colinas, Carlos/P-5457-2014; Olivera, Antoni/P-5818-2014 OI Colinas, Carlos/0000-0002-9113-8747; Olivera, Antoni/0000-0003-3220-9696 NR 26 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 62 IS 3 BP 331 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s12231-008-9030-y PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 376IT UT WOS:000261178000015 ER PT J AU Healey, SP Cohen, WB Spies, TA Moeur, M Pflugmacher, D Whitley, MG Lefsky, M AF Healey, Sean P. Cohen, Warren B. Spies, Thomas A. Moeur, Melinda Pflugmacher, Dirk Whitley, M. German Lefsky, Michael TI The Relative Impact of Harvest and Fire upon Landscape-Level Dynamics of Older Forests: Lessons from the Northwest Forest Plan SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE disturbance; fire; landsat; forest management; Northwest Forest Plan; old growth ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; LANDSAT IMAGERY; COAST RANGE; OREGON; USA; DISTURBANCE; WILDFIRE; GROWTH; BEHAVIOR AB Interest in preserving older forests at the landscape level has increased in many regions, including the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) of 1994 initiated a significant reduction in the harvesting of older forests on federal land. We used historical satellite imagery to assess the effect of this reduction in relation to: past harvest rates, management of non-federal forests, and the growing role of fire. Harvest rates in non-federal large-diameter forests (LDF) either decreased or remained stable at relatively high rates following the NWFP, meaning that harvest reductions on federal forests, which cover half of the region, resulted in a significant regional drop in the loss of LDF to harvest. However, increased losses of LDF to fire outweighed reductions in LDF harvest across large areas of the region. Elevated fire levels in the western United States have been correlated to changing climatic conditions, and if recent fire patterns persist, preservation of older forests in dry ecosystems will depend upon practical and coordinated fire management across the landscape. C1 [Healey, Sean P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Cohen, Warren B.; Spies, Thomas A.; Whitley, M. German] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Moeur, Melinda] US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Pflugmacher, Dirk] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lefsky, Michael] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Healey, SP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. EM seanhealey@fs.fed.us RI Lefsky, Michael/A-7224-2009 FU NWFP; NASA's; Forest Service's; Office of Science (BER); U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AI02-07ER64360] FX This research was supported by the NWFP Interagency Regional Monitoring Program. Additional support was provided by: NASA's Applied Sciences Program, the Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, and the Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy (Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI02-07ER64360). The authors are also grateful for the contributions of S. Crim, M. Duane, J. Laurence, J. Ohmann, C. Palmer, P. Patterson, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 48 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD NOV PY 2008 VL 11 IS 7 BP 1106 EP 1119 DI 10.1007/s10021-008-9182-8 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 366UX UT WOS:000260510000007 ER PT J AU Aiki-Raji, CO Aguilar, PV Kwon, YK Goetz, S Suarez, DL Jethra, AI Nash, O Adeyefa, CAO Adu, FD Swayne, D Basler, CF AF Aiki-Raji, Comfort O. Aguilar, Patricia V. Kwon, Yong-Kuk Goetz, Sue Suarez, David L. Jethra, Aashish I. Nash, Oyekanmi Adeyefa, Christopher A. O. Adu, Festus D. Swayne, David Basler, Christopher F. TI Phylogenetics and Pathogenesis of Early Avian Influenza Viruses (H5N1), Nigeria SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID A VIRUSES; PATHOGENICITY; VIRULENCE; EVOLUTION; POULTRY; AFRICA AB Three highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5N1 and 4 Newcastle disease viruses were isolated from sick or dead chickens in southwestern Nigeria. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis placed them within H5N1 subclade 2.2.2. Intravenous and intranasal pathogenicity tests produced systemic disease with vascular endothelial cell tropism in chickens. C1 [Basler, Christopher F.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Aiki-Raji, Comfort O.; Nash, Oyekanmi; Adeyefa, Christopher A. O.; Adu, Festus D.] Univ Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Kwon, Yong-Kuk; Goetz, Sue; Suarez, David L.; Swayne, David] USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Basler, CF (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Box 1124,Gustave L Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM chris.basler@mssm.edu FU National Institutes of Health [P01 AI058113, U54 AI057158]; US Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; Current Research Information System [6612-32000-048-00D]; Northeast Biodefense Center-Lipkin [AI057158] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants P01 AI058113 and U54 AI057158 (Northeast Biodefense Center-Lipkin), and US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Current Research Information System project 6612-32000-048-00D. P.V.A. was supported by a fellowship awarded by AI057158 (Northeast Biodefense Center-Lipkin). NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2008 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1753 EP 1755 DI 10.3201/eid1411.080557 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 368JI UT WOS:000260617000014 PM 18976562 ER PT J AU Moser, BR AF Moser, Bryan R. TI Influence of Blending Canola, Palm, Soybean, and Sunflower Oil Methyl Esters on Fuel Properties of Biodiesel SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; DIESEL FUELS; CASTOR AB Single, binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures of canola (low erucic acid rapeseed), palm, soybean, and sunflower (high oleic acid) oil methyl esters (CME, PME, SME, and SFME, respectively) were prepared, and important fuel properties were measured, such as oil stability index (OSI), cold filter plugging point (CFPP), cloud point (CP), pour point (PP), kinematic viscosity (40 degrees C), lubricity, acid value (AV), and iodine value (IV). The fuel properties of SME were improved through blending with CME, PME, and SFME to satisfy the IV ( < 120) and OSI (> 6 h) specifications contained within EN 14214, the biodiesel standard from the European Committee for Standardization. SME was satisfactory according to ASTM D6751, the American biodiesel standard, with regard to OSI (> 3 h). The CFPP of PME was improved by up to 15 degrees C through blending with CME. Statistically significant relationships were elucidated between OSI and IV, OSI and saturated fatty acid methyl ester (SFAME) content, OSI and CFPP, CFPP and IV, and CFPP and SFAME content. However, the only relationship of practical significance was that of CFPP versus SFAME content when SFAME content was greater than 12 wt %. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM bryan.moser@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 114 Z9 115 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 22 IS 6 BP 4301 EP 4306 DI 10.1021/ef800588x PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 374PV UT WOS:000261057100102 ER PT J AU Hossain, MS Bartelt, RJ Hossain, MABM Williams, DG Chandra, S AF Hossain, Mofakhar S. Bartelt, Robert J. Hossain, Mamun A. B. M. Williams, David G. Chandra, Subhash TI Longevity of pheromone and co-attractant lures used in attract-and-kill stations for control of Carpophilus spp. SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE synthetic pheromone; synthetic co-attractant; emission rate; longevity in field; beetle attraction; Coleoptera; Nitidulidae; Carpophilus davidsoni; pest management ID STONE-FRUIT-ORCHARDS; NITIDULIDAE; COLEOPTERA; BEETLES AB Field longevity of synthetic lures for Carpophilus spp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) was evaluated by trapping studies in Australia, accompanied by chemical analyses. Carpophilus spp. are serious pests of ripening fruits, and an attract-and-kill method has been developed for their control. Traps are baited with one of two types of lure: synthetic pheromone (in rubber septa) and a host-related synthetic co-attractant (as an aqueous solution). No information was available on the longevity of either lure type. The objective of the study was to understand changes in attractiveness of the pheromone septa and co-attractant over time under field conditions. Pheromone septa were still attractive after 28 days in the field, but activity declined over time. Relative to fresh septa, catches in traps baited only with the pheromone declined to 75, 53, 32, 21, and 16% for 3-, 7-, 14-, 21-, and 28-day-old septa, respectively. Chemical emissions from aged septa showed a very similar decrease with time. Trap catches when both pheromone and co-attractant were present were far higher, and the decrease as the pheromone aged was less rapid (catches were 87, 73, 55, 44, and 36% of the original level for 3-, 7-, 14-, 21-, and 28-day-old septa, respectively). Apparently the presence of co-attractant could partially compensate for the deterioration of pheromone septa. The chemical changes of the co-attractant decreased more rapidly than the pheromone. In a laboratory study, two minor components (acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate) were essentially gone after 1 day, while the major component (ethanol) and the other three minor components (2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-methyl-1-butanol) were detectable for up to 4-8 days. Co-attractant evaporation was somewhat slower under field conditions. Trap catches for co-attractant of various ages and pheromones decreased three-fold as co-attractant age increased from 0 to 14 days. Implications with respect to beetle control are discussed. C1 [Hossain, Mofakhar S.; Hossain, Mamun A. B. M.; Williams, David G.; Chandra, Subhash] Primary Ind Res Victoria, Dept Primary Ind, Tatura Ctr, Tatura, Vic 3616, Australia. [Bartelt, Robert J.] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hossain, MS (reprint author), Primary Ind Res Victoria, Dept Primary Ind, Tatura Ctr, Private Bag 1, Tatura, Vic 3616, Australia. EM mofakhar.hossain@dpi.vic.gov.au NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 129 IS 2 BP 148 EP 156 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2008.00769.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 359SW UT WOS:000260009400005 ER PT J AU Michels, GJ Carney, VA Lydon, J Ochoa, R Renn, RL AF Michels, G. J., Jr. Carney, V. A. Lydon, J. Ochoa, R. Renn, R. L. TI NEW RECORDS FOR ACERIA ANTHOCOPTES (ACARI: ERIOPHYIDAE) OCCURRING ON CANADA THISTLE IN COLORADO, NEBRASKA, AND WYOMING, USA SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE Aceria anthocoptes; Canada thistle; biological control; state records ID CIRSIUM-ARVENSE AB Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] growing in eastern Colorado, Wyoming and western Nebraska were Surveyed for the presence and distribution of Aceria anthocoptes (Nal.). Of the 34 sites surveyed in 2004, miles were abundant at 42%, present ill lesser numbers at 52%, and not present at 6% of the sites. In 2005, two new sites were added and tell sites sampled in 2004 were revisited. Of these 12 sites, miles were abundant at 17%, present to a lesser extent at 58%, and not present at 25% of the sites. The results demonstrate that Canada thistle growing in this region commonly harbor A. anthocoptes. How long A. anthocoptes has been present in this region is unknown, however, anecdotal evidence demonstrating a dramatic decline in the population of Canada thistle at one Colorado site from 2000 to 2007 suggests that the mile may have been present since 2002. C1 [Michels, G. J., Jr.; Carney, V. A.] Texas Agr Expt Stn, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Lydon, J.] ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ochoa, R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Renn, R. L.] Directorate Environm Compliance & Management, Dept Army, Ft Carson, CO 80913 USA. RP Michels, GJ (reprint author), Texas Agr Expt Stn, 2301 Expt Stn Rd, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM gmichels@tamu.edu; vacarney@ag.tamu.edu; John.Lydon@ars.usda.gov; Ron.Ochoa@ars.usda.gov; Robin.Renn@us.army.mil FU U.S. Department of Defense through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [601814J251] FX Research reported in this paper was Supported in part by a grant from the U.S. Department of Defense through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Agreement 601814J251). The authors thank Bruce Rosenlund, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Project Leader, CO FWAO; Tom Warren, Director, Directorate of Environmental Compliance and Management at Ft. Carson; Dr. Brian Mililbachler, Natural Resources Manager, U.S. Air Force Academy; Floyd Hatch, Natural and Cultural Resources Coordinator, Buckley Air Force Base; Cathy Pesenti, Environmental Management Flight, F. E. Warren Air Force Base; and Amy Thornburg, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Rocky Flats National Wildlife Refuge site for their continued support and assistance in the noxious Weed biological control implementation program. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 119 IS 5 BP 483 EP 491 DI 10.3157/0013-872X-119.5.483 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 461NK UT WOS:000267273800008 ER PT J AU Favret, C Miller, GL Jensen, AS AF Favret, Colin Miller, Gary L. Jensen, Andrew S. TI FITCH'S APHIS MALI VARIETIES ARE RHOPALOSIPHUM OXYACANTHAE (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE Asa Fitch; Aphis mali; Rhopalosiphum oxycanthae; R. insertum; Hemiptera; Aphididae; new synonymy AB The types of Aphis mali var. fulviventris, var. nigricollis, var. nigriventris, var. obsoleta, var. pallidicornis, var. tergata, var. thoracica, and var. triseriata (all Fitch 1855) were rediscovered in the aphid collection of the United States of America National Museum of Natural History. Previously considered nomina dubia, we here establish them, along with Fitch's other two A. mali varieties, var. bivincta and var. immaculata, as junior synonyms of Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae (Schrank) [=R. insertum (Walker)]. C1 [Favret, Colin; Miller, Gary L.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Jensen, Andrew S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Adjunct Fac, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Favret, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 005 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ColinFavret@AphidNet.org; Gary.Miller@ars.usda.gov; ajensen@televar.com RI Favret, Colin/F-7726-2012 OI Favret, Colin/0000-0001-6243-3184 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 119 IS 5 BP 521 EP 523 DI 10.3157/0013-872X-119.5.521 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 461NK UT WOS:000267273800013 ER PT J AU Piccolo, JJ Hughes, NF Bryant, MD AF Piccolo, John J. Hughes, Nicholas F. Bryant, Mason D. TI Development of net energy intake models for drift-feeding juvenile coho salmon and steelhead SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Drift-feeding; Habitat selection; Net energy intake; Oncorhynchus kisutch; O. mykiss irideus; Water velocity ID ATLANTIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; HABITAT SELECTION; POSITION CHOICE; CHINOOK SALMON; BROWN TROUT; SALAR L; GROWTH; STREAMS; WATER AB We developed models to predict the effect of water velocity on prey capture rates and on optimal foraging velocities of two sympatric juvenile salmonids, coho salmon and steelhead. Mean fish size was similar to 80 mm, the size of age I+ coho and steelhead during their second summer in Southeast Alaska streams, when size overlap suggests that competition might be strongest. We used experimentally determined prey capture probabilities to estimate the effect of water velocity on gross energy intake rates, and we modeled prey capture costs using experimental data for search and handling times and published models of swimming costs. We used the difference between gross energy intake and prey capture costs to predict velocities at which each species maximized net energy intake rate. Predicted prey capture rates for both species declined from similar to 75 to 30 - 40 prey/h with a velocity increase from 0.30 to 0.60 m center dot s(-1). We found little difference between coho and steelhead in predicted optimum foraging velocities ( 0.29 m center dot s(-1) for coho and 0.30 m center dot s(-1) for steelhead). Although prey capture ability appears to be more important than are prey capture costs in determining optimum foraging velocities, capture costs may be important for models that predict fish growth. Because coho are assumed to pay a greater swimming cost due to a less hydrodynamic body form, we also modeled 10 and 25% increases in hydrodynamic drag to assess the effect of increased prey capture costs. This reduced optimum velocity by 0 and 0.01 m center dot s(-1), respectively. Habitat segregation among equal-sized coho and steelhead does not appear to be related to the effects of water velocity on their respective foraging abilities. C1 [Piccolo, John J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Fisheries Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Hughes, Nicholas F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Bryant, Mason D.] USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Piccolo, JJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Fisheries Ctr, 11120 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ftjjp1@uaf.edu FU The University of Alaska Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center; USDA Pacific Northwest Research Station FX Funding and support was for this project was provided by: The University of Alaska Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center and the USDA Pacific Northwest Research Station. Two anonymous reviewers greatly improved an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD NOV PY 2008 VL 83 IS 3 BP 259 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s10641-008-9330-1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 363JE UT WOS:000260262800003 ER PT J AU Dumbauld, BR Holden, DL Langness, OP AF Dumbauld, Brett R. Holden, David L. Langness, Olaf P. TI Do sturgeon limit burrowing shrimp populations in Pacific Northwest Estuaries? SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Endangered; Predation; Oyster; Neotrypeaea; Willapa Bay; Acipenser ID LOWER COLUMBIA-RIVER; WHITE STURGEON; GREEN STURGEON; FOOD-HABITS; ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; MYLIOBATIS-CALIFORNICA; ATLANTIC STURGEON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SUWANNEE RIVER; LIFE-HISTORY AB Green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, and white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus, are frequent inhabitants of coastal estuaries from northern California, USA to British Columbia, Canada. An analysis of stomach contents from 95 green sturgeon and six white sturgeon commercially landed in Willapa Bay, Grays Harbor, and the Columbia River estuary during 2000-2005 revealed that 17-97% had empty stomachs, but those fish with items in their guts fed predominantly on benthic prey items and fish. Burrowing thalassinid shrimp (mostly Neotrypaea californiensis) were important food items for both white and especially for green sturgeon taken in Willapa Bay, Washington during summer 2003, where they represented 51% of the biomass ingested (84.9% IRI). Small pits observed in intertidal areas dominated by these shrimp, are likely made by these sturgeon and we present evidence from exclusion studies and field observation that the predator making the pits can have a significant cumulative negative effect on burrowing shrimp density. These burrowing shrimp present a threat to the aquaculture industry in Washington State due to their ability to de-stabilize the substrate on which shellfish are grown. Despite an active burrowing shrimp control program in these estuaries, it seems unlikely that current burrowing shrimp abundance and availability as food is a limiting factor for threatened green sturgeon stocks. However, these large predators may have performed an important top down control function on shrimp populations in the past when they were more abundant. C1 [Dumbauld, Brett R.] ARS, USDA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Holden, David L.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA USA. [Langness, Olaf P.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. RP Dumbauld, BR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM brett.dumbauld@oregonstate.edu FU WDFW through the US Fish; Wildlife Service State Wildlife [FFY2002T-1-4]; U. S. Department of Agriculture [C031546]; University of Washington (Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and proviso funds from the Washington State Legislature) FX We thank a number of people who helped sample both sturgeon and burrowing shrimp in the field including Matt Howell, Steve West, Eric Evans, Cameron Black, Roxanne Barker, Roy Hildenbrand, Lee McCoy, Marla Koberstein and Beth Wheat. Special thanks to Alan Trimble for conceptualizing the field enclosures and pit sampling efforts and his assistance conducting these efforts in the field. Funding for this project was provided by WDFW through the US Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grant Program (FFY2002T-1-4), the U. S. Department of Agriculture (CSREES # C031546), and the University of Washington (Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and proviso funds from the Washington State Legislature). We also thank Bob Emmett (NOAA), Dena Gadomsky (USGS), Mike Parsley (USGS), Steve West (WDFW) and two anonymous reviewers for their comments the manuscript. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD NOV PY 2008 VL 83 IS 3 BP 283 EP 296 DI 10.1007/s10641-008-9333-y PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 363JE UT WOS:000260262800006 ER PT J AU Yesilonis, ID James, BR Pouyat, RV Momen, B AF Yesilonis, Ian D. James, Bruce R. Pouyat, Richard V. Momen, Bahram TI Lead forms in urban turfgrass and forest soils as related to organic matter content and pH SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Fractionation; Metals; Lead; Sequential extraction; Urban soils ID SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION PROCEDURE; HEAVY-METALS; CONTAMINATED SOILS; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; TRAFFIC DENSITY; HONG-KONG; SPECIATION; CADMIUM; ZINC; SEDIMENTS AB Soil pH may influence speciation and extractability of Pb, depending on type of vegetation in urban soil environments. We investigated the relationship between soil pH and Pb extractability at forest and turf grass sites in Baltimore, Maryland. Our two hypotheses were: (1) due to lower pH values in forest soils, more Pb will be in exchangeable forms in forested than in turfgrass soils and (2) due to the greater lability of exchangeable Pb in equilibrium with soil solution in forest soils, concentrations of this form will increase with depth more so than in the turfgrass soils, as related to organic matter content and pH. Soil samples were collected from three forested and three turfgrass sites to depths of 20 cm. Lead forms were determined using a sequential extraction technique. Soils under turfgrass and forest vegetation differed in the extractability of soil Pb (P< 0.01) for the Mn(III, IV)- and Fe(III)(hydr) oxide fraction. A greater Pb concentration was bound to this fraction under turfgrass (211 mg kg(-1), 69% of total Pb) than forested soils (67 mg kg(-1), 61% of total Pb), perhaps due to soil pH differences of 5.9 and 5.0, respectively. In the forested soils, as depth increased, the ratio of exchangeable-to-total Pb increased and the ratio of organically bound Pb-to-total Pb decreased. The results suggest changes in pH and organic matter content with depth affect the extractability of Pb, and these soil properties are affected differentially by grass versus tree vegetation in the urban soils investigated. C1 [Yesilonis, Ian D.; Pouyat, Richard V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. [James, Bruce R.; Momen, Bahram] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Yesilonis, ID (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 5200 Westland Blvd,Room 134, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. EM iyesil1@gl.umbc.edu FU USDA Forest Service; Northern Global Change Program and Research Work Unit [NE-4952]; Baltimore Ecosystem Study's Long Term Ecological Research; National Science Foundation [0423476]; Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education, University of Maryland Baltimore County. FX Funding support came from the USDA Forest Service, Northern Global Change Program and Research Work Unit (NE-4952), Syracuse, NY; Baltimore Ecosystem Study's Long Term Ecological Research grant from the National Science Foundation (Grant No. 0423476); and the Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education, University of Maryland Baltimore County. NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 146 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1007/s10661-007-0040-5 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 360KL UT WOS:000260056300001 PM 18058252 ER PT J AU Reich, RM Aguirre-Bravo, C Briseno, MAM AF Reich, Robin M. Aguirre-Bravo, Celedonio Briseno, Martin A. Mendoza TI An innovative approach to inventory and monitoring of natural resources in the Mexican State of Jalisco SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Bioclimatic zones; Domain sampling; Tree species diversity; Spectral and spatial variability ID FOREST INVENTORY; SATELLITE IMAGERY; STRATIFICATION; ACCURACY; BIOMASS; DESIGN AB This paper discusses the statistical design and estimation processes developed for the assessment of key land resources relevant to questions of their condition and change in the State of Jalisco, Mexico. Some initial results of the first phase of Jalisco's Natural Resource Inventory and Monitoring Program (IMRENAT) conducted in 2006 are presented and discussed. Since this is a relatively new approach for an inventory and monitoring program of this magnitude, designed from the beginning specifically for integration with orbital satellite data, it is anticipated that changes will have to be made over time to improve conceptual and operational design aspects. Alternative remote sensing capabilities to further improve local information, more sophisticated analysis to satisfy the requirements of officials as they become more aware of the capabilities of the system, possible improvements in change assessments over time, and opportunities to focus on specific interesting changes will be assessed. As this study indicates, current and future information technology advancements provide a solid prospect for the development and application of integrative sampling strategies to support sustainability science and management processes. C1 [Reich, Robin M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Aguirre-Bravo, Celedonio] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Briseno, Martin A. Mendoza] Colegio Postgrad, Texcoco, Mexico. [Briseno, Martin A. Mendoza] SEDER FIPRODEFO, IMRENAT, Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico. RP Reich, RM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM robin@warnercnr.colostate.edu FU state government of Jalisco (SEDER, DGFS, and FIPRODEFO); IMRENAT program FX The authors wish to thank the state government of Jalisco (SEDER, DGFS, and FIPRODEFO) for funding the IMRENAT program and supporting the generation of these results. We also thank those CAMESA-related federal agencies of the NAFTA countries (USDA FS, USEPA, NRC CFS, and EC-EMAN) and scientists for their participation in supporting this effort. The authors would also like to acknowledge the many valuable suggestions from the anonymous reviewers. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 146 IS 1-3 BP 383 EP 396 DI 10.1007/s10661-007-0086-4 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 360KL UT WOS:000260056300032 PM 18085416 ER PT J AU Handley, T Grulke, NE AF Handley, T. Grulke, N. E. TI Interactive effects of O-3 exposure on California black oak (Quercus kelloggii Newb.) seedlings with and without N amendment SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE N deposition; Ozone exposure; California black oak; Quercus kelloggii ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; BIRCH BETULA-PENDULA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; ELEVATED CO2; OZONE SENSITIVITY; SATURATED SITE; WHOLE-PLANT; NITROGEN; DEPOSITION; RESPONSES AB We examined the short-term separate and combined effects of simulated nitrogen (N) deposition (fertilization) and ozone (O-3) exposure on California black oak seedlings (Quercus kelloggii Newb.), an ecologically important tree of the San Bernardino Mountains downwind of Los Angeles. Realistic concentrations of O-3 were found to cause statistically and biologically significant negative effects on plant health, including lowered photosynthetic ability, lowered water use efficiency, and increased leaf chlorosis and necrosis. When subjected to abrupt changes in light levels, O-3-exposed plants showed both a slower and smaller response than O-3-free plants. Fertilized plants exhibited a significantly greater pre- to post-treatment decline in A at saturated [CO2] and a significantly lower level of post-treatment chlorosis than unfertilized plants. Fertilization tended to reduce plant sensitivity to O-3. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Handley, T.] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Biol Sci, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [Grulke, N. E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Handley, T (reprint author), Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Biol Sci, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. EM thandle2@yahoo.com NR 30 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 156 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.01.002 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 358WP UT WOS:000259948500008 PM 18313184 ER PT J AU Huwe, JK Hakk, H Stapleton, HM Birnbaum, LS AF Huwe, J. K. Hakk, H. Stapleton, H. M. Birnbaum, L. S. TI Tissue Distribution of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Rats Following Oral Exposure and the Relationship to Body Burdens SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol C1 [Huwe, J. K.; Hakk, H.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Stapleton, H. M.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm Sci, Durham, NC USA. [Stapleton, H. M.] Duke Univ, Policy Div, Durham, NC USA. [Birnbaum, L. S.] US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP S76 EP S76 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 362IR UT WOS:000260191900233 ER PT J AU Louzada, ES del Rio, HS Setamou, M Watson, JW Swietlik, DM AF Louzada, E. S. del Rio, H. S. Setamou, M. Watson, J. W. Swietlik, D. M. TI Evaluation of citrus rootstocks for the high pH, calcareous soils of South Texas SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Review DE Citrus tristeza virus; brown citrus aphid; salinity; sour orange; grapefruit ID TRISTEZA-VIRUS; FLORIDA; APHID AB Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is one of the most devastating disease in areas where sweet orange or grapefruit are budded onto sour orange rootstock. In Texas, the citrus industry is located in the far south of the state in a high pH and calcareous soils region, which makes sour orange the best rootstock option. The Texas industry has been under a threat since the arrival in Florida and Mexico of the most efficient vector of CTV, the Brown Citrus Aphid. In an attempt to find a suitable replacement for sour orange rootstock a field trial was performed to evaluate 10 rootstocks with Rio Red grapefruit scion. Trees on C35 and Carrizo citranges, and Swingle citrumelo became very chlorotic and died. The other rootstocks also showed slight to severe chlorosis but were able to recover. C22 outperformed all rootstocks during the 6 years, producing more than 1.5 times the yield of sour orange, and approximate to 2-fold the production of Goutou which was the rootstock with the lowest production. Although significantly lower than C22, the cumulative production of trees on C57 and C146 rootstocks were excellent and their yearly fruit productions were similar to that of C22 in four (2001, 2003, 2004, and 2005) out of the 6 years of study. All three rootstocks originated from the same cross (Sunki mandarin x Swingle trifoliate orange). In all years, sour orange rootstock yielded the highest percentage of soluble solids (SS) and Troyer and Goutou rootstocks the lowest. Although the SS varied with rootstocks, the ratio of the SS and the percentage of acid did not significantly vary with rootstock type. Considering that C22, C57, and C146 are tolerant to CTV and other important diseases, these rootstocks are good options to replace Sour orange in Texas. C1 [Louzada, E. S.; del Rio, H. S.; Setamou, M.; Watson, J. W.] Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Citrus Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Swietlik, D. M.] USDA, North Atlantic Area, Off Associate Area Director, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Louzada, ES (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Citrus Ctr, 312 N Int Blvd, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM elouzada@ag.tamu.edu FU Texas Citrus Producers Board FX The authors would like to thank the Texas Citrus Producers Board for funding the research and to Mr Paul Heller from Rio Queen Farms for the permission to use the plot area and the support with the grove caretaking and size determination. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2008 VL 164 IS 1 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s10681-008-9701-x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 355GJ UT WOS:000259697100002 ER PT J AU Rose, LW Das, MK Taliaferro, CM AF Rose, Louis W. Das, Modan K. Taliaferro, Charles M. TI A comparison of dry matter yield stability assessment methods for small numbers of genotypes of bermudagrass SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE bermudagrass; biplot; GE interaction; nonparametric stability; stability ID X-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; NONPARAMETRIC MEASURES; PHENOTYPIC STABILITY; BIPLOT AB No information is available on the efficacy of various nonparametric stability parameters when compared with GGE biplot methodology in assessing the stability of dry matter yield in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) when a small number of genotypes is assayed. This study was conducted to compare the results of four nonparametric stability parameters developed by Huehn and Nassar (S(i)((1)), S(i)((2)), S(i)((3)), S(i)((6))) Kang's rank-sum method and the GGE biplot method for five genotypes over 11 location-year environments at Oklahoma State University experiment stations. Results from analysis of variance procedures indicated highly significant levels of genotype-by-environment interaction (P < 0.01), which further indicated the need for stability analysis measures to be conducted. Results of the stability analysis indicated agreement among S(i)((1)), S(i)((2)), Kang's rank-sum method, and the biplot method for the stability rankings of the genotypes and between these methods and the overall yield rankings of the genotypes. The S(i)((3)) and S(i)((6)) statistics were not in agreement with each other or any of the previously mentioned methods concerning the stability rankings of the genotypes. From examination of the formulae for the nonparametric statistics it was concluded that, when a small number of genotypes is assayed, the S(i)((1)), S(i)((2)), S(i)((3)) and S(i)((6)) statistics have the potential to be extremely sensitive and to produce misleading results. It was further concluded that for assessment of small numbers of genotypes the GGE biplot stability analysis method, augmented with Kang's rank-sum method, would produce the most reliable estimates of genotype stability. C1 [Rose, Louis W.; Taliaferro, Charles M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Das, Modan K.] Univ Arizona, ARS, USDA, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Rose, LW (reprint author), Aon Corp, 200 E Randolph St, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. EM lwriv2003@yahoo.com NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2008 VL 164 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s10681-007-9620-2 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 355GJ UT WOS:000259697100003 ER PT J AU Alwala, S Kimbeng, CA Veremis, JC Gravois, KA AF Alwala, Sreedhar Kimbeng, Collins A. Veremis, John C. Gravois, Kenneth A. TI Linkage mapping and genome analysis in a Saccharum interspecific cross using AFLP, SRAP and TRAP markers SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Saccharum; AFLP; SRAP; TRAP markers; linkage map; segregation distortion ID REGION AMPLIFICATION POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC-MAP; QTL ANALYSIS; CRYPTOMERIA-JAPONICA; SUGARCANE CULTIVARS; DNA METHYLATION; OFFICINARUM; RAPD; MICROSATELLITE; SPONTANEUM AB Framework genetic linkage maps of two progenitor species of cultivated sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum 'La Striped' (2n = 80) and S. spontaneum 'SES 147B' (2n = 64) were constructed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), and target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) markers. The mapping population was comprised of 100 F-1 progeny derived from the interspecific cross. A total of 344 polymorphic markers were generated from the female (S. officinarum) parent, out of which 247 (72%) were single-dose (segregating in a 1:1 ratio) and 33 (9%) were double-dose (segregating in a 3.3:1 ratio) markers. Sixty-four (19%) markers deviated from Mendelian segregation ratios. In the S. spontaneum genome, out of a total of 306 markers, 221 (72%) were single-dose, 43 (14%) were double-dose, and 42 markers (14%) deviated from Mendelian segregation ratios. Linkage maps with Kosambi map distances were constructed using a LOD score >= 5.0 and a recombination threshold of 0.45. In Saccharum officinarum, 146 markers were linked to form 49 linkage groups (LG) spanning 1732 cM whereas, in S. spontaneum, 121 markers were linked to form 45 LG spanning 1491 cM. The estimated genome size of S. officinarum 'La Striped' was 2448 cM whereas that of S. spontaneum 'SES 147B' was 3232 cM. Based on the two maps, genome coverage was 69% in S. officinarum and 46% in S. spontaneum. The S. officinarum parent 'La Striped' behaved like an auto-allopolyploid whereas S. spontaneum 'SES 147B' behaved like a true autopolyploid. Although a large disparity exists between the two genomes, the existence of simple duplex markers, which are heterozygous in both parents and segregate 3:1 in the progeny, indicates that pairing and recombination can occur between the two genomes. The study also revealed that, compared with AFLP, the SRAP and TRAP markers appear less effective at generating a large number of genome-wide markers for linkage mapping in sugarcane. However, SRAP and TRAP markers can be useful for QTL mapping because of their ability to target gene-rich regions of the genome, which is a focus of our future research. C1 [Alwala, Sreedhar; Kimbeng, Collins A.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Veremis, John C.] ARS, USDA, SRRC, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. [Gravois, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Sugar Res Stn, St Gabriel, LA 70776 USA. RP Kimbeng, CA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM CKimbeng@agctr.lsu.edu FU USDA-ARS-SRRC Sugarcane Research Laboratory, Houma, Louisiana FX Several staff at the USDA-ARS-SRRC Sugarcane Research Laboratory, Houma, Louisiana, provided technical assistance. The anonymous reviewers provided critical comments and suggestions that helped improve the final version of the manuscript. Funding for this work was partly provided by The American Sugar Cane League of the U. S. A., Inc., and a Louisiana State University Graduate School Fellowship awarded to Sreedhar Alwala. All are gratefully acknowledged. NR 55 TC 21 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 EI 1573-5060 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2008 VL 164 IS 1 BP 37 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s10681-007-9634-9 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 355GJ UT WOS:000259697100005 ER PT J AU Turley, RB Kloth, RH AF Turley, Rickie B. Kloth, Reiner H. TI The inheritance model for the fiberless trait in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) line SL1-7-1: variation on a theme SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE fiber initiation; fiberless seed; fuzzless seed; Gossypium hirsutum; inheritance; naked seed ID GENETIC-ANALYSIS; EXPRESSION; SEEDS; FUZZ; IDENTIFICATION; INITIATION AB Segregating populations were developed to evaluate the inheritance of the fiberless seed phenotype of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) line SL1-7-1. We report the inheritance of fuzzy, fuzzless and fiberless seed from crosses of SL1-7-1 with wildtype DP5690, Mexican fuzzless seed UA 3-3 (accession 143), Ballard fuzzless seed (accession 243), and MD17. Results from the F(1), F(2) and F(2:3) progeny derived from the SL1-7-1 X DP5690 indicated that the expression of the fiberless phenotype fit a three loci model with one locus being the dominant fuzzless seed allele N(1) . The other two loci were tested to verify whether they were allelic to either recessive fuzzless seed alleles n(2) or n (3) . Using the segregation ratios of the F(2) progeny derived from the 143 X SL1-7-1 cross and F(2)-derived F(3) families from SL1-7-1 X DP5690 with fuzzy seed (lacked N(1) ), it is proposed that SL1-7-1 lacks the recessive n (2) allele, but contains the n(3) allele in the genotype of SL1-7-1. The third locus was previously not characterized and has been designated as fl(1) (fiberless), therefore, the genotype for the fiberless phenotype of SL1-7-1 is N(1)N(1)fl(1)fl(1)n(3)n(3) . Fiberless lines MD17 X SL1-7-1 were crossed to verify similarities in genotypes between line and the genotype model predictability. Various combinations of the homozygous and heterozygous expression of N(1),n (2),n (3) and fl(1) allele produced plants with lower lint percentages. C1 [Turley, Rickie B.] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Prod Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Turley, RB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Prod Res, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Rick.Turley@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2008 VL 164 IS 1 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1007/s10681-008-9670-0 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 355GJ UT WOS:000259697100013 ER PT J AU Wu, JX Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC Saha, S Percy, R AF Wu, Jixiang Jenkins, Johnie N. McCarty, Jack C. Saha, Sukumar Percy, Richard TI Genetic association of lint yield with its components in cotton chromosome substitution lines SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE yield components; conditional model; chromosome substitution lines; cotton ID GOSSYPIUM-BARBADENSE L.; UPLAND COTTON; VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; PATH ANALYSES; VICIA-FABA; HIRSUTUM L; TRAITS; FIBER; INTROGRESSION; POPULATION AB Dissection of the genetic relationship between lint yield and its yield components at the chromosome level may provide an additional avenue for yield enhancement in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Based on the conditional additive-dominance (AD) genetic model, we investigated the genetic structures of lint yield with its three component traits, lint percentage, boll weight, and boll number, using a two-location data set containing cotton chromosome substitution lines (chromosome or chromosome arm substituted from G. barbadense L. into G. hirsutum L., TM-1) which are defined as CS-B lines and their F(2) hybrids with CS-B recurrent parent TM-1. We calculated the conditional variance components, contribution ratios, and contribution effects subject to the additive and dominant components. Our results showed that boll number or boll number with boll weight greatly reduced the conditional variance components and phenotypic variance for lint yield and thus indicated that boll number plays a more important role in lint yield than the other two component traits. We demonstrated that the G. barbadense chromosomes in CS-B16, CS-B18, and CS-B4sh were directly associated with reduced lint yield. Substituted chromosome arms 14sh, 22sh, and 22Lo were associated with reduced additive effects for lint yield through the component of boll weight, thus suggesting that some substituted chromosomes or chromosome arms may be indirectly associated with lint yield through yield component traits. This study provides a better understanding of cotton yield and its component traits at the chromosome level and this information should be useful in cotton breeding. C1 [Wu, Jixiang] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Jenkins, Johnie N.; McCarty, Jack C.; Saha, Sukumar] ARS, USDA, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Percy, Richard] ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Wu, JX (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, POB 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jixiang.wu@ars.usda.gov RI Wu, Jixiang/C-4084-2009 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2008 VL 164 IS 1 BP 199 EP 207 DI 10.1007/s10681-008-9705-6 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 355GJ UT WOS:000259697100020 ER PT J AU Bae, J Jansky, SH Rouse, DI AF Bae, J. Jansky, S. H. Rouse, D. I. TI The potential for early generation selection to identify potato clones with resistance to Verticillium wilt SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE potato; Solanum tuberosum; Verticillium wilt; early dying disease; Verticillium dahliae ID BREEDING PROGRAM; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS; DAHLIAE COLONIZATION; MANAGEMENT; GERMPLASM; CHARACTERS; CULTIVARS; BLIGHT; TIME AB Verticillium wilt (VW) of potato, caused primarily by the fungus Verticillium dahliae, results in yield loss and is therefore an important soil-borne disease. Resistance to VW exists in potato germplasm and is used by breeders during cultivar development. Breeders could make more rapid progress toward the development of VW resistant clones if they had an effective early generation selection strategy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether selection for VW resistance could be carried out in the first tuber generation on single hills. One hundred and fifty-two clones from 19 families were planted as single hills on a V. dahliae-infested field. Each plant was scored for vine maturity, VW symptom expression, yield, stem colonization (colony forming units (cfu), in dried basal stem segments) and incidence (percent infected stems). In the second clonal generation, which consisted of replicated four-hill plots, stem colonization scores and incidence values were used to identify clones which were more resistant than a moderately resistant cultivar and others which were more susceptible than a susceptible cultivar. The efficiency and reliability of the single-hill selection strategy, based on symptoms and yield, was then determined by comparison to the four-hill results. We determined that the best single-hill selection strategy was negative selection (discard clones with the lowest performance) with low stringency, based on yield. C1 [Jansky, S. H.] ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bae, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Rouse, D. I.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jansky, SH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM shjansky@wisc.edu FU U. S. Department of Agriculture [59-0790-4-077] FX Germplasm for this project was kindly provided by Dr. Christian Thill, University of Minnesota. This research was supported in part by the U. S. Department of Agriculture (Agreement number 59-0790-4-077). NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2008 VL 164 IS 2 BP 385 EP 393 DI 10.1007/s10681-008-9686-5 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 355GK UT WOS:000259697200010 ER PT J AU Luan, F Delannay, I Staub, JE AF Luan, Feishi Delannay, Isabelle Staub, Jack E. TI Chinese melon (Cucumis melo L.) diversity analyses provide strategies for germplasm curation, genetic improvement, and evidentiary support of domestication patterns SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE genetic similarity; morphological traits; multivariate analysis; RAPD ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; SEQUENCE REPEAT MARKERS; RAPD MARKERS; MOLECULAR VARIATION; CUCURBITACEAE; SSR; COLLECTION; LANDRACES; CULTIVARS; ISOZYME AB The genetic diversity of melon market types (Cucumis melo L., 2n = 2x = 24) in China, an important secondary center of diversity, has not been examined. Therefore, reference accessions from India and Africa, Crete/Greece, Japan, Europe, U.S.A., Spain, and 68 Chinese cultigens (fresh-market non-netted thin-skinned; non-netted thick-skinned; netted thick-skinned; and non-netted thin-skinned, and vegetable) were evaluated by using 17 10-mer RAPD primers (32 mapped loci), days to flower, sex expression, lateral-branch number, and fruit number and weight per plant. While Chinese thin-skinned melons differed from vegetable melon types only in sex expression, the U.S. Western Shipping market type reference accession "Top Mark" and Chinese thick-skinned melons were similar for all of the morphological traits examined. The average similarity (Jaccard Coefficient) between any two pairs of accessions examined as estimated by RAPD variation was 0.47 +/- 0.14. Within-group genetic similarities ranged between 0.94 (thin-skinned type) and 0.08 (non-netted thick-skinned type). The average/standard deviation, maximum, and minimum similarity between any two Chinese reference accessions was 0.41 +/- 0.13, 0.75, and 0.12, respectively. Cluster analysis partitioned accessions into two main branches consisting of Group Cantalupensis and Inodorus reference accessions (clade 1) and Chinese accessions (clade 2). A second cluster analysis partitioned China, India, and Africa accessions into one major group, and accessions from Japan, Europe, and U.S.A. into another. Results indicate that Chinese accessions are a rich source of genetic diversity for plant improvement, and that molecular assessments support previously described theoretical melon domestication patterns constructed from historical and archeological evidence. C1 [Delannay, Isabelle; Staub, Jack E.] Univ Wisconsin, ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Unit,Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Luan, Feishi] NE Agr Univ, Hort Coll, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang Pr, Peoples R China. RP Staub, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Unit,Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jack.staub@ars.usda.gov FU Innovative Research Team of Northeast Agricultural University (IRTNEAU); Education Department in Heilongjiang Province, PRC FX Mention of trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USDA, and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. This work was partially supported by the Innovative Research Team of Northeast Agricultural University (IRTNEAU) program and the Education Department in Heilongjiang Province, PRC. NR 60 TC 40 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2008 VL 164 IS 2 BP 445 EP 461 DI 10.1007/s10681-008-9699-0 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 355GK UT WOS:000259697200015 ER PT J AU Hayes, RJ Ryder, EJ Wintermantel, WM AF Hayes, Ryan J. Ryder, Edward J. Wintermantel, William M. TI Genetic variation for big-vein symptom expression and resistance to Mirafiori lettuce big-vein virus in Lactuca virosa L., a wild relative of cultivated lettuce SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Lactuca sativa L.; breeding; compositae; disease resistance; virus resistance; ophiovirus; MLBVV ID BREEDING LINES; DISEASE; ASTERACEAE; SATIVA; CROPS AB Lactuca virosa L. is a wild relative of lettuce that is potentially an important source of resistance to big-vein disease, an economically damaging disease of lettuce. Identification of L. virosa accessions with resistance to Mirafiori lettuce big-vein virus (MLBVV), the disease causing agent, may be useful for lettuce breeding. The objectives of this research were to determine the genetic variation for big-vein symptom expression and MLBVV accumulation in diverse L. virosa accessions. Greenhouse testing was conducted to characterize variation for symptom expression 90-100 days after planting (DAP) with 70 L. virosa accessions in unreplicated experiments in 2001 and 2003, and with 10 accessions in an experiment with 3 replications conducted in 2004. In 2005, six replications of seven accessions were evaluated for the percentage of symptomatic plants 120 DAP and 180 DAP in a growth chamber experiment. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or nucleic acid spot hybridization was used to determine MLBVV presence or absence at each reading date. Genetic variation for symptom expression was confirmed among the L. virosa accessions, although the majority of tested accessions did not express big-vein symptoms. Symptomless infections were discovered, although accumulation of MLBVV to detectable levels appeared to be a slow process in L. virosa. Genetic variation for the incidence of MLBVV positive plants was identified within symptomless accessions, and suggests that symptom expression and MLBVV resistance may be independent factors contributing to big-vein resistance. Regardless, symptomless accessions with low MLBVV incidence were identified, and should be useful for breeding new big-vein resistant cultivars. C1 [Hayes, Ryan J.; Ryder, Edward J.; Wintermantel, William M.] ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, USDA, St Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Hayes, RJ (reprint author), ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, USDA, 1636 E Alisal, St Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM rhayes@pw.ars.usda.gov FU California Lettuce Research Board; Arizona Iceberg Lettuce Research Council FX This research was supported in part by the California Lettuce Research Board and the Arizona Iceberg Lettuce Research Council. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2008 VL 164 IS 2 BP 493 EP 500 DI 10.1007/s10681-008-9738-x PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 355GK UT WOS:000259697200018 ER PT J AU Winkler, JK Warner, K AF Winkler, Jill Kristine Warner, Kathleen TI Effect of phytosterol structure on thermal polymerization of heated soybean oil SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ethylidene side chain; Fucosterol; Phytosterols; Thermal polymerization; Vegetable oils ID FRYING OILS; OXIDATION; STEROLS AB This study determined the effect of phytosterol structure, including the degree of unsaturation and the presence of an ethylidene group in the side chain, on the thermal polymerization of heated soybean oil. Indigenous tocopherols and phytosterols were removed from soybean oil by molecular distillation. Pure phytosterols were added back to the stripped soybean oil at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 5 mg/g oil (0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 wt-%). These oils were heated at 180 degrees C over a period of 8 h, and triacylglycerol dimers and polymers, fatty acid composition, and residual phytosterol content were determined. None of the phytosterols prevented triacylglycerol dimer and polymer formation when used at 0.5 mg/g; however, phytosterols with two or more double bonds, regardless of the presence of an ethylidene group in the side chain, provided slight protection when added at 1 mg/g. Ergosterol addition at 5 mg/g reduced polymer formation by 16-20% compared to the control oil, but at this level none of the other phytosterols provided protection of any practical significance. Thus, under the conditions used for this heating study, the degree of phytosterol unsaturation was more important for its anti-polymerization activity than the presence of an ethylidene group. C1 [Winkler, Jill Kristine; Warner, Kathleen] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Winkler, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM jill.winkler@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 14 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-7697 J9 EUR J LIPID SCI TECH JI Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 110 IS 11 BP 1068 EP 1077 DI 10.1002/ejlt.200800089 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 380HH UT WOS:000261456300013 ER PT J AU McClean, AE Sudarshana, P Kluepfel, DA AF McClean, Ali E. Sudarshana, Padma Kluepfel, Daniel A. TI Enhanced detection and isolation of the walnut pathogen Brenneria rubrifaciens, causal agent of deep bark canker SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PCR; Rubrifacine; Transposon; Walnut ID ERWINIA-RUBRIFACIENS; PERSIAN WALNUT; PHLOEM CANKER; PCR DETECTION; PSEUDOMONAS; DNA; DISEASE; AGROBACTERIUM; TRANSMISSION; TIME AB Deep bark canker (DBC) of walnut is caused by the bacterium Brenneria rubrifaciens which produces the red pigment rubrifacine. This disease of English walnut trees, is characterized by deep vertical cankers which exude sap laden with B. rubrifaciens. Although DBC is not observed on young trees, it is hypothesized that B. rubrifaciens is present in host tissue years before symptom development. Therefore, a sensitive technique would be useful in detecting B. rubrifaciens in asymptomatic trees. Tn5 mutants deficient in rubrifacine production (pig(-)) were generated and DNA sequences from pig mutants were used to design two primer sets; GSP1F-GSP1R and GSP2F-GSP2R. A third primer pair, BR1-BR3 was designed from the 16S rRNA gene. The three primer pairs did not amplify the diagnostic bands from members of the following bacterial genera: Agrobacterium, Erwinia, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, and Rhizobium. In addition, no amplification was observed using DNA from the following Brenneria species, alni, nigrifluens, quercina, or salicis. All three DNA primer sets detected B. rubrifaciens in spiked greenhouse soil and infiltrated walnut leaf tissue. PCR detection limits for BR, GSP1, and GSP2 primer pairs were 254, 254, and 2.54 x 10(4) colony forming units (CFU) respectively. Real-time PCR detection limit for BR primers was 8 CFU. The differential medium, yeast extract dextrose calcium carbonate agar (YDCA) was amended with novobiocin, and bacitracin, to enhance isolation from environmental samples. The improved detection and isolation methods described here will facilitate examination of B. rubrifaciens ecology under both nursery and orchard conditions. C1 [McClean, Ali E.; Kluepfel, Daniel A.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sudarshana, Padma] USDA, APHIS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kluepfel, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, 284 Hutchison Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Ali.McClean@ars.usda.gov; Padma.Sudarshana@aphis.usda.gov; Daniel.Kluepfel@ars.usda.gov FU California Walnut Marketing Board; USDA/ ARS FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Patrick Wechter and Dr. Joel Vanneste for critical reading of this manuscript. This work was supported in part by the California Walnut Marketing Board and the USDA/ ARS. We also wish to thank Joel Vanneste at the HortResearch Ruakura Research Centre in New Zealand for confirming the specificity of BR and GSP1 primer pairs on B. rubrifaciens strains in his collection. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 122 IS 3 BP 413 EP 424 DI 10.1007/s10658-008-9308-z PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 364CM UT WOS:000260313800009 ER PT J AU Chiou, BS Avena-Bustillos, RJ Bechtel, PJ Jafri, H Narayan, R Imam, SH Glenn, GM Orts, WJ AF Chiou, Bor-Sen Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J. Bechtel, Peter J. Jafri, Haani Narayan, Rajnesh Imam, Syed H. Glenn, Greg M. Orts, William J. TI Cold water fish gelatin films: Effects of cross-linking on thermal, mechanical, barrier, and biodegradation properties SO EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Fish gelatin films; Cross-link; Oxygen permeability; Water vapor permeability ID BROWNSTRIPE RED SNAPPER; EDIBLE FILMS; SKIN GELATIN; VAPOR PERMEABILITY; 1-ETHYL-3-(3-DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYL) CARBODIIMIDE; COMPOSITE FILMS; BIGEYE SNAPPER; CHITOSAN FILMS; TRANSGLUTAMINASE; GLYCEROL AB Gelatin was extracted from Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and Alaska pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) skins and cast into films. The fish gelatin films' tensile, thermal, water vapor permeability, oxygen permeability, and biodegradation properties were compared to those of bovine and porcine gelatin films. In addition, fish gelatin films were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Pollock and salmon gelatin films had comparable tensile properties, but had lower tensile strength and percent elongation than mammalian gelatin films. The lower strength and elongation might have been due to lower structural gelatin levels present in fish gelatin films. The addition of cross-linkers had little effect on tensile properties and melting temperatures of fish gelatin films. Pollock gelatin films had the lowest water vapor and oxygen permeability values, whereas mammalian gelatin films had the highest permeability values. Cross-linking resulted in lower water vapor permeability for salmon gelatin films and higher oxygen permeability for pollock gelatin films. However, all fish gelatin films had better water vapor and oxygen barrier properties than mammalian gelatin films. Also, fish gelatin films degraded faster than mammalian gelatin films. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chiou, Bor-Sen; Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J.; Jafri, Haani; Narayan, Rajnesh; Imam, Syed H.; Glenn, Greg M.; Orts, William J.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Bechtel, Peter J.] USDA ARS, SARU, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Chiou, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bschiou@pw.usda.gov NR 38 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0014-3057 J9 EUR POLYM J JI Eur. Polym. J. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 44 IS 11 BP 3748 EP 3753 DI 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.08.011 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 384CT UT WOS:000261722600043 ER PT J AU Schetelig, MF Schmid, BGM Zimowska, G Wimmer, EA AF Schetelig, Marc F. Schmid, Bernhard G. M. Zimowska, Grazyna Wimmer, Ernst A. TI Plasticity in mRNA expression and localization of orthodenticle within higher Diptera SO EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA HEAD DEVELOPMENT; BEETLE TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; SEGMENTATION GENE; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; EMPTY-SPIRACLES; WASP NASONIA; FRUIT-FLY; EVOLUTION; ANTERIOR; HOMEODOMAIN AB orthodenticle (otd) genes are found throughout the animal kingdom and encode well-studied homeodomain transcription factors that share conserved functions in cephalization, head segmentation, brain patterning, and the differentiation of photoreceptors. Otd proteins have been proposed as ancestral key players in anterior determination despite a high level of variation in gene expression at early developmental stages: otd is expressed strictly zygotically in the dipteran Drosophila melanogaster, while otd1 mRNA is contributed maternally to the embryo in the coleopteran Tribolium castaneum and maternal otd1 mRNA is localized to the anterior and posterior pole of the oocyte in the hymopteran Nasonia vitripennis. Here we demonstrate that such changes in otd mRNA expression and localization do not need to represent large phylogenetic distances but can occur even within closely related taxa. We show maternal otd expression in the medfly Ceratitis capitata and maternally localized otd mRNA in the caribfly Anastrepha suspensa, two cyclorrhaphan species closely related to Drosophila. This indicates considerable plasticity in expression and mRNA localization of key developmental genes even within short evolutionary distances. C1 [Schetelig, Marc F.; Schmid, Bernhard G. M.; Wimmer, Ernst A.] Univ Gottingen, Dept Dev Biol, Gottingen Ctr Mol Biosci, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Inst Zool & Anthropol, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Zimowska, Grazyna] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Wimmer, EA (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Dept Dev Biol, Gottingen Ctr Mol Biosci, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Inst Zool & Anthropol, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM ewimmer@gwdg.de NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1520-541X J9 EVOL DEV JI Evol. Dev. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 10 IS 6 BP 700 EP 704 PG 5 WC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 366QR UT WOS:000260499000005 PM 19021740 ER PT J AU Friedman, JM Roelle, JE Gaskin, JF Pepper, AE Manhart, JR AF Friedman, Jonathan M. Roelle, James E. Gaskin, John F. Pepper, Alan E. Manhart, James R. TI Latitudinal variation in cold hardiness in introduced Tamarix and native Populus SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE cline; cold hardiness; common garden; invasive species; Populus deltoides; Tamarix ID NORTH-AMERICA; BLACK COTTONWOOD; UNITED-STATES; SALTCEDAR; PLANT; MONTANA; TRAITS; TREES; USA; TEMPERATURE AB To investigate the evolution of clinal variation in an invasive plant, we compared cold hardiness in the introduced saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima, Tamarix chinensis, and hybrids) and the native plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera). In a shadehouse in Colorado (41 degrees N), we grew plants collected along a latitudinal gradient in the central United States (29-48 degrees N). On 17 occasions between September 2005 and June 2006, we determined killing temperatures using freeze-induced electrolyte leakage and direct observation. In midwinter, cottonwood survived cooling to -70 degrees C, while saltcedar was killed at -33 to -47 degrees C. Frost sensitivity, therefore, may limit northward expansion of saltcedar in North America. Both species demonstrated inherited latitudinal variation in cold hardiness. For example, from September through January killing temperatures for saltcedar from 29.18 degrees N were 5-21 degrees C higher than those for saltcedar from 47.60 degrees N, and on September 26 and October 11, killing temperatures for cottonwood from 33.06 degrees N were > 43 degrees C higher than those for cottonwood from 47.60 degrees N. Analysis of nine microsatellite loci showed that southern saltcedars are more closely related to T. chinensis while northern plants are more closely related to T. ramosissima. Hybridization may have introduced the genetic variability necessary for rapid evolution of the cline in saltcedar cold hardiness. C1 [Friedman, Jonathan M.; Roelle, James E.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Gaskin, John F.] USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT USA. [Pepper, Alan E.; Manhart, James R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Friedman, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM friedmanj@usgs.gov OI Gaskin, John/0000-0001-7338-3880 NR 46 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 1 IS 4 BP 598 EP 607 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00044.x PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 399ER UT WOS:000262783700003 PM 25567800 ER PT J AU Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA Evans, JJ AF Klesius, Phillip H. Shoemaker, Craig A. Evans, Joyce J. TI Flavobacterium columnare chemotaxis to channel catfish mucus SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Flavobacterium columnare; chemoattractant; fish mucus; virulence ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS WALBAUM; VIBRIO-ANGUILLARUM; RAINBOW-TROUT; SURFACE MUCUS; LOW VIRULENCE; GILL TISSUE; FISH; INFECTION; MOTILITY AB Flavobacterium columnare is a Gram-negative pathogen of many species of wild and cultured fish. Isolates from diseased channel catfish belong to either genomovar I or II. Genomovar II isolates were found to be more virulent than genomovar I isolates. The objective of the present study was to determine whether differences exist in the chemotactic response of these genomovars to mucus obtained from the skin, gills and intestines of healthy channel catfish using the capillary chemotaxis assay. Mucus from the skin and gill induced a greater chemotactic response by F. columnare than mucus from the intestine. Sixty percent of mucus from the skin of individual catfish yielded a positive chemotactic response from F. columnare. Finally, skin mucus induced a greater chemotactic response in genomovar II F. columnare than in genomovar I F. columnare isolates. The data indicate that mucus from channel catfish results in a chemotactic response by F. columnare. This positive chemotactic response may be an important first step for F. columnare colonization of channel catfish skin or gills. Although the role that chemotaxis plays in the virulence of F. columnare is not fully defined, the chemotactic response of genomovar ll isolates suggests that chemotaxis is associated with virulence. C1 [Klesius, Phillip H.; Shoemaker, Craig A.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. [Evans, Joyce J.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD USA. RP Klesius, PH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. EM phillip.klesius@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 288 IS 2 BP 216 EP 220 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01348.x PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 359UR UT WOS:000260014100011 PM 18801048 ER PT J AU Dunham, J Baxter, C Fausch, K Fredenberg, W Kitano, S Koizumi, I Morita, K Nakamura, T Rieman, B Savvaitova, K Stanford, J Taylor, E Yamamoto, S AF Dunham, Jason Baxter, Colden Fausch, Kurt Fredenberg, Wade Kitano, Satoshi Koizumi, Itsuro Morita, Kentaro Nakamura, Tomoyuki Rieman, Bruce Savvaitova, Ksenia Stanford, Jack Taylor, Eric Yamamoto, Shoichiro TI Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation of Dolly Varden, White-spotted Char, and Bull Trout SO FISHERIES LA English DT Review ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCES; FORAGING MODE SHIFT; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; BROOK TROUT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; METAPOPULATION STRUCTURE; NORTH-AMERICA; RIVER-BASIN; INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION AB We review the ecology and conservation of three lesser-known chars (genus Salvelinus): Dolly Varden (S. malma), white-spotted char (S. lueomaeriis), and bull trout (S. confluentus). Dolly Varden is distributed across the northern Pacific Rim and co-occurs with bull trout and white-spotted char at the Southern extremes of its range. In contrast, bull trout and white-spotted char are naturally isolated, with the former restricted to North America and the latter distributed in northeastern Asia. Though the range of Dolly Varden overlaps with the two other chars, it is most closely related to Arctic char (S. alpinus), whereas bull trout and white-spotted char are sister taxa. Each species exhibits diverse life histories with respect to demographic characteristics, trophic ecology, and movement. This diversity appears to be tied to environmental variability (e.g., temperature, habitat connectivity), resource availability (e.g., food), and species interactions. Increasingly, these interactions involve nonnative species including normative salmonines and changes in food webs related to establishment of species Such as Mysis shrimp in large lakes. As humans expand into the remote and pristine habitats hat Support these three chars, we encourage proactive consideration of the lessons learned where chars have already declined and internationally-based research and conservation. C1 [Dunham, Jason] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. [Baxter, Colden] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Fausch, Kurt] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Fredenberg, Wade] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kalispell, MT USA. [Kitano, Satoshi] Nagano Environm Conservat Res Inst Kitago, Nagano, Japan. [Koizumi, Itsuro] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Sci, Div Environm Sci Dev, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Morita, Kentaro] Fisheries Res Agcy, Hokkaido Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Kushiro, Hokkaido, Japan. [Nakamura, Tomoyuki; Yamamoto, Shoichiro] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Nikko, Tochigi, Japan. [Rieman, Bruce] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Seeley Lake, MT USA. [Savvaitova, Ksenia] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. [Stanford, Jack] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Taylor, Eric] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Dunham, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. RI Koizumi, Itsuro/D-4222-2009; Fausch, Kurt/A-8849-2010; Morita, Kentaro/G-2578-2015 OI Morita, Kentaro/0000-0002-7803-2438 NR 129 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV PY 2008 VL 33 IS 11 BP 537 EP 550 DI 10.1577/1548-8446-33.11.537 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 387ZD UT WOS:000261989200005 ER PT J AU Plotto, A Margaria, CA Goodner, KL Baldwin, EA AF Plotto, Anne Margaria, Carlos A. Goodner, Kevin L. Baldwin, Elizabeth A. TI Odour and flavour thresholds for key aroma components in an orange juice matrix: esters and miscellaneous compounds SO FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE volatiles; threshold; orange juice; interactions; aroma; flavour; esters; aldehydes ID CHARACTER IMPACT ODORANTS; VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FRESH; MIXTURES; STORAGE; IDENTIFICATION; PERCEPTION; QUALITIES AB Thresholds for flavour volatiles have been traditionally calculated in water or air but they may vary widely in more complex matrices such as milk, gels or fruit slurries. The data presented are part of a continuing study to provide the industry with threshold guidelines more adequate for the use of flavours in citrus juices. Thresholds of aroma compounds of orange juice (OJ) were determined in reconstituted pump-out (RPO), approaching a deodorized OJ matrix and served at 10-12 degrees C, the temperature at which OJ is consumed. The three-alternative forced choice (3-AFC) method was used (ASTM: E-679). Sixteen to twenty panelists were presented with RPO samples arranged in five rows of three samples corresponding to five spiking levels, each separated by a factor of 3, with a 3-AFC presentation at each level. For each compound, the test was repeated four times. Compounds tested were verified for purity by GC-MS and GC-O. Orthonasal and retronasal thresholds for esters were twice (methyl butanoate) to 30 times (ethyl propanoate) higher in the orange juice matrix than published values in water. The odour activity values (OAVs) of volatile compounds were calculated for two OJs; nine compounds had an orthonasal OAV < 1 when using thresholds determined in RPO, while in contrast, these compounds had an OAV > 1 when calculated with published thresholds determined in water. The relative OAV of some compounds had changed with respect to each other, indicating a different contribution of these compounds to OJ flavour when their OAV was calculated in RPO. These results show the importance of non-water-soluble compounds on odour and flavour perception. The threshold values provided herein are directly usable by the industry, in comparison with the current values published in water, and will help in developing models that would explain OJ flavour based on interactions with the matrix. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Plotto, Anne; Baldwin, Elizabeth A.] USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Margaria, Carlos A.] US Distilled Prod, Princeton, MN 55371 USA. [Goodner, Kevin L.] Sensus LLC, Hamilton, OH 45011 USA. RP Plotto, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM anne.plotto@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 47 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0882-5734 J9 FLAVOUR FRAG J JI Flavour Frag. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 6 BP 398 EP 406 DI 10.1002/ffj.1888 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 375LV UT WOS:000261116300004 ER PT J AU Huang, WN Yu, SD Zou, QB Tilley, M AF Huang, Weining Yu, Shengdi Zou, Qibo Tilley, Michael TI Effects of frying conditions and yeast fermentation on the acrylamide content in you-tiao, a traditional Chinese, fried, twisted dough-roll SO FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Forum on Cereal Science CY OCT 18-21, 2006 CL Wuxi, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Assoc Cereal Sci & Technol, Chinese Cereals & Oils Assoc, Jiangnan Univ, Agr & Agri Food Cancad DE Fried; Twisted dough-roll; Acrylamide; Frying factors; Yeast fermentation; You-tiao ID MAILLARD REACTION; HEATED FOODSTUFFS; WHEAT BREAD; TEMPERATURE; ASPARAGINE; TIME; PRODUCTS; GLYCINE AB The effects of frying temperature, frying time, and dough pH on the formation of acrylamide in the processing of you-tiao, a traditional Chinese, fried, twisted dough-roll, were analyzed using response surface methodology. The results obtained showed that the frying time and temperature as well as dough pH had a notable impact on the formation of acrylamide in the products. It was demonstrated that lowering the frying temperature to 175 degrees C, prolonging the frying time to 86 s, and adjusting the dough pH to 6.0 with citric acid reduced the acrylamide content by 71% in the finished products. An examination of the influence of yeast fermentation on the free asparagine and reducing sugars revealed that the addition of 0.8% yeast fermented for one hour could reduce the amount of acrylamide formed in the fried. twisted dough-roll by 66.7%. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Weining; Yu, Shengdi] Jiangnan Univ, State Key Lab Food Sci & Technol, Sch Food Sci & Technol, Int Exchange & Cooperat Program, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zou, Qibo] Fortune Bakery Co Ltd, Zhangjiagang 215634, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Tilley, Michael] USDA ARS Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Huang, WN (reprint author), Jiangnan Univ, State Key Lab Food Sci & Technol, Sch Food Sci & Technol, Int Exchange & Cooperat Program, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM wnhuang@jiangnan.edu.cn NR 20 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9969 J9 FOOD RES INT JI Food Res. Int. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 41 IS 9 SI SI BP 918 EP 923 DI 10.1016/j.foodres.2008.07.023 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 373DF UT WOS:000260950500009 ER PT J AU Onwulata, CI Flora, LF Kramer, WH AF Onwulata, Charles I. Flora, L. Frank Kramer, Wendy H. TI GLOBAL OPPORTUNITIES in Agri-food Science & Technology SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL-RESEARCH; INVESTMENT C1 [Onwulata, Charles I.; Kramer, Wendy H.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Flora, L. Frank] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Onwulata, CI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM charles.onwulata@ars.usda.gov; frank.flora@ars.usda.gov; wendy.kramer@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 62 IS 11 BP 40 EP 47 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 377AB UT WOS:000261223000011 ER PT J AU Green, DW Gorman, TM Evans, JW Murphy, JF Hatfield, CA AF Green, David W. Gorman, Thomas M. Evans, James W. Murphy, Joseph F. Hatfield, Cherilyn A. TI Grading and properties of small-diameter Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine tapered logs SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL LUMBER; TIMBERS AB Approximately 375 Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine logs, 3 to 6 inches in diameter, were tested in third-point bending and ill compression parallel to the grain. The moisture content at time of test was about 14 percent. Good correlations were found between the Modulus of elasticity (MOE) ill static bending and those obtained by transverse vibration. Good correlations Were also found between modulus Of rupture (MOR) and MOE. A species independent relationship was established between ultimate compression stress parallel to the grain and MOR. A mechanical grading system previously developed for 9-inch diameter logs was shown applicable to small-diameter logs. C1 [Green, David W.; Evans, James W.; Murphy, Joseph F.; Hatfield, Cherilyn A.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Gorman, Thomas M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Prod, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Green, DW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM levangreen@hughes.net; tgorman@uidaho.edu; jwevans@fs.fed.us; jfmurphy@fs.fed.us; cahatfield@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 58 IS 11 BP 33 EP 41 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 382YW UT WOS:000261642300003 ER PT J AU Chen, ZJ White, MS Keena, MA Poland, TM Clark, EL AF Chen, Zhangjing White, Marshall S. Keena, Melody A. Poland, Therese M. Clark, Erin L. TI Evaluation of vacuum technology to kill larvae of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), and the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in wood SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE TIME; UNITED-STATES; WATER-LOSS; INSECTS; TEMPERATURE; DESICCATION; TOLERANCE; MORTALITY AB The potential for using vacuum technology to kill larvae of the Asian longhorned beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), and emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in solid-wood packing materials (SWPM) and other wood products was assessed. Current regulations require that SWPM be heat treated or fumigated prior to export. Vacuum treatment may be a cost-effective and an energy-efficient alternative that eliminates environmental concerns associated With chemicals Used in fumigation. Low pressure, achieved by applying a vacuum to a system, imposes a controlled atmosphere and desiccating environment that results in death of wood-infesting insects. Larval ALB and EAB, either exposed directly to vacuum or inserted into wood at various Moisture levels, were subjected to different temperatures and pressures to determine desiccation rates and lethal percentage weight loss. Some ALB and EAB larvae died at 26 percent weight loss, and all were dead at 40 percent weight loss. Desiccation under low-pressure vacuum also killed ALB pupae and eggs. The desiccation rates of both ALB and EAB larvae under vacuum were constant until death, but decreased as larvae approached complete desiccation (approximately 60 percent weight loss). ALB larvae lost weight faster than EAB larvae at 20 mmHg and 20 degrees C (3.35% weight loss per hour and 2.39 percent, respectively). Lethal Vacuum time at 40 percent weight loss was estimated to be 13.2 hours and 18.5 hours, respectively, for exposed ALB and EAB larvae treated at 20 mmHg and 20 degrees C. Under the same vacuum conditions, lethal time was estimated to be approximately 51.4 hours and 44.8 hours, respectively for ALB and EAB inserted into wood blocks with 16.6 to 21.6 percent moisture content. Temperature, pressure, and relative humidity affected desiccation rate. Larvae desiccated slower with decreasing temperature, increasing pressure, and increasing internal Wood Moisture. C1 [Chen, Zhangjing; White, Marshall S.] Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Keena, Melody A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Hamden, CT USA. [Poland, Therese M.; Clark, Erin L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Chen, ZJ (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM chengo@vt.edu; mswhite@vt.edu; mkeena@fs.fed.us; tpoland@fs.fed.us; EClark1@UNBC.ca NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 58 IS 11 BP 87 EP 93 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 382YW UT WOS:000261642300011 ER PT J AU Swanson, FJ Goodrich, C Moore, KD AF Swanson, Frederick J. Goodrich, Charles Moore, Kathleen Dean TI Bridging boundaries: scientists, creative writers, and the long view of the forest SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article AB The Long-Term Ecological Reflections program brings together ecologists, creative writers, and philosophers at sites of long-term ecological research to advance understanding of ecological change and of our evolving relationship with the natural world. Developed as an analog to the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program sponsored by the National Science Foundation, the Reflections program attempts to bridge the sciences and humanities in places like the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest LTER site (Oregon) and Mount St Helens (Washington State), where participants reflect, share ideas, and write. Records of these reflections are posted as primary, raw data (eg journal entries and video interviews) on a webpage, and completed works are published in widely circulated journals. This growing body of material demonstrates the importance of taking the long view in building ecological knowledge. The writings display the value of metaphor and story in communicating such knowledge to the public. C1 [Swanson, Frederick J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. [Goodrich, Charles; Moore, Kathleen Dean] Oregon State Univ, Dept Philosophy, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Swanson, FJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. EM fswanson@fs.fed.us FU NSF [DEB-02-18088] FX We thank F Dolp for the vision to begin the Spring Creek Project, J Sedell for the vision that has become the Reflections program, J Laurence and J Sedell (USDA Forest Service) for continuing support from the Pacific Northwest and Pacific Southwest Research Stations, staff of the Andrews Forest, C Crisafulli and staff of the Mount St Helens National Volcanic Monument, Gifford Pinchot National Forest, M FUrniss for documentation of events, and the Andrews Forest Long-Term Ecological Research Program, supported by NSF grant DEB-02-18088. S Greene, S Johnson, and J Jones provided helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 6 IS 9 BP 499 EP 504 DI 10.1890/070076 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 370ZE UT WOS:000260800800021 ER PT J AU Campbell, M Segear, E Beers, L Knauber, D Suttle, J AF Campbell, Michael Segear, Erika Beers, Lee Knauber, Donna Suttle, Jeffrey TI Dormancy in potato tuber meristems: chemically induced cessation in dormancy matches the natural process based on transcript profiles SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE potato; tuber; meristem; dormancy; microarray; bromoethane; Solanum tuberosum ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; GENE-EXPRESSION; ABSCISIC-ACID; SPROUT GROWTH; ABA CONTENT; PROTEASE; BIOSYNTHESIS; INVOLVEMENT; CELL; LIPOXYGENASE AB Meristem dormancy in perennial plants is a developmental process that results in repression of metabolism and growth. The cessation of dormancy results in rapid growth and should be associated with the production of nascent transcripts that encode for gene products controlling for cell division and growth. Dormancy cessation was allowed to progress normally or was chemically induced using bromoethane (BE), and microarray analysis was used to demonstrate changes in specific transcripts in response to dormancy cessation before a significant increase in cell division. Comparison of normal dormancy cessation to BE-induced dormancy cessation revealed a commonality in both up and downregulated transcripts. Many transcripts that decrease as dormancy terminates are inducible by abscisic acid particularly in the conserved BURP domain proteins, which include the RD22 class of proteins and in the storage protein patatin. Transcripts that are associated with an increase in expression encoded for proteins in the oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase family. We conclude that BE-induced cessation of dormancy initiates transcript profiles similar to the natural processes that control dormancy. C1 [Campbell, Michael; Segear, Erika; Beers, Lee] Penn State Erie, Sch Sci, Erie, PA USA. [Knauber, Donna; Suttle, Jeffrey] ARS, USDA, Sugarbeet & Potato Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND USA. RP Campbell, M (reprint author), Penn State Erie, Sch Sci, Erie, PA USA. EM mac17@psu.edu NR 46 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD NOV PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 317 EP 328 DI 10.1007/s10142-008-0079-6 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 348ZE UT WOS:000259247800002 PM 18317824 ER PT J AU Choi, JJ Alkharouf, NW Schneider, KT Matthews, BF Frederick, RD AF Choi, J. J. Alkharouf, N. W. Schneider, K. T. Matthews, B. F. Frederick, R. D. TI Expression patterns in soybean resistant to Phakopsora pachyrhizi reveal the importance of peroxidases and lipoxygenases SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE soybean rust; Phakopsora pachyrhizi; resistance; immune reaction; microarray analysis ID PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; OXIDATIVE CROSS-LINKING; DEFENSE-RELATED GENES; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; CYST-NEMATODE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; REACTIVE OXYGEN; RUST INFECTION; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION AB Soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow is a devastating foliar disease that has spread to most soybean growing regions throughout the world, including the USA. Four independent rust resistance genes, Rpp1-Rpp4, have been identified in soybean that recognize specific isolates of P. pachyrhizi. A suppressive subtraction hybridization (SSH) complementary DNA (cDNA) library was constructed from the soybean accession PI200492, which contains Rpp1, after inoculation with two different isolates of P. pachyrhizi that result in susceptible or immune reactions. Both forward and reverse SSH were performed using cDNA from messenger RNA pooled from 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h post-inoculation. A total of 1,728 SSH clones were sequenced and compared to sequences in GenBank for similarity. Microarray analyses were conducted on a custom 7883 soybean-cDNA clone array encompassing all of the soybean-rust SSH clones and expressed sequence tags from four other soybean cDNA libraries. Results of the microarray revealed 558 cDNA clones differentially expressed in the immune reaction. The majority of the upregulated cDNA clones fell into the functional category of defense. In particular, cDNA clones with similarity to peroxidases and lipoxygenases were prevalent. Downregulated cDNA clones included those with similarity to cell-wall-associated protein, such as extensins, proline-rich proteins, and xyloglucan endotransglycosylases. C1 [Choi, J. J.; Schneider, K. T.; Frederick, R. D.] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Alkharouf, N. W.] Towson Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Matthews, B. F.] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Frederick, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM janechoidoan@hotmail.com; nalkharouf@towson.edu; katherine.schneider@ars.usda.gov; ben.matthews@ars.usda.gov; reid.frederick@ars.usda.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 FU United Soybean Board [2229, 3217, 4217]; USDA National Strategic Plan for the Coordination and Integration of Soybean Rust Research; US Department of Agriculture FX We gratefully acknowledge Christine Stone and Craig Austin for maintenance and propagation of P. Pachyrhizi isolates and with the inoculations. We also would like to thank Hunter Beard for microarray slide spotting and technical expertise. This project was funded in part by the United Soybean Board as Projects 2229, 3217, and 4217 and supports the goals of the USDA National Strategic Plan for the Coordination and Integration of Soybean Rust Research. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 81 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD NOV PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 341 EP 359 DI 10.1007/s10142-008-0080-0 PG 19 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 348ZE UT WOS:000259247800004 PM 18414911 ER PT J AU Kaur, P Larson, SR Bushman, BS Wang, RRC Mott, IW Hole, D Thimmapuram, J Gong, G Liu, L AF Kaur, Parminder Larson, Steven R. Bushman, B. Shaun Wang, Richard R. -C. Mott, Ivan W. Hole, David Thimmapuram, Jyothi Gong, George Liu, Lei TI Genes controlling plant growth habit in Leymus (Triticeae): maize barren stalk1 (ba1), rice lax panicle, and wheat tiller inhibition (tin3) genes as possible candidates SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE addition lines; growth habit; comparative genomics; tillers; rhizomes; perennial triticeae ID SODIC DRAINAGE WATER; B-GENOME CHROMOSOMES; LINKAGE MAPS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; DRAFT SEQUENCE; ADDITION LINES; BARLEY GENOME; SSR MARKERS; DNA; RECOMBINATION AB Leymus cinereus and L. triticoides are large caespitose and rhizomatous perennial grasses, respectively. Previous studies detected quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling rhizome spreading near the viviparous1 (vp1) gene markers on linkage groups LG3a and LG3b in two families, TTC1 and TTC2, derived from Leymus triticoides x Leymus cinereus hybrids. The wheat tiller inhibition gene (tin3) is located on Triticum monococcum chromosome 3 A(m)L near vp1. Triticeae group 3 is reportedly collinear with rice chromosome 1, which also contains the maize barren stalk1 and rice lax branching orthogene near vp1. However, previous studies lacked cross-species markers for comparative mapping and showed possible rearrangements of Leymus group 3 in wheat-Leymus racemosus chromosome addition lines. Here, we developed expressed sequence tag (EST) markers from Leymus tiller and rhizomes and mapped sequences aligned to rice chromosome 1. Thirty-eight of 44 informative markers detected loci on Leymus LG3a and LG3b that were collinear with homoeologous sequences on rice chromosome 1 and syntenous in homoeologous group 3 wheat-Leymus and wheat-Thinopyrum addition lines. A SCARECROW-like GRAS-family transcription factor candidate gene was identified in the Leymus EST library, which aligns to the Leymus chromosome group 3 growth habit QTL and a 324-kb rice chromosome 1 region thought to contain the wheat tin3 gene. C1 [Larson, Steven R.; Bushman, B. Shaun; Wang, Richard R. -C.; Mott, Ivan W.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Kaur, Parminder; Hole, David] Utah State Univ, Plants Soils & Climate Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Thimmapuram, Jyothi; Gong, George; Liu, Lei] Univ Illinois, Roy J Carver Biotechnol Ctr, WM Keck Ctr Comparat & Funct Genom, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Larson, SR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Steve.Larson@ars.usda.gov RI Hole, David/A-7173-2008 OI Hole, David/0000-0003-1325-3181 NR 48 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 14 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD NOV PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 375 EP 386 DI 10.1007/s10142-008-0085-8 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 348ZE UT WOS:000259247800006 PM 18543009 ER PT J AU Hiett, KL Stintzi, A Andacht, TM Kuntz, RL Seal, BS AF Hiett, Kelli L. Stintzi, Alain Andacht, Tracy M. Kuntz, Robin L. Seal, Bruce S. TI Genomic differences between Campylobacter jejuni isolates identify surface membrane and flagellar function gene products potentially important for colonizing the chicken intestine SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE food-borne bacteria; bacterial genome; intestinal colonization; zoonoses ID SUPPRESSION SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; FIBRONECTIN-BINDING PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; IRON ACQUISITION; CLINICAL ISOLATE; COLONIZATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Campylobacter spp. are one of the leading bacterial etiologic agents of acute human gastroenteritis among industrialized countries. Poultry are implicated as a major source of the organism for human illness; however, the factors involved with colonization of poultry gastrointestinal systems remain unclear. Genomics and proteomics analyses were used to identify differences between poor- versus robust-colonizing Campylobacter jejuni isolates, 11168(GS) and A74/C, respectively. Sequence analyses of subtracted DNA resulted in A74/C-specifc genes similar to a dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, a serine protease, polysaccharide modification proteins, and restriction modification proteins. DNA microarray analyses were performed for comparison of A74/C to the complete genome sequences published for two C. jejuni. A total of 114 genes (7.1%) were determined absent from A74/C relative to those genomes. Additionally, proteomics was completed on both soluble and membrane protein extracts from 11168(GS) and A74/C. Variation in protein expression and physical characteristics such as pI was detected between the two isolates that included the major outer membrane protein, flagella, and aconitate hydratase. Several proteins including cysteine synthase and a Ni/Fe hydrogenase were determined to be differentially present between the two isolates. Finally, DNA hybridization analyses of 19 C. jejuni isolates recovered from chickens and humans worldwide over the past 20 years were performed to determine the distribution of a subset of differentially identified gene sequences. C1 [Hiett, Kelli L.; Kuntz, Robin L.; Seal, Bruce S.] ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Stintzi, Alain] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biochem Microbiol & Immunol, Ottawa Inst Syst Biol, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. [Andacht, Tracy M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hiett, KL (reprint author), ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, USDA, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM kelli.hiett@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service ARS; USDA CRIS [6612-3200-055-00D]; NIH [AI055612] FX Funding was provided by the Agricultural Research Service ARS, USDA CRIS project no. 6612-3200-055-00D and NIH-AI055612. Appreciation is extended to Ms. Marie Maier for excellent technical assistance at PMSRU, RRC, ARS, USDA. NR 88 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD NOV PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 407 EP 420 DI 10.1007/s10142-008-0087-6 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 348ZE UT WOS:000259247800008 PM 18592283 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, K Ward, TJ Aberra, D Kistler, HC Aoki, T Orwig, N Kimura, M Bjornstad, A Klemsdal, SS AF O'Donnell, Kerry Ward, Todd J. Aberra, Dereje Kistler, H. Corby Aoki, Takayuki Orwig, Nathane Kimura, Makoto Bjornstad, Asmund Klemsdal, Sonja S. TI Multilocus genotyping and molecular phylogenetics resolve a novel head blight pathogen within the Fusarium graminearum species complex from Ethiopia SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Deoxynivalenol; 15ADON; Fusarium head blight; Genealogical concordance; Mycotoxin; Nivalenol; Phylogeny; Reciprocal monophyly; Species limits; Trichothecene ID GENE GENEALOGIES; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; CRYPTIC SPECIATION; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; SP NOV.; COCCIDIOIDES-IMMITIS; MODEL EUKARYOTE; UNITED-STATES; WHEAT SPIKES; FUNGUS AB A survey of Fusarium head blight (FHB)-contaminated wheat in Ethiopia recovered 31 isolates resembling members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex. Results of a multilocus genotyping (MLGT) assay for FHB species and trichothecene chemotype determination suggested that 22 of these isolates might represent a new species within the Fg complex. Phylogenetic analyses of multilocus DNA sequence data resolved the 22 Ethiopian isolates as a novel, phylogenetically distinct species. The new species also appears to be novel in that MLGT probe data and sequence analysis of both ends of the TRI-cluster identified 15ADON and NIV recombination blocks, documenting inter-chemotype recombination involving the chemotype-determining genes near the ends of the TRI-cluster. Results of pathogenicity experiments and analyses of trichothecene mycotoxins demonstrated that this novel Fg complex species could induce FHB on wheat and elaborate 15ADON in planta. Herein the FHB pathogen from Ethiopia is formally described as a novel species. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [O'Donnell, Kerry; Ward, Todd J.; Orwig, Nathane] ARS, Microbial Genom Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Aberra, Dereje; Bjornstad, Asmund; Klemsdal, Sonja S.] Bioforsk Norwegian Insititue Agr & Environm Res, Hogskoleveien, Norway. [Kistler, H. Corby] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kistler, H. Corby] ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Aoki, Takayuki] NIAS, NIAS Genebank Microorganisms Sect MAFF, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. [Kimura, Makoto] RIKEN, DRI, Plant & Microbial Metab Engn Res Unit, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. RP O'Donnell, K (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Genom Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kerry.odonnell@ars.usda.gov RI KIMURA, Makoto/I-6906-2014 OI KIMURA, Makoto/0000-0001-5310-2893 NR 68 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1514 EP 1522 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2008.09.002 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 376ZB UT WOS:000261220400008 PM 18824240 ER PT J AU Bassil, NV Gilmore, B Oliphant, JM Hummer, KE Henning, JA AF Bassil, Nahla V. Gilmore, B. Oliphant, J. M. Hummer, K. E. Henning, J. A. TI Genic SSRs for European and North American hop (Humulus lupulus L.) SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE functional SSRs; Humulus lupulus; microsatellite; sequence tagged sites (STS); Simple Sequence Repeats ID CHALCONE SYNTHASE HOMOLOGS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; WILD HOPS; MICROSATELLITES; DNA; MARKERS; EXPRESSION; STS AB Eight genic SSR loci were evaluated for genetic diversity assessment and genotype identification in Humulus lupulus L. from Europe and North America. Genetic diversity, as measured by three diversity indices, was significantly lower in European cultivars than in North American wild accessions. Neighbor Joining cluster analysis separated the hop genotypes into European and North American groups. These eight SSRs were useful in uniquely identifying each accession with the exception of two sets of European landraces and a pair of Japanese cultivars, 'Shinshuwase' and 'Kirin II'. An accession from Manitoba grouped with the European (EU) cluster reflecting the group's genetic similarity to older Manitoba germplasm used to develop 'Brewer's Gold' and the gene pool arising from this cultivar. Cultivars grouped closely with one of their immediate parents. 'Perle' grouped with its parent 'Northern Brewer and 'Willamette' grouped with its parent 'Fuggle H'. Wild American accessions were divided into two subgroups: a North Central group containing mostly H. lupulus var. lupuloides and a Southwestern group containing H. lupulus var. neomexicanus accessions. These eight SSRs will be valuable for genotype identification in European and wild American germplasm and may potentially prove useful for marker-assisted selection in hop. PCR products from four previously reported primer pairs that amplify the same intronic SSR regions as do the genic SSRs in this study were compared in eight common cultivars. Different primer pairs generated robust markers at the chs2 and chi loci. However, only the HLC-004B and HLC-006 primer pairs amplified successfully at the chs3 and chs4 loci. C1 [Bassil, Nahla V.; Gilmore, B.; Oliphant, J. M.; Hummer, K. E.] ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Henning, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Forage Seed Res Ctr NFSPRC, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bassil, NV (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM nbassil@ars-grin.gov FU USDA-ARS [CRIS 5358-150-033-00D] FX We thank laboratory technicians April Nyberg and Isabela Mackey for data entry and PCR. This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS 5358-150-033-00D. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 55 IS 7 BP 959 EP 969 DI 10.1007/s10722-007-9303-9 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 357QS UT WOS:000259861800005 ER PT J AU Iovene, M Wielgus, SM Simon, PW Buell, CR Jiang, JM AF Iovene, Marina Wielgus, Susan M. Simon, Philipp W. Buell, C. Robin Jiang, Jiming TI Chromatin Structure and Physical Mapping of Chromosome 6 of Potato and Comparative Analyses With Tomato SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; BACTERIAL ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOMES; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; CYTOGENETIC MAP; PACHYTENE CHROMOSOMES; GENETIC-RECOMBINATION; LINKAGE MAPS; BAC LIBRARY; RFLP MAPS; GENOME AB Potato (Solanum tuberosum) has the densest genetic linkage map and one of the earliest established cytogenetic maps among all plant species. However, there has been limited effort to integrate these maps. Here, we report fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) mapping of 30 genetic marker-anchored bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones on the pachytene chromosome 6 of potato. The FISH mapping results allowed us to define the genetic positions of the centromere and the pericentromeric heterochromatin and to relate chromatin structure to the distribution of recombination along the chromosome. A drastic reduction of recombination was associated with the pericentrometric heterochromatin that accounts for similar to 28% of the physical length of the pachytene chromosome. The pachytene chromosomes 6 of potato and tomato (S. lycopersicum) share a similar morphology. However, distinct differences of heterochromatin distribution were observed between the two chromosomes. FISH mapping of several potato BACs on tomato pachytene chromosome 6 revealed all overall colinearity between the two chromosomes. A chromosome inversion was observed in the euchromatic region of the short arms. These results show that the potato and tomato genomes contain more chromosomal rearrangements than those reported previously on the basis of comparative genetic linkage mapping. C1 [Iovene, Marina; Wielgus, Susan M.; Jiang, Jiming] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Simon, Philipp W.] ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Buell, C. Robin] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Jiang, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jjiang1@wise.edu RI Jiang, Jiming/A-9614-2009 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0604907] FX We thank Brian Yandell for his help on statistical analysis of the pachytene chromosome condensation pattern. This work was supported by grant DBI-0604907 from the National Science Foundation. The RHPOTKEY library was provided by the Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University Wageningen, The Netherlands), Applied Science Foundation STW (Utrecht, The Netherlands), and Keygene N.V Wageningen,The Netherlands). NR 39 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 6 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD NOV PY 2008 VL 180 IS 3 BP 1307 EP 1317 DI 10.1534/genetics.108.093179 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 374IE UT WOS:000261036200004 PM 18791232 ER PT J AU Blanvillain, R Boavida, LC McCormick, S Ow, DW AF Blanvillain, Robert Boavida, Leonor C. McCormick, Sheila Ow, David W. TI EXPORTIN1 Genes Are Essential for Development and Function of the Gametophytes in Arabidopsis thaliana SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR EXPORT; FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE; POLLEN TRANSCRIPTOME; MATERNAL CONTROL; PLANTS; PROTEINS; GENOME; CRM1; REPRODUCTION; EXPRESSION AB Gametes are produced in plants through mitotic divisions in the haploid gametophytes. We investigated the role of EXPORTIN1 (XPO1) genes during the development of both female and male gametophytes of Arabidopsis. Exportins exclude target proteins from the nucleus and are also part of a complex recruited at the kinetochores during mitosis. Here we show that double mutants in Arabidopsis XPO1A and XPO1B are gametophytic defective. In homozygous-heterozygous plants, 50% of the ovules were arrested at different stages according to the parental genotype. Double-mutant female gametophytes of xpo1a-3/+; xpo1b-1/+ xpo1b-1 plants failed to undergo all the mitotic divisions or failed to complete embryo sac maturation. Double-mutant female gametophytes of xpo1a-3/xpo1a-3; xpo1b-1/+ plants had normal mitotic divisions and fertilization occurred; in most of these embryo sacs the endosperm started to divide but an embryo failed to develop. Distortions in male transmission correlated with the occurrence of smaller pollen grains, poor pollen germination, and shorter pollen tubes. Our results show that mitotic divisions are possible without XPO1 during the haploid phase, but that XPO1 is crucial for the maternal-to-embryonic transition. C1 [Ow, David W.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ow, DW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM dow@berkeley.edu RI Boavida, Leonor/A-5722-2011 OI Boavida, Leonor/0000-0001-6555-0685 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [5335-21000-031-00 D, 5335-21000-030-00 D] FX We thank A. Huang and Y. Zeng for technical assistance, F. Berger for critical reading, D. Ehrhardt for pEZS, the Salk Institute for Biological Studies for insertion lines, and the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center for seed stocks. Funded by U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service projects 5335-21000-031-00 D (to D.W.O) and 5335-21000-030-00 D (to S.M.) NR 32 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD NOV PY 2008 VL 180 IS 3 BP 1493 EP 1500 DI 10.1534/genetics.108.094896 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 374IE UT WOS:000261036200019 PM 18791220 ER PT J AU Parker, C Simon, A Thorne, CR AF Parker, Chris Simon, Andrew Thorne, Colin R. TI The effects of variability in bank material properties on riverbank stability: Goodwin Creek, Mississippi SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bank erosion; Bank stability model; Model uncertainty; Variability; Monte Carlo ID PORE-WATER PRESSURE; STREAMBANK STABILITY; SIEVE RIVER; SLOPE; CHANNEL; SOILS; MODEL AB Bank retreat is an important area of research within fluvial geomorphology and is a land management problem of global significance. The Yazoo River Basin in Mississippi is one example of a system which is experiencing excessive erosion and bank instability. The properties of bank materials are important in controlling the stability of stream banks and past studies have found that these properties are often variable spatially. Through an investigation of bank material properties on a stretch of Goodwin Creek in the Yazoo Basin, Mississippi, this study focuses on: i) how and why effective bank material properties vary through different scales; ii) how this variation impacts on the outputs from a bank stability model; and iii) how best to appropriately represent this variability within a bank stability model. The study demonstrates the importance that the variability of effective bank material properties has on bank stability: at both the micro-scale within a site, and at the meso-scale between sites in a reach. This variability was shown to have important implications for the usage of the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM), a deterministic bank stability model that currently uses a single value to describe each bank material property. As a result, a probabilistic representation of effective bank material strength parameters is recommended as a potential solution for any bank stability model that wishes to account for the important influence of the inherent variability of soil properties. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Parker, Chris; Thorne, Colin R.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Simon, Andrew] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. RP Parker, C (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Univ Pk, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. EM lgxcp4@nottingham.ac.uk NR 40 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 533 EP 543 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.02.007 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 372JE UT WOS:000260897100001 ER PT J AU Zreda, M Desilets, D Ferre, TPA Scott, RL AF Zreda, Marek Desilets, Darin Ferre, T. P. A. Scott, Russell L. TI Measuring soil moisture content non-invasively at intermediate spatial scale using cosmic-ray neutrons SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SENSITIVITY; WATER; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; HYDROLOGY; EARTH AB Soil moisture content on a horizontal scale of hectometers and at depths of decimeters can be inferred from measurements of low-energy cosmic-ray neutrons that are generated within soil, moderated mainly by hydrogen atoms, and diffused back to the atmosphere. These neutrons are sensitive to water content changes, but largely insensitive to variations in soil chemistry, and their intensity above the surface is inversely correlated with hydrogen content of the soil. The management with a portable neutron detector placed a few meters above the ground takes minutes to hours, permitting high-resolution, long-term monitoring of undistributed soil moisture conditions. The large footprint makes the method suitable for weather and short-term climate forecast intialization and for calibration of satellite sensors, and the measurement a-depth makes the probe ideal for studies of plant/soil interaction and atmosphere/soil exchange. Citation: Zreda, M., D. Desilets, T. P. A. Ferre, and R. L. Scott (2008), Measuring soil moisture content non-invasively at intermediate spatial scale using cosmic-ray neutrons, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L21402, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035655. C1 [Zreda, Marek; Desilets, Darin; Ferre, T. P. A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Scott, Russell L.] ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Zreda, M (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM marek@hwr.arizona.edu FU National Science Foundation [EAR-01-26241, EAR-06-36110]; Army Research Office [43857-EV]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation [95-1832] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grants EAR-01-26241 and EAR-06-36110), the Army Research Office (grant 43857-EV), and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation (Fellowship for Science and Engineering 95-1832). NR 26 TC 104 Z9 107 U1 8 U2 45 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 21 AR L21402 DI 10.1029/2008GL035655 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 368BZ UT WOS:000260597600003 ER PT J AU Lenihan, JM Bachelet, D Neilson, RP Drapek, R AF Lenihan, James M. Bachelet, Dominique Neilson, Ronald P. Drapek, Raymond TI Simulated response of conterminous United States ecosystems to climate change at different levels of fire suppression, CO2 emission rate, and growth response to CO2 SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE climate change; biogeography; carbon; CO2 effect; fire suppression; MC1 DGVM ID VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS; ELEVATED CO2; CARBON; PRODUCTIVITY; VARIABILITY; DISTURBANCE; CALIFORNIA; SOUTHWEST; DYNAMICS AB A modeling experiment was designed to investigate the impact of fire management, CO2 emission rate. and the growth response to CO2 on the response of ecosystems in the conterminous United States to climate scenarios produced by three different General Circulation Models (GCMs) as simulated by the MC1 Dynamic General Vegetation Model (DGVM). Distinct regional trends in response to projected climatic change were evident across all combinations of the experimental factors. In the eastern half of the U.S., the average response to relatively large increases in temperature and decreases in precipitation was an 11% loss of total ecosystem carbon. In the West, the response to increases in precipitation and relatively small increases in temperature was a 5% increase in total carbon stocks. Simulated fire suppression reduced average carbon losses in the East to about 6%, and preserved forests which were largely converted to woodland and savanna in the absence of fire suppression. Across the west, unsuppressed fire maintained near constant carbon stocks despite increases in vegetation productivity. With fire suppression, western carbon stocks increased by 10% and most shrublands were converted to woodland or even forest. With a relatively high level of growth in response to CO2, total ecosystem carbon pools at the end of the century were on average about 9-10% larger in both regions of the U.S. compared to a low CO2 response. The western U.S. gained enough carbon to counter losses from unsuppressed fire only with the high CO2 response, especially in conjunction with the higher CO2 emission rate. In the eastern U.S., fire suppression was sufficient to produce a simulated carbon sink only with both the high CO2 response and emission rate. Considerable uncertainty exists with respect to the impacts of global warming on the ecosystems of the conterminous U.S., some of which resides in the future trajectory of greenhouse gas emissions, in the direct response of vegetation to increasing CO2, and in future tradeoffs among different fire management options, as illustrated in this study. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lenihan, James M.; Neilson, Ronald P.; Drapek, Raymond] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97731 USA. [Bachelet, Dominique] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lenihan, JM (reprint author), USFS, Pacific NW Res Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR USA. EM lenihan@fsl.orst.edu RI Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009 NR 38 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD NOV PY 2008 VL 64 IS 1-2 BP 16 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.01.006 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 382WI UT WOS:000261635700003 ER PT J AU Bachelet, D Lenihan, J Drapek, R Neilson, R AF Bachelet, D. Lenihan, J. Drapek, R. Neilson, R. TI VEMAP vs VINCERA: A DGVM sensitivity to differences in climate scenarios SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE MC1; Ecosystem modeling; NPP; biomass; carbon budget; USA; fire ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE; CHANGE SIMULATION; GREENHOUSE-GAS; ELEVATED CO2; US FORESTS; DYNAMICS AB The MC1 DGVM has been used in two international model comparison projects, VEMAP (Vegetation Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project) and VINCERA (Vulnerability and Impacts of North American forests to Climate Change: Ecosystem Responses and Adaptation). The latest version of MC1 was run on both VINCERA and VEMAP climate and soil input data to document how a change in the inputs can affect model outcome. We compared simulation results under the two sets of future climate scenarios and reported on how the different inputs can affect vegetation distribution and carbon budget projections. Under all future scenarios, the interior West becomes woodier as Warmer temperatures and available moisture allow trees to get established in grasslands areas. Concurrently, warmer and drier weather causes the eastern deciduous and mixed forests to shift to a more open canopy woodland or savanna type while boreal forests disappear almost entirely from the Great Lakes area by the end of the 21st century. While under VEMAP scenarios the model simulated large increases in carbon storage in a future woodier West, the drier VINCERA scenarios accounted for large carbon losses in the east and only moderate gains in the West. But under all future climate scenarios, the total area burned by wildfires increased especially in C4 grasslands under all scenarios and in dry woodlands under VINCERA scenarios. The model simulated non-agricultural lands in the conterminous United States as a source of carbon in the 21st century under the VINCERA future climate scenarios but not VEMAP. However, the magnitude of this carbon source to the atmosphere could be greatly reduced if the CO(2) growth enhancement factor built in the model was enhanced but evidence that all mature forests across the entire country will respond positively to increased atmospheric CO(2) is still lacking. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bachelet, D.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lenihan, J.; Drapek, R.; Neilson, R.] USDA FS, PNW Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Bachelet, D (reprint author), 2505 Vista Ave SE, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM bachelet@fsl.orst.edu RI Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009 FU USDA-Forest Service [PNW 00-JV-11261957-191]; Canadian Federal Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Program of Natural Resources Canada FX The authors also want to thank Chris Kucharik, Scott Ollinger and Hermann Gucinski for reviewing and contributing helpful comments to improve the manuscript. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD NOV PY 2008 VL 64 IS 1-2 BP 38 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.01.007 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 382WI UT WOS:000261635700005 ER PT J AU Powell, TL Gholz, HL Clark, KL Starr, G Cropper, WP Martin, TA AF Powell, Thomas L. Gholz, Henry L. Clark, Kenneth L. Starr, Gregory Cropper, Wendell P., Jr. Martin, Timothy A. TI Carbon exchange of a mature, naturally regenerated pine forest in north Florida SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dynamics; eddy covariance; Florida; natural regeneration; net ecosystem exchange; Pinus elliottii; Pinus palustris ID EDDY-COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; SLASH PINE; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; ELLIOTTII PLANTATIONS; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SOIL RESPIRATION; ENERGY-EXCHANGE; LOBLOLLY-PINE AB We used eddy covariance and biomass measurements to quantify the carbon (C) dynamics of a naturally regenerated longleaf pine/slash pine flatwoods ecosystem in north Florida for 4 years, July 2000 to June 2002 and 2004 to 2005, to quantify how forest type, silvicultural intensity and environment influence stand-level C balance. Precipitation over the study periods ranged from extreme drought (July 2000-June 2002) to above-average precipitation (2004 and 2005). After photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), vapor pressure deficit (VPD) > 1.5 kPa and air temperature < 10 degrees C were important constraints on daytime half-hourly net CO(2) exchange (NEE(day)) and reduced the magnitude of midday CO(2) exchange by > 5 mu mol CO(2) m(-2) s(-1). Analysis of water use efficiency indicated that stomatal closure at VPD > 1.5 kPa moderated transpiration similarly in both drought and wet years. Night-time exchange (NEE(night)) was an exponential function of air temperature, with rates further modulated by soil moisture. Estimated annual net ecosystem production (NEP) was remarkably consistent among the four measurement years (range: 158-192 g C m(-2) yr(-1)). In comparison, annual ecosystem C assimilation estimates from biomass measurements between 2000 and 2002 ranged from 77 to 136 g C m(-2) yr(-1). Understory fluxes accounted for approximately 25-35% of above-canopy NEE over 24-h periods, and 85% and 27% of whole-ecosystem fluxes during night and midday (11:00-15:00 hours) periods, respectively. Concurrent measurements of a nearby intensively managed slash pine plantation showed that annual NEP was three to four times greater than that of the Austin Cary Memorial Forest, highlighting the importance of silviculture and management in regulating stand-level C budgets. C1 [Powell, Thomas L.; Clark, Kenneth L.; Starr, Gregory; Cropper, Wendell P., Jr.; Martin, Timothy A.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Powell, Thomas L.] Kennedy Space Ctr, Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Gholz, Henry L.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Environm Biol, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Clark, Kenneth L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, New Lisbon, NJ 08064 USA. [Starr, Gregory] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Martin, TA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, POB 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM tamartin@ufl.edu RI Cropper, Jr., Wendell/E-5952-2010; Powell, Thomas/F-9877-2016; OI Cropper, Jr., Wendell/0000-0001-7851-7382; Powell, Thomas/0000-0002-3516-7164; Martin, Timothy/0000-0002-7872-4194 FU Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Program; U. S. Department of Energy, through the Southeast Regional Center (SERC); National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC); National Institute for Climatic Change Research (NICCR); National Science Foundation [0344029]; NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change (LCLUC) Program; U. S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service; University of Florida School of Forest Resources and Conservation FX This research was supported in part by the Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Program, U. S. Department of Energy, through the Southeast Regional Center (SERC) of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC) and the National Institute for Climatic Change Research (NICCR); National Science Foundation award no. 0344029; the NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change (LCLUC) Program; the U. S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service; and the University of Florida School of Forest Resources and Conservation. This paper was partially based on work supported by the National Science Foundation while Henry L. Gholz was working at the Foundation. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Foundation. We thank Dr Jennifer Jacobs, Ryan Atwood, Jose Luis Hierro, Jennifer Staiger, Antje Moffat, and Julie Graves for their contributions to this work. We are grateful to the Associate Editor and two anonymous referees for their thoughtful and constructive comments. NR 59 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 14 IS 11 BP 2523 EP 2538 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01675.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 363ZX UT WOS:000260307100005 ER PT J AU Conley, DJ Likens, GE Buso, DC Saccone, L Bailey, SW Johnson, CE AF Conley, Daniel J. Likens, Gene E. Buso, Donald C. Saccone, Loredana Bailey, Scott W. Johnson, Chris E. TI Deforestation causes increased dissolved silicate losses in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amorphous silica; biogeochemistry; deforestation; Hubbard Brook; mass balance; streamwater export ID BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE; BIOGENIC SILICA; SOIL; EUTROPHICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; OCEAN; CHEMISTRY; SEDIMENTS; BALANCE; STREAM AB Globally significant increases in the riverine delivery of nutrients and suspended particulate matter have occurred with deforestation. We report here significant increases in streamwater transport of dissolved silicate (DSi) following experimental forest harvesting at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, USA. The magnitude of the streamwater response varied with the type of disturbance with the highest DSi export fluxes occurring in the manipulations that left the most plant materials on the soil surface and disturbed the soil surface least. No measurable loss of amorphous silica (ASi) was detected from the soil profile; however, ASi was redistributed within the soil profile after forest disturbance. Mass-balance calculations demonstrate that some fraction of the DSi exported must come from dissolution of ASi and export as DSi. Land clearance and the development of agriculture may result in an enhanced flux of DSi coupled with enhanced erosion losses of ASi contained in phytoliths. C1 [Conley, Daniel J.] Lund Univ, GeoBiosphere Sci Ctr, Dept Geol, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Likens, Gene E.; Buso, Donald C.] Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Saccone, Loredana] Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Marine Ecol, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Bailey, Scott W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, N Woodstock, NH 03262 USA. [Johnson, Chris E.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Conley, DJ (reprint author), Lund Univ, GeoBiosphere Sci Ctr, Dept Geol, Solvegatan 12, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. EM daniel.conley@geol.lu.se RI Johnson, Chris/A-6979-2011; OI Johnson, Chris/0000-0001-9079-813X; Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X NR 38 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 14 IS 11 BP 2548 EP 2554 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01667.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 363ZX UT WOS:000260307100007 ER PT J AU Feng, ZZ Kobayashi, K Ainsworth, EA AF Feng, Zhaozhong Kobayashi, Kazuhiko Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. TI Impact of elevated ozone concentration on growth, physiology, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): a meta-analysis SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE air pollution; atmospheric change; biomass; elevated [CO2]; global change; grain quality; ozone; photosynthesis; stomata; yield component ID OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; MODERN GREEK CULTIVARS; FLAG LEAF SENESCENCE; GROUND-LEVEL OZONE; ORYZA-SATIVA L; SPRING WHEAT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SURFACE OZONE; WINTER-WHEAT; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE AB We quantitatively evaluated the effects of elevated concentration of ozone (O-3) on growth, leaf chemistry, gas exchange, grain yield, and grain quality relative to carbon-filtered air (CF) by means of meta-analysis of published data. Our database consisted of 53 peer-reviewed studies published between 1980 and 2007, taking into account wheat type, O-3 fumigation method, rooting environment, O-3 concentration ([O-3]), developmental stage, and additional treatments such as drought and elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]). The results suggested that elevated [O-3] decreased wheat grain yield by 29% (CI: 24-34%) and aboveground biomass by 18% (CI: 13-24%), where CI is the 95% confidence interval. Even in studies where the [O-3] range was between 31 and 59 ppb (average 43 ppb), there was a significant decrease in the grain yield (18%) and biomass (16%) relative to CF. Despite the increase in the grain protein content (6.8%), elevated [O-3] significantly decreased the grain protein yield (-18%). Relative to CF, elevated [O-3] significantly decreased photosynthetic rates (-20%), Rubisco activity (-19%), stomatal conductance (-22%), and chlorophyll content (-40%). For the whole plant, rising [O-3] induced a larger decrease in belowground (-27%) biomass than in aboveground (-18%) biomass. There was no significant response difference between spring wheat and winter wheat. Wheat grown in the field showed larger decreases in leaf photosynthesis parameters than wheat grown in < 5 L pots. Open-top chamber fumigation induced a larger reduction than indoor growth chambers, when plants were exposed to elevated [O-3]. The detrimental effect was progressively greater as the average daily [O-3] increased, with very few exceptions. The impact of O-3 increased with developmental stages, with the largest detrimental impact during grain filling. Both drought and elevated [CO2] significantly ameliorated the detrimental effects of elevated [O-3], which could be explained by a significant decrease in O-3 uptake resulting from decreased stomatal conductance. C1 [Feng, Zhaozhong; Kobayashi, Kazuhiko] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Dept Global Agr Sci, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. [Feng, Zhaozhong] Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.] Univ Illinois, ARS, USDA, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kobayashi, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Dept Global Agr Sci, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. EM aclasman@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp FU Eco-Frontier Fellowship [07-C062-03]; Global Environment Research Fund [C-062]; Ministry of Environment, Japan FX We acknowledge Drs Don R. Ort and Victoria E. Wittig of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for their helpful comments. This study was supported by Eco-Frontier Fellowship (07-C062-03) and the Global Environment Research Fund (C-062) of the Ministry of Environment, Japan. NR 111 TC 127 Z9 145 U1 17 U2 117 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 14 IS 11 BP 2696 EP 2708 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01673.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 363ZX UT WOS:000260307100019 ER PT J AU Wheeler, CA Welsh, HH AF Wheeler, Clara A. Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr. TI MATING STRATEGY AND BREEDING PATTERNS OF THE FOOTHILL YELLOW-LEGGED FROG (RANA BOYLII) SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Foothill Yellow-legged Frog; mating strategy; northwestern California; Rana boylii; reproductive ecology; temporal breeding patterns ID SEXUAL SELECTION; NEOTROPICAL FROG; AUSTRALIAN FROG; MATE CHOICE; SIZE; BULLFROGS; SUCCESS; TERRITORIALITY; REPRODUCTION; CATESBEIANA AB The Foothill Yellow-legged Frog (Rana boylii) has declined across much of its native range in California. Improper stream management may lower egg mass survival and reduce the availability of suitable breeding habitats. We collected data during six breeding-seasons (2002-2007) along an unregulated stream in northwestern California. We monitored temporal reproductive patterns at a breeding site and used mark-recapture and behavioral observations to spatially and temporally track individuals and investigate aspects of the mating strategy. The duration of breeding activity lasted three to seven and a half weeks. Day within the breeding-season and stream flow influenced breeding activity. Male frogs congregated at the breeding site during the reproductive season but females arrived asynchronously. Male frogs showed fidelity to individual sites within the breeding area. The daily operational sex ratio of adults was male-biased, while the overall breeding-season operational sex ratio was female-biased. Males in amplexus were larger than males never observed in amplexus, providing evidence of a non-random mating pattern. These frogs showed plasticity in temporal breeding patterns and were not exclusively prolonged or explosive breeders. Frog behaviors at the breeding site were more typical of prolonged breeding anurans. Both timing and duration of breeding were closely linked to the natural hydrologic cycle, indicating that anthropogenic variations of stream flows may suppress the reproductive behavior and annual output of these frogs. C1 [Wheeler, Clara A.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Wheeler, Clara A.; Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr.] USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Wheeler, CA (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM cawheeler@fs.fed.us FU California Department of Fish and Game FX We are indebted to many exceptional field assistants: Andie Herman, Justin Garwood, Liberty Heise, William Wheeler, Jamie Bettaso, Don Ashton, Nate Nieto, Ryan Bourque, Kia Ruiz, Susan Corum, and Caroline Kim. We thank Jeffrey Black, David Kitchen and Steven Smith and two anonymous reviewers for their thorough reviews and valuable comments on previous versions of this manuscript. We thank Garth Hodgson for technical assistance, Karen Pope and Jim Baldwin for statistical help and advice, and the California Department of Fish and Game for financial support for a portion of this project, specifically Betsy Bolster, who administered funding. This research was part of a Master's Thesis for the senior author. All handling and marking techniques were approved under Humboldt State University, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol No. 04/05.W.114.A on 10 April 2002 and subsequent renewals and amendments. NR 58 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2 BP 128 EP 142 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V15RV UT WOS:000207820000002 ER PT J AU Lacan, I Matthews, K Feldman, K AF Lacan, Igor Matthews, Kathleen Feldman, Krishna TI INTERACTION OF AN INTRODUCED PREDATOR WITH FUTURE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE RECRUITMENT DYNAMICS OF THE IMPERILED SIERRA NEVADA YELLOW-LEGGED FROG (RANA SIERRAE) SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; global warming; habitat; precipitation, Rana muscosa; Rana sierrae, Sierra Nevada; water ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; FISH INTRODUCTIONS; CALIFORNIA; MUSCOSA; CONSERVATION; DECLINE; TROUT AB Between-year variation in snowpack (from 20 to 200% of average) and summer rainfall cause large fluctuations in volume of small lakes in the higher elevation (> 3000 m) Sierra Nevada, which are important habitat for the imperiled Sierra Nevada Yellow-legged Frog, Rana sierrae. Climate change (global warming) is predicted to increase these fluctuations, potentially leading to more frequent summer lake drying of shallow, fishless ponds where most R. sierrae breeding and larval development (requiring >= 3 years) occurs today. This study explored the interaction between water availability and the abundance and recruitment of R. sierrae in Dusy Basin, Kings Canyon National Park, California, USA. We mapped the Dusy Basin lakes with GPS, calculated water volumes in a low-snowpack and a high-snowpack year (2002, 2003), and counted R. sierrae. The lakes that dried up in 2002 were repopulated by adults in 2003, without any recruitment of metamorphosed frogs from previous year's tadpoles. The lakes that retained water, even with notable volume decreases (-60%), showed tadpole-to-subadult recruitment in the following year (2003). Similar results are obtained using data for years 1997-2006: significantly greater abundance of metamorphs in permanently wet lakes than in lakes that had dried even once during the 10 years. Similarly, those lakes that had retained water during any two preceding years had significantly more metamorphs than lakes that had dried up during that period. Our results suggest that any increase in drying of small ponds will severely reduce frog recruitment. Combined with the invasive fish that prevent frog breeding in larger lakes, lake drying may cause extinction of local frog populations. C1 [Lacan, Igor; Matthews, Kathleen; Feldman, Krishna] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. [Lacan, Igor] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lacan, I (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, POB 245, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RI Matthews, Kathleen/G-8773-2012 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 8 U2 16 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2 BP 211 EP 223 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V15RV UT WOS:000207820000011 ER PT J AU Abrams, MD Nowacki, GJ AF Abrams, Marc D. Nowacki, Gregory J. TI Native Americans as active and passive promoters of mast and fruit trees in the eastern USA SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Review DE Indian diet; fire; land-use history; cultivation; oak; hickory; mast; fruit trees; Holocene ID LAND-USE HISTORY; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-ENGLAND; NEW-YORK; PRE-SETTLEMENT; COASTAL-PLAIN; PRESETTLEMENT FORESTS; SUCCESSIONAL DYNAMICS; CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA AB We reviewed literature in the fields of anthropology, archaeology, ethnobotany, palynology and ecology to try to determine the impacts of Native Americans as active and passive promoters of mast (nuts and acorns) and fruit trees prior to European settlement. Mast was a critical resource for carbohydrates and fat calories and at least 30 tree species and genera were used in the diet of Native Americans, the most important being oak (Quercus), hickory (Carya) and chestnut (Castanea), which dominated much of the eastern forest, and walnut (Juglans) to a lesser extent. Fleshy tree fruits were most accessible in human-disturbed landscapes, and at least 20 fruit- and berry-producing trees were commonly utilized by Native Americans. They regularly used fire and tree girdling as management tools for a multitude of purposes, including land clearing, promotion of favoured mast and fruit trees, vegetation control and pasturage for big-game animals. This latter point also applies to the vast fire-maintained prairie region further west. Native Americans were a much more important ignition source than lightning throughout the eastern USA, except for the extreme Southeast. First-hand accounts often mention mast and fruit trees or orchards in the immediate vicinity of Native American villages and suggest that these trees existed as a direct result of Indian management, including cultivation and planting. We conclude that Native American land-use practices not only had a profound effect on promoting mast and fruit trees but also on the entire historical development of the eastern oak and pine forests, savannas and tall-grass prairies. Although significant climatic change occurred during the Holocene, including the 'Mediaeval Warming Period' and the 'Little Ice Age', we attribute the multimillennia domination of the eastern biome by prairie grasses, berry-producing shrubs and/or mast trees primarily to regular burning and other forms of management by Indians to meet their gastronomic needs. Otherwise, drier prairie and open woodlands would have converted to closed-canopy forests and more mesic mast trees would have succeeded to more shade-tolerant, fireQ sensitive trees that are a significantly inferior dietary resource. C1 [Abrams, Marc D.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Nowacki, Gregory J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Off, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA. RP Abrams, MD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, 307 Forest Resources Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM agl@psu.edu NR 175 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 7 U2 66 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD NOV PY 2008 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1123 EP 1137 DI 10.1177/0959683608095581 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 364ME UT WOS:000260339000010 ER PT J AU Agarwal, UP Ralph, SA AF Agarwal, Umesh P. Ralph, Sally A. TI Determination of ethylenic residues in wood and TMP of spruce by FT-Raman spectroscopy SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE coniferaldehyde; coniferyl alcohol; DHP; ethylenic residues; lignin; quantification; Raman; thermomechanical pulp; wood ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM RAMAN; ALKALINE HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; LIGNIN; PRODUCTS; PULPS; CONJUGATION; INTENSITIES; DEPENDENCE; OXIDATION AB A method based on FT-Raman spectroscopy is proposed for determining in situ concentrations of ethylenic residues in softwood lignin. Raman contributions at 1133 and 1654 cm(-1), representing coniferaldehyde and coniferyl alcohol structures, respectively, were used in quantifying these units in spruce wood with subsequent conversion to concentrations in lignin. For coniferaldehyde units, the intensity of the 1133 cm(-1) peak was measured in the difference spectrum obtained by subtracting the bleached-wood spectrum from that of the unbleached. In the case of coniferyl alcohol residues, the intensity of the 1654 cm(-1) band was calculated from the spectrum of extensively bleached wood. The concentrations of coniferaldehyde and coniferyl alcohol units in spruce lignin were found to be 3.8% and 3.4%, respectively, and were in good agreement with values determined by conventional techniques. This quantification of the ethylenic residues was based on the Raman intensities of 1% coniferaldehyde and 1% coniferyl alcohol in bleached softwood kraft pulp. Initially, as background for this work, a number of suitable lignin model compounds and a softwood lignin model polymer (G-DHP) were used to calibrate the Raman method and demonstrate that the Raman technique was well suited for quantification of ethylenic structures. Experimental results demonstrated that thermomechanical pulping reduced the concentrations of coniferaldehyde and coniferyl alcohol residues in comparison to wood by 28% and 24%, respectively. C1 [Agarwal, Umesh P.; Ralph, Sally A.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Agarwal, UP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM uagarwal@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 17 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD NOV PY 2008 VL 62 IS 6 BP 667 EP 675 DI 10.1515/HF.2008.112 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 381UX UT WOS:000261562500006 ER PT J AU Zelinka, SL Rammer, DR Stone, DS AF Zelinka, Samuel L. Rammer, Douglas R. Stone, Donald S. TI Impedance spectroscopy and circuit modeling of Southern pine above 20% moisture content SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE constant phase element; electrical relaxation; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS); ionic conduction; Warburg impedance ID L. SCOTS PINE; SYLVESTRIS; WOOD AB Impedance spectra were collected from Southern pine (Pinus spp.) equilibrated to a moisture content 20% and a saturated condition. Cylindrical graphite electrodes were embedded in the wood so that they met nearly end-to-end along a line parallel to the grain, and impedance properties were characterized as functions of electrode spacing and electrode contact pressure at frequencies between 1 x 10(-1) and 3 x 10(5) Hz. The data exhibit a low-frequency tail that can be fit with a Warburg element, indicative of a diffusive motion of charge carriers. Values of the Warburg impedance were compared with previously published data on molar conductivities of endogenous mineral ions in wood. The data suggest that mineral ions are the predominant charge carriers in wood at low frequencies and high moisture contents based on the strong correlation between the Warburg impedance and molar conductivities. C1 [Zelinka, Samuel L.; Rammer, Douglas R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Stone, Donald S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci, Madison, WI USA. RP Zelinka, SL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM szelinka@fs.fed.us RI Zelinka, Samuel/A-9198-2009; Stone, Donald/A-7496-2016 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD NOV PY 2008 VL 62 IS 6 BP 737 EP 744 DI 10.1515/HF.2008.115 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 381UX UT WOS:000261562500017 ER PT J AU Chow, P Nakayama, FS Blahnik, B Younquist, JA Coffelt, TA AF Chow, Poo Nakayama, Francis S. Blahnik, Brian Younquist, John A. Coffelt, Terry A. TI Chemical constituents and physical properties of guayule wood and bark SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE bark; chemical extracts; fiber length; lignin; pentosan; cellulose; specific gravity; maple; milkweed; guayule; Parthenium argentatum; guayule bagasse ID TREES AB About 15 Parthenium species grow in the North American continent with Parthenium argentatum (guayule) as the only species containing harvestable amounts of the rubber latex. The predicted commercialization of the guayule plant for its hypoallergenic latex will result in a significant amount of waste fiber or bagasse biomass that can also be put to use for making wood, paper, and other chemical products, as well as in energy production. Thus, the guayule wood and bark fibers can be considered a new source of plant biomass that may be used as a direct substitute for forest-based wood fiber. However, little information is available on the chemical composition of the wood and bark tissues of guayule (P. argentatum). The objectives of this study were to determine the chemical and fiber composition of guayule and to compare it with other wood fiber sources. Three germplasm lines of mature guayule (Cal-6, AZ-101, and G7-15) and another species of Parthenium (P. tomentosum, PT), juvenile soft maple (Acer rubrum), a deciduous tree, and milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) that has long fibers were the plant sources. Separate wood and bark tissues were analyzed for hot water, 1% sodium hydroxide, and alcohol-toluene extracts. In addition, the lignin, holocellulose, alpha-cellulose, and pentosan contents were determined. All the chemical components in the wood fibers for the Partheniums were equal to or greater than the juvenile maple tree. Milkweed had higher alpha-cellulose and lower alcohol-toluene extract contents than both the guayule and soft maple. The guayule bark fibers had more chemical extracts than the wood fibers. The specific gravity of guayule wood was greater than the deciduous wood species. However, the fiber lengths of soft maple wood, guayule wood, and milkweed are similar. Based on the chemical composition, P. argentatum and P. tomentosum could serve as raw materials for the paper and chemical industries as well as for energy production. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nakayama, Francis S.; Coffelt, Terry A.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Chow, Poo; Blahnik, Brian] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Younquist, John A.] John Younqquist & Associates, Verona, WI 53593 USA. RP Coffelt, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM Terry.Coffelt@ars.usda.gov FU Cooperative Research project between the U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Phoenix, Arizona; State Research, Education and Extension Services; U.S. Department of Agriculture [875-310]; Illinois Agriculture Experiment Station; University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Campus, Urbana, Illinois USA FX This report is based upon work supported by both the Cooperative Research project between the U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Phoenix, Arizona, and the State Research, Education and Extension Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under Hatch Project No. 875-310, Illinois Agriculture Experiment Station, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Campus, Urbana, Illinois USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 303 EP 308 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2008.03.006 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 351PT UT WOS:000259437100008 ER PT J AU Stamm, I Mohr, M Bridger, PS Schropfer, E Konig, M Stoffregen, WC Dean-Nystrom, EA Baljer, G Menge, C AF Stamm, Ivonne Mohr, Melanie Bridger, Philip S. Schroepfer, Elmar Koenig, Matthias Stoffregen, William C. Dean-Nystrom, Evelyn A. Baljer, Georg Menge, Christian TI Epithelial and Mesenchymal Cells in the Bovine Colonic Mucosa Differ in Their Responsiveness to Escherichia coli Shiga Toxin 1 SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD FIBROCYTES; NATURALLY-INFECTED CATTLE; N-GLYCOSIDASE ACTIVITY; III SECRETED PROTEINS; DENDRITIC CELLS; INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES; INTESTINAL COLONIZATION; GLOBOTRIAOSYL CERAMIDE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; O157-H7 COLONIZATION AB Bovine colonic crypt cells express CD77 molecules that potentially act as receptors for Shiga toxins (Stx). The implication of this finding for the intestinal colonization of cattle by human pathogenic Stx-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) remains undefined. We used flow cytometric and real-time PCR analyses of primary cultures of colonic crypt cells to evaluate cell viability, CD77 expression, and gene transcription in the presence and absence of purified Stx1. A subset of cultured epithelial cells had Stx receptors which were located mainly intracellularly, with a perinuclear distribution, and were resistant to Stx1-induced apoptosis and Stx1 effects on chemokine expression patterns. In contrast, a population of vimentin-positive cells, i.e., mesenchymal/nonepithelial cells that had high numbers of Stx receptors on their surface, was depleted from the cultures by Stx1. In situ, CD77(+) cells were located in the lamina propria of the bovine colon by using immunofluorescence staining. A newly established vimentin-positive crypt cell line with high CD77 expression resisted the cytolethal effect of Stx1 but responded to Stx1 with a significant increase in interleukin-8 (IL-8), GRO-alpha, MCP-1, and RANTES mRNA. Combined stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and Stx1 increased IL-10 mRNA. Our results show that bovine colonic crypt cells of epithelial origin are resistant to both the cytotoxic and modulatory effects of Stx1. In contrast, some mucosal mesenchymal cells, preliminarily characterized as mucosal macrophages, are Stx1-responsive cells that may participate in the interaction of STEC with the bovine intestinal mucosa. C1 [Stamm, Ivonne; Mohr, Melanie; Bridger, Philip S.; Schroepfer, Elmar; Baljer, Georg; Menge, Christian] Univ Giessen, Inst Hyg & Infekt Krankheiten Tiere, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. [Koenig, Matthias] Univ Giessen, Inst Virol, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. [Stoffregen, William C.; Dean-Nystrom, Evelyn A.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Menge, C (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Inst Hyg & Infekt Krankheiten Tiere, Frankfurter Str 85-89, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. EM christian.menge@vetmed.uni-giessen.de FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Sonderforschungsbereich 535] FX We thank Bryan K. Wheeler for excellent technical assistance with immunohistology. We acknowledge Dirk Werling, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom, for provision of antibodies and helpful suggestions for the characterization of the colonic crypt mesenchymal cell line clone 12 and Anja Taubert and Carlos Hermosilla, Institut fur Parasitologie, Justus-Liebig-Universitat, Giessen, for helpful discussions.; This work was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to M. M., E. S., and C. M. (Sonderforschungsbereich 535). NR 74 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 76 IS 11 BP 5381 EP 5391 DI 10.1128/IAI.00553-08 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 361YW UT WOS:000260165500065 PM 18765725 ER PT J AU Scharf, B Wax, LE Aiken, GE Spiers, DE AF Scharf, B. Wax, L. E. Aiken, G. E. Spiers, D. E. TI Regional differences in sweat rate response of steers to short-term heat stress SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cattle; Sweat rate; Heat; Stress; Acute ID BODY-TEMPERATURE; DAIRY-COWS; BOS-TAURUS; CATTLE; THERMOREGULATION; EVAPORATION; FIELD; SHEEP AB Six Angus steers (319 +/- 8.5 kg) were assigned to one of two groups (hot or cold exposure) of three steers each, and placed into two environmental chambers initially maintained at 16.5-18.8 degrees C air temperature (T-a). Cold chamber T-a was lowered to 8.4 degrees C, while T-a within the hot chamber was increased to 32.7 degrees C over a 24-h time period. Measurements included respiration rate, and air and body (rectal and skin) temperatures. Skin temperature was measured at shoulder and rump locations, with determination of sweat rate using a calibrated moisture sensor. Rectal temperature did not change in cold or hot chambers. However, respiration rate nearly doubled in the heat (P < 0.05), increasing when T-a was above 24 degrees C. Skin temperatures at the two locations were highly correlated (P < 0.05) with each other and with T-a. In contrast, sweat rate showed differences at rump and shoulder sites. Sweat rate of the rump exhibited only a small increase with T-a. However, sweat rate at the shoulder increased more than four-fold with increasing T-a. Increased sweat rate in this region is supported by an earlier report of a higher density of sweat glands in the shoulder compared to rump regions. Sweat rate was correlated with several thermal measurements to determine the best predictor. Fourth-order polynomial expressions of short-term rectal and skin temperature responses to hot and cold exposures produced r values of 0.60, 0.84, and 0.98, respectively. These results suggest that thermal inputs other than just rectal or skin temperature drive the sweat response in cattle. C1 [Scharf, B.; Wax, L. E.; Spiers, D. E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Aiken, G. E.] Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Spiers, DE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, 920 E Campus Dr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM SpiersD@missouri.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture [58-6227-3-016] FX This material is based upon work supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 58-6227-3-016. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7128 J9 INT J BIOMETEOROL JI Int. J. Biometeorol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 52 IS 8 BP 725 EP 732 DI 10.1007/s00484-008-0165-4 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology GA 363QJ UT WOS:000260281500002 PM 18612663 ER PT J AU Burton-Freeman, BM Keim, NL AF Burton-Freeman, B. M. Keim, N. L. TI Glycemic index, cholecystokinin, satiety and disinhibition: is there an unappreciated paradox for overweight women? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE CCK; satiety; glycemic index; food intake; eating behavior; disinhibition ID DIETARY RESTRAINT; BODY-WEIGHT; OBESE; MEN; CARBOHYDRATE; ASSOCIATION; APPETITE; GHRELIN; LEPTIN; LOAD AB Background: The clinical utility of a low glycemic index (LGI) diet for appetite and food intake control is controversial. Complicating the issue are psychological and behavioral influences related to eating. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the satiety and glycemic response to high GI (HGI) and LGI meals in overweight restrained (R, n = 12) and unrestrained (UR, n = 10) women. Design and measurements: In a randomized crossover study, subjective satiety, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucose, insulin, triacylglyceride (TG) and free fatty acids (FFAs) were measured at defined intervals for 8 h after the participants consumed HGI or LGI test meals. Test meals were matched for energy, energy density, macronutrient content and available carbohydrate, but differed by carbohydrate source; refined grain versus whole grain, respectively. Results: The HGI meal resulted in greater satiety overall, suppressing hunger, desire to eat and prospective consumption compared with the LGI (P < 0.01) meal. Plasma CCK was significantly elevated after the HGI meal compared with the LGI meal (P < 0.001). Plasma glucose, insulin and TG were higher and FFAs were lower after the HGI meal compared with the LGI meal (P < 0001). Dietary restraint did not significantly influence CCK (P = 0.14) or subjective satiety (P > 0.4); however, an interaction of restraint and disinhibition on CCK was apparent. CCK was blunted in R participants with higher disinhibition scores than UR or R participants with lower disinhibition scores (P < 0.05). Conclusions: A LGI diet may not be suitable for optimal satiety and appetite control in overweight women. The relationship between cognitive influences of eating and biobehavioral outcomes requires further investigation. C1 [Burton-Freeman, B. M.] IIT, Natl Ctr Food Safety & Technol, Summit Argo, IL 60501 USA. [Burton-Freeman, B. M.; Keim, N. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Keim, N. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Burton-Freeman, BM (reprint author), IIT, Natl Ctr Food Safety & Technol, 6502 S Archer Rd, Summit Argo, IL 60501 USA. EM bburton@iit.edu FU USDA, ARS WHNRC FX We acknowledge the technical contributions of William Horn and Jody Randolph, Danise Gonzalez who performed the catheterizations and blood sampling, Sara Stoffel for diet and meal preparation and Jennifer Lee for help with manuscript preparation. The first author, Dr Burton-Freeman was involved with biochemical and subjective endpoints analyses, statistical analysis, results interpretation and manuscript preparation. Dr Keim was involved with study design, study conduct, interpretation of results and manuscript preparation. The study was funded by general funds and the USDA, ARS WHNRC. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1647 EP 1654 DI 10.1038/ijo.2008.159 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 372TQ UT WOS:000260925300007 PM 18825157 ER PT J AU Chavez, JL Neale, CMU Prueger, JH Kustas, WP AF Chavez, Jose L. Neale, Christopher M. U. Prueger, John H. Kustas, William P. TI Daily evapotranspiration estimates from extrapolating instantaneous airborne remote sensing ET values SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OF-DAY MEASUREMENTS; SEMIARID CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; TIME; CALIBRATION; EVAPORATION; ALFALFA; DAYTIME; SITES; CROPS AB In this study, six extrapolation methods have been compared for their ability to estimate daily crop evapotranspiration (ETd) from instantaneous latent heat flux estimates derived from digital airborne multispectral remote sensing imagery. Data used in this study were collected during an experiment on corn and soybean fields, covering an area of approximately 12 x 22 km, near Ames, Iowa. ETd estimation errors for all six methods and both crops varied from -5.7 +/- 4.8% (MBE +/- RMSE) to 26.0 +/- 15.8%. Extrapolated ETd values based on the evaporative fraction (EF) method better compared to eddy covariance measured ET values. This method reported an average corn ETd estimate error of -0.3 mm day(-1), with a corresponding error standard deviation of 0.2 mm day(-1), i.e., about 5.7 +/- 4.8% average under prediction when compared to average ETd values derived from eddy covariance energy balance systems. A solar radiation-based ET extrapolation method performed relatively well with ETd estimation error of 2.2 +/- 10.1% for both crops. An alfalfa reference ET-based extrapolation fraction method (ETrF) yielded an overall ETd overestimation of about 4.0 +/- 10.0% for both crops. It is recommended that the average daily soil heat flux not be neglected in the calculation of ETd when utilizing method EF. These results validate the use of the airborne multispectral RS-based ET methodology for the estimation of instantaneous ET and its extrapolation to ETd. In addition, all methods need to be further tested under a variety of vegetation surface homogeneity, crop growth stage, environmental and climatological conditions. C1 [Chavez, Jose L.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Neale, Christopher M. U.] Utah State Univ, Biol & Irrigat Engn Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Prueger, John H.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kustas, William P.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chavez, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM jose.chavez@ars.usda.gov; cneale@cc.usu.edu; john.prueger@ars.usda.gov; bill.kustas@ars.usda.gov RI Neale, Christopher/G-3860-2012; Neale, Christopher/P-3676-2015 OI Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410 NR 52 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-7188 EI 1432-1319 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 27 IS 1 BP 67 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s00271-008-0122-3 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 364AR UT WOS:000260309100007 ER PT J AU Purdy, CW AF Purdy, Charles W. TI Thoughts on leading discussions on animal rights SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Purdy, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 9 BP 1395 EP 1395 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 365XT UT WOS:000260443700017 PM 18985981 ER PT J AU Du Toit, G Katz, Y Sasieni, P Mesher, D Maleki, SJ Fisher, HR Fox, AT Turcanu, V Amir, T Zadik-Mnuhin, G Cohen, A Livne, I Lack, G AF Du Toit, George Katz, Yitzhak Sasieni, Peter Mesher, David Maleki, Soheila J. Fisher, Helen R. Fox, Adam T. Turcanu, Victor Amir, Tal Zadik-Mnuhin, Galia Cohen, Adi Livne, Irit Lack, Gideon TI Early consumption of peanuts in infancy is associated with a low prevalence of peanut allergy SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Allergy; children; food allergy; peanut allergy; prevalence; allergy prevention; oral tolerance; weaning; peanut consumption ID FOOD ALLERGY; ANAPHYLACTIC REACTIONS; ATOPIC DISEASES; ORAL TOLERANCE; SKIN PRICK; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDREN; SENSITIZATION; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDHOOD AB Background: Despite guidelines recommending avoidance of peanuts during infancy in the United Kingdom (UK), Australia, and, until recently, North America, peanut allergy (PA) continues to increase in these countries. Objective: We sought to determine the prevalence of PA among Israeli and UK Jewish children and evaluate the relationship of PA to infant and maternal peanut consumption. Methods: A clinically validated questionnaire determined the prevalence of PA among Jewish schoolchildren (5171 in the UK and 5615 in Israel). A second validated questionnaire assessed peanut consumption and weaning in Jewish infants (77 in the UK and 99 in Israel). Results: The prevalence of PA in the UK was 1.85%, and the prevalence in Israel was 0.17% (P <.001). Despite accounting for atopy, the adjusted risk ratio for PA between countries was 9.8 (95% CI, 3.1-30.5) in primary school children. Peanut is introduced earlier and is eaten more frequently and in larger quantities in Israel than in the UK. The median monthly consumption of peanut in Israeli infants aged 8 to 14 months is 7.1 g of peanut protein, and it is 0 g in the UK (P <.001). The median number of times peanut is eaten per month was 8 in Israel and 0 in the UK (P<.0001). Conclusions: We demonstrate that Jewish children in the UK have a prevalence of PA that is 10-fold higher than that of Jewish children in Israel. This difference is not accounted for by differences in atopy, social class, genetic background, or peanut allergenicity. Israeli infants consume peanut in high quantities in the first year of life, whereas UK infants avoid peanuts. These findings raise the question of whether early introduction of peanut during infancy, rather than avoidance, will prevent the development of PA. (J Allergy Clin Inummol 2008;122:994-91.) C1 [Du Toit, George; Fisher, Helen R.; Fox, Adam T.; Turcanu, Victor; Lack, Gideon] Kings Coll London, MRC, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Du Toit, George; Fisher, Helen R.; Fox, Adam T.; Turcanu, Victor; Lack, Gideon] Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Div Asthma Allergy & Lung Biol, Asthma UK Ctr Allerg Mech Asthma, London, England. [Katz, Yitzhak] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, Assaf Harofeh Med Ctr, Allergy & Immunol Inst, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Sasieni, Peter; Mesher, David] Barts & London Queen Marys Sch Med & Dent, Wolfson Inst Prevent Med, Canc Res UK Ctr Epidemiol Math & Stat, London, England. [Maleki, Soheila J.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. [Amir, Tal] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Haifa, Israel. [Livne, Irit] Sch Hlth & Hlth Educ, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Lack, G (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Evelina Childrens Hosp, Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Lambeth Palace Rd, London SE1 7EH, England. EM gideon.lack@kcl.ac.uk RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015; Fox, Adam/O-3547-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284; Mesher, David/0000-0001-9163-6757; Fox, Adam/0000-0002-3533-9798 FU National Peanut Board, United States; Aimwell Foundation; Department of Health; St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust; Israel Dairy Board; Food Standards Agency (UK); SHS Nutricia; ISHS International; Nestle; Immune Tolerance Network; Food Standard Agency; Food Allergy Initiative; Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network; Medical Research Council FX Supported by a research grant from the National Peanut Board, United States. This grant supported the project costs, including the salary of G.D.T. over the study duration. G.L.'s salary was in part supported by the Aimwell Foundation. Support was also provided by the Department of Health via the National Institute for Health Re search comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre award to Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust in partnership with King's College London.; Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: G. Du Toit has received research support front the Immune Tolerance Network and the National Peanut Board, United States. Y. Katz has received research support from the Israel Dairy Board and has provided legal consultation or expert witness testimony on the subject of milk exposure. S. J. Malcki has received research support from the Georgia Peanut Commission. V. Turcanu has received research support from the Food Standards Agency (UK). the National Peanut Board, United States. the Immune Tolerance Network. and the Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network. G. Lack has consulted for the advisory boards of Synovate, Novartis-Xolair, and ALK-Abello has given lectures supported by SHS Nutricia, ISHS International, and Nestle: has received research support from the Immune Tolerance Network. the National Peanut Board, United States. the Food Standard Agency, the Food Allergy Initiative, the Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network. and the Medical Research Council; and has served as a scientific advisor for the Anaphylaxis Campaign and the National Peanut Board, United States. The rest of the authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest. NR 47 TC 309 Z9 317 U1 3 U2 39 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 122 IS 5 BP 984 EP 991 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.08.039 PG 8 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 372ZF UT WOS:000260940100019 PM 19000582 ER PT J AU Lammers, PJ Kerr, BJ Weber, TE Bregendahl, K Lonergan, SM Prusa, KJ Ahn, DU Stoffregen, WC Dozier, WA Honeyman, MS AF Lammers, P. J. Kerr, B. J. Weber, T. E. Bregendahl, K. Lonergan, S. M. Prusa, K. J. Ahn, D. U. Stoffregen, W. C. Dozier, W. A., III Honeyman, M. S. TI Growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and tissue histology of growing pigs fed crude glycerin-supplemented diets SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biofuel; crude glycerin; fatty acid; growing pig; histology; meat quality ID APPARENT METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; PORK QUALITY; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; METHANOL TOXICITY; BROILER-CHICKENS; UREA NITROGEN; REQUIREMENTS; CONSEQUENCES; EFFICIENCY; STRESS AB The effects of dietary crude glycerin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality indices, and tissue histology in growing pigs were determined in a 138-d feeding trial. Crude glycerin utilized in the trial contained 84.51% glycerin, 11.95% water, 2.91% sodium chloride, and 0.32% methanol. Eight days postweaning, 96 pigs (48 barrows and 48 gilts, average BW of 7.9 +/- 0.4 kg) were allotted to 24 pens (4 pigs/pen), with sex and BW balanced at the start of the experiment. Dietary treatments were 0, 5, and 10% crude glycerin inclusion in corn-soybean meal-based diets and were randomly assigned to pens. Diets were offered ad libitum in meal form and formulated to be equal in ME, sodium, chloride, and Lys, with other AA balanced on an ideal AA basis. Pigs and feeders were weighed every other week to determine ADG, ADFI, and G: F. At the end of the trial, all pigs were scanned using real-time ultrasound and subsequently slaughtered at a commercial abattoir. Blood samples were collected pretransport and at the time of slaughter for plasma metabolite analysis. In addition, kidney, liver, and eye tissues were collected for subsequent examination for lesions characteristic of methanol toxicity. After an overnight chilling of the carcass, loins were removed for meat quality, sensory evaluation, and fatty acid profile analysis. Pig growth, feed intake, and G: F were not affected by dietary treatment. Dietary treatment did not affect 10th-rib backfat, LM area, percent fat free lean, meat quality, or sensory evaluation. Loin ultimate pH was increased (P = 0.06) in pigs fed the 5 and 10% crude glycerin compared with pigs fed no crude glycerin (5.65 and 5.65 versus 5.57, respectively). Fatty acid profile of the LM was slightly changed by diet with the LM from pigs fed 10% crude glycerin having less linoleic acid (P < 0.01) and more eicosapentaenoic acid (P = 0.02) than pigs fed the 0 or 5% crude glycerin diets. Dietary treatment did not affect blood metabolites or frequency of lesions in the examined tissues. This experiment demonstrated that pigs can be fed up to 10% crude glycerin with no effect on pig performance, carcass composition, meat quality, or lesion scores. C1 [Kerr, B. J.; Weber, T. E.] USDA ARS, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lammers, P. J.; Bregendahl, K.; Lonergan, S. M.; Ahn, D. U.; Honeyman, M. S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Prusa, K. J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Stoffregen, W. C.] USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Dozier, W. A., III] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Kerr, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Swine Odor & Manure Management Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM brian.kerr@ars.usda.gov RI Lonergan, Steven/O-6233-2016 FU Hatch Act; State of Iowa; USDA Special; USDA-ARS; Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, Ames, IA FX This project was supported by the Hatch Act, State of Iowa funds, USDA Special Grants, USDA-ARS, and the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, Ames, IA. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the staff at the Iowa State University Swine Nutrition Research Farm for data collection, the Iowa State University Agricultural Experiment Station Consulting Group for statistical assistance, J. Cook, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, for laboratory assistance, AG Processing Inc. (Sergeant Bluff, IA) for providing the crude glycerin, and DSM Nutritional Products Inc. (Parsippany, NJ) for providing the vitamin premix used in this research.. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendations or endorsement by Iowa State University or the USDA. NR 42 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 86 IS 11 BP 2962 EP 2970 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-0972 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 365RH UT WOS:000260425000017 PM 18599668 ER PT J AU Marchant-Forde, JN Lay, DC Marchant-Forde, RM McMunn, KA Richert, BT AF Marchant-Forde, J. N. Lay, D. C., Jr. Marchant-Forde, R. M. McMunn, K. A. Richert, B. T. TI The effects of R-salbutamol on behavior and physiology of finishing pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE behavior; husbandry; physiology; pig; salbutamol ID GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; REPARTITIONING AGENT; CARCASS MERIT; HEART-RATE; RACTOPAMINE; SWINE; CLENBUTEROL; FAT; CIMATEROL AB Salbutamol has potential for use as a repartioning agent in swine. The aims of this experiment were to determine effects of salbutamol on behavior and physiology of finishing pigs. The study used 192 pigs (88.8 +/- 0.9 kg of BW) housed in groups of 6 in 32 pens and assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) control-0 mg/kg of salbutamol, 2) 2R-control diet with 2 mg/kg of the pure R-enantiomer of salbutamol, 3) 4R-control diet with 4 mg/kg of pure R-salbutamol, or 4) 8RS-control diet with 8 mg/kg of a 50: 50 mixture of the R- and S-enantiomers. All diets were offered ad libitum for 4 wk. Salbutamol diets were replaced with control diets 24 to 48 h before slaughter. Behavioral responses to handling during weighing were recorded immediately before assignment to the treatments (wk 0) and at weekly intervals over the next 4-wk period. Behavioral and heart rate (HR) responses to a 10-min human presence test in the home pen were measured during wk 0, wk 1, and wk 3. Heart rate responses to a 36-min transportation were recorded. One pig from each pen had blood collected 4 times: during wk 0, 2, 4, and at exsanguination. Blood was analyzed for NEFA, creatine kinase, glucose, lactate, blood urea nitrogen, ammonia, insulin, cortisol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Data were analyzed using PROC GLM of SAS, with pen as the experimental unit. Treatment had no effect on time spent lying laterally, overall activity, or time spent alert. Treatment had no effect on handling measures (P > 0.05) or on behavioral responses to human presence (P > 0.05), with all pigs willing to spend similar amounts of time close to and touching the human. However, during the human presence test in wk 1 and wk 3, control pigs had HR around 10 peats per minute less (P < 0.05) than pigs in the other 3 treatments. During transport, overall HR were similar across treatments (P > 0.05). However, at certain 1-min time points, control pigs had greater HR than salbutamol-treated pigs (P < 0.05). There were no treatment differences in lactate, epinephrine, or norepinephrine concentrations at any point. During wk 4, control pigs had less creatine kinase (P < 0.02) and greater blood urea nitrogen (P < 0.005) compared with pigs fed all the salbutamol treatments. The home pen behavior, handling, human presence test, and transport results indicate that salbutamol-treated pigs do not show marked differences in home pen time budgets and behavioral and HR responses to handling and transportation compared with control pigs. Thus, salbutamol did not have a negative effect on finishing pig well-being during this study. C1 [Marchant-Forde, J. N.; Lay, D. C., Jr.; Marchant-Forde, R. M.; McMunn, K. A.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Richert, B. T.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Marchant-Forde, JN (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jeremy.marchant-forde@ars.usda.gov RI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/A-7616-2009 OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914 FU Stirling Products Ltd., Perth, Australia, FX This work was partly supported by Stirling Products Ltd., Perth, Australia, and we are grateful to C. London and M. Sadler for their input on experimental design. We thank J. Emilson, R. Byrd, and the other Purdue Animal Sciences Research and Education Center Swine Unit staff for technical assistance. We also thank USDA-ARS technicians G. Nowling, S. Peterson, K. Pohle, and L. Hasenour for help with data collection and analysis. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 86 IS 11 BP 3110 EP 3124 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1075 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 365RH UT WOS:000260425000032 PM 18539829 ER PT J AU Schenck, EL McMunn, KA Rosenstein, DS Stroshine, RL Nielsen, BD Richert, BT Marchant-Forde, JN Lay, DC AF Schenck, E. L. McMunn, K. A. Rosenstein, D. S. Stroshine, R. L. Nielsen, B. D. Richert, B. T. Marchant-Forde, J. N. Lay, D. C., Jr. TI Exercising stall-housed gestating gilts: Effects on lameness, the musculo-skeletal system, production, and behavior SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bone density; exercise; lameness; lying behavior; muscle weight; sow ID WEIGHT-BEARING EXERCISE; CULLING PATTERNS; LEG WEAKNESS; BONE; SWINE; REPLACEMENT; CONFINEMENT; COLLAGEN; YOUNG; RATS AB Lameness in breeding-age gilts and sows is a major cause of culling, resulting in increased economic losses and welfare concerns. This study determined if exercise during gestation would affect the musculo-skeletal system, production variables, and behavior. Gilts were blocked by BW and assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: control (n = 10; no exercise), low exercise (n = 14; 122 m/d for 5 d/wk), and high exercise (n = 14; 122 m/d for 2 d/wk and 427 m/d for 3 d/wk). All gilts were stall-housed during gestation, and gilts were exercised between d 35 and 110 of gestation. Lameness score, BCS, BW, and blood were taken at multiple points before gestation, and during gestation and lactation. Blood serum was analyzed for carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen. Sow lying behavior was recorded for 3 d after farrowing. Farrowing data included litter weight and size at birth and weaning, and preweaning mortality. After weaning, 38 sows were slaughtered and muscles and the bones of the left fore-and hind-limbs were harvested. Bone density and quality were determined by computed tomography (CT) scans, dual energy x-ray scans, and bone-breaking force tests. The control group took longer to lie down than both exercise groups, and the low exercise group took longer to lie down than the high exercise group (P < 0.05). The number of pigs weaned was greater in the high exercise group than the control group (P < 0.05). Piglet preweaning mortality was greatest in the control group compared with both exercise groups (P < 0.05). The low exercise treatments exhibited a greater bone density (CT) in the humerus, radius, and tibia compared with that of the control group (P < 0.05). The bone density (CT) of the humerus in the low exercise group was greater than that of the high exercise group (P = 0.03). Breaking force in the humerus and femur was greater (P < 0.05) in the low exercise group than the control group. Breaking force in the tibia of the high exercise group was greater than the control group (P = 0.01). The tibia of both the low and high exercise groups had a greater breaking force (P < 0.05) than the control group. Although there was no benefit of exercise on lameness, differences in bone density and quality, lying behavior, and piglet survivability may provide useful insight into alternative housing for sows. C1 [McMunn, K. A.; Marchant-Forde, J. N.; Lay, D. C., Jr.] USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Schenck, E. L.; Richert, B. T.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rosenstein, D. S.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Stroshine, R. L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Nielsen, B. D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lay, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Don.Lay@ars.usda.gov RI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/A-7616-2009 OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914 NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 86 IS 11 BP 3166 EP 3180 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1046 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 365RH UT WOS:000260425000037 PM 18567722 ER PT J AU Leeds, TD Mousel, MR Notter, DR Zerby, HN Moffet, CA Lewis, GS AF Leeds, T. D. Mousel, M. R. Notter, D. R. Zerby, H. N. Moffet, C. A. Lewis, G. S. TI B-mode, real-time ultrasound for estimating carcass measures in live sheep: Accuracy of ultrasound measures and their relationships with carcass yield and value SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE backfat thickness; carcass yield; longissimus muscle area; sheep; ultrasound ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ANIMAL MEASUREMENT; FAT THICKNESS; MUSCLE AREA; TRAITS; PREDICTION; LAMBS; MEAT; GROWTH; SYSTEM AB Accuracy and repeatability of live-animal ultrasound measures, and the relationships of these measures with subprimal yields and carcass value, were investigated using data from 172 wethers. Wethers were F-1 progeny from the mating of 4 terminal sire breeds to Rambouillet ewes and were finished in a feedlot to a mean BW of 62.9 kg (SD = 9.5 kg). Before transport to slaughter, LM area, LM depth, and backfat thickness were measured from transverse ultrasound images taken between the 12th and 13th ribs. After slaughter, these measures were taken on each carcass. Carcasses were fabricated into subprimal cuts, and weights were recorded. Ultrasound accuracy and repeatability were assessed using bias, SE of prediction, SE of repeatability, and simple correlations. Relationships among ultrasound and carcass measures, and between these measures and carcass yield and value, were evaluated using residual correlations and linear prediction models. Ultrasound bias approached 0 for LM area, and backfat thickness was overestimated by only 0.69 mm. The SE of prediction and r were 1.55 cm(2) and 0.75 for LM area, and 1.4 mm and 0.81 for backfat thickness, respectively. The SE of repeatability was 1.31 cm(2) and 0.75 mm for LM area and backfat thickness, respectively. At a standardized BW and backfat thickness, wethers with larger LM area and LM depth yielded larger and more valuable carcasses, and these relationships were detectable with ultrasound. For each SD increase in carcass LM area, dressing percentage increased 1.57 percentage points, gross carcass value increased US$5.12, and boxed carcass value increased US$6.84 (P < 0.001). For each SD increase in ultrasound LM area, dressing percentage increased 0.95 percentage points, gross carcass value increased US$3.15, and boxed carcass value increased US$3.86 (P < 0.001). When LM area effects were adjusted for carcass weight, the response in boxed carcass value attributed to disproportionate increases in high-value subprimal cut weights was small. Associations of dressing percentage and carcass value with ultrasound and carcass LM depth were significant (P < 0.01) but smaller than corresponding associations with LM area. These data indicate biological and economical incentives for increasing LM area in wethers, and live-animal ultrasound can provide reliable estimates of carcass measures. These results are applicable to terminal sire breeders and producers who market sheep using carcass-merit pricing systems. C1 [Leeds, T. D.; Mousel, M. R.; Moffet, C. A.; Lewis, G. S.] USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. [Notter, D. R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zerby, H. N.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Lewis, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM gregory.lewis@ars.usda.gov OI Mousel, Michelle/0000-0003-1367-7005; Moffet, Corey/0000-0002-7071-7539 NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 86 IS 11 BP 3203 EP 3214 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0836 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 365RH UT WOS:000260425000040 PM 18567727 ER PT J AU Allred, BW Snyder, KA AF Allred, B. W. Snyder, K. A. TI Ecophysiological responses of Chihuahuan desert grasses to fire SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Aristida purpurea; Bouteloua eriopoda; nitrogen; photosynthesis ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; ANDROPOGON-GERARDII; POSTFIRE RESPONSES; PRESCRIBED FIRE; WATER RELATIONS; PLANT SIZE; NITROGEN; SHRUB; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PRECIPITATION AB To better understand the effects of fire in the Chihuahuan desert, gas exchange characteristics of two dominant grass species, Bouteloua eriopoda and Aristida purpurea, and soil nitrogen availability were studied in response to prescribed fire at the Jornada Experimental Range in southern New Mexico. Burned and unburned plant individuals we re measured before and after fire. Rates of net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were highest in burned individuals, with those of A. purpurea exceeding B. eriopoda. Soil nitrogen supply rates increased compared to unburned controls. Similar to other grasslands where fire is common, physiological characteristics of vegetation responded positively. These adaptations indicate that fire may be beneficial in the preservation and restoration of native grasses. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Allred, B. W.; Snyder, K. A.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornado Exper Mental Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Allred, BW (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, 008C Ag Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM brady.allred@okstate.edu FU National Science Foundation Long-Term Ecological Research program [DEB 0618210]; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Jornada Experimental Range; USDA and the National Science Foundation [DEB 9411971] FX We thank Connio Maxwell, Jaime Midez, Deanna Stout and Rob Strahan for help in the field, and Kris Havstad and Debra Peters for logistical and research support. We also thank Shauna Uselman, Rod Will, and two reviewers for critical comments and suggestions on earlier versions of this manuscript. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Long-Term Ecological Research program (DEB 0618210). Rainfall data sets were provided by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Jornada Experimental Range. Funding for these data was provided by the USDA and the National Science Foundation (DEB 9411971). NR 37 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 72 IS 11 BP 1989 EP 1996 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.06.008 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 355PT UT WOS:000259721500002 ER PT J AU Wiens, GD Rockey, DD Wu, ZN Chang, J Levy, R Crane, S Chen, DS Capri, GR Burnett, JR Sudheesh, PS Schipma, MJ Burd, H Bhattacharyya, A Rhodes, LD Kaul, R Strom, MS AF Wiens, Gregory D. Rockey, Daniel D. Wu, Zaining Chang, Jean Levy, Ruth Crane, Samuel Chen, Donald S. Capri, Gina R. Burnett, Jeffrey R. Sudheesh, Ponnerassery S. Schipma, Matthew J. Burd, Henry Bhattacharyya, Anamitra Rhodes, Linda D. Kaul, Rajinder Strom, Mark S. TI Genome Sequence of the Fish Pathogen Renibacterium salmoninarum Suggests Reductive Evolution away from an Environmental Arthrobacter Ancestor SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; CHINOOK SALMON; CAUSATIVE AGENT; CELL-SURFACE; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PROTEIN P57; MSA GENES; VIRULENCE; TROUT AB Renibacterium salmoninarum is the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease and a significant threat to healthy and sustainable production of salmonid fish worldwide. This pathogen is difficult to culture in vitro, genetic manipulation is challenging, and current therapies and preventative strategies are only marginally effective in preventing disease. The complete genome of R. salmoninarum ATCC 33209 was sequenced and shown to be a 3,155,250-bp circular chromosome that is predicted to contain 3,507 open-reading frames (ORFs). A total of 80 copies of three different insertion sequence elements are interspersed throughout the genome. Approximately 21% of the predicted ORFs have been inactivated via frameshifts, point mutations, insertion sequences, and putative deletions. The R. salmoninarum genome has extended regions of synteny to the Arthrobacter sp. strain FB24 and Arthrobacter aurescens TC1 genomes, but it is approximately 1.9 Mb smaller than both Arthrobacter genomes and has a lower G+C content, suggesting that significant genome reduction has occurred since divergence from the last common ancestor. A limited set of putative virulence factors appear to have been acquired via horizontal transmission after divergence of the species; these factors include capsular polysaccharides, heme sequestration molecules, and the major secreted cell surface antigen p57 (also known as major soluble antigen). Examination of the genome revealed a number of ORFs homologous to antibiotic resistance genes, including genes encoding beta-lactamases, efflux proteins, macrolide glycosyltransferases, and rRNA methyltransferases. The genome sequence provides new insights into R. salmoninarum evolution and may facilitate identification of chemotherapeutic targets and vaccine candidates that can be used for prevention and treatment of infections in cultured salmonids. C1 [Wiens, Gregory D.] USDA ARS Natl Ctr Cool & Coldwater Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Rockey, Daniel D.; Capri, Gina R.; Burnett, Jeffrey R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Coll Vet Med, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wu, Zaining; Chang, Jean; Levy, Ruth; Kaul, Rajinder] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Med Genet, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wu, Zaining; Chang, Jean; Levy, Ruth; Kaul, Rajinder] Univ Washington, Genome Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Crane, Samuel; Chen, Donald S.; Sudheesh, Ponnerassery S.; Rhodes, Linda D.; Strom, Mark S.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Schipma, Matthew J.; Burd, Henry; Bhattacharyya, Anamitra] Integrated Gen Inc, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Strom, MS (reprint author), 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mark.strom@noaa.gov OI Wiens, Gregory/0000-0002-5478-7780; Rhodes, Linda/0000-0003-4995-9426 FU NSF/USDA Microbial Genome Sequencing Program [2004-35600-14173]; Agricultural Research Service CRIS project [1930-32000-002]; NOAA FCRPS Biological Opinion Implementation Project; NOAA Fisheries Service FX This project was funded by NSF/USDA Microbial Genome Sequencing Program agreement 2004-35600-14173 awarded to M. S. S., G. D. W., and D. D. R. G. D. W. was supported by Agricultural Research Service CRIS project 1930-32000-002 (Host-Pathogen and Environmental Interactions in Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture). M. S. S. was also supported by the NOAA FCRPS Biological Opinion Implementation Project and the NOAA Fisheries Service.; We thank Eric Haugen, Donald Bovee, Karen Phelps, Regina Lim, Will Gillett, Hillary Hayden, and Don Guenthener of the University of Washington Genome Center for sequencing support. Mark Zabriskie of the Oregon State University College of Pharmacy provided valuable analysis of genes involved in secondary metabolism, and Theresa Walunas of Integrated Genomics was instrumental in generation of genome maps and preparation of the genome sequence for submission to GenBank. We thank Walton W. Dickhoff for a critical review of the manuscript.; Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture and the U. S. Department of Commerce. NR 73 TC 25 Z9 181 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 190 IS 21 BP 6970 EP 6982 DI 10.1128/JB.00721-08 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 361ZF UT WOS:000260166900005 PM 18723615 ER PT J AU Fearer, TM Norman, GW Pack, JC Bittner, S Healy, WM AF Fearer, Todd M. Norman, Gary W. Pack, James C., Sr. Bittner, Steve Healy, William M. TI Influence of physiographic and climatic factors on spatial patterns of acorn production in Maryland and Virginia, USA SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Acorn production; Appalachian Mountains; climate; physiographic differences; Piedmont; Quercus alba; Quercus rubra; red oak; spatial synchrony; white oak ID CENTRAL COASTAL CALIFORNIA; OAKS; AUTOCORRELATION; POPULATIONS; SYNCHRONY; FORESTS; YIELDS AB Aim The aims of this study were to identify the effects physiographic differences have on the spatial synchrony of acorn production within red (Quercus rubra) and white (Quercus alba) oak subgenus groups, to identify climatic factors associated with acorn production patterns, and to assess if and how these relationships vary across a distinct physiographic boundary. Location Maryland and Virginia in the eastern United States. Methods Using data from 36 survey sites in Virginia (1973-2000) and Maryland (1977-2000), we described the spatial synchrony of annual acorn production based on Mantel tests and modified correlograms at three spatial scales: (1) the entire study area, (2) within two ecological regions (mountain and Piedmont), and (3) between these ecoregions. Using climate data obtained from the National Climate Data Centre, we described the relationship between climate and acorn production within each ecological region using linear regression. Results Spatial synchrony in the white oak group acorn production was strong among sites closest together, and declined with distance. The average April temperature during the year of acorn drop was positively related to acorn crop size within the mountain and Piedmont ecoregions. Spatial synchrony in the red oak group was strong among sites closest together and declined with distance in the mountain region. Synchrony was weaker in the Piedmont than in the mountain ecoregion and declined slightly with increasing distance. Between the mountain and Piedmont ecoregions, synchrony was not detected among the closest sites, but was detected with increasing strength as the distance between site pairs increased. In the Piedmont ecoregion, the number of April freeze events and total July precipitation, both 2 years prior to acorn drop, were negatively related to red oak acorn production. In the mountains, average July temperature 2 years prior to acorn drop was positively related to acorn production. Main conclusions Physiographic differences affected the spatial acorn production synchrony in the red oak but not in the white oak subgenus group. Climatic factors related to annual acorn production variability differed between subgenus groups and physiographic regions. The physiographic differences between the mountain and Piedmont ecoregions may define spatial patterns of acorn production synchrony in some oak species and mediate climatic influences on acorn production. C1 [Fearer, Todd M.] Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Arkansas Forest Resources Ctr, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. [Norman, Gary W.] Virginia Dept Game and Inland Fisheries, Verona, VA USA. [Pack, James C., Sr.] W Virginia Div Nat Resources, Elkins, WV USA. [Bittner, Steve] Wildlife & Heritage Serv, Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Annapolis, MD USA. [Healy, William M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Smithville, WV USA. RP Fearer, TM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Arkansas Forest Resources Ctr, POB 3468, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. EM fearer@uamont.edu FU Virginia, West Virginia; Maryland State Chapters of the National Wild Turkey Federation FX We thank the personnel of the Virginia Department of Game Inland Fisheries (VDGIF) and the Maryland Department of Natural Resources who participated in sampling acorn production. D. Martin and R. Crane of VDGIF provided valuable support in organizing and summarizing Virginia's data. R. Tucker and the data entry personnel of the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources Elkins office provided valuable assistance in keying data into a computer data base. W. Koenig provided FORTRAN code and initial guidance for implementing the modified correlograms. Comments by C. Copenheaver, C. Greenberg, O. Vetaas and two anonymous referees improved earlier drafts of this manuscript. This project was funded by the Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland State Chapters of the National Wild Turkey Federation. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 35 IS 11 BP 2012 EP 2025 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01960.x PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 359VK UT WOS:000260016000007 ER PT J AU Schober, TJ Bean, SR Boyle, DL Park, SH AF Schober, Tilman J. Bean, Scott R. Boyle, Daniel L. Park, Seok-Ho TI Improved viscoelastic zein-starch doughs for leavened gluten-free breads: Their rheology and microstructure SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Zein dough; Gluten-free bread; Rheology; Laser microscopy ID CELIAC-DISEASE; LARGE DEFORMATIONS; WHEAT GLUTENS; RICE-BREAD; PROTEINS; CULTIVARS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; SORGHUM AB Gluten-free bread was prepared from commercial zein (20 g), maize starch (80 g), water (75 g), saccharose, NaCl and dry yeast by mixing above zein's glass transition temperature (T(g)) at 40 degrees C. Addition of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC, 2 g) significantly improved quality, and the resulting bread resembled wheat bread having a regular, fine crumb grain, a round top and good aeration (specific volume 3.2 ml/g). In model studies, HPMC stabilized gas bubbles well. Additionally, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) revealed finer zein strands in the dough when HPMC was present, while dynamic oscillatory tests showed that HPMC rendered gluten-like hydrated zero above its T(g) softer (i.e. \G*\ was significantly lower). LSCM revealed that cooling below T(g) alone did not destroy the zein strands; however, upon mechanical impact below T(g), they shattered into small pieces. When such dough was heated above T(g) and then remixed, zein strands did not reform, and this dough lacked resistance in uniaxial extension tests. When within the breadmaking process, dough was cooled below T(g) and subsequently reheated, breads had large void spaces under the crust. Likely, expanding gas bubbles broke zein strands below T(g) resulting in structural weakness. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schober, Tilman J.; Bean, Scott R.; Park, Seok-Ho] ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Boyle, Daniel L.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Microscopy Facil, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Schober, TJ (reprint author), ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM tilman.schober@ars.usda.gov OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 36 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 42 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 755 EP 767 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2008.04.004 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 375BI UT WOS:000261087300028 ER PT J AU Chen, MH Bergman, CJ Pinson, SRM Fjellstrom, RG AF Chen, Ming-Hsuan Bergman, Christine J. Pinson, Shannon R. M. Fjellstrom, Robert G. TI Waxy gene haplotypes: Associations with pasting properties in an international rice germplasm collection SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Waxy gene; Single nucleotide polymorphism; RVA; Oryza sativa L. ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; APPARENT AMYLOSE CONTENT; STARCH PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; VISCOSITY CHARACTERISTICS; CHAIN-LENGTH; NONWAXY RICE; COOKED-RICE; AMYLOPECTIN; GELATINIZATION AB Associations between RVA pasting properties and three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in the Waxy gene intron 1, exon 6, and exon 10 were determined using rice genotypes of diverse geographic origin. A total of four SNP-haplotypes (combination of SNP alleles) were identified that explained high proportions of the variation in RVA pasting properties (R(2) = 0.574-0.704). A haplotype containing DNA sequence variation in exon 10 (exon 10 cytosine nucleotide) was exclusively found in high-apparent amylose content (AAC) genotypes with a higher RVA viscosity profile compared to the high AAC genotypes with a different haplotype. The exon 10 SNP explained variances in coolpaste and setback (coolpaste-hotpaste) to 0.642 and 0.499, respectively. Across three haplotypes, which contained exon 10 adenine nucleotide, AAC was correlated with peak, hotpaste, breakdown and setback (coolpaste-hotpaste) at r=-0.85. -0.75, -0.79, and 0.49, respectively. Therefore, the exon 10 SNP differentiates high AAC types with a strong RVA profile and thus can be used by molecular breeding programs focused on quality improvement. Additionally, characterizing genotypes by their functional SNPs allowed us to better understand the relationship between the Waxy gene, its chemical product (i.e.. AAC) and the functionality created by the product (i.e., pasting properties). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chen, Ming-Hsuan; Pinson, Shannon R. M.] ARS, USDA, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. [Bergman, Christine J.] Univ Nevada, Dept Food & Beverage, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Fjellstrom, Robert G.] Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Chen, MH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Rice Res Unit, 1509 Aggie Dr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. EM ming.chen@ars.usda.gov FU USA Rice Foundation FX The authors thank Janis Delgado, Naomi Gipson, Eric Christensen and Piper Roberts for their excellent technical support. This research was partially funded by the USA Rice Foundation. NR 41 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 781 EP 788 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2008.05.004 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 375BI UT WOS:000261087300031 ER PT J AU Martin, JM Beecher, B Giroux, MJ AF Martin, John M. Beecher, Brian Giroux, Michael J. TI White salted noodle characteristics from transgenic isolines of wheat over expressing puroindolines SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Puroindoline; Noodle quality; Wheat; Grain texture ID GRAIN HARDNESS; POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; WATER-ABSORPTION; ORIENTAL NOODLES; STARCH; QUALITY; FLOUR; FRIABILIN; SEQUENCE; BREAD AB The closely linked genes puroindoline a (Pina) and puroindoline b (Pinb) control most of the variation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain texture. Mutations in either Pina or Pinb result in hard grain with wild type forms of both genes giving soft grain. Asian noodles are prepared from both hard and soft classes of wheat. Our objective was to examine color and texture characteristics of white salted noodles processed from flours of transgenic isolines of Hi-Line hard red spring wheat over expressing Pina-D1a, Pinb-D1a or both and a control giving a range in grain texture from very soft to hard. White salted noodles were prepared and color and texture characteristics were measured. The three softer textured transgenic isolines showed greater change in L* with time than Hi-Line. The noodles were more adhesive (more negative value), firmer, and chewier as the grain texture became successively softer when cooked at 5 min. These texture differences were not as apparent when noodles were cooked for an optimum time. Starch pasting properties did not explain the noodle textural differences. A possible explanation for the noodle texture differences may be related to starch damage which ranged from 2.2% for HGAB to 6.7% for Hi-Line, flour particle size differences and subsequent water absorption differences among the four genotypes. Over expression of puroindolines did not enhance quality of white salted noodles when prepared under these conditions. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Martin, John M.; Giroux, Michael J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Beecher, Brian] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Martin, JM (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, POB 173140, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jmmartin@montana.edu FU USDA-ARS National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program [2004-35301-14538, 2007-35301-18135]; Montana Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank Jackie Kennedy and Harvey TeSlaa for expert technical assistance with noodle evaluation and Art Bettge for helpful suggestions on the manuscript. This research was supported by USDA-ARS National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program grants 2004-35301-14538, 2007-35301-18135 and by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 800 EP 807 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2008.06.001 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 375BI UT WOS:000261087300034 ER PT J AU Saltzmann, KD Giovanini, MP Zheng, C Williams, CE AF Saltzmann, Kurt D. Giovanini, Marcelo P. Zheng, Cheng Williams, Christie E. TI Virulent Hessian Fly Larvae Manipulate the Free Amino Acid Content of Host Wheat Plants SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gall midge; Wheat; Free amino acid; Triticum aestivum; Hessian fly; Compatible interaction; Mayetiola destructor ID PROLINE; GENE; DEFENSE; INSECT; RESISTANCE; CECIDOMYIIDAE; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION; GRASSES; DIPTERA AB Gall-forming insects induce host plants to form specialized structures (galls) that provide immature life stages of the insect access to host plant nutrients and protection from natural enemies. Feeding by larvae of the Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor Say) causes susceptible host wheat plants to produce a gall-like nutritive tissue that supports larval growth and development. To determine if changes in host plant free amino acid levels are associated with virulent Biotype L Hessian fly larval feeding, we quantified free amino acid levels in crown tissues of susceptible Newton wheat plants 1, 4, and 7 days after Hessian fly egg hatch. Hessian fly-infested susceptible plants were more responsive than resistant plants or uninfested controls, showing higher concentrations of alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, phenylalanine, proline, and serine 4 days after egg hatch. This 4-day post-hatch time point corresponds to the maturation of nutritive tissue cells in susceptible plants and the onset of rapid larval growth. By 7 days after egg hatch, when virulent second instars are actively feeding on the contents of nutritive tissue cells, the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine were more abundant compared to uninfested controls, but the levels of other free amino acids were no longer elevated. Changes in free amino acid abundance described in this report were associated with increased levels of mRNA encoded by wheat genes involved in amino acid synthesis and transport. C1 [Saltzmann, Kurt D.; Williams, Christie E.] ARS, USDA, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Saltzmann, Kurt D.; Williams, Christie E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Giovanini, Marcelo P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zheng, Cheng] Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Williams, CE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM christie.williams@ars.usda.gov RI Saltzmann, Kurt/A-6827-2009 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; Purdue University [2007-18245]; USDA CRIS [3602-22000-014-00D]; CAPES program (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior); Ministry of Education of Brazil FX This work is a joint contribution by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and Purdue University, was supported by USDA CRIS number 3602-22000-014-00D and is Purdue University agricultural experiment station journal article number 2007-18245. M. P. Giovanini received a research fellowship from the CAPES program (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior) at the Ministry of Education of Brazil. The authors thank Dr. Herbert Ohm for providing Newton and H9-Iris wheat seeds, Dr. Subhashree Subramanyam, Jill Nemacheck, and Stephen Baluch for critical reading of the manuscript, Sue Cambron for maintaining Hessian fly stocks, and Jill Nemacheck for assistance with Affymetrix micorarray probe set annotation. NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 EI 1573-1561 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1401 EP 1410 DI 10.1007/s10886-008-9544-x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 368ZZ UT WOS:000260663600004 PM 18841417 ER PT J AU Nelson, LJ Cool, LG Solek, CW Haverty, MI AF Nelson, Lori J. Cool, Laurence G. Solek, Christopher W. Haverty, Michael I. TI Cuticular Hydrocarbons and Soldier Defense Secretions of Reticulitermes in Southern California: A Critical Analysis of the Taxonomy of the Genus in North America SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Isoptera; Rhinotermitidae; Reticulitermes; Chemotaxonomy; Cuticular hydrocarbons; Soldier defense secretions; Subterranean termites ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; VIRGINICUS BANKS ISOPTERA; SPP. ISOPTERA; FLAVIPES KOLLAR; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; CHEMICAL ECOLOGY; CHEMOTAXONOMIC CHARACTERS; COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES AB Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC) and soldier defense secretions (SDS) were characterized for collections of Reticulitermes from six counties (Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, and Santa Barbara) in southern California. Collection sites included the type locality for R. hesperus, Lake Arrowhead (formerly known as Little Bear Lake) in the San Bernardino Mountains. In southern California, there are two CHC phenotypes, SC-A and SC-B, which are easily distinguished by the presence or absence of 5-methyl pentacosane, 5-methyl heptacosane, 5,17-dimethyl pentacosane, and 5,17-dimethyl heptacosane. These phenotypes are similar, but not identical, to previously designated phenotypes of Reticulitermes from northern California. The SDS of termites collected from southern California were characterized; (-)-germacrene A was abundant in all but the four samples from Lake Arrowhead. Soldiers of phenotype SC-A produced > 79% germacrene A. The four samples from Lake Arrowhead produced no germacrene A, but contained > 78% gamma-cadinene. The SDS from the Lake Arrowhead samples were more similar to those of CA-A/CA-A' from northern California than to any of the CHC phenotypes from southern California. Soldiers of CHC phenotype SC-B produced germacrene A, with the proportion varying from 16.2 to 98.7%. The SDS of SC-B were more similar to those of SC-A than to any of the phenotypes from northern California. The CHC phenotype SC-A found in southern California likely represents R. hesperus and SC-B appears to be a new, as yet undescribed species. We discuss the state of current taxonomic research on Reticulitermes. C1 [Nelson, Lori J.; Haverty, Michael I.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. [Cool, Laurence G.; Solek, Christopher W.; Haverty, Michael I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nelson, LJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, POB 245, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. EM lnelson@fs.fed.us NR 92 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 EI 1573-1561 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1452 EP 1475 DI 10.1007/s10886-008-9548-6 PG 24 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 368ZZ UT WOS:000260663600010 PM 18941841 ER PT J AU Svetoch, EA Levchuk, VP Pokhilenko, VD Eruslanov, BV Mitsevich, EV Mitsevich, IP Perelygin, VV Stepanshin, YG Stern, NJ AF Svetoch, Edward A. Levchuk, Vladimir P. Pokhilenko, Victor D. Eruslanov, Boris V. Mitsevich, Evgenii V. Mitsevich, Irina P. Perelygin, Vladimir V. Stepanshin, Yuri G. Stern, Norman J. TI Inactivating Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Other Pathogens by Use of Bacteriocins OR-7 and E 50-52 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Svetoch, Edward A.; Levchuk, Vladimir P.; Pokhilenko, Victor D.; Eruslanov, Boris V.; Mitsevich, Evgenii V.; Mitsevich, Irina P.; Perelygin, Vladimir V.; Stepanshin, Yuri G.] SRCAMP, Obolensk, Russia. [Stern, Norman J.] USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Svetoch, EA (reprint author), SRCAMP, Obolensk, Russia. EM norman.stern@ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 46 IS 11 BP 3863 EP 3865 DI 10.1128/JCM.01081-08 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 367DH UT WOS:000260532200059 PM 18768652 ER PT J AU Everitt, JH Yang, C Sriharan, S Jud, FW AF Everitt, J. H. Yang, C. Sriharan, S. Jud, F. W. TI Using High Resolution Satellite Imagery to Map Black Mangrove on the Texas Gulf Coast SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; QuickBird satellite imagery; computer image analysis; accuracy assessment; Texas Gulf Coast; Avicennia germinans ID REMOTE-SENSING TECHNIQUES; AVICENNIA-GERMINANS; ECOSYSTEM AB QuickBird false color satellite imagery was evaluated for distinguishing black mangrove [Avicennia germinans (L.) L.] populations on the south Texas Gulf Coast. The imagery had three bands (green, red, and near-infrared) and contained 11-bit data. Two subsets of the satellite image were extracted and used as test sites. Supervised and unsupervised image analysis techniques were used to classify the imagery. For the supervised classification of site 1, black mangrove had a producer's accuracy of 82.1% and a user's accuracy of 95.8%, whereas for the unsupervised classification, black mangrove had a producer's accuracy of 100% and a user's accuracy of 60.9%. In the supervised classification of site 2, black mangrove had a producer's accuracy of 91.7% and a user's accuracy of 100%, whereas in the unsupervised classification, black mangrove had a producer's accuracy of 100% and a user's accuracy of 85.7%. These results indicate that QuickBird imagery combined with image analysis techniques can be used successfully to distinguish and map black mangrove along the south Texas Gulf Coast. C1 [Everitt, J. H.; Yang, C.] USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Sriharan, S.] Virginia State Univ, Sch Agr Sci & Technol, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. [Jud, F. W.] Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Biol, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Everitt, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM james.everitt@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 13 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 12 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1582 EP 1586 DI 10.2112/07-0987.1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 377QW UT WOS:000261266700023 ER PT J AU Vibart, RE Fellner, V Burns, JC Huntington, GB Green, JT AF Vibart, Ronaldo E. Fellner, Vivek Burns, Joseph C. Huntington, Gerald B. Green, James T., Jr. TI Performance of lactating dairy cows fed varying levels of total mixed ration and pasture SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Intake; pasture; partial mixed ration; grazing ID MILK-PRODUCTION; FEEDING SYSTEMS; ACID; HOLSTEIN; UREA; FAT AB Two, 8-week experiments, each using 30 lactating Holstein cows, were conducted to examine performance of animals offered combinations of total mixed ration (TMR) and high-quality pasture. Experiment 1 was initiated in mid October 2004 and Experiment 2 was initiated in late March 2005. Cows were assigned to either a 100% TMR diet (100:00, no access to pasture) or one of the following three formulated partial mixed rations (PMR) targeted at (1) 85% TMR and 15% pasture, (2) 70% TMR and 30% pasture and (3) 55% TMR and 45% pasture. Based on actual TMR and pasture intake, the dietary TMR and pasture proportions of the three PMR in Experiment 1 were 79% TMR and 21% pasture (79:21), 68% TMR and 32% pasture (68:32), and 59% TMR and 41% pasture (59:41), respectively. Corresponding proportions in Experiment 2 were 89% TMR and 11% pasture (89:11), 79% TMR and 21% pasture (79:21) and 65% TMR and 35% pasture (65:35), respectively. Reducing the proportion of TMR in the diets increased pasture consumption of cows on all PMR, but reduced total dry matter intake compared with cows on 100:00. An increase in forage from pasture increased the concentration of conjugated linoleic acids and decreased the concentration of saturated fatty acids in milk. Although milk and milk protein yields from cows grazing spring pastures (Experiment 2) increased with increasing intakes of TMR, a partial mixed ration that was composed of 41 pasture grazed in the fall (Experiment 1) resulted in a similar overall lactation performance with increased feed efficiency compared to an all-TMR ration. C1 [Vibart, Ronaldo E.; Fellner, Vivek; Burns, Joseph C.; Huntington, Gerald B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, Joseph C.; Green, James T., Jr.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, Joseph C.; Green, James T., Jr.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Fellner, V (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Box 7621, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Vivek_Fellner@ncsu.edu NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 17 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-0299 J9 J DAIRY RES JI J. Dairy Res. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 75 IS 4 BP 471 EP 480 DI 10.1017/S0022029908003361 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 377ME UT WOS:000261254500013 PM 18701000 ER PT J AU Boehmer, JL Bannerman, DD Shefcheck, K Ward, JL AF Boehmer, J. L. Bannerman, D. D. Shefcheck, K. Ward, J. L. TI Proteomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins in Bovine Milk During Experimentally Induced Escherichia coli Mastitis SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE proteomic analysis; coliform mastitis; milk protein ID ENDOTOXIN-INDUCED MASTITIS; INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DAIRY-COWS; CLINICAL MASTITIS; MAMMARY-GLAND; ALPHA-1-ACID GLYCOPROTEIN; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; SERUM-ALBUMIN; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE AB The objectives of the current study were to profile changes in protein composition using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis on whey samples from a group of 8 cows before and 18 h after infection with Escherichia coli and to identify differentially expressed milk proteins by peptide sequencing using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry post source decay. Only proteins present in whey fractions of all 8 cows were sequenced to avoid reporting a protein response unique to only a subset of infected cows. Despite the overwhelming presence of casein and B-lactoglobulin, the low abundance proteins transthyretin, lactadherin, beta-2-microglobulin precursor, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, and complement C3 precursor could be identified in whey samples from healthy cows. Whey samples at 18 h postinfection were characterized by an abundance of serum albumin, in spots of varying mass and isoelectric point, as well as increased transthyretin and complement C3 precursor levels. Also detected at 18 h postinoculation were the antimicrobial peptides cathelicidin, indolicidin, and bactenecin 5 and 7, and the proteins beta-fibrinogen, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, S100-A12, and alpha-1-antiproteinase. Most notable was the detection of the acute phase protein alpha-1-acid glycoprotein in mastitic whey samples, a result not previously reported. In contrast to methods used in previous proteomic analyses of bovine milk, the methods used in the current study enabled the rapid identification of milk proteins with minimal sample preparation. Use of a larger sample size than previous analyses also allowed for more robust protein identification. Results indicate that examination of the protein profile of whey samples from cows after inoculation with E. coli could provide a rapid survey of milk protein modulation during coliform mastitis and aid in the identification of biomarkers of this disease. C1 [Boehmer, J. L.; Ward, J. L.] US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Boehmer, J. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shefcheck, K.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bannerman, D. D.] ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Boehmer, JL (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jamie.boehmer@fda.hhs.gov NR 35 TC 60 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 91 IS 11 BP 4206 EP 4218 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1297 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 363OS UT WOS:000260277200013 PM 18946125 ER PT J AU VanRaden, PM AF VanRaden, P. M. TI Efficient Methods to Compute Genomic Predictions SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genomic selection; mixed model; computer program; relationship matrix ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; WIDE SELECTION; BREEDING VALUE; TECHNICAL NOTE; DAIRY-CATTLE; POPULATIONS; INFORMATION; STRATEGIES; PEDIGREE; GENE AB Efficient methods for processing genomic data were developed to increase reliability of estimated breeding values and to estimate thousands of marker effects simultaneously. Algorithms were derived and computer programs tested with simulated data for 2,967 bulls and 50,000 markers distributed randomly across 30 chromosomes. Estimation of genomic inbreeding coefficients required accurate estimates of allele frequencies in the base population. Linear model predictions of breeding values were computed by 3 equivalent methods: 1) iteration for individual allele effects followed by summation across loci to obtain estimated breeding values, 2) selection index including a genomic relationship matrix, and 3) mixed model equations including the inverse of genomic relationships. A blend of first- and second-order Jacobi iteration using 2 separate relaxation factors converged well for allele frequencies and effects. Reliability of predicted net merit for young bulls was 63% compared with 32% using the traditional relationship matrix. Nonlinear predictions were also computed using iteration on data and nonlinear regression on marker deviations; an additional (about 3%) gain in reliability for young bulls increased average reliability to 66%. Computing times increased linearly with number of genotypes. Estimation of allele frequencies required 2 processor days, and genomic predictions required < 1 d per trait, and traits were processed in parallel. Information from genotyping was equivalent to about 20 daughters with phenotypic records. Actual gains may differ because the simulation did not account for linkage disequilibrium in the base population or selection in subsequent generations. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP VanRaden, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM paul.vanraden@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 854 Z9 870 U1 10 U2 134 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 91 IS 11 BP 4414 EP 4423 DI 10.3168/jds.2007-0980 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 363OS UT WOS:000260277200035 PM 18946147 ER PT J AU Tazehkand, SS Torkzaban, S Bradford, SA Walker, SL AF Tazehkand, Shiva S. Torkzaban, Saeed Bradford, Scott A. Walker, Sharon L. TI Cell Preparation Methods Influence Escherichia Coli D21g Surface Chemistry and Transport in Saturated Sand SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID COLLOID FILTRATION THEORY; SECONDARY ENERGY MINIMUM; POROUS-MEDIA; BACTERIAL ADHESION; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; HYDROPHOBICITY; DEPOSITION; REENTRAINMENT; GROUNDWATER AB The effect of cell preparation methods on the surface chemistry and retention of Escherichia coli D21 g was investigated over. range of ionic strength conditions. The cell preparation methods that were considered included filtration and centrifugation (at various speeds and for different durations). For a given ionic strength condition, it was found that cells prepared by filtration were more negatively charged and hydrophobic than cells prepared by centrifugation. Increasing the centrifugation speed (force imposed) or duration produced cells with a higher zeta potential (less negative) and a lower hydrophobicity. Column transport experiments for E. coli D21 g were also conducted with ultra pure quartz sand and the same solution chemistries. The first-order retention rate coefficient for E coli D21 g increased with increasing speed and duration of centrifugation, and was lowest in the case of filtered cells. Moreover, the influence of cell preparation method was more pronounced in lower ionic strength Solutions. C1 [Bradford, Scott A.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. [Tazehkand, Shiva S.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Earth Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Torkzaban, Saeed; Walker, Sharon L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 4500 Glenwood Dr, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. EM Scott.Bradford@ars.usda.gov RI Torkzaban, Saeed/G-7377-2013 OI Torkzaban, Saeed/0000-0002-5146-9461 FU USDA-ARS [NRI #:2006-02541]; EPA [DW-12-92189901-0] FX This research was supported by the 206 Manure and Byproduct Utilization Project of the USDA-ARS, by a grant from NRI (NRI #:2006-02541), arid an interagency agreement with the EPA (JAG # DW-12-92189901-0). Mention of trade names and company names in this manuscript does not imply any endorsement NR 41 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 6 BP 2108 EP 2115 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0023 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 372ZW UT WOS:000260941800013 PM 18948464 ER PT J AU Ippolito, JA Barbarick, KA AF Ippolito, J. A. Barbarick, K. A. TI Fate of Biosolids Trace Metals in a Dryland Wheat Agroecosystem SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SLUDGE-TREATED SOILS; CLAY LOAM SOIL; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; HEAVY-METALS; AMENDED SOILS; SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION; BIOAVAILABILITY; FRACTIONATION; CADMIUM; ZN AB Biosolids land application for beneficial reuse applies varying amounts of trace metals to soils. Measuring plant-available or total soil metals is typically performed to ensure environmental protection, but these techniques do not quanti l which soil phases play important roles in terms of metal release or attenuation. This study assessed the distribution of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn associated with soluble/exchangeable, specifically adsorbed/carbonate-bound, amorphous Mn hydroxyoxide-bound, amorphous Fe hydroxyoxide-bound, organically complexed, and residual inorganic phases. Biosolids were applied every 2 yr from 1982 to 2002 (except in 1998) at rates of 0, 6.7, 13.4, 26.8, and 40.3 dry Mg biosolids ha(-1) to 3.6- by 17.1-m plots. In 2003, 0- to 20-cm and 20- to 60-cm soil depths were collected and subjected to 4 mol L-1 HNO3 digestion and sequential extraction. Trace metals were concentrated in the 0- to 20-cm depth, with no significant observable downward Movement using 4 mol L-1 HNO3 or sequential extraction. The sequential extraction showed nearly all measurable Cd present in relatively mobile forms and Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn present in more resistant phases. Biosolids application did not affect Cd or Cr fractionation but did increase relatively immobile Cu, Mo, and Zn phases and relatively mobile Cu, Ni, and Pb pools. The mobile phases have not contributed to significant downward metal movement. Long-term, repeated biosolids applications at rates considered several times greater than agronomic levels should nor significantly contribute to downward metal transport and ground water contamination for soils under similar climatic conditions, agronomic practices, and histories. C1 [Ippolito, J. A.] USDA ARS, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Barbarick, K. A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ippolito, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jim.ippolito@ars.usda.gov RI Barbarick, Kenneth/B-7974-2013 OI Barbarick, Kenneth/0000-0002-8779-0740 FU USEPA Region 8 [CP988928-01] FX The USDA-ARS and Colorado State University gratefully acknowledge USEPA Region 8 (Grant #CP988928-01) for its financial, technical, and administrative assistance in funding and managing the project through which this information was discovered. We thank the cities of Littleton and Englewood, Colorado, for their continued support of this project. We also thank Mr. Robert Brobst with US EIIA Region 8 for his longterm commitment to this project. NR 65 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 6 BP 2135 EP 2144 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0064 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 372ZW UT WOS:000260941800016 PM 18948467 ER PT J AU Bridges, M Henry, WB Shaner, DL Khosla, R Westra, P Reich, R AF Bridges, Melissa Henry, W. Brien Shaner, Dale L. Khosla, R. Westra, Phil Reich, Robin TI Spatial Variability of Atrazine and Metolachlor Dissipation on Dryland No-tillage Crop Fields in Colorado SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MANAGEMENT ZONES; ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; ACCELERATED DEGRADATION; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; MINERALIZATION; SORPTION; BIODEGRADATION; ISOPROTURON; HISTORY AB An area of interest in precision farming is variable-rate application of herbicides to optimize herbicide use efficiency and minimize negative off-site and non-target effects. Site-specific weed management based on field scale management zones derived from soil characteristics known to affect soil-applied herbicide efficacy could alleviate challenges posed by post-emergence precision weed management. Two commonly used soil-applied herbicides in dryland corn (Zea mays L) production are atrazine and metolachlor. Accelerated dissipation of atrazine has been discovered recently in irrigated corn fields in eastern Colorado. The objectives of this study were (i) to compare the rates of dissipation of atrazine and metolachlor across different soil zones from three dryland no-tillage fields under laboratory incubation conditions and (ii) to determine if rapid dissipation of atrazine and/or metolachlor occurred in dryland soils. Herbicide dissipation was evaluated at time points between 0 and 35 d after soil treatment using a toluene extraction procedure with GC/MS analysis. Differential rates of atrazine and metolachlor dissipation occurred between two soil zones on two of three fields evaluated. Accelerated atrazine dissipation occurred in soil from all fields of this study, with half-lives ranging from 1.8 to 3.2 d in the laboratory. The rapid atrazine dissipation rates were likely attributed to the history of atrazine use on all fields investigated in this study. Metolachlor dissipation was not considered accelerated and exhibited half-lives ranging from 9.0 to 10.7 d in the laboratory. C1 [Bridges, Melissa] Colorado State Univ, Dep Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Henry, W. Brien] Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Shaner, Dale L.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Khosla, R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Westra, Phil] Colorado State Univ, Dep Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Weed Res Lab 112, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reich, Robin] Colorado State Univ, Dep Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Bridges, M (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dep Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Campus Delivery 1179, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Melissa.Bridges@colostate.edu OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 6 BP 2212 EP 2220 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0568 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 372ZW UT WOS:000260941800023 PM 18948474 ER PT J AU Fang, Q Ma, L Yu, Q Malone, RW Saseendran, SA Ahuja, LR AF Fang, Q. Ma, L. Yu, Q. Malone, R. W. Saseendran, S. A. Ahuja, L. R. TI Modeling Nitrogen and Water Management Effects in a Wheat-Maize Double-Cropping System SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NORTH CHINA PLAIN; QUALITY MODEL; N LOSS; NITRATE; RZWQM; ZONE; SOIL; GROUNDWATER; IRRIGATION; YIELD AB Excessive N and water use in agriculture causes environmental degradation and can potentially jeopardize the sustainability of the system. A field study was conducted from 2000 to 2002 to study the effects of four N treatments (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg N ha(-1) per crop) on a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Z a mays L.) double cropping system under 70 +/- 15% field capacity in the North China Plain (NCP). The root zone water quality model (RZWQM), with the crop estimation through resource and environment synthesis (CERES) plant growth modules incorporated, was evaluated for its simulation of crop production, Soil water, and N leaching in the double cropping system. Soil water content, biomass, and grain yield were better simulated with normalized root mean square errors (NRMSE, RMSE divided by mean observed value) from 0.11 to 0.15 than soil NO3-N and plant N uptake that had NRMSE from 0.19 to 0.43 across these treatments. The long-term simulation with historical weather data showed that, at 200 kg N ha(-1) per crop application rate, auto-irrigation triggered at 50% of the field capacity and recharged to 60% field capacity in the 0- to 50-cm soil profile were adequate for obtaining acceptable yield levels in this intensified double cropping system. Results also showed potential savings of more than 30% of the current N application rates per crop from 300 to 200 kg N ha(-1), which could reduce about 60% of the N leaching without compromising crop yields. C1 [Ma, L.; Saseendran, S. A.; Ahuja, L. R.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Fang, Q.] Qingdao Agr Univ, Agron Coll, Qingdao, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Yu, Q.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Malone, R. W.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ma, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM liwang.ma@ars.usda.gov RI Yu, Qiang/D-3702-2009 OI Yu, Qiang/0000-0001-6950-1821 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30800164] FX This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30800164). NR 52 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 6 BP 2232 EP 2242 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0601 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 372ZW UT WOS:000260941800025 PM 18948476 ER PT J AU Lentz, RD Andrawes, FF Barvenik, FW Koehn, AC AF Lentz, R. D. Andrawes, F. F. Barvenik, F. W. Koehn, A. C. TI Acrylamide Monomer Leaching from Polyacrylamide-Treated Irrigation Furrows SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOIL; FIELD; DEGRADATION; EXTRACTION; TRANSPORT; SAMPLERS; EROSION AB Water-soluble anionic polyacrylamide (WSPAM), which is used to reduce erosion in furrow irrigated fields and other agriculture applications, contains less than 0.05% acrylamide monomer (AMD). Acrylamide monomer, a potent neurotoxicant and Suspected carcinogen, is readily dissolved and transported in flowing water. The study quantified AMD leaching losses from a WSPAM-treated corn (Zea mays L.) field using continuous extraction-walled percolation samplers buried at 1.2 m depth. The samplers were placed 30 and 150 m from the inflow source along a 180-m-long corn field. The field was furrow irrigated using WSPAM at the rate of 10 mg L-1 during furrow advance. Percolation water and furrow inflows were monitored for AMD during and after three furrow irrigations. The samples were analyzed for AMD using a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron-capture detector. Furrow inflows contained an average AMD concentration of 5.5 mu g L-1. The AMD in percolation water samples never exceeded the minimum detection limit and the de facto potable water standard of 0.5 g L-1. The risk that ground water beneath these WSPAM-treated furrow irrigated soils will be contaminated with AMD appears minimal. C1 [Lentz, R. D.; Koehn, A. C.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Andrawes, F. F.; Barvenik, F. W.] CYTEC Res & Dev, Stamford, CT 06904 USA. RP Lentz, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM rick.lentz@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 6 BP 2293 EP 2298 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0574 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 372ZW UT WOS:000260941800032 PM 18948483 ER PT J AU Tanner, BD Brooks, JP Gerba, CP Haas, CN Josephson, KL Pepper, IL AF Tanner, Benjamin D. Brooks, John P. Gerba, Charles P. Haas, Charles N. Josephson, Karen L. Pepper, Ian L. TI Estimated Occupational Risk from Bioaerosols Generated during Land Application of Class B Biosolids SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SPRAY IRRIGATION SITE; DOSE-RESPONSE MODELS; WASTE-WATER; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; BACTERIA; TRANSPORT; AEROSOLS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PATHOGENS; RATES AB Some speculate that bioaerosols from land application of biosolids pose occupational risks, but few studies have assessed aerosolization of microorganisms from biosolids or estimated occupational risks of infection. This study investigated levels of microorganisms in air immediately downwind of land application operations and estimated occupational risks from aerosolized microorganisms. In all, more than 300 air samples were collected downwind of biosolids application sites at various locations within the United States. Coliform bacteria, coliphages, and heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria were enumerated from air and biosolids at each site. Concentrations of coliforms relative to Salmonella and concentrations of coliphage relative to enteroviruses in biosolids were used, in conjunction with levels of coliforms and coliphages measured in air during this study, to estimate exposure to Salmonella and enteroviruses in air. The HPC bacteria Were ubiquitous in air near land application sites whether or not biosolids were being applied, and concentrations were positively correlated to windspeed. Coliform bacteria were detected only when biosolids were being applied to land or loaded into land applicators. Coliphages were detected in few air samples, and only when biosolids were being loaded into land applicators. In general, environmental parameters had little impact on concentrations of microorganisms in air immediately downwind of land application. The method of land application was most correlated to aerosolization. From this large body of data, the occupational risk of infection from bioaerosols was estimated to be 0.78 to 2.1%/yr. Extraordinary exposure scenarios carried an estimated annual risk of infection of tip to 34%, with viruses posing the greatest threat. Risks from aerosolized microorganisms at biosolids land application sires appear to be lower than those at wastewater treatment plants, based on previously reported literature. C1 [Tanner, Benjamin D.] Antimicrobial Test Labs, Round Rock, TX 78665 USA. [Brooks, John P.] USDA ARS, Waste Management Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Gerba, Charles P.; Josephson, Karen L.; Pepper, Ian L.] Univ Arizona, Dep Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Haas, Charles N.] Drexel Univ, Dep Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Tanner, BD (reprint author), Antimicrobial Test Labs, 3000 Joe DiMaggio Blv,Ste 32, Round Rock, TX 78665 USA. EM Ben@AntimicrobialTestLaboratories.com RI Haas, Charles/G-8830-2011 OI Haas, Charles/0000-0002-9255-9930 FU University of Arizona National Science Foundation Water Quality Center in Tucson, AZ FX This work was supported by The University of Arizona National Science Foundation Water Quality Center in Tucson, AZ. NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 6 BP 2311 EP 2321 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0193 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 372ZW UT WOS:000260941800034 PM 18948485 ER PT J AU de Koff, JP Lee, BD Dungan, RS AF de Koff, J. P. Lee, B. D. Dungan, R. S. TI Amelioration of Physical Strength in Waste Foundry Green Sands for Reuse as a Soil Amendment SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SEMIARID NORTHERN CAMEROON; HARD-SETTING SOILS; LOAM SOIL; CALCIUM; GROWTH; MINERALOGY; PRODUCTS; SODIUM; COTTON AB To avoid increasing costs of landfill disposal, it has become increasingly important for U.S. foundries to identify beneficial reuses for the 8 to 12 million tons of waste foundry sand (WFS) generated annually. A major drawback to the reuse of some WFSs as a soil amendment is their high soil strength, under dry conditions, where root growth may be limited. Fifteen WFSs were analyzed for strength to rupture using tab-formed clods, exchangeable cations (Na, Mg, Ca), metal oxide concentration (Fe, Mn, Al, Si), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and % clay. Several WFS samples from gray iron foundries demonstrated high strength to rupture values (> 1.5 MPa), and could potentially restrict root growth in amended soils. The percentage of Na-bentonite exhibited a positive correlation (R-2 = 0.84) with strength to rupture values. When WFSs containing more Na-bentonite were saturated with I mol L-1 Ca ions, strength values decreased by similar to 70%. Waste foundry sands containing less Na-bentonite were saturated with I mol L-1 Na ions and exhibited a threefold increase in strength. Additions of gypsum (up to 9.6 g kg(-1) sand) to high strength waste Foundry sands also caused decreases in strength. These results indicate that high strength WFSs have properties similar to hardsetting soils which are caused by high Na+ clay content and can be ameliorated by the addition of Ca2+. C1 [de Koff, J. P.; Lee, B. D.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dungan, R. S.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP de Koff, JP (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jdekoff@purdue.edu FU USDA-Specific Cooperative Agreement FX This study was funded in part by a USDA-Specific Cooperative Agreement. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 6 BP 2332 EP 2338 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0397 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 372ZW UT WOS:000260941800036 PM 18948487 ER PT J AU Shipitalo, MJ Bonta, JV AF Shipitalo, Martin J. Bonta, James V. TI Impact of Using Paper Mill Sludge for Surface-Mine Reclamation on Runoff Water Quality and Plant Growth SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID 3 OHIO WATERSHEDS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SOIL; AMENDMENTS; PULP AB Paper mills generate large amounts of solid waste consisting of fibrous cellulose, clay, and lime. Paper mill Sludge (PMS) can improve reclamation of surface-coal mines where low pH and organic-carbon levels in the spoil cover material can inhibit revegetation. When applied at high rates, however, PMS may adversely impact the quality of surface runoff. Therefore, we applied PMS at 0, 224, and 672 dry Mg ha(-1) to 22.1 x 4.6-m plots at a recently mined site and monitored runoff for a total of 13 mo. The zero-rate plots served as controls and received standard reclamation consisting of mulching with hay and fertilization at planting. Compared to the control plots, PMS reduced runoff fourfold to sixfold and decreased erosion from 47 Mg ha(-1) to < 1 Mg ha(-1). Most of the reduction occurred in the 2.5 mo before the plots were planted. Flow-weighted average dissolved oxygen concentrations in runoff from plots at the 224 and 672 Mg ha(-1) rates, however, were much lower (<= 0.4 vs. 8.2 mg L-1) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) was much higher for the 672 Mg ha(-1) rate plots than the control plots during the pre-plant period (7229 vs. 880 mg L-1). There were few noteworthy differences in water quality among treatments post-planting, but plant dry-matter Yields were greater for the PMS plots than for the controls. The 672 Mg ha(-1) rate did not increase COD or nutrient loads compared to the 224 Mg ha(-1) rate and may have more persistent beneficial effects by increasing soil organic carbon levels and pH to a greater extent. C1 [Shipitalo, Martin J.; Bonta, James V.] USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Shipitalo, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 488, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. EM martin.shipitalo@ars.usda.gov OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 FU P.H. Glatfelter Paper Company; Oxford Mining Company Inc.; Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Mineral Resources Management and Division of Wildlife; Ohio Environmental Protection Agency-Division of Surface Water FX The project could not have been conducted without the assistance and cooperation of a number of individuals and organizations including the P.H. Glatfelter Paper Company, Oxford Mining Company Inc., the Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Mineral Resources Management and Division of Wildlife, and the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency-Division of Surface Water. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 6 BP 2351 EP 2359 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0648 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 372ZW UT WOS:000260941800038 PM 18948489 ER PT J AU Cook, KL Rothrock, MJ Warren, JG Sistani, KR Moore, PA AF Cook, Kimberly L. Rothrock, Michael J., Jr. Warren, Jason G. Sistani, Karamat R. Moore, Philip A., Jr. TI Effect of Alum Treatment on the Concentration of Total and Ureolytic Microorganisms in Poultry Litter SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID REDUCING PHOSPHORUS RUNOFF; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; SALMONELLA POPULATIONS; MANURE; BACTERIA; SULFATE; UREASE; SOIL; NITRIFICATION; CAMPYLOBACTER AB Microbial mineralization Of Urea and uric acid in Poultry litter results in the production of ammonia, which can lead to decreased poultry performance, malodorous emissions, and loss of poultry litter value as a fertilizer. Despite the fact that this is a microbial process, little is known about how the microbial populations, especially ammonia-producing (ureolytic) organisms in poultry litter, respond to litter amendments such as aluminum sulfate (Al-2(SO4)(3)center dot 14H(2)O; alum). The goal of this study was to measure the temporal changes in total bacterial and fungal populations and urease-producing microorganisms in nontreated litter or litter treated with 10% alum. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to target the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, the fungal 18S rRNA gene, or the urease gene of bacterial and fungal ammonia producers in a poultry litter incubation study. Nontreated poultry litter had relatively high total (2.8 +/- 0.8 x 10(10) cells g(-1) litter) and ureolytic (2.8 +/- 1.3 x 10(8) cells g(-1) litter) bacterial populations. Alum treatment reduced the total bacterial population by 50% and bacterial urease producers by 90% within 4 wk. In contrast, at 16 wk after alum treatment, the fungal population was three orders of magnitude higher in alum-treated litter than in nontreated litter (3.5 +/- 0.8 x 10(7) cells g(-1) litter and 5.5 +/- 2.5 x 10(4) cells g(-1) litter, respectively). The decrease in pH produced by alum treatment is believed to inhibit bacterial populations and favor growth of fungi chat may be responsible for the mineralization of organic nitrogen in alum-treated litters. C1 [Cook, Kimberly L.; Rothrock, Michael J., Jr.; Warren, Jason G.; Sistani, Karamat R.] USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Moore, Philip A., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Product Safety Res Unit, POSC, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Cook, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, 230 Bennett Lane, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM kim.cook@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; USDA-ARS National Program 206: Manure and By-product Utilization FX This research was funded by the USDA-ARS. The authors thank John Sorrell, Jason Simmons, and Stacy Ande. This research was part of USDA-ARS National Program 206: Manure and By-product Utilization. Mention of a trademark or product anywhere in this paper is to describe experimental procedures and does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable. NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 6 BP 2360 EP 2367 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0024 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 372ZW UT WOS:000260941800039 PM 18948490 ER PT J AU Harmel, D Qian, S Reckhow, K Casebolt, P AF Harmel, Daren Qian, Song Reckhow, Ken Casebolt, Pamela TI The MANAGE Database: Nutrient Load and Site Characteristic Updates and Runoff Concentration Data SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MANURE PHOSPHORUS; WATERSHEDS; NITROGEN; LOSSES; SOIL AB The "Measured Annual Nutrient loads from AGricultural Environments" (MANAGE) database was developed to be a readily accessible, easily queried database of site characteristic and field-scale nutrient export data. The original version of MANAGE, which drew heavily front an early 1980s compilation of nutrient export data, created an electronic database with nutrient load data and corresponding site characteristics from 40 studies on agricultural (cultivated and pasture/range) land uses. In the Current update, N and P load data from 15 additional studies of agricultural runoff were included along with N and P concentration data for all 55 Studies. The database now contains 1677 watershed years of data for various agricultural land uses (703 For pasture/rangeland; 333 for corn; 291 for various crop rotations; 177 for wheat/oats; and 4-33 yr for barley, citrus, vegetables, sorghum, soybeans, cotron, fallow, and peanuts). Across all land uses, annual runoff loads averaged 14.2 g ha(-1) for total N and 2.2 kg ha(-1) for total P. On average, these losses represented 10 to 25% of applied fertilizer N and 4 to 9% of applied fertilizer R Although such statistics produce interesting generalities across a wide range of land use, management, and climatic conditions, regional crop-specific analyses should be conducted to guide regulatory and programmatic decisions. With this update, MANAGE contains data from a vast majority of published peer-reviewed N and P export studies on homogeneous agricultural land uses in the USA under natural rainfall-runoff conditions and thus provides necessary data for modeling and decision-making related to agricultural runoff. The current version can be downloaded at http://www.ars.usda.gov/spa/manage-nutrient. C1 [Harmel, Daren] USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Qian, Song; Reckhow, Ken] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Casebolt, Pamela] Texas State Soil & Water Conservat Board, Temple, TX 76503 USA. RP Harmel, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM daren.harmel@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 6 BP 2403 EP 2406 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0079 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 372ZW UT WOS:000260941800045 PM 18948496 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP AF Dubey, Jitender P. TI The History of Toxoplasma gondii-The First 100 Years SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Toxoplasma Symposium on Centennary Celebration of Toxoplasma Discovery held at the 10th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY MAY 28-31, 2008 CL Boston, MA DE Biology; bradyzoite; diagnosis; life cycle; oocysts; prevention; symptoms; tachyzoite; treatment ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; UNITED-STATES; TISSUE CYSTS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; ACQUIRED TOXOPLASMOSIS; ELECTRON MICROSCOPE; AGGLUTINATION-TEST; LA TOXOPLASMOSE AB In this paper the history of Toxoplasma gondii and toxoplasmosis is reviewed. This protozoan parasite was first discovered in 1908 and named a year later. Its medical importance remained unknown until 1939 when T. gondii was identified in tissues of a congenitally infected infant, and veterinary importance became known when it was found to cause abortion storms in sheep in 1957. The discovery of a T. gondii specific antibody test, Sabin-Feldman dye test in 1948 led to the recognition that T. gondii is a common parasite of warm-blooded hosts with a worldwide distribution. Its life cycle was not discovered until 1970 when it was found that felids are its definitive host and an environmentally resistant stage (oocyst) is excreted in feces of infected cats. The recent discovery of its common infection in certain marine wildlife (sea otters) indicates contamination of our seas with T. gondii oocysts washed from land. Hygeine remains the best preventive measure because currently there is no vaccine to prevent toxoplasmosis in humans. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 144 TC 156 Z9 179 U1 8 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1066-5234 EI 1550-7408 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 467 EP 475 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2008.00345.x PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 384ZX UT WOS:000261783800001 PM 19120791 ER PT J AU Phillips, KM Byrdwell, WC Exler, J Harnly, JM Holden, JM Holick, MF Hollis, BW Horst, RL Lemar, LE Patterson, KY Tarrago-Trani, MT Wolf, WR AF Phillips, Katherine M. Byrdwell, W. Craig Exler, Jacob Harnly, James M. Holden, Joanne M. Holick, Michael F. Hollis, Bruce W. Horst, Ronald L. Lemar, Linda E. Patterson, Kristine Y. Tarrago-Trani, Maria Teresa Wolf, Wayne R. TI Development and validation of control materials for the measurement of vitamin D-3 in selected US foods SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE vitamin D; cholecalciferol; ergocalciferol; control materials; reference values; analytical methods; analysis; cereal; milk; cheese; fish; orange juice; interlaboratory variability ID 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; HEALTH AB As part of the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP), food composition data for vitamin D in the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference are being updated and expanded, focusing on high priority foods and validated analytical methodology. A lack of certified reference materials and analytical methods validated for these key foods required the development of five matrix-specific control composite materials (CC) (canned salmon and vitamin D-3 fortified cereal, orange juice, milk, and cheese). Each of six experienced laboratories (research and commercial) analyzed vitamin D-3 in five subsamples of each CC in five separate analytical batches, with one subsample of each material in each run. Research laboratories performed recovery studies, mass spectrometric analysis, and other studies to validate quantitation in each matrix. Initial results showed a wide disparity between the six laboratories (RSDs of 26-46%). Extensive collaboration resolved several problems related to calibration standards, extraction solvents and the internal standard, achieving final values with RSDs of approximately 10%, validated by mass spectrometry tests that confirmed lack of matrix interferences in these foods. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Phillips, Katherine M.; Tarrago-Trani, Maria Teresa] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biochem 0308, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Byrdwell, W. Craig; Harnly, James M.; Wolf, Wayne R.] USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Exler, Jacob; Holden, Joanne M.; Lemar, Linda E.; Patterson, Kristine Y.] USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Holick, Michael F.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Hollis, Bruce W.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Horst, Ronald L.] Heartland Assays Inc, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Phillips, KM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biochem 0308, 304 Engel Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM kathrun6088@yahoo.com OI Byrdwell, William/0000-0001-8241-428X; Phillips, Katherine/0000-0002-4586-8538 FU USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory [Y1-HV-8116-11]; Virginia Polytechnic Institute; State University; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Cancer Institute; National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research; Office of Dietary Supplements, and numerous other Offices FX This study was conducted as part of specific cooperative agreement #Y1-HV-8116-11 between the USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, with support from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Cancer Institute, the National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research, the Office of Dietary Supplements, and numerous other Offices and Institutes through the interagency agreement #Y1-HV-8116 between the National Institutes of Health and the USDA. FCMDL acknowledges support of the Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health for this research. Also supported in part by the Beverage Institute for Health & Wellness (Coca-Cola). The work of Amy Rasor and Nancy Conley in preparation and distribution of the composite samples at FALCC, and the work of Mr. Zhiren Lu on assays in Dr. Holick's laboratory is acknowledged. NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 21 IS 7 BP 527 EP 534 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2008.05.003 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 353GG UT WOS:000259553500003 ER PT J AU Arthur, TM Kalchayanand, N Bosilevac, JM Brichta-Harhay, DN Shackelford, SD Bono, JL Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Arthur, Terrance M. Kalchayanand, Norasak Bosilevac, Joseph M. Brichta-Harhay, Dayna N. Shackelford, Steven D. Bono, Janies L. Wheeler, Tommy L. Koohmaraie, Mohammad TI Comparison of Effects of Antimicrobial Interventions on Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella, Susceptible Salmonella, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BEEF PROCESSING PLANTS; THERMAL-RESISTANCE; AEROBIC-BACTERIA; O157-H7; PREVALENCE; STRAINS; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE AB Several strains of Salmonella have been identified as resistant to Multiple antibiotics. What is not known is whether strains possessing multidrug resistance properties also have the ability to resist the killing effects of the antimicrobial inter ventions used in beef processing. The research project described herein was desgined to determine whether antimicrobial interventions currently in place in beef processing facilities are adequate for reducing the foodborne pathogen loads oil beef C carcass surfaces contaminated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella. The data presented here indicate that MDR Salmonella is reduced at least as effectively as are Escherichia coli O157:H7 and susceptible Salmonella when treated with antimicrobial interventions currently in use at most U.S. beef processing plants. The E. coli O157:H7 strains used in this study were divided into two groups. strains that have a genetic polymorphism associated With human disease and strains not typically found to Cause human disease. No differences were detected in the abilities of these two strain types to survive antimicrobial interventions. These results indicate that neither the drug resistance status of a particular Salmonella strain nor the likelihood that a particular E. coli O157:H7 strain will cause human illness influences the antimicrobial efficacy of the interventions Utilized by the modern beef processing plants. C1 [Arthur, Terrance M.; Kalchayanand, Norasak; Bosilevac, Joseph M.; Brichta-Harhay, Dayna N.; Shackelford, Steven D.; Bono, Janies L.; Wheeler, Tommy L.; Koohmaraie, Mohammad] USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Arthur, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM terrance.arthur@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 FU The Beef Checkoff FX This project was funded in part by The Beef Checkoff. We thank Julie Dyer, Emily Griess. Bruce Jasch. Frank Reno. Sarah Schumacher and Greg Smith for technical support and Marilyn Bierman tor secretarial support. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 71 IS 11 BP 2177 EP 2181 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 371SB UT WOS:000260850500003 PM 19044258 ER PT J AU Luchansky, JB Phebus, RK Thippareddi, H Call, JE AF Luchansky, J. B. Phebus, R. K. Thippareddi, H. Call, J. E. TI Translocation of Surface-Inoculated Escherichia coli O157:H7 into Beef Subprimals following Blade Tenderization SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the International-Association-for-Food-Protection CY AUG 14-17, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP Int Assoc Food Protect AB In phase I. beef subprimals were inoculated on the lean side with ca. 0.5 to 3.5 log CFU/g of a rifampin-resistant (rif(r)) cocktail of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and passed once. lean side up, through a mechanical blade tenderizer. Inoculated subprimals that were not tenderized served as controls. Ten core samples were removed from each subprimal and cut into Six consecutive segments: segments 1 to 4 comprised the top 4 cm and segments 5 and 6 the deepest 4 cm. Levels of E. coli O157:H7 recovered from segment 1 of control subprimals when inoculated with ca. 0.5. 1.5 2.5. or 3.5 log CFU/g were 0.6. 1.46, 2.5, and 3.19 log CFU/g, respectively. Following tenderization. pathogen levels recovered from segment 1 inoculated with 0.5 to 3.5 loo CFU/g were 0.22. 1.06, 2.04, and 2.7 log CFU/g, respectively. Levels recovered in segment 2 were 7- to 34-fold lower than levels recovered from segment I. Next, in phase II, the translocation of ca. 4 log CFU of the pathogen per P was assessed for lean-side-inoculated subprimals passed either once (LS) or twice (LD) through the tenderizer and for fat-side-inoculated subprimals passed either once (FS) or twice (FD) through the tenderizer. Levels in segment I for LS, LD, FS, and FD tenderized subprimals Were 3.63, 3.52, 2.85, and 3.55 log CFU/g respectively. The levels recovered in segment 2 were 14- to 50-fold lower than levels recovered in segment 1 for LS. LD, FS, and FD subprimals. Thus. blade tenderization transfers E. coli O157:H7 primarily into the topmost I cm. but also into the deeper tissues of beef subprimals. C1 [Luchansky, J. B.; Call, J. E.] USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Phebus, R. K.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Thippareddi, H.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Luchansky, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM john.luchansky@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 13 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 71 IS 11 BP 2190 EP 2197 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 371SB UT WOS:000260850500005 PM 19044260 ER PT J AU Gallegos-Robles, MA Les-Loredo, AM Aivarez-Ojeda, G Vega, A Chew, Y Velarde, S Fratamico, P AF Gallegos-Robles, Miguel A. Mora Les-Loredo, Alberto Aivarez-Ojeda, Genoveva Vega-P, Adrian Chew-M, Yazmin Velarde, Sixto Fratamico, Pina TI Identification of Salmonella Serotypes Isolated from Cantaloupe and Chile Pepper Production Systems in Mexico by PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FLAGELLIN GENES; CONTAMINATION; WATER AB A study was conducted in 2006 to determine the prevalence of Salmonella on three cantaloupe farms in Matamoros, Coahuila, Mexico, and on one farm that cultivates chile peppers var. Bell in Culiacan, Sinaloa. Mexico. Samples from cantaloupe farms consisted of cantaloupe rinses, irrigation water. water from furrows in the field, and workers' hands. Samples from the chile pepper farm consisted of rinses of chile peppers obtained at the field, pepper rinses obtained at the packing house, and irrigation water from the field. A total of 55 samples were obtained from both production systems. Twelve and 10 samples from the cantaloupe and chile pepper production systems, respectively, tested positive for Salmonella according to a traditional Culture method. The difference between the proportion of Salmonella-positive samples from the cantaloupe production system (12 of 28 = 0.43) and the chile pepper production system (10 of 27 = 0.37) was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). A PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method based oil the fliC gene was used to determine the serotype of the isolates. Salmonella Typhimurium was the only serotype found associated with the cantaloupe production system. whereas both Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis serotypes were found associated with the chile pepper production system. Results showed that 91% (20 of 22) and 9% (2 of 22) of the isolates from both agricultural systems matched with the Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis reference strain restriction profiles, respectively. This study demonstrates the utility of the PCR-RFLP technique for determining the serotypes of Salmonella isolates obtained from cantaloupe and chile pepper production systems. C1 [Mora Les-Loredo, Alberto] INIFAP, Gen Teran 67400, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. [Gallegos-Robles, Miguel A.] Univ Juarez Estado Durango, Fac Agr & Zootecnia, Gomez Palacio 35000, Durango, Mexico. [Velarde, Sixto] INIFAP, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico. [Fratamico, Pina] USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Les-Loredo, AM (reprint author), INIFAP, Campo Expt Gen Teran,Carretera Montemorelos China, Gen Teran 67400, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. EM alberto.morales@labmty-cfppnl.org.mx FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia FX The Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia is acknowledged for funding this research. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 71 IS 11 BP 2217 EP 2222 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 371SB UT WOS:000260850500009 PM 19044264 ER PT J AU Dewell, GA Simpson, CA Dewell, RD Hyatt, DR Belk, KE Scanga, JA Morley, PS Grandin, T Smith, GC Dargatz, DA Wagner, BA Salman, MD AF Dewell, G. A. Simpson, C. A. Dewell, R. D. Hyatt, D. R. Belk, K. E. Scanga, J. A. Morley, P. S. Grandin, T. Smith, G. C. Dargatz, D. A. Wagner, B. A. Salman, M. D. TI Risk Associated with Transportation and Lairage on Hide Contamination with Salmonella enterica in Finished Beef Cattle at Slaughter SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; UNITED-STATES; MARKET SWINE; GROUND-BEEF; PREVALENCE; CAMPYLOBACTER; HARVEST AB Transportation of cattle to the slaughter plant Could influence hide contamination with Salmonella enterica. Fecal and hide samples were obtained from 40 lots of cattle at the feedlot and again at the slaughter plant. Potential risk factors for hide contamination were evaluated. A multilevel Poisson regression model was used to determine whether transportation and lairage were associated with hide contamination by Salmonella. Cattle with hide samples positive for Salmonella at the feedlot had twice the risk of having positive slaughter hide samples compared with cattle without positive feedlot hide samples (relative risk [RR], 1.9). Cattle transported in trailers from which samples positive for Salmonella were collected had twice the risk of having positive slaughter hide samples compared with cattle transported in culture-negative trailers (RR, 2.3). Cattle transported for long distances had twice the risk of having positive hide samples at slaughter compared with cattle transported shorter distances (RR, 2.3). Cattle held in lairage pens contaminated with feces had twice the risk of having positive slaughter hide samples compared with cattle held in clean pens (RR. 1.8). Cattle held off feed longer than 18 h before loading had twice the risk of having positive slaughter hide samples compared with cattle held off feed for shorter times (RR, 1.7). Cattle that were agitated during loading had twice the risk of having positive slaughter hide samples compared with cattle that were calm (RR. 2.2). These findings suggest that variables associated with transportation and lairage can impact the presence of Salmonella on the hides of cattle at C1 [Dewell, G. A.; Dewell, R. D.; Morley, P. S.; Salman, M. D.] Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Simpson, C. A.; Belk, K. E.; Scanga, J. A.; Grandin, T.; Smith, G. C.] Colorado State Univ, Ctr Red Meat Qual & Safety, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hyatt, D. R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dargatz, D. A.; Wagner, B. A.] Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Salman, MD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM m.d.salman@colostate.edu RI Hyatt, Doreene/E-6811-2017; OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education Extension Service National Integrated Food Safety Initiative FX The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service National Integrated Food Safety Initiative for this project. The authors also thank the participating feedlots and slaughter plants for their cooperation. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 71 IS 11 BP 2228 EP 2232 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 371SB UT WOS:000260850500011 PM 19044266 ER PT J AU Berry, ED Wells, JE AF Berry, Elaine D. Wells, James E. TI A Direct Plating Method for Estimating Populations of Escherichia coli O157 in Bovine Manure and Manure-Based Materials SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; IRRIGATION WATER; BEEF-CATTLE; UNITED-STATES; LEAF LETTUCE; FECES; FATE; SURVIVAL; ENUMERATION; SALMONELLA AB Escherichia coli O15TH7 outbreaks associated with produce consumption have brought attention to livestock manures and manure-based soil amendments as potential sources of pathogens for the contamination of these crops. Procedures for enumeration of E. coli O15TH7 are needed to assess the risks of transmission from these manures and their by-products. A direct plating method employing spiral plating onto CHROMagar O157 was investigated for enumeration of E. coli O157:H7 in feedlot surface material. aged bovine manure. bovine manure compost, and manure-amended soil. In studies utilizing samples spiked with a five-strain cocktail of E. coli O157:H7 at levels ranging from 10(2) to 10(5) CFU/g of sample, there were strong correlations between the observed and predicted levels of this pathogen. Although the addition of 2.5 mg/liter potassium tellurite and 5 mg/liter novobiocin made the medium more restrictive, these amendments enhanced the ability to identify and enumerate E. coli O157:H7 in feedlot surface material, which contained a higher proportion of fresh feces than did the other three sample types and therefore higher levels of interfering bacterial microflora. The spiral plating method was further assessed to determine its ability to enumerate E. coli O157:H7 in naturally contaminated feedlot surface material. Comparison of E. coli O157:H7 counts in feedlot surface material obtained by the spiral plating method and a most probable number technique were well correlated. We conclude that direct spiral plating onto CHROMagar O157 is effective for estimating E. coli O157: H7 levels in a variety of manures and manure-containing sample types to a lower detection limit of 200 CFU/g. The method has application for determining E. coli O157:H7 concentrations in manures and composts before their sale and use as soil amendments and for measuring, the effectiveness of manure treatment processes to reduce or inactivate this pathogen. C1 [Berry, Elaine D.; Wells, James E.] USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Berry, ED (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM elaine.berry@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 71 IS 11 BP 2233 EP 2238 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 371SB UT WOS:000260850500012 PM 19044267 ER PT J AU Rhoades, J Manderson, K Wells, A Hotchkiss, AT Gibson, GR Formentin, K Beer, M Rastall, RA AF Rhoades, J. Manderson, K. Wells, A. Hotchkiss, A. T., Jr. Gibson, G. R. Formentin, K. Beer, M. Rastall, R. A. TI Oligosaccharide-Mediated Inhibition of the Adhesion of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains to Human Gut Epithelial Cells In Vitro SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL MUCIN; BINDING; TOXIN; SEQUENCES; CL-49 AB The aim of the study was to investigate the ability of pectic oligosaccharides (POS) to inhibit adhesion of three strains of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli, three strains of enteropathogenic E. coli, and one nonclinical strain of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans to human intestinal epithelial cell cultures. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri were included for comparison. Attachment wits determined in the human HT29 cell line by viable Count of adherent bacteria. POS in buffer at pH 7.2 were antiadhesive at a dose of 2.5 mg ml(-1), reducing adhesion of enteropathogenic E. coli and verotoxigenic E. coli strains to less than 30% of control values. Concentrations resulting in 50% inhibition ranged from 0.15 to 0.46 mg ml(-1). L. acidophilus was not significantly affected. but adhesion of L. gasseri was reduced to 29% of the control value. POS reduced the adhesion of D. desulfuricans to 0.33% of the control value. POS also had a protective effect against E. coli verocytotoxins VT1 and VT2 at concentrations of 0.01 and 1 mu g ml(-1), respectively. C1 [Rhoades, J.; Manderson, K.; Wells, A.; Rastall, R. A.] Univ Reading, Sch Food Biosci, Food & Bioproc Sci Unit, Reading RG6 GAP, Berks, England. [Gibson, G. R.] Univ Reading, Sch Food Biosci, Food Microbial Sci Unit, Reading RG6 GAP, Berks, England. [Hotchkiss, A. T., Jr.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Formentin, K.; Beer, M.] Novartis Med Nutr, CH-1260 Nyon, Switzerland. RP Rastall, RA (reprint author), Univ Reading, Sch Food Biosci, Food & Bioproc Sci Unit, POB 226, Reading RG6 GAP, Berks, England. EM r.a.rastall@reading.ac.uk RI Gibson, Glenn/A-9595-2009 FU Novartis Medical Nutrition; Nestle HealthCare Nutrition, Inc FX Dr. Jonathan Rhoades was supported financially by Novartis Medical Nutrition, now Nestle HealthCare Nutrition, Inc. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 71 IS 11 BP 2272 EP 2277 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 371SB UT WOS:000260850500017 PM 19044272 ER PT J AU Rajkowski, KT AF Rajkowski, Kathleen T. TI Radiation D-10-Values on Thawed and Frozen Catfish and Tilapia for Finfish Isolates of Listeria monocytogenes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FISH; SEAFOOD; IRRADIATION; FILLETS; GROWTH AB With the popularity of catfish and tilapia in the healthy diet, the Consumption and harvesting of farm-raised finfish have increased. Since 1987 the pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes has been isolated from seafood, particularly farm-raised catfish in the United States. Seafood isolates of L. monocytogenes are now available. In order to maintain the raw finfish product, nonthermal interventions to remove bacterial pathogens need to be evaluated using these isolates. A nonthermal intervention process, irradiation, was used to determine the destruct values of the L. monocytogenes seafood isolates along with a nonpathogenic Listeria strain and an L. monocytogenes strain previously Studied. The irradiation destruct values were obtained for each individual isolate inoculated oil raw and frozen catfish or tilapia irradiated at 4 or -10 degrees C. The D-radiation-values obtained for L. monocytogenes inoculated on raw or frozen catfish did not differ (P > 0.05) from the Values obtained for strains inoculated oil the raw or frozen tilapia. The D-radiation-values ranged from 0.48 to 0.85 kGy, with ail average of 0.02 +/- 0.09 kGy. which is typical for Listeria. The data obtained have identified a multi-isolate cocktail that can be used for future radiation inactivation Studies for L. monocytogenes inoculated on finfish. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Rajkowski, KT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM kathleen.rajkowski@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 71 IS 11 BP 2278 EP 2282 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 371SB UT WOS:000260850500018 PM 19044273 ER PT J AU Hafner, S Sutton, MT Hill, J McCaskey, PC Kelley, LC AF Hafner, Scott Sutton, Mary T. Hill, Joseph McCaskey, Patrick C. Kelley, Lynd Collins TI An Evaluation of a Method for the Detection of Sensory Ganglia in Product Derived from Advanced Meat Recovery Systems SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID NEURONS AB A method is described for the identification of dorsal root ganglia (DRG)-associated sensory neurons within advanced meat recovery (AMR) product derived from bovine vertebral columns. This method relies on file unique microanatomy of sensory neurons and immunohistochemical staining, primarily for glial fibrillary acidic protein. Sensory neurons are variably sized Unipolar neurons, exhibiting a single-cell process that is rarely seen in histologic sections. These neurons are Surrounded by a prominent ring of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive satellite cells that produce a distinctive and readily identifiable staining pattern in histologic sections, Fragmented DRG were detected to the 0.25% level in samples of,round beef or nonvertebral-origin AMR product spiked with these sensory ganglia. Similarly examined commercially produced nonvertebral-origin AMR product (n = 157) did not contain sensory ganglia. while 3.3% of vertebral-origin AMR product (n = 364) contained fragmented DRG. C1 [Hafner, Scott; Sutton, Mary T.; Hill, Joseph; McCaskey, Patrick C.] Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Kelley, Lynd Collins] Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Off Food Def & Emergency Response, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Hafner, S (reprint author), Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM scott.Hafner@FSIS.USDA.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 71 IS 11 BP 2307 EP 2311 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 371SB UT WOS:000260850500023 PM 19044278 ER PT J AU Kawasaki, T Musgrove, MT Murata, M Tominaga, N Kawamoto, S AF Kawasaki, T. Musgrove, M. T. Murata, M. Tominaga, N. Kawamoto, S. TI COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SHELL SWAB AND SHELL CRUSH METHODS FOR THE RECOVERY OF SALMONELLA FROM SHELL EGGS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INFECTED HENS; ENTERITIDIS; CONTAMINATION; VIABILITY; BACTERIA; ASSAY; SURVIVAL; STATE AB Swabbing is the standard methodology for the recovery of resident microorganism from shell eggs in Japan. A comparative study of shell swab (SW) and shell crush (CR) techniques was performed to recover the laboratory-inoculated Salmonella from shell eggs. It was found that the recovery of Salmonella by CR methods was significantly higher (4.5-7.5 log cfu/egg) than that of SW methods (3.1-6.3 log cfu/egg). However, analyses with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (invA as a target gene), fluorescent microscopic and quantitative analyses with a Live/Dead BacLight bacterial viability kit revealed that not all of the inoculated Salmonella spp. populations were recovered as intact cells by either method. The chemiluminescent bacterial viability assay showed that chemiluminescence intensity (CI) began to increase after 30 min in CR samples; on the other hand, SW samples did not show any increase in CI for 2 h. These results suggest that SW might cause more damage and lethality to cells than CR. In addition, to determine the most appropriate method for recovering resident aerobic bacteria, coliforms and Salmonella spp from shell eggs, 4,000 commercial eggs were collected and sampled by shell rinse (SR) and CR techniques using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) warmed to different temperatures. PBS at 37C was found to be the best recovery solution and temperature, respectively, for recovering aerobic microorganisms from shell eggs by both methods and the CR methods recovered a higher population than did the SR methods (4.9 versus 5.8 log cfu/egg for SR and CR methods, respectively; n = 500 eggs/method). Therefore, the CR method along with recovery buffer (PBS) at 37C could be an effective technique for the recovery of microorganisms from post-processed shell eggs. C1 [Kawasaki, T.; Murata, M.; Tominaga, N.; Kawamoto, S.] Ochanomizu Univ, Grad Sch Humanities & Sci, Sch Human Environm Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1120012, Japan. [Musgrove, M. T.] ARS, USDA, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Kawamoto, S.] Natl Food Res Inst, Food Hyg Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. RP Kawamoto, S (reprint author), Ochanomizu Univ, Grad Sch Humanities & Sci, Sch Human Environm Sci, Bunkyo Ku, 2-1-1 Otuka, Tokyo 1120012, Japan. EM taishi@affrc.go.jp FU Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan [DI-7206] FX This work was supported in part by a grant (Research project for ensuring food safety from farm to table, DI-7206) from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan. We are grateful to Drs. Md. Latiful Bari, Susumu Kawasaki, and Yasuhiro Inatsu for helpful discussions and critical comments on the manuscript. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 482 EP 498 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 364AD UT WOS:000260307700002 ER PT J AU Neta, ERD Miracle, RE Sanders, TH Drake, MA AF Neta, E. R. D. Miracle, R. E. Sanders, T. H. Drake, M. A. TI Characterization of Alkylmethoxypyrazines Contributing to Earthy/Bell Pepper Flavor in Farmstead Cheddar Cheese SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alkylmethoxypyrazines; cheese flavor; earthy/bell pepper flavor ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; VOLATILE COMPONENTS; PSEUDOMONAS-PEROLENS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CAMEMBERT CHEESE; CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; AROMA COMPOUNDS; RIPENING STAGES; PENICILLIUM SP AB Farmstead Cheddar cheeses with natural bandage wrappings have a distinctive flavor profile that is appealing to many consumers. An earthy/bell pepper (EBP) flavor has been previously recognized in some of these cheeses. This study characterized the alkylmethoxypyrazine compounds causing EBP flavor in Farmstead Cheddar cheeses. Eight cheeses were divided into inner, outer, rind, and wrapper sections, and tested for descriptive sensory and instrumental analyses. To assess reproducibility of EBP flavor, cheeses from the same facilities were purchased and tested after 6 and 12 mo. EBP flavor was detected in four out of 8 Farmstead Cheddar cheeses by a trained sensory panel. 2-sec-butyl-3-methoxypyrazine and 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine were identified as the main sources of EBP flavor in these cheeses by GC/O and GC/MS. in general, those alkylmethoxypyrazines were prevalent in the wrapper (106 to 730 ppb) and rind (39 to 444 ppb) sections of the cheeses. They were either not detected in inner and outer sections of the cheeses or were present at low concentrations. These results suggest that 2-sec-butyl-3-methoxypyrazine and 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine are formed near the surface of the cheeses and migrate into the cheese during ripening. Threshold values in water and whole milk were 1 and 16 ppt for 2 3-methoxypyrazine, and 0.4 and 2.3 ppt for 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, respectively. Sensory analysis of mild Cheddar cheese model systems confirmed that direct addition of those individual alkylmethoxypyrazines (0.4 to 20 ppb) resulted in EBP flavor. C1 [Neta, E. R. D.; Miracle, R. E.; Drake, M. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Sanders, T. H.] ARS, USDA, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Drake, MA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mdrake@unity.ncsu.edu FU Dairy Management Inc. (Rosemont, Ill., U.S.A.). FX This study was funded in part by Dairy Management Inc. (Rosemont, Ill., U.S.A.). NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 73 IS 9 BP C632 EP C638 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00948.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 399YJ UT WOS:000262834900007 PM 19021793 ER PT J AU Steed, LE Truong, VD Simunovic, J Sandeep, KP Kumar, P Cartwright, GD Swartzel, KR AF Steed, L. E. Truong, V. -D. Simunovic, J. Sandeep, K. P. Kumar, P. Cartwright, G. D. Swartzel, K. R. TI Continuous Flow Microwave-Assisted Processing and Aseptic Packaging of Purple-Fleshed Sweetpotato Purees SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anthocyanins; antioxidant capacity; aseptic processing; Ipomoea batatas; microwave sterilization; sweetpotato purees; total phenolics ID RADICAL-SCAVENGING ACTIVITY; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; COMMON FOODS; ANTHOCYANINS; CULTIVARS; PHENOLICS; CAPACITY; SYSTEM AB Pumpable purees from purple-flesh sweetpotatoes (PFSP) were subjected to microwave heating using a 60 kW, 915 MHz continuous flow system, followed by aseptic packaging in flexible containers to obtain a shelf-stable product. Initial test runs were conducted using a 5 kW 915 MHz microwave system to measure dielectric in-line properties and examine the puree temperature profiles. The results demonstrated uniformity in heating of the puree at sterilization temperatures (> 121 degrees C), and the dielectric constants and loss factors were within the range of published values for orange-fleshed sweetpotato purees. The pilot-scale test runs in a 60 kW microwave unit produced shelf-stable puree packages stable at room temperature. Polyphenolic content of the PFSP purees were evaluated and the results showed that while total phenolics increased (5.9%) and total monomeric anthocyanins slightly decreased (14.5%) with microwave application, antioxidant activity determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays did not significantly change as a result of microwave processing. Color values showed that microwave-processed samples differed from fresh puree in saturation and hue angle, but not in overall color change. PFSP purees increased in gel strength when microwave processed, packaged, and stored, but the gel could be easily disrupted into flowable purees. Overall, high-quality retention can be obtained by microwave processing and aseptic packaging of PFSP purees so that they can be used as functional food ingredients. C1 [Truong, V. -D.] N Carolina State Univ, ARS, USDA, S Atlantic Area,Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Steed, L. E.; Simunovic, J.; Sandeep, K. P.; Kumar, P.; Cartwright, G. D.; Swartzel, K. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Truong, VD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, ARS, USDA, S Atlantic Area,Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Den.Truong@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 73 IS 9 BP E455 EP E462 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00950.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 399YJ UT WOS:000262834900015 PM 19021801 ER PT J AU McGroddy, ME Silver, WL de Oliveira, RC de Mello, WZ Keller, M AF McGroddy, M. E. Silver, W. L. de Oliveira, R. C., Jr. de Mello, W. Z. Keller, M. TI Retention of phosphorus in highly weathered soils under a lowland Amazonian forest ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; BELOW-GROUND CARBON; TROPICAL FOREST; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; RAIN-FOREST; PHOSPHATE SORPTION; SEASONAL-CHANGES; SANDY SOILS; DYNAMICS; NUTRIENT AB The low available phosphorus ( P) pools typical of highly weathered tropical forest soils are thought to result from a combination of export of phosphorus via erosion and leaching as well as chemical reactions resulting in physically and chemically protected P compounds. Despite the low apparent P availability, these soils support some of the highest terrestrial net primary productivity globally. We followed different P fractions after P additions to two soil types, sandy loam and sandy clay, over 1 year in a lowland Amazonian forest. Of all the soil P fractions measured, only the NaHCO3 and NaOH extractable fractions showed a significant increase following P additions, and this occurred only in sandy clays (+ 56.9 +/- 15.1 kg ha(-1) and + 2.8 +/- 1.5 kg ha(-1), respectively). Our results indicate that intermediate rather than recalcitrant pools are the dominant fate of added P over an annual timescale even in fine-textured soils. Fine root and forest floor P pools increased more in the sandy loams following P additions suggesting a larger biotic P sink in these soils. Leaching of inorganic P from the surface soils was an unexpected and significant fate of added P in both soil types ( 9 +/- 3% in the sandy loams, 2 +/- 1% in the sandy clays). Significantly more of the added P was retained in the sandy clay soils than in the sandy loams ( 69 +/- 20% versus 33 +/- 7%) over the 1-year period. C1 [de Mello, W. Z.] Univ Fed Fluminense, Dept Geoquim, Inst Quim, BR-24020007 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. [de Oliveira, R. C., Jr.] EMBRAPA, Nucleo Medio Amazonas, BR-68035110 Santarem, PA, Brazil. [Keller, M.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, San Juan, PR 00926 USA. [Silver, W. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Studies Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McGroddy, ME (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM mmcgroddy@gmail.com RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Silver, Whendee/H-1118-2012 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; FU NASA; NSF-LTER; University of Puerto Rico; California Agricultural Experiment Station [CA-B*-ECO-7069-MS] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the LBA-ECO support staff in Santarem, EMBRAPA and IBAMA. Francisco Aves, Erika Marin-Spiotta, Hudson Perera Silva, Jadson Dezincourt Dias, Gilson Rego, Andy Thompson, and Eraclito Rodrigues de Sousa Neto were essential to the field work and logistics of this project. We would also like to thank Denise Rolao Araripe at the Universidade Federal Fluminense for the total P analyses using the HF method. This work was done as part of the Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia, supported by NASA and M. E. M had additional support from a NASA Earth Systems Science Fellowship. Additional support was provided by the NSF-LTER grant to the Luquillo-LTER program and the University of Puerto Rico. This work was conducted as part of project CA-B*-ECO-7069-MS of the California Agricultural Experiment Station (WLS). NR 81 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS G4 AR G04012 DI 10.1029/2008JG000756 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 368CV UT WOS:000260599800002 ER PT J AU Smith, S Fenn, P Chen, PY Jackson, E AF Smith, Sherrie Fenn, Patrick Chen, Pengyin Jackson, Eric TI Inheritance of Resistance to Phomopsis Seed Decay in PI 360841 Soybean SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID PLANTING DATE; INFECTION; QUALITY; YIELD; COLONIZATION; TEMPERATURE; LONGICOLLA; CULTIVAR; PODS AB Phomopsis longicolla Hobbs is the primary cause of Phomopsis seed decay (PSD) in soybean. Infection may result in moldy seed and poor germination. The objective of this study was to conduct inheritance studies to characterize resistance to PSD in plant introduction (PI) 360481. Crosses were made between PI 360841 and 2 PSD-susceptible genotypes, Agripro (AP) 350 and PI 91113, to determine the number of genes for resistance. Additionally, crosses were made between PI 360841 and Phomopsis resistant parents MO/PSD-0259 and PI 80837 to test the allelism of the resistance genes. Seed infection assays were done using seed from parent plants and F(2) populations. Chi-square analysis of the resistant x susceptible F(2) data fit to a 9R:7S model for 2 complementary dominant genes conferring PSD resistance in PI 360841. Segregation for reaction in the F(2) of MO/PSD-0259 x PI 360841 exhibited a good fit to a 57R:7S model for 2 complementary dominant genes from PI 360841 and a different dominant gene from MO/PSD-0259. There was no apparent segregation in the F(2) population from PI 360841 x PI 80837 except for one suspicious susceptible plant, suggesting one of the genes in PI 360841 is the same gene in PI 80837 for PSD resistance. C1 [Fenn, Patrick] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Smith, Sherrie] Univ Arkansas, Dept Agr, Cooperat Extens Serv, Lonoke, AR 72086 USA. [Jackson, Eric] ARS, USDA, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Unit, W Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Chen, PY (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, 115 Plant Sci Bldg, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM pchen@uark.edu FU Arkansas Soybean Promotion Board; Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station FX This research was supported by the Arkansas Soybean Promotion Board and Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 99 IS 6 BP 588 EP 592 DI 10.1093/jhered/esn037 PG 5 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 361UM UT WOS:000260152600003 PM 18504256 ER PT J AU Palmer, RG Xu, M AF Palmer, Reid G. Xu, M. TI Positioning 3 Qualitative Trait Loci on Soybean Molecular Linkage Group E SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll mutants; Glycine max; molecular mapping; qualitative traits; soybean; SSR markers ID GENETIC-LINKAGE AB In soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), 3 qualitative trait loci (Pb, Y9, and Y17) are located on classical linkage group 14, which corresponds to molecular linkage group (MLG) E. The Pb locus conditions sharp/blunt pubescence tip; the y9 and y17 loci condition green/chlorotic foliage. The gene order is not known. Our objective was to determine the gene order on soybean MLG E of the Pb, Y9, and Y17 loci using previously mapped simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Allelism tests between y9 and y17 gave normal green foliage F(1) plants, indicating nonallelism. Our F(2) data from the allelism test could not distinguish between a 1: 1 or a 9: 7 ratio. The F2: 3 family segregation indicated a very close genetic linkage between the y9 and the y17 loci. Two molecular mapping populations were developed. Population-1 segregated for Pb and y9, and population-2 segregated for Pb and y17. The gene order on soybean MLG E, using SSR markers, was Pb, Y9, and Y17. C1 [Palmer, Reid G.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, ARS, USDA,CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Palmer, RG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, ARS, USDA,CICGR, G301, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM reid.palmer@ars.usda.gov FU Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, IA [4403] FX This is a joint contribution from the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, IA, Project 4403, and from the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit. The mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by Iowa State University or the USDA, and the use of the name by Iowa State University or the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. We are grateful for the technical assistance from USDA-ARS employees Umar Farooq, Jesse Riordan, Sarah Spencer, and Tracy Dang. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 99 IS 6 BP 674 EP 678 DI 10.1093/jhered/esn070 PG 5 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 361UM UT WOS:000260152600018 PM 18779225 ER PT J AU Roh, MS McNamara, WA Picton, D Yin, KP Wang, Q AF Roh, Mark S. McNamara, William A. Picton, Deric Yin, Kaipu Wang, Qian TI Assessment of genetic variation in Acer pentaphyllum based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; MARKERS; DNA; RAPD; INFERENCE; DIVERSITY; SOFTWARE AB To study genetic variation in Acer pentaphyllum Diels, a total of 64 A. pentaphyllum accessions were collected from three sub-locations at Shade, and two sub-locations each at Jiulong and Yajiang, in Sichuan, PR. China. They were then analysed by amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). Dendrograms were constructed using the bootstrap (BS) and interior-branch (IB) tests. Clustering by the unweighted pair group method using averages (UPGMA) resolved all A. pentaphyllum accessions into one cluster, regardless of collection location. However, some accessions (e.g., Shade A2, A4, C2, and C7, and Jiulong A1 and B2) were clustered together with A. mono and A. davidii when dendrograms were constructed with neighbour-joining (NJ), minimum evolution (ME), or when each accession was assigned to a population analysed by STRUCTURE. This suggested that these accessions were genetically different from other accessions of A. pentaphyllum. However, sequence analysis of the ribosomal protein L16 (rpL16) gene, the chloroplast tRNA-Leu gene, and the internal transcribed spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS nrDNA) revealed no single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in any of these genes among all A. pentaphyllum accessions tested, regardless of collecting site (population). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that most of the variation existed between individual plants at a particular sub-location. Both a narrow genetic base, and undesirable habitats for seed germination, and the establishment of young seedlings, could contribute to the small number and limited distribution of these plants in nature. C1 [Roh, Mark S.] USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [McNamara, William A.] Quarryhill Bot Gardens, Glen Ellen, CA 95442 USA. [Picton, Deric] Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, APHIS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yin, Kaipu; Wang, Qian] Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China. RP Roh, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, B-010A,Rm 238,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Mark.Roh@ars.usda.gov FU National Geographic for the collection trip and the molecular marker work FX We appreciate financial support from the National Geographic for the collection trip and the molecular marker work. Excellent assistance from S. Zhong during the collection trip, and technical assistance from H. Monroe, K. Amundsen, A. K. Bertles, R. Beck, Dr. I-Y Choi, and Dr. S. Warnke, and review of the manuscript by Dr. Timothy Rinehardt, are greatly appreciated. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 83 IS 6 BP 725 EP 731 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 375MP UT WOS:000261118300008 ER PT J AU Arnold, JW AF Arnold, Judy W. TI Colorimetric assay for biofilms in wet processing conditions SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology CY NOV 28-DEC 01, 2007 CL Seville, SPAIN DE Biofilm; Crystal violet; Listeria monocytogenes; Stainless steel ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; STAINLESS-STEEL; QUANTITATIVE RECOVERY; BACTERIAL BIOFILMS; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GROWTH; FOOD; SANITIZER; POULTRY AB Controlling bacterial biofilms is necessary for food safety and industrial processing in clean room environments. Our goal was to develop a method to quantitatively measure biofilm produced by pathogens under wet poultry production and processing conditions. Stainless steel and glass coupons were incubated in aqueous media containing reduced nutrients and exposed to Listeria monocytogenes under static temperature and humidity conditions. Samples were measured separately by biofilm assay and viable cell density, and then confirmed by spectrophotometry and microscopy. The biofilm assay resulted in different t groupings from the cell density. The mean from the biofilm assay was 0.50, and the error% was 0.595. The mean of the log(10) density (cfu/cm(2)) was 5.90, and the standard deviation ranged from 0.127 to 0.438 on 24 coupons. The typical sequence of biofilm development, followed by microscopy of biofilm grown on glass coupons, exhibited a change from dispersed single cells to an all-over pattern of clumps with few dispersed cells. L. monocytogenes formed biofilms on all of the substrata tested. Bacterial counts from planktonic cultures at 24, 48, 72, and 144 h confirmed that L. monocytogenes remained viable throughout the experiment and reached equilibrium between 6 and 24 h. The cell density log(10)/ml was 8.01, 8.03, 7.69, and 6.66, respectively; and the standard deviation ranged from 0.156 to 0.394. The data will be used to grow stable biofilms of Listeria spp. collected from the food processing environment for further study. This is the first use of the crystal violet assay for measurement of bacterial biofilms on stainless steel under these conditions. The methods tested are applicable to other bacteria and substrata. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Arnold, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Judy.Arnold@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1475 EP 1480 DI 10.1007/s10295-008-0449-z PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 359SU UT WOS:000260009200037 PM 18712536 ER PT J AU Mishra, S Heckathorn, SA Barua, D Wang, D Joshi, P Hamilton, EW Frantz, J AF Mishra, Sasmita Heckathorn, Scott A. Barua, Deepak Wang, Dan Joshi, Puneet Hamilton, E. William, III Frantz, Jonathan TI Interactive Effects of Elevated CO2 and Ozone on Leaf Thermotolerance in Field-Grown Glycine max SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anti-oxidants; global change; heat-shock proteins; photosynthesis ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; EXTREME TEMPERATURE EVENTS; SUBER L-SEEDLINGS; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANTIOXIDATIVE ENZYMES; DEFENSE SYSTEMS; GAS-EXCHANGE AB Humans are increasing atmospheric CO2, ground-level ozone (O-3), and mean and acute high temperatures. Laboratory studies show that elevated CO2 can increase thermotolerance of photosynthesis in C-3 plants. O-3-related oxidative stress may offset benefits of elevated CO2 during heat-waves. We determined effects of elevated CO2 and O-3 on leaf thermotolerance of field-grown Glycine max (soybean, C-3). Photosynthetic electron transport (Phi(et)) was measured in attached leaves heated in situ and detached leaves heated under ambient CO2 and O-3. Heating decreased Phi(et), which O-3 exacerbated. Elevated CO2 prevented O-3-related decreases during heating, but only increased Phi(et) under ambient O-3 in the field. Heating decreased chlorophyll and carotenoids, especially under elevated CO2. Neither CO2 nor O-3 affected heat-shock proteins. Heating increased catalase (except in high O-3) and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), but not Mn-SOD; CO2 and O-3 decreased catalase but neither SOD. Soluble carbohydrates were unaffected by heating, but increased in elevated CO2. Thus, protection of photosynthesis during heat stress by elevated CO2 occurs in field-grown soybean under ambient O-3, as in the lab, and high CO2 limits heat damage under elevated O-3, but this protection is likely from decreased photorespiration and stomatal conductance rather than production of heat-stress adaptations. C1 [Mishra, Sasmita; Heckathorn, Scott A.; Barua, Deepak; Wang, Dan; Joshi, Puneet] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Hamilton, E. William, III] Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Biol, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. [Frantz, Jonathan] Univ Toledo, USDA ARS, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Mishra, S (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM sasmita.mishra@utoledo.edu RI Barua, Deepak/E-2063-2011 NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1672-9072 J9 J INTEGR PLANT BIOL JI J. Integr. Plant Biol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 50 IS 11 BP 1396 EP 1405 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00745.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 364LI UT WOS:000260336800007 PM 19017127 ER PT J AU Chiang, JM Iverson, LR Prasad, A Brown, KJ AF Chiang, Jyh-Min Iverson, Louts R. Prasad, Anantha Brown, Kim J. TI Effects of Climate Change and Shifts in Forest Composition on Forest Net Primary Production SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; climate change; leaf traits; net primary production; tree species range shifts ID NITROGEN CONCENTRATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; ELEVATED CO2; UNITED-STATES; CARBON; MODEL; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CANOPY; RESPONSES; GROWTH AB Forests are dynamic in both structure and species composition, and these dynamics are strongly influenced by climate. However, the net effects of future tree species composition on net primary production (NPP) are not well understood. The objective of this work was to model the potential range shifts of tree species (DISTRIB Model) and predict their impacts on NPP (PnET-II Model) that will be associated with alterations in species composition. We selected four 200 x 200 km areas in Wisconsin, Maine, Arkansas, and the Ohio-West Virginia area, representing focal areas of potential species range shifts. PnET-II model simulations were carried out assuming that all forests achieved steady state, of which the species compositions were predicted by DISTRIB model with no migration limitation. The total NPP under the current climate ranged from 552 to 908 g C/m(2) per year. The effects of potential species redistributions on NPP were moderate (-12% to +8%) compared with the influence of future climatic changes (-60% to +25%). The direction and magnitude of climate change effects on NPP were largely dependent on the degree of warming and water balance. Thus, the magnitude of future climate change can affect the feedback system between the atmosphere and biosphere. C1 [Chiang, Jyh-Min; Brown, Kim J.] Ohio Univ, Dept Environm & Plant Biol, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Iverson, Louts R.] USDA ARS, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Chiang, JM (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Environm & Plant Biol, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM jyhmin@thu.edu.tw RI Chiang, Jyh-Min/J-7338-2012; Iverson, Louis/C-7554-2009; OI Iverson, Louis/0000-0001-9501-471X; Chiang, Jyh-Min/0000-0002-6293-1551 NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1672-9072 J9 J INTEGR PLANT BIOL JI J. Integr. Plant Biol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 50 IS 11 BP 1426 EP 1439 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00749.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 364LI UT WOS:000260336800010 PM 19017130 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Cottrell, TE Jackson, MA Wood, BW AF Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Cottrell, Ted E. Jackson, Mark A. Wood, Bruce W. TI Virulence of Hypocreales fungi to pecan aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the laboratory SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aphid; Beauveria bassiana; Melanocallis caryaefoliae; Monellia caryella; Metarhizium anisopliae; Monelliopsis pecanis; Pecan; Isaria fumosorosea ID RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; PAECILOMYCES-FUMOSOROSEUS; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; MONELLIA-CARYELLA; MICROBIAL CONTROL; HOMOPTERA; PATHOGENICITY; BLASTOSPORES AB There is need for efficacious biocontrol agents for aphids in commercial orchards. As a preliminary step to this end we determined the virulence of several Hypocreales fungi to pecan aphids. In the first experiment we tested the virulence of Isaria fumosorosea (ARSEF 3581) blastospores to three pecan aphids Monellia caryella, Melanocallis caryaefoliae, and Monelliopsis pecanis under laboratory conditions. Rates of 1 x 10(7) or 1 x 10(8) spores per ml were applied in 2 ml via a spray tower to 90 mm Petri dishes containing 10 aphids each. Mortality and mycosis were determined after 24, 48 and 72 h. Treatment effects were observed by 48 h post-application, and by 72 h the higher application rate caused >90% mortality and mycosis in M. caryella and M. caryaefoliae, whereas <70% was observed in M. pecanis. We conducted two subsequent experiments (Experiments 2 and 3), using the same methodology, to compare the virulence of several Hypocreales species and strains against the aphid Of primary economic concern to most pecan growers, M. caryaefoliae. In Experiment 2, we compared blastospores and conidia of two 1. fumosorosea strains (ARSEF 3581 and ATCC 20874 [= strain 97]). The blastospores of ARSEF 3581 and conidia of ATCC 20874 showed hi.-her virulence than other treatments and thus were included in Experiment 3, which also compared the Virulence of conidia of Beauveria bassiana (GHA strain) and Metarhizium anisopliae (F52 strain). Results in Experiment 3 indicated the highest Virulence in 1. fumosorosea 3581 blastospores and M. anisopliae (F52) followed by 1. fumosorosea (20874) conidia. The detection of pathogenicity to pecan aphids establishes the potential for commercial usage and additional study. Results reported here will narrow treatments to test in future greenhouse and field trials. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Shapiro-Ilan, David I.; Cottrell, Ted E.; Wood, Bruce W.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Jackson, Mark A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM David.Shapiro@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 99 IS 3 BP 312 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2008.07.001 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 373PX UT WOS:000260985500010 PM 18675272 ER PT J AU Lysyk, TJ Scoles, GA AF Lysyk, T. J. Scoles, G. A. TI Reproductive Compatibility of Prairie and Montane Populations of Dermacentor andersoni SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dermacentor andersoni; population genetics; fertility; reproduction ID MOUNTAIN WOOD TICK; PARALYZING ABILITY; ACARINA-IXODIDAE; ATTACHMENT; CATTLE; SITES; STRAINS; STILES; CANADA; KOCH AB Genetic analysis of prairie and montane populations of Dermacentor andersoni (Stiles) originating from Alberta (AB) and British Columbia (BC.), Canada, respectively, indicated limited gene flow (N-m <1) and a large amount of genetic differentiation (F-m = 0.49) between the populations. The prairie population also had a greater level of genetic diversity. Mating experiments indicated that females of geographically heterogeneous crosses had similar engorgement and oviposition failure as homogenous crosses in the parental generation but that egg mass sterility was greatest for the AB female X BC male cross, intermediate for the homogenous crosses, and lowest for the BC female X AB male cross. The progeny of all crosses produced fertile eggs, and the only significant effect in the progeny generation was increased oviposition failure of the pure AB cross. Covariate analysis indicated that egg mass sterility was associated with BC males in the parental generation and that oviposition failure was associated with AB males and AB females in the progeny generation. The hazard of cumulative reproductive failure was increased with AB females in both generations, reduced for AB males in the parental generation, and increased with AB males in the progeny generation. Overall, heterogenous crosses had the greatest and least reproductive failure in the parental generation, but they were intermediate to the homogenous crosses in the progeny generation. The limited gene flow between the populations seems to have been sufficient to maintain reproductive compatibility. C1 [Lysyk, T. J.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. [Scoles, G. A.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Lysyk, TJ (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. EM lysyk@agr.gc.ca FU USDA-ARS, Current Research Information ion System [5348-32000-016-00D] FX We are grateful for the expert technical assistance of R.C. Lancaster, C. Himsl-Rayner, and R. Thomson (Agricuture and Agri-Food Canada-Lethbridge Research Centre) for tick rearing and collecting and to T. Seely and J. Ingoldsby (Agriculture and Agri-Food Cauada-Lethbridge Research Centre) for care and handling of rabbits. We thank Sara Davis (Animal Disease Research Unit, Washington State University) for superior technical assistance with cloning and sequencing, and Stephen White (Animal Disease Research Unit, Washington State University) for providing population genetic expertise, Population genetics Portion of this work was supported by USDA-ARS, Current Research Information ion System 5348-32000-016-00D. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1064 EP 1070 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[1064:RCOPAM]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 368ZA UT WOS:000260661000013 PM 19058630 ER PT J AU Pridgeon, JW Zhao, LM Becnel, JJ Clark, GG Linthicum, KJ AF Pridgeon, Julia W. Zhao, Liming Becnel, James J. Clark, Gary G. Linthicum, Kenneth J. TI Developmental and Environmental Regulation of AaeIAP1 Transcript in Aedes aegypti SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE inhibitor of apoptosis; inhibitor of apoptosis protein; Aedes aegypti; quantitative PCR; developmental regulation ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; BACULOVIRUS INHIBITOR; APOPTOSIS PROTEIN-1; IAP; VIRUS; HOMOLOG; GENE; EXPRESSION; MOSQUITOS AB Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is a tightly regulated physiological process. The inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are key regulators for apoptosis. An inhibitor of apoptosis protein gene IAP1 was recently cloned from Aedes aegypti (L.) (AaeIAP1, GenBank accession no, DQ993355); however. it is not clear whether AaeIAP1 is developmentally and environmentally regulated. In this study, we applied quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to investigate the expression levels of the AaeIAP1 transcript ill different developmental stages and under different environmental conditions. Our results revealed that the expression of the AaeIAP1 transcript was detectable in all life stages of Ae. aegypti, with significantly higher levels in pupal and adult stages than in larval stages. Furthermore, when Ae. aegypti was exposed to all stressful environmental conditions (e.g., low and high temperatures, UV radiation, acetone, and permethrin insecticide treatment), the expression level of AaeIAP1 transcript was increased significantly. Our results suggest that AaeIAP1 might play an important role in both the physiological development of Ae. aegypti and stress-induced apoptosis. C1 [Pridgeon, Julia W.; Zhao, Liming; Becnel, James J.; Clark, Gary G.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Pridgeon, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM julia.pridgeon@ars.usda.gov FU Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program; U.S. Department of Defense; Armed Forces Pest Management Board FX We thank Lynn Jefferson, Neil Sanscrainte, Heather Furlong, and Mathew H. Brown (USDA-ARS) for technical support. We also thank-Drs. S. M. Valles and M. Choi (USDA-ARS) for critical reviews of the manuscript. This study was supported by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program funded by the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1071 EP 1079 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[1071:DAEROA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 368ZA UT WOS:000260661000014 PM 19058631 ER PT J AU Schwint, ON Knowles, DP Ueti, MW Kappmeyer, LS Scoles, GA AF Schwint, O. Nicolas Knowles, Donald P. Ueti, Massaro W. Kappmeyer, Lowell S. Scoles, Glen A. TI Transmission of Babesia caballi by Dermacentor nitens (Acari: Ixodidae) Is Restricted to One Generation in the Absence of Alimentary Reinfection on a Susceptible Equine Host SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE equine; tick-borne transmission; one-host tick; transovarial transmission; piroplasmosis ID TROPICAL HORSE TICK; ANOCENTOR-NITENS; INFECTED HORSES; PIROPLASMOSIS; NEUMANN AB The tropical horse tick, Dermacentor nitens, is a natural vector of Babesia caballi in the Americas. B. caballi, one of the etiologic agents of equine piroplasmosis, occurs widely throughout the world, but the United States and if few other countries are considered to be free of infection. B. caballi is transovarially transmitted by the one-host tick D. nitens we tested the hypothesis that B. caballi can persist in multiple generations of D. nitens in the absence of opportunity to reacquire infection from a susceptible equine host. Partially engorged female D. nitens were collected from it B. caballi-infected horse in Puerto Rico and allowed to reattach and feed on an uninfected horse, successfully, transmitting the infection. Three subsequent generations of ticks were reared on calves (nonsusceptible hosts for B. caballi), testing for B, caballi infection in each generation by feeding a sample of the larvae on naive horses. The first generation of D. nitens reared on a nonsusceptible host transmitted B. caballi, whereas the second and third failed to transmit to naive horses, showing that D. nitens infection with B. caballi was restricted to one generation in the absence of alimentary reinfection. These results imply that, in the event of the introduction of this pathogen into areas of the continental United States where D. nitens occurs, the tick could become a short-term reservoir of B. caballi, making control of introduced infections more complex. C1 [Schwint, O. Nicolas; Knowles, Donald P.; Ueti, Massaro W.; Kappmeyer, Lowell S.; Scoles, Glen A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Scoles, GA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM scoles@vetmed.wsu.edu FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5348-32000-028-00D] FX We thank our USDA-APHIS collaborators from Puerto Rico: M. A. Borri Diaz, J. A. Acosta Franco. and F. V. Soltero for assistance with specimen collections P. Holman for important help regarding tissue cultures: D. Alperin, K. Mason, R. Horn, J. Allison, M. Flatt. S. Davis, and N. Kumpula for providing excellent technical assistance; Mid C. Suarez for critically reviewing this manuscript. This study received financial support from USDA-ARS CRIS Project 5348-32000-028-00D. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1152 EP 1155 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[1152:TOBCBD]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 368ZA UT WOS:000260661000024 PM 19058641 ER PT J AU Evans, JJ Bohnsack, JF Klesius, PH Whiting, AA Garcia, JC Shoemaker, CA Takahashi, S AF Evans, Joyce J. Bohnsack, John F. Klesius, Phillip H. Whiting, April A. Garcia, Julio C. Shoemaker, Craig A. Takahashi, Shinji TI Phylogenetic relationships among Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from piscine, dolphin, bovine and human sources: a dolphin and piscine lineage associated with a fish epidemic in Kuwait is also associated with human neonatal infections in Japan SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-B-STREPTOCOCCUS; NONHEMOLYTIC GROUP-B; BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI; ENHANCED INVASIVENESS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; COLONIZING STRAINS; SEQUENCE; SEROTYPE; PATTERNS AB Streptococcus agalactiae, commonly known as group B streptococcus (GBS), is a cause of infectious disease in numerous animal species. This study examined the genetic relatedness of piscine, dolphin and human GBS isolates and bovine GBS reference strains from different geographical regions using serological and molecular serotyping and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) techniques. Piscine isolates originating from Kuwait, Brazil, Israel and the USA were capsular serotype la, a serotype previously unreported in GBS isolated from fish. Sequence typing of piscine isolates produced six sequence types (ST-7, ST-257, ST-258, ST-259, ST-260 and ST-261), the latter five representing allelic designations and allelic combinations not previously reported in the S. agalactiae MLST database. Genomic diversity existed between dolphin and piscine GBS isolates from Kuwait and other geographical areas. Piscine GBS isolates from Brazil, Israel, Honduras and the USA appeared to represent a distinct genetic population of strains that were largely unrelated to human and bovine GBS. The Kuwait dolphin and piscine lineage (ST-7, la) was also associated with human neonatal infections in Japan. Comparative genomics of piscine, human and bovine GBS could help clarify those genes important for host tropism, the emergence of unique pathogenic clones and whether these hosts act as reservoirs of one another's pathogenic lineages. C1 [Evans, Joyce J.; Klesius, Phillip H.; Garcia, Julio C.; Shoemaker, Craig A.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Labs, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. [Evans, Joyce J.; Klesius, Phillip H.; Garcia, Julio C.; Shoemaker, Craig A.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Labs, Auburn, AL USA. [Bohnsack, John F.; Whiting, April A.] Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Takahashi, Shinji] Joshi Eiych Univ, Div Microbiol, Chiyoda Ku, Sakado, Saitama 3500288, Japan. RP Evans, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Labs, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. EM joyce.evans@ars.usda.gov FU Thrasher Research Fund FX This work was supported by a grant (to J. F. B.) from the Thrasher Research Fund. Mention of trade names does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 45 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 12 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 EI 1473-5644 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 57 IS 11 BP 1369 EP 1376 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.47815-0 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 369HB UT WOS:000260684100009 PM 18927414 ER PT J AU Cavatorta, JR Savage, AE Yeam, I Gray, SM Jahn, MM AF Cavatorta, J. R. Savage, A. E. Yeam, I. Gray, S. M. Jahn, M. M. TI Positive Darwinian Selection at Single Amino Acid Sites Conferring Plant Virus Resistance SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Disease resistance; eIF4E; Positive selection ID INITIATION-FACTOR EIF4E; RECESSIVE RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; THALASSIOSIRA-WEISSFLOGII; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; INHIBITOR PROTEIN; ARMS RACES; RNA VIRUS; TRANSLATION; LOCUS AB Explicit evaluation of the accuracy and power of maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods for detecting site-specific positive Darwinian selection presents a challenge because selective consequences of single amino acid changes are generally unknown. We exploited extensive molecular and functional characterization of amino acid substitutions in the plant gene eIF4E to evaluate the performance of these methods in detecting site-specific positive selection. We documented for the first time a molecular signature of positive selection within a recessive resistance gene in plants. We then used two statistical platforms, Phylogenetic Analysis Using Maximum Likelihood and Hypothesis Testing Using Phylogenies (HyPhy), to look for site-specific positive selection. Their relative power and accuracy are assessed by comparing the sites they identify as being positively selected with those of resistance-determining amino acids. Our results indicate that although both methods are surprisingly accurate in their identification of resistance sites, HyPhy appears to more accurately identify biologically significant amino acids using our data set. C1 [Cavatorta, J. R.; Yeam, I.; Jahn, M. M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Savage, A. E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Gray, S. M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Pathol, ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. [Jahn, M. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Cavatorta, JR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM JRC87@cornell.edu RI Savage, Anna/A-7713-2012; Savage, Anna/D-8296-2015; Jahn, Molly /G-6133-2015 OI Savage, Anna/0000-0002-4917-8358; Savage, Anna/0000-0002-4917-8358; Jahn, Molly /0000-0001-8319-3300 FU United States Department of Agriculture; the Kwanjeoung Educational Foundation; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program FX We thank G. Stellari, K. Zamudio, and A. Agrawal for comments. This work was supported by grants from the United States Department of Agriculture, the Kwanjeoung Educational Foundation, and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program. NR 60 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 67 IS 5 BP 551 EP 559 DI 10.1007/s00239-008-9172-7 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 371TV UT WOS:000260855100010 PM 18953590 ER PT J AU Wastney, ME House, WA AF Wastney, Meryl E. House, William A. TI Development of a Compartmental Model of Zinc Kinetics in Mice SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID METALLOTHIONEIN-NULL MICE; PANCREATIC BETA-CELLS; ENDOCRINE-CELLS; IN-VIVO; METABOLISM; TRANSPORTER; HOMEOSTASIS; CADMIUM; MOUSE; EXPRESSION AB To investigate zinc (Zn) kinetics in mice, tracer (Zn-65) was administered orally to 9-wk-old female mice in the fed state and tracer and Zn concentration were measured in 21 tissues over the following 8 d. Data were analyzed by compartmental modeling using WinSAAM. A published model for Zn kinetics in rats was modified to fit the data from mice and to calculate transfer rates and pool sizes of Zn. Parallel studies were performed in mice lacking genes for metallothionein (MT), MT-1 and MT-II (MT-/-), to quantify differences in Zn kinetics in the absence of these proteins in vivo. We confirmed that tracer time course in most tissues was similar in wild-type mice and those lacking MT, except for the pancreas of MT-/-, which retained less tracer. By fitting tissue and intestinal data simultaneously, we found that intestinal tracer could be explained by unabsorbed isotope and loss of Zn from pancreas went through plasma. Differences in pancreatic data in MT-/- were explained by Zn turning over twice as fast in this tissue (4 h) compared with wild type (9 h) These kinetic studies provide parameter values for normal, fed mice that can be used to assess Zn kinetics in abnormal conditions, as demonstrated by the higher turnover of Zn in the pancreas of MT knockout mice. J. Nutr. 138: 2 148-2155, 2008. C1 [Wastney, Meryl E.] Metab Modeling Serv, Blenheim 7201, New Zealand. [House, William A.] ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Wastney, ME (reprint author), Metab Modeling Serv, Blenheim 7201, New Zealand. EM wastneym@metabolic-modeling-services.com FU NIH [DK53787] FX Supported in part by NIH grant DK53787. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by payment of page charges, This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. NR 58 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 138 IS 11 BP 2148 EP 2155 DI 10.3945/jn.108.091504 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 361OM UT WOS:000260137000017 PM 18936212 ER PT J AU Ahmad, SM Haskell, MJ Raqib, R Stephensen, CB AF Ahmad, Shaikh M. Haskell, Marjorie J. Raqib, Rubhana Stephensen, Charles B. TI Men with Low Vitamin A Stores Respond Adequately to Primary Yellow Fever and Secondary Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; RETINOIC ACID; IL-10 PRODUCTION; DENDRITIC CELLS; IN-VITRO; SUPPLEMENTATION; DEFICIENCY; CHILDREN AB Current recommendations for vitamin A intake and liver stores (0.07 mu mol/g are based on maintaining normal vision. Higher levels may be required for maintaining normal immune function. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between total body vitamin A stores in adult men and measures of adaptive immune function. We conducted an 8-wk residential study among 36 healthy Bangladeshi men with low vitamin A stores. Subjects received a standard diet and were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive vitamin A (240 mg) or placebo during wk 2 and 3. Subjects received Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) and tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccines during wk 5. Vitamin A stores were estimated by isotopic dilution during wk 8. Vaccine-specific lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production, and serum antibody responses were evaluated before and after vaccination. Vitamin A supplementation increased YFV- and TT-specific lymphocyte proliferation and YFV-specific interleukin (IL)-5, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-a production but inhibited development of a TT-specific IL-10 response. Both groups developed protective antibody responses to both vaccines. Some responses correlated positively with vitamin A stores. These findings indicate that the currently recommended vitamin A intake is sufficient to sustain a protective response to YFV and TT vaccination. However, YFV-specific lymphocyte proliferation, some cytokine responses, and neutralizing antibody were positively associated with liver vitamin A stores > 0.084 mu mol/g. Such increases may enhance vaccine protection but raise the question of whether immune-mediated chronic diseases may by exacerbated by high-level dietary vitamin A. J. Nutr 138: 2276-2283, 2008. C1 [Ahmad, Shaikh M.; Haskell, Marjorie J.; Stephensen, Charles B.] Univ Calif Davis, Program Int & Community Nutr, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stephensen, Charles B.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ahmad, Shaikh M.; Raqib, Rubhana] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Div Sci Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. RP Stephensen, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Program Int & Community Nutr, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM charles.stephensen@ars.usda.gov OI Raqib, Rubhana/0000-0002-8116-4511 FU USDA Current Research Information System [5306-51530-013-00D]; International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh [58-5306-4-034F]; Fogarty International Center and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [D43 TW01267] FX Supported by the USDA Current Research Information System Project no. 5306-51530-013-00D and Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-5306-4-034F with International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. On-campus doctoral training of S.M.A. at UC Davis was supported by NIH research grant D43 TW01267, funded by the Fogarty International Center and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 138 IS 11 BP 2276 EP 2283 DI 10.3945/jn.108.092056 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 361OM UT WOS:000260137000036 PM 18936231 ER PT J AU Meydani, SN Wu, DY AF Meydani, Simin Nikbin Wu, Dayong TI Nutrition and Age-Associated Inflammation: Implications for Disease Prevention SO JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Intersociety Research Workshop on Nutrition and Inflammation CY FEB 08-09, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Dietet Assoc, Amer Soc Nutr, Amer Soc Parenteral & Enteral Nutr, Obes Soc DE aging; inflammatory response; macrophages (M phi); ceramide; sphingomyelinase; cyclooxygenase (COX)-2; prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)); nuclear factor-kappa B (NF kappa B) ID VITAMIN-E; GLUCOSE-INTOLERANCE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CYCLOOXYGENASE-2; EXPRESSION; SUPPLEMENTATION; MACROPHAGES; CERAMIDE; COX-2 AB Accumulating evidence suggests that aging is associated with dysregulated immune and inflammatory responses. Investigation into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon suggests that an up-regulated cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression, and resulting increase in production of prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)), is a critical factor. (Macrophages from old mice have significantly higher levels of PGE(2), production compared with those from Voting mice, a result of increased COX-2 expression and protein levels leading to increased COX enzyme activity. Furthermore, studies suggest that the age-associated increase in macrophage PGE(2) production is due to ceramide-induced up-regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B activation. Such processes may also occur in cell types other than macrophages, lending further insight into potential mechanisms of age-related diseases. Moreover, the excess PGE(2) induces harmful effects in other cell types such as T cells and adipocytes through the negative crosstalk between macrophages with other cells, resulting in further increased susceptibility to diseases. Nutrient/dietary medications, such as antioxidants and certain lipids have suggested a promising route to reduce the age-related increase in COX activity and PGE(2) production that is associated with several disease states. (JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 200832:626-629) C1 [Meydani, Simin Nikbin] Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, JMUSDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, JMUSDA HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM simin.meydani@tufts.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG009140-10A1] NR 40 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0148-6071 J9 JPEN-PARENTER ENTER JI J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 32 IS 6 BP 626 EP 629 DI 10.1177/0148607108325179 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 365YU UT WOS:000260446800006 PM 18974241 ER PT J AU Cronan, MK Shinew, KJ Schneider, I Stanis, SAW Chavez, D AF Cronan, Megan Kelly Shinew, Kimberly J. Schneider, Ingrid Stanis, Sonja A. Wilhelm Chavez, Deborah TI Physical Activity Patterns and Preferences Among Latinos in Different Types of Public Parks SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE leisure; exercise; constraints; health; gender ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN; LEISURE; WOMEN; DETERMINANTS; EXPERIENCES; CONSTRAINTS; OBESITY; MOTHERS; OLDER AB Background: Centers for Disease Control (CDC) data suggest that Latinos are less likely to be physically active and more likely to be overweight and suffer from resulting complications than are Whites and that within the Latino population, Latina women are especially at risk. Therefore, promoting physical activity among Latinos, and understanding gender participation patterns within that population, is particularly important. One strategy for encouraging physical activity is to promote active uses of public parks. Methods: A national, multiyear, multisite study funded by the USDA Forest Service sought to understand use of public parks by Latinos and Latinas in Los Angeles, Minneapolis, and Chicago. Results: More than 50% of our sample visited parks to engage in physical activity, and in part, activity choice was related to gender. Furthermore, nearly half of all respondents walked to city park sites, whereas few or none walked to state or regional park sites. Conclusions: Our data suggest that Latinos are using some parks repeatedly and, in the case of city parks, are using them for physical as well as social activity. Therefore, we suggest specific ways that parks could be managed to encourage more physical activity while taking into account gender variations. C1 [Cronan, Megan Kelly; Shinew, Kimberly J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Recreat Sport & Tourism, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Schneider, Ingrid; Stanis, Sonja A. Wilhelm] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Chavez, Deborah] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Cronan, MK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Recreat Sport & Tourism, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1543-3080 J9 J PHYS ACT HEALTH JI J. Phys. Act. Health PD NOV PY 2008 VL 5 IS 6 BP 894 EP 908 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V18PB UT WOS:000208015600010 PM 19164823 ER PT J AU Bull, CT De Boer, SH Denny, TP Firrao, G Fischer-Le Saux, M Saddler, GS Scortichini, M Stead, DE Takikawa, Y AF Bull, C. T. De Boer, S. H. Denny, T. P. Firrao, G. Fischer-Le Saux, M. Saddler, G. S. Scortichini, M. Stead, D. E. Takikawa, Y. TI DEMYSTIFYING THE NOMENCLATURE OF BACTERIAL PLANT PATHOGENS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Pathovars; taxonomy; systematics; nomenclature; phytobacteriology; plant pathogenic bacteria; The Code; prokaryotes; approved lists; international standards ID PHASEOLI EX SMITH; SP-NOV; COMB-NOV; ET-AL.; ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE; TAXONOMIC NOTE; SUBSP-NOV; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; BACTERIOLOGICAL CODE; EMENDED DESCRIPTION AB A unified approach to naming bacteria ensures accurate communication among scientists, regulators and the public. Rules for nomenclature, Set Out in the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB), ensure that proposals for new names and combinations follow a logical and standardized progression that maintains the integrity of the established nomenclature while facilitating changes based on scientific inquiry into relationships among organisms. However, these Rules only apply to ranks at the level of subspecies and above and not to lower taxonomic ranks. The pathovar is one infraspecific rank that is widely used in the classification and nomenclature of plant pathogenic bacteria and is often included in legislation to provide statutory Control of bacterial plant pathogens. Thus, phytobacteriologists must rely on two discontinuous but, complimentary systems: the Rules set forth in ICNB for naming down to Subspecies level, and the Standards in the International Standards for Naming Pathovars of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria to name pathovars. A framework for determining the priority of names is provided by the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, which gives genus, Species and Subspecies names and their corresponding type strains, and subsequent lists of validly published names appearing in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. For pathovar names priority is based on the date of valid publication of legitimate names. A list of pathovar names and pathotype strains is maintained by the Committee on the Taxonomy of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria of the International Society of Plant Pathology. To help researchers avoid common pitfalls encountered when developing nomenclature for novel classification systems, this manuscript clarifies several key Rules and Standards. It aims to promote best practice, in that names developed to conform to the ICNB Should also consider precedents set by previous nomenclatural designations as per the International Standards for Naming Pathovars of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, thus ensuring continuity across the nomenclature of all phytopathogenic bacteria. C1 [Bull, C. T.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [De Boer, S. H.] CFIA, Charlottetown, PE C1A 5T1, Canada. [Denny, T. P.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Firrao, G.] Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Fischer-Le Saux, M.] INRA, UMR Pathol Vegetale 77, F-49070 Beaucouze, France. [Saddler, G. S.] SASA, Edinburgh EH12 9FJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Scortichini, M.] Ctr Ric Frutticoltura, CRA, I-00134 Rome, Italy. [Stead, D. E.] Cent Sci Lab, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. [Takikawa, Y.] Shizuoka Univ, Fac Agr, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. RP Bull, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM Carolee.Bull@ars.usda.gov OI FIRRAO, Giuseppe/0000-0002-7890-0899; Scortichini, Marco/0000-0003-1565-9097 NR 69 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 90 IS 3 BP 403 EP 417 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 377FM UT WOS:000261237100001 ER PT J AU Delgado, JA Anderson-Wilk, M AF Delgado, Jorge A. Anderson-Wilk, Mark TI Communicating Conservation Effects Assessment Project results SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID MULTIYEAR PRECIPITATION VARIATIONS; PRECISION CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT CHANGES; RESPONSE-TIMES; SEDIMENT YIELD; CEAP C1 [Delgado, Jorge A.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 176A EP 177A DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.176A PG 2 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000001 ER PT J AU Duriancik, LF Bucks, D Dobrowolski, JP Drewes, T Eckles, SD Jolley, L Kellogg, RL Lund, D Makuch, JR O'Neill, MP Rewa, CA Walbridge, MR Parry, R Weltz, MA AF Duriancik, Lisa F. Bucks, Date Dobrowolski, James P. Drewes, Tom Eckles, S. Diane Jolley, Leonard Kellogg, Robert L. Lund, Daryl Makuch, Joseph R. O'Neill, Michael P. Rewa, Charles A. Walbridge, Mark R. Parry, Roberta Weltz, Mark A. TI The first five years of the Conservation Effects Assessment Project SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 [Duriancik, Lisa F.] USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv NRCS, Resources Inventory & Assessment Div, Beltsville, MD USA. [Bucks, Date] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. [Dobrowolski, James P.] USDA Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv CSREES, Washington, DC USA. [Makuch, Joseph R.] USDA, Natl Agr Lib, Water Qual Informat Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Parry, Roberta] US EPA, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Weltz, Mark A.] ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV USA. RP Duriancik, LF (reprint author), USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv NRCS, Resources Inventory & Assessment Div, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 185A EP 188A DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.185A PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000005 ER PT J AU Maresch, W Walbridge, MR Kugler, D AF Maresch, Wayne Walbridge, Mark R. Kugler, Daniel TI Enhancing conservation on agricultural landscapes: A new direction for the Conservation Effects Assessment Project SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 [Maresch, Wayne] USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Walbridge, Mark R.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. [Kugler, Daniel] USDA Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Maresch, W (reprint author), USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 198A EP 203A DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.198A PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000007 ER PT J AU Cohen, IS Moreno, JMM Spring, UO Heilman, P Barrios, JLG Padilla, GD Valle, MV AF Sanchez Cohen, Ignacio Maass Moreno, Jose Manuel Oswald Spring, Ursula Heilman, Philip Gonzalez Barrios, Jose L. Diaz Padilla, Gabriel Velasquez Valle, Miguel TI Integrated water management research in Mexico: Opportunity for North American collaboration SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT News Item C1 [Sanchez Cohen, Ignacio] Natl Inst Forestry Agr & Anim Husb Res Mexico INI, Durango, Mexico. [Maass Moreno, Jose Manuel] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Ecosistemas, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. [Oswald Spring, Ursula] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Reg Invest Multidisciplinarias, Cuernavaca 62191, Morelos, Mexico. [Heilman, Philip] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Velasquez Valle, Miguel] INIFAP, Durango, Mexico. RP Cohen, IS (reprint author), Natl Inst Forestry Agr & Anim Husb Res Mexico INI, Durango, Mexico. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 212A EP 213A DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.212A PG 2 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000010 ER PT J AU Weltz, MA Jolley, L Nearing, M Stone, J Goodrich, D Spaeth, K Kiniry, J Arnold, J Bubenheim, D Hernandez, M Wei, HY AF Weltz, Mark A. Jolley, Leonard Nearing, Mark Stone, Jeff Goodrich, Dave Spaeth, Ken Kiniry, Jim Arnold, Jeff Bubenheim, David Hernandez, Mariano Wei, Haiyan TI Assessing the benefits of grazing land conservation practices SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 [Weltz, Mark A.] USDA ARS, Reno, NV USA. [Jolley, Leonard] USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv NRCS, Beltsville, MD USA. [Nearing, Mark; Stone, Jeff; Goodrich, Dave] USDA ARS, Tucson, AZ USA. [Spaeth, Ken] USDA NRCS, Ft Worth, TX USA. [Arnold, Jeff] USDA ARS, Temple, TX USA. [Bubenheim, David] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Hernandez, Mariano; Wei, Haiyan] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Weltz, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Reno, NV USA. RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 214A EP 217A DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.214A PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000011 ER PT J AU Smiley, PC Gillespie, RB King, KW Huang, CH AF Smiley, Peter C., Jr. Gillespie, Robert B. King, Kevin W. Huang, Chi-hua TI Contribution of habitat and water quality to the integrity of fish communities in agricultural drainage ditches SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT C1 [Smiley, Peter C., Jr.; King, Kevin W.] USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. [Gillespie, Robert B.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. [Huang, Chi-hua] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Smiley, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 218A EP 219A DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.218A PG 2 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000012 ER PT J AU Karlen, DL AF Karlen, Douglas L. TI A new paradigm for natural resources research: The Conservation Effects Assessment Project SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Res Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Karlen, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Res Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 220A EP 220A DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.220A PG 1 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000013 ER PT J AU Bryant, RB Veith, TL Kleinman, PJA Gburek, WJ AF Bryant, R. B. Veith, T. L. Kleinman, P. J. A. Gburek, W. J. TI Cannonsville Reservoir and Town Brook watersheds: Documenting conservation efforts to protect New York City's drinking water SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE best management practices (BMPs); Cannonsville Reservoir; Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); water quality; watershed management ID SURFACE-APPLIED MANURES; COVER CROPS; DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; DAIRY-CATTLE; MANAGEMENT; RUNOFF; MODEL; REDUCTION; PLACEMENT; LEVEL AB The Cannonsville Reservoir watershed is a major component of the unfiltered New York City water supply system.. The Voluntary, incentive-based Watershed Agricultural program is a collaborative effort among producers, federal, state, and local organizations to address the problem of phosphorus loading effects oil water quality through implementation of whole-farm plans. The effectiveness of selected conservation practices, including stream-bank fencing. precision feeding, and the use of cover crops with siage corn (Zea mays L.) are being evaluated. Simulation models have been developed and improved to evaluate the effectiveness of individual conservation practices and better assess annual agriculture and manure management practices. Couservation practices implemented through the Watershed I Agricultural program are resulting in lower phosphorus loading from nonpoint Sources ill 9 the watershed. Future efforts need to identify the most cost-effective conservation practices and extend our knowledge of watershed quality protection beyond the boundaries of the Cannonsville Reservoir watershed. C1 [Bryant, R. B.; Veith, T. L.; Kleinman, P. J. A.; Gburek, W. J.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Bryant, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Veith, Tamie/H-4911-2011 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 339 EP 344 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.339 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000014 ER PT J AU Lerch, RN Sadler, EJ Kitchen, NR Sudduth, KA Kremer, RJ Myers, DB Baffaut, C Anderson, SH Lin, CH AF Lerch, R. N. Sadler, E. J. Kitchen, N. R. Sudduth, K. A. Kremer, R. J. Myers, D. B. Baffaut, C. Anderson, S. H. Lin, C. -H. TI Overview of the Mark Twain Lake/Salt River Basin Conservation Effects Assessment Project SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); claypan soils; cropping systems; simulation modeling; water quality monitoring; watershed management ID SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PRECISION AGRICULTURE SYSTEM; NORTH-CENTRAL MISSOURI; CLAYPAN SOILS; WATERSHED VULNERABILITY; HERBICIDE TRANSPORT; EVALUATION AREAS; CROP MANAGEMENT; FARMING SYSTEMS; TILLAGE SYSTEMS AB The Mark Twain Lake/Salt Basin was selected as one of the USDA Agricultural Research Service benchmark watersheds for the Conservation Effects Assessment Project because of documented soil and water quality problems and broad stakeholder interest. The basin is located in northeastern Missouri within the Central Claypan Region, and it is the source of water to Mark Twain Lake, the major public water supply in the region. At the outlet to Mark Twain Lake, the basin drains 6,417 km(2) (2,478 mi(2)), including 10 major water-sheds that range in area from 271 to 1,579 km(2) (105 to 609 mi(2)). The basin is characterized by flat to gently rolling topography with a predominance of claypan soils that result in high runoff potential. The claypan soils are especially vulnerable to soil erosion, which has degraded soil and water quality throughout the basin, and to surface transport of herbicides. Results from cropping system best management practice studies showed that no-till cropping systems did not reduce surface runoff compared to tilled systems, and no-till led to increased transport of soil-applied herbicides. A major challenge is the need to develop cropping systems that incorporate herbicides yet maintain sufficient crop residue cover to control soil erosion. Results of the Soil and Water Assement Tool model simulations showed that the model was capable of simulating observed long-term trends in atrazine concentrations and loads and the impact of grass waterways on atrazine concentrations. Current and future research efforts will continue to focus on best management practice studies, development of needed tools to improve watershed management, and refinements in the calibration and validation of the Soil and Water Assement Tool model. C1 [Lerch, R. N.; Sadler, E. J.; Kitchen, N. R.; Sudduth, K. A.; Kremer, R. J.; Baffaut, C.] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. [Myers, D. B.; Anderson, S. H.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Lin, C. -H.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO USA. RP Lerch, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. NR 74 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 345 EP 359 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.345 PG 15 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000015 ER PT J AU Tomer, MD Moorman, TB Rossi, CG AF Tomer, M. D. Moorman, T. B. Rossi, C. G. TI Assessment of the Iowa River's South Fork watershed: Part 1. Water quality SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE bacteria; Conservation Effects Assement Project (CEAP); conservation practices; E.coli; manure; nitrate; phosphorus; subsurface drainage ID NITRATE; PHOSPHORUS; ILLINOIS; SOIL; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; BASEFLOW; REMOVAL; STREAMS; FATE AB Iowa's South Fork watershed is dominated by corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr)] rotations, and animal feeding operations are common. Artificial subsurface (tile) drainage is extensive; hydric soils cover 54% of the watershed. During spring and early summer NO(3)-N concentrations in tile and stream discharge often exceed 20 mg L(-1). Total N loads during 2002 to 2005 ranged from 16 to 26 kg NO(3)-N ha(-1) Y(-1) (14 to 23 lb ac(-1) Yr(-1)). Nitrate concentrations increased linearly with log baseflow, effectively a surrogate measure of tile discharge. Phosphorus loads were only 0.4 to 0.7 kg P ha(-1) Y(-1) (0.4 to 0.6 lb ac(-1) yr(-1)), but concentrations commonly exceeded 0.1 mg L(-1), a eutrophication-risk threshold. Mean E.coli populations in the stream exceeded 500 cells 100 ml(-1) during summer. Statistical comparison of actual nitrate records with independent records generated using regression equations provided modeling efficiencies of 0.91 or less, suggesting performance targets for watershed model validation. Tile drainage is more important in transport of nitrate and dissolved phosphorus than E.coli. Variations in nitrate, phosphorus, and E.coli are uniquely timed, highlighting the complexity of integrated water quality assessments. C1 [Tomer, M. D.; Moorman, T. B.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Rossi, C. G.] USDA ARS, Blackland Res Ctr, Temple, TX USA. RP Tomer, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 33 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 16 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 360 EP 370 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.360 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000016 ER PT J AU King, KW Smiley, PC Baker, BJ Fausey, NR AF King, K. W. Smiley, P. C., Jr. Baker, B. J. Fausey, N. R. TI Validation of paired watersheds for assessing conservation practices in the Upper Big Walnut Creek watershed, Ohio SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); fish communities; headwater watersheds; hydrology; nutrients; paired design; pesticides ID RUNOFF; RESTORATION; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENT; QUALITY; USA AB Impacts of,watershed scale conservation practice adoption oil sediment, nutrient, and pesticide losses and adjacent stream biota are not v,,ell understood. The objective of this study was to examine the suitability of selected paired watersheds to quantify hydrology, chemical, and ecology effects of conservation practice implementation for channelized Mid unchannelized watersheds in Upper Big Walnut Creek watershed, Ohio. Channelized watersheds were more similar in watershed characteristics than the unchannelized watersheds. One hydrology, eight water chemistry, and five fish community response variables were measured. Most response variables in both watershed pairs were moderately correlated (r > 0.6) but the minimum percent change required to detect a response difference was greater for the unchannelized watersheds. Detectable temporal trends in the difference between like response variables For the channelized and unchannelized watershed pairs were minimal. These results validate the paired watershed design and suggest that conservation practice induced changes in hydrologic water quality, and fish communities can be quantified. C1 [King, K. W.; Smiley, P. C., Jr.; Fausey, N. R.] USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. [Baker, B. J.] USDA Nat Resources, Findlay Serv Ctr, Conservat Serv, Findlay, OH USA. RP King, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. NR 40 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 25 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 380 EP 395 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.380 PG 16 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000018 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Livingston, SJ Zuercher, BW Larose, M Heathman, GC Huang, C AF Smith, D. R. Livingston, S. J. Zuercher, B. W. Larose, M. Heathman, G. C. Huang, C. TI Nutrient losses from row crop agriculture in Indiana SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); conservation practices; nitrogen; phosphorus; vegetative buffer strips; water quality ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; WATER-QUALITY; DRAINAGE DITCHES; PHOSPHORUS TRANSPORT; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NITRATE-NITROGEN; SURFACE WATERS; UNITED-STATES; ILLINOIS AB Agricultural nutrient losses contribute to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico and eutrophication in the Great Lakes. Our objective was to assess effects of topography, geomorphology, climate, cropping systems and land use and conservation practices on hydrology and nutrient fate and transport in the St. Joseph River watershed. We monitored five sites (298 to 4,300 ha [736 to 10,600 ac]) on two drainage ditches within the St. Joseph River watershed in northeastern Indiana. Row crop agriculture, primarily corn (Zea Mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), is the dominant land use (similar to 60%) in this pothole or closed depression landscape. The hydrology is dominated by subsurface tile drainage supplemented with surface drainage of remote potholes. Vegetative buffer strips have been implemented along >60% of the agricultural drainage ditches. The vegetative buffer strips play an invaluable role protecting water quality though by acting as natural setbacks during fertilizer and pesticide applications. Multiple regressions indicated land cropped to corn and areas with direct drainage or potholes are highly sensitive to nutrient losses. Future conservation assessment efforts in this and similar watersheds should focus on management of potholes in cropped fields and the subsequent effect of those practices on tile drainage water. C1 [Smith, D. R.; Livingston, S. J.; Zuercher, B. W.; Heathman, G. C.; Huang, C.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Larose, M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 50 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 34 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 396 EP 409 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.396 PG 14 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000019 ER PT J AU Pappas, EA Huang, C Bucholtz, DL AF Pappas, E. A. Huang, C. Bucholtz, D. L. TI Implications of sampling frequency to herbicide conservation effects assessment SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE atrazine; Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); herbicide; maximum contaminant level; water quality ID WATER AB Herbicide losses from agriculture represent potential human health hazards, and are one focus of the Conservation Effects Assement Project. Since frequent herbicide sampling can be rigorous and expensive, it is desirable to determine expected uncertainities associated with reduced sampling frequencies. Atrazine, simazine, alachlor, acetochlor, metolachlor, and glyphosate were monitored in tile-fed drainage ditches. Water samples were collected during the 2004 to 2007 cropping seasons at eight monitoring sites located at the outlets of sub basins ranging in size from 298 to 19,341 ha (736 to 47,793 ac). Herbicide data were analyzed based upon daily sampling, then for 7 possible weekly samplilng more intensively during runoff events was evaluated. Statistical analyses indicate the need for management practices to reduce acrazine and metolachlor loading to drainage water can best be assessed in these drainage networks usign daily sampling in conjunction with a more intensive sampling regime during storm events, while sampling frequency had little impact on observed levels of other herbicides. This indicates that biweekly sampling may be sufficient for monitoring of some herbicides, allowing for reduced analytical costs. C1 [Pappas, E. A.; Huang, C.; Bucholtz, D. L.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pappas, EA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 410 EP 419 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.410 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000020 ER PT J AU Wilson, GV Shields, FD Bingner, RL Reid-Rhoades, R DiCarlo, DA Dabney, SM AF Wilson, G. V. Shields, F. D., Jr. Bingner, R. L. Reid-Rhoades, R. DiCarlo, D. A. Dabney, S. M. TI Conservation practices and gully erosion contributions in the Topashaw Canal watershed SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); drop pipes; grade-control structures; gully erosion; runoff; streamflow ID LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; SEEPAGE EROSION; SEDIMENT; STABILITY; MODEL; TRANSPORT; PRESSURE; CHANNELS; FLOW AB Quantifying the effectiveness of conservation practices at the watershed scale throughout the nation has been identified as a critical need. Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of these conservation practices for reducing sediment yield. The Topashaw CAnal watershed (TCW), an 11,000-ha (27,181-ac) are in north central Mississippi, exhibits flashy stream response to storms with mean sediment concentrations (117 mg L-1 [117 ppm]) almost double the median sediment concentration (60 mg L(-1)). The most prevalent conservation practice imposed by acreage, since 1985, is enrollment in the Conservation Reserve Program (e.g., planting of pine trees). Grade-stabilization structures (e.g., drop pipes) are the most common conservation practice used to control gully erosion within the TCW. These structures are estimated by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service to reduce annual sediment yield from 11.5 to 0.1 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) (5.13 to 0.05 tn ac(-1) yr(-1)) but measurements have not been made to determine the accuracy of these estimates. Nonetheless, an average of 58 drop pipes have been installed annually within the TCW using Environmental Quality Incentives Program funds, and an additional 5.4 large drop pipes have been installed each year using US Corps of Engineers funds. Annual gully erosion accounted for 54% of the total sediment yield of over 73,000 Mg (80,445 tn) from TCW. The shift in land use to Conservation Reserve Program, combined with channel incision, has resulted in stream bank failure and gully erosion being the primary sources of sediment currently leaving the watershed. C1 [Wilson, G. V.; Bingner, R. L.; Dabney, S. M.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Watershed Phys Proc Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Shields, F. D., Jr.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Reid-Rhoades, R.] USDA Farm Serv Agcy, Louisville, MS USA. [DiCarlo, D. A.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Petr & Geosyst Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Wilson, GV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Watershed Phys Proc Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 420 EP 429 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.420 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000021 ER PT J AU Locke, MA Knight, SS Smith, S Cullum, RF Zablotowicz, RM Yuan, Y Bingner, RL AF Locke, M. A. Knight, S. S. Smith, S., Jr. Cullum, R. F. Zablotowicz, R. M. Yuan, Y. Bingner, R. L. TI Environmental quality research in the Beasley Lake watershed, 1995 to 2007: Succession from conventional to conservation practices SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE buffers; conservation; Conservation Effects Assesment Project (CEAP); ecosystem; nutrients; pesticide; soil; tillage; water quality; wetland ID MISSISSIPPI DELTA; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN; SEDIMENT YIELD; DEGRADATION; ATRAZINE; RUNOFF; FLUOMETURON; TOXICITY; FLORIDA AB The Beasley Lake watershed (BLW), established for the Mississippi Delta Management Systems Evaluation Area project, represents the US Mississippi Delta region in the national Conservation Effects Assessment Project. The 915-ha (2,260-ac) BLW drains into an oxbow lake that has been monitored since 1995 when row crops were grown on 79% of the area, and the remaining area included a 25-ha (62-ac) lake and a 135-ha (330-ac) riparian forest. Currently, row crops account for 66.5% of the area with 12.4% enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) acreage has decreased from 63.3% to 8.9%. Historical and current research in BLW focuses on monitoring lake limnology, evaluating conservation practice effects on edge-of-field runoff, quantifying changes associated with the Conservation Reserve Program, and modeling watershed responses. Applying combinations of conservation practices can significantly reduce nonpoint source pollution. For example, converting row crops to reduced tillage and transgenic herbicide-resistant crops in BLW reduced suspended sediment (70% reduction), total phosphorus (41% reduction), and pesticide concentrations in lake water. Corresponding increases in Secchi visibility (97%) and chlorophyll a (a primary productivity indicator) likely contributed to improved fish productivity (e.g., fish weight increase comparing 1998 and 2004: Micropterus salmoides 87%, Lepomis macrochius, 65%) during this period. Additional studies should quantify effects of individual practices and improve modeling tools for making better management decisions. The utilization of the Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) model and the Riparian Ecosystem Management Model (REMM) together provides additional information on the effectiveness of conservation practices within the watershed by combining technology that assesses riparian buffer effectiveness in filtering nutrients at the field scale with the watershed water quality transport capabilitiess of the AnnAGNPS model. C1 [Locke, M. A.; Knight, S. S.; Smith, S., Jr.; Cullum, R. F.; Bingner, R. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Zablotowicz, R. M.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Yuan, Y.] Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS USA. RP Locke, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 40 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 24 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 430 EP 442 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.430 PG 13 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000022 ER PT J AU Steiner, JL Starks, PJ Daniel, JA Garbrecht, JD Moriasi, D McIntyre, S Chen, JS AF Steiner, J. L. Starks, P. J. Daniel, J. A. Garbrecht, J. D. Moriasi, D. McIntyre, S. Chen, J. -S. TI Environmental effects of agricultural conservation: A framework for research in two watersheds in Oklahoma's Upper Washita River Basin SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE climate variability; Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); groundwater; soil quality; water quality ID UNITED-STATES; SEDIMENT; TRANSPORT; QUALITY; PLAINS; RATES; MODEL; CEAP AB Agriculture in the Upper Washita River Basin represents mixed crop-livestock systems of the Southern Plains. Research in the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed and the Fort Cobb Reservoir Experimental Watershed addresses interactive effects of variable climate, land use, and management on environmental quality. The Little Washita River watershed provides opportunities to explore impacts of flood retarding impoundments within a watershed. The Fort Cobb Reservoir watershedn provides opportunities to study effects of agricultural conservation on a large eutrophic reservoir. Analysis of 1940 to 2005 data from the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed showed that precipitation increased 33% corresponding runoff increased 101%, and sediment yield increased 183% when comparing multi-year wet periods to multi-year dry periods. Depth to groundwater exhibited seasonal and interannual variation. A rapid geomorphic assessment indicated that unstable stream channels dominate the stream networks. Phosphorus concentration in streams was correlated to multiple attributes of the contributing areas, including contributing area, slope, stream density, and channel stability. Anticipated outcomes are improved understanding of environmental effects of conservation, new approaches to mitigation of water quality problems, and tools to support strategic placement conservation practices on the landscape to achieve environmental goals. C1 [Steiner, J. L.; Starks, P. J.; Daniel, J. A.; Garbrecht, J. D.; Moriasi, D.; McIntyre, S.; Chen, J. -S.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. RP Steiner, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. OI Moriasi, Daniel N/0000-0002-3389-3277 NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 443 EP 452 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.443 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000023 ER PT J AU Harmel, RD Rossi, CG Dybala, T Arnold, J Potter, K Wolfe, J Hoffman, D AF Harmel, R. D. Rossi, C. G. Dybala, T. Arnold, J. Potter, K. Wolfe, J. Hoffman, D. TI Conservation Effects Assessment Project research in the Leon River and Riesel watersheds SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE best management practices; Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); soil quality; Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT); water quality monitoring ID POULTRY LITTER FERTILIZATION; BLACKLAND PRAIRIE; NUTRIENT LOSSES; PHOSPHORUS LOSS; SURFACE RUNOFF; CENTRAL TEXAS; CLAY SOILS; MODEL; MANAGEMENT; SEDIMENT AB The Leon River basin was selected as a benchmark watershed for the Conservation Effects Assessment Project to complement the historical USDA Agricultural Research Service experimental watersheds near Riesel, Texas, Excessive nutrient and bacteria concentrations contributed by agricultural, urban, and natural sources are the primary water quality concerns. Modeling and field evaluations of the hydrologic impact and soil and water quality response to tillage and nutrient management practices are the primary research themes of this project. Water quality data from 15 Leon River watersheds (0.3 ha [0.75 ac] to 6.070 km(2) [2.340 m(2)]) and 13 Riesel watersheds (1.2 ha [3.0 ac]) to 70.4 ha [174 ac]) has improved modeling of phosphorus transformation and transport routines. Modeling research also coupled field- and farm-scale model output to improve the basin-scale Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for the national assessment of conservation practices. Additional key products of Conservation Effects Assessment Project research include innovative erosion control methods on military lands, enhanced carbon sequestration estimates for various agricultural land uses, and improved understanding of environmental and economic impacts of organic fertilizer application. C1 [Harmel, R. D.; Rossi, C. G.; Arnold, J.; Potter, K.] USDA ARS, Temple, TX USA. [Dybala, T.] USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Temple, TX USA. [Wolfe, J.; Hoffman, D.] Texas AgriLife Res, Temple, TX USA. RP Harmel, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Temple, TX USA. RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 FU USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service; USDA ARS; US Environmental Protection Agency [319]; Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board FX The authors would like to recognize cooperation of the Melde, Schrank, and Patton families for allwoing access to their land and providing such gracious cooperation. Funding has been provided by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service and USDA ARS. supplemented with a 319 grant from the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board grant funded outreach and education in the Leon River basin. Thanks also to Rick Hancy Roger Cassens. Trixie DeLisle. Larry Koester Darrel Masser, Jason McAlister, Lisa Prcin. Rajani Srinivasan, and Ron Whitis for site maintenance and sample collection and analysis. Nancy Sammons and Georgie Mitchell also provided valuable modeling support. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 453 EP 460 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.453 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000024 ER PT J AU McCarty, GW McConnell, LL Hapernan, CJ Sadeghi, A Graff, C Hively, WD Lang, MW Fisher, TR Jordan, T Rice, CP Codling, EE Whitall, D Lynn, A Keppler, J Fogel, ML AF McCarty, G. W. McConnell, L. L. Hapernan, C. J. Sadeghi, A. Graff, C. Hively, W. D. Lang, M. W. Fisher, T. R. Jordan, T. Rice, C. P. Codling, E. E. Whitall, D. Lynn, A. Keppler, J. Fogel, M. L. TI Water quality and conservation practice effects in the Choptank River watershed SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE best management practices (BMPs); Chesapeake Bay; Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); denitrification-riparian buffers; watershed; wetland; winter cover crop AB The Choptank River is an estuary, tributary of the Chesapeake Bay, and an eco-system in decline due partly to excessive nutrient and sediment loads from agriculture. The Conservation Effects Assessment Project for the Choptank River watershed was established to evaluate the effectiveness of conservation practices oil water quality, within this watershed. Several measurement frame works are being used to assess conservation practices. Nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and herbicides (atrazine and metolachlor) are monitored within 1.5 small. agricultural subwatersheds and periodically in the lower portions of the river estuary Initial results indicate that land use within these subwatersheds is a major determinant Of nutrient concentration in streams. In addition, the (18)O isotope signature of nitrate was used to provide a landscape assessment of denitrification processes in the presence of the variable land use. Herbicide concentrations were not correlated to land use, suggesting that herbicide delivery to the streams is influenced by other factors and/or processes. Remote sensing technologies have been used to scale point measurements of best management practice effectiveness from field to subwatershed and watershed scales. Optical satellite (SPOT-5) data and ground-level measurements have been shown to be effective for monitoring nutrient uptake by winter cover crops in fields with a wide range of management practices. Synthetic Aperture Radar (RADARSAT-1) data have been shown to detect and to characterize accurately the hydrology (hydroperiod) of forested wetlands at landscape and watershed scales. These multiple approaches are providing actual data for assessment of conservation practices and to help producers. natural resource managers, and policy makers maintain agricultural production while protecting this unique estuary C1 [McCarty, G. W.; McConnell, L. L.; Hapernan, C. J.; Sadeghi, A.; Hively, W. D.; Lang, M. W.; Rice, C. P.; Codling, E. E.] USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Graff, C.] LimnoTech Inc, Washington, DC USA. [Fisher, T. R.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Jordan, T.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Whitall, D.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Lynn, A.] USDA Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Annapolis, MD USA. [Keppler, J.] Maryland Dept Agr, Annapolis, MD USA. RP McCarty, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011 FU USDA NRCS FX We acknowledge the contributions of technical staff from all the participating agencies and institutions, especially Anne Gustafson, Peter Downey, Paul Biddle, Leticia Drakeford, Krystyna Bialek, Molly Monahan, Kerry Sefton, Jennifer Harman-Fetcho, Swati Mookherji, Mebrat Gesese, and Walter Stracke. Partial funding for this project was provided by the USDA NRCS special emphasis watershed conservation Effects Assessment Project, and a Cheasapeake Bay Targeted Watersheds grant funded under the Chesapeake Bay Program and administered by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. NR 49 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 25 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 461 EP 474 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.461 PG 14 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000025 ER PT J AU Feyereisen, GW Lowrance, R Strickland, TC Bosch, DD Sheridan, JM AF Feyereisen, G. W. Lowrance, R. Strickland, T. C. Bosch, D. D. Sheridan, J. M. TI Long-term stream chemistry trends in the southern Georgia Little River Experimental Watershed SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); Coastal Plain; nutrients; stream chemistry; water quality; watershed data record ID COASTAL-PLAIN WATERSHEDS; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; NUTRIENT BUDGETS; NITRATE AB Long-term stream water quality data may provide opportunities to study the effectiveness of conservation practices. The first three decades of data for the Little River in south-eastern Georgia were analyzed for trends as part of the Conservation Effects Assessment Project. Concentrations and loads for chloride, ammonium-N, nitrate plus nitrite-N, total Kjeldahl N, total P, and dissolved molybdate reactive Phosphorus were determined from 1974 through 2003 for eight nested subwatersheds in the Little River Experimental Watershed. There was a statistically significant downward trend for annual mean total phosphorus concentration in five Subwatersheds and an upward trend for chloride in three subwatersheds. The decrease in total phosphorus concentration occurred primarily in winter. Trends in phosphorus and chloride concentrations did not appear to be related to land use. There were no statistical differences in annual streamflow or nutrient loads expressed on a per area basis among the nested subwatersheds. Annual and seasonal flow-weighted mean concentrations were different among the subwatersheds for nitrate-N and chloride. The larger subwatersheds had significantly higher nitrate-N in winter and spring. The nutrient loads and concentrations from these subwatersheds were all order of magnitude less compared to other agricultural watersheds. Conservation practices were implemented oil 11%, of the watershed area from 1980 to 2003; however, the affects of the practices on watershed water quality was not clear. Earlier short-term Studies attributed the low levels OF nutrient transport to the presence of extensive riparian forests and the general prevalence of forest in these mixed land use watersheds. C1 [Feyereisen, G. W.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. [Lowrance, R.; Strickland, T. C.; Bosch, D. D.; Sheridan, J. M.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Feyereisen, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. OI Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X NR 28 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 475 EP 486 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.475 PG 12 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000026 ER PT J AU Bjorneberg, DL Westermann, DT Nelson, NO Kendrick, JH AF Bjorneberg, D. L. Westermann, D. T. Nelson, N. O. Kendrick, J. H. TI Conservation practice effectiveness in the irrigated Upper Snake River/Rock Creek watershed SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); furrow irrigation; sprinkler irrigation; water balance ID 2 LARGE TRACTS; DRAINAGE WATERS; SOUTHERN IDAHO; SEDIMENT; LOSSES AB The Upper Snake River/Rock Creek Conservation Effects Assessment Project was initiated in 2005 to determine the effectiveness of conservation practices in an irrigated watershed. Our objectives were to determine water and salt balances and water quality effects of using sprinkler rather than furrow irrigation in the Twin Falls irrigation tract in southern Idaho. Data from the current study were compared with earlier studies conducted from 1968 to 1971. Irrigation water diverted from the Snake River supplied 73% and 83% of the hydrologic input to this 82,000 ha (202,000 ac) watershed in 2005 and 2006, respectively, With approximately 40% flowing, back to the Snake River through furrow irrigation runoff. unused irrigation water, and subsurface drainage. Net suspended sediment loss decreased from 460 kg ha(-1) (400 lb ac(-1)) during the 1971 irrigation season to 220 kg ha(-1) (190 lb ac(-1)) in 2005 and 10 kg ha(-1) (9 lb ac(-1)) in 2006 by switching from furrow to sprinkler irrigation, applying polyacylamide, and installing sediment ponds. The relative amount of sprinkler irrigation in a subwatershed did not correlate with the total loss of suspended sediment for July 2005 and 2006 (r = 0.12). The lack of correlation was primarily due to extremely high sediment concentrations in two of the five subwatersheds, possibly due to furrow irrigation management. Two potential concerns identified during this initial analysis were an accumulation of total salts in the watershed and increased nitrate concentrations ill four return flow streams compared to earlier Studies. Future analyses will determine the effects of specific practices with this,watershed. C1 [Bjorneberg, D. L.; Westermann, D. T.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. [Nelson, N. O.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Kendrick, J. H.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Boise, ID USA. RP Bjorneberg, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. FU USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service FX Partial support for this Conservation Effects Assessment Project was provided by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 487 EP 495 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.487 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000027 ER PT J AU Kuhnle, RA Bingner, RL Alonso, CV Wilson, CG Simon, A AF Kuhnle, R. A. Bingner, R. L. Alonso, C. V. Wilson, C. G. Simon, A. TI Conservation practice effects on sediment toad in the Goodwin Creek Experimental Watershed SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE agicultural watersheds; Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); conservation practices; sediment load AB Water quality and aquatic habitat due to unstable stream channels and high sediment concentrations during storm runoff events are major environmental concerns on the 2,132 ha (5,266 ac) Goodwin Creek Experimental Watershed in north Mississippi. Effects of enrolling erodible lands in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and instream grade stabilization structures were evaluated using measured rainfall, runoff, and sediment concentration data and model simulations. Signatures of naturally occurring radionuclides indicated that 78% of the total sediment load originated from channel sources. The change of land to a CRP-like state (reducing cultivated land from 26% to 8%) reduced erosion and runoff from fields and thus decreased total sediment concentration by 63% between 1982 to 1990. Simulations using the Fluvial Routing Analysis and Modeling Environment model indicated that mean sediment yields would increase from 15%, to over 200%, depending upon location in the watershed, if in-channel structures were not present. The combined effect of the grade control structures and the change of lands to a CRP-state was to reduce sediment yields by 78%, near the Outlet of the watershed. C1 [Kuhnle, R. A.; Bingner, R. L.; Alonso, C. V.; Simon, A.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Wilson, C. G.] Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Kuhnle, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 496 EP 503 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.496 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000028 ER PT J AU Simon, A Klimetz, L AF Simon, A. Klimetz, L. TI Relative magnitudes and sources of sediment in benchmark watersheds of the Conservation Effects Assessment Project SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); reference conditions; sediment yields; streambank erosion ID CHANNEL RESPONSE; UNITED-STATES; DISCHARGE; BANKFULL; BASIN; AREA AB Sediment is one of the principal pollutrants of surface waters of the United States. Efforts by the USDA to quantify and control sediment erosion have historically focused on fields and upland areas. There is a growing body of evidence in agricultural areas, however, that the locus of sediment erosion has shifted from fields and uplands to channels. This is a critical issue in the Conservation Effects Assessment Project that evaluates the effectiveness of controls on sediment erosion. Rapid geomorphic assessments indicate that channel contributions are significant sources of sediment in the studied watersheds. The relative importance of channel processes are obtained by comparing "reference" yields for the ecoregion with the respective watershed yields. Annual suspended sediment yields for the Conservation Effects Assessment Project watersheds exceed the median value for stable streams by 243% in lowa, 290% in New York, 630% in Mississippi, and between 2,120% and 7,410% in Oklahoma. Erosion from streambanks is an important process that must be addressed in management strategies aimed at controlling sediment production and delivery. C1 [Simon, A.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Watershed Phys Proc Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Klimetz, L.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Simon, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Watershed Phys Proc Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. FU CEAP; USDA ARS FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support the CEAP program leadership for providing partial funding for this work. Additional funding and personnel support was provided by USDA ARS locations in Mississippi (Goodwin Creek, Mississippi), Pennsylvania (Town Brook, New York). Oklahoma (Fort Cobb, Oklahoma). Georgia (Little River Georgia), and Iowa (South Fork Iowa River, Iowa). Thanks to Carlos Alonso for contributing figure 22 to the summary of RGA results and to helicopter pilots in New York. Oklahoma, and Iowa for providing safe and professional services to field crews. NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 504 EP 522 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.504 PG 19 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000029 ER PT J AU Wilson, CG Kuhnle, RA Bosch, DD Steiner, JL Starks, PJ Tomer, MD Wilson, GV AF Wilson, C. G. Kuhnle, R. A. Bosch, D. D. Steiner, J. L. Starks, P. J. Tomer, M. D. Wilson, G. V. TI Quantifying relative contributions from sediment sources in Conservation Effects Assessment Project watersheds SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); radionuclides; sediment sources ID SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; FALLOUT RADIONUCLIDES; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SOIL-EROSION; RIVER-BASIN; BE-7; TRANSPORT; CS-137; PB-210; BERYLLIUM-7 AB A technique using the relationship between the naturally occurring radionuclide tracers, (7)Be and (210)Pb(xs), was used to differentiate eroded surface soils and channel-derived sediments in the fine suspended sediment loads of runoff events in five Conservation Effects Assessment Project watersheds. A simple two end-member mixing model was used to determine the relative contribution from each Source. Results Suggest that eroded surface soils were more prevalent in the Suspended load early in a runoff event, but channel contributions dominated the suspended load at later stages. The method proved useful for multiple sites due to a constant proportion of the atmospheric deliveries of the two radionuclides globally. Use of only two radionuclide tracers simplifies the differentiation of sediment sources within a watershed but limits precision. C1 [Wilson, C. G.] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Kuhnle, R. A.; Wilson, G. V.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Bosch, D. D.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Steiner, J. L.; Starks, P. J.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. [Tomer, M. D.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wilson, CG (reprint author), Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 55 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 14 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 523 EP 532 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.523 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000030 ER PT J AU Yuan, Y Locke, MA Bingner, RL AF Yuan, Y. Locke, M. A. Bingner, R. L. TI Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source model application for Mississippi Delta Beasley Lake watershed conservation practices assessment SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) model; Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); conservation practice assessment; nonpoint source pollution; runoff and sediment simulation; watershed modeling ID RUNOFF CURVE NUMBERS; NUTRIENT; SOIL; SEDIMENT; ANNAGNPS; TILLAGE; SIMULATION; ACCURACY; HISTORY; EROSION AB The Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) model has been developed to quantify watershed response to agricultural management practices. The objective of this study was to identify, critical areas where conservation practices Could be implemented and to predict their impact on Beasley Lake water quality in the Mississippi Delta using AnnAGNPS. Model evaluation was first performed by comparing the observed runoff and sediment from a US Geological Survey gauging station draining 7 ha (17 ac) of Beasley Lake watershed with the AnnAGNPS simulated runoff and sediment. The model demonstrated satisfactory capability in simulating runoff and sediment at an event scale. Without calibration, the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency was 0.81 for runoff and 0.54 for sediment; the relative error was 0.1 for runoff and 0.18 for sediment, and the Willmott index of agreement was 0.94 for runoff and 0.80 for sediment. The quantity of water and sediment produced from each field within the Beasley Lake watershed, quantity of water and sediment reaching Beasley Lake, and the potential impact of various USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service conservation programs on water quality were then simulated, High sediment-producing areas for nonpoint source pollution control were identified where sediment loads could be reduced by 15% to 77% using conservation practices. Simulations predicted that converting all cropland to no-till soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) would reduce sediment load by 77%, whereas no-till cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) would reduce it 64%. The approach taken in this study Could be used elsewhere in applying AnnAGNPS to ungauged watersheds or watersheds with limited field Observations for conservation program planning or evaluation. C1 [Yuan, Y.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Computat Hydrosci & Engn, Oxford, MS USA. [Locke, M. A.; Bingner, R. L.] USDA ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. RP Yuan, Y (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Computat Hydrosci & Engn, Oxford, MS USA. NR 49 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 542 EP 551 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.542 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000032 ER PT J AU Heathman, GC Flanagan, DC Larose, M Zuercher, BW AF Heathman, G. C. Flanagan, D. C. Larose, M. Zuercher, B. W. TI Application of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source models in the St. Joseph River watershed SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS); atrazine; Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); hydrologic modeling; Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT); streamflow; water quality ID SOURCE POLLUTION MODEL; SWAT MODEL; SIMULATION; ANNAGNPS; SEDIMENT; POTHOLES; NITROGEN; AGNPS; CREEK; BASIN AB This study evaluated the performance of two water quality models in accordance to specific tasks designated in the USDA Agricultural Research Service Conservation Effects Assessment Project. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) models were applied uncalibrated to the Cedar Creek watershed within the St. Joseph River watershed in northeastern Indiana to predict streamflow and atrazine losses. In order to ultimately assess the benefits of conservation practices in agricultural watersheds (which is one of the major goals of the Conservations Effects Assessment Project), proper application of the SWAT and AnnAGNPS models is essential including baseline comparisons made in an uncalibrated mode aimed at eliminating bias due to parameter optimization. Streamflow prediction results show that SWAT model performance was superior to AnnAGNPS, with SWAT model efficiency values ranging from 0.66 to 0.25 and AnnAGNPS model efficiency values ranging from 0.13 to -2.06 for monthly and annual streamflow, respectively. For uncalibrated conditions, neither model was able to adequately simulate atrazine loss concentrations. Overall results suggest that for Conservation Effects Assessment Project modeling applications at the Cedar Creek watershed scale in this study, the use of the SWAT model would be preferable to AnnAGNPS in terms of overall model performance and model support technology (e.g., model interface and documentation). C1 [Heathman, G. C.; Flanagan, D. C.; Zuercher, B. W.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Larose, M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Heathman, GC (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 71 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 552 EP 568 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.552 PG 17 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000033 ER PT J AU Steiner, JL Sadler, EJ Chen, JS Wilson, G James, D Vandenberg, B Ross, J Oster, T Cole, K AF Steiner, J. L. Sadler, E. J. Chen, J. -S. Wilson, G. James, D. Vandenberg, B. Ross, J. Oster, T. Cole, K. TI Sustaining the Earth's Watersheds-Agricultural Research Data System: Overview of development and challenges SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); hydrologic data; hydro-informatics; informatics project management; Sustaining the Earth's Watersheds; Agricultural Research Data System (STEWARDS) ID UNITED-STATES; QUALITY AB The USDA Agricultural Research Service has supported watershed research since the 1930s. Data from USDA Agricultural Research Service watersheds have been disseminated independently at each location, hindering multi-site analyses. A virtual team spanning diverse organizational units developed a web-based system, Sustaining the Earth's Watersheds-Agricultural Research Data System (STEWARDS) that allows users to search, visualize, and download soil, water, climate, management, and economic data from Conservation Effects Assessment Project benchmark watersheds. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of STEWARDS and discuss challenges that were met to deliver STEWARDS on time, according to requirements, and within available resources. The information technology specialists had to understand that vague and changing requirements are reasonable for a system to support loosely coupled research across diverse watersheds. Researchers and data managers had to learn to communicate clearly about their data. Open communication, respect for perspectives and constraints of others, and a shared commitment to the goal provided the basis for trust. Anticipated benefits of STEWARDS include data preservation, increased data use, and facilitation of hydrological research. C1 [Steiner, J. L.; Chen, J. -S.; Ross, J.] USDA ARS, El Reno, OK USA. [Sadler, E. J.; Oster, T.] USDA ARS, Columbia, MO USA. [Wilson, G.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. [James, D.; Cole, K.] USDA ARS, Ames, IA USA. [Vandenberg, B.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Steiner, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, El Reno, OK USA. RI Santos, Fernando/H-3257-2011 NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 569 EP 576 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.569 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000034 ER PT J AU Sadler, EJ Steiner, JL Chen, JS Wilson, G Ross, J Oster, T James, D Vandenberg, B Cole, K Hatfield, J AF Sadler, E. J. Steiner, J. L. Chen, J. -S. Wilson, G. Ross, J. Oster, T. James, D. Vandenberg, B. Cole, K. Hatfield, J. TI Sustaining the Earth's Watersheds-Agricultural Research Data System: Data development, user interaction, and operations management SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); database access and use; database operation; database structure; Sustaining the Earth's Watersheds; Agricultural Research Data System (STEWARDS) AB To support the USDA Agricultural Research Service Conservation Effects Assessment Project, a publicly available Web-based watershed data system, named Sustaining the Earth's Watersheds-Agricultural Research Data System (STEWARDS), was developed to provide data search, viewing, and downloading capabilities. The objectives of this paper are to (1) describe the data within STEWARDS, (2) describe the process of accessing watershed data and (3) provide an overview of the system management. STEWARDS is a data delivery system with a geographic information system interface, using space, time, and topic as key fields for searching an extensive database of soil, water, climate, land management, and socio-economic data from multiple long-term research watersheds. STEWARDS facilitates (1) researchers in obtaining USDA Agricultural Research Service historic watershed data for hydrological studies; (2) modelers in retrieving measured data over extensive time periods for model calibration and validation in watershed assessments to support CEAP; and (3) watershed managers, partners, and stakeholders in accessing long term data to support decision-making for selecting effective conservation practices. C1 [Sadler, E. J.; Oster, T.] USDA ARS, Columbia, MO USA. [Steiner, J. L.; Chen, J. -S.; Ross, J.] USDA ARS, El Reno, OK USA. [Wilson, G.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. [James, D.; Cole, K.; Hatfield, J.] USDA ARS, Ames, IA USA. [Vandenberg, B.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Sadler, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Columbia, MO USA. NR 6 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 577 EP 589 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.577 PG 13 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000035 ER PT J AU Richardson, CW Bucks, DA Sadler, EJ AF Richardson, C. W. Bucks, D. A. Sadler, E. J. TI The Conservation Effects Assessment Project benchmark watersheds: Synthesis of preliminary findings SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); conservation practices; economics; environmental quality; models; water quality ID NITRATE-NITROGEN; SWAT MODEL; QUALITY; SIMULATION; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS; AREA; UNCERTAINTY; CALIBRATION; STREAMFLOW AB The Conservation Effects Assessment Project was established to quantify the environmental impacts of USDA conservation programs. The Conservation Effects Assessment Project involves multiple watershed assessment studies designed to provide a scientific basis for a national assessment. The USDA Agricultural Research Service established 14 research sites-benchmark watersheds-to measure regionally specific environmental quality effects of conservation practices and to improve and validate models used by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service for their national assessment. Within each watershed, data were collected and continue to be collected to provide insight into the effects of specific conservation practices implemented under programs such as the Environmental Quality Incentives Program and the Conservation Reserve Program. A data storage and management system, Sustaining the Earth's Watersheds-Agricultural Research Data System (STEWARDS), was developed to provide easy accessibility to these data for analysis. Models were validated using data from many of the watersheds and were shown to be valuable tools for extrapolating the results for a national assessment. The physical process models were also combined with economic models to optimize tradeoffs among environmental and economic objectives of conservation practices. The benchmark watershed studies have begun to identify the effects of selected conservation practices, although additional data are required to provide definitive results. A prototype of a new modular modeling system has been developed that will provide a more powerful tool for future analyses. The initial Conservation Effects Assessment Project findings and products demonstrate progress toward the overall goals of quantifying conservation practice effects and providing tools to transfer the knowledge to points where they are applied under future conservation policy. C1 [Richardson, C. W.] USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Bucks, D. A.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. [Sadler, E. J.] USDA ARS, Columbia, MO USA. RP Richardson, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 76 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 15 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 590 EP 604 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.590 PG 15 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000036 ER PT J AU Aubertin-Leheudre, M Gorbach, S Woods, M Dwyer, JT Goldin, B Adlercreutz, H AF Aubertin-Leheudre, Mylene Gorbach, Sherwood Woods, Margo Dwyer, Johanna T. Goldin, Barry Adlercreutz, Herman TI Fat/fiber intakes and sex hormones in healthy premenopausal women in USA SO JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diet; Estrogens; Breast cancer risk; Women ID BREAST-CANCER RISK; SERUM ESTROGEN-LEVELS; DIETARY-FAT INTAKE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; OMNIVOROUS WOMEN; INTESTINAL METABOLISM; ENDOGENOUS ESTROGENS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; POOLED ANALYSIS; PREGNANT-WOMEN AB The mechanisms by which diet affects breast cancer (BC) risk are poorly understood but a positive relationship between fat and a negative association with fiber intake and BC risk have been demonstrated. Here we study the association between dietary fat/fiber ratio and estrogen metabolism. Fifty women were recruited, 22 were included in the low fat/high fiber and 22 were in the high fat/low fiber group and 6 did not meet our criteria. Estrogens (determined in plasma, urine and feces) and dietary records were collected during 3 following days. All data were collected in winter and in summer. The high fat/low fiber group had significantly higher urinary total estrogens, estriol-3-glucuronide, 2-hydroxyestradiol, 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone, and a higher 2-hydroxyestrone/4-hydroxyestrone ratio. Total fat intake correlated significantly with plasma estrone, estradiol, urinary 2-hydroxyestrone, 2-hydroxyestradiol, 2-hydroxyestrone/4-hydroxyestrone ratio, and total urinary estrogens, even after adjustment for total fiber intake. The high fat/low fiber diet was associated with high values both for catechol and 16 alpha-hydroxylated estrogens and a high 2-hydroxyestrone/4-hydroxyestrone ratio, but 2hydroxyestrone/16 alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio was not different between the groups. Our results suggest that fat affects estrogen metabolism more than does fiber and that one mechanism resulting in high estrogen values is an increased reabsorption of biliary estrogens. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Aubertin-Leheudre, Mylene; Adlercreutz, Herman] Univ Helsinki, Folkhalsan Res Ctr, Inst Prevent Med Nutr & Canc, Div Clin Chem, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Gorbach, Sherwood; Woods, Margo; Goldin, Barry] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Med Ctr, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Adlercreutz, H (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Folkhalsan Res Ctr, Inst Prevent Med Nutr & Canc, Div Clin Chem, Haartmaninkatu 8,POB 63, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM herman.adlercreutz@helsinki.fi OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU NIH [CB74104, CA-45128]; Sigrid Juselius Foundation; Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Canadian Institutes of Health Research FX This work was supported by the NIH contract CB74104 and NIH grant CA-45128, the Sigrid Juselius Foundation and the Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland. Mylene Aubertin-Leheudre is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. We wish to thanks Mrs. Anja Koskela, Mrs. Inga Wiik and Mrs. Adile Samaletdin for their excellent technical assistances and the participants. NR 79 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-0760 J9 J STEROID BIOCHEM JI J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 112 IS 1-3 BP 32 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2008.08.002 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 381LJ UT WOS:000261537200006 PM 18761407 ER PT J AU Campbell, TA DeYoung, RW Wehland, EM Grassman, LI Long, DB Delgado-Acevedo, J AF Campbell, Tyler A. DeYoung, Randy W. Wehland, Erin M. Grassman, Lon I. Long, David B. Delgado-Acevedo, Johanna TI Feral swine exposure to selected viral and bacterial pathogens in southern Texas SO JOURNAL OF SWINE HEALTH AND PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE swine; feral; Brucella; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome; pseudorabies ID PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; WILD SWINE; PREVALENCE; TRANSMISSION; POPULATION; ANTIBODIES; BRUCELLA; DISEASES AB Blood samples were obtained from feral swine in Texas to determine the seroprevalence of selected pathogens. Exposures rates were 3 5%, 1%, and 1% for pseudorabies virus, Brucella, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, respectively. Simple modifications to enclosures may provide adequate biosecurity for swine at risk within this region. C1 [Campbell, Tyler A.; Long, David B.] Texas A&M Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [DeYoung, Randy W.; Wehland, Erin M.; Grassman, Lon I.; Delgado-Acevedo, Johanna] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, 700 Univ Blvd,MSC 218, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM tyler.a.campbell@aphis.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center FX We are grateful to Garrett R. Timmons and Matthew M. Reidy for field assistance. Financial support was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center. We thank the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute at Texas A&M University-Kingsville for providing ogistical support. We thank numerous andowners for providing access for this survey, including the Texas Parks and Wild'Ife Department, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Army, Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Foundation, and Texas A&M Universiry-Kingsville. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC SWINE VETERINARIANS PI PERRY PA 902 1ST AVE, PERRY, IA 50220-1703 USA SN 1537-209X J9 J SWINE HEALTH PROD JI J. Swine. Health Prod. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 16 IS 6 BP 312 EP 315 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 365ZF UT WOS:000260448000006 ER PT J AU Guenther, PM Reedy, J Krebs-Smith, SM Reeve, BB AF Guenther, Patricia M. Reedy, Jill Krebs-Smith, Susan M. Reeve, Bryce B. TI Evaluation of the Healthy Eating Index-2005 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DIET QUALITY INDEX; NUTRIENT INTAKE; PATTERNS; NONSMOKERS; ADHERENCE; GUIDANCE; SMOKING; SMOKERS; WOMEN; RISK AB Background The Healthy Eating Index (HEI), a measure of diet quality as specified by federal dietary guidance, was revised to conform to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005. The HEI has several components, the scores of which are totaled. Objective The validity and reliability of the HEI-2005 were evaluated. Design Validity was assessed by answering four questions: Does the HEI-2005 1) give maximum scores to menus developed by experts; 2) distinguish between groups wit known differences in diet quality-smokers and nonsmokers; 3) measure diet quality independently of energy intake, a proxy for diet quantity; and 4) have more than one underlying dimension? The relevant type of reliability, internal consistency, was also assessed. Subjects Twenty-four-hour recalls from 8,650 participants, aged 2 years and older, in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2002 were analyzed to answer questions 2 to 4. Results were weighted to consider sample design and nonresponse. Statistical analyses T tests determined differences in scores between smokers and nonsmokers. Pearson correlation coefficients determined the relationship between energy intake and scores. Principal components analysis determined the number of factors that comprise the HEI-2005. Cronbach's coefficient a tested internal consistency. Results HEI-2005 scores are at or very near the maximum levels for all sets of exemplary menus with one exception; the Harvard menus scored low on the milk component because these menus intentionally include only small amounts of milk products. Nine of 12 component scores were lower for smokers than nonsmokers. The correlations of component scores were virtually independent of energy intake (< 1.221). Multiple factors underlie the HEI-2005. Coefficient a was .43. The a value for all tests was .01, Conclusions The HEI-2005 is a valid measure of diet quality. Potential uses include population monitoring, evaluation of interventions, and research. The individual component scores provide essential information in addition to that provided by the total score. C1 [Guenther, Patricia M.] Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, USDA, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. [Reedy, Jill; Krebs-Smith, Susan M.] Natl Canc Inst, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Risk Factor Monitoring & Methods Branch, Appl Res Program, Bethesda, MD USA. [Reeve, Bryce B.] Natl Canc Inst, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Outcomes Res Branch, Appl Res Program, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Guenther, PM (reprint author), Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, USDA, 3101 Pk Ctr Dr,Suite 1034, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. EM Patricia.Guenther@cnpp.usda.gov NR 32 TC 121 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 108 IS 11 BP 1854 EP 1864 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2008.08.011 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 368LK UT WOS:000260622400011 PM 18954575 ER PT J AU Martin, CL Murphy, SP Novotny, R AF Martin, Carrie L. Murphy, Suzanne P. Novotny, Rachel TI Contribution of Dietary Supplements to Nutrient Adequacy among Children in Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MULTIETHNIC COHORT; VITAMIN; ADOLESCENTS; OBESE; FOOD AB Objectives To quantify the use of dietary supplements over a 24-hour and 1-month time frame, to determine the contribution of dietary supplements to the prevalence of dietary nutrient adequacy in the population, and to identify factors associated with supplement use, including characteristics of caregivers. Design Cross-sectional study. Subjects/setting Children aged 8 to 11 years from four primarily Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander communities on Oahu (n=115) and the island of Hawaii (n=70). Methods A 24-hour food recall and a dietary supplement record were collected and analyzed for each child. Demographic and supplement use data were collected for each caregiver. Statistical analyses Significant differences between supplement users and nonusers were determined by chi(2) analysis. Prevalence of dietary nutrient adequacy with and without intake from dietary supplements was calculated using PC-Side software (version 1.02, 2001, Department of Statistics and Center for Agricultural and Rural Development, Iowa State University, Ames). Results Use of any dietary supplement by children in the previous day and month was 26% (n=48) and 40% (n=74), respectively. Prevalence of dietary nutrient adequacy from foods alone ranged from 33% to 100%, and increased to 59% to 100% when the nutrient contribution from dietary supplements was included. The largest increases in nutrient adequacy were for vitamins A, E, and C. Use of dietary supplements was most strongly associated with use of dietary supplements by caregivers, as well as with younger age of child, and greater years of caregiver education. Conclusions Dietary supplements are being used by a large percentage of these children in Hawaii and use is associated with use by their caregivers. The nutrient contribution from dietary supplements increased the prevalence of nutrient adequacy for several nutrients. C1 [Martin, Carrie L.] USDA Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Martin, Carrie L.; Murphy, Suzanne P.] Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Novotny, Rachel] Univ Hawaii, Kaiser Permanente Ctr Hlth & Res Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Novotny, Rachel] Univ Hawaii, Dept Human Nutr Food & Anim Sci, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Martin, CL (reprint author), USDA Food Surveys Res Grp, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 005,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Carrie.Martin@ars.usda.gov FU USDA [2004-35215-14252] FX Funding for this study was provided by USDA award no. 2004-35215-14252.; The authors thank Christian Caberto for his statistical expertise with PC-Side and advice regarding other statistical analvses. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 108 IS 11 BP 1874 EP 1880 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2008.08.013 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 368LK UT WOS:000260622400013 PM 18954577 ER PT J AU Guenther, PM Reedy, J Krebs-Smith, SM AF Guenther, Patricia M. Reedy, Jill Krebs-Smith, Susan M. TI Development of the Healthy Eating Index-2005 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a measure of diet quality as specified by Federal dietary guidance, and publication of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005 necessitated its revision. An interagency working group based the HEI-2005 on the food patterns found in My-Pyramid. Diets that meet the least restrictive of the food-group recommendations, expressed on a per 1,000 calorie basis, receive maximum scores for the nine adequacy components of the index: total fruit (5 points), whole fruit (5 points), total vegetables (5 points), dark green and orange vegetables and legumes (5 points), total grains (5 points), whole grains (5 points), milk (10 points), meat and beans (10 points), and oils (10 points). Lesser amounts are prorated linearly. Population probability densities were examined when setting the standards for minimum and maximum scores for the three moderation components: saturated fat (10 points), sodium (10 points), and calories from solid fats, alcoholic beverages (ie, beer, wine, and distilled spirits), and added sugars (20 points). Calories from solid fats, alcoholic beverages, and added sugars is a proxy for the discretionary calorie allowance. The 2005 Dietary Guideline for saturated fat and the Adequate Intake and Tolerable Upper Intake Level for sodium, expressed per 1,000 calories, were used when setting the standards for those components. Intakes between the maximum and minimum standards are prorated. The HEI-2005 is a measure of diet quality as described by the key diet-related recommendations of the 2005 Dietary Guidelines. It has a variety of potential uses, including monitoring the diet quality of the US population and subpopulations, evaluation of interventions, and research. C1 [Guenther, Patricia M.] Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, USDA, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. [Reedy, Jill; Krebs-Smith, Susan M.] Natl Canc Inst, Risk Factor Monitoring & Methods Branch, Appl Res Program, Div Canc Control, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Guenther, PM (reprint author), Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, USDA, 3101 Pk Ctr Dr,Suite 1034, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. EM Patricia.Guenther@cnpp.usda.gov NR 20 TC 257 Z9 265 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 108 IS 11 BP 1896 EP 1901 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2008.08.016 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 368LK UT WOS:000260622400016 PM 18954580 ER PT J AU Ding, KY Taylor, MM Brown, EM AF Ding, Keyi Taylor, Maryann M. Brown, Eleanor M. TI TANNING EFFECTS OF ALUMINUM -GENIPIN OR -VEGETABLE TANNIN COMBINATIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CROSS-LINKING; PLANT POLYPHENOLS; UPPER LEATHER; PILOT-SCALE; HIDE POWDER; PART-II; STABILITY; STANDARDIZATION; COLLAGEN; GELATIN AB Genipin, a naturally occurring protein crosslinking agent, isolated from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, is beginning to replace glutaraldehyde as a fixative for biological tissues. Earlier research in this laboratory demonstrated that when hide powder was first tanned with 8% aluminum and retanned with (2% to 10%) genipin the thermal stability increased linearly with increasing concentrations of genipin, suggesting the possibility that a practical combination tannage based on genipin could be designed. When pieces of bated hide were pretanned with 6% aluminum, then split and tanned with 6% genipin based on the weight of the split wet-white pelt, the hydrothermal stability was about 89 degrees C as determined from the onset of the melting curve in a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiment, or T-s = 92 degrees C by a traditional shrinkage temperature measurement. Values for the physical-mechanical properties were similar to those measured for aluminum-glutaraldehyde and mimosa-aluminum leathers prepared, as controls, under equivalent conditions. By subjective evaluation, the appearance of aluminum-genipin tanned leather was rated 4 on a scale of 1 (poor) to 5 (very good), and the leather was more stable to washing than were control leathers. These results suggest the potential for development of practical genipin-based tannages. C1 [Ding, Keyi; Taylor, Maryann M.; Brown, Eleanor M.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Ding, Keyi] SW Univ Nationalities, Coll Chem & Environm Protect Engn, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. RP Brown, EM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM eleanor.brown@ars.usda.gov FU China Scholarship Council (CSC) FX The authors wish to thank Lorelie Bumanlag, Gary DiMaio, Dr. Robert Dudley, Nicholas Latona, Renee Latona, Dr. Cheng-Kung Liu and Joe Lee for technical contributions and helpful discussions. As a visiting scientist at ERRC, ARS, USDA, K. Ding wishes to thank the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for financial support. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOC PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 103 IS 11 BP 377 EP 382 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 374YD UT WOS:000261078700003 ER PT J AU Wadl, PA Wang, XW Trigiano, AN Skinner, JA Windham, MT Trigiano, RN Rinehart, TA Reed, SM Pantalone, VR AF Wadl, Phillip A. Wang, Xinwang Trigiano, Andrew N. Skinner, John A. Windham, Mark T. Trigiano, Robert N. Rinehart, Timothy A. Reed, Sandra M. Pantalone, Vincent R. TI Molecular Identification Keys for Cultivars and Lines of Cornus florida and C-kousa Based on Simple Sequence Repeat Loci SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SSR; allele sharing distance; principal coordinate analysis; flowering dogwood ID FLOWERING DOGWOOD; DNA; CORNACEAE; MICROSATELLITES; CHRYSANTHEMUM; DIVERSITY; PLANTS; L. AB Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) and kousa dogwood (C kousa) are popular ornamental species commonly used in the horticultural industry. Both trees are valued for their beautiful floral display and four-season appeal. Species-specific simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were used to genotype and assess genetic diversity of 24 flowering dogwood cultivars and breeding lines and 22 kousa dogwood cultiwar. Genetic diversity was determined by allele sharing distances and principal coordinate analysis and was high in both species. Molecular identification keys were developed for cultivars and breeding lines of each species using a few polymorphic SSRs loci (four in C. florida and five in C kousa).,Most (18 of 24) of the flowering dogwood and all (22 of 22) kousa dogwood accessions could be distinguished front each other using these SSRs; those that could not were resolved using DNA amplification fingerprinting. The reliability of both keys was assessed using five anonymous cultivars for each dogwood species,,which were correctly identified using the molecular keys. The genetic information presented here will be useful for identification and verification of cultivars for nurseries and as molecular markers for breeders and researchers. C1 [Wadl, Phillip A.; Wang, Xinwang; Trigiano, Andrew N.; Skinner, John A.; Windham, Mark T.; Trigiano, Robert N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Rinehart, Timothy A.] USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Reed, Sandra M.] Tennessee State Univ, Nursery Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit,US Natl Arboretu, Mcminnville, TN 37110 USA. [Pantalone, Vincent R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Trigiano, RN (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 205 Ellington Hall,2431 Joe Johnson Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM rtrigian@utk.edu FU USDA [58-6404-2-0057]; J. Frank Schmidt Family Charitable Foundation FX This work was supported by USDA Agreement No. 58-6404-2-0057 and the J. Frank Schmidt Family Charitable Foundation. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 133 IS 6 BP 783 EP 793 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 379ZW UT WOS:000261436300008 ER PT J AU McCallum, J Thomson, S Pither-Joyce, M Kenel, F Clarke, A Havey, MJ AF McCallum, John Thomson, Susan Pither-Joyce, Meeghan Kenel, Fernand Clarke, Andrew Havey, Michael J. TI Genetic Diversity Analysis and Single-nucleotide Polymorphism Marker Development in Cultivated Bulb Onion Based on Expressed Sequence Tag-Simple Sequence Repeat Markers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE simple sequence repeat; heterozygosity; EST ID ALLIUM-CEPA L.; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATIONS; INTERSPECIFIC CROSS; MALE-STERILITY; DNA; POPULATIONS; FISTULOSUM; REVEALS; MICROSATELLITES; IDENTIFICATION AB Bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) is a globally significant crop, but the structure of genetic variation within and among populations is poorly understood. We broadly surveyed genetic variation in a cultivated onion germplasm using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and sequenced regions flanking expressed sequence tag (EST)-SSRs to develop single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Samples from 89 inbred and open-pollinated (OP) bulb onion populations of wide geographical adaptation and four related Allium L. accessions were genotyped with 56 EST-SSR and four genomic SSR markers. Multivariate analysis of genetic distances among populations resolved long-day, short-day, and Indian populations. EST-SSR markers frequently revealed two major alleles at high frequency in OP populations. The median proportion of single-locus polymorphic loci was 0.70 in OP and landrace populations compared with 0.43 in inbred lines. Resequencing of 24 marker amplicons revealed additional SNPs in 17 (68%) and five SNP assays were developed from these, suggesting that resequencing of EST markers can readily provide SNP markers for purity testing of inbreds and other applications in Allium genetics. C1 [McCallum, John; Thomson, Susan; Pither-Joyce, Meeghan; Kenel, Fernand] New Zealand Inst Crop & Food Res Ltd, Plant & Food Biotechnol, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Clarke, Andrew] Massey Univ, Allan Wilson Ctr, Inst Mol BioSci, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Havey, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP McCallum, J (reprint author), New Zealand Inst Crop & Food Res Ltd, Plant & Food Biotechnol, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. EM mccallumj@crop.cri.nz RI Clarke, Andrew/A-7635-2008 OI Clarke, Andrew/0000-0003-2293-1423 FU New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology [C02X0203] FX This research was funded by the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology contract C02X0203. NR 47 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 133 IS 6 BP 810 EP 818 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 379ZW UT WOS:000261436300011 ER PT J AU Jouquand, C Chandler, C Plotto, A Goodner, K AF Jouquand, Celine Chandler, Craig Plotto, Anne Goodner, Kevin TI A Sensory and Chemical Analysis of Fresh Strawberries Over Harvest Dates and Seasons Reveals Factors That Affect Eating Quality SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cultivars; taste panels; volatiles; flavor; soluble solids; titratable acidity ID FLAVOR COMPOUNDS; AROMA; ATTRIBUTES; CULTIVAR; ACIDS; LIFE; WILD AB The aim of this study was to understand the flavor components of eating quality of several strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) genotypes grown in Florida over two harvest seasons. Five selections and one cultivar of the University of Florida Breeding program as well as two new cultivars from Australia ('Rubygem' and 'Sugarbaby') harvested on different dates from the same grower were evaluated by sensory evaluation. 'Festival', the main strawberry cultivar grown in Florida, had low ratings for flavor and sweetness in January and March. Selection FL 00-51 and 'Rubygem' had relatively high and consistent ratings for flavor and sweetness compared with the other selections. Genotypes with low flavor ratings were always judged as "not sweet enough" by the panelists, thus linking flavor to sweetness preference. Instrumental analysis confirmed that typically these selections had low soluble solids content (SSC) and/or high titratable acidity (TA), thus explaining their lack of sweetness. Volatile compounds that varied only quantitatively did not seem to influence the flavor rating except for 'Sugarbaby'. This cultivar contained between seven and 40 times less total ester content than the other selections and was disliked by panelists despite its high sugar content and perceived sweetness. It was perceived as having an artificial peach- or blueberry-like flavor. A principal component analysis was performed with chemical parameters (SSC, TA, and volatile content) and selections over the two harvest seasons. Chemical composition was mainly influenced by harvest date, except for FL 00-51. This selection maintained high volatile content and SSC throughout the seasons, explaining consistently high flavor ratings. C1 [Plotto, Anne] USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Jouquand, Celine; Chandler, Craig] Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. [Goodner, Kevin] Sensus LLC, Hamilton, OH 45011 USA. RP Plotto, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM anne.plotto@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 133 IS 6 BP 859 EP 867 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 379ZW UT WOS:000261436300017 ER PT J AU Hatfield, RD Marita, JM Frost, K AF Hatfield, Ronald D. Marita, Jane M. Frost, Kenneth TI Characterization of p-coumarate accumulation, p-coumaroyl transferase, and cell wall changes during the development of corn stems SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cell wall; p-coumarates; p-coumaroyl transferase; lignin; corn; acylation ID PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS; LIGNIN; POLYSACCHARIDES; COLEOPTILES; INTERNODE; MATURITY; GRASSES; PLANTS AB BACKGROUND: Developmental changes occur in corn (Zea mays L.) stems from cell initiation to fully mature cell types. During cell wall maturation the lignin is acylated with p-coumarates (pCA). This work describes characterization studies of the P-cournaroylation process in relation to corn stem development. RESULTS: Corn plants from three locations were harvested and tissues were analyzed from all nodes and even-numbered internodes above soil line. Changes in carbohydrates reflect a shift to lignification at the expense of structural polysaccharide synthesis. Accumulation of pCA paralleled the incorporation of lignin while ferulate (FA) remained relatively constant as a proportion of the cell wall (5-7 g kg(-1) CW). The p-coumaroyl transferase (pCAT), which is responsible for attaching pCA to lignin monomers, displayed maximum levels of activity in the middle region of the stem (internodes 10-12, 2-3 nmol L-1 min(-1) mg(-1)). The syringyl content as a proportion of the total lignin did not change significantly with cell wall maturation although there was a trend towards increased amounts of syringyl units in the more mature cell walls. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporation of pCA into corn cell walls not only mirrored lignfication but the pCAT activity as well. Levels of pCAT activity may be an indicator of rapid lignification specifically for syringyl type lignin. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Hatfield, Ronald D.; Marita, Jane M.; Frost, Kenneth] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hatfield, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ronald.hatfield@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NRI [2004-35318-15020] FX The authors thank Hoon Kim and Fachuang Lu for synthesis of monolignols and the SA-pCA used in these experiments Jim Coors, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI and Bruce Nagel, Mycogen Seeds Arlington WI for help with field plots. This work was supported in part by USDA-NRI (2004-35318-15020). Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of product by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 88 IS 14 BP 2529 EP 2537 DI 10.1002/jsfa.3376 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 368TN UT WOS:000260645500018 ER PT J AU Martinez, LR Harris, B Black, WC Meyer, RM Brennan, PJ Vissa, VD Jones, RL AF Martinez, Lorene R. Harris, Beth Black, William C. Meyer, Robert M. Brennan, Patrick J. Vissa, Varalakshmi D. Jones, Robert L. TI Genotyping North American animal Mycobacterium bovis isolates using multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Genotyping; multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis; Mycobacterium bovis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; spoligotyping ID TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX STRAINS; DISCRIMINATORY POWER; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POLYMORPHISM; DIFFERENTIATION; SEQUENCES; DIVERSITY; IRELAND AB Multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) has recently emerged as a genotyping method that is both robust and highly discriminatory for the differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains, including Mycobacterium bovis. However, MLVA assessment of M. bovis isolates recovered from animals in North America has been limited. Using an epidemiologically diverse set of 41 North American M. bovis animal isolates, MLVA, based on 27 published variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci, was evaluated. Nineteen loci displayed polymorphism, which resulted in differentiation of 21 unique MLVA genotypes. A Subset of 6 loci differentiated the isolates into 14 genetically related groups that displayed remarkable concordance with the epidemiological data gathered via traditional trace-back methods. In most cases, MLVA exhibited greater resolution than spoligotyping, which differentiated the isolates into I I groups. MLVA genotyping of M. bovis shows great potential as a molecular typing tool for characterizing the epidemiology of M. bovis animal infections in North America. However, the greatest resolution was achieved by using a combination of both MLVA and spoligotyping. C1 [Martinez, Lorene R.; Black, William C.; Brennan, Patrick J.; Vissa, Varalakshmi D.; Jones, Robert L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Harris, Beth] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Mycobacteria & Brucella Stn, Ames, IA USA. [Meyer, Robert M.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Jones, RL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, 1682 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Robert.Jones@colostate.edu NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 20 IS 6 BP 707 EP 715 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 389ZY UT WOS:000262135300001 PM 18987219 ER PT J AU Nelson, DD Dark, MJ Bradway, DS Ridpath, JF Call, N Haruna, J Rurangirwa, FR Evermann, JF AF Nelson, Danielle D. Dark, Michael J. Bradway, Daniel S. Ridpath, Julia F. Call, Neill Haruna, Julius Rurangirwa, Fred R. Evermann, James F. TI Evidence for persistent Bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in a captive mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus) SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Bovine viral diarrhea virus; mountain goats; persistent infection; pestivirus ID MOUSEDEER TRAGULUS-JAVANICUS; BORDER DISEASE VIRUS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; ANTIGENIC CHARACTERIZATION; MUCOSAL DISEASE; BVDV2 STRAIN; PCR ASSAY; PESTIVIRUSES; CALVES; CATTLE AB Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) viruses are pestiviruses that have been isolated from domestic and wild ruminants. There is serologic evidence of pestiviral infection in more than 40 species of free-range and captive mammals. Vertical transmission can produce persistently infected animals that are immunotolerant to the infecting strain of Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and shed virus throughout their lives. Seven species (white-tailed deer, mouse deer, eland, domestic cattle, alpaca, sheep, and pigs) have been definitively identified as persistently infected with BVDV. This study provides serological, molecular, immunohistochemical, and histological evidence for BVDV infection in 2 captive Mountain goats from a zoological park in Idaho. The study was triggered by isolation of BVDV from tissues and immunohistochemical identification or viral antigen within lesions of a 7-month-old male mountain goat (goat 1). Blood was collected from other mountain goats and white-tailed and mule deer on the premises for BVDV serum neutralization, viral isolation, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. One 3-month-old mountain goat (goat 2) was antibody negative and BVDV positive in serum samples collected 3 months apart. This goat subsequently died, and though still antibody negative, BVDV was isolated from tissues and identified by immunohistochemistry within lesions. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis identified the isolates as BVDV-2. These findings provide evidence of persistent infection in a mountain goat, underscoring the need for pestivirus control strategies for wild ruminants in zoological collections. C1 [Nelson, Danielle D.; Dark, Michael J.; Bradway, Daniel S.; Haruna, Julius; Rurangirwa, Fred R.; Evermann, James F.] Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99165 USA. [Nelson, Danielle D.; Dark, Michael J.; Rurangirwa, Fred R.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Evermann, James F.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Ridpath, Julia F.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Call, Neill] Upper Valley Vet Clin, Rexburg, ID USA. RP Nelson, DD (reprint author), Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, POB 2037, Pullman, WA 99165 USA. EM danielled@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 49 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 20 IS 6 BP 752 EP 759 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 389ZY UT WOS:000262135300006 PM 18987224 ER PT J AU Thompson, FR La Sorte, FA AF Thompson, Frank R., III La Sorte, Frank A. TI Comparison of Methods for Estimating Bird Abundance and Trends From Historical Count Data SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Conference of the Wildlife-Society CY SEP 23-27, 2006 CL Anchorage, AK SP Wildlife Soc DE abundance; detection probability; distance models; point counts; Poisson models; removal models; songbirds; Southeastern United States ID OBSERVER DIFFERENCES; POPULATION-CHANGE; RATES; MODEL AB The use of bird counts as indices has come under increasing scrutiny because assumptions concerning detection probabilities may not be met, but there also seems to be some resistance to use of model-based approaches to estimating abundance. We used data from the United States Forest Service, Southern Region bird monitoring program to compare several common approaches for estimating annual abundance or indices and population trends from point-count data. We compared indices of abundance estimated as annual means of counts and from a mixed-Poisson model to abundance estimates from a count-removal model with 3 time intervals and a distance model with 3 distance bands. We compared trend estimates calculated from an autoregressive, exponential model fit to annual abundance estimates from the above methods and also by estimating trend directly by treating year as a continuous covariate in the mixed-Poisson model. We produced estimates for 6 forest songbirds based on an average of 621 and 459 points in 2 physiographic areas from 1997 to 2004. There was strong evidence that detection probabilities varied among species and years. Nevertheless, there was good overall agreement across trend estimates from the 5 methods for 9 of 12 comparisons. In 3 of 12 comparisons, however, patterns in detection probabilities potentially confounded interpretation of uncorrected counts. Estimates of detection probabilities differed greatly between removal and distance models, likely because the methods estimated different components of detection probability and the data collection was not optimally designed for either method. Given that detection probabilities often vary among species, years, and observers investigators should address detection probability in their surveys, whether it be by estimation of probability of detection and abundance, estimation of effects of key covariates when modeling count as an index of abundance, or through design-based methods to standardize these effects. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 72(8): 1674-1682; 2008) C1 [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [La Sorte, Frank A.] Univ Missouri Columbia, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Thompson, FR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 202 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM frthompson@fs.fed.us RI La Sorte, Frank/A-2849-2009; Kreft, Holger/A-4736-2008 OI Kreft, Holger/0000-0003-4471-8236 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1674 EP 1682 DI 10.2193/2008-135 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 368NH UT WOS:000260627500004 ER PT J AU Arjo, WM Fisher, CE Armstrong, J Boyd, F Slate, D AF Arjo, Wendy M. Fisher, Christine E. Armstrong, James Boyd, Frank Slate, Dennis TI Effects of Natural Barriers and Habitat on the Western Spread of Raccoon Rabies in Alabama SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alabama; bait; bottomland hardwood; managed pine habitat; overlap; Procyon lotor; rabies; raccoon ID CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI; SPATIAL DYNAMICS; PROCYON-LOTOR; UNITED-STATES; ADULT RACCOONS; HOME RANGES; POPULATION; MOVEMENTS; SURVIVAL AB Although domestic animal transmission of rabies has largely been mitigated, the disease remains a concern in both Europe and North America where wildlife transmission has caused epizootics. Raccoon (Procyon lotor) rabies was established in Alabama, USA, in 1975, primarily in the southeastern corner of the state. However, with the exception of isolated events, rabies has not continued to spread westward across the Alabama River. We monitored movements of 100 radiocollared raccoons on 2 sites within hardwood and agriculture habitats in a rabies enzootic area east of the Alabama River, in managed pine habitat area west of the river where rabies sporadically occurs, and in a mixed pine hardwood area outside of the known rabies enzootic area to determine if raccoon movements and habitat use in certain habitat types and the presence of a river may serve as natural barriers preventing the western spread of rabies in Alabama. We also examined raccoon contact rates to determine if they influence disease transmission through static and dynamic interactions. Raccoons in mixed pine-hardwood forest habitats had smaller home ranges and less overlap of ranges compared to the other 3 habitats. However, static interactions between habitats in the use of overlap areas did not differ (F-11,F-129 = 1.63, P = 0.09). Rabies antibody titers were highest in the managed pine habitat (28%) even prior to oral vaccine bait distributions in spring of 2004 and 2005. Biomarker data from radiocollared and additional raccoons captured after the bait distribution west of the Alabama River demonstrated a low efficacy of the vaccine reaching the small southern raccoons. The combination of the river as a partial barrier, the high percentage of pine forested habitat west of the river, and limited spatial movements of raccoons within these forested habitats appears to have reduced the likelihood of rabies establishing west of the river. Understanding different host-habitat disease systems is important for successful management of diseases. Based on our results, we recommend that the oral vaccine program continue to use the Alabama River as a partial barrier and baiting be concentrated in the fragmented bottomland hardwood forests and around larger bodies of water where raccoon densities are highest. Success of baiting strategies designed to take advantage of northern raccoon dynamics and habitat use may not be applicable to southern populations. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 72(8): 1725-1735; 2008) C1 [Arjo, Wendy M.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Olympia Field Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Boyd, Frank] Auburn Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Slate, Dennis] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Rabies Program, Concord, NH 03301 USA. RP Arjo, WM (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Olympia Field Stn, 9730-B Lathrop Ind Dr SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM wendy.m.arjo@aphis.usda.gov FU USDA National Rabies Program and Alabama Wildlife Services FX We thank A. Lovell, D. Nolte, T. DeLiberto, R. Chipman, R. McLean, and M. Dunbar for their contributions to the project. We appreciate field assistance by D. Johnson, F. Steen, J. Harper, S. Rizor, P. Hall, L. Monseglio. The Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Wildlife and Fresh Water Fisheries Division, including Chief G. Moody, C. Jaworowski, and B. Abbot, provided field support and land access as did K. Meadows and G. Hardin, property owners. We appreciate comments on an earlier version of the manuscript by J. Taylor, R. McLean, D. Stalman, and 2 anonymous reviewers. This project was supported by USDA National Rabies Program and Alabama Wildlife Services. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1725 EP 1735 DI 10.2193/2007-450 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 368NH UT WOS:000260627500009 ER PT J AU Lehman, CP Rumble, MA Flake, LD Thompson, DJ AF Lehman, Chad P. Rumble, Mark A. Flake, Lester D. Thompson, Daniel J. TI Merriam's Turkey Nest Survival and Factors Affecting Nest Predation by Mammals SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Merriam's turkey; nest survival; precipitation; predation; proportional hazard modeling; ponderosa pine ID PONDEROSA PINE FOREST; FEMALE WILD TURKEYS; SITE SELECTION; SOUTH-DAKOTA; VISUAL OBSTRUCTION; SUCCESS; REPRODUCTION; HYPOTHESIS; HENS AB Nest success is an important parameter affecting population fluctuations of wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). Factors influencing mammalian predation on turkey nests are complicated and not well understood. Therefore, we assessed nest hazard risk by testing competing hypotheses of Merriam's turkey (M.g. merriami) nest survival in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) ecosystem during 2001-2003. We collected nesting information on 83 female Merriam's turkeys; annual nest success averaged 50% for adult females (range 45-59%) and 83% for yearling females (range 75-100%). Proportional hazard modeling indicated that precipitation increased the hazard of nest mortality. However, estimated hazard of nest predation was lowered when incubating females had greater shrub cover and visual obstruction around nests. Coyotes (Canis latrans) were the primary predator on turkey nests. We hypothesize that precipitation is the best predictor of nest survival for first nests because coyotes use olfaction effectively to find nesting females during wet periods. Temporally, as the nesting season progressed, precipitation declined and vegetation cover increased and coyotes may have more difficulty detecting nests under these conditions later in the nesting period. The interaction of concealment cover with precipitation indicated that nest hazard risk from daily precipitation was reduced with greater shrub cover. Management activities that promote greater shrub cover may partially offset the negative effects of greater precipitation events. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 72(8): 1765-1774; 2008) C1 [Lehman, Chad P.; Flake, Lester D.; Thompson, Daniel J.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Flake, Lester D.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Lehman, CP (reprint author), Custer State Pk,13329 US Highway 16A, Custer, SD 57730 USA. EM Chad.Lehman@state.sd.us NR 61 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1765 EP 1774 DI 10.2193/2007-519 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 368NH UT WOS:000260627500013 ER PT J AU Baruch-Mordo, S Breck, SW Wilson, KR Theobald, DM AF Baruch-Mordo, Sharon Breck, Stewart W. Wilson, Kenneth R. Theobald, David M. TI Spatiotemporal Distribution of Black Bear-Human Conflicts in Colorado, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American black bear; bear-human conflicts; clustering; Colorado; Getis-Ord statistic; spatiotemporal analysis; Ursus americanus; wildlife damage management ID LOCAL SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; NORTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES; WILDLIFE; LANDSCAPE; ASSOCIATION; STATISTICS; ECOLOGY; LOSSES; ROADS AB Management and conservation of large carnivores increasingly includes conflicts with humans. Consequently, a greater understanding of spatiotemporal trends of conflicts is needed to efficiently allocate resources and apply targeted management. Therefore, we examined spatial and temporal distribution of American black bear (Ursus americanus; hereafter, bear)-human conflicts in Colorado, USA, related to 3 conflict types (agriculture operations, human development, and road kills). We used the Getis-Ord G(i)* spatial clustering statistic to describe location and assess magnitude of bear-human conflicts in Colorado during 1986-2003 and investigated temporal trends of bear human conflicts by type. Bear-human conflicts showed distinct spatial clustering by type, and areas of high clustering overlapped conflict types. Clustering for agriculture operations conflicts had the largest overall G(i)* value and overlapped counties with high sheep production. Both human development and road-kill conflict clusters were high in areas of high-quality oak (Quercus spp.)-shrub habitat in the central and southern portions of Colorado's Front Range region and near the city of Durango in southwestern Colorado. Bear-human conflicts varied by year and type but overall increased during the 18 years. Summed across years, most conflicts were related to agriculture (32%), followed by road kills (27%) and human development (24%). The greatest proportion of agriculture operations-related conflicts (76%), human development related conflicts (36%), and road kills (47%) occurred in 1988, 1999, and 2003, respectively. Considering that bear-human conflicts in Colorado increased over time and will likely continue to increase, we suggest wildlife managers improve data collection by obtaining detailed location data, categorizing conflict types uniformly, and applying conflict regulations consistently to strengthen inference of similar analyses. We also suggest that managers target efforts to mitigate damage by focusing on areas with high clustering of conflicts. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 72(8): 1853-1862; 2008) C1 [Baruch-Mordo, Sharon; Wilson, Kenneth R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Breck, Stewart W.] USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Theobald, David M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Human Dimens Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Theobald, David M.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Baruch-Mordo, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sharonbm@warnercnr.colostate.edu NR 57 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 13 U2 66 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1853 EP 1862 DI 10.2193/2007-442 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 368NH UT WOS:000260627500025 ER PT J AU Werner, SJ Cummings, JL Pipas, PA Tupper, SK Byrd, RW AF Werner, Scott J. Cummings, John L. Pipas, Patricia A. Tupper, Shelagh K. Byrd, Robert W. TI Registered Pesticides and Citrus Terpenes as Blackbird Repellents for Rice SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Agelaius phoeniceus; chemical repellent; foraging behavior; human-wildlife conflicts; nonlethal deterrent; red-winged blackbird; wildlife damage management ID BIRD DAMAGE; SUNFLOWER; CAFFEINE; ACID; NEEM AB Nonlethal management alternatives are needed to minimize bird depredation of agricultural crops. We conducted 8 caged feeding tests and 2 field studies to evaluate 2 registered fungicides (GWN-4770, Gowan Company, Yuma, AZ; Quadris (R), Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC), a neem oil insecticide (Aza-Direct (R), Gowan Company), and a novel terpene formulation (Gander Gone, Natural Earth Products, Winter Springs, FL) as avian repellents. For all candidate repellents, red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) discriminated between untreated and treated rice during preference-testing in captivity. We observed a positive concentration-response relationship among birds offered rice treated with 2,500 ppm, 5,000 ppm, 7,500 ppm, 11,000 ppm, or 22,000 ppm GWN-4770. Relative to pretreatment, blackbirds consumed 34% and 77% less rice treated with 11,000 ppm and 22,000 ppm GWN-4770, respectively, during the concentration response test. Maximum repellency among other tested compounds was,40% during the concentration-response test. Blackbirds consumed 28% of rice seeds treated with 20,000 ppm GWN-4770 and 68% of untreated seeds broadcast within rice fields in southwestern Louisiana, USA. We observed 50% fewer unprotected seedlings than those treated with 10,000 ppm GWN-4770 within a drill-seeded rice field in southeastern Missouri, USA. The manufacturer subsequently applied for a United States patent for the active ingredient of GWN-4770 as an avian repellent. Although additional registration criteria and formulation optimization must be satisfied to enable the commercial availability of GWN-4770 as an avian repellent, additional efficacy studies of GWN-4770 and other promising repellents under extended field conditions are warranted for protection of newly planted and ripening rice. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 72(8): 1863-1868; 2008) C1 [Werner, Scott J.; Cummings, John L.; Pipas, Patricia A.; Tupper, Shelagh K.] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Byrd, Robert W.] Univ Missouri, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv,Delta Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. RP Werner, SJ (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Scott.J.Werner@aphis.usda.gov OI Tupper, Shelagh/0000-0002-9936-487X FU Louisiana Rice Research Board; Louisiana State University Rice Research Station, Southeast Missouri State University; Rice Foundation; U.S.A. Rice Federation FX This research was supported by the Louisiana Rice Research Board, the Louisiana State University Rice Research Station, Southeast Missouri State University, the Rice Foundation, and the U.S.A. Rice Federation. We conducted these studies in collaboration with Gowan Company (Yuma, AZ), Natural Earth Products (Winter Springs, FL), and Syngenta Crop Protection (Greensboro, NC). Corporate collaborations do not imply endorsement by the USDA. We are grateful for the technical assistance provided by J.C. Carlson, J.E. Davis, S. E. Gaddis, J.P. Gionfriddo, K. H. Halley, B. A. Page, and K. L. Tope throughout feeding tests. The NWRC animal care staff provided daily care throughout our feeding tests. We also appreciate the support and assistance provided by D.J. LeBlanc and E. A. Wilson (USDA/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service [APHIS]/Wildlife Services LA), E. Hartin and R. A. Heinen (USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services-MO), and the rice producers who provided study sites throughout our field evaluations. We thank M. L. Avery, B. F. Blackwell, Z.J. Byram, and M. E. Tobin for constructive feedback from their review of this manuscript. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 72 IS 8 BP 1863 EP 1868 DI 10.2193/2007-575 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 368NH UT WOS:000260627500026 ER PT J AU Hand, MS Thacher, JA McCollum, DW Berrens, RP AF Hand, Michael S. Thacher, Jennifer A. McCollum, Daniel W. Berrens, Robert P. TI Intra-Regional Amenities, Wages, and Home Prices: The Role of Forests in the Southwest SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID PROPERTY-VALUES; OPEN-SPACE; LAND-USE; QUALITY; IMPACT; CURVE; RENTS; LIFE AB Forests provide non-market goods and services that people are implicitly willing to pay for through hedonic housing and labor markets. But it is unclear if compensating differentials arise in these markets at the regional level, This empirical question is addressed in a study of Arizona and New Mexico. Hedonic regressions of housing prices and wages using census and geographic data show that forest area carries an implicit price of between $27 and $36 per square mile annually. Compensating differentials at the regional level suggest that care must be taken when applying the travel cost method to value regionally delineated characteristics. C1 [Hand, Michael S.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Econ, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hand, MS (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RI Thacher, Jennifer /F-5035-2012 NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 84 IS 4 BP 635 EP 651 PG 17 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 357WR UT WOS:000259878400006 ER PT J AU Ostapowicz, K Vogt, P Riitters, KH Kozak, J Estreguil, C AF Ostapowicz, Katarzyna Vogt, Peter Riitters, Kurt H. Kozak, Jacek Estreguil, Christine TI Impact of scale on morphological spatial pattern of forest SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pattern analysis; Mathematical morphology; Scale ID LANDSCAPE METRICS; CHANGING SCALE; FRAGMENTATION; CONNECTIVITY; RESOLUTION; ECOLOGY AB Assessing and monitoring landscape pattern structure from multi-scale land-cover maps can utilize morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), only if various influences of scale are known and taken into account. This paper lays part of the foundation for applying MSPA analysis in landscape monitoring by quantifying scale effects on six classes of spatial patterns called: core, edge, perforation, branch, connector and islet. Four forest maps were selected with different forest composition and configuration. The sensitivity of MSPA to scale was studied by comparing frequencies of pattern classes in total forest area for various combinations of pixel size (P) and size parameter (S). It was found that the quantification of forest pattern with MSPA is sensitive to scale. Differences in initial composition and configuration influence the amount but not the general tendencies of the variations of morphological spatial pattern (MSP) class proportions with scale. Increase of P led to data generalization resulting in either a removal of the small size features or their potential transformation into other non-core MSP classes, while an increase of S decreases the MSP core area and this process may transform small core areas into the MSP class islet. We established that the behavior of the MSPA classes with changing scale can be categorized as consistent and robust scaling relations in the forms of linear, power, or logarithmic functions over a range of scales. C1 [Ostapowicz, Katarzyna; Kozak, Jacek] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Geog & Spatial Management, PL-30387 Krakow, Poland. [Ostapowicz, Katarzyna; Vogt, Peter; Estreguil, Christine] Commiss European Communities, DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Riitters, Kurt H.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Ostapowicz, K (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Geog & Spatial Management, Gronostajowa 7, PL-30387 Krakow, Poland. EM kostapowicz@gis.geo.uj.edu.pl RI Kozak, Jacek/D-5570-2013 FU European Commission [. 22832-2005-06 S0SC ISP]; Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability; United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service FX We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their important comments and suggestions. The research described in this article was performed as a part of the Collaboration Agreement (No. 22832-2005-06 S0SC ISP) between the European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability and the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. NR 24 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1107 EP 1117 DI 10.1007/s10980-008-9271-2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 363QZ UT WOS:000260283100009 ER PT J AU Zheng, DL Heath, LS Ducey, MJ AF Zheng, Daolan Heath, Linda S. Ducey, Mark J. TI Modeling grain-size dependent bias in estimating forest area: a regional application SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aggregation; Confidence interval; Land-cover map; Pixel resolution; Standard errors; 3 Lake States of USA ID LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; COMPLEX ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; LANDSCAPE PATTERN-ANALYSIS; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; SATELLITE DATA; UNITED-STATES; SCALE AB A better understanding of scaling-up effects on estimating important landscape characteristics (e.g. forest percentage) is critical for improving ecological applications over large areas. This study illustrated effects of changing grain sizes on regional forest estimates in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan of the USA using 30-m land-cover maps (1992 and 2001) produced by the National Land Cover Datasets. The maps were aggregated to two broad cover types (forest vs. non-forest) and scaled up to 1-km and 10-km resolutions. Empirical models were established from county-level observations using regression analysis to estimate scaling effects on area estimation. Forest percentages observed at 30-m and 1-km land-cover maps were highly correlated. This intrinsic relationship was tested spatially, temporally, and was shown to be invariant. Our models provide a practical way to calibrate forest percentages observed from coarse-resolution land-cover data. The models predicted mean scaling effects of 7.0 and 12.0% (in absolute value with standard deviations of 2.2 and 5.3%) on regional forest cover estimation (ranging from 2.3 and 2.5% to 11.1 and 23.7% at the county level) with standard errors of model estimation 3.1 and 7.1% between 30 m and 1 km, and 30 m and 10 km, respectively, within a 95% confidence interval. Our models improved accuracy of forest cover estimates (in terms of percent) by 63% (at 1-km resolution) and 57% (at 10-km resolution) at the county level relative to those without model adjustment and by 87 and 84% at the regional level in 2001. The model improved 1992 and 2001 regional forest estimation in terms of area for 1-km maps by 15,141 and 7,412 km(2) (after area weighting of all counties) respectively, compared to the corresponding estimates without calibration using 30 m-based regional forest areas as reference. C1 [Zheng, Daolan; Ducey, Mark J.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Heath, Linda S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Zheng, DL (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, 215 James Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM daolan.zheng@unh.edu RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 FU USDA Forest Service [05-DG-11242343-074] FX This study was in part funded by the USDA Forest Service through grant 05-DG-11242343-074. NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1119 EP 1132 DI 10.1007/s10980-008-9272-1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 363QZ UT WOS:000260283100010 ER PT J AU Coffey, KP Coblentz, WK Hellwig, DH Popp, MP Smith, TF Hubbell, DS Scarbrough, DA Humphry, JB Turner, JE Johnson, ZB Rosenkrans, CF AF Coffey, K. P. Coblentz, W. K. Hellwig, D. H. Popp, M. P. Smith, T. F. Hubbell, D. S., III Scarbrough, D. A. Humphry, J. B. Turner, J. E. Johnson, Z. B. Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr. TI Weaning and post-weaning performance by fall-born calves weaned on different dates from endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures managed with two different rotation frequencies SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Tall fescue; Endophyte; Post-weaning performance ID IMMUNE CELL RESPONSE; SUBSEQUENT FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE; PREVIOUS FORAGE SYSTEMS; BEEF STEERS; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; FINISHING STEERS; CALF PERFORMANCE; BODY-COMPOSITION; SEAWEED EXTRACT; CATTLE AB A number Of Studies have reported performance by spring-calving cows grazing Neotyphodium-infected fescue [E+, Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.], but post-weaning calf performance from the majority of those Studies is limited. Furthermore, both pre- and post-weaning information pertaining to fall-calving cows and their calves grazing E+ is particularly limited. A 3-year study was initiated in April 2000 near Batesville, AR (USA) to investigate the impact of rotational management (twice monthly vs. twice weekly) program and weaning date [mid-April (EARLY) vs. early June (LATE)] on production of fall-calving cow-calf pairs grazing E+ overseeded with ladino (Trifolium repens L.), and red clover (Trifolium pretense L), lespedeza (Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim.), and crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.). A secondary objective of the study was to evaluate calf performance both at weaning and after weaning until either breeding of the heifers or slaughter of the steers. Calves weaned later had greater (P<0.05) actual weaning weights, but weaning date x year interactions were detected (P<0.05) for most measurements at weaning. Weight loss during a simulated transport and sale, as well as the days required to regain the lost weight were lower (P<0.05) by EARLY than by LATE in 2 of 3 years, and intake (kg DM/100 kg BW) was higher by EARLY than by LATE in 2 of 3 years. Antibody titers to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine virus diarrhea measured prior to vaccination and at weaning were greater (P<0.05) from EARLY than from LATE. Heifer weight at breeding was greater (P<0.05) from LATE than from EARLY in 1 year and numerically greater (P >= 0.11) from LATE in the other 2 years. Initial and final feedlot BW and gain did not differ (P >= 0.16) among previous treatments in 2 of 3 years. Therefore, carryover effects of weaning date or rotational grazing on calves previously grazing E+ tall fescue may be mitigated during a Subsequent backgrounding period Such that impacts on subsequent breeding or feedlot performance is minimized. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Coffey, K. P.; Popp, M. P.; Smith, T. F.; Hubbell, D. S., III; Johnson, Z. B.; Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, Div Agr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Coblentz, W. K.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield Agr Exp Stn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Hellwig, D. H.] Berea Coll, Berea, KY 40404 USA. [Scarbrough, D. A.] NW Oklahoma State Univ, Alva, OK 73717 USA. [Humphry, J. B.] Humphry Environm Inc, Fayetteville, AR 72702 USA. [Turner, J. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Mt Res Stn, Waynesville, NC 28786 USA. RP Coffey, KP (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Div Agr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM kcoffey@uark.edu FU USDA-CSREES [2001-35209-10079] FX This project was funded in part by grant # 2001-35209-10079 from the USDA-CSREES National Research Initiatives Competitive Grants Agri-Systems Program. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-1413 J9 LIVEST SCI JI Livest. Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 118 IS 3 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2008.01.019 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 377RX UT WOS:000261269400001 ER PT J AU Wu, C Duckett, SK Neel, JPS Fontenot, JP Clapham, WM AF Wu, C. Duckett, S. K. Neel, J. P. S. Fontenot, J. P. Clapham, W. M. TI Influence of finishing systems on hydrophilic and lipophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) in beef SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; antioxidants; forages; ORAC ID TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; PASTURE; EXTRACT; CARNOSINE; PLASMA; ASSAYS AB The aim of this research was to: (1) develop a reliable extraction procedure and assay to determine antioxidant activity in meat products, and (2) assess the effect of beef finishing system (forage-finished: alfalfa, pearl millet or mixed pastures vs. concentrate-finished) on longissimus muscle antioxidant activity. The effect of extraction method (ethanol concentration and extraction time), protein removal, and sample preparation method (pulverization or freeze drying) were first evaluated to develop an antioxidant assay for meat products. Beef extracts prepared with low ethanol concentrations (20%) demonstrated higher hydrophilic ORAC. Protein removal prior to extraction reduced hydrophilic ORAC values. Sample preparation method influenced both hydrophilic and lipophilic ORAC, with pulverized samples containing higher hydrophilic and lipophilic ORAC values. Beef cattle finishing system (Forage: alfalfa, pearl millet, or natural pasture vs. concentrates) had little impact on muscle hydrophilic ORAC, but muscle from forage finished beef contained greater lipophilic ORAC. In addition, broiling of steaks reduced hydrophilic ORAC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wu, C.; Duckett, S. K.] Clemson Univ, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Neel, J. P. S.; Clapham, W. M.] USDA ARS, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Fontenot, J. P.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Duckett, SK (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM sducket@clemson.edu NR 18 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 80 IS 3 BP 662 EP 667 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.03.003 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 357KI UT WOS:000259844300013 PM 22063579 ER PT J AU Arakane, Y Li, B Muthukrishnan, S Beeman, RW Kramer, KJ Park, Y AF Arakane, Yasuyuki Li, Bin Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam Beeman, Richard W. Kramer, Karl J. Park, Yoonseong TI Functional analysis of four neuropeptides, EH, ETH, CCAP and bursicon, and their receptors in adult ecdysis behavior of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum SO MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Coleoptera; Neurohormone; Receptor; Eclosion behavior; Cuticle tanning ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; TRIGGERING HORMONE; INSECT ECDYSIS; PEPTIDERGIC ENSEMBLES; RNA INTERFERENCE; ENDOCRINE SYSTEM; CASCADE CONTROLS; INNATE BEHAVIOR; CELL-DEATH; GENE AB Ecdysis behavior in arthropods is driven by complex interactions among multiple neuropeptide signaling systems. To understand the roles of neuropeptides and their receptors in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, we performed systemic RNA interference (RNAi) experiments utilizing post-embryonic injections of double-stranded (ds) RNAs corresponding to ten gene products representing four different peptide signaling pathways: eclosion hormone ( EH), ecdysis triggering hormone (ETH), crustacean cardioactive peptide ( CCAP) and bursicon. Behavioral deficiencies and developmental arrests occurred as follows: RNAi of ( 1) eh or eth disrupted preecdysis behavior and prevented subsequent ecdysis behavior; ( 2) ccap interrupted ecdysis behavior; and ( 3) bursicon subunits resulted in wrinkled elytra due to incomplete wing expansion, but there was no effect on cuticle tanning or viability. RNAi of genes encoding receptors for those peptides produced phenocopies comparable to those of their respective cognate neuropeptides, except in those cases where more than one receptor was identified. The phenotypes resulting from neuropeptide RNAi in Tribolium differ substantially from phenotypes of the respective Drosophila mutants. Results from this study suggest that the functions of neuropeptidergic systems that drive innate ecdysis behavior have undergone significant changes during the evolution of arthropods. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Arakane, Yasuyuki; Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam; Kramer, Karl J.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Li, Bin; Park, Yoonseong] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Beeman, Richard W.; Kramer, Karl J.] ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Arakane, Y (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Chalmers Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM subaru@ksu.edu; ypark@ksu.edu RI Park, Yoonseong/J-5861-2013 OI Park, Yoonseong/0000-0003-1191-7335 NR 42 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-4773 J9 MECH DEVELOP JI Mech. Dev. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 125 IS 11-12 BP 984 EP 995 DI 10.1016/j.mod.2008.09.002 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 392KR UT WOS:000262302100006 PM 18835439 ER PT J AU Van Vleet, JH Jeffries, TW Olsson, L AF Van Vleet, Jennifer Headman Jeffries, Thomas W. Olsson, Lisbeth TI Deleting the para-nitrophenyl phosphatase (pNPPase), PHO13, in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae improves growth and ethanol production on D-xylose SO METABOLIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE PHO13; Fermentation; Overexpression; Xylulokinase; Xylose; XYL3; XKS1; XYL1; XYL2 ID PICHIA-STIPITIS; XYLITOL DEHYDROGENASE; XYLULOKINASE ACTIVITY; YEAST; FERMENTATION; METABOLISM; REDUCTASE; STRAIN; MUTAGENESIS; EXPRESSION AB Overexpression of D-xylulokinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae engineered for assimilation of xylose results in growth inhibition that is more pronounced at higher xylose concentrations. Mutants deficient in the para-nitrophenyl phosphatase, PHO13, resist growth inhibition on xylose. We studied this inhibition under aerobic growth conditions in well-controlled bioreactors using engineered S. cerevisiae CEN.PK. Growth on glucose was not significantly affected in pho13 Delta mutants, but acetate production increased by 75%. Cell growth, ethanol production, and xylose consumption all increased markedly in pho13 Delta mutants. The specific growth rate and rate of specific xylose uptake were approximately 1.5 times higher in the deletion strain than in the parental strain when growing on glucose-xylose mixtures and up to 10-fold higher when growing on xylose alone. In addition to showing higher acetate levels, pho13 Delta mutants also produced less glycerol on xylose, suggesting that deletion of Pho13p could improve growth by altering redox levels when cells are grown on xylose. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Van Vleet, Jennifer Headman; Olsson, Lisbeth] Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Microbial Biotechnol, Biocentrum DTU, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Van Vleet, Jennifer Headman; Jeffries, Thomas W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jeffries, Thomas W.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53725 USA. RP Olsson, L (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Microbial Biotechnol, Biocentrum DTU, Bldg 223, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. EM lo@biocentrum.dtu.dk RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 FU Danish American Fulbright Commission; Danish Research Agency; US NIH [5R01 GM67933-03] FX This research was supported by a Fulbright grant from the Danish American Fulbright Commission to J. H. V. V. This work was supported by the Danish Research Agency and by US NIH Grant 5R01 GM67933-03 to T. W. J. We would like to thank Goutham Vemuri and Jose Manuel Otero for help with rate and yield calculations and Christian Solem for help with HPLC. NR 28 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1096-7176 EI 1096-7184 J9 METAB ENG JI Metab. Eng. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 10 IS 6 BP 360 EP 369 DI 10.1016/j.ymben.2007.12.002 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 387IO UT WOS:000261946000009 PM 18249574 ER PT J AU Kaplan, ML Huang, C Lin, YL Charney, JJ AF Kaplan, Michael L. Huang, C. Lin, Y. -L. Charney, J. J. TI The development of extremely dry surface air due to vertical exchanges under the exit region of a jet streak SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIRES; METEOROLOGY AB Observations and numerical model simulations indicate that anomalous surface drying is strongly forced by mass and momentum adjustments under the right exit region of a polar jet streak overtaking and modifying a weak surface cold front. This drying event, which was associated with a wildfire in south-central New Jersey, is related to multi-scale atmospheric forcing that began far upstream and was likely not coupled to the classic cold conveyor belt model, as described by Carlson (Mon Wea Rev 108:1498-1509, 1980). The analyses indicate that both deep tropospheric circulations and boundary layer dry air advection occur in tandem to create a favorable environment for two closely associated extreme surface drying events. The first drying event occurs when lower tropospheric air is transported downwards in the descending branch of the low-level cold front's thermally direct circulation. This low-level circulation, which is vertically separated from the upper-level jet, is still enhanced by the hydrostatic pressure rises under the velocity convergence in the equatorward exit region of the polar jet. The upper-level convergence phases with the low-level cold air advection to intensify the low-level isallobaric wind. Dry air increases at low levels in conjunction with the isallobaric divergence behind the low-level cold front. Sinking air occurs within the 100-hPa layer centered just above 900 hPa as a result of the isallobaric divergence. The shallow descending circulation within the upstream side of this low-level front produces the first injection of dry air into the surface layer independently of deep-boundary layer mixing. Surface moisture divergence and shallow sinking sustain the dry cold front in the boundary layer. The descending air in the upper tropospheric jet circulation does not immediately couple to the deepening boundary layer accompanying the cold front's circulation. A second drying event occurs at the surface shortly thereafter, when surface heating deepens the well-mixed layer, such that the boundary layer behind the low-level front (i.e., within its trailing descending air) is linked to the dry air under the jet's equatorward exit region descending branch. Thus, the first drying event is created by the low-level direct circulation in a region of isallobaric divergence, while the second drying event is created by the coupling between the upper level indirect circulation and the deepening convective boundary layer. The two dry events combine to create a favorable environment for an isolated wildfire as both dry air and increasing surface winds develop during maximum surface heating. C1 [Kaplan, Michael L.] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Huang, C.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Lin, Y. -L.] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, NOAA ISET Ctr, Dept Phys, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Lin, Y. -L.] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, NOAA ISET Ctr, EES PhD Program, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Charney, J. J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Kaplan, ML (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM mike.kaplan@dri.edu FU USDA Forest Service [02-JV-112313000-051] FX This research was funded by the USDA Forest Service under grant #02-JV-112313000-051. Phillip Marzette, Chris Adaniya, and Kristien King of the University of Nevada, Reno, modified the electronic figures for publication. David Stettner of CIMMS at the University of Wisconsin provided the water vapor satellite imagery. The surface and rawinsonde observations were derived from the Plymouth State University Weather Center web site. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 102 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 85 DI 10.1007/s00703-008-0004-5 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 374II UT WOS:000261036600005 ER PT J AU Lu, SW Tian, DH Borchardt-Wier, HB Wang, XH AF Lu, Shun-Wen Tian, Duanhua Borchardt-Wier, Harmony B. Wang, Xiaohong TI Alternative splicing: A novel mechanism of regulation identified in the chorismate mutase gene of the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alternative splicing; Chorismate mutase; Globodera rostochiensis; Plant-parasitic nematode; Intron retention; Dominant negative isoform ID PRE-MESSENGER-RNA; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; SHIKIMATE PATHWAY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MELOIDOGYNE-JAVANICA; DIROFILARIA-IMMITIS; PROTEIN; PALLIDA; HOST AB Chorismate mutase (CM) secreted from the stylet of plant-parasitic nematodes plays an important role in plant parasitism. We isolated and characterized a new nematode CM gene (Gr-cm-1) from the potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis. The Gr-cm-1 gene was found to exist in the nematode genome as a single-copy gene that has two different alleles, Gr-cm-1A and Gr-cm-1B, both of which could give rise to two different mRNA transcripts of Gr-cm-1 and Gr-cm-1-IRII In situ mRNA hybridization showed that the Gr-cm-1 gene was exclusively expressed within the subventral oesophageal gland cells of the nematode. Gr-cm-1 was demonstrated to encode a functional CM (GR-CM-1) potentially having a dimeric structure as the secreted bacterial *AroQ CMs. Gr-cm-1-IRII, generated by retention of intron 2 of the Gr-cm-1 pre-mRNA through alternative splicing (AS), would encode a truncated protein (GR-CM-1t) lacking the CM domain with no CM activity. The quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay revealed that splicing of the Gr-cm-1 gene was developmentally regulated; Gr-cm-1 was up-regulated whereas Gr-cm-1-IRII was down-regulated in early nematode parasitic stages compared to the preparasitic juvenile stage. Low-temperature SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that GR-CM-1 could form homodimers when expressed in Escherichia coli and the dimerization domain was retained in the truncated GR-CM-1t protein. The specific interaction between the two proteins was demonstrated in yeast. Our data suggested that the novel splice variant might function as a dominant negative isoform through heterodimerization with the full-length GR-CM-1 protein and that AS may represent an important mechanism for regulating CM activity during nematode parasitism. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Borchardt-Wier, Harmony B.; Wang, Xiaohong] ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lu, Shun-Wen; Tian, Duanhua; Wang, Xiaohong] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Wang, XH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM xw57@cornell.edu NR 61 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 EI 1872-9428 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 162 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2008.06.002 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 367JI UT WOS:000260547900001 PM 18786575 ER PT J AU Zungu, M Young, ME Stanley, WC Essop, MF AF Zungu, Makhosazane Young, Martin E. Stanley, William C. Essop, M. Faadiel TI Expression of mitochondrial regulatory genes parallels respiratory capacity and contractile function in a rat model of hypoxia-induced right ventricular hypertrophy SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Gene expression; Heart; Mitochondria; Right ventricular hypertrophy; Hypobaric hypoxia ID UNCOUPLING PROTEINS; ENERGY-METABOLISM; HEART; ADAPTATION; FAILURE; DYSFUNCTION; TOLERANCE; MECHANISM AB Chronic hypobaric hypoxia (CHH) increases load on the right ventricle (RV) resulting in RV hypertrophy. We hypothesized that CHH elicits distinct responses, i.e., the hypertrophied RV, unlike the left ventricle (LV), displaying enhanced mitochondrial respiratory and contractile function. Wistar rats were exposed to 4 weeks CHH (11% O(2)) versus normoxic controls. RV/body weight ratio increased (P<0.001 vs. control) while RV systolic and developed pressures were higher. However, LV systolic and developed pressures were significantly reduced. Mitochondrial O(2) consumption was sustained in the hypertrophied RV, ADP/O increased (P<0.01 vs. control) and proton leak significantly decreased. Conversely, LV mitochondrial O(2) consumption was attenuated (P<0.05 vs. control) and proton leak significantly increased. In parallel, expression of mitochondrial regulators was upregulated in the hypertrophied RV but not the LV. Our data show that the hypertrophied RV induces expression of mitochondrial regulatory genes linking respiratory capacity and enhanced efficiency to sustained contractile function. C1 [Essop, M. Faadiel] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Physiol Sci, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Zungu, Makhosazane; Essop, M. Faadiel] Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, Fac Hlth Sci, Hatter Heart Res Inst, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Young, Martin E.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Stanley, William C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Essop, MF (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Physiol Sci, Room 2009,Mike De Vries Bldg,Merriman Ave, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. EM mfessop@sun.ac.za OI Essop, Faadiel/0000-0002-8434-4294 FU NIH-Fogarty [R03 TW07344]; South African Medical Research Council; South African National Research Foundation FX The authors wish to thank Mr. Noel Markgraaff for technical assistance. This work was supported by an NIH-Fogarty R03 TW07344 (to M. F. Essop and W. C. Stanley), the South African Medical Research Council and the South African National Research Foundation (to M. F. Essop). NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0300-8177 J9 MOL CELL BIOCHEM JI Mol. Cell. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 318 IS 1-2 BP 175 EP 181 DI 10.1007/s11010-008-9867-5 PG 7 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 363UO UT WOS:000260292600018 PM 18604475 ER PT J AU Petri, C Webb, K Hily, JM Dardick, C Scorza, R AF Petri, Cesar Webb, Kevin Hily, Jean-Michel Dardick, Chris Scorza, Ralph TI High transformation efficiency in plum (Prunus domestica L.): a new tool for functional genomics studies in Prunus spp. SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Agrobacterium tumefaciens; functional genomics; gene silencing; high-throughput genetic transformation; Prunus domestica; Rosaceae ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; COAT PROTEIN GENE; INDUCIBLE RNAI SYSTEM; POX-VIRUS; NICOTIANA-BENTHAMIANA; PLANT-REGENERATION; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; T-DNA; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION AB An improved Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol for plum (Prunus domestica L.) hypocotyl slices was developed based on the addition of 2,4-D to the co-cultivation medium. This method increased transformation efficiency up to 10 x (42%) over previous reports with an average efficiency of 25% of hypocotyl slices producing transgenic plants. Timing of each step in the protocol was optimized producing self-rooted transgenic plants in the greenhouse in approximately 6 months. In order to test the system for its utility in functional genomic studies, we developed two hairpin constructs using a fragment of the peach (P. persica) Phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene. When A. tumefaciens with these constructs was used for targeted post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), approximately 50% of the transformed plums were knockout PDS gene plants. The easy and efficient plum transformation protocol that we report here can be readily used for functional genomics studies in Prunus specifically, and Rosaceae and other woody species in general. C1 [Petri, Cesar; Webb, Kevin; Hily, Jean-Michel; Dardick, Chris; Scorza, Ralph] USDA ARS, Dept Genet Improvement Fruit Crops, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Petri, Cesar] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Scorza, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dept Genet Improvement Fruit Crops, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM Ralph.Scorza@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 581 EP 591 DI 10.1007/s11032-008-9200-8 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 351QY UT WOS:000259440700007 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, DM Ramakrishnan, AP Cruzan, MB AF Rosenthal, David M. Ramakrishnan, Alisa P. Cruzan, Mitchell B. TI Evidence for multiple sources of invasion and intraspecific hybridization in Brachypodium sylvaticum (Hudson) Beauv. in North America SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian population genetic structure; chloroplast DNA; glacial refugia; multiple introductions; population bottleneck; ssr ID RECENT POPULATION BOTTLENECKS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CHLOROPLAST-DNA; UNSAMPLED POPULATIONS; SAMPLED POPULATIONS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; NONCODING REGIONS AB We compared the levels and distribution of genetic diversity in Eurasian and North American populations of Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) Beauv. (false brome), a newly invasive perennial bunchgrass in western North America. Our goals were to identify source regions for invasive populations, determine the number of independent invasion events, and assess the possibility that postinvasion bottlenecks and hybridization have affected patterns of genetic diversity in the invaded range. We tested the hypothesis that this Eurasian grass was accidentally introduced into two areas in Oregon and one site in California by examining nuclear microsatellites and chloroplast haplotype variation in 23 introduced and 25 native populations. In the invaded range, there was significantly lower allelic richness (R(S)), observed heterozygosity (H(O)) and within-population gene diversity (H(S)), although a formal test failed to detect a significant genetic bottleneck. Most of the genetic variation existed among populations in the native range but within populations in the invaded range. All of the allelic variation in the invaded range could be explained based on alleles found in western European populations. The distribution of identified genetic clusters in the North American populations and the unique alleles associated with them is consistent with two historical introductions in Oregon and a separate introduction to California. Further analyses of population structure indicate that intraspecific hybridization among genotypes from geographically distinct regions of western Europe occurred following colonization in Oregon. The California populations, however, are more likely to be derived from one or perhaps several genetically similar regions in the native range. The emergence and spread of novel recombinant genotypes may be facilitating the rapid spread of this invasive species in Oregon. C1 [Rosenthal, David M.; Ramakrishnan, Alisa P.; Cruzan, Mitchell B.] Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Rosenthal, David M.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Cruzan, MB (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM cruzan@pdx.edu RI Rosenthal, David/C-9559-2012 OI Rosenthal, David/0000-0002-4822-5861 FU USDA [2005-35320-15317] FX We wish to thank Trieste Dobberstein for her assistance in the laboratory and her tenacity working with Abi. The manuscript was improved by comments from an anonymous reviewer and the subject editor. This work was funded by USDA # 2005-35320-15317 to M.B.C. and A.P.R. NR 89 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 4 U2 68 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 17 IS 21 BP 4657 EP 4669 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03844.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 364OO UT WOS:000260345200008 PM 18627455 ER PT J AU Mock, KE Rowe, CA Hooten, MB Dewoody, J Hipkins, VD AF Mock, K. E. Rowe, C. A. Hooten, M. B. Dewoody, J. Hipkins, V. D. TI Clonal dynamics in western North American aspen (Populus tremuloides) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aspen; clonality; Populus tremuloides; triploid; Utah; vegetative ID NATURAL-POPULATIONS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PLANT DIVERSITY; TREMBLING ASPEN; NIGRA L.; LANDSCAPE; MARKERS; ORGANISMS; GENOTYPES; SEEDLINGS AB Clonality is a common phenomenon in plants, allowing genets to persist asexually for much longer periods of time than ramets. The relative frequency of sexual vs. asexual reproduction determines long-term dominance and persistence of clonal plants at the landscape scale. One of the most familiar and valued clonal plants in North America is aspen (Populus tremuloides). Previous researchers have suggested that aspen in xeric landscapes of the intermountain west represent genets of great chronological age, maintained via clonal expansion in the near absence of sexual reproduction. We synthesized microsatellite data from 1371 ramets in two large sampling grids in Utah. We found a surprisingly large number of distinct genets, some covering large spatial areas, but most represented by only one to a few individual ramets at a sampling scale of 50 m. In general, multi-ramet genets were spatially cohesive, although some genets appear to be fragmented remnants of much larger clones. We conclude that recent sexual reproduction in these landscapes is a stronger contributor to standing genetic variation at the population level than the accumulation of somatic mutations, and that even some of the spatially large clones may not be as ancient as previously supposed. Further, a striking majority of the largest genets in both study areas had three alleles at one or more loci, suggesting triploidy or aneuploidy. These genets tended to be spatially clustered but not closely related. Together, these findings substantially advance our understanding of clonal dynamics in western North American aspen, and set the stage for a broad range of future studies. C1 [Mock, K. E.; Rowe, C. A.] Utah State Univ, Wildland Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hooten, M. B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Dewoody, J.; Hipkins, V. D.] USDA Forest Serv, PSW Res Stn, Natl Forest Genet Lab, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. RP Mock, KE (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Wildland Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM karen.mock@usu.edu RI Mock , Karen/C-1418-2011 FU USU ADVANCE programme; USU Community University Research Initiative; USU Office of Extension; USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station in Logan, Utah FX We would like to acknowledge the field and technical assistance provided by Ryan Shaw, Jer Pin Chong, Eric ONeill, Megan Kanaga, Sean Kelly, Jon Mock, Richie Gardner, Brian and Anna Cardall, Masako Niwa, Justin DeRose, Olivia Salmon, Ricardo Hernandez, Kristin Metz, Robert C. Saich, and Ron Ryel. Sherm Jensen of Whitehorse Associates assisted with sampling map construction, and Robert Campbell and Dale Bartos offered many helpful suggestions during the study. The authors would also like to thank Adele Cutler for statistical suggestions and advice, and Paul Wolf and James Long for many helpful comments on the manuscript. Funding for the project was provided by the USU ADVANCE programme, the USU Community University Research Initiative, the USU Office of Extension, and the USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station in Logan, Utah. NR 57 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 7 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 17 IS 22 BP 4827 EP 4844 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03963.x PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 370AO UT WOS:000260735300006 PM 19140975 ER PT J AU Anderson, SJ Stone, CL Posada-Buitrago, ML Boore, JL Neelam, BA Stephens, RM Luster, DG Frederick, RD Pedley, KF AF Anderson, Sharon J. Stone, Christine L. Posada-Buitrago, Martha Lucia Boore, Jeffrey L. Neelam, Beena A. Stephens, Robert M. Luster, Douglas G. Frederick, Reid D. Pedley, Kerry F. TI Development of simple sequence repeat markers for the soybean rust fungus, Phakopsora pachyrhizi SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE basidiomycetes; microsatellites; Phakopsora pachyrhizi; soybean rust; SSR AB Twenty-four simple sequence repeat markers were developed for Phakopsora pachyrhizi, a fungal pathogen of soybean (Glycine max) and other legumes. All 24 of the loci were evaluated on 28 isolates of P. pachyrhizi. Twenty-one loci were polymorphic, with allelic diversity ranging from two to eight alleles, and null alleles were observed for eight of the 24 loci. A preliminary screen with the closely related species, P. meibomiae, indicated that these primer pairs are specific to P. pachyrhizi. C1 [Anderson, Sharon J.; Stone, Christine L.; Luster, Douglas G.; Frederick, Reid D.; Pedley, Kerry F.] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Posada-Buitrago, Martha Lucia; Boore, Jeffrey L.] Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Posada-Buitrago, Martha Lucia; Boore, Jeffrey L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Neelam, Beena A.; Stephens, Robert M.] NCI Frederick, SAIC Frederick Inc, Adv Biomed Comp Ctr, Adv Technol Program, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Pedley, KF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM kerry.pedley@ars.usda.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010; POSADA, MARTHA/G-7927-2012 NR 8 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1310 EP 1312 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02272.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 367BY UT WOS:000260528700027 PM 21586030 ER PT J AU Shamblin, BM Faircloth, BC Josserand, SA Nelson, D Nairn, CJ AF Shamblin, Brian M. Faircloth, Brant C. Josserand, Sedley A. Nelson, Dana Nairn, Campbell J. TI Microsatellite markers for eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Canada hemlock; conservation genetics; genetic diversity; SSR markers AB We describe polymerase chain reaction primer pairs and reaction conditions for amplification of 15 microsatellite loci from eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis). The primers were tested on 23 individuals from a natural population in southwestern North Carolina, USA. These primers yielded an average of 5.9 alleles per locus (range of 2-14), an average observed heterozygosity of 0.45 (range 0.14-0.73), and an average polymorphic information content of 0.54 (range 0.28-0.86). In addition, eight of the primer pairs were found to amplify microsatellite loci in one or more additional species of Tsuga. C1 [Shamblin, Brian M.; Faircloth, Brant C.; Nairn, Campbell J.] Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Josserand, Sedley A.; Nelson, Dana] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Inst Forest Genet, So Res Stn, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Nairn, CJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jnairn@warnell.uga.edu OI Faircloth, Brant/0000-0002-1943-0217 FU D. B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources FX Funding provided by the D. B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Dr James Vose (US Forest Service, Southern Research Station) for assistance with collecting eastern hemlock samples. In addition, we thank the following for providing samples of additional hemlock species: Dr Susan Bentz and Dr Richard Olsen, National Arboretum, Washington, D. C.; Mr Dan Moeller, Hoyt Arboretum, Portland, OR; and Dr Kevin Potter, CAMCORE, and J. C. Raulston Arboretum all of North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1354 EP 1356 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02274.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 367BY UT WOS:000260528700041 PM 21586044 ER PT J AU Schemerhorn, BJ Crane, YM Morton, PK AF Schemerhorn, Brandon J. Crane, Yan M. Morton, Philip K. TI Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers in Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Hessian fly; Mayetiola destructor; microsatellites; population genetics; Triticum aestivum; wheat ID ENRICHMENT AB A microsatellite library was prepared from size-selected genomic DNA of Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor). Approximately 81% of recovered clones hybridized with microsatellite motif-specific probes. Subsequently, 2350 clones were sequenced. Sixty-two individual flies from laboratory strains were used to test for reliability and polymorphism in 50 of the microsatellites by gel electrophoresis; 18 were further tested with capillary electrophoresis. Of these, 17 behaved as a polymorphic single locus appropriate for population analysis. C1 [Schemerhorn, Brandon J.; Crane, Yan M.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Schemerhorn, Brandon J.; Morton, Philip K.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Schemerhorn, BJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, 901 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM bschemer@purdue.edu OI Schemerhorn, Brandon/0000-0003-0247-478X NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1360 EP 1362 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02300.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 367BY UT WOS:000260528700043 PM 21586046 ER PT J AU Josserand, SA Potter, KM Echt, CS Nelson, CD AF Josserand, S. A. Potter, K. M. Echt, C. S. Nelson, C. D. TI Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE conservation genetics; hemlock; SSR markers ID DNA AB We describe the isolation and characterization of 31 polymorphic di- and trinucleotide microsatellite marker loci for Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana Englem.). In addition, primer pairs for 16 loci amplified scoreable alleles in six other Tsuga species. In eastern North America, both Carolina hemlock and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis [L.] Carr.) populations are declining due to infestation by hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae. The markers described here should enhance population genetic studies of hemlocks, providing valuable information for conserving and restoring these important forest tree species. C1 [Josserand, S. A.; Echt, C. S.; Nelson, C. D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. [Potter, K. M.] N Carolina State Univ, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Nelson, CD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, 23332 Mississippi 67, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. EM dananelson@fs.fed.us RI Echt, Craig/H-4684-2012; OI Echt, Craig/0000-0001-9330-4051; Potter, Kevin/0000-0002-7330-5345 FU Southern Research Station [05-CA-11330126-210]; Jim Vose US Forest Service FX We thank the Southern Research Station, John Frampton and Bill Dvorak of North Carolina State University for their support of hemlock genetics research through Cooperative Agreement SRS (05-CA-11330126-210) and Jim Vose (US Forest Service, Coweta Hydrologic Laboratory). In addition, we thank Dennis Deemer (Southern Institute of Forest Genetics) for technical assistance and the following for providing Tsuga spp. samples: Susan Bentz and Richard Olsen, National Arboretum, Washington, DC; Dan Moeller, Hoyt Arboretum, Portland, OR; Barbara Crane, US Forest Service, Southern Region, Atlanta, GA; Valerie Hipkins, US Forest Service, National Forest Genetics Laboratory, Placerville, CA; and the staffs of Camcore and the JC Raulston Arboretum, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1371 EP 1374 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02294.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 367BY UT WOS:000260528700046 PM 21586049 ER PT J AU Dambroski, HR Carson, ML AF Dambroski, Hattie R. Carson, Martin L. TI Development and characterization of novel, polymorphic microsatellite markers for oat crown rust, Puccinia coronata SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE microsatellite; oat crown rust; population structure; Puccinia coronata; Puccinia pathway AB We report the development of 37 novel and polymorphic microsatellite markers for oat crown rust, Puccinia coronata f.sp. avenae. The allelic diversity ranged from two to 16 alleles per locus. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.000 to 0.971, and expected heterozygosity from 0.057 to 0.848. Thirteen of the loci were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, due to either the presence of null alleles, small sample size, or the effects of population subdivision (Wahlund's effect). All 37 primer pairs were tested with P. graminis and P. triticina showing that they are specific to P. coronata. C1 [Dambroski, Hattie R.; Carson, Martin L.] ARS, USDA, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Dambroski, HR (reprint author), Normandale Community Coll, 9700 France Ave S, Bloomington, MN 55431 USA. EM hattie.dambroski@normandale.edu NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1395 EP 1398 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02336.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 367BY UT WOS:000260528700053 PM 21586056 ER PT J AU Phillips, CB Vink, CJ Blanchet, A Hoelmer, KA AF Phillips, Craig B. Vink, Cor J. Blanchet, Arnaud Hoelmer, Kim A. TI Hosts are more important than destinations: What genetic variation in Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) means for foreign exploration for natural enemies SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI); 16S; Arginine kinase; Success rate; Environmental safety; Host range; Biotype; Speciation ID LIKELIHOOD PHYLOGENETIC ESTIMATION; SITONA-LEPIDUS COLEOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTION; PARASITOID WASPS; DNA-SEQUENCES; NUCLEAR GENES; NEW-ZEALAND; EVOLUTION; CURCULIONIDAE AB Nucleotide sequence data were generated from the gene regions COI, 16S, and arginine kinase to assess genetic variation within the Palearctic parasitoid, Microctonus aethiopoides, reared from Sitona discoideus, S. hispidulus, and Hypera postica collected from two proximate locations in Mediterranean France. Partitioned Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of the molecular data provided strong support for the presence of at least two M. aethiopoides biotypes, one associated with Hypera species and the other with Sitona species. These new results combined with previously published data from 14 countries show that M. aethiopoides genetic variation is much more strongly correlated with host taxon than with sampling location. This contrasts with earlier perceptions that M. aethiopoides exhibits significant geographic variation, and helps to explain the widely varying biological control outcomes that have been obtained following the introductions of M. aethiopoides to Australia, New Zealand, and North America. The results strongly suggest that success rates and environmental safety in biological control would both be improved by ensuring that parasitoids collected in the native range are reared from the same host species as the one being targeted for control in the region of introduction. The results also provided insights both on the evolution of M. aethiopoides' host range, and on its evolutionary transition between solitary and gregarious larval development. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Phillips, Craig B.; Vink, Cor J.] AgResearch, Biosecur Team, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Blanchet, Arnaud] USDA, European Biol Control Lab, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, St Gely Du Fesc, France. [Hoelmer, Kim A.] USDA, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Phillips, CB (reprint author), AgResearch, Biosecur Team, Private Bag 4749, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. EM craig.phillips@agresearch.co.nz RI Vink, Cor/B-5054-2008; OI Phillips, Craig/0000-0003-2352-3544; Vink, Cor/0000-0003-4237-0117 FU New Zealand's Foundation for Research, Science Technology [LINX0304]; Ecosystem Bio-protection [CO2X0501] FX We are grateful to Cheryl Hayashi (University of California, Riverside) for the use of her laboratory facilities where some of the DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing was done, and to Jonathan Banks for advice on amplification of arginine kinase. This work was funded by New Zealand's Foundation for Research, Science & Technology through contracts LINX0304, Ecosystem Bio-protection, and CO2X0501, Better Border Biosecurity (www.b3nz.org). NR 71 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 49 IS 2 BP 467 EP 476 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.08.005 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 374HM UT WOS:000261034400006 PM 18761095 ER PT J AU Schmidt, MA Herman, EM AF Schmidt, Monica A. Herman, Eliot M. TI Suppression of Soybean Oleosin Produces Micro-Oil Bodies that Aggregate into Oil Body/ER Complexes SO MOLECULAR PLANT LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE-FROZEN; CENTRAL HYDROPHOBIC DOMAIN; HALF-UNIT-MEMBRANES; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; SUNFLOWER OLEOSIN; LIPID BODIES; IMMUNODOMINANT ALLERGEN; PLANT-CELLS; ROOT-TIPS; IN-VITRO AB Using RNAi, the seed oil body protein 24-kDa oleosin has been suppressed in transgenic soybeans. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms micro-oil bodies about 50 nm in diameter that coalesce with adjacent oil bodies forming a hierarchy of oil body sizes. The oil bodies in the oleosin knockdown form large oil body-ER complexes with the interior dominated by micro-oil bodies and intermediate-sized oil bodies, while the peripheral areas of the complex are dominated by large oil bodies. The complex merges to form giant oil bodies with onset of seed dormancy that disrupts cell structure. The transcriptome of the oleosin knockdown shows few changes compared to wild-type. Proteomic analysis of the isolated oil bodies of the 24-kDa oleosin knockdown shows the absence of the 24-kDa oleosin and the presence of abundant caleosin and lipoxygenase. The formation of the micro-oil bodies in the oleosin knockdown is interpreted to indicate a function of the oleosin as a surfactant. C1 [Herman, Eliot M.] Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. RP Herman, EM (reprint author), Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. EM eherman@danforthcenter.org NR 54 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 19 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1674-2052 EI 1752-9867 J9 MOL PLANT JI Mol. Plant. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 1 IS 6 BP 910 EP 924 DI 10.1093/mp/ssn049 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 400HG UT WOS:000262858000004 PM 19825592 ER PT J AU Dyachok, J Shao, MR Vaughn, K Bowling, A Facette, M Djakovic, S Clark, L Smith, L AF Dyachok, Julia Shao, Mon-Ray Vaughn, Kevin Bowling, Andrew Facette, Michelle Djakovic, Stevan Clark, Lauren Smith, Laurie TI Plasma Membrane-Associated SCAR Complex Subunits Promote Cortical F-Actin Accumulation and Normal Growth Characteristics in Arabidopsis Roots SO MOLECULAR PLANT LA English DT Article DE cell expansion; cell morphogenesis; cytoskeleton; root biology; Arabidopsis ID CLATHRIN-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS; CELL-SHAPE DEVELOPMENT; ARP2/3 COMPLEX; WAVE-COMPLEX; TIP GROWTH; PHYSCOMITRELLA-PATENS; AUXIN TRANSPORT; EPIDERMAL DEVELOPMENT; VESICLE TRAFFICKING; PLANT CYTOKINESIS AB The ARP2/3 complex, a highly conserved nucleator of F-actin polymerization, and its activator, the SCAR complex, have been shown to play important roles in leaf epidermal cell morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. However, the intracellular site(s) and function(s) of SCAR and ARP2/3 complex-dependent actin polymerization in plant cells remain unclear. We demonstrate that putative SCAR complex subunits BRK1 and SCAR1 are localized to the plasma membrane at sites of cell growth and wall deposition in expanding cells of leaves and roots. BRK1 localization is SCAR-dependent, providing further evidence of an association between these proteins in vivo. Consistent with plasma membrane localization of SCAR complex subunits, cortical F-actin accumulation in root tip cells is reduced in brk1 mutants. Moreover, mutations disrupting the SCAR or ARP2/3 complex reduce the growth rate of roots and their ability to penetrate semi-solid medium, suggesting reduced rigidity. Cell walls of mutant roots exhibit abnormal structure and composition at intercellular junctions where BRK1 and SCAR1 are enriched in the adjacent plasma membrane. Taken together, our results suggest that SCAR and ARP2/3 complex-dependent actin polymerization promotes processes at the plasma membrane that are important for normal growth and wall assembly. C1 [Dyachok, Julia; Shao, Mon-Ray; Djakovic, Stevan; Clark, Lauren; Smith, Laurie] Univ Calif San Diego, Sect Cell & Dev Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Vaughn, Kevin; Bowling, Andrew] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Facette, Michelle] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Smith, L (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Sect Cell & Dev Biol, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM lgsmith@ucsd.edu RI Facette, Michelle/E-6114-2015 OI Facette, Michelle/0000-0002-6214-9359 FU NSF [IOB-0544226] FX This work was supported by NSF grant IOB-0544226 to L.G.S. NR 79 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1674-2052 J9 MOL PLANT JI Mol. Plant. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 1 IS 6 BP 990 EP 1006 DI 10.1093/mp/ssn059 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 400HG UT WOS:000262858000010 PM 19825598 ER PT J AU Jahn, CE Willis, DK Charkowski, AO AF Jahn, Courtney E. Willis, David K. Charkowski, Amy O. TI The Flagellar Sigma Factor FliA Is Required for Dickeya dadantii Virulence SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID ERWINIA-CHRYSANTHEMI 3937; PECTINASE GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA ABUNDANCE; III SECRETION SYSTEM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; MULTICELLULAR BEHAVIOR; BACTERIAL FLAGELLIN; BIOFILM DEVELOPMENT AB The genome sequence of the Enterobacteriaceae phytopathogen Dickeya dadantii (formerly Erwinia chrysanthemi) revealed homologs of genes required for a complete flagellar secretion system and one flagellin gene. We found that D. dadantii was able to swim and swarm but that ability to swarm was dependent upon both growth media and temperature. Mutation of the D. dadantii fliA gene was pleiotropic, with the alternate sigma factor required for flagella production and development of disease symptoms but not bacterial growth in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The flagellar sigma factor was also required for multiple bacterial phenotypes, including biofilm formation in culture, bacterial adherence to plant tissue, and full expression of pectate lyase activity (but not cellulase or protease activity). Surprisingly, mutation of fliA resulted in the increased expression of avrL (a gene of unknown function in D. dadantii) and two pectate lyase gene homologs, pelX and ABF-0019391. Because FliA is a key contributor to virulence in D. dadantii, it is a new target for disease control. C1 [Jahn, Courtney E.; Willis, David K.; Charkowski, Amy O.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Willis, David K.] USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Charkowski, AO (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM amyc@plantpath.wisc.edu FU nited States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [2006-35319-17396]; USDA [WIS01072]; Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems [2001-52100-11316] FX This research was supported by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) NRI program grant 2006-35319-17396 and USDA Hatch grant WIS01072 to A. O. Charkowski. This project made use of sequences from the D. dadantii 3937 genome project supported by Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems grant number 2001-52100-11316 to N. Perna from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. We thank T. Mohan and J. J. Hawley for technical support, N. Perna and J. Apodaca for thoughtful discussions, and the reviewers for the many improvements they suggested. NR 74 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 EI 1943-7706 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 21 IS 11 BP 1431 EP 1442 DI 10.1094/MPMI-21-11-1431 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 362VY UT WOS:000260226500005 PM 18842093 ER PT J AU Grunwald, NJ Goss, EM Press, CM AF Gruenwald, Niklaus J. Goss, Erica M. Press, Caroline M. TI Phytophthora ramorum: a pathogen with a remarkably wide host range causing sudden oak death on oaks and ramorum blight on woody ornamentals SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME SEQUENCES; COAST LIVE OAK; IN-VITRO; NORTH-AMERICAN; P-KERNOVIAE; 1ST REPORT; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CALIFORNIA; FOREST; INFESTANS AB Phytophthora ramorum is an oomycete plant pathogen classified in the kingdom Stramenopila. P. ramorum is the causal agent of sudden oak death on coast live oak and tanoak as well as ramorum blight on woody ornamental and forest understorey plants. It causes stem cankers on trees, and leaf blight or stem dieback on ornamentals and understorey forest species. This pathogen is managed in the USA and Europe by eradication where feasible, by containment elsewhere and by quarantine in many parts of the world. Genomic resources provide information on genes of interest to disease management and have improved tremendously since sequencing the genome in 2004. This review provides a current overview of the pathogenicity, population genetics, evolution and genomics of P. ramorum. Taxonomy:Phytophthora ramorum (Werres, De Cock & Man in't Veld): kingdom Stramenopila; phylum Oomycota; class Peronosporomycetidae; order Pythiales; family Pythiaceae; genus Phytophthora. Host range:The host range is very large and the list of known hosts continues to expand at the time of writing. Coast live oak and tanoak are ecologically, economically and culturally important forest hosts in the USA. Rhododendron, Viburnum, Pieris, Syringa and Camellia are key ornamental hosts on which P. ramorum has been found repeatedly, some of which have been involved in moving the pathogen via nursery shipments. Disease symptoms:P. ramorum causes two different diseases with differing symptoms: sudden oak death (bleeding lesions, stem cankers) on oaks and ramorum blight (twig dieback and/or foliar lesions) on tree and woody ornamental hosts. Useful websites: http://nature.berkeley.edu/comtf/, http://rapra.csl.gov.uk/, http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/pram/index.shtml, http://genome.jgi-psf.org/Phyra1_1/Phyra1_1.home.html, http://pamgo.vbi.vt.edu/, http://pmgn.vbi.vt.edu/, http://vmd.vbi.vt.edu./, http://web.science.oregonstate.edu/bpp/labs/grunwald/resources.htm, http://www.defra.gov.uk/planth/pramorum.htm, http://www.invasive.org/browse/subject.cfm?sub=4603, http://www.forestry.gov.uk/forestry/WCAS-4Z5JLL C1 [Gruenwald, Niklaus J.; Goss, Erica M.; Press, Caroline M.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Grunwald, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM nik.grunwald@ars.usda.gov RI Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Goss, Erica/H-7020-2014; OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Press, Caroline/0000-0003-4741-9776 FU USDA ARS CRIS Project [5358-22000-034-00]; Northwest Center for Nursery Crop Research; US Forest Service; USDA ARS Floriculture Nursery Initiative; Oregon Department of Agriculture/Oregon Association of Nurseries FX This work was supported in part by funds from USDA ARS CRIS Project 5358-22000-034-00, the Northwest Center for Nursery Crop Research, the US Forest Service, the USDA ARS Floriculture Nursery Initiative and Oregon Department of Agriculture/Oregon Association of Nurseries. We thank Clive Brasier and Brett Tyler for suggested improvement to the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this manuscript is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 70 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 9 IS 6 BP 729 EP 740 DI 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2008.00500.X PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 361PF UT WOS:000260138900001 PM 19019002 ER PT J AU Hajek, AE Burke, AE Nielsen, C Hannam, JJ Bauer, LS AF Hajek, Ann E. Burke, Alison E. Nielsen, Charlotte Hannam, Joshua J. Bauer, Leah S. TI Nondormancy in Entomophaga maimaiga azygospores: effects of isolate and cold exposure SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE biological control; Entomophthorales; gypsy moth; Lymantria dispar; spore dormancy; Zygomycota ID MOTH FUNGAL PATHOGEN; GYPSY-MOTH; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; RESTING SPORES; IN-VITRO; GERMINATION; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; POPULATIONS; OOSPORES AB Azygospores (resting spores) of the fungal pathogen Entomophaga, maimaiga are produced in later larval instars of the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar and normally enter constitutive dormancy. In the laboratory cadavers of recently dead larvae containing immature azygospores were placed on 1.0% water agar at 20 C for 2 wk after host death, allowing time for azygospore maturation. We Found that. some azygospores produced in this way did not enter dormancy. To investigate nondormancy, suspensions of azygospores from individual cadavers were transferred to moist, sterile soil at 15 C. Groups of gypsy moth larvae were exposed sequentially to azygospores for consecutive 4 d periods for 196 d. Infections first were seen among larvae exposed 24-28 d after bioassays began, and infection potential continued 196 d. Germination tests confirmed azygospore germination. Additional cadavers containing azygospores produced under the same conditions were maintained at 4 C for 1-8 mo, and teach month new sequential bioassays were initiated. There was a general trend of earlier initiation of: infection with longer (durations of 4 C exposure; after 6-8 mo at 4 C first, infections occurred 6-10 d after bioassays began. With 5-8 mo at 4 C infection levels declined after 96 d of sequential bioassays. Activity of azygospores differed by the individual larval cadaver in which they were produced; azygospores from 29.2% of cadavers yielded only 0-0.3% infection. Infection from non-dormant azygospores did not differ among three Japanese isolates and two North American isolates although azygospores from a third North American isolate caused no infections in 84 d, suggesting that dormancy had not been prevented. C1 [Hajek, Ann E.; Burke, Alison E.; Nielsen, Charlotte; Hannam, Joshua J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bauer, Leah S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Hajek, AE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Comstock Hall,Garden Ave, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM aeh4@cornell.edu FU IRA; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. FX C. Eastburn was the First. to discover activity in E. maimaiga azygospores assumed to he dormant. M. Filotas, J. McNeil, B. Poole, M. Rich and M. Wheeler assisted with bioassays. R. Humber, J. Kerrigan and an anonymous reviewer assisted with manuscript improvement. F. Vermeylen provided statistical advice and assistance. This, research was financed by IRA and a cooperative agreement with the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 100 IS 6 BP 833 EP 842 DI 10.3852/07-160 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 390TA UT WOS:000262185400002 PM 19202838 ER PT J AU Lakshman, DK Natarajan, SS Lakshman, S Garrett, WM Dhar, AK AF Lakshman, Dilip K. Natarajan, Savithiry S. Lakshman, Sukla Garrett, Wesley M. Dhar, Arun K. TI Optimized protein extraction methods for proteomic analysis of Rhizoctonia solani SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE MALDI-TOF-MS; proteomics; Rhizoctonia solani; Thanatephorus cucumeris; 2-D PAGE ID SECRETED PROTEINS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; PLANT; RNA; IDENTIFICATION AB Rhizoctonia solani (Teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris, T. praticola) is a basidiomycetous fungus and a major cause of root diseases of economically important plants. Various isolates of this Fungus are also beneficially associated with orchids, may serve as biocontrol agents Or remain as saprophytes with roles in decaying and recycling of soil organic matter. R. solani displays several hyphal anastomosis groups (AG) with distinct host and pathogenic specializations. Even though there are reports on the physiological and histological basis of Rhizoctonia-host interactions, very little is known about the molecular biology and control of gene expression early during infection by this pathogen. Proteomic technologies are powerful tools for examining alterations in protein profiles. To aid studies on its biology and host pathogen interactions, a two-dimensional (2-D) gel-based global proteomic study has been initiated. To develop an optimized protein extraction protocol for R.solani, we compared two previously reported protein extraction protocols for 2-D gel analysis of R. solani (AG-4) isolate Rs23. Both TCA-acetone precipitation and phosphate solubilization before TCA-acetone precipitation worked well for R. solani protein extraction, although selective enrichment of some proteins was noted with either method. About 450 spots could be detected with the densitiometric tracing of Coomassie blue-stained 2-D PAGE gels covering pH 4-7 and 6.5-205 kDa. Selected protein spots were subjected to mass spectrometric analysis with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Eleven protein spots were positively identified based on peptide mass fingerprinting match with fungal proteins in public databases with the Mascot search engine. These results testify to the suitability of the two optimized protein extract-ion protocols for 2D proteomic studies of R. solani. C1 [Lakshman, Dilip K.] USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Natarajan, Savithiry S.; Lakshman, Sukla] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Garrett, Wesley M.] Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Dhar, Arun K.] Adv Bionutr Corp, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. RP Lakshman, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Dilip.Lakshman@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service [1275-21000-223-00D, 1230-22000-019-00D] FX Financial support for this research was provided by the Agricultural Research Service (Projects 1275-21000-223-00D and 1230-22000-019-00D). We thank Drs. John Hammond and Leslie Wanner for critical review of the manuscript. NR 55 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 14 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 100 IS 6 BP 867 EP 875 DI 10.3852/08-065 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 390TA UT WOS:000262185400005 PM 19202841 ER PT J AU Donahoo, RS Lamour, KH AF Donahoo, Ryan S. Lamour, Kurt H. TI Interspecific hybridization and apomixis between Phytophthora capsici and Phytophthora tropicalis SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE apomixes; interspecific hybrids; oospore germination; Phytophthora capsici ID SPATIOTEMPORAL GENETIC-STRUCTURE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MELTING ANALYSIS; DNA; MITOCHONDRIAL; NUCLEAR; DIVERSITY; BOOTSTRAP; INFESTANS; PUMPKIN AB Phytophthora capsici and the closely related Phytophthora tropicalis infect different hosts that have documented overlapoing geographical distributions. Phytophthora capsici attacks annual vegetable hosts whereas PO. tropicalis has been recovered from woody perennial hosts. Our objective was to test whether interspecific hybridization is possible and to characterize the resulting progeny.Crosses were made between P.capsici (LT263) from pumpkin to P. tropicalis from rhododendron (LT232) and to P. tropicalis from Theobroma cacao (LT12). The wild type isolates were analyzed for mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence diveristy and progeny were tested for mating type (MT), AFLP marker profiles and mitochondrial DNA haplotype (mtDNA type). All oopsore progeny from LT263 x LT12 were identical to LT263 whereas progeny from LT263 X LT232 were parental as well as hybrid. Hybrid progeny had either one or the other parent mtDNA type and there was no correlation between MT and mtDNA type. Attempts to generate all F(2) population from the hybrids proved unsuccessful while a backcross to the P. capsici parent produced hybrid progeny. These results demonstrate that apomixis might play a significant role in species separation and that hybridization between P. capsici and P. tropicalis is possible beyond the F(1) generation. C1 [Donahoo, Ryan S.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Lamour, Kurt H.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Donahoo, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM RYAN.DONAHOO@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 100 IS 6 BP 911 EP 920 DI 10.3852/08-028 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 390TA UT WOS:000262185400009 PM 19202845 ER PT J AU Jaklitsch, WM Poldmaa, K Samuels, GJ AF Jaklitsch, Walter M. Poldmaa, Kadri Samuels, Gary J. TI Reconsideration of Protocrea (Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Ascomycetes; Gliocladium; Hypocrea; Hypocreales; ITS; LSU; morphology; phylogeny; rpb2; sequence analysis; systematics; tef1 ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SP NOV.; HYPOCREA/TRICHODERMA; CLASSIFICATION; SEQUENCES; INFERENCE; TAXONOMY; SUBUNIT; MRBAYES; GENERA AB The genus Protocrea is redefined, based on holotype and fresh specimens of its type species R farinosa, using morphology of teleomorph and anamorph and phylogenetic analyses of rpb2 sequences. Data based on currently available specimens Suggest the existence of three well defined and three Still unnamed species. Apart from the type, P. farinosa, none of the species originally included are accepted in the genus. Species of Protocrea are characterized by perithecia formed in or on a subiculum, bicellular ascospores that disarticulate at the septum while still in the ascus and by anamorphs belonging to Gliocladium sensu stricto. For Hypocrea farinosa, sensu auct. the new species H. decipiens is introduced. Hypocrea pallida is recognized as a species of Protocrea. It is closely related to P. farinosa, morphologically, phylogenetically and by habit. Protocrea. illinoensis is described here as the sister taxon of P. farinosa found in the USA. All species are polyporicolous, with the principal hosts Skeletocutis nivea for P. farinosa and P. illinoensis, and species of For P. pallida. In addition to hosts the main differences among these species are a stronger (orange) pigmentation of perithecia and subiculum in P. pallida. and a violaceous KOH reaction in P. pallida and P. illinoensis. P. farinosa is known only from Europe with certainty and R illinoensis only from the USA, while P. pallida is probably cosmopolitan. Putative synonymy Of Some similar species is discussed. C1 [Jaklitsch, Walter M.] Univ Vienna, Fac Ctr Systemat Bot, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. [Poldmaa, Kadri] Univ Tartu, Nat Hist Museum, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. [Samuels, Gary J.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jaklitsch, WM (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Fac Ctr Systemat Bot, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. EM walter.jaklitsch@univie.ac.at RI Jaklitsch, Walter/B-4970-2013 FU Austrian Science Fund [P19143-B17]; Estonian Science Foundation [6939] FX We thank the curators of BPI, FH, K and NY for the loan of the type and many other specimens of P. farinosa, P. pallida and others, We thank Thomas Laessoe, Walter Gains and Hermann Voglmayr for providing fresh specimens and Erast Parmasto for the identification of hosts in many of the American and Estonian collections. We thank Gams also for support in nomenclatural issues. The financial support by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF Proiect P19143-B17) to WMJ and by the Estonian Science Foundation (grant No. 6939) to KP is gratefully acknowledged. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 EI 1557-2536 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 100 IS 6 BP 962 EP 984 DI 10.3852/08-101 PG 23 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 390TA UT WOS:000262185400014 PM 19202850 ER PT J AU Hanada, RE Souza, TD Pomella, AWV Hebbar, KP Pereira, JO Ismaiel, A Samuels, GJ AF Hanada, Rogerio E. Souza, T. de Jorge Pomella, Alan W. V. Hebbar, K. Prakash Pereira, Jose O. Ismaiel, Adnan Samuels, Gary J. TI Trichoderma martiale sp nov., a new endophyte from sapwood of Theobroma cacao with a potential for biological control SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Brazil; Black pod disease; Cacao; Diversity; Hypocrea; Hypocreales; New species; Phytophthora; Plant disease; Systematics ID TROPICAL FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; COCOA; SYSTEMATICS; DISEASES AB The new species Trichoderma martiale was isolated as an endophyte from sapwood in trunks of Theobroma cacao (cacao, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Based on sequences of translation-elongation factor I-alpha (tef1) and RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2) T. martiale is a close relative of, and morphologically similar to, T. viride, but differs in the production of discrete pustules on corn meal-dextrose agar (CMD) and SNA, in having a faster rate of growth, and in being a tropical endophyte. This new species was shown, in small-scale, in situ field assays, to limit black pod rot of cacao caused by Phytophthora palmivora, the cause of black pod disease. (C) 2008 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ismaiel, Adnan; Samuels, Gary J.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hanada, Rogerio E.] CPPF, INPA, BR-69083000 Manaus, AM, Brazil. [Souza, T. de Jorge] Univ Fed Reconcavo Bahia, CCAAB, BR-44380000 Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil. [Pomella, Alan W. V.] Sementes Farroupilha, BR-38702054 Patos De Minas, MG, Brazil. [Hebbar, K. Prakash] Mars, Hackettstown, NJ 07840 USA. [Pereira, Jose O.] Univ Fed Amazonas UFAM, FCA, BR-69077000 Manaus, AM, Brazil. RP Samuels, GJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Rm 304,B-011A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gary.samuels@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 112 BP 1335 EP 1343 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2008.06.022 PN 11 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 379AX UT WOS:000261368000007 PM 18672059 ER PT J AU Gebremariam, EB Yembilah, R Kowsar, SA Eswaran, H Djibrilla, NF Stuiver, M Toure, T Mensha, T Wambuguh, O AF Gebremariam, Eyob Balcha Yembilah, Rita Kowsar, Sayyed Ahang Eswaran, Hari Djibrilla, Noura Fatchima Stuiver, Marian Toure, Tenin Mensha, Todzro Wambuguh, Oscar TI Experts address the question:"Are women more severely affected by desertification, . . . and if so, how?" SO NATURAL RESOURCES FORUM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Yembilah, Rita] Univ Calgary, Dept Geog, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Kowsar, Sayyed Ahang] Fars Res Ctr Agr & Nat Resources, Shiraz, Iran. [Eswaran, Hari] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Djibrilla, Noura Fatchima] ANSEN, Niamey, Niger. [Stuiver, Marian] Univ Amsterdam, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Toure, Tenin] ONGAct Aides Familles Demunies, Statut Consultat Special ECOSOC, Bamako, Mali. [Mensha, Todzro] Friends Earth, Lome, Togo. [Wambuguh, Oscar] Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Hlth Sci, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0165-0203 J9 NAT RESOUR FORUM JI Nat. Resour. Forum PD NOV PY 2008 VL 32 IS 4 BP 343 EP 346 DI 10.1111/j.1477-8947.2008.00208.x PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 374VB UT WOS:000261070700007 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Mejia, RO Newman, JW Toh, S Yu, GQ Zhou, YU Halabisky, B Cisse, M Scearce-Levie, K Cheng, IH Gan, L Palop, JJ Bonventre, JV Mucke, L AF Sanchez-Mejia, Rene O. Newman, John W. Toh, Sandy Yu, Gui-Qiu Zhou, Yungui Halabisky, Brian Cisse, Moustapha Scearce-Levie, Kimberly Cheng, Irene H. Gan, Li Palop, Jorge J. Bonventre, Joseph V. Mucke, Lennart TI Phospholipase A(2) reduction ameliorates cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease SO NATURE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AMPA RECEPTOR TRAFFICKING; AMYLOID-BETA; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; BRAIN; INVOLVEMENT; MECHANISMS; PEPTIDE; NEURODEGENERATION AB Neuronal expression of familial Alzheimer's disease-mutant human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) and hAPP-derived amyloid-beta (A beta) peptides causes synaptic dysfunction, inflammation and abnormal cerebrovascular tone in transgenic mice. Fatty acids may be involved in these processes, but their contribution to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis is uncertain. We used a lipidomics approach to generate a broad profile of fatty acids in brain tissues of hAPP-expressing mice and found an increase in arachidonic acid and its metabolites, suggesting increased activity of the group IV isoform of phospholipase A(2) (GIVA-PLA(2)). The levels of activated GIVA-PLA(2) in the hippocampus were increased in individuals with Alzheimer's disease and in hAPP mice. A beta caused a dose-dependent increase in GIVA-PLA(2) phosphorylation in neuronal cultures. Inhibition of GIVA-PLA(2) diminished A beta-induced neurotoxicity. Genetic ablation or reduction of GIVA-PLA(2) protected hAPP mice against A beta-dependent deficits in learning and memory, behavioral alterations and premature mortality. Inhibition of GIVA-PLA(2) may be beneficial in the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease. C1 [Sanchez-Mejia, Rene O.; Toh, Sandy; Yu, Gui-Qiu; Zhou, Yungui; Halabisky, Brian; Cisse, Moustapha; Scearce-Levie, Kimberly; Cheng, Irene H.; Gan, Li; Palop, Jorge J.; Mucke, Lennart] Gladstone Inst Neurol Dis, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Sanchez-Mejia, Rene O.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurosurg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Newman, John W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Newman, John W.] USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Toh, Sandy; Mucke, Lennart] Univ Calif San Francisco, Neurosci Grad Training Program, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Bonventre, Joseph V.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Mucke, Lennart] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Mucke, L (reprint author), Gladstone Inst Neurol Dis, 1650 Owens St, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. EM rene_sanchez@post.harvard.edu; lmucke@gladstone.ucsf.edu RI Palop, Jorge/D-8128-2011 FU US National Institutes of Health (NIH) [AG011385, AG022074, NS041787, AG028233]; US NIH/National Center for Research Resources [CO6RR018928]; US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service [5306-51530-016-00D]; NIH National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK 054741] FX We thank the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at University of California San Francisco for postmortem brain tissues; T. Wu, A. Thwin and H. Solanoy for technical support; C. McCulloch for help with statistical analysis; G. Howard and S. Ordway for editorial review; J. Carroll and C. Goodfellow for preparation of graphics; and D. McPherson for administrative assistance. The study was supported by US National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants AG011385, AG022074 and NS041787 to L. M., AG028233 to R.O.S.-M. and US NIH/National Center for Research Resources grant CO6RR018928 to the J. David Gladstone Institutes. Additional support was provided by the US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service 5306-51530-016-00D to J.W.N. and from the NIH National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases DK 054741 to J. V. B. NR 50 TC 165 Z9 168 U1 4 U2 25 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1097-6256 J9 NAT NEUROSCI JI Nat. Neurosci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1311 EP 1318 DI 10.1038/nn.2213 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 366HZ UT WOS:000260472700020 PM 18931664 ER PT J AU Copeland, CS Matthews, RW Gonzalez, JM Aluja, M Sivinski, J AF Copeland, Claudia S. Matthews, Robert W. Gonzalez, Jorge M. Aluja, Martin Sivinski, John TI Wolbachia in Two Populations of Melittobia digitata Dahms (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) SO NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Parasitoid; chalcidoid; endosymbiont; horizontal transmission ID INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; WSP GENE-SEQUENCES; SEX-RATIO; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; PARASITOID WASP; SURFACE PROTEIN; PHYLOGENY; INFECTION; INSECTS; ENDOSYMBIONTS AB We investigated two populations of Melittobia digitata Dahms, a gregarious parasitoid (primarily upon a wide range of solitary bees, wasps, and flies), in search of Wolbachia infection. The first population, from Xalapa, Mexico, was originally collected from and reared on Mexican fruit fly pupae, Anastrepha ludens Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae); the other, from Athens, Georgia, was collected from and reared on prepupae of mud dauber wasps, Trypoxylon politum Say (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae). PCR studies of the ITS2 region corroborated that both parasitoid populations were the same species; this potentially provides a useful molecular taxonomic profile since females of Melittobia species are superficially similar. Amplification of the Wolbachia surface protein gene (wsp)confirmed the presence of this endosymbiont in both populations. Sequencing revealed that the Wolbachia harbored in both populations exhibited a wsp belonging to a unique subgroup (denoted here as Dig) within the B-supergroup of known wsp genes. This new subgroup of wsp may either belong to a different strain of Wolbachia from those previously found to infect Melittobia or may be the result of a recombination event. In either case, known hosts of Wolbachia with a wsp of this subgroup are only distantly related taxonomically. Reasons are advanced as to why Melittobia-an easily reared and managed parasitoid - holds promise as an instructive model organism of Wolbachia infection amenable to the investigation of Wolbachia strains among its diverse hosts. C1 [Copeland, Claudia S.; Sivinski, John] ARS, USDA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Matthews, Robert W.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gonzalez, Jorge M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Aluja, Martin] Inst Ecol AC, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Copeland, CS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CMAVE, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM cclaudia@bioinf.uni-leipzig.de; rmatthew@uga.edu; jmgonzalez@neo.tamu.edu; martin.aluja@inecol.edu.mx; john.sivinski@ars.usda.gov FU Mexican Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [CONACyT - SEP-2004-46846-Q, CONACyT 79449]; Mexican Campana Nacional contra las Moscas de la Fruta (Secretar a de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Desarrollo Rural y Pesca - Instituto Interamericano de Cooperacion para la Agricultura [SAGARPA-IICA]),; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS); Instituto de Ecologia FX We thank Dario Garcia-Medel for maintaining the M. digitata colony in Mexico, and we thank Alberto Anzures for helpful comments on the manuscript. Martin Aluja acknowledges financial support furnished by the Mexican Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (Projects CONACyT - SEP-2004-46846-Q and CONACyT 79449 [Sabbatical Year Fellowship]), Mexican Campana Nacional contra las Moscas de la Fruta (Secretar a de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Desarrollo Rural y Pesca - Instituto Interamericano de Cooperacion para la Agricultura [SAGARPA-IICA]), the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS), and the Instituto de Ecologia, A. C. We acknowledge financial support in the form of a USDA/ARS headquarters postdoctoral fellowship to C. S. Copeland. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC BRASIL PI LONDRINA, PA CAIXA POSTAL 481, 86001-970 LONDRINA,, PR, BRAZIL SN 1519-566X EI 1678-8052 J9 NEOTROP ENTOMOL JI Neotrop. Entomol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 6 BP 633 EP 640 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 398ST UT WOS:000262752500002 PM 19169549 ER PT J AU Duffy, KB Spangler, EL Devan, BD Guo, ZH Bowker, JL Janas, AM Hagepanos, A Minor, RK DeCabo, R Mouton, PR Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA Ingram, DK AF Duffy, Kara B. Spangler, Edward L. Devan, Bryan D. Guo, Zhihong Bowker, Jonna L. Janas, Anne M. Hagepanos, Adrienne Minor, Robin K. DeCabo, Rafael Mouton, Peter R. Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Joseph, James A. Ingram, Donald K. TI A blueberry-enriched diet provides cellular protection against oxidative stress and reduces a kainate-induced learning impairment in rats SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Article DE flavanoid; neurotoxicity; nutrition; memory; glutamate; hippocampus; Alzheimer's disease ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; AGED RATS; MEMORY CONSOLIDATION; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; KAINIC ACID AB Young male Fischer-344 rats were fed a diet containing 2% blueberry (BB) extract or control diet for at least 8 weeks and then received bilateral hippocampal injections of kainic acid (KA 200 ng/0.5 mu l) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). One week later rats were trained in one-way active footshock avoidance in a straight runway followed the next day by training in a footshock motivated 14-unit T-maze with documented sensitivity to hippocampal glutamatergic manipulations. Based on analyses of several performance variables, KA-treated rats exhibited clearly impaired learning performance; however. the BB diet significantly reduced this impairment. Supporting the behavioral findings. stereological assessment of CA1 pyramidal neurons documented greater neuronal loss in KA-treated controls compared to KA-treated rats on the BB diet. In an in vitrio experiment, FaO cells grown in medium supplemented with serum from BB-fed rats had enhanced viability after exposure to hydrogen peroxide. These findings suggest that BB supplementation may protect against neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment mediated by excitotoxicity and oxidative stress. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Ingram, Donald K.] Louisiana State Univ Syst, Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Nutr Neurosci & Aging Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Duffy, Kara B.; Spangler, Edward L.; Devan, Bryan D.; Bowker, Jonna L.; Janas, Anne M.; Minor, Robin K.; DeCabo, Rafael; Mouton, Peter R.; Ingram, Donald K.] NIA, Lab Expt Geront, Intramural Res Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Guo, Zhihong; Hagepanos, Adrienne] NIA, Neurosci Lab, Intramural Res Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Shukitt-Hale, Barbara; Joseph, James A.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ingram, DK (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ Syst, Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Nutr Neurosci & Aging Lab, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. EM Donald.Ingram@pbrc.edu RI de Cabo, Rafael/E-7996-2010; de Cabo, Rafael/J-5230-2016; OI de Cabo, Rafael/0000-0002-3354-2442; , rafael/0000-0003-2830-5693 FU National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; United States Department of Agriculture; NASA [NAG9-1529]; U.S. Highbush Blueberry Council (USHBC); Wild Blueberry Association of North America (WBANA) FX This research was supported in part by funds from the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, and also in part by the United States Department of Agriculture and NASA Grant NAG9-1529 to J.A. Joseph. The laboratory of J.A. Joseph also receives research support from the U.S. Highbush Blueberry Council (USHBC) and the Wild Blueberry Association of North America (WBANA). NR 72 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD NOV PY 2008 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1680 EP 1689 DI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.04.002 PG 10 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 356JP UT WOS:000259774800007 PM 17524525 ER PT J AU Cronn, R Liston, A Parks, M Gernandt, DS Shen, R Mockler, T AF Cronn, Richard Liston, Aaron Parks, Matthew Gernandt, David S. Shen, Rongkun Mockler, Todd TI Multiplex sequencing of plant chloroplast genomes using Solexa sequencing-by-synthesis technology SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MITOCHONDRIAL; DIVERSITY; SELECTION; TORTOISE; HARE; ORGANIZATION; ARABIDOPSIS; POPULATIONS; ANGIOSPERMS AB Organellar DNA sequences are widely used in evolutionary and population genetic studies, however, the conservative nature of chloroplast gene and genome evolution often limits phylogenetic resolution and statistical power. To gain maximal access to the historical record contained within chloroplast genomes, we have adapted multiplex sequencing-by-synthesis (MSBS) to simultaneously sequence multiple genomes using the Illumina Genome Analyzer. We PCR-amplified 120 kb plastomes from eight species (seven Pinus, one Picea) in 35 reactions. Pooled products were ligated to modified adapters that included 3 bp indexing tags and samples were multiplexed at four genomes per lane. Tagged microreads were assembled by de novo and reference-guided assembly methods, using previously published Pinus plastomes as surrogate references. Assemblies for these eight genomes are estimated at 8894 complete, with an average sequence depth of 55 to 186. Mononucleotide repeats interrupt contig assembly with increasing repeat length, and we estimate that the limit for their assembly is 16 bp. Comparisons to 37 kb of Sanger sequence show a validated error rate of 0.056, and conspicuous errors are evident from the assembly process. This efficient sequencing approach yields high-quality draft genomes and should have immediate applicability to genomes with comparable complexity. C1 [Cronn, Richard] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Liston, Aaron; Parks, Matthew; Shen, Rongkun; Mockler, Todd] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Liston, Aaron; Shen, Rongkun; Mockler, Todd] Oregon State Univ, Ctr Genome Res & Biocomp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gernandt, David S.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Dept Bot, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Cronn, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rcronn@fs.fed.us RI Mockler, Todd/L-2609-2013; OI Mockler, Todd/0000-0002-0462-5775; Cronn, Richard/0000-0001-5342-3494 FU National Science Foundation [ATOL-0629508, DEB-0317103]; Oregon State University College of Science; Oregon State University College of Agriculture; US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station FX We thank Mariah Parker-deFeniks and Sarah Sundholm for laboratory assistance, John Reeves, Uranbileg Daalkhaijav and Daniel Zerbino for bioinformatics assistance, and Chris Campbell for unpublished data from Picea. We also thank Mark Dasenko, Scott Givan and Chris Sullivan of the OSU Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing. National Science Foundation grants (ATOL-0629508 and DEB-0317103 to A. L. and R. C.); Oregon State University College of Science; Oregon State University College of Agriculture; US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. Funding to pay the Open Access publication charges for this article was provided by the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. NR 42 TC 185 Z9 193 U1 2 U2 40 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 36 IS 19 AR e122 DI 10.1093/nar/gkn502 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 373PA UT WOS:000260983000001 PM 18753151 ER PT J AU Sistani, KR McLaughlin, MR Brink, GE AF Sistani, K. R. McLaughlin, M. R. Brink, G. E. TI Soil nutrient evaluation from swine effluent application to five forage-system practices SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Forage; Swine effluent; Nutrient; Nitrogen; Phosphorus ID LAGOON EFFLUENT; COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS; LITTER APPLICATIONS; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; YIELD; GRASSES; MANURE; QUALITY AB Many contract swine producers are located in the southeastern U.S. In this region almost all of the swine effluent from swine production is applied to warm-season perennial species such as bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] which is widely grown for summer grazing and hay production. A 3-yr study was conducted to investigate the impact of forage double-cropping on nutrient accumulation and leaching in Mantachie fine loam soil fertilized with swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) lagoon effluent as the source of plant nutrients. Plots of previously established Tifton 44 bermudagrass were overseeded in the fall with one of four winter annuals: berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.); crimson clover (T. incarnatum L.); ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.); or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Four plots of bermudagrass were not overseeded and considered as control. Plots were harvested in spring for cool-season annual hay and in summer for bermudagrass hay. Swine effluent was applied during spring and summer on a need base. Suction lysimeters were installed in selected plots at two depths to monitor nutrient leaching. Surface soil samples were taken to determine baseline nutrient contents, followed by three other sampling dates during the study. Bermudagrass dry matter production (3-yr average = 9.8 Mg ha(-1)) was not adversely affected by the overseeding treatments. Greatest dry matter production was achieved with bermudagrass overseeded with ryegrass (3-yr average = 11.3 Mg ha(-1)). Soil pH decreased by almost one unit by the end of the study. While total P (TP) did not change much, Mehlich-3 P (M3-P), K, Cu, and Zn increased significantly, Mg and Mn concentrations decreased by 2002 compared to the baseline levels. Soil P, Mg, K, Fe, Mn, and Zn accumulation were greater under bermudagrass/wheat combination. In general, the influence of double cropping on soil nutrient accumulation was not conclusive, however, this practice provides the year-round green forage for grazing and haying. Nutrient concentrations in soil and lysimeter leachate were directly related to the quantity of effluent applied. Results also demonstrated that effluent application must be coordinated with the nutrient requirements of the growing forages in order to minimize accumulation and leaching. C1 [Sistani, K. R.] USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [McLaughlin, M. R.] USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Brink, G. E.] USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53703 USA. RP Sistani, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, 230 Bennett LN, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM karamat.sistani@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 82 IS 3 BP 265 EP 271 DI 10.1007/s10705-008-9188-9 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 367HD UT WOS:000260542200005 ER PT J AU Spargo, JT Alley, MM Follett, RF Wallace, JV AF Spargo, John T. Alley, Marcus M. Follett, Ronald F. Wallace, James V. TI Soil nitrogen conservation with continuous no-till management SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE No-till; N Cycling; N-Use efficiency; Biosolids ID ORGANIC-CARBON SEQUESTRATION; USE EFFICIENCY; CROPPING SYSTEMS; GREAT-PLAINS; MATTER; CORN; FERTILIZER; WHEAT; MINERALIZATION; AGROECOSYSTEMS AB Tillage management is an important regulator of organic matter decomposition and N mineralization in agroecosystems. Tillage has resulted in the loss of considerable organic N from surface soils. There is potential to rebuild and conserve substantial amounts of soil N where no-till management is implemented in crop production systems. The objectives of our research were to measure N conservation rate with continuous no-till management of grain cropping systems and evaluate its impact on mineralizable and inorganic soil N. Samples were collected from 63 sites in production fields using a rotation of corn (Zea mays L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)-double-crop soybean (Glysine max L.) across three soil series [Bojac (Coarse-loamy, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults), Altavista (Fine-loamy, mixed semiactive, thermic Aquic Hapludults), and Kempsville (Fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludults)] with a history of continuous no-till that ranged from 0 to 14 yrs. Thirty-two of the sites had a history of biosolids application. Soil cores were collected at each site from 0-2.5, 2.5-7.5 and 7.5-15 cm and analyzed for total N, Illinois soil N test-N (ISNT-N), and [NH(4) + NO(3)]-N. A history of biosolids application increased the concentration of total soil N by 154 +/- 66.8 mg N kg(-1)(310 +/- 140 kg N ha(-1)) but did not increase ISNT-N in the surface 0-15 cm. Continuous no-till increased the concentration of total soil N by 9.98 mg N kg(-1) year(-1) (22.2 +/- 21.2 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)) and ISNT-N by 1.68 mg N kg(-1) year(-1) in the surface 0-15 cm. The implementation of continuous no-till management in this cropping system has resulted in conservation of soil N. C1 [Spargo, John T.; Alley, Marcus M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Follett, Ronald F.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Wallace, James V.] Colonial Soil & Water Conservat Dist, Quinton, VA 23141 USA. RP Spargo, JT (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Smyth Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jspargo@vt.edu FU USDA-NRCS; Virginia Agricultural Council; Phillip Morris USA FX We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the producer cooperators for giving us access to farm fields to collect soil samples and providing us with management history. Without their assistance this work would not have been possible. Financial support for this research was provided by the USDA-NRCS through a Conservation Innovation Grant, the Virginia Agricultural Council, and Phillip Morris USA. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 82 IS 3 BP 283 EP 297 DI 10.1007/s10705-008-9190-2 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 367HD UT WOS:000260542200007 ER PT J AU Kimokoti, RW Hamer, DH AF Kimokoti, Ruth W. Hamer, Davidson H. TI Nutrition, health, and aging in sub-Saharan Africa SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE elderly; HIV/AIDS; nutrition; pension; sub-Saharan Africa ID IRON OVERLOAD; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SOUTH-AFRICANS; OLDER PERSONS; NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES; ELDERLY ZIMBABWEANS; HANDGRIP STRENGTH; DEVELOPING-WORLD; SCREENING TOOL; RURAL MALAWI AB The proportion of the population that is >= 60 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is increasing rapidly and is likely to constrain healthcare systems in the future. Nevertheless, the elderly are not a health policy priority for African countries. This paper reviews the nutritional and health status of older adults in SSA and their determinants. Literature was abstracted through the Medline, Google Scholar, and Dogpile databases using the following search terms: sub-Saharan Africa, older adults, nutrition, health. Findings showed that up to half (6-48%) of elderly Africans in SSA are underweight and almost a quarter (2.5-21%) are overweight, while 56% of older South Africans are obese. Low-quality diets contribute to poor nutritional status. Poverty, HIV/AIDS, and complex humanitarian emergencies are major determinants of undernutrition. Effective interventions need to consider socioeconomic, health, and demographic factors; social pensions may be the most cost-effective option for improving the health and nutritional status of the elderly in SSA. (C) 2008 International Life Sciences Institute C1 [Kimokoti, Ruth W.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Kimokoti, Ruth W.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Div Grad Med Sci, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Hamer, Davidson H.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Int Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Hamer, Davidson H.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Infect Dis Sect, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Hamer, Davidson H.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Hamer, Davidson H.] Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA USA. RP Kimokoti, RW (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family Med, 1 Boston Med Ctr Pl,Dowling 5, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM ruthkim@bu.edu OI Hamer, Davidson/0000-0002-4700-1495 NR 88 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 66 IS 11 BP 611 EP 623 DI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00113.x PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 365YT UT WOS:000260446700001 PM 19019023 ER PT J AU Sampath, V Havel, PJ King, JC AF Sampath, Vanitha Havel, Peter J. King, Janet C. TI Calcium Supplementation Does Not Alter Lipid Oxidation or Lipolysis in Overweight/Obese Women SO OBESITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2003 Annual Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA ID DIETARY CALCIUM; BODY-WEIGHT; FAT LOSS; DAIRY PROTEIN; ADULTS; RATS; MICE AB Based on cell culture and studies in mice, increased dietary calcium appears to stimulate lipolysis and could possibly reduce body adiposity through hormonal influences on adipocyte calcium uptake. In this study, we investigated the effects of 1,500 mg supplemental calcium daily for 3 months on hormones regulating calcium and energy metabolism and rates of lipid oxidation and lipolysis in overweight women. Fifteen overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m(2)) premenopausal women were supplemented with 1,500 mg of calcium, as CaCO3, per day for 3 months while maintaining their usual diets and activity levels. Baseline and endpoint measurements were obtained after the subjects consumed a standardized 25% fat diet for 4 days. Lipid oxidation was measured by indirect calorimetry, lipolysis by infusion of deuterated glycerol, and body fat by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Urinary calcium, circulating levels of hormones involved in energy and lipid metabolism (insulin, leptin, and adiponectin) or calcium metabolism (25(OH) D, 1,25(OH)(2) D), and parathyroid hormone (PTH)) were also measured. Urinary levels of calcium (P = 0.005) increased and 1,25(OH)(2) D declined (P = 0.03). However other parameters, including body weight, body fat, PTH, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, 25(OH) D, as well as rates of lipid oxidation and lipolysis were not altered by calcium supplementation. Calcium supplementation for 3 months increased urinary calcium excretion, decreased circulating levels of 1,25(OH)(2)-D, but had no effect on rates of lipid oxidation or lipolysis, in these overweight women. C1 [Havel, Peter J.; King, Janet C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sampath, Vanitha] Univ Calif Davis, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [King, Janet C.] Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. RP King, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jking@chori.org NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD NOV PY 2008 VL 16 IS 11 BP 2400 EP 2404 DI 10.1038/oby.2008.380 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 368OO UT WOS:000260631700003 PM 18719672 ER PT J AU Huang, TL Yu, WW AF Huang, T. L. Yu, W. W. TI Weight loss occurs over a decade prior to dementia diagnosis: comment on meta-analysis of obesity as a risk factor for dementia and its subtypes SO OBESITY REVIEWS LA English DT Letter ID INCIDENT DEMENTIA C1 [Huang, T. L.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Yu, W. W.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Huang, TL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM tina.huang@tufts.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-7881 J9 OBES REV JI Obes. Rev. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 9 IS 6 BP 631 EP 632 DI 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2008.00519.x PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 361AZ UT WOS:000260101200013 PM 18801008 ER PT J AU Orellana, RA Suryawan, A Kimball, SR Wu, GY Nguyen, HV Jefferson, LS Davis, TA AF Orellana, Renan A. Suryawan, Agus Kimball, Scot R. Wu, Guoyao Nguyen, Hanh V. Jefferson, Leonard S. Davis, Teresa A. TI Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle and Liver of Neonatal Pigs During Endotoxemia SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; TRANSLATION INITIATION; TNF-ALPHA; AMINO-ACIDS; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; MAMMALIAN TARGET; EARLY STEPS; MAP KINASE; RESISTANCE AB Sepsis has been associated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and nitric oxide (NO) overproduction, insulin resistance, and a profound suppression of muscle protein synthesis. However, lesser suppression of muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs Occurs in response to endotoxin (LPS) when glucose and amino acids are provided. We hypothesize that the LPS-induced TNF-alpha and NO overproduction down-regulates insulin signaling pathway activation in neonatal pigs in the presence of fed levels of insulin, glucose, and amino acids. In skeletal muscle, inducible NOS activity was increased in response to LPS infusion, but phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and protein kinase B, the association of IRS-1 with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase), and constitutive NOS activity were not altered. In liver, activation of the insulin receptor, IRS-1, and PI3-kinase were not affected by LPS, but p42 MAPK phosphorylation was increased. The absence of a down-regulation in the insulin signaling cascade in muscle despite the LPS-induced increase in TNF-a and muscle iNOS, may contribute to the near-maintenance of muscle protein synthesis rates in the presence Of glucose and amino acids in LPS-infused neonatal pigs. (Pediatr Res 64: 505-510, 2008) C1 [Orellana, Renan A.; Suryawan, Agus; Kimball, Scot R.; Nguyen, Hanh V.; Davis, Teresa A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kimball, Scot R.; Jefferson, Leonard S.] Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Wu, Guoyao] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wu, Guoyao] Texas A&M Univ, Fac Nutr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Orellana, RA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St,Room 9057, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM orellana@bcm.edu FU National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Skin Diseases [RO1-AR-44474, K08-AR-51563]; United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-6-001]; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2008-35206-18764] FX Supported, in part by grants from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases RO1-AR-44474 (Davis) and the United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Cooperative Agreement no. 58-6250-6-001 (Davis), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases K08-AR-51563 (Orellana), and National Research Initiative Competitive Grant (2008-35206-18764) from the USDA Cooperative State Research. Education, and Extension Service (Wu and Davis). NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 W CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 64 IS 5 BP 505 EP 510 DI 10.1203/PDR.0b013e318183fd4c PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 365JC UT WOS:000260400800009 PM 18596577 ER PT J AU Neto, ALD Schmidt, M Hartman, GL Li, SX Diers, BW AF de Farias Neto, Austeclinio Lopes Schmidt, Michael Hartman, Glen Lee Li, Shuxian Diers, Brian Willians TI Inoculation methods under greenhouse conditions for evaluating soybean resistance to sudden death syndrome SO PESQUISA AGROPECUARIA BRASILEIRA LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; Fusarium solani; Fusarium virguliforme; cone inoculation method; SDS; symptom severity; tray inoculation method ID FUSARIUM-SOLANI; FIELD-RESISTANCE; REGISTRATION AB The objectives of this work were to evaluate two greenhouse screening methods for sudden death syndrome (SDS) and to determine which one is best correlated with field resistance of soybean genotypes. The evaluations were done with three sets of genotypes that were classified as partially resistant, intermediate, and susceptible to SDS based on previous field evaluations. These three sets were independently evaluated for greenhouse SDS reactions using cone and tray inoculation methods. Plants were infected using grains of white sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] infested with Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines. Foliar symptom severity was rated 21 days after emergence. The cone and field SDS ratings were significantly correlated and ranged from 0.69 forset 1 to 0.51 forset 3. Correlations of SDS ratings of genotypes between field and greenhouse tray ratings were significant forset 1 and not significant for set 2. The cone method showed the highest correlation with field results and is recommended to screen soybean genotypes for SDS resistance. C1 [de Farias Neto, Austeclinio Lopes] Embrapa Cerrados, BR-73310970 Planaltina, DF, Brazil. [Schmidt, Michael] So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Gen Agr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Hartman, Glen Lee; Diers, Brian Willians] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Li, Shuxian] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Neto, ALD (reprint author), Embrapa Cerrados, Rodovia BR-020,Km 17, BR-73310970 Planaltina, DF, Brazil. EM auster@cpac.embrapa.br; mesch@siu.edu; hartman@uiuc.edu; shuxian.li@ars.usda.gov; bdiers@uiuc.edu FU Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior; Embrapa; Illinois Soybean Association; United Soy bean Board FX To Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior and to Embrapa, for support; to the Illinois Soybean Association and to the United Soy bean Board, for research support and grants; to Dr. David Light foot, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA, for providing the recombinant in breedlines (RILs) of set 1. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU EMPRESA BRASIL PESQ AGROPEC PI BRASILIA DF PA EMBRAPA INFORMACAO TECNOLOGICA, PESQUISA AGROPECUARIA BRASILEIRA - PAB, CAIXA POSTAL 040315, 70770-901 BRASILIA DF, BRAZIL SN 0100-204X EI 1678-3921 J9 PESQUI AGROPECU BRAS JI Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 43 IS 11 BP 1475 EP 1482 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 394IP UT WOS:000262440700005 ER PT J AU Ruefenacht, B Finco, MV Nelson, MD Czaplewski, R Helmer, EH Blackard, JA Holden, GR Lister, AJ Salajanu, D Weyermann, D Winterberger, K AF Ruefenacht, B. Finco, M. V. Nelson, M. D. Czaplewski, R. Helmer, E. H. Blackard, J. A. Holden, G. R. Lister, A. J. Salajanu, D. Weyermann, D. Winterberger, K. TI Conterminous US and Alaska Forest Type Mapping Using Forest Inventory and Analysis Data SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; DECISION TREES; ECOREGIONS MAP; CLASSIFIERS; RESOLUTION; IMAGERY AB Classification-trees were used to model forest type groups and forest types for the conterminous United States and Alaska. The predictor data were a geospatial data set with a spatial resolution of 250 m developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USFS). The response data were plot data from the USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis program. Overall accuracies for the conterminous U.S. for the forest type group and forest type were 69 percent (Kappa = 0.66) and 50 percent (Kappa = 0.57), respectively. The overall accuracies for Alaska for the forest type group and forest type were 78 percent (Kappa = 0.69) and 67 percent (Kappa = 0.61), respectively. This is the first forest type map produced for the U.S. The forest type group map is an update of a previous forest type group map created by Zhu and Evans (1994). C1 [Ruefenacht, B.; Finco, M. V.] USDA Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, W Valley City, UT 84119 USA. [Nelson, M. D.] USDA Forest Serv, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Czaplewski, R.] Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Helmer, E. H.] Int Inst Trop Forestry USDA Forest Serv, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Blackard, J. A.] US Army Corps Engineers, Ft Worth, TX 76102 USA. [Blackard, J. A.] Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Holden, G. R.] Cibola Natl Forest, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. [Holden, G. R.] USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Lister, A. J.] NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Salajanu, D.] So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. [Weyermann, D.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Winterberger, K.] Pacific NW Res Stn, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Ruefenacht, B (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Remote Sensing Applicat Ctr, 2222 West 2300 South, W Valley City, UT 84119 USA. EM bruefenachtz@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis; Forest Health Protection programs FX We would like to thank Michael Hoppus, Rachel Riemann, Dennis Jacobs, and Gretchen Moisen for their intellectual contributions and support. We also are grateful for the contributions and support of the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis and the Forest Health Protection programs. We appreciate the insightful comments of three anonymous reviewers, which greatly improved the Manuscript. NR 35 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 74 IS 11 BP 1379 EP 1388 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 370AH UT WOS:000260734500010 ER PT J AU Johnson, DM AF Johnson, David M. TI A Comparison of Coincident Landsat-5 TM and Resourcesat-1 AWiFS Imagery for Classifying Croplands SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER; CLASSIFICATION AB A comparison of land-cover maps, emphasizing row crop agriculture, resulting, from independent classifications of coincident Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Resourcesat-1 Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) imagery is presented. Three agriculturally intensive study areas within the midsection of the United States were, analyzed during the peak of their growing season. For each region the data were collected within the same hour during August 2005. Identical decision tree style classification methodologies relying oil ground truth from the June Agricultural Survey were applied to the image pairs for each of the three cases. The direct comparison of mapping accuracy results show, on average, the TM output to perform slightly better than that of the complimentary AWIFS. It is concluded A AWIFS is a valid alternative to TM for classifying cultivated agriculture in areas with reasonably large field sizes. Furthermore. ART'S offers increased benefits due to larger swath widths and shorter revisit frequencies. C1 Natl Agr Stat Serv, USDA, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Johnson, DM (reprint author), Natl Agr Stat Serv, USDA, 3251 Old Lee Highway,Suite 305, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM dave_johnson@nass.usda.gov NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 74 IS 11 BP 1413 EP 1423 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 370AH UT WOS:000260734500013 ER PT J AU DeRidder, BP Crafts-Brandner, SJ AF DeRidder, Benjamin P. Crafts-Brandner, Steven J. TI Chilling stress response of postemergent cotton seedlings SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE; ROOT HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; NET ASSIMILATION RATE; INDUCED WATER-STRESS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; ABSCISIC-ACID; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; CARBON METABOLISM; CO2 ASSIMILATION; GLYCINE BETAINE AB Early season development of cotton is often impaired by sudden episodes of chilling temperature. We determined the chilling response specific to postemergent 13-day-old cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Coker 100A-glandless) seedlings. Seedlings were gradually chilled during the dark period and rewarmed during the night-to-day transition. For some chilled plants, the soil temperature was maintained at control level. Plant growth, water relations and net photosynthesis (P(n)) were analyzed after one or three chilling cycles and after 3 days of recovery. Three chilling cycles led to lower relative growth rate (RGR) compared with controls during the recovery period, especially for plants with chilled shoots and roots. Treatment differences in RGR were associated with net assimilation rate rather than specific leaf area. Both chilling treatments led to loss of leaf turgor during the night-to-day transition; this effect was greater for plants with chilled compared with warm roots. Chilling-induced water stress was associated with accumulation of the osmolyte glycine betaine to the same extent for both chilling treatments. Inhibition of P(n) during chilling was related to both stomatal and non-stomatal effects. P(n) fully recovered after seedlings were returned to control conditions for 3 days. We conclude that leaf expansion during the night-to-day transition was a significant factor determining the magnitude of the chilling response of postemergent cotton seedlings. C1 [DeRidder, Benjamin P.] Grinnell Coll, Dept Biol, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. [Crafts-Brandner, Steven J.] ARS, USDA, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Crafts-Brandner, SJ (reprint author), BASF Plant Sci, 26 Davis Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM steven.crafts-brandner@basf.com NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 134 IS 3 BP 430 EP 439 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01147.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 358JQ UT WOS:000259913400006 PM 18573190 ER PT J AU Baker, CJ Whitaker, BD Mock, NM Rice, CP Roberts, DP Deahl, KL Ueng, PP Aver'yanov, AA AF Baker, C. Jacyn Whitaker, Bruce D. Mock, Norton M. Rice, Clifford P. Roberts, Daniel P. Deahl, Kenneth L. Ueng, Peter P. Aver'yanov, Andrey A. TI Differential induction of redox sensitive extracellular phenolic amides in potato SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apoplast; Phenolic amides; Tyramine; Pseudomonas syringae; Ralstonia solanacearum; Hydroxycinnamic acid amides; Coumaroyloctopamine; Feruloyloctopamine ID CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; PLANT SIGNAL MOLECULES; SYRINGAE PV SYRINGAE; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; ACCUMULATION; RECOGNITION; TOBACCO; LEAVES; BIOSYNTHESIS; METABOLISM AB This study focuses on the differential induction of extracellular phenolic amides that accumulate in potato cell suspensions during the first few hours of the interaction between these plant cells and either bacterial pathogens or pathogen-related elicitors. Using suspension cells of Solanum tuberosum we identified 4 hydroxycinnamic acid amides that accumulate in the extracellular environment. Treatment of the suspension cells with pathovars of the plant pathogens Pseudomonas syringae or Ralstonia solanacearum or with pathogen-related elicitors changed the composition of the extracellular phenolic amides within hours and the composition differed for each treatment. Some of the phenolic amides were sensitive to oxidative stress; when suspension cells were treated with bacterial strains or elicitors that triggered an oxidative burst, the phenolics were oxidized and depleted for the duration of the burst. Other critical parameters that affected the qualitative and quantitative makeup of these phenolic amides were plant cell age and density. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Baker, C. Jacyn; Mock, Norton M.; Ueng, Peter P.] USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rice, Clifford P.] USDA, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Whitaker, Bruce D.] USDA, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Roberts, Daniel P.] USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Deahl, Kenneth L.] USDA, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Aver'yanov, Andrey A.] Res Inst Phytopathol, B Vyazemy 143050, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Baker, CJ (reprint author), USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Bldg 004,Rm 119, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jacyn.baker@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 73 IS 4-5 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2009.03.003 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 488AR UT WOS:000269321400008 ER PT J AU Postinikova, E Baldwin, C Whitehouse, CA Sechler, A Schaad, NW Sampath, R Harpin, V Li, F Melton, R Blyn, L Drader, J Hofstadler, S Schneider, WL AF Postinikova, E. Baldwin, C. Whitehouse, C. A. Sechler, A. Schaad, N. W. Sampath, R. Harpin, V. Li, F. Melton, R. Blyn, L. Drader, J. Hofstadler, S. Schneider, W. L. TI Identification of Bacterial Plant Pathogens Using Multilocus Polymerase Chain Reaction/Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROARRAY-BASED DETECTION; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; PRODUCTS; CLEAVAGE; GENES; WATER AB Polymerase chain reaction/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS, previously known as "TIGER") utilizes PCR with broad-range primers to amplify products from a wide array of organisms within a taxonomic group, followed by analysis of PCR amplicons using mass spectrometry. Computer analysis of precise masses allows for calculations of base compositions for the broad-range PCR products, which can then be compared to a database for identification. PCR/ESI-MS has the benefits of PCR in sensitivity and high-throughput capacity, but also has the distinct advantage of being able to detect and identify organisms with no prior characterization or sequence data. Existing broad range PCR primers, designed with an emphasis on human pathogens, were tested for their ability to amplify DNA of well characterized phytobacterial strains, as well as to populate the existing PCR/ESI-MS bacterial database with base counts. In a blinded panel study, PCR/ESI-MS successfully identified 93% of unknown bacterial DNAs to the genus level and 73% to the species/subspecies level. Additionally, PCR/ESI-MS was capable of detecting and identifying multiple bacteria within the same sample. The sensitivity of PCR/ESI-MS was consistent with other PCR based assays, and the specificity varied depending on the bacterial species. Preliminary tests with real life samples demonstrate a high potential for using PCR/ESI-MS systems for agricultural diagnostic applications. C1 [Postinikova, E.; Sechler, A.; Schaad, N. W.; Schneider, W. L.] ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Baldwin, C.; Whitehouse, C. A.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Sampath, R.; Harpin, V.; Li, F.; Melton, R.; Blyn, L.; Drader, J.; Hofstadler, S.] ISIS Pharmaceut, Ibis Biosci Inc, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. RP Schneider, WL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM william.schneider@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NRI Plant Biosecurity Program [2005-35605-15391] FX We thank J. Lewis and M. James for assistance in nucleic acid preparations, and V. Damsteegt and K. Pedley for helpful comments on the manuscript. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Army. This work was supported by the USDA-NRI Plant Biosecurity Program grant 2005-35605-15391. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication (or page) is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 98 IS 11 BP 1156 EP 1164 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-98-11-1156 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 362VZ UT WOS:000260226600001 PM 18943403 ER PT J AU Strausbaugh, CA Wintermantel, WM Gillen, AM Eujayl, IA AF Strausbaugh, C. A. Wintermantel, W. M. Gillen, A. M. Eujayl, I. A. TI Curly Top Survey in the Western United States SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beet leafhopper; Beta vulgaris; Circulifer tenellus; geminivirus ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SENSE GENES; CFH STRAIN; VIRUS; GEMINIVIRUS; INFECTION; CURTOVIRUS; RESISTANCE; ISOLATE; PLANTS AB Curly top in sugar beet continues to be a challenging disease to control in the western United States. To aid in development of host resistance and management options, the curtovirus species composition was investigated by sampling 246 commercial fields along with nursery and field trials in the western United States. DNA was isolated from leaf samples and the species were identified using species-specific polymerase chain reaction primers for the C1 gene. Amplicons from 79 isolates were also sequenced to confirm identifications. Beet severe curly top virus (BSCTV) and Beet mild curly top virus (BMCTV) were widely distributed throughout the western United States, while only a few isolates of Beet curly top virus (BCTV) were found. In phylogenetic analysis, BSCTV, BMCTV, and BCTV isolates formed distinct groups in the dendrogram. Seven isolates not amplifiable with species-specific primers did amplify with curly top coat protein primers, indicating novel curtovirus species or strains may be present. Given the wide host range of the viruses responsible for curly top, frequent co-infections, and genetic diversity within and among species, establishing better host resistance, and controlling curly top will continue to be a challenge. C1 [Strausbaugh, C. A.; Eujayl, I. A.] USDA ARS, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Wintermantel, W. M.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Gillen, A. M.] USDA ARS, CGPRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Strausbaugh, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NWISRL, 3793 North,3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM Carl.Strausbaugh@ars.usda.gov OI Strausbaugh, Carl/0000-0001-6773-1375 FU United States Department of Agriculture CRIS [5368-21220-002-00D, 5305-22000-011-00D]; Western Sugar Cooperative-Joint Growers Research Committee FX These data support the objectives of the United States Department of Agriculture CRIS projects 5368-21220-002-00D and 5305-22000-011-00D. Partial support was provided by the Western Sugar Cooperative-Joint Growers Research Committee. We thank A. Anchieta, J. Doble, M. Funke, L. Hladky, and J. Smith for technical help; and the field representatives and management of Amalgamated Sugar Co., Spreckels Sugar Co., Western Sugar Coop., and Wyoming Sugar Co. for collecting field samples and sending them to us. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 98 IS 11 BP 1212 EP 1217 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-98-11-1212 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 362VZ UT WOS:000260226600008 PM 18943410 ER PT J AU Barna, B Smigocki, AC Baker, JC AF Barna, B. Smigocki, A. C. Baker, J. C. TI Transgenic Production of Cytokinin Suppresses Bacterially Induced Hypersensitive Response Symptoms and Increases Antioxidative Enzyme Levels in Nicotiana spp. SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; membrane lipids; oxidative burst ID PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; TOBACCO-LEAVES; ACTIVE OXYGEN; SENESCENCE; GENE; STRESS; AGE; ACCUMULATION; RECOGNITION; PEROXIDASE AB Responses of cytokinin overproducing transgenic Nicotiana plants to infections with compatible and incompatible Pseudomonas syringae pathovars were compared. Plants used were transformed with the ipt(isopentenyl transferase) gene that catalyzes the synthesis of cytokinin. In cytokinin overproducing lines that carry the ipt gene fused to the CaMV 35S (Nt+ipt), the wound-inducible proteinase inhibitor II (Ntx+ipt), or the light-inducible Rubisco small subunit protein (Npl+ipt) promoter, development of the hypersensitive response (HR) after infection with incompatible bacteria (P. syringae pv. tomato) was significantly inhibited as compared to the untransformed (Nt) controls. Over a 12 h period following inoculation, P. syrinage pv. tomato populations were slightly reduced in leaves of the cytokinin-overproducing Nt-ipt line compared with the Nt control. When the compatible P. syringae. pv. tabaci was used to infect the ipt transformed lines, slight or no significant differences in necrosis development were observed. Following infection, the titer of P. syringae pv. tabaci increased rapidly in both the transgenic and control lines but was higher in Nt+ipt plants. Leaf superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities were about 60% higher in ipt leaf extracts than in the controls. This augmented antioxidant capacity likely decreased the amount of H2O2 that may be associated with the higher tolerance of plants to pathogen-induced necrosis. In addition, the Nt+ipt lines had a significantly lower molar ratio of free sterols to phospholipids. The more stable membrane lipid composition and the higher antioxidant capacity likely contributed to the suppressed HR symptoms in the cytokinin overproducing Nt+ipt plants. In conclusion, the overproduction of cytokinins in tobacco appears to suppress the HR symptoms induced by incompatible bacteria. C1 [Barna, B.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Protect, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary. [Smigocki, A. C.; Baker, J. C.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Barna, B (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Protect, Herman 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary. EM bbar@nki.hu FU Hungarian Scientific Research Fund [OTKA T 48572]; OECD Research Fellowship FX The study was supported in part by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA T 48572) and an OECD Research Fellowship awarded to B. Barna. We thank N. Mock and E. Gyalokai for technical assistance. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 98 IS 11 BP 1242 EP 1247 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-98-11-1242 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 362VZ UT WOS:000260226600012 PM 18943414 ER PT J AU Li, PH Ainsworth, EA Leakey, ADB Ulanov, A Lozovaya, V Ort, DR Bohnert, HJ AF Li, Pinghua Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Leakey, Andrew D. B. Ulanov, Alexander Lozovaya, Vera Ort, Donald R. Bohnert, Hans J. TI Arabidopsis transcript and metabolite profiles: ecotype-specific responses to open-air elevated [CO2] SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis ecotypes; elevated CO2; FACE; metabolite profiling; transcript profiling ID GENE-EXPRESSION; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; THALIANA; PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LEAVES; OZONE; ACCUMULATION AB A Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment compared the physiological parameters, transcript and metabolite profiles of Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 (Col-0) and Cape Verde Island (Cvi-0) at ambient (similar to 0.375 mg g(-1)) and elevated (similar to 0.550 mg g(-1)) CO2 ([CO2]). Photoassimilate pool sizes were enhanced in high [CO2] in an ecotype-specific manner. Short-term growth at elevated [CO2] stimulated carbon gain irrespective of down-regulation of plastid functions and altered expression of genes involved in nitrogen metabolism resembling patterns observed under N-deficiency. The study confirmed well-known characteristics, but the use of a time course, ecotypic genetic differences, metabolite analysis and the focus on clusters of functional categories provided new aspects about responses to elevated [CO2]. Longer-term Cvi-0 responded by down-regulating functions favouring carbon accumulation, and both ecotypes showed altered expression of genes for defence, redox control, transport, signalling, transcription and chromatin remodelling. Overall, carbon fixation with a smaller commitment of resources in elevated [CO2] appeared beneficial, with the extra C only partially utilized possibly due to disturbance of the C : N ratio. To different degrees, both ecotypes perceived elevated [CO2] as a metabolic perturbation that necessitated increased functions consuming or storing photoassimilate, with Cvi-0 emerging as more capable of acclimating. Elevated [CO2] in Arabidopsis favoured adjustments in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and signalling that defined genotypic markers. C1 [Li, Pinghua; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Leakey, Andrew D. B.; Ort, Donald R.; Bohnert, Hans J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ulanov, Alexander; Lozovaya, Vera; Bohnert, Hans J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Leakey, Andrew D. B.; Ort, Donald R.; Bohnert, Hans J.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Ort, Donald R.] ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Bohnert, HJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bohnerth@life.uiuc.edu RI Bohnert, Hans/A-7104-2009; Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016 OI Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X FU NSF [DBI-0223905]; US-DOE; programme for Ecosystems Research [DE-FG02-04ER63849]; UIUC institutional grants FX We thank Jinke Shao for the help with the plants, Dong-ha Oh for the help with the figures, Steve Long and Tim Mies, UIUC, for advice, and Oliver Fiehn, UC Davis, for a metabolite library. This work has been supported by NSF DBI-0223905, US-DOE, programme for Ecosystems Research (DE-FG02-04ER63849), and UIUC institutional grants. NR 40 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0140-7791 EI 1365-3040 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1673 EP 1687 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01874.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 357AC UT WOS:000259817700013 PM 18721265 ER PT J AU Yan, GP Smiley, RW Okubara, PA Skantar, A Easley, SA Sheedy, JG Thompson, AL AF Yan, Guiping Smiley, Richard W. Okubara, Patricia A. Skantar, Andrea Easley, Sandra A. Sheedy, Jason G. Thompson, Alison L. TI Detection and Discrimination of Pratylenchus neglectus and P-thornei in DNA Extracts from Soil SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE detection sensitivity; DNA extraction; DNA purification ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ROOT-LESION NEMATODES; BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; GENUS PRATYLENCHUS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; RIBOSOMAL DNA; POTATO-TUBERS; PCR DETECTION; SCAR-PCR; IDENTIFICATION AB A species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed to detect and identify the root-lesion nematodes Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei front soil, A primer set was designed from Pratylenchus 28S rRNA gene sequences of the D3 expansion domain. primer specificity was confirmed with 23 isolates of 15 nematode species and other plant-parasitic and non-plant-parasitic nematodes typically present ill the soil communities. and with six fungal species commonly associated with wheat root rot. DNA obtained using it commercially available kit and a method developed in Our laboratory gave comparable amplification. PCR conditions were optimized and the two species were differentiated by PCR products of 144 bp for P. neglectus and 288 bp for P. thornei. With this assay, we detected it single juvenile in 1 g of sterile, inoculated soil. Examination of 30 field soil samples revealed that this method was applicable to a range of soils naturally infested with these two pathogens in Oregon. This PCR-based method is rapid. efficient. and reliable. does not require expertise in nematode taxonomy and morphology, and could be used as a rapid diagnostic tool for commercial and research applications for disease forecasting and management. C1 [Yan, Guiping; Smiley, Richard W.; Easley, Sandra A.; Sheedy, Jason G.; Thompson, Alison L.] Oregon State Univ, Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Okubara, Patricia A.] ARS, USDA, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Skantar, Andrea] ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Yan, GP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM guiping.yan@oregonstate.edu FU Oregon State University; Agricultural Research Foundation [ARF 7117]; USDA-ARS [SCA 58-5348-9-100, 5248-22000-012-00D] FX This research was supported by the Oregon State University, Agricultural Research Foundation project ARF 7117. and a contract with the USDA-ARS (SCA 58-5348-9-100, "Control of Root Diseases of Wheat and Barley"). and USDA-ARS Project No. 5248-22000-012-00D (P.A.O.). We thank S.H. Hulbert and C. Yin at Washington State University for use of the NanoDrop ND-1000 Spectrophotometer: A. liver S. Hafez. L. Carta Z. Handoo. W. Klassen, A. MacGuidwin. K. Merri-field. E Riga. and M. Mazzola for providing isolates of control nematodes and fungi: and C Watson for technical support. NR 40 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 92 IS 11 BP 1480 EP 1487 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-11-1480 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 362WB UT WOS:000260226800001 ER PT J AU Prasad, B Eizenga, GC AF Prasad, B. Eizenga, G. C. TI Rice Sheath Blight Disease Resistance Identified in Oryza spp. Accessions SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; INOCULATION; CULTIVARS AB Oryza spp.. wild relatives of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa), may contain novel resistance genes for sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani. that could be used to enhance resistance to this important disease in commercial rice. To identify resistant sources for sheath blight disease, 73 Oryza genotypes were evaluated with three different methods conducted in the greenhouse, growth chamber. or laboratory because there are significant limitations to screening wild Oryza spp. under field conditions. For the nucrochamber method. 4-week-old seedlings were 1110culated with a potato dextrose agar plug containing mycelia, covered with a 2-liter soft drink bottle. and rated I week after inoculation. A detached-leaf method involved placing a potato dextrose agar plug containing mycelia oil the abaxial surface of a leaf section that was cut from a 5-week-old plant and placed oil moist filter paper in a petri dish under constant light, then evaluated after 72 1). For the toothpick inoculation method, toothpicks colonized with mycelia were placed in the leaf collar region of plants at the particle initiation stage, plants were placed in a growth chamber. and disease symptoms were evaluated after 7 days. The microchamber method gave a more uniform. reproducible response. and was easier to use under greenhouse conditions. Seven Oryza spp. accessions were identified as moderately resistant with three accessions classified as O. nivara (IRGC104705, IRGC100898. and IRGC104443) and one each as O. barthii (IRGC100223). O. meridionalis (IRG105306). O. nivaralO. sativa (IRGC100943). and O. (officinalis (IRGC105979). C1 [Eizenga, G. C.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Prasad, B.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, D-72160 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Eizenga, GC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM georgia.eizenga@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 40 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 92 IS 11 BP 1503 EP 1509 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-11-1503 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 362WB UT WOS:000260226800005 ER PT J AU Klose, S Ajwa, HA Browne, GT Subbarao, KV Martin, FN Fennimore, SA Westerdahl, BB AF Klose, Susanne Ajwa, Husein A. Browne, Greg T. Subbarao, Krishna V. Martin, Frank N. Fennimore, Steve A. Westerdahl, Becky B. TI Dose Response of Weed Seeds, Plant-Parasitic Nematodes, and Pathogens to Twelve Rates of Metam Sodium in a California Soil SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE soil disinfestation ID METHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; ENHANCED BIODEGRADATION; ACCELERATED DEGRADATION; SOILBORNE PATHOGENS; FUMIGANTS; BROMIDE; TEMPERATURE; DRIP; CHLOROPICRIN AB Metam sodium (sodium N-methyl dithiocarbamate. metam-Na) is widely used in agricultural and floricultural production for controlling soilborne plant pathogens, parasitic nematodes, and weeds. It undergoes rapid decomposition to the biocide methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) in moist soils. In this study, the efficacy of 12 concentrations of metam-Na (10 to 2,650 mu mol kg(-1) soil) to control seeds or tubers of five major weed species. three soilborne pathogens, and one parasitic nematode was evaluated in a sandy loam soil under controlled conditions. Soils were exposed to the fumigant in microcosms for 24 h at 10 and 20 degrees C. Generation and dissipation curves of MITC in soil under controlled conditions showed that MITC concentrations in soils were highest 2 h after metam-Na application and decreased steadily over the 24-h incubation period. After 24 h, remaining., MITC concentrations in soil microcosms at 10 and 20 degrees C were 53 and 38% of the original amount applied. respectively. indicating a 20% reduction in MITC dissipation at the lower soil temperature. Logistic close-response models were used to estimate the effective concentration necessary to reduce soil pest viability by 50 (LC50) or 90 (LC90) percent under both temperatures. Seed of Portulaca oleracea, with LC90 values of <= 1,242 mu mol kg(-1) soil, was the most sensitive to soil fumigation with metam-Na, followed by Polygonum arenastrum with LC90 Values of <= 1.922 mu mol kg(-1) soil. At 10 degrees C fumigation temperature, metam-Na at fire highest dose tested in this study. 2.650 mu mol kg(-1) soil, was not sufficient to achieve adequate control of Stelaria media and Malva parviflora seed and Cyperus esculentus tubers. Weed control efficacy (average reduction in LC90 values) of metam-Na was between 25 and 60% higher if soils were fumigated at 20 degrees C compared with 10 degrees C, with the exception of M. parviflora. Phytophthora cactorum and Pythium ultimum were more sensitive to soil fumigation with metam-Na (LC90 <= 165 mu mol kg(-1) soil) than Verticillium dahliae (LC90 <= 737 mu mol kg(-1) soil). The nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans was highly sensitive to soil fumigation with metam-Na (LC90 <= 98 mu mol kg(-1) soil), and the efficacy of control increased by 30% if soil was fumigated at 20 degrees C compared with 10 degrees C. In this sandy loam soil. metam-Na at a concentration of 850 mu mol kg(-1) reduced the viability of Portulaca oleracea and Polygonum arenastrum seeds. C esculentus tubers. and all soilborne pathogens and parasitic nematodes tested by 90% at 20 degrees C after 24 h exposure. These results indicate that metam-Na can provide effective pest and disease control at maximum label rate for file commercial formulation. but there was a reduction in efficacy at low temperature. C1 [Klose, Susanne; Ajwa, Husein A.; Fennimore, Steve A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Browne, Greg T.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit,Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Subbarao, Krishna V.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Martin, Frank N.] ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Westerdahl, Becky B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Klose, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM sklose@ucdavis.edu OI Subbarao, Krishna/0000-0002-2075-1835 FU USDA-CSREES [05-51102-02381]; Tessenderlo Kerley Inc., Phoenix, AZ FX This work was supported in part, by the USDA-CSREES agreement No. 05-51102-02381 and by grants from Tessenderlo Kerley Inc., Phoenix, AZ. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 92 IS 11 BP 1537 EP 1546 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-11-1537 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 362WB UT WOS:000260226800010 ER PT J AU Tjosvold, SA Chambers, DL Koike, ST Mori, SR AF Tjosvold, S. A. Chambers, D. L. Koike, S. T. Mori, S. R. TI Disease on Nursery Stock as Affected by Environmental Factors and Seasonal Inoculum Levels of Phytophthora ramorum in Stream Water Used for Irrigation SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RHODODENDRON; SPP.; CALIFORNIA; INFECTION; SURVIVAL; VIBURNUM; PYTHIUM; CAPSICI; SOIL AB A pear bait monitoring system was used to detect and qauntify Phytophthora ramorum propagules in streams that flow through woodland areas with sudden oak death in Santa Cruz County, CA from 2001 to 2007. Stream propagules were detected most frequently or occured in highest concentrations in winter and spring. The stream propagule concentration was characterized with statistical models using temperature and rainfall variables from 2004 to 2007. The highest concentrations of propagules occurred when stream sampling was preceded by about 2 months with low maximum daily temperatures and by 4 days with high rainfall. The occurrence of propagules in streams in the summer was mostly associated with infected leaves from the native host Umbellaria californica that prematurely adscised and fell into the water. When the stream water was used for irrigating rhododendron nursery stock from 2004 to 2007, disease occured by pear baiting and consecutive hours of leaf wetness measured by electronic sensors at rhododendron height. The concentration of infective propagules was significantly reduced after water was pumped from the stream and applied through sprinklers. C1 [Tjosvold, S. A.; Chambers, D. L.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Watsonville, CA USA. [Koike, S. T.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA USA. [Mori, S. R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA USA. RP Tjosvold, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, 1432 Freedom Blvd, Watsonville, CA USA. EM satjosvold@ucdavis.edu FU U S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station FX This research was possible with funding from the U S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station. We thank Jennifer Davidson. University of Hawaii. Manoa, and Dave Rizzo, University of California, Davis, for guidance on pear baiting methods in the early stages of this research: Elizabeth Fichtner, Universily of California, Davis. for evaluating the rhododendrons for root infections: and Kat Kammeijer University of California Cooperative Extension, Salinas. for her remarkable ability to manufacture large amounts of selective media NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 92 IS 11 BP 1566 EP 1573 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-11-1566 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 362WB UT WOS:000260226800014 ER PT J AU Cadle-Davidson, L AF Cadle-Davidson, Lance TI Variation Within and Between Vitis spp. for Foliar Resistance to the Downy Mildew Pathogen Plasmopara viticola SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID GRAPEVINE; GERMPLASM; ACCESSIONS; INVITRO; POWDERY; MARKERS; DISEASE; GENES; HAIRS AB To complement existing control strategies, grape growers in humid climates desire cultivars with resistance to downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola. Numerous disease resistance, screens of diverse Vitis germplasm have been conducted previously to identify downy mildew resistance: however. ratings of named cultivars were inconsistent and identities of resistant individuals in wild species were not typically provided. Inconsistencies among previous Studies could be due to race-specific resistance. In the current study, controlled inoculations of two single isolates onto two leaf ages of 883 Vitis accessions were and these results compared with natural infection in it fivefold replicated vineyard of 80 Vitis accessions in 2006 and 2007. Of the accessions rated in both assays. 16.2% were resistant to a single isolate but susceptible in the vineyard. Otherwise. there was good correlation of ratings between the field assay and the rating of older leaves (r = 0.62 to 0.71). Five accessions from Vitis cinerea. V labrusca, and Vitis x champinii averaged zero severity in both vineyard years, yet some individuals of V. cinerea and V labrusca were moderately, or highly susceptible in the field. Similarly. although significant differences in mean severity separated V. vinifera, Vitis hybrid, V. riparia. and V. labrusca for single-isolated inoculations (from Susceptible to resistant), notable intraspecies variation was identified for all well-represented species. Resistant individuals were identified in most Species with the prominent exceptions of V. vinifera and V. acerifolia. Single-isolate, detached-leaf resistance ratings in 2006 corresponded well (94.6%) to 2007 ratings using a separate isolate collected front the same vineyard. Categorizing the ratings for this and previous Studies, ratings Infrequently corresponded among previous studies (31.9%) as well as between previous studies and the current single-isolate (34.9%) or vineyard (46.4%) ratings These results highlight important factors for downy mildew resistance screens: leaf age. pathogen genotype, and host species and accession. The results further underscore the importance to breeders of uniform testing in multiple environments. C1 ARS, USDA, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Cadle-Davidson, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM Lance.CadleDavidson@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [1910-21220-002-00D]; USDA-ARS Germplasm Evaluation Program FX This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS Project 1910-21220-002-00D at the Grape Genetics Research Unit and by two grants from the USDA-ARS Germplasm Evaluation Program. The ARS-PGRU and Cornell Fredonia Vineyard Laboratory are acknowledged for vineyard maintenance and coordination of sample and data collection. I thank N. Consolie, who helped establish the high-throughput screening protocols. J. Daeffler, M. Hannan , J. D'Amato, and N. Consolie for technical support in collecting, sterilizing, plating, tracking, inoculating, and rating the leaves,a process that involved over 45, 000 samples touches for this project; F. Vermeylen for statistical consulting; B. Reisch and P. Cousins for intellectual discussions related to the PGRU germpalsm collection; and B. Reisch for critical review of the manuscript. NR 32 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 92 IS 11 BP 1577 EP 1584 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-11-1577 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 362WB UT WOS:000260226800016 ER PT J AU Keith, L Sugiyama, L Strauss, A Kai, R Zee, F Hamasaki, R Yamasaki, M Nakamoto, S AF Keith, L. Sugiyama, L. Strauss, A. Kai, R. Zee, F. Hamasaki, R. Yamasaki, M. Nakamoto, S. TI First Report of Leaf Rust of Blueberry Caused by Pucciniastrum vaccinii in Hawaii. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Keith, L.; Sugiyama, L.; Strauss, A.; Kai, R.; Zee, F.] USDA ARS, Hilo, HI USA. [Hamasaki, R.; Yamasaki, M.; Nakamoto, S.] Univ Hawaii, Manoa, HI USA. RP Keith, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hilo, HI USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 92 IS 11 BP 1590 EP 1590 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-11-1590A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 362WB UT WOS:000260226800032 ER PT J AU Vasconcelos, MW Li, GW Lubkowitz, MA Grusak, MA AF Vasconcelos, Marta W. Li, Gloria W. Lubkowitz, Mark A. Grusak, Michael A. TI Characterization of the PT Clade of Oligopeptide Transporters in Rice SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article AB Oligopeptide transporters (OPTs) are a group of membrane-localized proteins that have a broad range of substrate transport capabilities and that are thought to contribute to many biological processes. Nine OPTs belonging to the peptide transport (PT) clade were identified in the rice (Oryza sativa L.) genome, based on their predicted amino acid sequences containing the two highly conserved motifs (NPG and KIPPR) that define the PT-OPT subgroup. Protein identity analysis comparing the rice OPTs of the PT and yellow stripe (YS) clades revealed low levels of similarity between members of these two OPT subgroups. Sequence analysis of the predicted proteins of the PT clade, named OsOPT1 to OsOPT9, revealed all to be integral membrane proteins. Functional analysis of five of the OsOPTs, using a yeast complementation assay, demonstrated that OsOPT1, OsOPT3, OsOPT4, OsOPT5, and OsOPT7 could transport ferrous and/or ferric iron chelated to nicotianamine, a nonpeptidyl metal-chelate. Semi quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction verified expression of the OsOPTs in roots, stems, leaves, hulls, pedicels, and embryos, but transcripts for each OsOPT were not found in every tissue. The identification of multiple PT-clade OPT genes in rice with different expression patterns indicates that they may have different biological roles in the plant. C1 [Vasconcelos, Marta W.; Li, Gloria W.; Grusak, Michael A.] USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dep Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Lubkowitz, Mark A.] St Michaels Coll, Biol Dep, Colchester, VT 05439 USA. RP Grusak, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dep Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mgrusak@bcm.edu RI Vasconcelos, Marta/F-3376-2013; Vasconcelos, Marta/I-8166-2013 OI Vasconcelos, Marta/0000-0002-5110-7006 FU USDA-ARS [58-6250-6-001]; Harvest Plus Project [58-6250-4-F029]; Vermont Genetics Network from the BRIN Program of the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [1 P20 RR16462] FX This work was funded in part by funds from USDA-ARS under Agreement No. 58-6250-6-001 and from the Harvest Plus Project under Agreement No. 58-6250-4-F029 to M. A. Grusak and by funds from the Vermont Genetics Network to M. A. Lubkowitz through Grant Number 1 P20 RR16462 from the BRIN Program of the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, NCRR, or NIH, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 66 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD NOV PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2007.10.0540 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WM UT WOS:000208575700003 ER PT J AU Kaczorowski, KA Kim, KS Diers, BW Hudson, ME AF Kaczorowski, Karen A. Kim, Ki-Seung Diers, Brian W. Hudson, Matthew E. TI Microarray-Based Genetic Mapping Using Soybean Near-Isogenic Lines and Generation of SNP Markers in the Rag1 Aphid-Resistance Interval SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article AB A strategy using near-isogenic lines (NILs) and Affymetrix Soybean GeneChip microarrays was employed to identify genetic markers closely linked to the soybean aphid [Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae)] resistance gene Rag1 in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Genomic DNA from the aphid-resistant cultivar Dowling and the aphid-susceptible cultivar Dwight was labeled and hybridized to arrays, identifying more than 1500 putative single feature polymorphisms (SFPs) between these genotypes. To find polymorphisms closely linked to the Rag1 aphid-resistance locus, genomic DNA samples from two NILs developed through backcrossing Rag1 from Dowling four times to Dwight were also hybridized. Comparison of hybridization signals between the NILs and the recurrent parent identified more than 70 SFPs in each NIL between the NIL and the recurrent parent genotype. There were 22 SFPs shared by both NILs, representing molecular markers putatively linked to Rag1. Four selected SFPs were converted to SNP markers and confirmed by conventional genetic mapping to be closely linked to Rag1. The technique that we describe can be used to identify polymorphisms in a genetic region of interest and generate molecular markers closely linked to an agronomically important trait using a suitable oligonucleotide microarray. C1 [Kaczorowski, Karen A.; Kim, Ki-Seung; Diers, Brian W.; Hudson, Matthew E.] Univ Illinois, Dep Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kaczorowski, Karen A.] USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Post Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Hudson, ME (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dep Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mhudson@uiuc.edu RI Hudson, Matthew/A-4438-2008 OI Hudson, Matthew/0000-0002-4737-0936 FU USDA CSREES [802 AG 2006-34488-16915] FX We would like to acknowledge Dr. P. Cregan for providing sequences for SNP markers used in initial mapping of the NILs, and the University of Illinois Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center for performing the array hybridization and scanning service. This work was supported by the USDA CSREES, grant # 802 AG 2006-34488-16915 to MEH and BD. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD NOV PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 89 EP 98 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2008.04.0207 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WM UT WOS:000208575700004 ER PT J AU Tobias, CM Sarath, G Twigg, P Lindquist, E Pangilinan, J Penning, BW Barry, K McCann, MC Carpita, NC Lazo, GR AF Tobias, Christian M. Sarath, Gautam Twigg, Paul Lindquist, Erika Pangilinan, Jasmyn Penning, Bryan W. Barry, Kerry McCann, Maureen C. Carpita, Nicholas C. Lazo, Gerard R. TI Comparative Genomics in Switchgrass Using 61,585 High-Quality Expressed Sequence Tags SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article ID NONSYNONYMOUS SUBSTITUTION RATES; NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT; CESA GENE FAMILY; PANICUM-VIRGATUM; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; RAPD MARKERS; SSR-MARKERS; PLANT; SYNTHASE AB The development of genomic resources for switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a perennial NAD(+)-malic enzyme type C-4 grass, is required to enable molecular breeding and biotechnological approaches for improving its value as a forage and bioenergy crop. Expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing is one method that can quickly sample gene inventories and produce data suitable for marker development or analysis of tissue-specific patterns of expression. Toward this goal, three cDNA libraries from callus, crown, and seedling tissues of 'Kanlow' switchgrass were end-sequenced to generate a total of 61,585 high-quality ESTs from 36,565 separate clones. Seventy-three percent of the assembled consensus sequences could be aligned with the sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genome at a E-value of <1 x 10(-20), indicating a high degree of similarity. Sixty-five percent of the ESTs matched with gene ontology molecular terms, and 3.3% of the sequences were matched with genes that play potential roles in cell-wall biogenesis. The representation in the three libraries of gene families known to be associated with C-4 photosynthesis, cellulose and beta-glucan synthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and peroxidase activity indicated likely roles for individual family members. Pairwise comparisons of synonymous codon substitutions were used to assess genome sequence diversity and indicated an overall similarity between the two genome copies present in the tetraploid. Identification of EST-simple sequence repeat markers and amplification on two individual parents of a mapping population yielded an average of 2.18 amplicons per individual, and 35% of the markers produced fragment length polymorphisms. C1 [Tobias, Christian M.; Lazo, Gerard R.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genom & Gene Discovery Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Sarath, Gautam] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Twigg, Paul] Univ Nebraska, Dep Biol, Kearney, NE 68849 USA. [Pangilinan, Jasmyn; Barry, Kerry] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Penning, Bryan W.; McCann, Maureen C.] Purdue Univ, Dep Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Carpita, Nicholas C.] Purdue Univ, Dep Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Tobias, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genom & Gene Discovery Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM christian.tobias@ars.usda.gov RI Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; Tobias, Christian/B-6602-2009 OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; Tobias, Christian/0000-0002-7881-750X FU U.S. Department of Energy [776898]; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service CRIS [5325-21000-13, 5440-21000-028]; NIH from the BRIN Program of the National Center for Research Resources [P20 RR16569]; University of Nebraska at Kearney Research Services Council University Research & Creative Activity Grant; NSF Plant Genome Research Grant [DBI-0217552] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Humphrey Wanjugi and Jennifer Bragg for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported through the community sequencing program of the U.S. Department of Energy, project 776898, through the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service CRIS 5325-21000-13 and 5440-21000-028, and supported in part by NIH Grant P20 RR16569 from the BRIN Program of the National Center for Research Resources, a University of Nebraska at Kearney Research Services Council University Research & Creative Activity Grant, and an NSF Plant Genome Research Grant DBI-0217552 (to N.C.C., M. C. C.). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 60 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD NOV PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 111 EP 124 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2008.08.0003 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WM UT WOS:000208575700006 ER PT J AU Gaitan-Solis, E Choi, IY Quigley, C Cregan, P Tohme, J AF Gaitan-Solis, E. Choi, I. -Y. Quigley, C. Cregan, P. Tohme, J. TI Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Common Bean: Their Discovery and Genotyping Using a Multiplex Detection System SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article AB Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers are by far the most common form of DNA polymorphism in a genome. The objectives of this study were to discover SNPs in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by comparing sequences from coding and noncoding regions obtained from the GenBank and genomic DNA and to compare sequencing results with those obtained using single base extension (SBE) assays on the Luminex-100 system for use in high-throughput germplasm evaluation. We assessed the frequency of SNPs in 47 fragments of common bean DNA, using SBE as the evaluation methodology. We conducted a sequence analysis of 10 genotypes of cultivated and wild beans belonging to the Mesoamerican and Andean genetic pools of P. vulgaris. For the 10 genotypes evaluated, a total of 20,964 bp of sequence were analyzed in each genotype and compared, resulting in the discovery of 239 SNPs and 133 InDels, giving an average SNP frequency of one per 88 bp and an InDel frequency of one per 157 bp. This is the equivalent of a nucleotide diversity (theta) of 6.27 x 10(-3). Comparisons with the SNP genotypes previously obtained by direct sequencing showed that the SBE assays on the Luminex-100 were accurate, with 2.5% being miscalled and 1% showing no signal. These results indicate that the Luminex-100 provides a high-throughput system that can be used to analyze SNPs in large samples of genotypes both for purposes of assessing diversity and also for mapping studies. C1 [Gaitan-Solis, E.; Tohme, J.] CIAT, Agrobiodivers & Biotechnol Project, Cali 6713, Colombia. [Choi, I. -Y.; Quigley, C.; Cregan, P.] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Choi, I. -Y.] Seoul Natl Univ, NICEM, CALS, Seoul 151921, South Korea. RP Tohme, J (reprint author), CIAT, Agrobiodivers & Biotechnol Project, Cali 6713, Colombia. EM j.tohme@cgiar.org FU CIAT; USAID-CIAT linkage program FX The authors wish to thank Constanza Quintero (CIAT) for graphics editing and Steve Lee (MiraiBio) for advice at the beginning of the project. This research was supported by grants from CIAT and from a USAID-CIAT linkage program. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD NOV PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 125 EP 134 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2008.04.0204 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WM UT WOS:000208575700007 ER PT J AU Dierking, EC Bilyeu, KD AF Dierking, Emily C. Bilyeu, Kristin D. TI Association of a Soybean Raffinose Synthase Gene with Low Raffinose and Stachyose Seed Phenotype SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article AB Oligosaccharides are an important component of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] meal in terms of metabolizable energy for monogastric animals. Sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose are the three main oligosaccharides present in soybean meal. Of the three, only sucrose is nutritionally useful. When raffinose and stachyose are fermented by microbes present in the gut, the results are flatulence and discomfort, which ultimately lead to poor weight gain. The long term objective of this research is ultimately to increase the nutritional value of soybean meal by elevating the metabolizable energy at the expense of raffinose and stachyose through the manipulation of soybean raffinose synthase, the key enzyme for raffinose and stachyose biosynthesis. The objectives of this work were to develop molecular genetic information about soybean raffinose synthases and to evaluate the candidate raffinose synthase genes in a soybean germplasm accession (PI 200508) that contains low levels of raffinose and stachyose. Our results indicate the soybean genome contains at least two expressed genes similar to other characterized raffinose synthases. A novel allele of one of these putative soybean raffinose synthase genes was discovered from the PI 200508 that completely associates with the low raffinose and stachyose phenotype. Molecular marker assays specific for the PI 200508 allele were developed to allow direct selection for the low raffinose and low stachyose phenotype. C1 [Bilyeu, Kristin D.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Dierking, Emily C.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bilyeu, KD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, 108 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bilyeuk@missouri.edu NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD NOV PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 135 EP 145 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2008.06.0321 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WM UT WOS:000208575700008 ER PT J AU Fellers, JP AF Fellers, John P. TI Genome Filtering Using Methylation- Sensitive Restriction Enzymes with Six Base Pair Recognition Sites SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article AB The large fraction of repetitive DNA in many plant genomes has complicated all aspects of DNA sequencing and assembly, and thus techniques that enrich for genes and low-copy sequences have been employed to isolate gene space. Methyl-sensitive restriction enzymes, with six base pair recognition sites, were evaluated on genomic DNA of the bread wheat 'Chinese Spring' as a different approach to enrich for genes. SacI, SalI, PstI, and AatII were used to digest wheat genomic DNA and fragments ranging from 400 bp to 2.0 kb were cloned and unidirectionally sequenced. All four enzymes provided some level of enrichment for gene space; however, AatII and PstI reduced the number of clones with repeat elements to just 16.2 and 19.1%, respectively. AatII and PstI were also effective in enrichment in corn and tobacco. Corn libraries made with AatII and PstI had 58.7 and 71.2%, respectively, of the clones with significant expressed sequence tag (EST) alignments, while tobacco libraries made with the same enzymes had 51.7 and 65.3%, respectively. With the development of ultra-throughput sequencing technologies, this technique provides an opportunity to rapidly and efficiently obtain sequencing from gene-rich regions. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Fellers, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Unit, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM john.fellers@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5430-21000-005-00D] FX The author wishes to thank Dr. Daniel Peterson, Mississippi State University, and Dr. Eduard Akhunov, Kansas State University, for their input and suggestions during the writing of this manuscript. The author also wishes to thank Dehlia Burdan, Amy Bernardo, Beth Gillet, and Sally Hermann for their technical assistance. This project was funded by the USDA-ARS CRIS project 5430-21000-005-00D. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD NOV PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 146 EP 152 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2008.05.0245 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WM UT WOS:000208575700009 ER PT J AU Jasinski, S Tattersall, A Piazza, P Hay, A Martinez-Garcia, JF Schmitz, G Theres, K McCormick, S Tsiantis, M AF Jasinski, Sophie Tattersall, Alex Piazza, Paolo Hay, Angela Martinez-Garcia, Jaime F. Schmitz, Gregor Theres, Klaus McCormick, Sheila Tsiantis, Miltos TI PROCERA encodes a DELLA protein that mediates control of dissected leaf form in tomato SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE leaf shape; DELLA proteins; KNOX proteins ID CYTOKININ BIOSYNTHESIS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; GIBBERELLIN; ARABIDOPSIS; GENE; EXPRESSION; MUTANT; PLANTS; LANCEOLATE; PHENOTYPE AB Leaves of seed plants can be described as simple, where the leaf blade is entire, or dissected, where the blade is divided into distinct leaflets. Mechanisms that define leaflet number and position are poorly understood and their elucidation presents an attractive opportunity to understand mechanisms controlling organ shape in plants. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a plant with dissected leaves, KNOTTED1-like homeodomain proteins (KNOX) are positive regulators of leaflet formation. Conversely, the hormone gibberellin (GA) can antagonise the effects of KNOX overexpression and reduce leaflet number, suggesting that GA may be a negative regulator of leaflet formation. However, when and how GA acts on leaf development is unknown. The reduced leaflet number phenotype of the tomato mutant procera (pro) mimics that of plants to which GA has been applied during leaf development, suggesting that PRO may define a GA signalling component required to promote leaflet formation. Here we show that PRO encodes a DELLA-type growth repressor that probably mediates GA-reversible growth restraint. We demonstrate that PRO is required to promote leaflet initiation during early stages of growth of leaf primordia and conversely that reduced GA biosynthesis increases the capability of the tomato leaf to produce leaflets in response to elevated KNOX activity. We propose that, in tomato, DELLA activity regulates leaflet number by defining the correct timing for leaflet initiation. C1 [Jasinski, Sophie; Tattersall, Alex; Piazza, Paolo; Hay, Angela; Tsiantis, Miltos] Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, Oxford OX1 3RB, England. [Martinez-Garcia, Jaime F.] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats Consorci, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Schmitz, Gregor; Theres, Klaus] Max Planck Inst Plant Breeding Res, D-50829 Cologne, Germany. [McCormick, Sheila] USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [McCormick, Sheila] Univ Calif Berkeley, Plant & Microbial Biol Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tsiantis, M (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3RB, England. EM miltos.tsiantis@plant-sciences.oxford.ac.uk OI Piazza, Paolo/0000-0002-3736-1841; Martinez-Garcia, Jaime/0000-0003-1516-0341; McCormick, Sheila/0000-0001-9106-9385 FU BBSRC [P18044]; EU [NEST 012878]; Royal Society University; EMBO YIP award; Royal Society Wolfson Merit Award; Gatsby Foundation FX We thank Nick Harberd for GAI subclones and critical reading of the manuscript and Carla Galinha for comments. We also thank John Baker for assistance with photography, Jake Hodson for plant care and Maarten Koornneef for the pro;gib1 seeds. JFMG was the recipient of an EMBO short-term fellowship. This work was funded by the BBSRC (grant number P18044) and an EU MechPlant project (NEST 012878). AH was the recipient of a Royal Society University Research Fellowship We are indebted to Peter Hedden for many helpful discussions and comments on the manuscript. MT acknowledges support from an EMBO YIP award, a Royal Society Wolfson Merit Award and the Gatsby Foundation. NR 41 TC 35 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 56 IS 4 BP 603 EP 612 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03628.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 371IJ UT WOS:000260824700008 PM 18643984 ER PT J AU Zhang, D Wengier, D Shuai, B Gui, CP Muschietti, J McCormick, S Tang, WH AF Zhang, Dong Wengier, Diego Shuai, Bin Gui, Cai-Ping Muschietti, Jorge McCormick, Sheila Tang, Wei-Hua TI The Pollen Receptor Kinase LePRK2 Mediates Growth-Promoting Signals and Positively Regulates Pollen Germination and Tube Growth SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NADPH OXIDASE; TIP GROWTH; IN-VITRO; PROTEIN; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION; BINDING; GTPASE; TOMATO; GENES AB In flowering plants, the process of pollen germination and tube growth is required for successful fertilization. A pollen receptor kinase from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), LePRK2, has been implicated in signaling during pollen germination and tube growth as well as in mediating pollen (tube)-pistil communication. Here we show that reduced expression of LePRK2 affects four aspects of pollen germination and tube growth. First, the percentage of pollen that germinates is reduced, and the time window for competence to germinate is also shorter. Second, the pollen tube growth rate is reduced both in vitro and in the pistil. Third, tip-localized superoxide production by pollen tubes cannot be increased by exogenous calcium ions. Fourth, pollen tubes have defects in responses to style extract component (STIL), an extracellular growth-promoting signal from the pistil. Pollen tubes transiently overexpressing LePRK2-fluorescent protein fusions had slightly wider tips, whereas pollen tubes coexpressing LePRK2 and its cytoplasmic partner protein KPP (a Rop-GEF) had much wider tips. Together these results show that LePRK2 positively regulates pollen germination and tube growth and is involved in transducing responses to extracellular growth-promoting signals. C1 [Zhang, Dong; Gui, Cai-Ping; Tang, Wei-Hua] Univ Calif Berkeley, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Ctr Mol Life Sci,Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Key Lab Plant Mol Genet,Inst Plant Physiol &, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. [Wengier, Diego; Muschietti, Jorge] Univ Buenos Aires, Inst Ingn Genet & Biol Mol, CONICET, Dept Fisiol & Biol Mol & Celular FCEN, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Wengier, Diego; Shuai, Bin; McCormick, Sheila; Tang, Wei-Hua] USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Wengier, Diego; Shuai, Bin; McCormick, Sheila; Tang, Wei-Hua] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Tang, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Ctr Mol Life Sci,Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Key Lab Plant Mol Genet,Inst Plant Physiol &, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. EM whtang@sibs.ac.cn RI Tang, Wei-Hua/C-9989-2011; OI Tang, Wei-Hua/0000-0002-6167-7870; Muschietti, Jorge/0000-0002-5719-4833 FU U. S. Department of Agriculture Current Research Information System [5335-21000-03000D]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2007CB108700, 2007AA10Z187, 2006AA10A102]; Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [KSCX2-YW-N-058]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30770196] FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Agriculture Current Research Information System (grant no. 5335-21000-03000D to S. M.). W.-H. T. was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (grant nos. 2007CB108700, 2007AA10Z187, and 2006AA10A102), the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant no. KSCX2-YW-N-058), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 30770196). NR 45 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 148 IS 3 BP 1368 EP 1379 DI 10.1104/pp.108.124420 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 369UN UT WOS:000260719500016 PM 18799662 ER PT J AU Morris, J Tian, H Park, S Sreevidya, CS Ward, JM Hirschi, KD AF Morris, Jay Tian, Hui Park, Sunghun Sreevidya, Coimbatore S. Ward, John M. Hirschi, Kendal D. TI AtCCX3 Is an Arabidopsis Endomembrane H+-Dependent K+ Transporter SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CA2+/H+ ANTIPORTER CAX1; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; H+/CA2+ ANTIPORTER; NA+/H+ EXCHANGER; ION HOMEOSTASIS; SALT TOLERANCE; OAT ROOTS; CATION/H+ EXCHANGER; NA+/CA2+ EXCHANGER; TONOPLAST VESICLES AB The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cation calcium exchangers (CCXs) were recently identified as a subfamily of cation transporters; however, no plant CCXs have been functionally characterized. Here, we show that Arabidopsis AtCCX3 (At3g14070) and AtCCX4 (At1g54115) can suppress yeast mutants defective in Na+, K+, and Mn2+ transport. We also report high-capacity uptake of Rb-86(+) in tonoplast-enriched vesicles from yeast expressing AtCCX3. Cation competition studies showed inhibition of Rb-86(+) uptake in AtCCX3 cells by excess Na+, K+, and Mn2+. Functional epitope-tagged AtCCX3 fusion proteins were localized to endomembranes in plants and yeast. In Arabidopsis, AtCCX3 is primarily expressed in flowers, while AtCCX4 is expressed throughout the plant. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that expression of AtCCX3 increased in plants treated with NaCl, KCl, and MnCl2. Insertional mutant lines of AtCCX3 and AtCCX4 displayed no apparent growth defects; however, overexpression of AtCCX3 caused increased Na+ accumulation and increased Rb-86(+) transport. Uptake of Rb-86(+) increased in tonoplast-enriched membranes isolated from Arabidopsis lines expressing CCX3 driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Overexpression of AtCCX3 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) produced lesions in the leaves, stunted growth, and resulted in the accumulation of higher levels of numerous cations. In summary, these findings suggest that AtCCX3 is an endomembrane-localized H+-dependent K+ transporter with apparent Na+ and Mn2+ transport properties distinct from those of previously characterized plant transporters. C1 [Morris, Jay; Park, Sunghun; Hirschi, Kendal D.] Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Morris, Jay; Hirschi, Kendal D.] USDA ARS, Plant Physiol Grp, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Tian, Hui; Ward, John M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Sreevidya, Coimbatore S.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Immunol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hirschi, KD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM kendalh@bcm.tmc.edu FU U. S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service [58-62650-6001]; National Science Foundation [NSF 0344350, NSF 020977, 0209792]; U. S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2005-34402-17121] FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (Cooperative Agreement no. 58-62650-6001), the National Science Foundation (grant nos. NSF 0344350 and NSF 020977), and the U. S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (grant no. 2005-34402-17121 to K. D. H.). The National Science Foundation (grant no. 0209792) funded work in the laboratory of J. M. W. NR 87 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 148 IS 3 BP 1474 EP 1486 DI 10.1104/pp.108.118810 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 369UN UT WOS:000260719500024 PM 18775974 ER PT J AU Hatfield, R Ralph, J Grabber, JH AF Hatfield, Ronald Ralph, John Grabber, John H. TI A potential role for sinapyl p-coumarate as a radical transfer mechanism in grass lignin formation SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Lignin; Cell wall; Peroxidase; Hydroxycinnamic acid; p-Coumarate; Ferulate; Radical transfer mechanism ID CELL-WALL COMPOSITION; FERULATE CROSS-LINKS; MAIZE WALLS; ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION; HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACID; PEROXIDASE; ALCOHOL; OXIDATION; SYRINGYL; POLYMERIZATION AB Grass lignins are differentiated from other lignin types by containing relatively large amounts of p-coumaric acid (pCA) acylating the C-9 position of lignin subunits. In the case of a mature corn (Zea mays L.) stems, pCA constitutes 15-18% of a dioxane soluble enzyme lignin. The major portion of the pCA is specifically attached to syringyl residues. Studies with isolated corn wall peroxidases show that pCA readily undergoes radical coupling in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, whereas sinapyl alcohol radical coupling proceeds more slowly. Analysis of corn wall peroxidases did not reveal specific enzymes that would lead to the preferred incorporation of sinapyl alcohol as seen in other plants. The addition of ethyl ferulate, methyl p-coumarate, or sinapyl p-coumarate conjugates to a reaction mixture containing peroxidase, sinapyl alcohol, and hydrogen peroxide stimulated the rate of sinapyl alcohol radical coupling by 10-20-fold. Based on spectral analysis it appears that pCA and ferulate radicals form rapidly, but the radical is readily transferred to sinapyl alcohol. The newly formed sinapyl alcohol radicals undergo coupling and cross-coupling reactions. However, sinapyl alcohol radicals do not cross-couple with pCA radicals. As long as hydrogen peroxide is limiting pCA remains uncoupled. Ferulates have similar reaction patterns in terms of radical transfer though they appear to cross-couple in the reaction mixture more readily then pCA. The role of pCA may be to internally provide a radical transfer mechanism for optimizing radical coupling of sinapyl alcohol into the growing lignin polymer. Attachment of some pCA to sinapyl alcohol ensures localization of the radical transfer mechanism in areas where sinapyl alcohol is being incorporated into lignin. C1 [Hatfield, Ronald; Ralph, John; Grabber, John H.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hatfield, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rdhatfie@wisc.edu; jralph@wisc.edu; John.grabber@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NRI [2004-3531815020] FX The authors thank Hoon Kim and Fachuang Lu for synthesis of monolignols and the SA-pCA used in these experiments. This work was supported in part by USDA-NRI (2004-3531815020). Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of product by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. NR 42 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 5 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 EI 1432-2048 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD NOV PY 2008 VL 228 IS 6 BP 919 EP 928 DI 10.1007/s00425-008-0791-4 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 370SG UT WOS:000260782800003 PM 18654797 ER PT J AU Huff, GR Huff, WE Rath, NC Anthony, NB Nestor, KE AF Huff, G. R. Huff, W. E. Rath, N. C. Anthony, N. B. Nestor, K. E. TI Effects of Escherichia coli Challenge and Transport Stress on Hematology and Serum Chemistry Values of Three Genetic Lines of Turkeys SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE turkey; transport stress; creatine kinase; iron; Escherichia coli ID INCREASED BODY-WEIGHT; LONG-TERM SELECTION; MELEAGRIS-GALLOPAVO; LYMPHOCYTE RATIO; CREATINE-KINASE; EGG-PRODUCTION; GROWTH; BLOOD; IRON; REPRODUCTION AB Three lines of turkeys were compared for response to an Escherichia coli challenge followed by transport stress (transport). The turkey lines were a slow-growing line selected for increased egg production (egg line), a fast-growing line selected for increased 16-wk BW (F line), and a commercial line (Comm line). Birds were challenged at 14 wk of age with an air sac injection of 5,000 to 10,000 cfu of E. coli. At 8 d postchallenge, birds were subjected to a transport stress procedure that included 12 h of holding time in a transport vehicle. The following morning all birds (n = 10 to 19 birds/line) were bled. Whole blood was analyzed using the Cell-Dyn 3500 blood analysis system (Abbott Diagnostics), and serum chemistry was measured using the Express Plus analyzer (Ciba-Corning Diagnostics Corp.). Transport significantly decreased the levels of hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, phosphorus, iron, albumin, and alkaline phosphatase (AP) and increased the levels of uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine kinase. Line differences were variable, but the levels of both iron and AP were least in the fastest-growing Comm line birds and greatest in the slowest-growing egg-line birds with intermediate values in the F line. Iron and AP were also the only parameters influenced by sex, with males having greater levels of both compared with females. The creatine kinase levels were more than 6-fold greater in transported Comm line birds, and iron levels of transported Comm males were 3-fold less than controls. Previously, the growth rate of these lines was positively correlated with increased heterophil to lymphocyte ratios and susceptibility to colibacillosis. The differences seen in the Comm line for these commonly measured blood parameters suggest that they may be useful for profiling flocks to determine their response to transport stress and feed withdrawal. C1 [Huff, G. R.; Huff, W. E.; Rath, N. C.] USDA, ARS, Poultry Prod & Product Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Anthony, N. B.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Nestor, K. E.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Anim Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Huff, GR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Poultry Prod & Product Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM grhuff@uark.edu NR 50 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 87 IS 11 BP 2234 EP 2241 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00128 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 366YO UT WOS:000260519700009 PM 18931173 ER PT J AU Northcutt, JK McNeal, WD Ingram, KD Buhr, RJ Fletcher, DL AF Northcutt, J. K. McNeal, W. D. Ingram, K. D. Buhr, R. J. Fletcher, D. L. TI Microbial Recovery from Genetically Featherless Broiler Carcasses after Forced Cloacal Fecal Expulsion SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; carcass contamination; carcass microbiology; cloacal defecation ID LOWER GUT CONTENTS; FEED WITHDRAWAL; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; CHICKEN CARCASSES; WATER WITHDRAWAL; CONTAMINATION; SLAUGHTER; YIELD; EVISCERATION AB A study was conducted to determine external microbiology of genetically featherless broiler carcasses after forced cloacal fecal expulsion. Full-fed featherless broilers were placed into coops, transported, unloaded, shackled, stunned, suffocated, weighed, and divided into 3 treatments groups. Carcasses were transferred to a separate shackle line and passed through a machine designed to induce defecation (squeeze) and then remove external feces (wash). Treatments were obtained by turning the squeezing and washing components on or off. Treatments were as follows: S carcasses were squeezed but not washed; W carcasses were not squeezed but were washed; and SW carcasses were squeezed and washed. Concentrations of total aerobic microorganisms (AB), Escherichia coli (EC), coliforms (CF), and Campylobacter (CPY) recovered from whole carcass rinses did not vary with treatment (P > 0.05). However, counts of Salmonella (SAL) in rinses of S carcasses were 1.4 log(10) cfu/mL greater than counts of SAL found in rinses of SW carcasses (P < 0.05). The SAL prevalence was similar for S (86% positive), W (90% positive), and SW (83% positive) carcasses (P > 0.05). Populations of AB and CF recovered from wash water (water applied in the machine after fecal expulsion) for SW carcasses were significantly higher by 3.1 and 1.5 log(10) cfu/mL, respectively, than the populations of the same bacteria recovered from wash water for W carcasses (P < 0.05). Levels of EC and CPY recovered from wash water did not vary with treatment. There was no difference in CPY and SAL prevalence in water collected after washing W carcasses or SW carcasses (P > 0.05). Data from the present study show that controlled cloacal fecal expulsion followed by carcass washing immediately after slaughter can be used to minimize the numbers of carcass Salmonella and can reduce the likelihood of visible carcass fecal contamination or cross-contamination to other carcasses and processing equipment. C1 [Northcutt, J. K.; Ingram, K. D.; Buhr, R. J.] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [McNeal, W. D.] Meyn Amer LLC, Ball Ground, GA 30107 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Northcutt, JK (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Box 340316, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM jknorth@clemson.edu NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 87 IS 11 BP 2377 EP 2381 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00426 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 366YO UT WOS:000260519700026 PM 18931190 ER PT J AU Stern, NJ AF Stern, N. J. TI Salmonella Species and Campylobacter jejuni Cecal Colonization Model in Broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; Campylobacter; colonization; mature broiler ID CHICKENS; FARMS AB Salmonella and Campylobacter are of concern to the poultry industry because of the continuing association of poultry-borne transmission of these diseases to humans. Live, mature bird interventions can be demonstrated only by comparing colonization in nontreated groups of control birds with treated bird groups. This study attempted to create a reproducible broiler chicken colonization model. When chicks were challenged 2 d posthatch with both Salmonella and Campylobacter, cecal colonization was achieved. By 4 wk posthatch, Salmonella counts per gram of cecal content diminished to very low or nondetectable levels. Campylobacter counts remained high throughout the test period. To achieve the goal of creating a mature bird Salmonella intestinal colonization model, oral treatment of 10 to 25 mg of vancomycin was given to 4-wk-old broilers, and 3 h later a composite of 3 Salmonella isolates were gavaged into the chickens. Birds were sampled 1 and 2 wk later. The data indicated that colonization was achieved at levels of 10(6-7) cfu g(-1) of cecal materials (at wk 5) and > 10(2) to 10(4) cfu g(-1) of cecal materials (at wk 6). C1 ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Stern, NJ (reprint author), ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM norman.stern@ars.usda.gov RI Tast Lahti, Elina/R-8664-2016 FU Cargill Minneapolis, MN [6612-32000-047-03] FX Funds for the conduct of these experiments were provided by Cargill (Minneapolis, MN; Trust agreement project 6612-32000-047-03. Appreciation is extended to Susan Brooks, Alex Dillard, and Latoya Wiggins for their technical support. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 87 IS 11 BP 2399 EP 2403 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00140 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 366YO UT WOS:000260519700029 PM 18931193 ER PT J AU Thompson, D Baranowski, T Cullen, K Watson, K Liu, Y Canada, A Bhatt, R Zakeri, I AF Thompson, Debbe Baranowski, Tom Cullen, Karen Watson, Kathy Liu, Yan Canada, Ashanti Bhatt, Riddhi Zakeri, Issa TI Food, fun, and fitness internet program for girls: Pilot evaluation of an e-Health youth obesity prevention program examining predictors of obesity SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE African American; Female; Children; Behavioral research; Diet; Physical activity; Internet; Fruit; Vegetables; Self-efficacy ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN GIRLS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; OUTCOME EVALUATION; FRUIT; RELIABILITY; VALIDITY; CHILDREN; GEMS AB Objective. This pilot study tested whether an Internet-based intervention could achieve change in fruit, juice. and vegetable consumption, physical activity, and self-efficacy in youth at-risk of obesity. Method. Participants were 80 8-to-10-year-old African American girls at-risk of obesity, with a home computer. Internet access, and an e-mail address. A two-group design was followed. Groups differed only on incentive schedule (immediate, delayed). The 8-week home-based program, conducted entirely over the Internet, promoted fruit, juice, vegetables, and water intake and physical activity. Pre-post measures were collected through self-report via the program website. The study was conducted in the greater Houston, TX, area September through November, 2004. Results. Statistically significant pre-to-post differences were observed in fruit, juice, and vegetable consumption (p=.002), physical activity-yesterday (p<.001), physical activity-usually (p=.001), and fruit, juice, and vegetable self-efficacy (p=.003). Conclusion. Internet-based obesity prevention programs may be an effective channel for promoting healthy diet and physical activity behaviors to youth at-risk of obesity. Additional research is needed to more fully examine their effectiveness at promoting and maintaining diet and physical activity change. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Thompson, Debbe; Baranowski, Tom; Cullen, Karen; Watson, Kathy; Liu, Yan; Canada, Ashanti; Bhatt, Riddhi] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Zakeri, Issa] Drexel Univ, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. RP Thompson, D (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dit@bcm.tmc.edu; tbaranow@bcm.tmc.edu; kcullen@bcm.tmc.edu; kwatson@bcm.tmc.edu; yliu3@bcm.tmc.edu; rbhatt@bcm.tmc.edu; ifz23@drexel.edu OI Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 FU Robert Wood Johnson e-Health Technologies Initiative [49128]; National Institutes of Health [U01 HL65160]; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center; Department of Pediatrics; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas [58-6250-6001] FX This research was largely funded by a grant to the first author from the Robert Wood Johnson e-Health Technologies Initiative (grant number 49128). The Internet program was originally developed as part of the multi-site Girls health Enrichment Multi-site Study (GEMS), funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (grant number U01 HL65160). This work is also a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and had been funded in part with federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6250-6001. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement from the U.S. government. NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 47 IS 5 BP 494 EP 497 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.07.014 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 385MV UT WOS:000261819200009 PM 18718846 ER PT J AU Takaoka, S Swanson, FJ AF Takaoka, Sadao Swanson, Frederick J. TI Change in Extent of Meadows and Shrub Fields in the Central Western Cascade Range, Oregon SO PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHER LA English DT Article DE Cascade Range; forest fire; landscape scale; meadow contraction; sheep grazing ID OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS; TREE INVASION; FIRE REGIMES; FOREST; USA; WASHINGTON; ESTABLISHMENT; VEGETATION; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS AB We examined change in areal extent of mountain meadows and fields of deciduous shrubs and conifer saplings in the central western Cascade Range of Oregon, based on analysis of aerial photographs taken in 1946 and 2000. These nonforest vegetation patches are distinctive habitats in dominantly forested landscapes, such as the Cascades, and change in extent of these habitats is of interest to scientists and land managers. We mapped and dated even-aged forest stands of probable post fire origin around the nonforest patches, using tree-ring analysis and interpretation of aerial photographs. We used these and archival data to interpret possible influences of past wild fire and sheep grazing on the extent of nonforest patches. The total area of nonforest vegetation patches decreased from 5.5 percent of the study area in 1946 to 2.5 percent in 2000. Significantly more cases of contracted patches were observed for mesic and xeric meadows which have adjacent forest established after wild fire in the approximately 150 years preceding 1946. A higher proportion of mesic (47 percent, n = 47) than xeric (17 percent, n = 115) meadows contracted between 1946 and 2000. Broad-leaved shrub fields were unchanged, probably because of topo-edaphic controls, dense cover of shrubs, and snow effects; but all fields of conifer saplings underwent succession to forest. We observed no strong influences of sheep grazing on the extent of meadows. C1 [Takaoka, Sadao] Senshu Univ, Dept Geog, Tama Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2148580, Japan. [Swanson, Frederick J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Takaoka, S (reprint author), Senshu Univ, Dept Geog, Tama Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2148580, Japan. EM takaoka@isc.senshu-u.ac.jp; fswanson@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0033-0124 J9 PROF GEOGR JI Prof. Geogr. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 60 IS 4 BP 527 EP 540 DI 10.1080/00330120802212099 PG 14 WC Geography SC Geography GA 365TT UT WOS:000260432000006 ER PT J AU Hurley, PT Halfacre, AC Levine, NS Burke, MK AF Hurley, Patrick T. Halfacre, Angela C. Levine, Norm S. Burke, Marianne K. TI Finding a "Disappearing" Nontimber Forest Resource: Using Grounded Visualization to Explore Urbanization Impacts on Sweetgrass Basketmaking in Greater Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina SO PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHER LA English DT Article DE fringe ecologies; grounded visualization; nontimber forest products; rural gentrification; urbanization ID POLITICAL ECOLOGY; RURAL GENTRIFICATION; GEOGRAPHIES; GIS; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE; ECOSYSTEM; AMERICA; WEST AB Despite growing interest in urbanization and its social and ecological impacts on formerly rural areas, empirical research remains limited. Extant studies largely focus either on issues of social exclusion and enclosure or ecological change. This article uses the case of sweetgrass basketmaking in Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina, to explore the implications of urbanization, including gentrification, for the distribution and accessibility of sweetgrass, an economically important nontimber forest product (NTFP) for historically African American communities, in this rapidly growing area. We explore the usefulness of grounded visualization for research efforts that are examining the existence of "fringe ecologies" associated with NTFP. Our findings highlight the importance of integrated qualitative and quantitative analyses for revealing the complex social and ecological changes that accompany both urbanization and rural gentrification. C1 [Hurley, Patrick T.] Ursinus Coll, Environm Studies Program, Collegeville, PA 19426 USA. [Levine, Norm S.] Coll Charleston, Dept Geol & Environm Geosci, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Burke, Marianne K.] US Forest Serv, SRS, Ctr Forest Watershed Sci, Otto, NC 28734 USA. RP Hurley, PT (reprint author), Ursinus Coll, Environm Studies Program, POB 1000, Collegeville, PA 19426 USA. EM phurley@ursinus.edu; angela.halfacre@furman.edu; levinen@cofc.edu; mburke@fs.fed.us NR 89 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 15 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0033-0124 J9 PROF GEOGR JI Prof. Geogr. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 60 IS 4 BP 556 EP 578 DI 10.1080/00330120802288941 PG 23 WC Geography SC Geography GA 365TT UT WOS:000260432000008 ER PT J AU Bowling, AJ Maxwell, HB Vaughn, KC AF Bowling, Andrew J. Maxwell, H. Brian Vaughn, Kevin C. TI Unusual trichome structure and composition in mericarps of catchweed bedstraw (Galium aparine) SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE Bedstraw; Cell wall composition; Immunocytochemistry; Trichomes ID IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; PRIMARY WALLS; CELLS; MODEL AB Catchweed bedstraw is famous for its ability to adhere to other objects due to the presence of numerous trichomes surrounding the stem and mericarps and on the surfaces of the leaves. These trichomes serve as an efficient vector for the movement of the propagules via animals. In this study, we examined the structure and composition of the mericarp trichomes by microscopic and immunocytochemical techniques to determine the distribution of polysaccharides. Trichomes present around the mericarps are distinguished by a pronounced hooked tip, resembling in many ways those on Velcro (TM). In semi-thin sections, the hooked area of the trichome contains little or no lumen but rather appears to be solidly composed of cell wall material. This solid hook appears to be divided into a plug-like zone of material and a highly thickened primary wall. These trichomes are also compositionally unique. They contain very little xyloglucan, even though other tissues in the plant reacted strongly with antibodies that recognize these polysaccharides. The distribution of pectin epitopes on these hooked trichomes was extremely distinctive, with each of the antibodies recognizing domains along the surface of the primary wall and/or in the plug area. Despite the heavily thickened nature of the walls of these trichomes, xylans were not present. Thus, the unique plugged, thickened, and hooked tip of these trichomes appears to be the result of a specific combination and distribution of various pectic polysaccharide molecules. This unusual wall composition may facilitate the formation of highly curved structures that might be difficult to form with the more rigid xyloglucans and xylans. C1 [Bowling, Andrew J.; Maxwell, H. Brian; Vaughn, Kevin C.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Vaughn, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Kevin.Vaughn@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS Research Associate; NSF FX Andrew J. Bowling was supported in part by the USDA-ARS Research Associate program funding. We thank the many visitors to our poster at the Weed Science Society of America meeting, especially A. DiTommaso, for their many comments on this species and the nature of trichomes in this and related species. Dr. Jarrod Leland graciously allowed the use of his stereo microscope and camera for the examination of living specimens. J. Paul Knox generously provided LM15 antibodies for this study. Production of the CCRC monoclonal antibodies was supported by a NSF grant to Michael Hahn, Complex Carbohydrate Center, U Georgia. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product or brand does not constitute an endorsement of that product or brand by the USDA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PD NOV PY 2008 VL 233 IS 3-4 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1007/s00709-008-0006-7 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 370NS UT WOS:000260769500007 PM 18581040 ER PT J AU Vaughn, KC Bowling, AJ AF Vaughn, Kevin C. Bowling, Andrew J. TI Recovery of microtubules on the blepharoplast of Ceratopteris spermatogenous cells after oryzalin treatment SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE Microtubule organizing center; Spermatogenous cells; Pteridophyte; Oryzalin ID GAMMA-TUBULIN; ORGANIZING CENTERS; HIGHER-PLANTS; LAND PLANTS; NUCLEATION; MARSILEA; APPARATUS; HOMOLOG; CENTRIN; ARRAYS AB Most land plants have ill-defined microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs), consisting of sites on the nuclear envelope or even along microtubules (MTs). In contrast, the spermatogenous cells of the pteridophyte Ceratopteris richardii have a well-defined MTOC, the blepharoplast, which organizes MTs through the last two division cycles. This allows a rare opportunity to study the organization and workings of a structurally well-defined plant MTOC. In this study, antheridial plants were treated with levels of oryzalin that cause complete MT loss from the cells containing blepharoplasts. The oryzalin was then washed out and plants were allowed to recover for varying amounts of time. If the spermatogenous cells were fixed prior to washing out, the blepharoplasts had an unusual appearance. In the matrix (pericentriolar) material where MT ends are normally found, clear areas of about the diameter of MTs were seen embedded in a much deeper matrix, made more obvious in stereo pairs. Occasionally, the matrix material was highly distended, although the basal body template cylinder morphology appeared to be unaltered. The blepharoplasts often occurred as clusters of 2 or 4, indicating that blepharoplast reproduction is not affected by the lack of MTs, but that their movement to the poles is. Gamma (gamma) tubulin antibodies labeled the edge of the blepharoplast in areas where the pits are located, indicating that these might be sites for MT nucleation. After wash out, the new MTs always re-appeared on the blepharoplast and the recovery occurred within an hour of washout. MT lengths increased with increasing washout time and were indistinguishable from untreated blepharoplasts after 24 h of recovery. After washout, arrays formed in new sperm cells such as the spline and basal bodies were often malformed or present in multiple copies, as were the blepharoplasts in these cells prior to wash out. These data indicate that the blepharoplast serves as the site of MT nucleation and organization even after complete MT de-polymerization. C1 [Vaughn, Kevin C.; Bowling, Andrew J.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Vaughn, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Kevin.Vaughn@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS Research Associate FX AJB was supported by a USDA-ARS Research Associate position to KCV. Initial studies of oryzalin treatment and recovery were performed by John Hoffman and Neil Durso. These were used to determine appropriate concentrations of oryzalin treatment and recovery time and are gratefully acknowledged here. Culturing of Ceratopteris was performed by Lynn Libous-Bailey and Brian Maxwell. H. Joshi generously provided the anti-gamma tubulin antibody for use in these experiments. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product or vendor does not constitute an endorsement by the USDA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PD NOV PY 2008 VL 233 IS 3-4 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1007/s00709-008-0007-6 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 370NS UT WOS:000260769500008 PM 18665434 ER PT J AU Clark, PE Hardegree, SP Moffet, CA Pierson, FB AF Clark, Patrick E. Hardegree, Stuart P. Moffet, Corey A. Pierson, Fredrick B. TI Point Sampling to Stratify Biomass Variability in Sagebrush Steppe Vegetation SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forbs; grasses; nondestructive sampling; relative cost; shrubs ID ESTIMATING STANDING CROP; BIG SAGEBRUSH; HERBAGE PRODUCTION; ESTIMATING TWIG; SHRUB BIOMASS; UNITED-STATES; GRASSLANDS; CATTLE; COVER; EQUATIONS AB Cover and yield are two of the most commonly monitored plant attributes in rangeland vegetation surveys. These variables arc usually highly correlated and many previous authors have Suggested point-intercept estimates of plant cover could be used as a surrogate for more expensive and destructive methods of estimating plant biomass. When Measurement variables arc highly correlated, double sampling call be used to prestratify variability in the measurement that is more difficult or costly to obtain, thus improving sampling efficiency. The objective of this study was to examine the cost effectiveness Of using point-intercept data to prestratify variability in subsequent clipped-biomass sampling oil a sagebrush-bunchgrass rangeland site in southern Idaho. Point-intercept and biomass data were obtained for shrub, grass, and forb vegetation in 90 1-m(2) plots. These data were used to develop a synthetic Population of 10000 simulated plots for conducting sensitivity analysis oil alternative double-sampling scenarios. Monte Carlo simulation techniques were used to determine the effect of sampling design on cost and variability of biomass estimates as a function of point-intercept sample size (i), number of point-intercept sample strata (s), and number of biomass samples per stratum (m). Minimization of variability in biomass estimates were always obtained from double-sampling scenarios in which a single median biomass estimate was obtained for 3 given stratum in the point-intercept data. Double-sampling strategies in which half of the point-intercept plots were also measured for biomass yielded a cost savings of 39% with a reduction in biomass-sample precision of 18% +/- 4 SD. The relative loss of precision in biomass estimates (62% +/- 12 SD) became equal to the relative cost savings Of double sampling for scenarios in which the ratio of point-intercept/biomass samples exceeded a value of five. C1 [Clark, Patrick E.; Hardegree, Stuart P.; Pierson, Fredrick B.] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Moffet, Corey A.] USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Clark, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM pclark@nwrc.ars.usda.gov OI Clark, Patrick/0000-0003-4299-1853; Moffet, Corey/0000-0002-7071-7539 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the thorough review and helpful comments provided by D. Ganskopp, M. Borman, M. Sternberg, and two anonymous reviewers. This research was funded by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 61 IS 6 BP 614 EP 622 DI 10.2111/07-147.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 374TX UT WOS:000261067700006 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Svejcar, TJ AF Davies, Kirk W. Svejcar, Tony J. TI Comparison of Medusahead-Invaded and Noninvaded Wyoming Big Sagebrush Steppe in Southeastern Oregon SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE annual grass; Artemisia tridentata; diversity; invasive plants; production; Taeniatherum caput-medusae; weeds ID SAGE GROUSE; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; GRASS RANGE; FIRE; MANAGEMENT; DIVERSITY; SELECTION; ECOSYSTEM; DIETS AB Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae [L.] Nevski) is an exotic, annual grass invading sagebrush steppe rangelands in the western United States. Medusahead invasion has been demonstrated to reduce livestock forage, but otherwise information comparing vegetation characteristics of medusahead-invaded to noninvaded sagebrush steppe communities is limited. This lack of knowledge makes it difficult to determine the cost-benefit ratio of controlling and preventing medusahead invasion. To estimate the impact of medusahead invasion, vegetation characteristics were compared between invaded and noninvaded Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentate subsp. wyomingensis [Beetle & A. Young] S.L. Welsh) steppe communities that had similar soils, topography, climate, and management. Noninvaded plant communities had greater cover and density of all native herbaceous functional groups compared to medusahead-invaded communities (P < 0.01). Large perennial grass cover was 15-fold greater in the noninvaded compared to invaded plant communities. Sagebrush cover and density were greater in the noninvaded compared to the medushahead-invaded communities (P < 0.01). Biomass production of all native herbaceous functional groups Was higher in noninvaded compared to invaded plant communities (P < 0.02). Perennial and annual forb biomass production was 1.9- and 45-fold more, respectively, in the noninvaded than invaded communities. Species richness and diversity were greater in the noninvaded than invaded plant communities (P < 0.01). The results Of this Study suggest that medusahead invasion substantially alters vegetation characteristics Of sagebrush steppe plant communities, and thereby diminishes wildlife habitat, forage production, and ecosystem functions. Because of the broad negative influence of medusahead invasion, greater efforts Should be directed at preventing its continued expansion. C1 [Davies, Kirk W.; Svejcar, Tony J.] USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service and Oregon Stale Agricultural Experiment Station FX The Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center is jointly funded by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service and Oregon Stale Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 51 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 22 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 61 IS 6 BP 623 EP 629 DI 10.2111/08-005.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 374TX UT WOS:000261067700007 ER PT J AU Heitke, JD Henderson, RC Roper, BB Archer, EK AF Heitke, Jeremiah D. Henderson, Richard C. Roper, Brett B. Archer, Eric K. TI Evaluating Livestock Grazing Use With Streambank Alteration Protocols: Challenges and Solutions SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE allowable use standards; annual monitoring indicators; observer variability; riparian grazing; training ID OBSERVER VARIABILITY; STUBBLE HEIGHT; HABITAT; RELIABILITY; ATTRIBUTES; PRECISION; ECOSYSTEM; PROGRAMS; SCIENCE; ACT AB Appropriate management of livestock in riparian areas call help ensure that these ecosystems are maintained. We evaluated how one indicator of livestock grazing in riparian areas, streambank alteration, was affected by choices related to protocols and personnel used for these assessments. We found that although streambank alteration protocols were generally repeatable among observers, results were affected by factors not directly related to grazing intensity, including 1) training, 2) professional background, 3) location and intensity of measurements, and 4) the protocol Used. Training reduced estimates of alteration and observer variability. Rangeland professionals had higher estimates of streambank alteration than seasonal technicians. Rapid assessments of alteration were correlated with more intensive estimates; however, the relationship was not 1:1. Different protocols resulted in different alterations estimates when alterations at the same locations were estimated. Given the large number of monitoring programs, personnel, and methods used to assess streambank alteration, we suggest more thought be given on how to standardize monitoring efforts so results consistently reflect the true amount of alteration at a site. We also remind managers that no protocol can be implemented without some error. Managers should therefore be careful when taking action based on a single evaluation-especially when the result is near a management standard or threshold. When taking concerns are addressed, indicators such is streambank alteration call help ensure management decisions maintain both sustainable allotments and landscapes. C1 [Roper, Brett B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Forest Sci Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Heitke, Jeremiah D.; Henderson, Richard C.; Archer, Eric K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PACFISH INFISH Biol Opin Effectiveness Monitoring, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Roper, BB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Forest Sci Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM broper@fs.fed.us RI Roper, Brett/F-2891-2010 FU USDA Forest Service Fish and Aquatic Ecology Unit; USDA Forest Service; USDI Bureau of Land Management PACFISH/INFISH Biological Opinion Effectiveness Monitoring Program FX Research was funded by the USDA Forest Service Fish and Aquatic Ecology Unit and USDA Forest Service and USDI Bureau of Land Management PACFISH/INFISH Biological Opinion Effectiveness Monitoring Program. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 61 IS 6 BP 647 EP 655 DI 10.2111/08-024.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 374TX UT WOS:000261067700010 ER PT J AU Aida, SR Johan, A Edgardo, M Raquel, CP Edgar, F Miguel, A Silvia, A Nadia, RV Climaco, CP George, I Israili, ZH Hernandez-Hernandez, R Manuel, V AF Aida, Souki-Rincon Johan, Almarza Edgardo, Mengual Raquel, Cano-Penaloza Edgar, Fuenmayor Miguel, Aguirre Silvia, Araujo Nadia, Reyna-Villasmil Climaco, Cano-Ponce George E, Inglett Israili, Zafar H. Hernandez-Hernandez, R. Manuel, Velasco TI Arepas made from beta-Glucans enriched Corn Flour produced low metabolic responses in healthy subjects SO REVISTA LATINOAMERICANA DE HIPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE Insulin response; Glucose response; beta-glucans; Arepa; precooked flour ID GLYCEMIC INDEX; INSULIN RESPONSES; POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE; PLASMA-GLUCOSE; GUAR GUM; RESISTANT STARCH; HIGH AMYLOSE; BARLEY; FOODS; FIBER AB Corn is one of the most important cereals for the nutrition of large groups of the Latin American population and arepa is a very popular corn-based food preparation. In order to study the arepa consumption effects on glucose and insulin response when beta-glucans were added to this preparation, three different meals (white bread, corn flour arepa and arepa with beta-glucans were served as breakfast to fourteen young subjects in random order after an overnight fast, to determine basal and postprandial glucose and insulin levels. One way ANOVA test was carry out to compare glucose and insulin responses between test meals and between basal and postprandial (glucose and Insulin) levels of each meal. Ingestion of white bread and corn arepa increased postprandial insulin 70.1% and 51.8% respectively, but P-glucan arepa increased only 16% postprandial insulin levels, neither white bread and corn arepa nor P-glucan arepa increased significantly postprandial plasma glucose. In conclusion this study shows that by addition of beta-glucan, to corn products like arepa reduces glucose and insulin response. C1 [Aida, Souki-Rincon; Johan, Almarza; Edgardo, Mengual; Raquel, Cano-Penaloza; Edgar, Fuenmayor; Miguel, Aguirre; Nadia, Reyna-Villasmil; Climaco, Cano-Ponce] Univ Zulia, Fac Med, Ctr Invest Endocrinometab Dr Felix Gomez, Maracaibo 4011, Estado Zulia, Venezuela. [Aida, Souki-Rincon; Silvia, Araujo] Univ Zulia, Fac Med, Escuela Nutr & Dietet, Maracaibo 4011, Estado Zulia, Venezuela. [Edgardo, Mengual] Univ Zulia, Fac Med, Inst Invest Biol, Maracaibo 4011, Estado Zulia, Venezuela. [George E, Inglett] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Israili, Zafar H.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Manuel, Velasco] Cent Univ Venezuela, Unidad Farmacol Clin, Escuela Med Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela. RP Aida, SR (reprint author), Univ Zulia, Fac Med, Ctr Invest Endocrinometab Dr Felix Gomez, Ave 20 Sector Paralso, Maracaibo 4011, Estado Zulia, Venezuela. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC LATINOAMERICANA HIPERTENSION PI SAN JOSE PA ESCUELA MEDICINA JOSE MARIA VARGAS, CATEDRA FARMACOLOGIA, PISO 3 ESQ-PIRINEOUS, SAN JOSE, 00000, VENEZUELA SN 1856-4550 J9 REV LATINOAM HIPERTE JI Rev. Latinoam. Hipertens. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 3 IS 7 BP 211 EP 215 PG 5 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 393ZC UT WOS:000262414000002 ER PT J AU Gao, S Qin, R McDonald, JA Hanson, BD Trout, TJ AF Gao, Suduan Qin, Ruijun McDonald, Jason A. Hanson, Bradley D. Trout, Thomas J. TI Field tests of surface seals and soil treatments to reduce fumigant emissions from shank injection of Telone C35 SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE 1,3-dichloropropene; Chloropicrin; Soil fumigation; Emission reduction ID AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE EMISSIONS; METHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; ORGANIC-MATTER; DEGRADATION; AMENDMENT; COLUMNS AB A mixture of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP) (Telone C35) is an increasingly used fumigant product for pre-plant soil fumigation in California, USA. Atmospheric emissions of volatile organic compounds, including these important pesticides, is more heavily regulated in an effort to improve air-quality. Research has identified various methods of reducing fumigant emissions but effective and economically feasible field methods are still needed. The objective of this field study was to determine the effectiveness of several surface seal and soil treatment methods on emissions of 1,3-D and CP from shank-injected Telone C35. Treatments included control (bare surface), pre-irrigation (irrigation prior to fumigation), post-fumigation water seals with or without potassium thiosulfate (KTS) amendment, and standard high density polyethylene (HDPE) tarp over soils amended with either KTS or composted manure. The two KTS treatments resulted in the lowest fumigant emissions; but the soil surface in the treatments developed a reddish-orange color and an unpleasant odor that lasted for a few months. The pre-irrigation reduced emissions more than post-application water seals. An application of composted manure at 12.4 Mg ha(-1) spread over the soil surface followed by HDPE tarp did not reduce 1,3-D emissions compared to the bare soils in this trial, indicating that a better understanding of processes is required in order to effectively use organic amendments for minimizing fumigant emissions. Chloropicrin emissions were generally lower than 1,3-D for all treatments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gao, Suduan; Qin, Ruijun; Hanson, Bradley D.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. [Trout, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [McDonald, Jason A.] Condor Earth Technol Inc, Stockton, CA USA. RP Gao, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA USA. EM Suduan.Gao@ars.usda.gov RI Qin, Ruijun/F-3469-2011; OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 31 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 405 IS 1-3 BP 206 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.021 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 372ZR UT WOS:000260941300022 PM 18640704 ER PT J AU Pelletier, MG Barnes, EM AF Pelletier, Mathew G. Barnes, Edward M. TI Microwave Imaging of Cotton Bales SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Moisture; Sensing; Tomography; Inverse Solution; Image processing; Machine vision AB Modern moisture restoration systems are increasingly capable of adding water to cotton bales. However, research has identified large variations in internal moisture within bales that are not readily monitored by current systems. While microwave moisture sensing systems can measure average bale moisture, this can be deceptive where water is unevenly distributed. In some cases, localized internal moisture levels exceed 7.5%, the upper safe limit for cotton bale storage, as determined by the USDA, as above this level, bales degrade and lose value. A high proportion of stored bales containing excess moisture have been discovered throughout the US in increasing numbers over the past several seasons, making the detection and prevention of this occurrence a critical goal. Previous research by the authors resulted in the development of microwave moisture-sensing technology. The current study examines an extension to this technology to allow for detailed cotton bale moisture imaging. The new technique incorporates a narrow beam imaging antenna coupled to a tomographic imaging algorithm. The imaging technique was able to resolve small (< 1 cm) high-permittivity structures against a low permittivity background. Moreover, the system was able to identify structures of known permittivity with high accuracy ( coefficient of determination (r(2)) > 0.99). In preliminary testing on a wet commercial UD bale, the technique was able to accurately image and resolve the location of the pre-placed internal wet layer. C1 [Pelletier, Mathew G.] ARS, USDA, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. [Barnes, Edward M.] Cotton Inc, Director Agr Res, Cary, NC USA. RP Pelletier, MG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. EM mathew.pelletier@ars.usda.gov; ebarnes@cottoninc.com NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD NOV PY 2008 VL 8 IS 11 BP 7241 EP 7258 DI 10.3390/s8117241 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 376WZ UT WOS:000261215000027 PM 27873926 ER PT J AU Steinweg, JM Plante, AF Conant, RT Paul, EA Tanaka, DL AF Steinweg, J. Megan Plante, Alain F. Conant, Richard T. Paul, Eldor A. Tanaka, Donald L. TI Patterns of substrate utilization during long-term incubations at different temperatures SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carbon utilization efficiency; Long-term incubation; Soil carbon; Temperature ID SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; WEIGHT-LOSS; CARBON; BIOMASS; EFFICIENCY; GROWTH; MICROORGANISMS; DECOMPOSITION; RESPIRATION; SYSTEMS AB Microorganisms play key roles in biogeochemical cycling by facilitating the release of nutrients from organic compounds. In doing so, microbial communities use different organic substrates that yield different amounts of energy for maintenance and growth of the community. Carbon utilization efficiency (CUE) is a measure of the efficiency with which substrate carbon is metabolized versus mineralized by the microbial biomass. In the face of global change, we wanted to know how temperature affected the efficiency by which the soil microbial community utilized an added labile substrate, and to determine the effect of labile soil carbon depletion (through increasing duration of incubation) on the community's ability to respond to an added substrate. Cellobiose was added to soil samples as a model compound at several times over the course of a long-term incubation experiment to measure the amount of carbon assimilated or lost as CO2 respiration. Results indicated that in all cases, the time required for the microbial community to take up the added substrate increased as incubation time prior to substrate addition increased. However, the CUE was not affected by incubation time. Increased temperature generally decreased CUE, thus the microbial community was more efficient at 15 degrees C than at 25 degrees C. These results indicate that at warmer temperatures microbial communities may release more CO2 per unit of assimilated carbon. Current climate-carbon models have a fixed CUE to predict how much CO2 will be released as soil organic matter is decomposed. Based on our findings, this assumption may be incorrect due to variation of CUE with changing temperature. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Steinweg, J. Megan; Conant, Richard T.; Paul, Eldor A.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Campus Delivery Dept 1499, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Steinweg, J. Megan; Conant, Richard T.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Plante, Alain F.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Tanaka, Donald L.] USDA ARS, NGPRL, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Steinweg, JM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Campus Delivery Dept 1499, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM steinweg@nrel.colostate.edu RI Plante, Alain/C-3498-2008; Conant, Richard/B-7586-2013 OI Plante, Alain/0000-0003-0124-6187; Conant, Richard/0000-0001-7315-2476 FU Division of Environmental Biology FX Support for this project was received from NSF Ecosystems Program of the Division of Environmental Biology. The authors wish to thank Rebecca Greenwood for her work in the laboratory and Robert Kolberg, USDA-ARS Mandan, ND for his assistance in site selection and field sampling. NR 31 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 54 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 40 IS 11 BP 2722 EP 2728 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.002 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 373XU UT WOS:000261007600002 ER PT J AU Acosta-Martinez, V Dowd, S Sun, Y Allen, V AF Acosta-Martinez, V. Dowd, S. Sun, Y. Allen, V. TI Tag-encoded pyrosequencing analysis of bacterial diversity in a single soil type as affected by management and land use SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Soil management; Bacterial diversity; 454 Pyrosequencing; Conservation Reserve Program; Land use; Cotton; Integrated crop-livestock production ID RIBOSOMAL DATABASE PROJECT; MICROBIAL BIOMASS-C; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; EXTRACTION METHOD; RNA GENES; RDP-II; ALIGNMENT; QUALITY; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION AB Impacts of management and land use on soil bacterial diversity have not been well documented. Here we present the application of the bacterial tag encoded FIX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) diversity method, which will promote studies in soil microbiomes. Using this modified FIX pyrosequencing approach we evaluated bacterial diversity of a soil (Pullman soil; fine, mixed, thermic Torrertic Paleustolls) with 38% clay and 34% sand (0-5 cm) under four systems. Two non-disturbed grass systems were evaluated including a pasture monoculture (Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz) S.T. Blake) [P] and a diverse mixture of grasses in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). Two agricultural systems were evaluated including a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) -winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L)-corn (Zea mays L) rotation [Ct-W-Cr] and the typical practice of the region, which is continuous monoculture cotton (Ct-Ct). Differences due to land use and management were observed in soil microbial biomass C (CRP > P = Ct-W-Cr > Ct-Ct). Using three estimators of diversity, the maximum number of unique sequences operational taxonomic units (OTU; roughly corresponding to the species level) never exceeded 4500 in these soils at the 3% dissimilarity level. The following trend was found using the most common estimators of bacterial diversity: Ct-W-Cr > P = CRP > Ct-Ct. Predominant phyla in this soil were Actinobacteria, Bacteriodetes and Fermicutes. Bacteriodetes were more predominant in soil under agricultural systems (Ct-W-Cr and Ct-Ct) compared to the same soil under non-disturbed grass systems (P and CRP). The opposite trend was found for the Actinobacteria, which were more predominant under non-disturbed grass systems (P and CRP). Higher G- bacteria and lower G+ bacteria were found under Ct-W-Cr rotation and highest abundance of actinomycetes under CRP. The bTEFAP technique proved to be a powerful method to characterize the bacterial diversity of the soil studied under different management and land use in terms not only on the presence or absence, but also in terms of distribution. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Acosta-Martinez, V.] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Dowd, S.] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Livestock Issues Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Sun, Y.] Med Biofilm Res Inst, Lubbock, TX 79410 USA. [Allen, V.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Thornton Distinguished Chair, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Acosta-Martinez, V (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM veronica.acosta-martinez@ars.usda.gov FU Texas Water Development Board in Austin, Texas, USA FX Funding for this project was provided in part by the Texas Water Development Board in Austin, Texas, USA. The authors would like to give special thanks the 26 farmers participating in this study, which has allowed several studies to be conducted for different areas of research. In addition, thanks to Mr. Jon Cotton for his technical assistance for the DNA extraction from the soil. NR 45 TC 229 Z9 234 U1 13 U2 115 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 40 IS 11 BP 2762 EP 2770 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.022 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 373XU UT WOS:000261007600007 ER PT J AU Jangid, K Williams, MA Franzluebbers, AJ Sanderlin, JS Reeves, JH Jenkins, MB Endale, DM Coleman, DC Whitman, WB AF Jangid, Kamlesh Williams, Mark A. Franzluebbers, Alan J. Sanderlin, Jamie S. Reeves, Jaxk H. Jenkins, Michael B. Endale, Dinku M. Coleman, David C. Whitman, William B. TI Relative impacts of land-use, management intensity and fertilization upon soil microbial community structure in agricultural systems SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 16S rRNA; PLFA; Bacterial community; Microdiversity; Land management; Poultry litter; Cropland; Pasture; Forest ID SOUTHERN PIEDMONT USA; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; POULTRY LITTER; QUANTITATIVE COMPARISONS; BERMUDAGRASS MANAGEMENT; SPECIES RICHNESS; CARBON FLOW; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY AB Soil microbial communities under three agricultural management systems (conventionally tilled crop-land, hayed pasture, and grazed pasture) and two fertilizer systems (inorganic fertilizer and poultry litter) were compared to that of a similar to 150-y-old forest near Watkinsville, Georgia. Both 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analyses indicated that the structure and composition of bacterial communities in the forest soil were significantly different than in the agricultural soils. Within the agricultural soils, the effect of fertilizer amendment on bacterial communities was more dramatic than either land use or season. Fertilizer amendment altered the abundance of more bacterial groups throughout the agricultural soils. In addition, the changes in the composition of bacterial groups were more pronounced in cropland than in pastures. There was much less seasonal variation between the soil libraries. Community-level differences were associated with differences in soil pH, mineralizable carbon and nitrogen, and extractable nutrients. Bacterial community diversity exhibited a complex relationship with the land use intensity in these agro-ecosystems. The pastures had the highest bacterial diversity and could be characterized as having an intermediate degree of intervention compared to low intervention in forest and high intervention in cropland. Changes in bacterial diversity could be attributed to the abundance of a few operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The microdiversity of abundant OTUs in both forest and cropland was consistent with an increase in abundance of many phenotypically similar species rather than a single species for each OTU. Soil microbial communities were significantly altered by long-term agricultural management systems, especially fertilizer amendment, and these results provide a basis for promoting conservation agricultural systems. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jangid, Kamlesh; Whitman, William B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Williams, Mark A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Franzluebbers, Alan J.; Jenkins, Michael B.; Endale, Dinku M.] USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Sanderlin, Jamie S.; Reeves, Jaxk H.] Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Coleman, David C.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jangid, K (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, 1000 Cedar St,527 Biol Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jangidk@gmail.com OI Coleman, David/0000-0003-0390-1501 FU United States Department of Agriculture - National Research Initiative, Soil Processes Program FX This work was supported by a grant from the United States Department of Agriculture - National Research Initiative, Soil Processes Program. NR 58 TC 154 Z9 168 U1 12 U2 129 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 40 IS 11 BP 2843 EP 2853 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.030 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 373XU UT WOS:000261007600017 ER PT J AU Elrashidi, MA Seybold, CA Wysocki, DA Peaslee, SD Ferguson, R West, LT AF Elrashidi, Moustafa Ali Seybold, Cathy A. Wysocki, Douglas A. Peaslee, Steve D. Ferguson, Richard West, Larry T. TI PHOSPHORUS IN RUNOFF FROM TWO WATERSHEDS IN LOST RIVER BASIN, WEST VIRGINIA SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Agricultural watershed; anion exchange resin; phosphorus release characteristics; runoff phosphorus; runoff water ID AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; LAND AB The loss of nutrients in runoff from soils treated with heavy manure application is a major cause of poor surface water quality in the United States. Poultry production in the Hardy County, West Virginia, has increased considerably since the early 1990s. The Lost River basin contains the highest density of poultry houses in the county. Most of phosphorus (P)-rich manure produced is land applied, and concerns over water quality impacts are widespread. The objectives of this study were to apply the Natural Resources Conservation Service technique on two watersheds (Cullers Run and Upper Cove Run) in the Lost River basin to predict the loss of water and P from soils by runoff and to estimate the impact on water quality. The predicted average runoff was 4374 m(3)/ha per year, and agreed with the observed average runoff of 4267 m(3)/ha per year. This gives an annual runoff of 74.6 million m(3) for the two watersheds. The average P loss by runoff was 0.57, 1.98, and 5.51 kg/ha per year from soils under forest, pasture, and crop, respectively. The high P loss by runoff was probably associated with application of P fertilizer or poultry manure to cropped soils. The total annual loss of P from soils by runoff was estimated at 16,435 kg. The predicted P concentration varied widely in runoff water generated from different soils and land covers. The average P concentration in runoff water was 133, 432, and 1146 mu g/L for forestland, pastureland, and cropland, respectively. The predicted average P concentration in runoff was 224 mu g/L for the two watersheds. However, the observed P concentration was very low (1.3-13.3 mu g/L) in the monthly water samples (January-December 2006) collected from the Lost River, where the pH ranged between 7.6 and 8.4. The average pH in soils was 4.22, 5.42, and 6.15 for forestland, pastureland, and cropland, respectively. Changing the pH of runoff water from acidic (soils) to the alkaline range in the Lost River could precipitate calcium phosphates and decrease P concentration in water. The technique predicted P concentration in runoff at the edge of field. The increase in water pH as well as P removal by aquatic weeds and algae could be the cause of the low P concentration observed in the Lost River. (Soil Science 2008;173:792-806) C1 [Elrashidi, Moustafa Ali; Seybold, Cathy A.; Wysocki, Douglas A.; Peaslee, Steve D.; Ferguson, Richard; West, Larry T.] USDA NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Elrashidi, MA (reprint author), USDA NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, 100 Centennial Mall N, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM moustafa.elrashidi@lin.usda.gov FU National Soil Survey Center FX The authors thank Robert J. Ahrens of the National Soil Survey Center for his support during the course of this study. The authors also thank Stephen Carpenter, Jared Beard, and Wendy Noll of the NRCS/West Virginia for their technical assistance in field work and soil/water sampling. The authors also thank members of the Soil Survey Laboratory Richard Ferguson, patty Jones, Chris Lee, Kathy Newman, Pam VanNeste, Thom Zimmer, Christal Schaecher, and Jan Lang for the soil and water analysis. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 173 IS 11 BP 792 EP 806 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e31818a5495 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 372XP UT WOS:000260935900005 ER PT J AU Wuest, SB Schillinger, WF AF Wuest, Stewart B. Schillinger, Williams F. TI Small-Increment Electric Soil Sampler SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Measurement of soil bulk density and volumetric water content in small (<= 2-cm) depth increments is tedious and time consuming. Most methods require compositing several subsamples to control measurement error, and few are feasible with loose, dry soils. We developed and tested a sampler that uses an electric linear actuator to push an intact soil core out of the sampling tube. The soil core is maintained in an upright position and protected from fracturing by remaining inside the tube until sectioned with a cutting saw. Precise length increments and flat cuts are easily obtained, even in loose soils. Compared with existing incremental sampling technology developed 30 yr ago, the electric sampler reduced sample variability by half. The electric sampler requires only 7 min to collect a 26-cm core and section it into 2-cm increments, compared with 20 min per core with the older sampler. C1 [Wuest, Stewart B.] USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Schillinger, Williams F.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Dryland Res Stat, Lind, WA 99341 USA. RP Wuest, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM Stewart.Wuest@ars.usda.gov OI Schillinger, William/0000-0001-9285-8159 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1554 EP 1556 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0412N PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 373KQ UT WOS:000260970900008 ER PT J AU Burger, M Venterea, RT AF Burger, Martin Venterea, Rodney T. TI Nitrogen Immobilization and Mineralization Kinetics of Cattle, Hog, and Turkey Manure Applied to Soil SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS NITROGEN; VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; CARBON MINERALIZATION; AVAILABLE NITROGEN; EXTRACTION METHOD; OXIDE PRODUCTION; POULTRY MANURE; WASTE COMPOSTS; USE EFFICIENCY; NITRIC-OXIDE AB Nitrogen mineralization and immobilization following manure application are critical processes influencing plant N supply and offsite N losses. We conducted laboratory experiments to examine the influence of these two processes in addition to N oxide gas production on N availability for 180 d following manure addition. A Tara loam (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Aquic Hapludoll) and a Webster clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquoll) amended with liquid dairy (Bos taurus) manure (LD) were incubated at 25 and 10 degrees C, while Tara soil amended with solid dairy manure (SD) and turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) manure (T), and Webster soil amended with liquid hog (Sus scrofa) manure (H), were incubated at 25 degrees C. Maximum net N immobilization was 14 and 40% of the initial NH4+ concentration in H and LD, respectively, and persisted for 35 to 180 d. In LID, H, and T-amended soils, net manure N mineralization was not apparent, and there was good agreement between initial NH4+ content and available inorganic N from the manure. These data suggest that, for these manure types, estimates of first-season available N would be improved by measuring manure NH4+. In contrast, in soil amended with SID, which had the lowest initial NH4+ content, 22% of organic N was mineralized. Gaseous N losses were <1% of the added N in all treatments. The previously developed model NCSOIL was used to predict plant N availability and NO3- leaching potential with various manure incorporation dates. Under climate conditions typical of the Upper Midwest, no clear advantage of late fall compared with spring incorporation of manure with regard to N availability could be shown, but NO3- leaching potential seemed high with early fall incorporation. C1 [Burger, Martin; Venterea, Rodney T.] USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Burger, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dep Land Air & Water Resources, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mburger@ucdavis.edu RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009 NR 59 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1570 EP 1579 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0118 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 373KQ UT WOS:000260970900011 ER PT J AU Ma, LW Malone, RW Jaynes, DB Thorp, KR Ahuja, LR AF Ma, Liwang Malone, R. W. Jaynes, D. B. Thorp, K. R. Ahuja, L. R. TI Simulated Effects of Nitrogen Management and Soil Microbes on Soil Nitrogen Balance and Crop Production SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE WATER; TILE-DRAINAGE; NITRATE LOSS; CORN YIELD; FERTILIZER APPLICATION; APPLICATION RATES; MAIZE PRODUCTION; NO3-N LOSSES; HYBRID MODEL; RZWQM AB Searching for environmentally friendly N management practices in the midwestern United States is an ongoing task in the agricultural community. Many practices have shown promise in reducing N in the drainage that may contribute to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. In this study, an agricultural system in central Iowa, managed using a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation from 1996 to 2005 was evaluated with the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) for crop yield, grain N, annual N loss in tile drainage flow, and residual soil NO3-N under high (H, 199 kg N ha(-1)), medium (M, 138 kg N ha(-1)), and low (L, 69 kg N ha(-1)) N application rates shortly after planting, and a split (S, 69 kg N h(-1) shortly after planting and again at midseason) N treatment. The model adequately simulated the responses of yield and N loss to N application rates. Simulated N losses to drainage flow from 1996 to 2005 were 348, 277, and 228 kg N ha(-1) for the H, M, and L treatments, respectively, compared with corresponding measured values of 369, 265, and 201 kg N ha(-1). The S treatment had simulated and measured total N losses in drainage flow of 194 and 172 kg N ha(-1), respectively, from 1999 to 2005. The study also demonstrated that RZWQM without soil microbial growth produced very similar simulation results for crop production and soil N and water balances as RZWQM with dynamic soil microbial growth. C1 [Ma, Liwang; Ahuja, L. R.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Malone, R. W.; Jaynes, D. B.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Thorp, K. R.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Ma, LW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Liwang.Ma@ars.usda.gov RI Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009 OI Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X NR 34 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1594 EP 1603 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0404 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 373KQ UT WOS:000260970900014 ER PT J AU Saccone, L Conley, DJ Likens, GE Bailey, SW Buso, DC Johnson, CE AF Saccone, Loredana Conley, Daniel J. Likens, Gene E. Bailey, Scott W. Buso, Donald C. Johnson, Chris E. TI Factors that Control the Range and Variability of Amorphous Silica in Soils in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATERSHED-ECOSYSTEM; BIOGENIC SILICA; ORGANIC-MATTER; ACCUMULATION; PLANTS; OCEAN AB In terrestrial ecosystems, the largest pool of amorphous silica (ASi) is stored in soils and is an important reservoir of biologically active Si for the global biogeochemical cycling of Si. Only limited data are available that quantify the size of this reservoir and often these estimates are made from the physical separation of silt-sized phytoliths, which can underestimate the ASi pool. Soil samples from five watersheds in a temperate-zone continental ecosystem at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, were analyzed for ASi using alkaline digestion. Soils from two of the watersheds were analyzed after experimental forest removal. In undisturbed watersheds, ASi was concentrated at the surface of the soil profile, similar to organic matter, and then progressively decreased with depth. This investigation supports our hypothesis that forest disturbance leads to redistribution of Si in the soil. In fact, although deforestation led to significant decreases in ASi in the upper soil horizons, total profile ASi (similar to 17,400 kg SiO2 ha(-1)) remained essentially unchanged, implying translocation downward. Significant increases in the transport of dissolved silica (DSi) by rivers have been observed With deforestation, however, in which the ASi pool in soils may play an important role. Additional studies should target the potential role of ASi as a buffer for DSi losses from deforested watersheds. C1 [Saccone, Loredana] Natl Environm Res Inst, Dep Marine Ecol, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Conley, Daniel J.] Lund Univ, Dept Geol, GeoBiosphere Sci Ctr, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Likens, Gene E.; Buso, Donald C.] Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Bailey, Scott W.] US Forest Serv, Campton, NH 03223 USA. [Johnson, Chris E.] Syracuse Univ, Dep Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Saccone, L (reprint author), Natl Environm Res Inst, Dep Marine Ecol, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM loredana@saccone.co.uk RI Johnson, Chris/A-6979-2011; OI Johnson, Chris/0000-0001-9079-813X; Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X FU U.S. Forest Service; National Science Foundation (NSF) FX We thank the SiWEBS Project (European Union Research Training Network, HPRN-CT-2002-0218), the BSiCLE Project (Danish Research Agency, FNU 21-04-0343), and the COGCI (Copenhagen Global Change Initiative, Copenhagen University), which provided support and made this project possible. Funding for data from the reference watersheds and the cutting experiments at the HBEF was provided by the U.S. Forest Service and the National Science Foundation (NSF). The HBEF is currently an NSF-funded Long-Term Experimental Research site and is operated and maintained by the Northern Research Station of the U.S. Forest Service, Newtown Square, PA. A special thanks goes to Jacob Carstensen (NERI) for helping with the statistical analysis. This is a contribution of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study. NR 34 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1637 EP 1644 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0117 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 373KQ UT WOS:000260970900019 ER PT J AU Olk, DC AF Olk, Dan C. TI Improved Analytical Techniques for Carbohydrates, Amino Compounds, and Phenols: Tools for Understanding Soil Processes SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; ANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRIFLUOROACETIC-ACID HYDROLYSIS; GAS-LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; N-15 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; NITROUS-OXIDE FLUX; ORGANIC-MATTER; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; CARBON AB A process-level understanding of soil C and N cycling will be facilitated by accurate measurement of biochemical compounds in soil organic matter. This review summarizes some recent developments in analytical procedures for measuring soil carbohydrates, amino compounds (amino acids and amino sugars), and phenols. The emphasis is on methods for soil carbohydrates and amino compounds involving anion chromatography and pulsed amperometry, a sensitive form of detection that has otherwise not been widely used in soil science. This carbohydrate procedure has become a leading method, with high resolution, sensitivity, and reproducibility. The pulsed amperometry analysis for amino compounds may be incrementally better than the conventional approach by HCl extraction, cation exchange chromatography, ninhydrin derivatization, and detection by visible light absorption. The two amino approaches need more rigorous comparison with regard to extraction efficiency and sensitivity for each amino compound. The pulsed amperometry approach also needs evaluation in a wider range of research settings. A recently developed procedure for measuring soil phenols is based on plant biochemistry studies and distinguishes ether-linked phenols (mostly vanillyl and syringyl) from ester-linked phenols (mostly coumaric acid and ferulic acid). Its applications in a limited number of studies linked specific phenols to soil aggregation and C sequestration. It needs calibration with other phenol methods favored by soil scientists and biogeochemists, and it needs to be evaluated in a range of research settings. Like the pulsed amperometry analysis for amino compounds, this distinction of ether- and ester-linked phenols is likely to complement existing techniques. A future goal will be the integration of results from complementary analyses for these biochemical compounds to help us better understand soil processes. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Olk, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dan.olk@ars.usda.gov NR 104 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 35 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1672 EP 1682 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0406 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 373KQ UT WOS:000260970900023 ER PT J AU Olk, DC Fortuna, A Honeycutt, CW AF Olk, D. C. Fortuna, A. Honeycutt, C. W. TI Using Anion Chromatography-Pulsed Amperometry to Measure Amino Compounds in Dairy Manure-Amended Soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; ORGANIC NITROGEN; HOMOIONIC MONTMORILLONITE; ACID-COMPOSITION; SLURRY NITROGEN; PIG SLURRY; HYDROLYSIS; PLANT; IMMOBILIZATION; AVAILABILITY AB Amino acids and amino sugars comprise the bulk of soil N, so information on their chemical forms and cycling patterns should enable better understanding of soil N cycling. In this study of soil samples that had received animal manure, we evaluated the capabilities of a recently developed analysis for soil amino compounds (19 amino acids, two amino sugars) that consists of methanesulfonic acid extraction, anion chromatography, and pulsed amperometry detection. Soil samples were taken from a 28-d laboratory incubation of nine soils from six soil orders in six U.S. states that were amended with dairy manure slurry at a rate to Simulate 300 kg N ha(-1). Manuring resulted in enrichment of the soils by nearly all measured amino compounds but to varying degrees. These enriched levels were relatively stable against mineralization during the short-term incubation, with most compounds having decreased modestly in concentration (mean 11%) by the end of the incubation, in contrast to slight increases (mean 3%) for three compounds that are associated with microbial activity and were not overly abundant in the manure: ornithine, glucosamine, and galactosamine. Several measurements of the extracted amino compounds varied significantly among the nine soils. Our results illustrated some shortcomings of this analytical approach, including instability of small peaks and the need for a second extraction mode to maximize extraction of certain amino compounds. We identified 41 to 43% of the total soil N as amino compounds for all soils and treatments, which is comparable to results reported previously for the conventional analysis involving HCl extraction and cation chromatography. Compared with conventional analysis, this approach might more efficiently extract basic amino acids and less efficiently extract acidic amino acids. Overall we found this approach to be a useful analysis. C1 [Olk, D. C.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Fortuna, A.] Washington State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Honeycutt, C. W.] USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Olk, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dan.olk@ars.usda.gov RI Fortuna, Ann-Marie/G-4884-2012 NR 43 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1711 EP 1720 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0420 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 373KQ UT WOS:000260970900027 ER PT J AU Pikul, JL Johnson, JMF Schumacher, TE Vigil, M Riedell, WE AF Pikul, Joseph L., Jr. Johnson, Jane M. F. Schumacher, Thomas E. Vigil, Merle Riedell, Walter E. TI Change in Surface Soil Carbon under Rotated Corn in Eastern South Dakota SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON; CROP-ROTATION; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; TILLAGE; TERM; YIELD; SEQUESTRATION; MANAGEMENT; RESIDUES; BELT AB A diversified crop rotation may reduce fertilizer N inputs for corn (Zea mays L.) and increase soil organic C (SOC). Our objectives were to determine the effects of crop rotation and fertilizer N on soil C within the surface soil (0-15-cm depth). Rotations were started in 1990 on a Barnes sandy clay loam near Brookings, SD. Measurements of SOC began in 1996. Primary tillage since 1996 was chisel plow. All crop residues were returned to the soil. Rotations were continuous corn (CC), corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and corn-soybean-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) companion seeded with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-alfalfa hay (CSWA). Uncropped treatments included perennial grasses. Corn N treatments were based on the soil NO3 test and yield goal. Corn was fertilized for a grain yield of 8.5 Mg ha(-1) (high N), 5.3 Mg ha(-1) (mid N), and no N. Under grass, SOC increased 3.8 Mg C ha(-1) from 1996 to 2006. Continuous corn under high N returned 34% more aboveground plant C (PC) to the soil compared with the CSWA rotation, but this did not offset the SOC loss. Under high N, there was a loss of 2.3 Mg C ha(-1) in the surface soil from CC and a gain of 0.3 Mg C ha(-1) from CSWA (1996-2006). There was a significant effect of fertilizer N addition and rotation on SOC. A combination of greater crop diversity and fewer tillage operations on CSWA, compared with CC, probably contributed to a balance of SOC (return of PC approximate to loss of SOC). C1 [Pikul, Joseph L., Jr.; Riedell, Walter E.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Johnson, Jane M. F.] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Schumacher, Thomas E.] S Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Vigil, Merle] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Pikul, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM joseph.pikul@ars.usda.gov OI Johnson, Jane/0000-0002-1687-4007 NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1738 EP 1744 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0020 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 373KQ UT WOS:000260970900030 ER PT J AU Johnson, DW Todd, DE Trettin, CF Mulholland, PJ AF Johnson, D. W. Todd, D. E., Jr. Trettin, C. F. Mulholland, P. J. TI Decadal Changes in Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium in a Deciduous Forest Soil SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MIXED OAK FOREST; ALLEGHENY PLATEAU; NUTRIENT; NITROGEN; PENNSYLVANIA; ECOSYSTEMS; TENNESSEE; BUDGETS; CARBON; PERIOD AB Decadal changes in soil exchangeable K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations and contents from 1972 to 2004 in eight intensively monitored plots on Walker Branch Watershed were compared with estimates of increments or decrements in vegetation and detritus. The results from these eight plots compared favorably with those from a more extensive set from 24 soil sampling plots sampled in 1972 and 2004. Increases in exchangeable K+ were noted between 1972 and 1982, but few changes were noted between 1982 and 2004 despite significant increments in vegetation and detritus and significant potential losses by leaching. Total K contents of soils in the 0- to 60-cm sampling depth were very large and a slight amount of weathering could have replenished the K+ lost from exchanges sites. With one notable exception, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations and contents decreased continuously during the sampling period. Decreases in exchangeable Ca2+ could be attributed mostly to increments in biomass and detritus, whereas decreases in exchangeable Mg2+ could not and were attributed to leaching. The major exception to these patterns was in the case of exchangeable Ca2+, where significant increases were noted in one plot and attributed to Ca release from the decomposition of Ca-rich coarse woody debris from oak (Quercus spp.) mortality. With minor exceptions, soils and changes in soils among the eight intensively sampled core plots were similar to those in a more extensive set of plots distributed across the watershed. This study shows that averaging among plots can mask significant and important spatial patterns in soil change that must be taken into account in assessing long-term trends. C1 [Johnson, D. W.] Univ Nevada, Dep Nat Resource & Environ Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Todd, D. E., Jr.; Mulholland, P. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Trettin, C. F.] US Forest Serv, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Johnson, DW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dep Nat Resource & Environ Sci, Ieischmann Agr Bldg 370, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM dwj@cabnr.unr.edu RI Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1795 EP 1805 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0229 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 373KQ UT WOS:000260970900036 ER PT J AU Warren, JG Sistani, KR Way, TR Mays, DA Pote, DH AF Warren, Jason G. Sistani, Karamat R. Way, Thomas R. Mays, David A. Pote, Daniel H. TI A New Method of Poultry Litter Application to Perennial Pasture: Subsurface Banding SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ONE-TIME TILLAGE; PHOSPHORUS RUNOFF; NO-TILL; SURFACE; FERTILIZER; SOILS AB Recently, incorporation of poultry titter by subsurface hand application into pasture has been shown to reduce surface runoff transport of nutrients; however, data to evaluate the impact of this potential management strategy on forage production, forage nutrient concentrations, or the accumulation of soil nutrients after multiyear applications is limited. Therefore, two experiments, one in bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and one in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were initiated in which treatments included (i) a standard commercial fertilizer application, (ii) a surface broadcast litter application, (iii) Poultry litter applied in subsurface bands placed 25 cm apart, and (iv) Poultry litter applied in subsurface bands placed 38 cm apart. The experiments were conducted for 3 yr on a Hartsells (fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludult) soil at Crossville, AL, and showed that subsurface band applications resulted in forage yields equivalent to those achieved by conventional broadcast litter applications. Subsurface band applications also did not generally impact forage N, P, and K concentrations compared with surface litter applications. Three years of subsurface band applications to a depth of approximately 4 cm did not significantly alter the Mehlich 3 extractable nutrient content of soils collected at a depth of 0 to 15 cm. Data suggest, however, that subsurface band application would allow increases in subsurface movement of nutrients, as was evidenced by increased Cu concentrations at the 15- to 30-cm depth. The data suggest that the environmental benefits of subsurface band application of poultry litter into grass production systems are achieved without detrimental impacts on forage productivity or nutrient concentrations. C1 [Warren, Jason G.; Sistani, Karamat R.] USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Way, Thomas R.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Mays, David A.] Alabama A&M Univ, Dep Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Pote, Daniel H.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Warren, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, 230 Bennett Ln, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM Jason.warren@okstate.edu NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1831 EP 1837 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0423 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 373KQ UT WOS:000260970900040 ER PT J AU Qi, LL Pumphrey, MO Friebe, B Chen, PD Gill, BS AF Qi, L. L. Pumphrey, M. O. Friebe, Bernd Chen, P. D. Gill, B. S. TI Molecular cytogenetic characterization of alien introgressions with gene Fhb3 for resistance to Fusarium head blight disease of wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; COMMON WHEAT; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; PHYSICAL MAPS; BREAD WHEAT; CHROMOSOME; IDENTIFICATION; LINES; LOCI; TRANSLOCATIONS AB Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance was identified in the alien species Leymus racemosus, and wheat-Leymus introgression lines with FHB resistance were reported previously. Detailed molecular cytogenetic analysis of alien introgressions T01, T09, and T14 and the mapping of Fhb3, a new gene for FHB resistance, are reported here. The introgression line T09 had an unknown wheat-Leymus translocation chromosome. A total of 36 RFLP markers selected from the seven homoeologous groups of wheat were used to characterize T09 and determine the homoeologous relationship of the introgressed Leymus chromosome with wheat. Only short arm markers for group 7 detected Leymus-specific fragments in T09, whereas 7AS-specific RFLP fragments were missing. C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization results indicated that T09 has a compensating Robertsonian translocation T7AL.7Lr#1S involving the long arm of wheat chromosome 7A and the short arm of Leymus chromosome 7Lr#1 substituting for chromosome arm 7AS of wheat. Introgression lines T01 (2n = 44) and T14 (2n = 44) each had two pairs of independent translocation chromosomes. T01 had T4BS.4BL-7Lr#1S + T4BL-7Lr#1S.5Lr#1S. T14 had T6BS.6BL-7Lr#1S + T6BL.5Lr#1S. These translocations were recovered in the progeny of the irradiated line Lr#1 (T5Lr#1S.7Lr#1S). The three translocation lines, T01, T09, and T14, and the disomic addition 7Lr#1 were consistently resistant to FHB in greenhouse point-inoculation experiments, whereas the disomic addition 5Lr#1 was susceptible. The data indicated that at least one novel FHB resistance gene from Leymus, designated Fhb3, resides in the distal region of the short arm of chromosome 7Lr#1, because the resistant translocation lines share a common distal segment of 7Lr#1S. Three PCR-based markers, BE586744-STS, BE404728-STS, and BE586111-STS, specific for 7Lr#1S were developed to expedite marker-assisted selection in breeding programs. C1 [Qi, L. L.; Friebe, Bernd; Gill, B. S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Pumphrey, M. O.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Chen, P. D.] Nanjing Agr Univ, Natl Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Friebe, B (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM friebe@ksu.edu FU McKnight Foundation; WGGRC; US Department of Agriculture [59-0790-7-075]; US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative (USBWI); Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station [08-339J]; Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA [KS 66506-5502] FX This project was supported by the McKnight Foundation, WGGRC, and the US Department of Agriculture under agreement no. 59-0790-7-075. This was a cooperative project with the US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative (USBWI). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. We thank Dr. R. A. McIntosh and W. J. Raupp for critical reading of the manuscript and D. L. Wilson for excellent technical assistance. This is contribution number 08-339J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5502, USA. NR 55 TC 49 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 117 IS 7 BP 1155 EP 1166 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0853-9 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 359WU UT WOS:000260019800012 PM 18712343 ER PT J AU Abu Qamar, M Liu, ZH Faris, JD Chao, S Edwards, MC Lai, Z Franckowiak, JD Friesen, TL AF Abu Qamar, M. Liu, Z. H. Faris, J. D. Chao, S. Edwards, M. C. Lai, Z. Franckowiak, J. D. Friesen, T. L. TI A region of barley chromosome 6H harbors multiple major genes associated with net type net blotch resistance SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TERES F-TERES; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; HOST-SELECTIVE TOXINS; PYRENOPHORA-TERES; DRECHSLERA-TERES; HORDEUM-VULGARE; LINKAGE MAP; WHEAT; GENOME; MARKERS AB Net type net blotch (NTNB), caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres Drechs., is prevalent in barley growing regions worldwide. A population of 118 doubled haploid (DH) lines developed from a cross between barley cultivars 'Rika' and 'Kombar' were used to evaluate resistance to NTNB due to their differential reaction to various isolates of P. teres f. teres. Rika was resistant to P. teres f. teres isolate 15A and susceptible to isolate 6A. Conversely, Kombar was resistant to 6A, but susceptible to 15A. A progeny isolate of a 15A x 6A cross identified as 15A x 6A#4 was virulent on both parental lines. The Rika/Kombar (RK) DH population was evaluated for disease reactions to the three isolates. Isolate 15A induced a resistant:susceptible ratio of 78:40 (R:S) whereas isolate 6A induced a resistant:susceptible ratio of 40:78. All but two lines had opposite disease reactions indicating two major resistance genes linked in repulsion. Progeny isolate 15A x 6A#4 showed a resistant:susceptible ratio of 1:117 with the one resistant line also being the single line that was resistant to both 15A and 6A. An RK F(2) population segregated in a 1:3 (R:S) ratio for both 15A and 6A indicating that resistance is recessive. Molecular markers were used to identify a region on chromosome 6H that harbors the two NTNB resistance genes. This work shows that multiple NTNB resistance genes exist at the locus on chromosome 6H, and the recombinant DH line harboring the resistance alleles from both parents will be useful for the development of NTNB-resistant barley germplasm. C1 [Faris, J. D.; Chao, S.; Edwards, M. C.; Friesen, T. L.] ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, USDA, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Abu Qamar, M.; Liu, Z. H.; Lai, Z.; Friesen, T. L.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Franckowiak, J. D.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Friesen, TL (reprint author), ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, USDA, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM timothy.friesen@ars.usda.gov FU American Malting Barley Association; USDA-ARS [5442-22000-043-00D, 5442-22000-030-00D] FX Authors would like to thank Danielle Holmes for technical assistance. This research was supported by the US Barley Genome Project, the American Malting Barley Association and by USDA-ARS CRIS projects 5442-22000-043-00D and 5442-22000-030-00D. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 117 IS 8 BP 1261 EP 1270 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0860-x PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 367BE UT WOS:000260526700006 PM 18712341 ER PT J AU Kim, SI Andaya, CB Newman, JW Goyal, SS Tai, TH AF Kim, S. I. Andaya, C. B. Newman, J. W. Goyal, S. S. Tai, T. H. TI Isolation and characterization of a low phytic acid rice mutant reveals a mutation in the rice orthologue of maize MIK SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LOW-PHYTATE MUTATIONS; INOSITOL-HEXAKISPHOSPHATE; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; SOYBEAN LINES; MYOINOSITOL; PHOSPHATE; SEEDS; GENERATION; L.; ACCUMULATION AB Using a forward genetics approach, we isolated two independent low phytic acid (lpa) rice mutants, N15-186 and N15-375. Both mutants are caused by single gene, recessive non-lethal mutations, which result in approximately 75% (N15-186) and 43% (N15-375) reductions in seed phytic acid (inositol hexakisphosphate). High-performance liquid chromatography and GC-MS analysis of seed extracts from N15-186 indicated that, in addition to phytic acid, inositol monophosphate was significantly reduced whereas inorganic phosphorus and myo-inositol were greatly increased when compared with wild-type. The changes observed in N15-186 resemble those previously described for the maize lpa3 mutant. Analysis of N15-375 revealed changes similar to those observed in previously characterized rice lpa1 mutants (i.e. significant reduction in phytic acid and corresponding increase in inorganic phosphorus with little or no change in inositol phosphate intermediates or myo-inositol). Further genetic analysis of the N15-186 mutant indicated that the mutation, designated lpa N15-186, was located in a region on chromosome 3 between the microsatellite markers RM15875 and RM15907. The rice orthologue of maize lpa3, which encodes a myo-inositol kinase, is in this interval. Sequence analysis of the N15-186 allele of this orthologue (Os03g52760) revealed a single base pair change (C/G to T/A) in the first exon of the gene, which results in a nonsense mutation. Our results indicate that lpa N15-186 is a mutant allele of the rice myo-inositol kinase (OsMIK) gene. Identification and characterization of lpa mutants, such as N15-186, will facilitate studies on the regulation of phytic acid biosynthesis and accumulation and help address questions concerning the contribution of the inositol lipid-dependent and independent biosynthetic pathways to the production of seed phytic acid. C1 [Kim, S. I.; Tai, T. H.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit,Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Newman, J. W.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Tai, TH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit,Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Thomas.Tai@ars.usda.gov FU National Research Initiative of the United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [005-35301-15708] FX The project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2005-35301-15708 (T.H.T). We gratefully acknowledge technical assistance from P. M. Colowit and T. Caravello. We are also thankful to J. Neil Rutger and Victor Raboy for critical reading of the manuscript and helpful suggestions for improvement. NR 40 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 117 IS 8 BP 1291 EP 1301 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0863-7 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 367BE UT WOS:000260526700009 PM 18726583 ER PT J AU Cuevas, HE Staub, JE Simon, PW Zalapa, JE McCreight, JD AF Cuevas, H. E. Staub, J. E. Simon, P. W. Zalapa, J. E. McCreight, J. D. TI Mapping of genetic loci that regulate quantity of beta-carotene in fruit of US Western Shipping melon (Cucumis melo L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; PHYTOENE SYNTHASE; TRAIT LOCI; QUALITY TRAITS; SEQUENCE DATABASE; LINKAGE MAPS; SATIVUS L.; QTL; BIOSYNTHESIS; IDENTIFICATION AB Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is highly nutritious vegetable species and an important source of beta-carotene (Vitamin A), which is an important nutrient in the human diet. A previously developed set of 81 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from Group Cantalupensis US Western Shipper market type germplasm was examined in two locations [Wisconsin (WI) and California (CA), USA] over 2 years to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with quantity of beta-carotene (Q beta C) in mature fruit. A moderately saturated 256-point RIL-based map [104 SSR, 7 CAPS, 4 SNP in putative carotenoid candidate genes, 140 dominant markers and one morphological trait (a) spanning 12 linkage groups (LG)] was used for Q beta C-QTL analysis. Eight QTL were detected in this evaluation that were distributed across four LG that explained a significant portion of the associated phenotypic variation for Q beta C (R(2) = 8 to 31.0%). Broad sense heritabilities for Q beta C obtained from RIL grown in WI. and CA were 0.56 and 0.68, respectively, and 0.62 over combined locations. The consistence of Q beta C in high/low RIL within location across years was confirmed in experiments conducted over 2 years. QTL map positions were not uniformly associated with putative carotenoid genes, although one QTL (beta-car6.1) interval was located 10 cM from a beta-carotene hydroxylase gene. These results suggest that accumulation of beta-carotene in melon is under complex genetic control. This study provides the initial step for defining the genetic control of Q beta C in melon leading to the development of varieties with enhanced beta-carotene content. C1 [Cuevas, H. E.; Staub, J. E.; Simon, P. W.; Zalapa, J. E.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit,Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [McCreight, J. D.] ARS, USDA, Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Cuevas, HE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit,Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM hcuevas@wisc.edu NR 69 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 117 IS 8 BP 1345 EP 1359 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0868-2 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 367BE UT WOS:000260526700014 PM 18773190 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Chao, S Manthey, F Chicaiza, O Brevis, JC Echenique, V Dubcovsky, J AF Zhang, W. Chao, S. Manthey, F. Chicaiza, O. Brevis, J. C. Echenique, V. Dubcovsky, J. TI QTL analysis of pasta quality using a composite microsatellite and SNP map of durum wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID YELLOW PIGMENT CONTENT; GRAIN PROTEIN-CONTENT; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; L. VAR. DURUM; GLUTEN STRENGTH; LIPOXYGENASE ACTIVITY; COOKING QUALITY; TRITICUM-DURUM; SSP DURUM; COLOR AB Bright yellow color, firmness and low cooking loss are important factors for the production of good-quality pasta products. However, the genetic factors underlying those traits are still poorly understood. To fill this gap we developed a population of 93 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) from the cross between experimental line UC1113 (intermediate pasta quality) with the cultivar Kofa (excellent pasta quality). A total of 269 markers, including 23 SNP markers, were arranged on 14 linkage groups covering a total length of 2,140 cM. Samples from each RIL from five different environments were used for complete pasta quality testing and the results from each year were used for QTL analyses. The combined effect of different loci, environment and their interactions were analyzed using factorial ANOVAs for each trait. We identified major QTLs for pasta color on chromosomes 1B, 4B, 6A, 7A and 7B. The 4B QTL was linked to a polymorphic deletion in the Lpx-B1.1 lipoxygenase locus, suggesting that it was associated with pigment degradation during pasta processing. The 7B QTL for pasta color was linked to the Phytoene synthase 1 (Psy-B1) locus suggesting difference in pigment biosynthesis. QTLs affecting pasta firmness and cooking loss were detected on chromosomes 5A and 7B, and in both cases they were overlapping with QTL for grain protein content and wet gluten content. These last two parameters were highly correlated with pasta firmness (R > 0.71) and inversely correlated to cooking loss (R < -0.37). The location and effect of other QTLs affecting grain size and weight, gluten strength, mixing properties, and ash content are also discussed. C1 [Zhang, W.; Chicaiza, O.; Brevis, J. C.; Dubcovsky, J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chao, S.] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Manthey, F.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Echenique, V.] Univ Nacl Sur, CERZOS, Dept Agron, CONICET, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. RP Dubcovsky, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Av, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jdubcovsky@ucdavis.edu RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008 OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA; Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) [2006-55606-16629] FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) CAP grant number 2006-55606-16629. We thank Francisco Maciel for his help with the Weld experiments at the Desert Research and Extension Center. NR 51 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 117 IS 8 BP 1361 EP 1377 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0869-1 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 367BE UT WOS:000260526700015 PM 18781292 ER PT J AU Guthrie, HD Welch, GR Long, JA AF Guthrie, H. D. Welch, G. R. Long, J. A. TI Mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species action in relation to boar motility SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Boar Semen Preservation CY AUG 12-15, 2007 CL Alliston, CANADA DE Hydroethidine; C11-BODIPY581/591; Lipid peroxidation; Reactive oxygen species; Flow cytometry ID HYPOTHERMIC LIQUID STORAGE; ACTIVATED FLOW-CYTOMETRY; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; GLYCOLYTIC-ENZYMES; ENERGY-METABOLISM; HUMAN SPERMATOZOA; FIBROUS SHEATH; FERTILITY; SEMEN AB Flow cytometric assays of viable boar sperm were developed to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation (oxidization of hydroethidine to ethidium), membrane lipid peroxidation (oxidation of lipophilic probe C-11-BODIPY581/591), and mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential (Delta Psi(m); aggregation of mitochondrial probe JC-1) during hypothermic liquid storage and freeze-thawing of boar semen and to investigate relationships among ROS, motlity, Delta Psi(m), and ATP production. Basal ROS formation and membrane lipid peroxidation were low in viable sperm of both fresh and frozen-thawed semen, afffecting <= 4%. Sperm in fresh, liquid-stored and frozen-thawed semen appeared to be equally susceptible to the activity ROS generators xanthine/xanthine oxidase. FeSO4/ascorbate, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Of the ROS generators tested, FeSO4/ascorbate was specific for membrane lipid peroxidation, whereas menodione, xanthine/xanthine oxidase, and H2O2 were specific for oxidization of hydroethidine. Menadione (30 mu M) and H2O2 (300 mu M) decreased (P < 0.05) motility by 90% during 60 min of incubation. Menadione decreased (P > 0.05) until 120 min. In contrast, H2O2 did not affect Delta Psi(m) or ATP at any time. The formation of ROS was not associated with any change in viability (90%) for either menadione or H2O2 through 120 min. Overall, the inhibitory affects of ROS on motility point to a mitochondrial-independent mechanism. The reduction in motility may have been due to an ROS-induced lesion in ATP utilization or in the contractile apparatus of the flagellum. Published by Elsevier Inc.d C1 [Guthrie, H. D.; Welch, G. R.; Long, J. A.] ARS, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Guthrie, HD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 200, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dve.guthrie@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 70 IS 8 SI SI BP 1209 EP 1215 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.06.017 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 363TH UT WOS:000260289200008 PM 18667230 ER PT J AU Purdy, PH AF Purdy, Phillip H. TI Swine gene banking: A quality control perspective on collection, and analysis of samples for a national repository SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Boar Semen Preservation CY AUG 12-15, 2007 CL Alliston, CANADA DE Germplasm; Boar spermatozoa; Cryopreservation ID BOVINE SPERMATOZOA; BOAR SPERMATOZOA; SPERM; UBIQUITIN; CAPACITATION; SEMEN; ASSAY; DNA AB The National Animal Germplasm Program (NAGP) is developing a national repository for germplasm (semen, oocytes, embryos, blood, DNA, tissue) for all agricultural species in the US. Currently, the swine collection consists of 127,479 samples from 886 boars representing 20 major, minor and composite populations. Cryopreservation per se is not an impediment to program success. Rather, the greatest difficulties encountered are in determining the quality of the samples pre- and post-thaw. Robust, broadly applicable, and cost effective quality control methodologies need to be developed and implemented. This overview of the NAGP will discuss the approaches used for cryopreserving boar semen samples, overcoming the challenges of assessing sample quality, and moving toward a quality control strategy. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 ARS, USDA, NAGP, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Purdy, PH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NAGP, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM phil.purdy@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 70 IS 8 SI SI BP 1304 EP 1309 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.06.012 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 363TH UT WOS:000260289200019 PM 18640707 ER PT J AU Evans, JJ Klesius, PH Shelby, RA Xu, DH AF Evans, Joyce J. Klesius, Phillip H. Shelby, Richard A. Xu, De-Hai TI Relationship between Frequency of Skin Ulceration and Total Plasma Immunoglobulin Levels in Atlantic Menhaden from Delaware and Maryland Inland Bays SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HUMORAL IMMUNE PARAMETERS; SPARUS-AURATA L.; GADUS-MORHUA L.; SALMO-SALAR L; APHANOMYCES-INVADANS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULIN; TROUT IMMUNOGLOBULIN; BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS AB In the summer and Call of 2000, a high prevalence of ulcerative skill lesions ill Atlantic menhaden Bievoortia tyrannus from inland bays of Delaware and Maryland Caused public and governmental concern. The relationship between the frequency of skin Ulceration and total plasma immunoglobulin (Ig) levels was investigated for Atlantic menhaden from these inland bays in 2000 and 2001. Total plasma Ig levels were determined using goal anti-menhaden Ig ill an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Total plasma Ig levels were higher in nonulcerated fish (7.4 +/- 0.02 mg/mL [mean +/- SE]; n = 543) than ill skin-ulcerated ones (4.2 +/- 0.42; n = 120). Skin ulcers were less frequent among small fish (67-80 mm fork length 6%) than ill medium (81-105 mm: 21%) or large fish (106-190 mm; 27%). Nonulcerated large fish had higher total plasma Ig levels (8.5 +/- 0.44 mg/mL) than nonulcerated small fish (6.1 +/- 0.28) but not medium fish (7.9 +/- 0.42). The total plasma Ig levels were higher in all sizes of fish ill 2001 (8.9 +/- 0.26) than ill 2000 (3.6 +/- 0.18). Conversely, the frequency of Ulceration ill fish sampled for Ig was lower ill 2001 (8%) than in 2000 (33%). Although these findings suggest a possible association between lower mean total plasma Ig levels and higher frequency of skill ulceration. a cause-and-effect relationship was not established. C1 [Evans, Joyce J.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. [Klesius, Phillip H.; Shelby, Richard A.; Xu, De-Hai] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. RP Evans, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 118B Lynchburg St, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. EM joyce.evans@ars.usda.gov FU Environmental Control Division FX We thank Julio Garcia. Alyssa Wiedeninayer. and Brendan Fitzpatrick Of Our laboratories for serurn collection and Edthye Humphries, Mark Crane, Ellen Dicky, and Terri Cole of the Delaware Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Control Division, for assistance in the field collection of menhaden and for program Support. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 137 IS 6 BP 1667 EP 1673 DI 10.1577/T07-142.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EG UT WOS:000268500800008 ER PT J AU Harvey, BC White, JL AF Harvey, Bret C. White, Jason L. TI Use of Benthic Prey by Salmonids under Turbid Conditions in a Laboratory Stream SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; BROOK TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; REACTIVE DISTANCE; GROWTH; CONSUMPTION; ASSEMBLAGES; RESPONSES; HABITAT; SUCCESS AB The negative effect of turbidity on the reactive distance of salmonids has been well established. However, determining the consequences of this relationship for overall feeding Success remains problematic, as successful foraging by salmonids across a broad range in turbidity has been observed under it Variety of conditions. Previous laboratory and held observations suggest that benthic feeding by salmonids in flowing water affects the turbidity dependence of foraging Success. Two experiments, were conducted in a laboratory stream to quantify benthic feeding success of salmonids across turbidity treatments ranging from 0 to 400 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU). In one experiment, cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii and coho salmon O. kisutch were offered the same nonliving prey in the drift and oil the stream bottom: in the second experiment, cutthroat trout were offered only live oligochaetes moving alone the stream bottom. Ill the first experiment, benthic feeding success of both cutthroat trout and coho salmon at 100 NTU was at least 70% of their feeding performance in clear water (i.e.. 0 NTU) whereas neither species fed at 400 NTU In the second experiment, benthic feeding Success of cutthroat trout at 150 NTU was about 35% of their performance in clear water but dropped to near 0% at 200 NTU: no feeding was observed at 400 NTU. Passive integrated transponder tag detections suggested that cutthroat trout activity increased over the range of 0-150 NTU. Although drift and benthic foraging success decreased over the examined turbidity range, the results suggest thin both cutthroat trout and coho salmon are capable of feeding from the benthos in relatively turbid, flowing water. The importance of this ability for salmonid populations will be influenced by the turbidity regime. food availability patterns, and hydraulic complexity of the systems they Occupy. C1 [Harvey, Bret C.; White, Jason L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Harvey, BC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM bch3@humboldt.edu NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 137 IS 6 BP 1756 EP 1763 DI 10.1577/T08-039.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EG UT WOS:000268500800015 ER PT J AU Adamchuk, VI Ingram, TJ Sudduth, KA Chung, SO AF Adamchuk, V. I. Ingram, T. J. Sudduth, K. A. Chung, S. O. TI ON-THE-GO MAPPING OF SOIL MECHANICAL RESISTANCE USING A LINEAR DEPTH EFFECT MODEL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Precision agriculture; On-the-go soil sensors; Soil mechanical resistance ID STRENGTH PROFILE SENSOR; BLADE SYSTEM; PENETROMETER; COMPACTION AB An instrumented blade sensor was developed to map soil mechanical resistance as well as its change with depth. The sensor has become a part of the Integrated Soil Physical Properties Mapping System (ISPPMS), which also includes all optical reflectance and a capacitor-based sensor implemented to determine spatial variability in soil organic mater and water content, respectively. The instrumented blade of the ISPPMS was validated in laboratory conditions by applying known loads. It was also tested in the field by comparing sensor-based estimates with measurements produced using a standard vertical cone penetrometer and another on-the-go sensor; the Soil Strength Profile Sensor (SSPS), consisting of five prismatic-tip horizontal penetrometers located at fixed depths. The comparison resulted in reasonable linear relationships between corresponding parameters determined using the three different methods. The coefficient of determination (r(2)) for average soil mechanical resistance was 0.32 and 0.57 when ISPPMS-based estimates were compared with the standard cone penetrometer and the alternative on-the-go sensor (SSPS), respectively. Depth gradients of soil mechanical resistance obtained using cone penetrometer and ISPPMS methods were correlated with r(2) = 0.33. Observed differences in estimated parameters were due in part to the difficulties with obtaining data representing the same depths and in part to differences in sensor geometry and operating conditions, particularly when comparing the on-the-go sensors to the cone penetrometer Based on its operation during Missouri field mapping, the instrumented blade proved to be a rugged and inexpensive sensor suitable for studying the spatial variability of the physical state of soils in the upper 30 cm of the profile. C1 [Adamchuk, V. I.; Ingram, T. J.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Chung, S. O.] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Bioind Machinery Engn, Taejon, South Korea. [Sudduth, K. A.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Adamchuk, VI (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 203 Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM vadamchuk2@unl.edu NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1885 EP 1894 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 399UW UT WOS:000262825800003 ER PT J AU Zhu, H Brazee, RD Fox, RD Derksen, RC Ozkan, HE AF Zhu, H. Brazee, R. D. Fox, R. D. Derksen, R. C. Ozkan, H. E. TI DEVELOPMENT OF A CANOPY OPENER TO IMPROVE SPRAY DEPOSITION AND COVERAGE INSIDE SOYBEAN CANOPIES: PART 1. MATHEMATICAL MODELS TO ASSIST OPENER DEVELOPMENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Crop opener; Crop tilter; Dense canopy; Pesticide; Soybean; Spray penetration; Sprayer ID AIR; DRIFT AB A mechanical device, the "canopy opener," is being designed to bend tops of soybean plants, creating a pathway for sprayed pest control agents into the lower crop canopy. Mathematical models were developed to aid opener design and placement to maximize spray penetration and coverage with minimum crop damage. The models established relationships among plant deflection, opener depth inside the canopy, and plant height., enabling determination of opening width based on calculations of plant-recovery motion after release from the opener and time available for droplet travel from the nozzle to the lower canopy. To provide parameters to support the developed model, natural frequencies and damping coefficients of soybean plants were determined experimentally. Additionally, times required for droplet travel from specific nozzles to the lower canopy were determined using a laser velocimetry system. The models predicted that for XR8004 nozzles at 276 kPa the maximal opener depth would be 0.14 m and the opener width should range from 0.04 to 0.47 m for 1.06 in tall soybean plants. Experimental measurement of maximal deflection and plant motion agreed with mathematical models. C1 [Zhu, H.; Brazee, R. D.; Fox, R. D.; Derksen, R. C.] USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Ozkan, H. E.] Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM heping.zhu@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1905 EP 1912 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 399UW UT WOS:000262825800005 ER PT J AU Zhu, H Derksen, RC Ozkan, HE Reding, ME Krause, CR AF Zhu, H. Derksen, R. C. Ozkan, H. E. Reding, M. E. Krause, C. R. TI DEVELOPMENT OF A CANOPY OPENER TO IMPROVE SPRAY DEPOSITION AND COVERAGE INSIDE SOYBEAN CANOPIES: PART 2. OPENER DESIGN WITH FIELD EXPERIMENTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Air-assisted sprayer; Aphid; Boom sprayer; Disease; Insect; Mechanical bender; Pesticide; Soybean rust ID PENETRATION; CROPS; JET AB Conventional boom sprayers usually are not effective in delivering droplets to inner parts of dense target canopies, such as soybeans at growth stages from R3 to R5. An experimental mechanical canopy opener was developed with the assistance of mathematical models and attached to a conventional boom sprayer to increase spray deposition and covet-age inside soybean canopies. The opener consisted of a 2.5 cm diameter metal pipe to push canopies forward, and a frame for connecting the pipe to the spray boom. Field experiments were conducted to determine the amount of spray deposition and percentage of spray coverage on artificial targets at the middle and lower portions of soybean canopies with three opener depths (7.5, 15, and 22.5 cm), three opener widths (1.5, 25, and 35 cm), and two different sizes of flat-fan nozzles. Additional field experiments were conducted to compare spray deposition and coverage inside soybean canopies among treatments using an air-assisted sprayer, the conventional boom sprayer with the opener; and the boom sprayer with a conventional flat-fan nozzle and a dual-pattern nozzle assembly without the opener At the time of experiments, the soybean plants were at R5 growth stage with an average height of 1.06 m. An opener width of 25 cm or larger significantly increased the spray deposition and coverage inside the canopies. An opener depth from 7.5 to 15 cm had better spray coverage than the 22.5 cm opener depth. The boom sprayer with the opener produced no significant difference in spray deposition and coverage at the middle of canopies compared to the air-assisted sprayer, but it did produce significantly lower spray deposition and coverage at the lower portions of canopies than the air-assisted sprayer With assistance from the opener to push the top of canopies, spray deposition and coverage on targets inside soybean canopies by the boom sprayer was improved. C1 [Zhu, H.; Derksen, R. C.; Reding, M. E.; Krause, C. R.] USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Ozkan, H. E.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM heping.zhu@ars.usda.gov RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1913 EP 1921 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 399UW UT WOS:000262825800006 ER PT J AU Wachal, DJ Harmel, RD Banks, KE Hudak, PF AF Wachal, D. J. Harmel, R. D. Banks, K. E. Hudak, P. F. TI EVALUATION OF WEPP FOR RUNOFF AND SEDIMENT YIELD PREDICTION ON NATURAL GAS WELL SITES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Construction site; Gas well; Model calibration and validation; Runoff; Sediment; Storm water; WEPP ID EFFECTIVE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SOIL LOSS PREDICTIONS; WATER-QUALITY DATA; GOODNESS-OF-FIT; EROSION PREDICTION; CONSTRUCTION SITES; MODEL; INFILTRATION; PARAMETERS; UNCERTAINTY AB Natural gas exploration and production requires land-disturbing construction activities that have the potential to accelerate soil loss due to land cover modifications, increased slopes, and flow concentration. In the U.S., nearly 30,000 new gas wells are drilled each year Erosion modeling has been successfully used for decades to predict soil loss and conservation effects oil agricultural fields, rangelands, and forests, although much less research has been conducted oil the application of erosion models for disturbed construction site conditions. The objective of this research was to evaluate Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) runoff and sediment yield predictions relative to measured data from two natural gas well sites (referred to as GW1 and GW2) in north central Texas. Model parameters were adjusted from WEPP default parameters based oil available literature and model observations. A low effective hydraulic conductivity value (0.75 mm h(-1)) resulted in successful runoff predictions. Agreement between predicted and measured sediment yields was accomplished by increasing rill and interrill erodibility values and decreasing critical shear stress values from default values. WEPP performance was evaluated with the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), root mean square error (RMSE)-observation standard deviation ratio (RSR), and percent bias (PBIAS), as well as modified versions of NSE and RSR that consider uncertainty in measured validation data. For GWI, NSE and RSR evaluation of WEPP performance was considered "good" for runoff (NSE = 0.68 and RSR = 0.56) and "satisfactory" for sediment yield (NSE = 0.63 and RSR = 0.61). For GW2, NSE and RSR values were "very good" for runoff (NSE = 0.76 and RSR = 0.49) but "unsatisfactory" for sediment yield (NSE = 0.32 and RSR = 0.83). Use of modified NSE and RSR to consider measurement uncertainty improved model performance to "very good" for all instances. PBIAS values were relatively low and considered "very good" for GWI and GW2 runoff and sediment yield predictions. These results demonstrate that WEPP call effectively model runoff and sediment yields from natural gas well sites, thus making it a useful tool for evaluating potential sediment impacts and management alternatives to minimize sediment yields from natural gas well sites. C1 [Wachal, D. J.] ESRI, Richardson, TX 78050 USA. [Harmel, R. D.] USDA ARS, Temple, TX USA. [Banks, K. E.] Div Environm Qual, Denton, TX USA. [Banks, K. E.] Univ N Texas, Inst Appl Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Hudak, P. F.] Univ N Texas, Dept Geog, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Wachal, DJ (reprint author), ESRI, Suite 405,1202 Richardson Dr, Richardson, TX 78050 USA. EM dwachal@esri.com RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) [104b3] FX This work was partially funded through a Water Quality Cooperative Agreement (104b3 grant) provided to the City of Denton by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1977 EP 1986 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 399UW UT WOS:000262825800011 ER PT J AU Allred, BJ AF Allred, B. J. TI CATION EFFECTS ON NITRATE MOBILITY IN AN UNSATURATED SOIL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Anion adsorption; Anion exclusion; Cation; Soil nitrate mobility; Unsaturated flow ID ANION EXCLUSION; CLAY SOIL; FLOW CONDITIONS; WATER-FLOW; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MOVEMENT; CHLORIDE; ADSORPTION; COLUMNS; TRANSFORMATIONS AB Transient unsaturated horizontal column experiments were carried out with a computer-controlled syringe pump for the purpose of assessing accompanying cation effects on the anion exclusion/adsorption processes governing nitrate (NO(3)(-)) mobility in an unsaturated loam soil. Duplicate tests were conducted with six different injection solutions applied at the inlets of dry soil columns. All six injection solutions contained 0.0142 moles L(-1) NO(3)(-) (200 mg L(-1) NO(3)(-)-N) but differed from one another with respect to the accompanying cation present, either K(+), NH(4)(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Al(3+), or Fe(3+) Column inlet soil solution NO(3)(-)-N concentration was used to quantify the accompanying cation effect on NO(3)(-) anion adsorption/exclusion. Average soil solution NO(3)(-)-N concentrations at the column inlet were 165.3, 167.8, 175.7, 1.74.4,.190.2, and 214.2 mg L(-1), respectively, for tests conducted with injection solutions containing K(+), NH(4)(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Al(3+), and Fe(3+). Consequently, by taking into consideration the original 200 mg L(-1) NO(3)(-)-N injection solution concentration, the tests using injection solutions containing monovalent cations (K(+) and NH(4)(+)) exhibited the largest inlet NO(3)(-) anion exclusion, while inlet Fe(3+) anion exclusion was significantly less for tests using injection solution containing divalent cations (Ca(2+) and Mg(2+)). Inlet NO(3)(-) anion exclusion was minimal for the tests with injections solutions containing the trivalent cation Al(3+), and for the tests carried out with injection solutions containing the trivalent cation Fe(3+) inlet NO(3)(-) anion adsorption actually occurred. Decreased inlet NO(3)(-) anion exclusion for the divalent cation tests compared to the monovalent cation tests was likely due to the divalent cation injection solutions having a greater ionic strength than the monovalent cation injection solutions. Soil pH reductions and aluminum/iron oxide/hydroxide precipitation at the column inlet probably account for the minimal NO(3)(-) anion exclusion or NO(3)(-) anion adsorption found with tests conducted using trivalent cation injection solutions. These experimental results provide valuable information that can be employed for better management of fertilizer applications and improved prediction of NO(3)(-) movement through the soil profile. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Allred, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Rm 234,590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM barry.allred@ars.usda.gov NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1997 EP 2012 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 399UW UT WOS:000262825800013 ER PT J AU Bonta, JV Nayak, A AF Bonta, J. V. Nayak, A. TI CHARACTERIZING TIMES BETWEEN STORMS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Critical duration; Drought; Exponential method; Minimum time between storms; Parameter estimation; Precipitation modeling; Storm generation; Storm identification; Storm separation; TBS; Times between storms ID UNITED-STATES; IDAHO; DATABASE; IDENTIFICATION AB Storm Simulation models are sometimes used to provide input to watershed models where there are no precipitation data. However, a basic understanding of the seasonal and spatial characteristics of parameters that comprise the inputs to the models is needed, and then methods for estimating the parameters must be developed. This study is an investigation of the behavior and estimation of two parameters for storm-occurrence modeling, average time between storms (ATBS) and minimum time between storms (MDPD), and how they vary with average annual precipitation (P(ann)), average monthly precipitation (P(mo)), and elevation (E) in mountainous terrain where snow is a major component of precipitation. Data used came from the dual-rain-gauge network in the USDA-ARS Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed (RCEW) in southwest Idaho. Median ATBS and MDPD data show consistent trends over the RCEW with narrow variability. The exponential distribution adequately models times between storms in snowfall-predominant mountainous areas except for very long dry periods. The power equation form generally fitted the data best for regressions where there was a statistically significant regression compared with a linear equation. For four of the regressions found in this article (P(mo) vs. E, ATBS vs. P(mo), ATBS vs. E, and MDPD vs. ATBS), parameters were correlated, suggesting parameter mapping may be useful in their estimation. ATBS can be estimated by using the power equation for ATBS vs. P(mo) and ATBS vs. E (both inversely correlated). MDPD vs. ATBS correlations were positive, showing that as the average time between storms increases, so does the minimum time between storms. Guidance is given for estimating ATBS and MDPD for a specific location. Magnitudes of often-used fixed values of MDPD (e.g., 6 h) are too small to be representative of times between storms, and are not representative of the seasonal variability of times between storms. The results in this article for characterizing ATBS and MDPD in the mountainous 239-km(2) RCEW area follow closely those found for the 225,000-km(2) Colorado plains area in another study. Thus, equation forms identified in this article can suggest those that might be expected in general and may be used as guidance for estimating ATBS and MDPD in ungauged areas, including areas with snowfall as a major component of precipitation. C1 [Bonta, J. V.; Nayak, A.] USDA ARS N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Bonta, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Box 488, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. EM Jim.bonta@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2013 EP 2028 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 399UW UT WOS:000262825800014 ER PT J AU Narayanan, P Lefcourt, AA Tasch, U Rostamian, R Kim, MS AF Narayanan, P. Lefcourt, A. A. Tasch, U. Rostamian, R. Kim, M. S. TI ORIENTATION OF APPLES USING THEIR INERTIAL PROPERTIES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Apples; Machine vision; Orientation; Physical properties ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; FECAL CONTAMINATION; SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE; INSPECTION; DEFECTS; VISION; SHAPE AB Machine vision has the potential to improve quality and safety of fruit available for consumption. However, lack of an effective and inexpensive method for appropriately orienting fruit for imaging has hindered development of optical technologies for sorting fruit. For example, it is difficult to differentiate stem and calyx regions from problem areas in images. One solution would be to orient fruit so that the location of these regions is known. We demonstrated that apples can be oriented using their inertial properties. Apples were rolled down two test tracks each consisting of two parallel wooden rails using 100 Red Delicious and 100 Golden Delicious apples with three initial orientations of the stem/calyx axis: perpendicular, parallel, or at 45 degrees to the rails. As the apples progressed down the tracks, they generally moved to an "oriented" position where the stem/calyx axis was perpendicular to the direction of travel and parallel to the plane of the rails. A camera was used to create movies of the orientation process, and software was written to automatically analyze the movies. Apples started in a perpendicular position were de facto oriented. Apples started at 45 degrees almost instantly became oriented. For the parallel condition, orientation was delayed and was successful in only about half of trials. However, theoretical dynamics suggest that parallel loading would be a low probability event in a commercial setting. Alternatively, potential methods for circumventing this problem case are discussed. C1 [Narayanan, P.; Tasch, U.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Lefcourt, A. A.; Kim, M. S.] USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Rostamian, R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Lefcourt, AA (reprint author), USDA BARC ANRI FSL, Bldg 303 Powder Mill Rd,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM alan.lefcourt@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2073 EP 2081 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 399UW UT WOS:000262825800019 ER PT J AU Gebremedhin, KG Hillman, PE Lee, CN Collier, RJ Willard, ST Arthington, JD Brown-Brandl, TM AF Gebremedhin, K. G. Hillman, P. E. Lee, C. N. Collier, R. J. Willard, S. T. Arthington, J. D. Brown-Brandl, T. M. TI SWEATING RATES OF DAIRY COWS AND BEEF HEIFERS IN HOT CONDITIONS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Air temperature; Air velocity; Beef heifers; Breed; Dairy cows; Evaporative cooling; Hair-coat color; Heat stress; Relative humidity; Solar load ID BODY-SURFACE; TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; SKIN TEMPERATURE; CATTLE; HEAT; EVAPORATION; MOISTURE; TOLERANCE; COATS AB Sweating rates from heat-stressed dairy cows and beef heifers were measured using a "Portable Calorimeter" and a "Bovine Evaporation Meter" designed and fabricated for the studies reported herein. Measurements were taken when cows were in their natural habitat. The focus of the study was to compare sweating rates measured from different breeds of dairy cows and beef heifers, and determine the level of influence of environmental factors (air temperature, relative humidity, solar load, and air velocity) and hair-coat color on sweating rate. The cows were exposed to solar radiation greater than 500 W/m(2) (average 833 +/- 132 W/m(2)), average THI was 82.7 +/- 1.64 for all studies except for the Nebraska data where the THI was 77.4 +/- 4. Air velocity in the sample area was between 0.8 and 1.2 m/s, and body (rectal) temperature was greater than 38.8 degrees C (threshold for heat stress). Sweating rates ranged between 189 +/- 84.6 and 522 +/- 127.7 g/m(2)-h. Body temperature ranged between 39.3 +/- 0.53 degrees C and 41.7 +/- 0.19 degrees C. Differences in sweating rates were statistically significant at P < 0.05 between breeds, between black and white hair coats, and changes in solar load, relative humidity, and air velocity. Wetting the skin surface and increasing air velocity profoundly increased evaporation rate by converting sensible heat to latent heat. C1 [Gebremedhin, K. G.; Hillman, P. E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lee, C. N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Human Nutr Food & Anim Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Collier, R. J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Anim Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Willard, S. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Arthington, J. D.] Univ Florida, Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, Ona, FL USA. [Brown-Brandl, T. M.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Biol Engn Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Gebremedhin, KG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, 332 Riley Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM kgg1@cornell.edu FU USDA [W-173] FX The study was a joint effort under the USDA Regional Research Project (W-173) that addressed animal stress and was funded by USDA/HATCH funds provided to the respective experimental stations. The authors would like to thank the support staff at each of the respective sites for their generous efforts and collaboration in making the studies possible. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2167 EP 2178 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 399UW UT WOS:000262825800027 ER PT J AU Nelson, SO Trabelsi, S Kays, SJ AF Nelson, S. O. Trabelsi, S. Kays, S. J. TI DIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPY OF MELONS FOR POTENTIAL QUALITY SENSING SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Cantaloupe; Dielectric properties; Honeydew melons; Melons; Permittivity; Quality sensing; Soluble solids; Sweetness; Watermelons ID FRESH FRUITS; 1.8 GHZ; PERMITTIVITIES; VEGETABLES AB Several cultivars of cantaloupe, honeydew melons, and watermelons were planted and harvested with a range of maturities for dielectric properties measurements and moisture and soluble solids content (SSC) determination. Permittivities (dielectric constants and dielectric loss factors) were determined over the frequency range from 200 MHz to 20 GHz with an open-ended coaxial-line probe and network analyzer for both interior tissue and surface measurements. Permittivity data arc, presented graphically for all three types of melons. High correlations were noted between SSC and moisture content in the tissues of all three kinds of melons, with SSC increasing linearly with decreasing moisture content of the edible tissues. Dielectric properties determined by measurements on the external surface of the melons had lower values than those of the internal tissues. Dielectric properties were similar for all three melon types, and they reflect the influence of the dielectric behavior of free water. No obvious correlations were noted between the dielectric properties and the SSC (sweetness) for sensing the quality of the melons. C1 [Nelson, S. O.; Trabelsi, S.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Kays, S. J.] Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM stuart.nelson@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 51 IS 6 BP 2209 EP 2214 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 399UW UT WOS:000262825800031 ER PT J AU Meinzer, FC Campanello, PI Domec, JC Gatti, MG Goldstein, G Villalobos-Vega, R Woodruff, DR AF Meinzer, Frederick C. Campanello, Paula I. Domec, Jean-Christophe Gatti, M. Genoveva Goldstein, Guillermo Villalobos-Vega, Randol Woodruff, David R. TI Constraints on physiological function associated with branch architecture and wood density in tropical forest trees SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE capacitance; functional convergence; hydraulic architecture; osmotic potential; photosynthesis; transpiration; water potential ID STEM WATER STORAGE; NEOTROPICAL SAVANNA TREES; CANOPY TREES; HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CHAPARRAL SHRUBS; CARBON RELATIONS; SAP FLOW; LEAF; PLANT AB This Study examined how leaf and stem functional traits related to gas exchange and water balance scale with two potential proxies for tree hydraulic architecture: the leaf area:sapwood area ratio (A(L):A(S)) and wood density (p(w)). We studied the upper crowns of individuals of 15 tropical forest tree species at two sites in Panama with contrasting moisture regimes and forest types. Transpiration and maximum photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETRmax) per unit leaf area declined sharply with increasing A(L):A(S), as did the ratio of ETRmax to leaf N content, an index of photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency. Midday leaf water potential, bulk leaf osmotic potential at zero turgor, branch xylem specific conductivity, leaf-specific conductivity and stem and leaf capacitance all declined with increasing p(w). At the branch scale, A(L):A(S) and total leaf N content per unit sapwood area increased with p(w) resulting in a 30% increase in ETRmax per unit sapwood area with a doubling of p(w). These compensatory adjustments in A(L):A(S), N allocation and potential photosynthetic capacity at the branch level were insufficient to completely offset the increased carbon costs of producing denser wood, and exacerbated the negative impact of increasing p(w) oil branch hydraulics and leaf water status. The suite of tree functional and architectural traits Studied appeared to be constrained by the hydraulic and mechanical consequences of variation in p(w). C1 [Meinzer, Frederick C.; Woodruff, David R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Campanello, Paula I.; Gatti, M. Genoveva; Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Lab Ecol Func, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Domec, Jean-Christophe] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Goldstein, Guillermo; Villalobos-Vega, Randol] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Meinzer, FC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM fmeinzer@fs.fed.us RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 FU National Science Foundation [IBN 99-05012]; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grant IBN 99-05012 to F Meinzer and G. Goldstein. We thank the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute tor providing facilities and logistical support. and the expertise of the canopy crane operators. NR 42 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 34 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1609 EP 1617 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 371TW UT WOS:000260855200002 PM 18765366 ER PT J AU Robinson, DA Abdu, H Jones, SB Seyfried, M Lebron, I Knight, R AF Robinson, David A. Abdu, Hiruy Jones, Scott B. Seyfried, Mark Lebron, Inma Knight, Rosemary TI Eco-Geophysical Imaging of Watershed-Scale Soil Patterns Links with Plant Community Spatial Patterns SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-INDUCTION INSTRUMENTS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MOUNTAIN CATCHMENT; SALINITY; EROSION; CLIMATE AB The extent to which soil moisture and nutrient availability control the structure, function, and diversity of plant communities has aroused considerable interest in the past decade and remains topical in light of global change. Numerous plant communities are controlled either by water or soil nutrient availability, and yet spatial patterns of soil properties affecting resource pools, such as texture, are often poorly delineated at the landscape level. Traditional soil survey methods, developed for land evaluation, remain largely qualitative, based on the subjective analysis of the soil surveyor and often using vegetation patterns to demarcate soil boundaries. To date, no independent method of determining the properties of soil root-zone spatial patterns has been developed for use at the landscape scale, resulting in a knowledge gap between observed aboveground vegetation patterns and the distribution of belowground soil properties. The objective of this work was to determine whether a quantitative link could be observed between bulk soil electrical conductivity, used as an indicator of soil texture, and the plant community spatial pattern using geophysics. By comparing the geophysical signal with plant community patterns, we have discovered distinct vegetation niches corresponding to distinct zones of bulk soil electrical conductivity. A hierarchical ranking of the mean bulk soil electrical conductivity for each plant community type follows a power-law structure. C1 [Robinson, David A.; Lebron, Inma; Knight, Rosemary] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Abdu, Hiruy; Jones, Scott B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Seyfried, Mark] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Robinson, DA (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Dept Food Prod, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. EM darearthscience@yahoo.com RI Jones, Scott/A-9745-2010; Robinson, David/A-6287-2010; lebron, Inma/A-4762-2013 OI Jones, Scott/0000-0002-3804-8785; Robinson, David/0000-0001-7290-4867; lebron, Inma/0000-0001-8610-9717 FU National Science Foundation [03-26064, 04-47287]; Inland Northwest Research Alliance FX This material was based on the support of the CUAHSI geophysics hydrologic measurement facility, and supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants 03-26064 and 04-47287. Any opinions,findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Hiry Abdu was supported by funding from the Inland Northwest Research Alliance. We acknowledge the assistance of Dr Mike Oatham, UWI, for ecological discussions regarding the manuscript. NR 33 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 7 IS 4 BP 1132 EP 1138 DI 10.2136/vzj2008.0101 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 379GL UT WOS:000261384600001 ER PT J AU Goldberg, S Hyun, S Lee, LS AF Goldberg, Sabine Hyun, Seunghun Lee, Linda S. TI Chemical Modeling of Arsenic(III, V) and Selenium(IV, VI) Adsorption by Soils Surrounding Ash Disposal Facilities SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONSTANT CAPACITANCE MODEL; ARSENATE ADSORPTION; SELENITE ADSORPTION; ALLUVIAL SOILS; ANION SORPTION; SURFACE; ARSENITE; FERRIHYDRITE; DESORPTION; INTERFACE AB Leachate derived from coal ash disposal facilities is a potential anthropogenic source of As and Se to the environment. To establish a practical framework for predicting attenuation and transport of As and Se in ash leachates, the adsorption of As(III), As(V), Se(IV), and Se(VI) had been characterized in prior studies for 18 soils obtained downgradient from ash landfill sites and representing a wide range of soil properties. The constant capacitance model was applied for the first time to describe As(III), As(V), Se(IV), and Se(VI) adsorption on soils as a function of equilibrium solution As(III), As(V), Se(IV), and Se(VI) concentrations. Prior applications of the model had been restricted to describing Se(IV) and As(V) adsorption by soils as a function of solution pH. The constant capacitance model was applied for the first time to describe As(III) and Se(VI) adsorption by soils. The model was able to describe adsorption of these ions on all soils as a function of solution ion concentration by optimizing only one adjustable parameter, the anion surface complexation constant. This chemical model represents an advancement over adsorption isotherm equation approaches that contain two empirical adjustable parameters. Incorporation of these anion surface complexation constants obtained with the constant capacitance model into chemical speciation transport models will allow simulation of soil solution anion concentrations under diverse environmental and agricultural conditions. C1 [Goldberg, Sabine] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Hyun, Seunghun] Korea Univ, Div Environm Sci & Ecol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Lee, Linda S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Sabine.Goldberg@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 7 IS 4 BP 1185 EP 1192 DI 10.2136/vzj2008.0013 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 379GL UT WOS:000261384600012 ER PT J AU Rinaldi, M Moroni, P Paape, MJ Bannerman, DD AF Rinaldi, Manuela Moroni, Paolo Paape, Max J. Bannerman, Douglas D. TI Differential alterations in the ability of bovine neutrophils to generate extracellular and intracellular reactive oxygen species during the periparturient period SO VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Dairy cattle; Mastitis Neutrophil; Parturition; Reactive oxygen species ID RESPIRATORY BURST ACTIVITY; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION; INDUCED LUMINOL CHEMILUMINESCENCE; CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS-DISEASE; PHAGOCYTE NADPH OXIDASE; DAIRY-COWS; CHEMI-LUMINESCENCE; SUPEROXIDE ANION; IN-VITRO; PARTURITION AB The periparturient period of a dairy cow is associated with increased incidence and/or severity of certain infectious diseases, including mastitis. It is believed that the heightened physiological demands of calving and initiation of milk production contribute to a state of immunosuppression during this period. Previous studies have indicated that neutrophil production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is a critical element of the host innate immune response to bacterial infection, is impaired in the 1-2 week period following calving. However, whether there is comprehensive inhibition of ROS production or selective inhibition of particular ROS remains unknown. The present study provides evidence that neutrophils isolated from cows (n = 20) after calving have an increased capacity to generate intracellular ROS and ail impaired ability to release extracellular superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Paape, Max J.; Bannerman, Douglas D.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rinaldi, Manuela; Moroni, Paolo] Univ Milan, Dept Vet Pathol Hyg & Publ Hlth, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Bannerman, DD (reprint author), ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM douglas.bannerman@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1090-0233 J9 VET J JI Vet. J. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 178 IS 2 BP 208 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.07.030 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 375CW UT WOS:000261091800010 PM 17869554 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Picton, R Blythe, LL Heidel, JR AF Hamir, A. N. Picton, R. Blythe, L. L. Heidel, J. R. TI Diagnostic Exercise: Astrocytoma with Involvement of Medulla Oblongata, Spinal Cord, and Spinal Nerves in a Raccoon (Procyon lotor) SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Astrocytoma (brain spinal cord nerves); glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); raccoons (Procyon lotor) ID UNITED-STATES AB Neoplasms affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems of wild animals are extremely rare. Described are clinical signs and pathologic and immunohistochemical findings in an adult female raccoon (Procyon lotor) with an astrocytoma that involved medulla, cervical spinal cord, and roots of the cervical spinal nerves. Microscopically, the neoplastic cells revealed some pleomorphism but generally had fusiform morphology and showed moderate numbers of mitotic figures. Glial fibrillary acidic protein was demonstrated within the neoplastic cells by immunohistochemistry. This appears to be the only reported case of astrocytoma that involved multiple anatomic sites in the central nervous system of this raccoon. C1 [Hamir, A. N.; Picton, R.; Blythe, L. L.; Heidel, J. R.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Amir.Hamir@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 45 IS 6 BP 949 EP 951 DI 10.1354/vp.45-6-949 PG 3 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 372XK UT WOS:000260935400021 PM 18984803 ER PT J AU Shivrain, VK Burgos, NR Gealy, DR Moldenhauer, KAK Baquireza, CJ AF Shivrain, Vinod K. Burgos, Nilda R. Gealy, David R. Moldenhauer, Karen A. K. Baquireza, Cecilia J. TI Maximum Outcrossing Rate and Genetic Compatibility between Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Biotypes and Clearfield (TM) Rice SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Genetic compatibility; gene transfer; natural hybridization; outcrossing; pollen flow ID HERBICIDE-RESISTANT RICE; WIDE COMPATIBILITY; CULTIVATED RICE; WEED; FLOW; CROSSES; GROWTH; INTERFERENCE; IMAZETHAPYR; RUFIPOGON AB The transfer of the imazethapyr-resistant gene from Clearfield(TM) (CL) rice to red rice is all ecological risk. Flowering synchronization and generic compatibility between Cultivated rice and red rice could influence gene transfer. We examined the (1) variability in maximum outcrossing rate between 12 red rice biotypes and 'CL161' rice during their peak flowering overlap in the field and (2) genetic compatibility of red rice biotypes with CL161 rice. Experiments were conducted at Stuttgart, AR, and Fayetteville, AR, from 2005 to 2007. To evaluate the flowering synchrony of red rice and CL161 rice as Well as its impact on outcrossing rate, field experiments were conducted at four planting times front early April to Lire May. The red rice biotypes were planted in the middle row of nine-row CL161 plots and flowering was monitored. Outcrosses were evaluated In subsequent years by herbicide response and simple-sequence-repeat marker assays. To determine compatibility, manual crosses were performed between 12 red rice biotypes and CL161 rice ill the greenhouse. The flowering duration of all red rice types ranged from 5 to 16 d after the onset of flowering in contrast to 6 d ill CL 161 rice. Ten of the twelve types of red rice had >= 70% overlap in flowering time with CL161 rice in at least one planting date. The maximum Field outcrossing rate between red rice biotypes and CL161 ranged from 0.03 to 0.25%. The Field outcrossing rate between red rice biotypes differed (P < 0.01), but flowering synchronization was not directly related to outcrossing race. Manual crosses resulted in seed sets of 49 to 94%. The majority of red rice biotypes had similar compatibility with CL161 rice. Thus, other factors Must contribute to hybridization rates in the field. Follow-up experiments should investigate other plant factors and environment influence oil hybridization rate. C1 [Shivrain, Vinod K.; Burgos, Nilda R.; Baquireza, Cecilia J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Gealy, David R.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Moldenhauer, Karen A. K.] Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Burgos, NR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, 1366 W Altheimer Dr, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM nburgos@uark.edu FU Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board FX Funding for this research was provided by the Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board. The authors thank Amanda Griffith, Jill Bulloch, Alisha Stivers, Howard Black, Jonathan Chavez, Colleen Thomas, Narinderpal Singh, Marites Sales, Fabiane Lamego, and Melissa Jia at the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center Genomics Core Facility for their assistance in these experiments. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 56 IS 6 BP 807 EP 813 DI 10.1614/WS-08-026.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 377BO UT WOS:000261226900006 ER PT J AU Schutte, BJ Davis, AS Renner, KA Cardina, J AF Schutte, Brian J. Davis, Adam S. Renner, Karen A. Cardina, John TI Maternal and Burial Environment Effects on Seed Mortality of Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and Giant Foxtail (Setaria faberi) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hydrotime; seed burial methods; soil water potential; seed mortality; seed persistence ID WEED SEEDS; GERMINATION; SOIL; MICROORGANISMS; EMERGENCE; DORMANCY; LIGHT; BANKS; COAT AB The primary defense against seed mortality, the seed coat, is maternally derived. Hence, weed seed mortality in the soil seedbank is likely to be influenced by the maternal environment and genetics. We hypothesized that seed accessions from contrasting maternal environments (seed lots) exhibit different rates of seed mortality and that the relative differences among seed lots remain consistent across burial environments. Velvetleaf and giant foxtail annual seed mortality rates were Studied in field experiments in Hickory Corners, MI, and Wooster, OH, using seed lots collected from the same locations. Seeds enclosed within mesh bags and unenclosed seeds ("seeded cores") exhibited similar levels of seedbank persistence (r = 0.90, P < 0.001) and seed mortality (r = 0.65, P = 0.006). Annual seed mortality rates ranged from 16 to 56% and 27 to 91% for seed lots of velvetleaf and giant foxtail, respectively. Relative differences among velvetleaf seed lots were consistent across burial environments in both years, whereas giant foxtail differences were consistent in only 1 of 2 yr. The relative ranks among velvetleaf seed lots varied between years, indicating that maternal environment may have influenced seed persistence more than seed-lot genetics. Within years, variation in seed mortality was predicted by changes in soil moisture in the burial environment (R(2) = 0.47, P < 0.001 for velvetleaf; R(2) = 0.34, P = 0.007 for giant foxtail). Accelerated seed mortality was associated with moist soils (soil water potential = -6 kPa for velvetleaf, -7 kPa for giant foxtail). These results suggest that agronomic practices affecting the maternal environment and moisture levels in the soil seedbank may promote weed seed mortality in the soil seedbank. C1 [Schutte, Brian J.; Davis, Adam S.] ARS, USDA, Invas Weed Management Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Renner, Karen A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Cardina, John] Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Schutte, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Weed Management Unit, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM brian.schutte@ars.usda.gov FU USDA FX This work was Supported in part by the USDA Sustainable Agriculture Special Grants program and the USDA Agricultural Research Service. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing scientific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 22 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 56 IS 6 BP 834 EP 840 DI 10.1614/WS-08-031.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 377BO UT WOS:000261226900010 ER PT J AU Boydston, RA Al-Khatib, K AF Boydston, Rick A. Al-Khatib, Kassim TI Exudation of Mesotrione from Potato Roots Injures Neighboring Plants SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Excretion; herbicide; root exudate; root exudation ID CORN ZEA-MAYS; IN-FIELD CORN; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; HERBICIDES; GLYPHOSATE; MAIZE; WHEAT; SOIL AB Mesotrione is an effective herbicide for volunteer potato control but is not selective in several crops, including onion and carrot. Studies were conducted in 2006 to evaluate the effectiveness of wiper-applied mesotrione for control of volunteer potato in a potato crop. Surprisingly, nontreated potatoes growing adjacent to mesotrione-treated plants exhibited bleaching symptoms resembling mesotrione injury. Additional Field trials confirmed injury to nontreated plants growing within 26 cm of potatoes treated with mesotrione applied with a wiper at 0.25, 0.5, and 1% (v/v) solutions. Greenhouse bioassays confirmed that mesotrione applied to potato leaves moved down through the plant and was exuded into perlite potting medium in sufficient quantities to injure potato plants that were exposed to the leachate from the perlite pots. In tracer Studies, 52% of (14)C-labeled mesotrione applied to potato leaves was absorbed into the potato plant by 15 d and 15% of the absorbed (14)C-mesotrione was exuded into the soil and soil leachate. Mesotrione applied to potato by the wick application method has potential to injure neighboring Susceptible plants from root uptake of exuded mesotrione. C1 [Boydston, Rick A.] ARS, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Boydston, RA (reprint author), ARS, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM rick.boydston@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 56 IS 6 BP 852 EP 855 DI 10.1614/WS-08-064.1 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 377BO UT WOS:000261226900012 ER PT J AU Davis, AS Brainard, DC Gallandt, ER AF Davis, Adam S. Brainard, Daniel C. Gallandt, Eric R. TI Introduction to the Invasive Plant Species and the New Bioeconomy Symposium SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Davis, Adam S.] ARS, USDA, Invas Weed Management Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Brainard, Daniel C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Gallandt, Eric R.] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Davis, AS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Weed Management Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM adam.davis@ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 56 IS 6 BP 866 EP 866 DI 10.1614/WS-08-111.1 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 377BO UT WOS:000261226900015 ER PT J AU Dover, L Large, PJ Qureshi, N Vicente, M AF Dover, Lynn Large, Peter J. Qureshi, Nasib Vicente, Miguel TI World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 2008 SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Large, Peter J.] Univ Hull, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. [Dover, Lynn] Northumbria Univ, Sch Appl Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. [Qureshi, Nasib] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Vicente, Miguel] CSIC, Ctr Nacl Biotecnol, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RP Large, PJ (reprint author), Univ Hull, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. EM p.j.large@hull.ac.uk NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 24 IS 11 BP 2375 EP 2376 DI 10.1007/s11274-008-9805-4 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 351RV UT WOS:000259444500001 ER PT J AU Boyette, CD Weaver, MA Hoagland, RE Stetina, KC AF Boyette, C. Douglas Weaver, Mark A. Hoagland, Robert E. Stetina, Kenneth C. TI Submerged culture of a mycelial formulation of a bioherbicidal strain of Myrothecium verrucaria with mitigated mycotoxin production SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioherbicide; formulation; fermentation; Myrothecium verrucaria; Pueraria lobata var. montana ID KUDZU PUERARIA-LOBATA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ISOLATE AB A mycelial formulation of the fungus Myrothecium verrucaria (IMI 361690) containing 0.20% Silwet L-77 surfactant was found to be highly efficacious in controlling the exotic invasive weed kudzu. The mycelium can be rapidly (48-72 h) produced in several media, including an inexpensive soy flour-corn meal medium. Mycelial yields were 2, 10, and 25 g dry weight l(-1) in Czapek-Dox, Richard's V-8, and soy flour-corn meal media, respectively. Scale-up production in soy flour-corn meal medium using laboratory fermenters (10-25 l), resulted in a mycelial formulation that caused 90% mortality of naturally-occurring mature (0.9-1.0 m in height) kudzu within 48 h after application in field experiments. HPLC analyses revealed that the mycelium produced in this liquid culture contained no detectable amounts of the trichothecene mycotoxins roridin A and verrucarin A (limit of detection 2 mu g ml(-1)). This has resulted in a safer, yet effective bioherbicidal product. We anticipate that these findings should improve the probability of EPA registration and subsequent commercial development of this bioherbicide. C1 [Boyette, C. Douglas; Weaver, Mark A.; Hoagland, Robert E.; Stetina, Kenneth C.] USDA ARS, SWSRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Boyette, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, SWSRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM doug.boyette@ars.usda.gov OI Weaver, Mark/0000-0001-9020-7264 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 24 IS 11 BP 2721 EP 2726 DI 10.1007/s11274-008-9759-6 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 351RV UT WOS:000259444500049 ER PT J AU Bhatnagar, D Perrone, G Visconti, A AF Bhatnagar, D. Perrone, G. Visconti, A. TI The MycoGlobe project: a European Union funded successful experiment in enhancing cooperation and coordination amongst mycotoxin researchers worldwide SO WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; plant breeding; genetic engineering; host resistance; genomics; detection technology AB In 2004, the European Commission approved the specific support action 'Integration of Mycotoxin and Toxigenic Fungi Research for Food Safety in the Global System' (MycoGlobe, contract FOOD-CT-2004-007174) within the Sixth Framework Programme, Food Quality and Safety. The aim of the MycoGlobe project (http://mycoglobe.ispa.cnr.it) was to implement the outcomes of a wide range of European research projects in the area of mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi by supporting, stimulating and facilitating cooperation between countries in the European Union and other countries that have bilateral scientific and technological cooperation agreement with the European Union (such as USA, Australia and South America). Through a series of conferences and interactions between scientists worldwide, MycoGlobe was a very successful project. The scientific significance of the MycoGlobe project consisted in the spread of knowledge of advanced research tools in genomics and sophisticated and rapid detection systems for mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi; and evaluation of research policy and procedures to achieve best practice for enhancement of food quality and safety by elimination of mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi from commodities. The socio-economic significance of the project was the setting up of a global collaborative network for research and technology transfer in the field of mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi, particularly for the benefit of the developing countries. A relevant outcome of the project was also the launching of the International Society for Mycotoxicology (http://www.mycotox-society.org) to promote research on mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi, thereby leading to prevention and reduction in exposure to mycotoxins, enhanced food safety and a greater public awareness of this area. C1 [Bhatnagar, D.] ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA USA. [Perrone, G.; Visconti, A.] CNR, ISPA, Natl Res Council, Inst Sci Food Prod, I-70126 Bari, Italy. RP Bhatnagar, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA USA. EM angelo.visconti@ispa.cnr.it RI Perrone, Giancarlo/O-7475-2014 OI Perrone, Giancarlo/0000-0002-3841-6066 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WAGENINGEN ACAD PUBL PI BILTHOVEN PA PO BOX 179, BILTHOVEN, 3720 AD, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0710 J9 WORLD MYCOTOXIN J JI World Mycotoxin J. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 1 IS 4 BP 493 EP 500 DI 10.3920/WMJ2008.x045 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology GA V13RS UT WOS:000207684500013 ER PT J AU Wicker, T Narechania, A Sabot, F Stein, J Vu, GT Graner, A Ware, D Stein, N AF Wicker, Thomas Narechania, Apurva Sabot, Francois Stein, Joshua Vu, Giang Th Graner, Andreas Ware, Doreen Stein, Nils TI Low-pass shotgun sequencing of the barley genome facilitates rapid identification of genes, conserved non-coding sequences and novel repeats SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-MONOCOCCUM; RETROTRANSPOSON BARE-1; REPETITIVE ELEMENTS; HARDNESS LOCUS; COMPLEX GENOME; GRASS GENOMES; WHEAT; REVEALS; EVOLUTION; DNA AB Background: Barley has one of the largest and most complex genomes of all economically important food crops. The rise of new short read sequencing technologies such as Illumina/Solexa permits such large genomes to be effectively sampled at relatively low cost. Based on the corresponding sequence reads a Mathematically Defined Repeat (MDR) index can be generated to map repetitive regions in genomic sequences. Results: We have generated 574 Mbp of Illumina/Solexa sequences from barley total genomic DNA, representing about 10% of a genome equivalent. From these sequences we generated an MDR index which was then used to identify and mark repetitive regions in the barley genome. Comparison of the MDR plots with expert repeat annotation drawing on the information already available for known repetitive elements revealed a significant correspondence between the two methods. MDR-based annotation allowed for the identification of dozens of novel repeat sequences, though, which were not recognised by hand-annotation. The MDR data was also used to identify gene-containing regions by masking of repetitive sequences in eight de-novo sequenced bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones. For half of the identified candidate gene islands indeed gene sequences could be identified. MDR data were only of limited use, when mapped on genomic sequences from the closely related species Triticum monococcum as only a fraction of the repetitive sequences was recognised. Conclusion: An MDR index for barley, which was obtained by whole-genome Illumina/Solexa sequencing, proved as efficient in repeat identification as manual expert annotation. Circumventing the labour-intensive step of producing a specific repeat library for expert annotation, an MDR index provides an elegant and efficient resource for the identification of repetitive and low-copy (i. e. potentially gene-containing sequences) regions in uncharacterised genomic sequences. The restriction that a particular MDR index can not be used across species is outweighed by the low costs of Illumina/Solexa sequencing which makes any chosen genome accessible for whole-genome sequence sampling. C1 [Vu, Giang Th; Graner, Andreas; Stein, Nils] Leibniz Inst Plant Genet & Crop Plant Res IPK, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany. [Wicker, Thomas] Univ Zurich, Inst Plant Biol, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland. [Narechania, Apurva; Stein, Joshua; Ware, Doreen] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Sabot, Francois] Univ Perpignan, CNRS, UMR 5096, IRD,Lab Genome & Dev Plantes, F-66860 Perpignan, France. [Ware, Doreen] USDA ARS, NAA, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Vu, Giang Th] Aberystwyth Univ, IBERS, Ceredigion SY23 3DA, Wales. RP Stein, N (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Plant Genet & Crop Plant Res IPK, Corrensstr 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany. EM wicker@botinst.unizh.ch; apurva@cshl.edu; francois.sabot@gmail.com; steinj@cshl.edu; thv@aber.ac.uk; graner@ipk-gatersleben.de; ware@cshl.edu; stein@ipk-gatersleben.de RI Sabot, Francois/B-7820-2010; Vu, Giang/D-7928-2016 OI Sabot, Francois/0000-0002-8522-7583; Vu, Giang/0000-0001-8394-9067 FU National Science Foundation Division of Biological Infrastructure [0321467, 0333074]; U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, BMBF [GABI-0313098A] FX This work has been supported by grants to DW (National Science Foundation Division of Biological Infrastructure # 0321467 and # 0333074; U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service) and to NS (Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, BMBF, GABI-0313098A). NR 54 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD OCT 31 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 518 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-518 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 377GE UT WOS:000261238900001 PM 18976483 ER PT J AU Li, C Wang, ZH Cao, XY Beier, RC Zhang, SX Ding, SY Li, XW Shen, JZ AF Li, Cun Wang, Zhanhui Cao, Xingyuan Beier, Ross C. Zhang, Suxia Ding, Shuangyang Li, Xiaowei Shen, Jianzhong TI Development of an immunoaffinity column method using broad-specificity monoclonal antibodies for simultaneous extraction and cleanup of quinolone and sulfonamide antibiotics in animal muscle tissues SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Immunoaffinity; Quinolones; Sulfonamides; Muscle tissues; Residue analysis; LC-ESI-MS/MS ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COMPLEX SAMPLE MATRICES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRACE-ANALYSIS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; WASTE-WATER; RESIDUES; FOOD; FLUOROQUINOLONES AB This paper describes a novel mixed-bed immunoaffinity column (IAC) method. The IAC was produced by coupling anti-quinolone and anti-sulfonamide broad-specificity monoclonal antibodies to Sepharose 413 for simultaneously isolating 13 quinolones (QNs) and 6 sulfonamides (SAs) from swine and chicken muscle tissues, followed by antibiotic determination using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A new broad-specificity Mab (B1A4E8) toward sulfonamides was produced using sulfamethoxazole as hapten that demonstrated cross-reactivities to 6 SAs in the range of 31-112%. IAC optimized conditions were found that allowed the IAC to be reused for selective binding of both SAs and QNs. Recoveries of all 19 antibiotics from animal muscle ranged from 72.6 to 107.6%, with RSDs below 11.3% and 15.4% for intra-day and inter-day experiments, respectively. The limit of quantification ranged from 0.5 to 3.0 ng/g. The strategy used here for a mixed-bed IAC may be used to study other compounds and more than two classes of analytes simultaneously. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Cun; Wang, Zhanhui; Cao, Xingyuan; Zhang, Suxia; Ding, Shuangyang; Li, Xiaowei; Shen, Jianzhong] China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Li, Cun; Wang, Zhanhui; Cao, Xingyuan; Zhang, Suxia; Ding, Shuangyang; Li, Xiaowei; Shen, Jianzhong] Natl Reference Labs Vet Drug Residue, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Li, Cun] Hebei Univ Engn, Coll Agr, Dept Vet Med, Handan 056038, Peoples R China. [Beier, Ross C.] ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Shen, JZ (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM sjz@cau.edu.cn RI 志琴, 江/I-6431-2012; OI Wang, Zhanhui/0000-0002-0167-9559 FU Chinese National Outstanding Youth Science Fund [30325032]; National Key Technology Program [2006BAK02A08] FX This work was supported by the Chinese National Outstanding Youth Science Fund (30325032) and National Key Technology & Program (2006BAK02A08). NR 37 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 31 PY 2008 VL 1209 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.116 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 372ZT UT WOS:000260941500001 PM 18823896 ER PT J AU Argout, X Fouet, O Wincker, P Gramacho, K Legavre, T Sabau, X Risterucci, AM Da Silva, C Cascardo, J Allegre, M Kuhn, D Verica, J Courtois, B Loor, G Babin, R Sounigo, O Ducamp, M Guiltinan, MJ Ruiz, M Alemanno, L Machado, R Phillips, W Schnell, R Gilmour, M Rosenquist, E Butler, D Maximova, S Lanaud, C AF Argout, Xavier Fouet, Olivier Wincker, Patrick Gramacho, Karina Legavre, Thierry Sabau, Xavier Risterucci, Ange Marie Da Silva, Corinne Cascardo, Julio Allegre, Mathilde Kuhn, David Verica, Joseph Courtois, Brigitte Loor, Gaston Babin, Regis Sounigo, Olivier Ducamp, Michel Guiltinan, Mark J. Ruiz, Manuel Alemanno, Laurence Machado, Regina Phillips, Wilberth Schnell, Ray Gilmour, Martin Rosenquist, Eric Butler, David Maximova, Siela Lanaud, Claire TI Towards the understanding of the cocoa transcriptome: Production and analysis of an exhaustive dataset of ESTs of Theobroma cacao L. generated from various tissues and under various conditions SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID TIGR GENE INDEXES; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; CHOCOLATE PRODUCTS; POLYPHENOLS; RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION; PROCYANIDIN; TOOL; IDENTIFICATION; BIOCHEMISTRY AB Background: Theobroma cacao L., is a tree originated from the tropical rainforest of South America. It is one of the major cash crops for many tropical countries. T. cacao is mainly produced on smallholdings, providing resources for 14 million farmers. Disease resistance and T. cacao quality improvement are two important challenges for all actors of cocoa and chocolate production. T. cacao is seriously affected by pests and fungal diseases, responsible for more than 40% yield losses and quality improvement, nutritional and organoleptic, is also important for consumers. An international collaboration was formed to develop an EST genomic resource database for cacao. Results: Fifty-six cDNA libraries were constructed from different organs, different genotypes and different environmental conditions. A total of 149,650 valid EST sequences were generated corresponding to 48,594 unigenes, 12,692 contigs and 35,902 singletons. A total of 29,849 unigenes shared significant homology with public sequences from other species. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation was applied to distribute the ESTs among the main GO categories. A specific information system (ESTtik) was constructed to process, store and manage this EST collection allowing the user to query a database. To check the representativeness of our EST collection, we looked for the genes known to be involved in two different metabolic pathways extensively studied in other plant species and important for T. cacao qualities: the flavonoid and the terpene pathways. Most of the enzymes described in other crops for these two metabolic pathways were found in our EST collection. A large collection of new genetic markers was provided by this ESTs collection. Conclusion: This EST collection displays a good representation of the T. cacao transcriptome, suitable for analysis of biochemical pathways based on oligonucleotide microarrays derived from these ESTs. It will provide numerous genetic markers that will allow the construction of a high density gene map of T. cacao. This EST collection represents a unique and important molecular resource for T. cacao study and improvement, facilitating the discovery of candidate genes for important T. cacao trait variation. C1 [Argout, Xavier; Fouet, Olivier; Legavre, Thierry; Sabau, Xavier; Risterucci, Ange Marie; Allegre, Mathilde; Courtois, Brigitte; Ruiz, Manuel; Lanaud, Claire] CIRAD, UMR DAP TA 40 03, Biol Syst Dept, Montpellier, France. [Wincker, Patrick; Da Silva, Corinne] GENOSCOPE, F-91057 Evry, France. [Gramacho, Karina] CEPLAC, BR-4560000 Salvador, Brazil. [Cascardo, Julio] Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Lab Genom & Expressao GenicaRodovia Ilheus Itabun, Ilheus, Brazil. [Kuhn, David; Schnell, Ray] USDA ARS, Miami, FL USA. [Verica, Joseph; Guiltinan, Mark J.; Maximova, Siela] Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Babin, Regis; Sounigo, Olivier] IRAD, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Babin, Regis; Sounigo, Olivier] CIRAD, UPR 31, TA 80 02, Montpellier, France. [Ducamp, Michel] CIRAD, UMR BGPI TA41 K, F-34398 Montpellier, France. [Alemanno, Laurence] CIRAD, UMR BEPC TA 80 03, Montpellier, France. [Machado, Regina] MASTERFOODS, Almirante, Brazil. [Phillips, Wilberth] CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. [Gilmour, Martin] Mars Inc, Slough SL1 4JX, Berks, England. [Schnell, Ray; Rosenquist, Eric] USDA ARS, Natl Program Staff, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Butler, David] Univ W Indies, Cocoa Res Unit, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. RP Argout, X (reprint author), CIRAD, UMR DAP TA 40 03, Biol Syst Dept, Montpellier, France. EM xavier.argout@cirad.fr; olivier.fouet@cirad.fr; pwincker@genoscope.cns.fr; karina@cepec.gov.br; thierry.legavre@cirad.fr; xavier.sabau@cirad.fr; ange-marie.risterucci@cirad.fr; dasilva@genoscope.cns.fr; cascardo@labbi.uesc.br; maallegre@yahoo.fr; David.Kuhn@ARS.USDA.GOV; joeverica@yahoo.com; brigitte.courtois@cirad.fr; reyloor@yahoo.es; regis.babin@cirad.fr; olivier.sounigo@cirad.fr; michel.ducamp@cirad.fr; mjg9@psu.edu; manuel.ruiz@cirad.fr; laurence.alemanno@orange.fr; regina.machado@effem.com; wphillip@catie.ac.cr; rschnell@ars-grin.gov; martin.gilmour@eu.effem.com; Eric.Rosenquist@ARS.USDA.GOV; dbutler@intrepidequipment.com; snm104@psu.edu; claire.lanaud@cirad.fr RI Courtois, Brigitte/A-4004-2009; Ruiz, Manuel/E-6171-2010; OI Courtois, Brigitte/0000-0003-2118-7102; Gramacho, Karina/0000-0003-4037-1554 FU USDA; MARS FX We thank USDA and MARS for their financial support in this project. We also gratefully acknowledge CNRG for having funded and carried out the sequencing work of the project. Finally we wish to thank Renaud Boulanger for critically reading the manuscript. NR 64 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 22 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD OCT 30 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 512 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-512 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 417VC UT WOS:000264105600001 PM 18973681 ER PT J AU Kantiani, L Farre, M Asperger, D Rubio, F Gonzalez, S de Alda, MJL Petrovic, M Shelver, WL Barcelo, D AF Kantiani, Lina Farre, Marinella Asperger, Danijela Rubio, Fernando Gonzalez, Susana Lopez de Alda, Maria J. Petrovic, Mira Shelver, Weilin L. Barcelo, Damia TI Triclosan and methyl-triclosan monitoring study in the northeast of Spain using a magnetic particle enzyme immunoassay and confirmatory analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Triclosan; Methyl-triclosan; Monitoring; Immunoassay; GC-MS ID WATER; SEDIMENTS; TOXICITY; MILK AB For the first time, the occurrence of triclosan and its metabolite methyl-trictosan was investigated in a typical Mediterranean area using a two-step methodotogy based on screening using a magnetic particle immunoassay (IA) and confirmatory analysis by solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In this study, 95 environmental samples were analyzed. A commercial immunoassay was assessed for use in the different types of water selected for this study. A large monitoring study was performed on the influent and the effluent of eight wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), water samples from Ebro and Llobregat rivers, and drinking water. All wastewater samples tested in this study (influents and effluents) showed the presence of triclosan, with concentrations for raw influents being high (10 mu g/L as average value). The percentages of triclosan removal for the WWTPs were evaluated (30-70%) along the different treatment processes showing that the best removal rates were obtained by the processes equipped with membrane bioreactors (MBRs). However, important concentrations of triclosan were detected even after treatment by MBRs. The presence of this biocide was confirmed in 50% of the river samples analyzed. Twenty two drinking water samples from the Barcelona city area were investigated, and in this case no triclosan was detected. Due to its properties and the widespread usage of triclosan, there is a need for monitoring and controlling the amounts present in wastewater effluents, river water, drinking water catchments areas, and drinking water. To this end, we present a feasible methodology using a magnetic particle-based immunoassay as a screening, followed by confirmatory analysis using solid phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPE-GC-MS). (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kantiani, Lina; Farre, Marinella; Gonzalez, Susana; Lopez de Alda, Maria J.; Petrovic, Mira; Barcelo, Damia] IIQAB CSIC, Dept Environm Chem, Barcelona, Spain. [Asperger, Danijela] Univ Zagreb, Fac Chem Engn & Technol, Analyt Chem Lab, Zagreb 41000, Croatia. [Rubio, Fernando] Abraxis LLC, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. [Petrovic, Mira] ICREA, Barcelona 80010, Spain. [Shelver, Weilin L.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Farre, M (reprint author), IIQAB CSIC, Dept Environm Chem, Barcelona, Spain. EM mfuqam@cid.csic.es RI Lopez de Alda, Miren/E-3357-2014; Petrovic, MIra/L-1789-2014; OI Lopez de Alda, Miren/0000-0002-9347-2765; Petrovic, MIra/0000-0001-9734-1933; Barcelo, Damia/0000-0002-8873-0491 FU Project PROMOTE [GOCE518074]; Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [CTM2007-2817-E/TECNO]; CEMAGUA [CGL2007-64551/HID]; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [F-ZD 029/2007-2008]; Waters Corporation (USA) and Merck (Germany) FX This study was funded by the European Union through the Project PROMOTE (GOCE518074) and by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science through CTM2007-2817-E/TECNO and the project CEMAGUA (CGL2007-64551/HID). This article reflects only the author's views, and the EU is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. Marinella Farre thanks the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia for its support through the 13P program. Lina Kantiani thanks the Alexander S. Onassis public benefit foundation F-ZD 029/2007-2008. The Waters Corporation (USA) and Merck (Germany) are acknowledged for their gifts of the SIDE cartridges. Abraxis (USA) is gratefully acknowledged for the gift of ELISA immunoreagents. NR 17 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT 30 PY 2008 VL 361 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.07.016 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 371BE UT WOS:000260806000001 ER PT J AU Mckay, DL Saltzman, E Chen, CY Blumberg, J AF Mckay, Diane L. Saltzman, Edward Chen, Chung-Yen Blumberg, Jeffrey TI Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Tea (Tisane) Lowers Blood Pressure In Prehypertensive and Mildly Hypertensive Adults SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 81st Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 08-12, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 [Mckay, Diane L.; Saltzman, Edward; Chen, Chung-Yen; Blumberg, Jeffrey] Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 28 PY 2008 VL 118 IS 18 BP S1123 EP S1123 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 389ON UT WOS:000262104504461 ER PT J AU Van Himbergen, TM Matthan, NR Resteghini, NA Stein, EA Jones, PH Schaefer, EJ AF van Himbergen, Thomas M. Matthan, Nirupa R. Resteghini, Nancy A. Stein, Evan A. Jones, Peter H. Schaefer, Ernst J. TI The Effects of Intensive Statin Therapy on Markers of Cholesterol Synthesis and Absorption SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 81st Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 08-12, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 [van Himbergen, Thomas M.; Matthan, Nirupa R.; Resteghini, Nancy A.; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Stein, Evan A.] Metab & Atherosclerosis Rsch Cntr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Jones, Peter H.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 28 PY 2008 VL 118 IS 18 BP S406 EP S406 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 389ON UT WOS:000262104500614 ER PT J AU Ganesan, V Muthukumarappan, K Rosentrater, KA AF Ganesan, V. Muthukumarappan, K. Rosentrater, K. A. TI Flow properties of DDGS with varying soluble and moisture contents using jenike shear testing SO POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DDGS; Flow properties; Jenike shear test; Major consolidation stressl; Mohr circle; Unconfined yield strength ID STORAGE-CONDITIONS; FOOD POWDERS; CONSOLIDATION; FLOWABILITY; METHODOLOGY AB Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are an excellent source of energy, minerals, and bypass protein for ruminants and are used in monogastric rations as well. With the remarkable growth of the US fuel ethanol industry in the past decade, large quantities of distillers grains arc now being produced. Flow of DDGS is often restricted by caking and bridging during its storage and transportation. In our previous works, the Carr powder tester was used to measure various flow properties of DDGS. The objective of this study was to measure the flow properties (cohesion, effective angle of friction, internal angle of friction, yield locus, flow function, major consolidating stress, and unconfined yield strength) of DDGS using the Jenike shear tester. This work investigated the influence Of four levels Of solubles (10, 15, 20, and 25% db) and five levels of moisture content (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% db) on the resulting flow properties of DDGS. With an increase in soluble levels, the flow function curves of DDGS shift in an anticlockwise direction towards the shear stress (sigma(c)) axis. Depending on the soluble level, above certain moisture contents, the moisture actually began acting as a lubricant, easing the flow of the DDGS. Also, with higher solubles and moisture levels, the compressibility of DDGS was found to increase. Overall, the DDGS was classified as a cohesive material, and it is likely to produce cohesive arching problems. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rosentrater, K. A.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Ganesan, V.; Muthukumarappan, K.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM kurt.rosentrater@ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 FU South Dakota Corn Utilization Council (SDCUC); South Dakota Agricultural Experimental Station (AES); USDAARS FX The authors would like to thank the Dakota Ethanol Plant (Wentworth, SD) which contributed samples for the study, the South Dakota Corn Utilization Council (SDCUC), the South Dakota Agricultural Experimental Station (AES), and the USDAARS for financial Support. NR 19 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0032-5910 J9 POWDER TECHNOL JI Powder Technol. PD OCT 28 PY 2008 VL 187 IS 2 BP 130 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.powtec.2008.02.003 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 370BA UT WOS:000260736500005 ER PT J AU Chaudhury, MF Ward, GB Skoda, SR Deng, MY Welch, JB McKenna, TS AF Chaudhury, M. F. Ward, G. B. Skoda, S. R. Deng, M. Y. Welch, J. B. McKenna, T. S. TI Screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax, reared for mass release do not carry and spread foot-and-mouth disease virus and classical swine fever virus SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE New World screwworm; formaldehyde; rearing; strain development; viral disease transmission AB Experiments were done to determine if transporting live screwworms Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel (Diptera: Calliphoridae) for developing new strains from countries where foot-and-mouth disease and classical swine fever are endemic, to the mass rearing facilities in Mexico and Panama, may introduce these exotic diseases into these countries. Are screwworms capable of harboring and spreading foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) when they are grown in virus-inoculated larval rearing medium? In one experiment, screwworm larvae were reared in a FMDV-inoculated artificial medium containing either 0.1% formaldehyde or antibiotics as an antimicrobial agent. In another experiment, larvae were similarly reared in a CSFV-inoculated artificial medium containing 0.1% formaldehyde. In each experiment, samples of larvae and the rearing media were collected daily until pupation occurred. The presence of FMDV was assayed by observing cytopathic effects on cell cultures and a conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); CSFV was assayed using an avidin-biotin complex assay and a conventional RT-PCR. For media containing antibiotics, FMDV was detected in a larval sample collected on day 1 and in media samples on days 1, 2 and 3. No FMDV was detected from larval and media samples collected on all other days. For media containing formaldehyde, FMDV and CSFV were not detectable in larval or media samples collected on all sampling days. These results indicate that FMDV and CSFV cannot survive in rearing medium containing formaldehyde as an antimicrobial agent. Therefore, insects collected in endemic regions and reared using formaldehyde-containing medium for at least one generation at the collection site should be free of FMDV and CSFV and can be transported safely to a strain development/mass rearing facility. C1 [Chaudhury, M. F.; Skoda, S. R.] USDA ARS, Screwworm Res Unit, Panama City, Panama. [Ward, G. B.; Deng, M. Y.; McKenna, T. S.] USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, FADDL,Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Plum Island, NY USA. [Welch, J. B.] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78029 USA. RP Chaudhury, MF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Screwworm Res Unit, Panama City, Panama. EM Muhammad.Chaudhury@ars.usda.gov; Gordon.B.Ward@aphis.usda.gov; Steve.Skoda@ars.usda.gov; Ming.Y.Deng@aphis.usda.gov; John.Welch@ars.usda.gov; Tom.S.McKenna@aphis.usda.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD OCT 23 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 62 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 366OX UT WOS:000260493300002 ER PT J AU Pena, L Moraes, MP Koster, M Burrage, T Pacheco, JM Segundo, FDS Grubman, MJ AF Pena, Lindomar Moraes, Mauro Pires Koster, Marla Burrage, Thomas Pacheco, Juan M. Segundo, Fayna Diaz-San Grubman, Marvin J. TI Delivery of a foot-and-mouth disease virus empty capsid subunit antigen with nonstructural protein 2B improves protection of swine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Foot-and-mouth disease; Replication-defective human adenovirus; Vaccine; Proteins 2B and 2C ID HUMAN ADENOVIRUS TYPE-5; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; SECRETORY PATHWAY; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CELL LINE; IN-VITRO; VACCINE; CHALLENGE; 2C; INDUCTION AB To develop a more efficacious human adenovirus (Ad5)-vectored foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) subunit vaccine (Ad5-A24) we have included coding regions for FMDV nonstructural proteins 2B and 2C. These proteins are involved in membrane re-arrangements resulting in the proliferation of cytoplasmic vesicles which serve as the sites of virus replication. Cells infected with a vector containing full-length 2B (Ad5-CI-A24-2B) had a significant increase in the number of cytoplasmic vesicles as compared to cells infected with the original vector or a vector containing full-length 2BC. Swine inoculated with Ad5-CI-A24-2B developed an enhanced FMDV-specific neutralizing antibody response as compared to animals inoculated with the original vector and showed no clinical signs of disease after challenge. In a second experiment animals vaccinated with Ad5-Cl-A24-2B were not fully protected but had a more rapid and robust humoral response and two out of three pigs had delayed and less severe disease than animals in the other vaccinated groups. These results suggest that incorporation of the complete coding region of 2B into the vaccine enhances its potency and protective efficacy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pena, Lindomar; Moraes, Mauro Pires; Koster, Marla; Pacheco, Juan M.; Segundo, Fayna Diaz-San; Grubman, Marvin J.] USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Burrage, Thomas] US Dept Homeland Secur, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Grubman, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, NAA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM marvin.grubman@ars.usda.gov OI Pacheco, Juan/0000-0001-5477-0201 FU Plum Island Animal Disease Research Participation Program; CRIS Project [1940-32000-053-00D]; ARS; USDA FX This work was supported in part by the Plum Island Animal Disease Research Participation Program administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (appointment of Lindomar Pena and Fayna Diaz-San Segundo) and by CRIS Project Number 1940-32000-053-00D, ARS, USDA (Marvin. J. Grubman). We are thankful to the Plum Island animal caretakers for their assistance with the animals, Dr. Teresa de los Santos for helping with the quantitation of capsid protein expression and Drs. Jose Barrera and James Zhu for carrying out the statistical analyses. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Domingos Pena. NR 59 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 23 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 45 BP 5689 EP 5699 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.08.022 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 368UH UT WOS:000260647500005 PM 18762225 ER PT J AU Lohne, C Borsch, T Jacobs, SWL Hellquist, CB Wiersema, JH AF Loehne, Cornelia Borsch, Thomas Jacobs, Surrey W. L. Hellquist, C. Barre Wiersema, John H. TI Nuclear and plastid DNA sequences reveal complex reticulate patterns in Australian water-lilies (Nymphaea subgenus Anecphya, Nymphaeaceae) SO AUSTRALIAN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIBED SPACER SEQUENCES; RIBOSOMAL DNA; CONCERTED EVOLUTION; PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; CHLOROPLAST DNA; AQUATIC ORNAMENTALS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; BASAL ANGIOSPERMS; DATA SETS; ONDINEA AB This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of phylogenetic relationships within the Australian water-lilies, Nymphaea subg. Anecphya. Our 51-accession dataset covers all 10 species of the subgenus, except the newly described N. alexii, and includes information from the nuclear ITS as well as from the chloroplast trnT-trnF region. The results show that molecular data are consistent with morphology, because the subdivision of subg. Anecphya into two major clades, a large-seeded and a small-seeded group, could be confirmed. Within the large-seeded group, Nymphaea atrans and N. immutabilis seem to form one clade, whereas samples of N. gigantea, N. georginae, N. macrosperma and N. carpentariae form another. Relationships within the small-seeded group, containing all samples of N. violacea, N. elleniae and N. hastifolia, are less clear, since the trees obtained from the chloroplast and the nuclear marker are incongruent. The samples of N. violacea do not form a monophyletic group in each of the trees, but-at least in the ITS tree-group with either N. elleniae or N. hastifolia/Ondinea, respectively. Polymorphisms among ITS paralogues, i.e. substitutions at single nucleotide positions and length polymorphisms, have been observed in some samples of N. violacea. This fact as well as the incongruent phylogenetic signal obtained from the chloroplast and the nuclear genomes point to recent hybridisation or introgression in this group. Remarkably, Ondinea purpurea is resolved within the small-seeded group by both markers and seems to have a close relationship to N. hastifolia. Although incomplete lineage sorting cannot be fully excluded to explain high variability in N. violacea, molecular data potentially hint to a case of still imperfect taxonomy. C1 [Loehne, Cornelia; Borsch, Thomas] Univ Bonn, Nees Inst Biodiversitat Pflanzen, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Jacobs, Surrey W. L.] Royal Bot Gardens, Natl Herbarium, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. [Hellquist, C. Barre] Massachusetts Coll Liberal Arts, Dept Biol, N Adams, MA 01247 USA. [Wiersema, John H.] ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lohne, C (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Bot Garden & Bot Museum Berlin Dahlem, Konigin Luise Str 6-8, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. EM c.loehne@bgbm.org OI Wiersema, John/0000-0001-9383-2807 NR 67 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1030-1887 J9 AUST SYST BOT JI Aust. Syst. Bot. PD OCT 22 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 4 BP 229 EP 250 DI 10.1071/SB07010 PG 22 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 362UQ UT WOS:000260223000001 ER PT J AU Manthey, JA Bendele, P AF Manthey, John A. Bendele, Philip TI Anti-inflammatory Activity of an Orange Peel Polymethoxylated Flavone, 3 ',4 ',3,5,6,7,8-Heptamethoxyflavone, in the Rat Carrageenan/Paw Edema and Mouse Lipopolysaccharide-Challenge Assays SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Flavonoids; polymethoxylated flavones; citrus; inflammation; cytokines; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; carrageenan; bacterial lipopolysaccharides ID CYCLIC-AMP PHOSPHODIESTERASE; ENDOTOXIN-SHOCK; CITRUS; HESPERIDIN; MICE; SUPPRESSION; INHIBITION; NARINGIN; INJURY AB The anti-inflammatory properties of 3',4',3,5,6,7,8-heptamethoxyflavone (HMF), a citrus polymethoxylated flavone, were studied in the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenge/tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) response in mice and in the carrageenan/paw edema assay in rats. In each of these trials, HMF administered by intraperitoneal (ip) injection exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, whereas HMF administered orally (po) produced no effects. The inhibition observed in the LPS-challenge/TNF alpha assay correlated with the HMF levels in the blood sera of mice dosed (ip) with either 33 or 100 mg/kg body weight. Low levels of HMF (0.035 +/- 0.024 ppm) were detected in the blood sera of mice dosed orally [100 mg of HMF (suspended in vegetable oil)/kg], whereas ip injection led to higher levels (0.517 +/- 0.051 ppm). This may account for the different levels of anti-inflammatory effects observed in mice following ip vs oral HMF administration. HMF metabolites, including a number of mono- and di-demethylated HMF metabolites and their glucuronic acid conjugates, were also detected, but results of these studies suggest that the glucuronidated metabolites of HMF are inactive in these inflammation models. C1 [Manthey, John A.] ARS, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Bendele, Philip] Bolder Biopath, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Manthey, JA (reprint author), ARS, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM John.Manthey@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 22 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 20 BP 9399 EP 9403 DI 10.1021/jf801222h PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 361BM UT WOS:000260102500011 PM 18816060 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Huang, LH Sokorai, KJB AF Fan, Xuetong Huang, Lihan Sokorai, Kimberly J. B. TI Factors Affecting Thermally Induced Furan Formation SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Furan; heat; pH; phosphate; temperature; sugars; ascorbic acid ID MAILLARD REACTION; HEADSPACE METHOD; MODEL SYSTEMS; ASCORBIC-ACID; BUFFER TYPE; FOOD; METHYLFURAN; PHOSPHATE; GLUCOSE; PRODUCT AB Furan, a potential carcinogen, can be induced by heat from sugars, ascorbic acid, and fatty acids. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of pH, phosphate, temperature, and heating time on furan formation. Heat-induced furan formation from free sugars, ascorbic acid, and linoleic acid was profoundly affected by pH and the presence of phosphate. In general, the presence of phosphate increased furan formation in solutions of sugars and ascorbic acid. In a linoleic acid emulsion, phosphate increased the formation of furan at pH 6 but not at pH 3. When an ascorbic acid solution was heated, higher amounts of furan were produced at pH 3 than at pH 6 regardless of phosphate's presence. However, in linoleic acid emulsion, more furan was produced at pH 6 than at pH 3. The highest amount of furan was formed from the linoleic acid emulsion at pH 6. In fresh apple cider, a product with free sugars as the major components (besides water) and little fatty acids, ascorbic acid, or phosphate, small or very low amounts of furan was formed by heating at 90-120 degrees C for up to 10 min. The results indicated that free sugars may not lead to significant amounts of furan formation under conditions for pasteurization and sterilization. Importantly, this is the first report demonstrating that phosphate (in addition to pH) plays a significant role in thermally induced furan formation. C1 [Fan, Xuetong; Huang, Lihan; Sokorai, Kimberly J. B.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xuetong.fan@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 22 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 20 BP 9490 EP 9494 DI 10.1021/jf801612c PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 361BM UT WOS:000260102500025 PM 18811167 ER PT J AU Heighton, L Schmidt, WF Siefert, RL AF Heighton, Lynne Schmidt, Walter F. Siefert, Ronald L. TI Kinetic and Equilibrium Constants of Phytic Acid and Ferric and Ferrous Phytate Derived from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Inositol hexakisdihydrogen phosphate; phytic acid; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; organic phosphate; ferric phytate; ferrous phytate; IHP; kinetic rate constants ID INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; PHOSPHORUS; SOILS; MANURE AB Inositol phosphates are metabolically derived organic phosphates (P) that increasingly appear to be an important sink and source of P in the environment. Salts of myo-inositol hexakisdihydrogen phosphate (IHP) or more commonly phytate are the most common inositol phosphates in the environment. I HP resists acidic dephosphorylation and enzymatic dephosphorylation as ferric or ferrous IHP. Mobility of IHP iron complexes is potentially pH and redox responsive, making the time scale and environmental fate and transport of the P associated with the IHP of interest to the mass balance of phosphorus. Ferric and ferrous complexes of IHP were investigated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-1 NMR) and enzymatic dephosphorylation. Ferrous IHP was found to form quickly and persist for a longer period then ferric IHP. Dissociation constants derived from H-1 NMR experiments of chemically exchanging systems at equilibrium were 1.11 and 1.19 and formation constants were 0.90 and 0.84 for ferric and ferrous IHP, respectively. The recovery of P from enzymatic dephosphorylation of ferric and ferrous IHP was consistent with the magnitude of the kinetic and equilibrium rate constants. C1 [Heighton, Lynne] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Schmidt, Walter F.] ARS, USDA, ANRI Barc West, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Siefert, Ronald L.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Heighton, L (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM heighton@umd.edu NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 22 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 20 BP 9543 EP 9547 DI 10.1021/jf801465y PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 361BM UT WOS:000260102500032 PM 18798632 ER PT J AU Offeman, RD Stephenson, SK Franqui, D Cline, JL Robertson, GH Orts, WJ AF Offeman, Richard D. Stephenson, Serena K. Franqui, Diana Cline, Jessica L. Robertson, George H. Orts, William J. TI Extraction of ethanol with higher alcohol solvents and their toxicity to yeast SO SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solvent extraction; Ethanol; Distribution coefficients; Yeast toxicity ID ECONOMIC-EVALUATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; FERMENTATION; SELECTION; PRODUCTS; INHIBITION; STRATEGIES; BIOREACTOR; RECOVERY AB In a solvent extraction screening study, several beta-branched alcohols in the 14-20 carbons range show improved extractive performance to recover ethanol from aqueous solutions compared to commonly studied solvents such as oleyl alcohol and 1-dodecanol. These beta-branched alcohols were selected for screening based on extrapolation of results in earlier work with lower molecular weight aliphatic alcohol solvents, that indicated higher separation factors should be realized when hydroxyl position is mid-chain, and there is branching. Solvent toxicity to a commercial yeast commonly used in fuel ethanol production also was evaluated for these as well as several lower molecular weight alcohols. For the alcohols studied, those containing 12 or fewer carbons were toxic or inhibitory to the yeast; those containing 14 or more carbons were non-toxic and non-inhibitory. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Offeman, Richard D.; Stephenson, Serena K.; Franqui, Diana; Cline, Jessica L.; Robertson, George H.; Orts, William J.] USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Offeman, RD (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Richard.Offeman@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5866 J9 SEP PURIF TECHNOL JI Sep. Purif. Technol. PD OCT 22 PY 2008 VL 63 IS 2 BP 444 EP 451 DI 10.1016/j.seppur.2008.06.005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 369OA UT WOS:000260702600027 ER PT J AU Lu, FC Ralph, J AF Lu, Fachuang Ralph, John TI Novel tetrahydrofuran structures derived from beta-beta-coupling reactions involving sinapyl acetate in Kenaf lignins SO ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID P-HYDROXYCINNAMYL ALCOHOLS; TRANSITION-METAL SALTS; COUMARIC ACID; DFRC METHOD; MODEL; HYDROXYBENZOATE; BIOSYNTHESIS; BAMBOO; UNITS; NMR AB Free radical coupling of sinapyl gamma-acetate or cross-coupling between sinapyl acetate and sinapyl alcohol yields novel tetrahydrofuran beta-beta-(cross-)coupled dehydrodimers. Such substructures are therefore anticipated in naturally acetylated lignins, e.g. in Kenaf, if sinapyl acetate is a component of the lignin monomer pool. The DFRC (derivatization followed by reductive cleavage) method, modified by replacing all acetyl reagents and solvents with their propionyl analogs (DFRC'), allows the analysis of naturally acetylated lignins. DFRC' treatment of the sinapyl acetate-derived dimers or crossed dimers gave diagnostic products that retain at least one acetate group on a sidechain gamma-position; the products have been authenticated by comparison of their mass spectra and GC retention times with those of synthesized compounds. DFRC' of Kenaf lignins produces the same diagnostic products as from the dimers, implicating the presence of the various tetrahydrofuran units in Kenaf lignins. With data from the model compounds in hand, NMR analysis of Kenaf lignins elegantly confirms the presence of such substructures in the polymer, establishing that acetates on Kenaf lignins arise through incorporation of sinapyl acetate, as a lignin precursor, via enzyme-mediated radical coupling mechanisms. C1 [Lu, Fachuang; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Enzyme Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lu, Fachuang] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Enzyme Inst, Madison, WI USA. [Ralph, John] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ralph, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Enzyme Inst, 1710 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Jralph@wisc.edu NR 39 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-0520 J9 ORG BIOMOL CHEM JI Org. Biomol. Chem. PD OCT 21 PY 2008 VL 6 IS 20 BP 3681 EP 3694 DI 10.1039/b809464k PG 14 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 365SW UT WOS:000260429100008 PM 18843398 ER PT J AU Yao, JQ Lin, H Van Deynze, A Doddapaneni, H Francis, M Lemos, EGM Civerolo, EL AF Yao, Jiqiang Lin, Hong Van Deynze, Allen Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan Francis, Martha Macedo Lemos, Eliana Gertrudes Civerolo, Edwin L. TI PrimerSNP: a web tool for whole-genome selection of allele-specific and common primers of phylogenetically-related bacterial genomic sequences SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PCR PRIMERS; DESIGN; HYBRIDIZATION; STABILITY AB Background: The increasing number of genomic sequences of bacteria makes it possible to select unique SNPs of a particular strain/species at the whole genome level and thus design specific primers based on the SNPs. The high similarity of genomic sequences among phylogenetically-related bacteria requires the identification of the few loci in the genome that can serve as unique markers for strain differentiation. PrimerSNP attempts to identify reliable strain-specific markers, on which specific primers are designed for pathogen detection purpose. Results: PrimerSNP is an online tool to design primers based on strain specific SNPs for multiple strains/species of microorganisms at the whole genome level. The allele-specific primers could distinguish query sequences of one strain from other homologous sequences by standard PCR reaction. Additionally, PrimerSNP provides a feature for designing common primers that can amplify all the homologous sequences of multiple strains/species of microorganisms. PrimerSNP is freely available at http://cropdisease.ars.usda.gov/similar to primer. Conclusion: PrimerSNP is a high-throughput specific primer generation tool for the differentiation of phylogenetically-related strains/species. Experimental validation showed that this software had a successful prediction rate of 80.4 - 100% for strain specific primer design. C1 [Lin, Hong; Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan; Civerolo, Edwin L.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Yao, Jiqiang] Citrus Res Board, Visalia, CA 93291 USA. [Van Deynze, Allen] Univ Calif Davis, Seed Biotechnol Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Macedo Lemos, Eliana Gertrudes] Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Dept Tecnol, BR-14884900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Civerolo, EL (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM jiqiangyao@yahoo.com; hong.lin@ars.usda.gov; avandeynze@ucdavis.edu; harsha.Doddapaneni@ars.usda.gov; martaifrancis@ufl.edu; egerle@fcav.unesp.br; eciverolo@ars.usda.gov RI LEMOS, ELIANA/A-3604-2008 FU Citrus Research Board (CRB) [5300-05F]; University of California (IUCRP) [06-002845] FX This project is supported by Citrus Research Board (CRB project No. 5300-05F) and University of California (IUCRP project No. 06-002845). NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD OCT 20 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 185 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-8-185 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 370FK UT WOS:000260747900001 PM 18937861 ER PT J AU Choi, MH Jacobs, JM Kustas, WP AF Choi, Minha Jacobs, Jennifer M. Kustas, William P. TI Assessment of clear and cloudy sky parameterizations for daily downwelling longwave radiation over different land surfaces in Florida, USA SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-RADIATION; ATMOSPHERE; FORMULA; SKIES AB Clear sky downwelling longwave radiation (R(1dc)) and cloudy sky downwelling longwave radiation (R(1d)) formulas were tested across eleven sites in Florida. The Brunt equation, using air vapor pressure and temperature measurements, provides the best R(1dc) estimates with a root mean square error of less than around 12 Wm(-2) across all sites. The Crawford and Duchon's cloudiness factor with Brunt equation is recommended for R(1d) calculations. This combined approach requires no local calibration and estimates R(1d) with a root mean square error of less than around 13 Wm(-2) and squared correlation coefficients that typically exceed 0.9. Citation: Choi, M., J. M. Jacobs, and W. P. Kustas (2008), Assessment of clear and cloudy sky parameterizations for daily downwelling longwave radiation over different land surfaces in Florida, USA, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20402, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035731. C1 [Choi, Minha; Kustas, William P.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Jacobs, Jennifer M.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Civil Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Choi, MH (reprint author), ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM minha.choi@ars.usda.gov FU US Geological Survey FX This research was supported by cooperative funding from the Florida Water Management Districts administered by the US Geological Survey. The authors thank David Sumner at Florida Integrated Science Center, USGS, Chandra Pathak at the South Florida Water Management District and George Robinson at the St. Johns River Water Management District. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 18 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 20 AR L20402 DI 10.1029/2008GL035731 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 362DC UT WOS:000260177400007 ER PT J AU Heitman, JL Xiao, X Horton, R Sauer, TJ AF Heitman, J. L. Xiao, X. Horton, R. Sauer, T. J. TI Sensible heat measurements indicating depth and magnitude of subsurface soil water evaporation SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; PULSE METHOD; PORE SHAPE; PROBE; FLUX; DYNAMICS; SURFACE; BALANCE; ZONE AB Most measurement approaches for determining evaporation assume that the latent heat flux originates from the soil surface. Here, a new method is described for determining in situ soil water evaporation dynamics from fine-scale measurements of soil temperature and thermal properties with heat pulse sensors. A sensible heat balance is computed using soil heat flux density at two depths and change in sensible heat storage in between; the sensible heat balance residual is attributed to latent heat from evaporation of soil water. Comparisons between near-surface soil heat flux density and Bowen ratio energy balance measurements suggest that evaporation originates below the soil surface several days after rainfall. The sensible heat balance accounts for this evaporation dynamic in millimeter-scale depth increments within the soil. Comparisons of sensible heat balance daily evaporation estimates to Bowen ratio and mass balance estimates indicate strong agreement (r(2) = 0.96, root-mean-square error = 0.20 mm). Potential applications of this technique include location of the depth and magnitude of subsurface evaporation fluxes and estimation of stage 2-3 daily evaporation without requirements for large fetch. These applications represent new contributions to vadose zone hydrology. C1 [Heitman, J. L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Xiao, X.; Horton, R.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Sauer, T. J.] Agr Res Serv, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Heitman, JL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Campus Box 7619, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jlheitman@ncsu.edu RI Heitman, Joshua/F-8535-2010; Xiao, Xinhua/F-4285-2014 OI Xiao, Xinhua/0000-0002-0629-4391 FU National Science Foundation [0809656]; ConocoPhillips Company; Hatch Act; State of Iowa; State of North Carolina funds FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant 0809656, by ConocoPhillips Company, and by Hatch Act, State of Iowa, and State of North Carolina funds. NR 31 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 18 PY 2008 VL 44 AR W00D05 DI 10.1029/2008WR006961 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 362ES UT WOS:000260181600001 ER PT J AU Minocha, R Thangavel, P Dhankher, OP Long, S AF Minocha, Rakesh Thangavel, P. Dhankher, Om Parkash Long, Stephanie TI Separation and quantification of monothiols and phytochelatins from a wide variety of cell cultures and tissues of trees and other plants using high performance liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Algae; Arabidopsis; Crambe; Forest trees; HPLC; mBBr; Phytochelatins; Sugar maple; Red spruce; Rice ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT THIOLS; MARINE GREEN-ALGA; FLUORESCENCE-DETECTION; DUNALIELLA-TERTIOLECTA; AMINO-ACIDS; METAL EXPOSURE; CADMIUM; GLUTATHIONE; MONOBROMOBIMANE; DERIVATIZATION AB The HPLC method presented here for the quantification of metal-binding thiols is considerably shorter than most previously published methods. It is a sensitive and highly reproducible method that separates monobromobimane tagged monothiols (cysteine, glutathione, gamma-glutamylcysteine) along with polythiols (PC2, PC3, PC4 and PC5) within 23 min from a wide variety of samples. Total run time of the method is 35 min. Detection limits for thiols is 33 fmol for 10 mu L injection. This method will be applicable to study the metal detoxification mechanisms for a wide variety of cell cultures and tissues of plants and trees including algae, Arabidopsis, crambe, rice, and red spruce. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Minocha, Rakesh; Thangavel, P.; Long, Stephanie] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Dhankher, Om Parkash] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. RP Minocha, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM rminocha@unh.edu RI Dhankher, Om Parkash/P-1880-2016; OI Dhankher, Om Parkash/0000-0003-0737-6783 NR 47 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 17 PY 2008 VL 1207 IS 1-2 BP 72 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.023 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 365HX UT WOS:000260397600008 PM 18760414 ER PT J AU Felise, HB Nguyen, HV Pfuetzner, RA Barry, KC Jackson, SR Blanc, MP Bronstein, PA Kline, T Miller, SI AF Felise, Heather B. Nguyen, Hai V. Pfuetzner, Richard A. Barry, Kathleen C. Jackson, Stona R. Blanc, Marie-Pierre Bronstein, Philip A. Kline, Toni Miller, Samuel I. TI An Inhibitor of Gram-Negative Bacterial Virulence Protein Secretion SO CELL HOST & MICROBE LA English DT Article ID ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA ELASTASE; SPONGE CAMINUS-SPHAEROCONIA; SMALL-MOLECULE INHIBITORS; III SECRETION; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; TWITCHING MOTILITY; OUTER-MEMBRANE; IV PILI; SYSTEM AB Bacterial virulence mechanisms are attractive targets for antibiotic development because they are required for the pathogenesis of numerous global infectious disease agents. The bacterial secretion systems used to assemble the surface structures that promote adherence and deliver protein virulence effectors to host cells could comprise one such therapeutic target. In this study, we developed and performed a high-throughput screen of small molecule libraries and identified one compound, a 2-imino-5-arylidene thiazolidinone that blocked secretion and virulence functions of a wide array of animal and plant Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. This compound inhibited type III secretion-dependent functions, with the exception of flagellar motility, and type II secretion-dependent functions, suggesting that its target could be an outer membrane component conserved between these two secretion systems. This work provides a proof of concept that compounds with a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-negative bacterial secretion systems could be developed to prevent and treat bacterial diseases. C1 [Felise, Heather B.; Nguyen, Hai V.; Pfuetzner, Richard A.; Barry, Kathleen C.; Jackson, Stona R.; Blanc, Marie-Pierre; Kline, Toni; Miller, Samuel I.] Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Miller, Samuel I.] Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Miller, Samuel I.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bronstein, Philip A.] ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Miller, SI (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM millersi@u.washington.edu FU NIH; NIAID [U54 A105714]; Northwest Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research FX We would like to thank L. Hoffman and S. Sanowar for critical reading of the manuscript and the staff at the NSRB for their technical assistance with the HTS. E.E. Galyov (Division of Microbiology, Institute for Animal Health, UK) generously provided the SipA, B, and C antibodies. V. Koronakis (Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge) generously provided the InvG antibodies. We would like to thank K.T. Hughes (Department of Biology, University of Utah) for providing the flhC transcriptional reporter fusion and the flgC::Tn10 insertion. This work was funded by the NIH and NIAID (U54 A105714), and the investigators are members of the Northwest Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research. NR 45 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 8 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1931-3128 J9 CELL HOST MICROBE JI Cell Host Microbe PD OCT 16 PY 2008 VL 4 IS 4 BP 325 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.chom.2008.08.001 PG 12 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 363PF UT WOS:000260278500007 PM 18854237 ER PT J AU Lange, AK Vanwanseele, B Singh, MAF AF Lange, Angela K. Vanwanseele, Benedicte Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone TI Strength Training for Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Systematic Review SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; OLDER-ADULTS; RESISTANCE EXERCISE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; HOME EXERCISE; RISK-FACTORS; PAIN; PROGRAM; SENIORS AB Objective. To assess the effectiveness of isolated resistance training on arthritis symptoms, physical performance, and psychological function in people with knee osteoarthritis. Methods. A comprehensive systematic database search for randomized controlled trials was performed. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for potential inclusion. Study quality indicators, arthritis symptoms, muscle strength, functional performance, and psychological outcomes were extracted. The relative effect sizes (ES) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Results. Eighteen studies enrolling 2,832 subjects were reviewed; the mean cohort age range was 55-74 years. In general, the quality of the reviewed literature was moderately robust; on average, 8 out of 12 quality criteria were accounted for in the reviewed literature. Self-reported measures of pain, physical function, and performance, along with muscle strength (mean 17.4%), maximal gait speed and chair stand time, and balance improved significantly following resistance training in 56-100% of studies where they were measured. Limitations included lack of data available for ES calculations and lack of adverse event and compliance reporting, particularly with regard to the actual training intensity versus the prescribed training intensity. Conclusion. Resistance training improved muscle strength and self-reported measures of pain and physical function in over 50-75% of this cohort; 50-100% of the studies reported a significant improvement in all but 1 performance-based physical function measure (walk time). The effects of resistance training on health-related quality of life and depression are yet to be confirmed. More research needs to be conducted to establish dose-response relationships and the effect of resistance training on long-term disability, disease pathology, and progression. C1 [Lange, Angela K.; Vanwanseele, Benedicte; Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lange, AK (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Exercise Hlth & Performance Fac, Res Grp, POB 170, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia. EM alan5625@mail.usyd.edu.au NR 44 TC 92 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRIT RHEUM-ARTHR JI Arthritis Rheum-Arthritis Care Res. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 59 IS 10 BP 1488 EP 1494 DI 10.1002/art.24118 PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 362RN UT WOS:000260214900018 PM 18821647 ER PT J AU Cotterill, IC Rich, JO Scholten, MD Mozhaeva, L Michels, PC AF Cotterill, Ian C. Rich, Joseph O. Scholten, Marc D. Mozhaeva, Lyudmila Michels, Peter C. TI Reversible derivatization to enhance enzymatic synthesis: Chemoenzymatic synthesis of doxorubicin-14-O-esters SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE enzymatic synthesis; doxorubicin esterification; reversible derivatization ID BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION; PROTECTING GROUP; ORGANIC MEDIA; ANTHRACYCLINE; DERIVATIVES; ADRIAMYCIN; DOXORUBICIN; VALRUBICIN; ANALOGS; CANCER AB An efficient three-step, chemoenzymatic synthesis of unprotected doxorubicin-14-O-esters from doxorubicin hydrochloride salt is described. The key step is a lipase-catalyzed regioselective transesterification/esterification using commercially available acyl donors and doxorubicin reversibly derivatized with N-alloc to improve substrate loadings. The overall yield is ca. 60% and chromatographic purification is not required, thereby making the process more amenable to scale-up. C1 [Cotterill, Ian C.; Scholten, Marc D.; Mozhaeva, Lyudmila; Michels, Peter C.] AMRI, Albany, NY 12212 USA. [Rich, Joseph O.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cotterill, IC (reprint author), AMRI, 21 Corp Circle,POB 15098, Albany, NY 12212 USA. EM ian.cotterill@amriglobal.com; joseph.rich@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 3 BP 435 EP 440 DI 10.1002/bit.21929 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 350NF UT WOS:000259358700002 PM 18478562 ER PT J AU Taguas, EV Ayuso, JL Pena, A Yuan, Y Sanchez, MC Giraldez, JV Perez, R AF Taguas, E. V. Ayuso, J. L. Pena, A. Yuan, Y. Sanchez, M. C. Giraldez, J. V. Perez, R. TI Testing the relationship between instantaneous peak flow and mean daily flow in a Mediterranean Area Southeast Spain SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Maximum annual instantaneous stream flow; Maximum annual mean daily stream flow; Principal Components Analysis; Semi-arid areas; Spain ID SOIL; LIMESTONE; RUNOFF; EVENTS; RATES AB Extreme hydrologic events have great importance in Southeastern Spain regarding the personal and economic damage they imply. The commonly-used design parameter for hydraulic structures is the maximum annual instantaneous stream flow recorded in conventional gauging stations. However, the majority of available data in Southeastern Spain is mean daily stream flows. This paper explores possible linear relationships between annual instantaneous peak discharge (IPF) and the corresponding (MDF) mean daily stream flow. This relationship was previously explored by other authors such as Fuller [Fuller, W.E., 1914. Flood flows. Trans. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 77: 564-617]. Non-linear responses of IPF--MDF were observed in several study basins. The use of Principal Components Analysis (PCA) allowed characterizing the most important topographic and hydrological attributes of the basins and provided important information about variables that should be included in IPF-MDF regional equations. The key factor to justify the different IPF-MDF relationships in a relatively small area is the nature of the extreme events and their effects on semi-arid soil conditions. In addition, a regional equation to estimate IPF from MDF was developed. This equation was applied to a series of flow of nine stations of the Southeast Basin of Spain, and a significant improvement was achieved when applying this formula in comparison to the traditional method of Fuller. This study indicates possible restrictions to take into account when traditional hydrological model are applied in semi-arid areas. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Taguas, E. V.; Ayuso, J. L.; Pena, A.; Sanchez, M. C.; Perez, R.] Univ Cordoba, Dept Rural Engn, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. [Yuan, Y.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Giraldez, J. V.] Univ Cordoba, Dept Agron, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. RP Taguas, EV (reprint author), Univ Cordoba, Dept Rural Engn, Apdo 3048, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. EM ir2tarue@uco.es; ir1aymuj@uco.es; ir1peala@uco.es; YongPing.Yuan@ARS.USDA.GOV; mcsancheztrigo@juntadeandalucia.es; ag1gicej@uco.es; ir1pealr@uco.es FU CICYT Project [AGL2002-03400]; Ministry of Science and Technology (Spain); Junta de Andalucia (Spain) [CA001-001-C4-3] FX This work is being funded by the CICYT Project AGL2002-03400 ("Integracion de Procesos Erosivos e Hidrologicos en Cuencas de la Sierra de Cadiz") of the Ministry of Science and Technology (Spain). The first author was supported by a pre-doctoral grant ("CA001-001-C4-3) from the Junta de Andalucia (Spain). NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 75 IS 2 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.015 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 370AK UT WOS:000260734800001 ER PT J AU Rhoton, FE Duiker, SW AF Rhoton, Fred E. Duiker, Sjoerd W. TI Erodibility of a soil drainage sequence in the loess uplands of Mississippi SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Runoff and erosion; Fe oxides; Redness ratio; Aggregation index; Aggregate stability ID IRON-OXIDES; MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY; AGGREGATE STABILITY; ROW SIDESLOPES; LANDSCAPE; POSITION; EROSION; CATENA; CARBON; INDEX AB The susceptibility of loess soils in the lower Mississippi to runoff and erosion losses varies as a function of landscape position and mapping units. This study was conducted to determine the effects of soil drainage on physical and chemical properties that influence erodibility through their control of aggregate stability. Soil samples were collected from the A- and B-horizons of the five representative pedons in the Memphis catena whose drainage class varied from well-drained to poorly-drained. The fine earth fraction (<2 mm) of each soil was characterized for a range of basic soil physical and chemical properties. Additional sub-samples (<8 mm) were placed in a rainfall simulator pan (0.6 mx0.6 m test area) and subjected to simulated rainfall at an intensity of 64 mm h(-1). Soil erodibility was assessed by the use of an aggregation index (Al) computed from water dispersible clay (WDC) relative to total clay contents. The data show that as soil drainage classes became wetter, the percentage of sediment <53 mu m increased with a decrease in soil Al resulting from a loss of Fe, Al, and Si oxide cementing agents. These results suggest that cementing agents responsible for soil aggregate stabilization are mobilized under conditions of relatively low redox potentials which increase soil erodibility. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rhoton, Fred E.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Duiker, Sjoerd W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rhoton, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM frhoton@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 75 IS 2 BP 164 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2008.05.005 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 370AK UT WOS:000260734800005 ER PT J AU He, Q Luo, YG Chen, P AF He, Qiang Luo, Yaguang Chen, Pei TI Elucidation of the mechanism of enzymatic browning inhibition by sodium chlorite SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sodium chlorite; polyphenol oxidase; anti-browning; chlorogenic acid ID APPLE POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; EFFICACY; JUICE; OXIDATION; PRODUCTS; ACID AB Sodium chlorite (SC) is a well known anti-microbial agent and its strong inhibitory effect on enzymatic browning of fresh-cut produce has recently been identified. We investigated the effect of SC on polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and its substrate, chlorogenic acid (CA), as it relates to the mechanisms of browning inhibition by SC. Results indicate that the browning reaction of CA (1.0 mM) catalyzed by PPO (33 U/ mL) was significantly inhibited by 1.0 mM SC at pH 4.6. Two PPO isoforms were identified by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and both were inactivated by SC (3.0 mM). This suggests that SC serves as a PPO inhibitor to prevent enzymatic browning. Furthermore, the effect of SC on the stability of CA in both acidic (pH 4.5) and basic conditions (pH 8.3) was studied by UV-Vis scan and LC-MS analysis. The results showed that at the presence of SC (3.0 mM), CA (0.1 mM) degraded to quinic acid and caffeic acid as well as other intermediates. Hence, the anti-browning property of SC can be attributed to the two modes of action: the inactivation of polyphenol oxidase directly and the oxidative degradation of phenolic substrates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [He, Qiang; Luo, Yaguang] USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [He, Qiang] Sichuan Univ, Dept Food Sci & Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China. [Chen, Pei] USDA ARS, Food Composit Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Luo, YG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM heq361@163.com; Yaguang.Luo@ars.usda.gov; Pei.Chen@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 110 IS 4 BP 847 EP 851 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.070 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 317MQ UT WOS:000257024700006 PM 26047269 ER PT J AU Kane, VR Gillespie, AR McGaughey, R Lutz, JA Ceder, K Franklin, JF AF Kane, Van R. Gillespie, Alan R. McGaughey, Robert Lutz, James A. Ceder, Kevin Franklin, Jerry F. TI Interpretation and topographic compensation of conifer canopy self-shadowing SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE topographic correction; topographic normalization; topographic compensation; forest canopies; canopy complexity; canopy structure; canopy self-shadowing; rumple; spectral mixture analysis ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; STRUCTURAL COMPLEXITY; MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES; RADIATION BALANCE; MODEL; REFLECTANCE; VEGETATION; STANDS; COVER AB The self-shadowing of conifer canopies results from the size and arrangement of trees within a stand and is a first-Order term controlling radiance from forested terrain at common pixel scales of tens of meters. Although self-shadowing is a useful attribute for forest remote-sensing classification, compensation for the topographic effects of self-shadowing has proven problematic. This study used airborne canopy LiDAR measurements of 80 Pacific Northwest, USA conifer stands ranging in development stage from pre-canopy closure to old-growth in order to model canopy self-shadowing for four solar zenith angles (SZA). The shadow data were compared to physical measurements used to characterize forest stands, and were also used to test and improve terrain compensation models for remotely sensed images of forested terrain. Canopy self-shadowing on flat terrain strongly correlates with the canopy's geometric complexity as measured by the rumple index (canopy surface area/ground surface area) (R-2=0.94-0.87 depending on SZA), but is less correlated with other stand measurements: 95th percentile canopy height (R-2=0.68), mean diameter at breast height (dbh) (R-2=0.65), basal area ha(-1) (R-2=0.18), and canopy stem count ha(-1) (R-2=0.18). The results in this paper support interpretation of self-shadowing as a function of canopy complexity, which is an important ecological characteristic in its own right. Modeling of canopy self-shadowing was used to assess the accuracy of the Sun-Canopy-Sensor (SCS) topographic correction, and to develop a new empirical Adaptive Shade Compensation (ASC) topographic compensation model. ASC used measured shadow (as an estimate of canopy complexity) and the SCS term (to describe the illumination geometry) as independent variables in multiple regressions to determine the topographic correction. The ASC model provided more accurate radiance corrections with limited variation in results across the full range of canopy complexities and incidence angles. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kane, Van R.; Lutz, James A.; Ceder, Kevin; Franklin, Jerry F.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McGaughey, Robert] Univ Washington, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, US Forest Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kane, VR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM vkane@u.washington.edu RI Lutz, James/B-3785-2012 FU NASA [NNX07AN75H, NNG04HZ55C] FX NASA (Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program grant NNX07AN75H and grant NNG04HZ55C), the Watersheds Services Division of Seattle Public Utilities, and the King County government of Washington state provided funding support. The Watersheds Services Division of Seattle Public Utilities shared their permanent plot data and the raw LiDAR data set that was originally acquired by King County. Comments by James Freund, Andrew J. Larson, and Linda Winters improved earlier drafts of this article. We thank the four anonymous reviewers for their suggestions. NR 58 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 10 BP 3820 EP 3832 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.06.001 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 356SO UT WOS:000259798100008 ER PT J AU Lang, MW Townsend, PA Kasischke, ES AF Lang, Megan W. Townsend, Philip A. Kasischke, Eric S. TI Influence of incidence angle on detecting flooded forests using C-HH synthetic aperture radar data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE flooding; forest; hydrology; hydropattern; hydroperiod; incidence angle; inundation; radar; radarsat; synthetic aperture radar; SAR; swamp; wetland ID REMOTE-SENSING APPLICATIONS; SOUTH FLORIDA WETLANDS; SAR DATA; L-BAND; ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; AMAZON FLOODPLAIN; IMAGING RADAR; VEGETATION; BACKSCATTER; HYDROLOGY AB Hydrology is the single most important abiotic factor in the formation and functioning of a wetland. Many limitations still exist to accurately characterizing wetland hydrology over large spatial extents, especially in forested wetlands. Imaging radar has emerged as a viable tool for wetland flood mapping, although the limitations of radar data remain uncertain. The influence of incidence angle on the ability to detect flooding in different forest types was examined using C-HH Radarsat-1 data (23.5 degrees, 27.5 degrees, 33.5 degrees, 39.0 degrees, 43.5 degrees, and 47.0 degrees) during the leaf-off and leaf-on seasons. The ability to detect flooding under leaf-on conditions varied much more according to incidence angle while forest type (open canopy tupelo-cypress, tupelo-cypress, and bottomland hardwood) had a greater effect during the leaf-off season. When all forest types were considered together, backscatter generally decreased with increasing incidence angle under all conditions (2.45 dB between 23.5 degrees and 47.0 degrees flooded, leaf-off; 2.28 dB between 23.5 degrees and 47.0 degrees not flooded, leaf-off; 0.62 between 23.5 degrees and 43.5 degrees flooded, leaf-on; 1.73 dB between 23.5 degrees and 43.5 degrees not flooded, leaf-on; slope was not constant between incidence angles), but the distinction between flooded and non-flooded areas did not decline sharply with incidence angle. Differentiation of flooded and non-flooded forests was similar during the leaf-off and leaf-on seasons. The ability to detect inundation under forest canopies was less than expected at smaller incidence angles and greater than expected at larger incidence angles, based on the results of previous studies. Use of a wider range of incidence angles during the entire year increases the temporal resolution of imagery which may, in turn, enhance mapping of inundation beneath forest canopies. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lang, Megan W.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Townsend, Philip A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kasischke, Eric S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lang, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM Megan.Lang@ars.usda.gov RI Townsend, Philip/B-5741-2008 OI Townsend, Philip/0000-0001-7003-8774 NR 45 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 10 BP 3898 EP 3907 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.06.013 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 356SO UT WOS:000259798100014 ER PT J AU Jensen, JLR Humes, KS Vierling, LA Hudak, AT AF Jensen, Jennifer L. R. Humes, Karen S. Vierling, Lee A. Hudak, Andrew T. TI Discrete return lidar-based prediction of leaf area index in two conifer forests SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE lidar; leaf area index (LAI); SPOT; integration ID PONDEROSA PINE FOREST; SMALL-FOOTPRINT LIDAR; LASER SCANNER DATA; CANOPY STRUCTURE; LANDSAT TM; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; SATELLITE DATA; BIOPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS; VEGETATION INDEXES; MULTISPECTRAL DATA AB Leaf area index (LAI) is a key forest structural characteristic that serves as a primary control for exchanges of mass and energy within a vegetated ecosystem. Most previous attempts to estimate LAI from remotely sensed data have relied on empirical relationships between field-measured observations and various spectral vegetation indices (SVIs) derived from optical imagery or the inversion of canopy radiative transfer models. However, as biomass within an ecosystem increases, accurate LAI estimates are difficult to quantify. Here we use lidar data in conjunction with SPOT5-derived spectral vegetation indices (SVIs) to examine the extent to which integration of both lidar and spectral datasets can estimate specific LAI quantities over a broad range of conifer forest stands in the northern Rocky Mountains. Our results show that SPOT5-derived SVIs performed poorly across our study areas, explaining less than 50% of variation in observed LAI, while lidar-only models account for a significant amount of variation across the two study areas located in northern Idaho; the St. Joe Woodlands (R-2=0.86; RMSE=0.76) and the Nez Perce Reservation (R-2=0.69; RMSE=0.61). Further, we found that LAI models derived from lidar metrics were only incrementally improved with the inclusion of SPOT 5-derived SVIs; increases in R-2 ranged from 0.02-0.04, though model RMSE values decreased for most models (0-11.76% decrease). Significant lidar-only models tended to utilize a common set of predictor variables such as canopy percentile heights and percentile height differences, percent canopy cover metrics, and covariates that described lidar height distributional parameters. All integrated lidar-SPOT 5 models included textural measures of the visible wavelengths (e.g. green and red reflectance). Due to the limited amount of LAI model improvement when adding SPOT 5 metrics to lidar data, we conclude that lidar data alone can provide superior estimates of LAI for our study areas. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Jensen, Jennifer L. R.] Univ Idaho, Environm Sci Program, Dept Geog, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Vierling, Lee A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Geospatial Lab Environm Dynam, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Hudak, Andrew T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Jensen, JLR (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Environm Sci Program, Dept Geog, McClure Hall 227,POB 443021, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jjensen@uidaho.edu; khumes@uidaho.edu; leev@uidaho.edu; ahudak@fs.fed.us RI Jensen, Jennifer/A-8907-2009; Jensen, Jennifer/E-8158-2013; Vierling, Lee/E-6428-2010 OI Vierling, Lee/0000-0001-5344-1983 NR 83 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 10 BP 3947 EP 3957 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.07.001 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 356SO UT WOS:000259798100018 ER PT J AU Wolter, PT Townsend, PA Sturtevant, BR Kingdon, CC AF Wolter, Peter T. Townsend, Philip A. Sturtevant, Brian R. Kingdon, Clayton C. TI Remote sensing of the distribution and abundance of host species for spruce budworm in Northern Minnesota and Ontario SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Landsat; multi-temporal; partial least squares regression; forest structure; spruce budworm; Minnesota; Ontario ID LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; LANDSAT THEMATIC MAPPER; WATERS CANOE AREA; FOREST STRUCTURE; BOREAL FOREST; GENERALIZED INVERSES; WAVELENGTH SELECTION; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; HYPERSPECTRAL DATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Insects and disease affect large areas of forest in the U.S. and Canada. Understanding ecosystem impacts of such disturbances requires knowledge of host species distribution patterns on the landscape. In this study, we mapped the distribution and abundance of host species for the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) to facilitate landscape scale planning and modeling of outbreak dynamics. We used multitemporal, multi-seasonal Landsat data and 128 ground truth plots (and 120 additional validation plots) to map basal area (BA), for 6.4 million hectares of forest in northern Minnesota and neighboring Ontario. Partial least-squares (PLS) regression was used to determine relationships between ground data and Landsat sensor data. Subsequently, BA was mapped for all forests, as well as for two specific host tree genera (Picea and Abies). These PLS regression analyses yielded estimates for overall forest BA with an R-2 of 0.62 and RMSE of 4.67 m(2) ha(-1) (20% of measured BA), white spruce relative BA with an R-2 of 0.88 (RMSE = 12.57 m(2) ha-(1) [20% of measured]), and balsam fir relative BA with an R-2 of 0.64 (RMSE=6.08 m(2) ha-(1) [33% of measured]). We also used this method to estimate the relative BA of deciduous and coniferous species, each with R-2 values of 0.86 and RMSE values of 9.89 m(2) ha(-1) (23% of measured) and 9.78 m(2) ha-1 (16% of measured), respectively. Of note, winter imagery (with snow cover) and shortwave infrared-based indices - especially the shortwave infrared/visible ratio - strengthened the models we developed. Because ground measurements were made largely in forest stands containing spruce and fir, modeled results are not applicable to stands dominated by non-target conifers such as pines and cedar. PLS regression has proven to be an effective modeling tool for regional characterization of forest structure within spatially heterogeneous forests using multi-temporal Landsat sensor data. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wolter, Peter T.; Townsend, Philip A.; Kingdon, Clayton C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sturtevant, Brian R.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Wolter, PT (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ptwolter@wisc.edu RI Townsend, Philip/B-5741-2008 OI Townsend, Philip/0000-0001-7003-8774 FU U.S. Forest Service [01.NCS.C.2]; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES [2005-35101-16342]; [University of Wisconsin] FX This research was supported by funding from the U.S. Forest Service via the National Fire Plan (Project 01.NCS.C.2) and a grant from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) Managed Ecosystems program (2005-35101-16342), as well as fellowship support from the Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology at the University of Wisconsin. Thanks to Brian Miranda, Nathan Aspelin, and James Walter for assistance with fieldwork, to David Helmets and Peter Crump for programming support, to Rachel Spartz for data entry, and to the Natural Resources Research Institute of the University of Minnesota Duluth for transportation assistance. NR 100 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 10 BP 3971 EP 3982 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.07.005 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 356SO UT WOS:000259798100020 ER PT J AU Rustad, LE AF Rustad, Lindsey E. TI The response of terrestrial ecosystems to global climate change: Towards an integrated approach SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Ecosystem Behavior CY JUN 25-30, 2006 CL Univ Calf Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA HO Univ Calf Santa Cruz DE Global climate change; Global change experiments; TERACC; Terrestrial ecosystems ID CO2 ENRICHMENT FACE; SOIL RESPIRATION; LITTER QUALITY; ELEVATED CO2; N-DEPOSITION; GRASSLAND; CARBON; DECOMPOSITION; TEMPERATURE; GRADIENT AB Accumulating evidence points to an anthropogenic 'fingerprint' on the global climate change that has occurred in the last century. Climate change has, and will continue to have, profound effects on the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems. As such, there is a critical need to continue to develop a sound scientific basis for national and international policies regulating carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions. This paper reflects on the nature of current global change experiments, and provides recommendations for a unified multidisciplinary approach to future research in this dynamic field. These recommendations include: (1) better integration between experiments and models, and amongst experimental, monitoring, and space-for-time studies; (2) stable and increased support for long-term studies and multi-factor experiments; (3) explicit inclusion of biodiversity, disturbance, and extreme events in experiments and models; (4) consideration of timing vs intensity of global change factors in experiments and models; (5) evaluation of potential thresholds or ecosystem 'tipping points'; and (6) increased support for model-model and model-experiment comparisons. These recommendations, which reflect discussions within the TERACC international network of global change scientists, will facilitate the unraveling of the complex direct and indirect effects of global climate change on terrestrial ecosystems and their components. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Rustad, LE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM rustad@maine.edu NR 36 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 7 U2 93 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 404 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 222 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.04.050 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 369NT UT WOS:000260701900002 PM 18675444 ER PT J AU Shanley, JB Mayer, B Mitchell, MJ Bailey, SW AF Shanley, James B. Mayer, Bernhard Mitchell, Myron J. Bailey, Scott W. TI Seasonal and event variations in delta S-34 values of stream sulfate in a Vermont forested catchment: Implications for sulfur sources and cycling SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Ecosystem Behavior CY JUN 25-30, 2006 CL Univ Calf Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA HO Univ Calf Santa Cruz DE Isotopic tracers; Sulfate; S isotopes; Vermont; Sleepers River ID BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; HUBBARD-BROOK; ISOTOPE RATIOS; S-ISOTOPE; SOILS; RETENTION; MOUNTAINS; MOBILITY; DROUGHT AB Stable sulfur (S) isotope ratios can be used to identify the sources of sulfate contributing to streamwater. We collected weekly and high-flow stream samples for S isotopic analysis of sulfate through the entire water year 2003 plus the snowmelt period of 2004. The study area was the 41-ha forested W-9 catchment at Sleepers River Research Watershed, Vermont, a site known to produce sulfate from weathering of sulfide minerals in the bedrock. The delta S-34 values of streamwater sulfate followed an annual sinusoidal pattern ranging from about 6.5%. in early spring to about 10 parts per thousand in early fall. During high-flow events, 6.5%. in early spring to about 10 parts per thousand in early fall. During high-flow events, delta S-34 values typically decreased by 1 to 3 parts per thousand from the prevailing seasonal value. The isotopic evidence suggests that stream sulfate concentrations are controlled by: (1) an overall dominance of bedrock-derived sulfate (delta S-34 similar to 6-14 parts per thousand); (2) contributions of pedogenic sulfate (delta S-34 similar to 5-6 parts per thousand) during snowmelt and storms with progressively diminishing contributions during base flow recession; and (3) minor effects of dissimilatory bacterial sulfate reduction and subsequent reoxidation of sulfides. Bedrock should not be overlooked as a source of S in catchment sulfate budgets. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. [Mayer, Bernhard] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Mitchell, Myron J.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Bailey, Scott W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Campton, NH 03223 USA. RP Shanley, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 628, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. EM jshanley@usgs.gov RI Mayer, Bernhard/G-6444-2012 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 404 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 262 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.03.020 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 369NT UT WOS:000260701900006 PM 18456308 ER PT J AU Campbell, PKE Middleton, EM Corp, LA Kim, MS AF Campbell, P. K. Entcheva Middleton, E. M. Corp, L. A. Kim, M. S. TI Contribution of chlorophyll fluorescence to the apparent vegetation reflectance SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Ecosystem Behavior CY JUN 25-30, 2006 CL Univ Calf Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA HO Univ Calf Santa Cruz DE Chlorophyll fluorescence; Vegetation function/stress; Remote sensing; Apparent vegetation reflectance; High resolution spectra AB Current strategies for monitoring the physiologic status of terrestrial vegetation rely on remote sensing reflectance data, which provide estimates of vigor based primarily on chlorophyll content. Chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) measurements offer a non-destructive alternative and a more direct approach for diagnosis of vegetation stress before a significant reduction in chlorophyll content has occurred. Thus, technology based on ChlF may allow more accurate carbon sequestration estimates and earlier stress detection than is possible when using reflectance data alone. However, the observed apparent vegetation reflectance (Ra) in reality includes contributions from both the reflected and fluoresced radiation. The aim of this study is to determine the relative contributions of reflectance and ChlF fractions to Ra in the red to near-infrared region (650-800 nm) of the spectrum. The practical objectives of the study are to: 1) evaluate the relationship between ChlF and reflectance at the foliar level for corn, soybean and maple; and 2) for corn, determine if the relationship established for healthy vegetation changes under nitrogen (N) deficiency. To obtain generally applicable results, experimental measurements were conducted on unrelated crop and tree species (corn, soybean and maple) under controlled conditions and a gradient of inorganic N fertilization levels. Optical reflectance spectra and actively induced ChlF emissions were collected on the same foliar samples, in conjunction with measurements of photosynthetic function, pigment levels, and carbon (C) and N content. The spectral trends were examined for similarities. On average, 10-20% of Ra at 685 nm was actually due to ChlF. The spectral trends in steady state and maximum fluorescence varied significantly, with steady state fluorescence (especially red, 685 nm) showing higher ability for species and treatment separation. The relative contribution of ChlF to Ra varied significantly among species, with maple emitting much higher fluorescence amounts, as compared to corn and soybean. Steady state fluorescence from individual red and far-red emission bands (F685 and F740, respectively) and their ratio consistently enabled species separation. For corn, the relative ChlF fraction increased in concert with the nutrient stress levels from <2% for non-stressed foliage to > 7% for severely N deficient plants. Steady state ChlF at 685 nm provided optimal N treatment separation. This study confirms the trends in the steady state red/far-red ratio (F685s/F740s) associated with N deficiency and vegetation stress, previously established using active single narrow band excitation. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Campbell, P. K. Entcheva; Middleton, E. M.; Corp, L. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Campbell, P. K. Entcheva] UMBC, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. [Corp, L. A.; Kim, M. S.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Campbell, PKE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Biospher Sci Branch, Code 614-4,Bldg 33, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM pcampbel@pop900.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Campbell, Petya/G-4931-2013; Campbell, Petya/L-7486-2013 OI Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951; Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951 NR 19 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 404 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 433 EP 439 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.11.004 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 369NT UT WOS:000260701900024 PM 18164750 ER PT J AU Sarmento, L Aforlso, CL Estevez, C Wasilenko, J Pantin-Jackwood, M AF Sarmento, Luciana Aforlso, Claudio L. Estevez, Carlos Wasilenko, Jamie Pantin-Jackwood, Mary TI Differential host gene expression in cells infected with highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avian influenza virus; Gene expression; Immune response; Chicken embryo fibroblasts ID NF-KAPPA-B; MEDIATED ANTIVIRAL RESPONSES; AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; A VIRUS; NS1 PROTEIN; MX GENE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DISEASE VIRUS; IN-VIVO; INTERFERON AB In order to understand the molecular mechanisms by which different strains of avian influenza viruses overcome host response in birds, we used a complete chicken genome microarray to compare early gene expression levels in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) infected with two avian influenza viruses (AIV), A/CK/Hong Kong/220/97 and A/Egret/Hong Kong/757.2/02, with different replication characteristics. Gene ontology revealed that the genes with altered expression are involved in many vital functional classes including protein metabolism, translation, transcription, host defense/immune response, ubiquitination and the cell cycle. Among the immune-related genes, MEK2, MHC class 1, PDCD10 and Bcl-3 were selected for further expression analysis at 24 hpi using semi-quantitive RT-PCR. Infection of CEF with A/Egret/Hong Kong/757.2/02 resulted in a marked repression of MEK2 and MHC class I gene expression levels. Infection of CEF with A/CK/Hong Kong/220/97 induced an increase of MEK2 and a decrease in PDCD10 and Bcl-3 expression levels. The expression levels of alpha interferon (IFN-alpha), myxovirus resistance I (Mx1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were also analyzed at 24 hpi, showing higher expression levels of all of these genes after infection with A/CK/ Hong Kong/220/97 compared to A/Egret/Hong Kong/757.2/02. In addition, comparison of the NSI sequences of the viruses revealed amino acid differences that may explain in part the differences in IFN-alpha expression observed. Microarray gene expression analysis has proven to be a useful tool on providing important insights into how different AIVs affect host gene expression and how AIVs may use different strategies to evade host response and replicate in host cells. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sarmento, Luciana; Aforlso, Claudio L.; Estevez, Carlos; Wasilenko, Jamie; Pantin-Jackwood, Mary] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Pantin-Jackwood, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Mary.Pantin-Jackwood@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS CRIS project [6612-32000-039] FX The authors wish to thank Diane Smith, Tracy Smith-Faulkner, and Kristin Zaffuto for their technical assistance; Melissa Scott and Joyce Bennett at the SAA sequencing facility at SEPRL for sequencing of host genes. The authors also would like to thank Mark Jackwood and Aleksandr Lipatov for reviewing this manuscript.; This research was supported by USDA/ARS CRIS project # 6612-32000-039. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this manuscript is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 68 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 125 IS 3-4 BP 291 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.05.021 PG 12 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 363SD UT WOS:000260286100010 PM 18617273 ER PT J AU Cheeseman, JH Lillehoj, HS Lamont, SJ AF Cheeseman, Jennifer H. Lillehoj, Hyun S. Lamont, Susan J. TI Reduced nitric oxide production and iNOS mRNA expression in IFN-gamma-stimulated chicken macrophages transfected with iNOS siRNAs SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nitric Oxide; Macrophages; iNOS; siRNA; IFN-gamma; Chicken ID CYTOKINE GENE-EXPRESSION; SMALL INTERFERING RNAS; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; L-ARGININE; CELLS; DIFFERENTIATION; INFECTION; SYNTHASE; DISEASE; INHIBITION AB Utilizing RNA interference technology with siRNA in the HD11 macrophage cell line, we determined how the inhibition or knock-down of the iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) gene affected IFN-gamma-induced macrophage production of nitric oxide (NO) and mRNA expression of genes involved in this biological pathway in the chicken. Chicken macrophages produce NO when stimulated with recombinant chicken IFN-gamma, however, when transfected with iNOS siRNAs, the production of NO is significantly decreased. We observed a 14-28% reduction in NO production by IFN-gamma-stimulated HD11 cells at 48 h after initial siRNA transfection compared to non-transfected IFN-gamma-stimulated macrophages. Significant knock-down of iNOS mRNA expression (15 to 50-fold lower) was observed for each of four iNOS siRNAs, when compared to non-transfected IFN-gamma-stimulated macrophages and to those treated with a negative control siRNA. The IFN-gamma-stimulated chicken macrophages transfected with iNOS siRNAs did not show altered levels of mRNA expression for genes involved in IFN-gamma signaling and iNOS pathways (IL-1 beta, IL-6, IFN-gamma, TGF-beta 4, or SOCS-3) suggesting that the observed decrease in NO production is a direct result of siRNA mediated knock-down of iNOS, rather than IFN-gamma-induced changes in the other genes tested. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheeseman, Jennifer H.; Lamont, Susan J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lillehoj, Hyun S.] USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lamont, SJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sjlamont@iastate.edu FU Animal Health, Hatch Act, State of Iowa; Iowa State University Center for Integrated Animal Genomics Funds; National Research Initiative [2004-35205-14234]; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education; BARD [US-3408-03]; Binational Agriculture Research and Development Fund FX The authors thank Natalie Smith (Iowa State University) for her literature research and Pete Kaiser (Institute for Animal Health, Compton, UK) for information on quantitative real-time RT-PCR primers and data analysis. This study was supported by the Animal Health, Hatch Act, State of Iowa and Iowa State University Center for Integrated Animal Genomics Funds, National Research Initiative Grant no. 2004-35205-14234 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, and Research Grant US-3408-03 from BARD, the Binational Agriculture Research and Development Fund. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 125 IS 3-4 BP 375 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.05.015 PG 6 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 363SD UT WOS:000260286100019 PM 18586326 ER PT J AU Golden, NJ Marks, HH Coleman, ME Schroeder, CM Bauer, NE Schlosser, WD AF Golden, Neal J. Marks, Harry H. Coleman, Margaret E. Schroeder, Carl M. Bauer, Nathan E., Jr. Schlosser, Wayne D. TI Review of induced molting by feed removal and contamination of eggs with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Molting; Salmonella; Enteritidis; Feed removal ID WHITE LEGHORN HENS; EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED HENS; LAYING HENS; PHAGE TYPE-4; HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; UNITED-STATES; TYPHIMURIUM VACCINE; BOVINE NEUTROPHILS; HUMORAL IMMUNITY AB As laying hens age, egg production and quality decreases. Egg producers can impose an induced molt on older hens that results in increased egg productivity and decreased hen mortality compared with non-molted hens of the same age. This review discusses the effect of induced molting by feed removal on immune parameters, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) invasion and subsequent production of SE-contaminated eggs. Experimental oral infections with SE show molted hens are more susceptible to SE infection and produce more SE-contaminated eggs in the first few weeks post-molt compared with pre-molt egg production. In addition, it appears that molted hens are more likely to disseminate SE into their environment. Molted hens are more susceptible to SE infection by contact exposure to experimentally infected hens; thus, transmission of SE among molted hens could be more rapid than non-molted birds. Histological examination of the gastrointestinal tracts of molted SE-infected hens revealed more frequent and severe intestinal mucosal lesions compared with non-molted SE-infected hens. These data suggest that induced molting by feed deprivation alters the normal asymptomatic host-pathogen relationship. Published data suggest the highest proportion of SE-positive eggs is produced within 1-5 weeks post-molt and decreases sharply by 6-10 weeks and dissipates to the background level for non-molted hens by 11-20 weeks. Appropriate treatment measures of eggs produced in the fist 5 weeks post-molting may decrease the risk of foodborne infections to humans. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Golden, Neal J.; Schroeder, Carl M.; Bauer, Nathan E., Jr.; Schlosser, Wayne D.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Risk Assessment & Residue Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Marks, Harry H.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Off Policy & Program Dev, Risk Management Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Coleman, Margaret E.] Syracuse Res Corp, Syracuse, NY 13212 USA. RP Golden, NJ (reprint author), US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Risk Assessment & Residue Div, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Aerosp Bldg, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM neal.golden@fsis.usda.gov NR 97 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 131 IS 3-4 BP 215 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.03.005 PG 14 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 358SM UT WOS:000259937800001 PM 18479846 ER PT J AU Hare, WR Hoyt, PG Hohn, C Higgins, JA AF Hare, William R. Hoyt, Phillip G. Hohn, Christina Higgins, James A. TI Ribosomal RNA-based analysis of the bacterial flora from the conjunctivae of cattle with bovine keratoconjunctivitis (BKC) SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bovine keratoconjunctivitis (BKC); Pinkeye; Conjunctivae; Bacterial flora ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; MORAXELLA-BOVIS; MICROBIAL-FLORA; BRAZIL; EYES; PCR; MICROORGANISMS; DIVERSITY; COMMENSAL AB Bovine keratoconjunctivitis (BKC), colloquially referred to as 'pinkeye', is a disease affecting cattle worldwide; it costs cattle producers millions of dollars in economic loss annually. While Moraxella spp. are the primary etiologic agent of pinkeye, surveys of flora from the conjunctivae of livestock from around the world have indicated that a variety of bacterial commensals occupy this niche. We used molecular biology-based methods to determine the composition of bacterial flora in the conjunctivae of normal dairy and beef cattle from Maryland (n = 113), and beef cattle with clinical BKC from Louisiana (n = 42). Three regimens were used: 16S rRNA PCR and DGGE analysis of amplicons, 16S rRNA PCR and cloning of amplicons into Escherichia coli followed by screening and sequencing of clones harboring inserts; and culture of bacteria on chromogenic agar followed by 16S rRNA PCR and sequencing. Most taxa were comprised of saprophytes found in the environment, such as Bacillus, Pantoea, E. coli, and Exiguobacterium. Moraxella spp. were infrequently observed. Some species, such as Propionibacterium acnes, represent taxa not previously associated with the conjunctivae. Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus licheniformis isolates from the conjunctivae of Maryland cattle were genetically distinct from isolates previously implicated in septic infections in cattle at the same location. We conclude that employing 16S rRNA-based methods for bacterial identification can be useful in defining the flora present in the conjunctivae of normal cattle, and those with BKC. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hare, William R.; Higgins, James A.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20912 USA. [Hoyt, Phillip G.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Hohn, Christina] NCSU Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Higgins, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20912 USA. EM james@gryphonscientific.com NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 131 IS 3-4 BP 358 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.04.018 PG 11 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 358SM UT WOS:000259937800016 PM 18513895 ER PT J AU Xin, ZG Wang, ML Barkley, NA Burow, G Franks, C Pederson, G Burke, J AF Xin, Zhanguo Wang, Ming Li Barkley, Noelle A. Burow, Gloria Franks, Cleve Pederson, Gary Burke, John TI Applying genotyping (TILLING) and phenotyping analyses to elucidate gene function in a chemically induced sorghum mutant population SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; INDUCED POINT MUTATIONS; INDUCED LOCAL LESIONS; BICOLOR L. MOENCH; REVERSE GENETICS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; LOTUS-JAPONICUS; GRAIN-SORGHUM; DISCOVERY; GENOMICS AB Background: Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is ranked as the fifth most important grain crop and serves as a major food staple and fodder resource for much of the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. The recent surge in sorghum research is driven by its tolerance to drought/heat stresses and its strong potential as a bioenergy feedstock. Completion of the sorghum genome sequence has opened new avenues for sorghum functional genomics. However, the availability of genetic resources, specifically mutant lines, is limited. Chemical mutagenesis of sorghum germplasm, followed by screening for mutants altered in important agronomic traits, represents a rapid and effective means of addressing this limitation. Induced mutations in novel genes of interest can be efficiently assessed using the technique known as Targeting Induced Local Lesion IN Genomes (TILLING). Results: A sorghum mutant population consisting of 1,600 lines was generated from the inbred line BTx623 by treatment with the chemical agent ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). Numerous phenotypes with altered morphological and agronomic traits were observed from M-2 and M-3 lines in the field. A subset of 768 mutant lines was analyzed by TILLING using four target genes. A total of five mutations were identified resulting in a calculated mutation density of 1/526 kb. Two of the mutations identified by TILLING and verified by sequencing were detected in the gene encoding caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) in two independent mutant lines. The two mutant lines segregated for the expected brown midrib (bmr) phenotype, a trait associated with altered lignin content and increased digestibility. Conclusion: TILLING as a reverse genetic approach has been successfully applied to sorghum. The diversity of the mutant phenotypes observed in the field, and the density of induced mutations calculated from TILLING indicate that this mutant population represents a useful resource for members of the sorghum research community. Moreover, TILLING has been demonstrated to be applicable for sorghum functional genomics by evaluating a small subset of the EMS-induced mutant lines. C1 [Xin, Zhanguo; Burow, Gloria; Franks, Cleve; Burke, John] ARS, USDA, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Wang, Ming Li; Barkley, Noelle A.; Pederson, Gary] ARS, USDA, PGRCU, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Franks, Cleve] Garrison & Townsend Inc, Hereford, TX 79045 USA. RP Xin, ZG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM zhanguo.xin@ars.usda.gov; MingLi.Wang@ars.usda.gov; Elle.Barkley@ars.usda.gov; Gloria.Burow@ars.usda.gov; Cleve@gtseed.com; Gary.Pederson@ars.usda.gov; John.Burke@ars.usda.gov RI Barkley, Noelle/C-5815-2008; OI Xin, Zhanguo/0000-0003-1471-7785 NR 61 TC 85 Z9 95 U1 4 U2 19 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD OCT 14 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 103 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-8-103 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 371JT UT WOS:000260828300002 PM 18854043 ER PT J AU Gates, MW AF Gates, M. W. TI Description of Khamul, gen. n. (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae), with a hypothesis of its phylogenetic placement SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Khamul; erwini; gothmogi; lanceolatus; tolkeini; Chalcidoidea; Eurytomidae; Eurytominae; systematics AB Khamul n. gen., a distinctive eurytomid in the subfamily Eurytominae is described from the Neotropics based upon the type species, K. erwini, n. sp. A hypothesis of its phylogenetic placement within Eurytominae is presented, and four new species are described: K. erwini, K. gothmogi, K. lanceolatus, and K. tolkeini. Diagnostic features are included to distincguish this taxon from other eurytomines and a key to species presented. Its biology is unknown, but label data indicate walking stick eggs (Prisopus sp.; Phasmatodea: Prisopodidae) as a possible host. C1 [Gates, M. W.] PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, ARS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Gates, MW (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM michael.gates@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 13 PY 2008 IS 1898 BP 1 EP 33 PG 35 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 359DU UT WOS:000259967400001 ER PT J AU Hong, Y Liu, TR Lee, MD Hofacre, CL Maier, M White, DG Ayers, S Wang, LH Berghaus, R Maurer, JJ AF Hong, Yang Liu, Tongrui Lee, Margie D. Hofacre, Charles L. Maier, Marie White, David G. Ayers, Sherry Wang, Lihua Berghaus, Roy Maurer, John J. TI Rapid screening of Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis, Hadar, Heidelberg and Typhimurium using a serologically-correlative allelotyping PCR targeting the O and H antigen alleles SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GENE-CLUSTER; REFERENCE COLLECTION; MOLECULAR ANALYSES; MULTIPLEX PCR; IDENTIFICATION; RFB; POLYMORPHISM; SEQUENCE; COMPLEX AB Background: Classical Salmonella serotyping is an expensive and time consuming process that requires implementing a battery of O and H antisera to detect 2,541 different Salmonella enterica serovars. For these reasons, we developed a rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)based typing scheme to screen for the prevalent S. enterica serovars Enteritidis, Hadar, Heidelberg, and Typhimurium. Results: By analyzing the nucleotide sequences of the genes for O-antigen biosynthesis including wba operon and the central variable regions of the H1 and H2 flagellin genes in Salmonella, designated PCR primers for four multiplex PCR reactions were used to detect and differentiate Salmonella serogroups A/D1, B, C1, C2, or E1; H1 antigen types i, g, m, r or z(10); and H2 antigen complexes, 1: 1,2; 1,5; 1,6; 1,7 or II: e,n,x; e,n,z15. Through the detection of these antigen gene allele combinations, we were able to distinguish among S. enterica serovars Enteritidis, Hadar, Heidelberg, and Typhimurium. The assays were useful in identifying Salmonella with O and H antigen gene alleles representing 43 distinct serovars. While the H2 multiplex could discriminate between unrelated H2 antigens, the PCR could not discern differences within the antigen complexes, 1,2; 1,5; 1,6; 1,7 or e, n, x; e, n, z15, requiring a final confirmatory PCR test in the final serovar reporting of S. enterica. Conclusion: Multiplex PCR assays for detecting specific O and H antigen gene alleles can be a rapid and cost-effective alternative approach to classical serotyping for presumptive identification of S. enterica serovars Enteritidis, Hadar, Heidelberg, and Typhimurium. C1 [Hong, Yang; Liu, Tongrui; Lee, Margie D.; Hofacre, Charles L.; Maier, Marie; Berghaus, Roy; Maurer, John J.] Univ Georgia, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hong, Yang] Univ Georgia, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Wang, Lihua] Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lee, Margie D.; Hofacre, Charles L.; Maurer, John J.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety & Qual Enhancement, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [White, David G.; Ayers, Sherry] US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Liu, Tongrui; Maier, Marie] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Liu, Tongrui] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Maurer, JJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM yang.hong@primuslabs.com; jmaurer@uga.edu; mdlee@uga.edu; chofacre@uga.edu; jmaurer@uga.edu; david.white@fda.hhs.gov; sherry.ayers@fda.hhs.gov; yang.hong@primuslabs.com; berghaus@uga.edu; jmaurer@uga.edu FU USDA NRICGP [99-35212-8680]; USDA Formula Funds; State of Georgia's Veterinary Medicine Agricultural Research FX USDA NRICGP grant 99-35212-8680, USDA Formula Funds, and the State of Georgia's Veterinary Medicine Agricultural Research Grant supported this work. We thank Dr. Douglas Waltman for his helpful comments and advice. NR 43 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD OCT 9 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 178 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-8-178 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 370FH UT WOS:000260747600001 PM 18845003 ER PT J AU Martos, PA Lehotay, SJ Shurmer, B AF Martos, Perry A. Lehotay, Steven J. Shurmer, Bryn TI Ultratrace analysis of nine macrolides, including tulathromycin A (Draxxin), in edible animal tissues with minicolumn liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE macrolides; tulathromycin A (Draxxin); LC-MS/MS; residue analysis; animal tissues; rapid separation ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESIDUES; VETERINARY DRUGS; BOVINE; MILK; LINCOMYCIN; PLASMA; MS/MS; HONEY AB The analysis of nine macrolides is presented, including tulathromycin A (Draxxin), in beet, poultry, and pork muscle with a simple multiresidue extraction and analysis method using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The sample preparation method involves extraction with acetonitrile and defatting with hexane followed by dilution of the extracts for analysis. Separation of the nine macrolides was performed using an Atlantis dC(18), 3 mu m, 3.9 mm x 20 mm minicolumn (guard column). Detection was carried out with two multiple reaction monitoring experiments per macrolide. The method detection limits (MDLs) were based on three times standard deviation of eight repeat spikes at 3.0 ng/g of a mix of the nine macrolides in the various tissues. The MDLs and retention times for the macrolides were as follows: lincomycin, 0.19 ng/g (t(R) = 5.00 min); tulathromycin, 0.46 ng/g (t(R) = 5.63 min); spiramycin, 0.21 ng/g (t(R) = 6.06 min); pirlimycin, 0.10 ng/g (t(R) = 6.04 min); clindamycin, 0.16 ng/g (t(R) = 6.20 min); tilmicosin, 0.29 ng/g (t(R) = 6.38 min); erythromycin, 0. 19 ng/g (t(R) = 6.62 min); tylosin, 0. 10 ng/g (t(R) = 6.72 min); and josamycin, 0.09 ng/g (t(R) = 6.98 min). Precision at 25 ng/g (n = 4) ranged from 2.3 to 9.4% for the compounds from beef muscle. Of interest is the detection of incurred residues of tulathromycin A in edible calf tissue at 0.10-7 mu g/g, which is presented here for the first time. C1 [Martos, Perry A.; Shurmer, Bryn] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1H 8J7, Canada. [Lehotay, Steven J.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Martos, PA (reprint author), Univ Guelph, 95 Stone Rd W, Guelph, ON N1H 8J7, Canada. EM pmartos@lsd.uoguelph.ca NR 14 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 8 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 19 BP 8844 EP 8850 DI 10.1021/jf801747u PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 354YH UT WOS:000259675300011 PM 18778062 ER PT J AU Dragull, K Breksa, AP Cain, B AF Dragull, Klaus Breksa, Andrew P., III Cain, Brian TI Synephrine content of juice from Satsuma mandarins (Citrus unshiu Marcovitch) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Citrus; juice; synephrine; Citrus unshiu; Citrus reticulata; mandarin; tangerine; Satsuma; variability ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; ADRENERGIC AMINES; AURANTIUM; ALKALOIDS; BARLEY; FRUIT; METABOLISM; FLAVONOIDS AB Synephrine, the main protoalkaloid in Citrus species, is commonly analyzed as the active component in citrus peel-containing herbal supplements, but the edible parts of mandarins have been largely ignored. The synephrine concentration has been determined in the juices of Citrus unshiu mandarins harvested from 10 different groves located in a major growing region in California. For comparison, the physicochemical properties of the juices, including pH, conductivity, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity, were also measured. The synephrine values among 10 groves ranged from 73.3 to 158.1 mg L-1. Repeat sampling of fruit from the 10 locations showed that the intragrove variability in synephrine concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 27.7% CV and was grove dependent. Among the physicochemical properties, titratable acidity weakly correlated with synephrine, and for one sample a low maturity index was linked to high synephrine content. The overall mean synephrine concentration of 92.8 mg L-1 is up to 6-fold higher than values previously determined for orange juices and suggests that mandarin juice could constitute a significant dietary source of synephrine. Furthermore, the results suggest that grove location and maturity affect synephrine content. C1 [Dragull, Klaus; Breksa, Andrew P., III; Cain, Brian] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94701 USA. RP Breksa, AP (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94701 USA. EM andrew.breksa@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 8 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 19 BP 8874 EP 8878 DI 10.1021/jf801225n PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 354YH UT WOS:000259675300015 PM 18771270 ER PT J AU Erhan, SZ Sharma, BK Liu, ZS Adhvaryu, A AF Erhan, Sevim Z. Sharma, Brajendra K. Liu, Zengshe Adhvaryu, Atanu TI Lubricant base stock potential of chemically modified vegetable oils SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE vegetable oils; epoxidized soybean oil; chemically modified soybean oil; oxidation; pour point; tribological ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; EPOXIDIZED SOYBEAN OIL; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; ESTER; DERIVATIVES; BEHAVIOR; ACID AB The environment must be protected against pollution caused by lubricants based on petroleum oils. The pollution problem is so severe that approximately 50% of all lubricants sold worldwide end up in the environment via volatility, spills, or total loss applications. This threat to the environment can be avoided by either preventing undesirable losses, reclaiming and recycling mineral oil lubricants, or using environmentally friendly lubricants. Vegetable oils are recognized as rapidly biodegradable and are thus promising candidates as base fluids in environment friendly lubricants. Lubricants based on vegetable oils display excellent tribological properties, high viscosity indices, and flash points. To compete with mineral-oil-based lubricants, some of their inherent disadvantages, such as poor oxidation and low-temperature stability, must be corrected. One way to address these problems is chemical modification of vegetable oils at the sites of unsaturation. After a one-step chemical modification, the chemically modified soybean oil derivatives were studied for thermo-oxidative stability using pressurized differential scanning calorimetry and a thin-film micro-oxidation test, low-temperature fluid properties using pour-point measurements, and friction-wear properties using four-ball and ball-on-disk configurations. The lubricants formulated with chemically modified soybean oil derivatives exhibit superior low-temperature flow properties, improved thermo-oxidative stability, and better friction and wear properties. The chemically modified soybean oil derivatives having diester substitution at the sites of unsaturation have potential in the formulation of industrial lubricants. C1 [Erhan, Sevim Z.; Sharma, Brajendra K.; Liu, Zengshe; Adhvaryu, Atanu] ARS, Food & Ind Oil Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sharma, Brajendra K.; Adhvaryu, Atanu] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), ARS, Food & Ind Oil Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sevim.erhan@ars.usda.gov; brajendra.sharma@ara.usda.gov NR 48 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 6 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 8 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 19 BP 8919 EP 8925 DI 10.1021/jf801463d PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 354YH UT WOS:000259675300022 PM 18783238 ER PT J AU Lin, LZ Harnly, JN AF Lin, Long-Ze Harnly, James N. TI Phenolic compounds and chromatographic profiles of pear skins (Pyrus spp.) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pear skins; Pyrus spp.; varieties and cultivars; flavonoids; hydroxycinnamtes; polyphenol profile; LC-DAD-ESI/MS ID COMMUNIS L.; FLAVONOIDS; FRUITS; IDENTIFICATION; ARBUTIN; ESI/MS; APPLE; ACIDS; JUICE AB A standardized profiling method based on liquid chromatography with diode array and electrospray ionization/mass spectrometric detection (LC-DAD-ESI/MS) was used to analyze the phenolic compounds in the skins of 16 pears (Pyrus slop.). Thirty-four flavonoids and 19 hydroxycinnamates were identified. The main phenolic compounds (based on peak area) in all of the pear skins were arbutin and chlorogenic acid. The remaining phenolics varied widely in area and allowed the pears to be divided into four groups. Group 1, composed of four Asian pears (Asian, Asian brown, Korean, and Korean Shinko), contained only trace quantities of the remaining phenolics. Yali pear (group 2) contained significant amounts of dicaffeoylquinic acids. Fragrant pear (group 3) contained significant quantities of quercetin glycosides and lesser quantities of isorhamnetin glycosides and the glycosides of luteolin, apigenin, and chrysoeriol. The remaining 10 pears (group 4) (Bartlett, Beurre, Bosc, Cornice, D'Anjou, Forelle, Peckham, Red, Red D'Anjou, and Seckel) contained significant quantities of isorhamnetin glycosides and their malonates and lesser quantities of quercetin glycosides. Red D'Anjou, D'Anjou, and Seckel pears also contained cyanidin 3-O-glucoside. Thirty-two phenolic compounds are reported in pear skins for the first time. C1 [Lin, Long-Ze; Harnly, James N.] USDA ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lin, LZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, 103000 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 161,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Longze.lin@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 8 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 19 BP 9094 EP 9101 DI 10.1021/jf8013487 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 354YH UT WOS:000259675300045 PM 18778075 ER PT J AU Mizuno, CS Schrader, KK Rimando, AA AF Mizuno, Cassia S. Schrader, Kevin K. Rimando, Agnes A. TI Algicidal activity of stilbene analogues SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE algicide; stilbenes; resveratrol; pterostilbene; cyanobacteria; off-flavor ID IN-VITRO; RESVERATROL; METABOLITES; DERIVATIVES; PTEROSTILBENE; TOXICITY; ALPHA; PONDS AB Continuing our search for natural product and natural product-based compounds for the control of off-flavor in catfish, 29 stilbene analogues were synthesized and evaluated for algicidal activity against the 2-methylisoborneol (MIB)-producing cyanobacterium Oscillatoria perornata. The cis and trans isomers of 4-(3,5-dimethoxystyryl)aniline showed moderate and selective algicidal activity toward O. perornata with the lowest observed inhibitory concentration and lowest complete inhibition concentrations of 10 mu M. This is the first report on selective stilbene algicidal activity toward a MIB-producing cyanobacteria species. C1 [Mizuno, Cassia S.; Schrader, Kevin K.; Rimando, Agnes A.] Agr Res Serv, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Rimando, AA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM arimando@olemiss.edu NR 33 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 8 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 19 BP 9140 EP 9145 DI 10.1021/jf801988p PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 354YH UT WOS:000259675300051 PM 18781760 ER PT J AU Ross, KG Shoemaker, DD AF Ross, Kenneth G. Shoemaker, D. DeWayne TI Estimation of the number of founders of an invasive pest insect population: the fire ant Solenopsis invicta in the USA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE biological invasion; colonization; invasive species; founder number; population bottleneck; propagule size ID SEX-DETERMINATION; GENETIC-VARIATION; UNITED-STATES; DROSOPHILA-SUBOBSCURA; INTRODUCTION HISTORY; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; MOLECULAR MARKERS; SPECIES INVASIONS; PLANT INVASIONS AB Determination of the number of founders responsible for the establishment of invasive populations is important for developing biologically based management practices, predicting the invasive potential of species, and making inferences about ecological and evolutionary processes. The fire ant Solenopsis invicta is a major invasive pest insect first introduced into the USA from its native South American range in the mid-1930s. We use data from diverse genetic markers surveyed in the source population and the USA to estimate the number of founders of this introduced population. Data from different classes of nuclear markers (microsatellites, allozymes, sex-determination locus) and mitochondrial DNA are largely congruent in suggesting that 9-20 unrelated mated queens comprised the initial founder group to colonize the USA at Mobile, Alabama. Estimates of founder group size based on expanded samples from throughout the southern USA were marginally higher than this, consistent with the hypothesis of one or more secondary introductions of the ant into the USA. The rapid spread and massive population build-up of introduced S. invicta occurred despite the loss of substantial genetic variation associated with the relatively small invasive propagule size, a pattern especially surprising in light of the substantial genetic load imposed by the loss of variation at the sex-determination locus. C1 [Ross, Kenneth G.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Shoemaker, D. DeWayne] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Ross, KG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM kenross@uga.edu NR 62 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD OCT 7 PY 2008 VL 275 IS 1648 BP 2231 EP 2240 DI 10.1098/rspb.2008.0412 PG 10 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 337MP UT WOS:000258440500008 PM 18577505 ER PT J AU Cook, AR Gibson, GJ Gottwald, TR Gilligan, CA AF Cook, A. R. Gibson, G. J. Gottwald, T. R. Gilligan, C. A. TI Constructing the effect of alternative intervention strategies on historic epidemics SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE LA English DT Article DE Bayesian inference; citrus canker; common cold; epidemic control; intervention strategies; stochastic epidemics ID TRISTAN-DA-CUNHA; 2001 UK FOOT; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; MOUTH EPIDEMIC; STOCHASTIC EPIDEMIC; CAUSAL INFERENCE; GREAT-BRITAIN; CITRUS CANKER; COMMON-COLD; DISEASE AB Data from historical epidemics provide a vital and sometimes under-used resource from which to devise strategies for future control of disease. Previous methods for retrospective analysis of epidemics, in which alternative interventions are compared, do not make full use of the information; by using only partial information on the historical trajectory, augmentation of control may lead to predictions of a paradoxical increase in disease. Here we introduce a novel statistical approach that takes full account of the available information in constructing the effect of alternative intervention strategies in historic epidemics. The key to the method lies in identifying a suitable mapping between the historic and notional outbreaks, under alternative control strategies. We do this by using the Sellke construction as a latent process linking epidemics. We illustrate the application of the method with two examples. First, using temporal data for the common human cold, we show the improvement under the new method in the precision of predictions for different control strategies. Second, we show the generality of the method for retrospective analysis of epidemics by applying it to a spatially extended arboreal epidemic in which we demonstrate the relative effectiveness of host culling strategies that differ in frequency and spatial extent. Some of the inferential and philosophical issues that arise are discussed along with the scope of potential application of the new method. C1 [Cook, A. R.; Gilligan, C. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. [Cook, A. R.; Gibson, G. J.] Heriot Watt Univ, Dept Actuarial Math & Stat, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Cook, A. R.; Gibson, G. J.] Heriot Watt Univ, Maxwell Inst, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Gottwald, T. R.] US Horticultural Res Lab, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Cook, AR (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. EM a.r.cook@ma.hw.ac.uk RI Cook, Alex/B-5941-2011 OI Cook, Alex/0000-0002-6271-5832 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) [BB/C007263/1]; BBSRC; United States Department of Agriculture FX The authors wish to thank the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) for financing the research project (grant no. BB/C007263/1). C. A. G. gratefully acknowledges the support of a BBSRC Professorial Fellowship. Financial support from the United States Department of Agriculture is gratefully acknowledged. A. R. C. carried out some of this research while visiting the University of Tokyo and thanks Prof. Hisashi Inaba for facilitating the visit. We are grateful to two anonymous referees for their helpful comments. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1742-5689 J9 J R SOC INTERFACE JI J. R. Soc. Interface PD OCT 6 PY 2008 VL 5 IS 27 BP 1203 EP 1213 DI 10.1098/rsif.2008.0030 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 338TB UT WOS:000258530600007 PM 18302995 ER PT J AU Jung, KH Dardick, C Bartley, LE Cao, PJ Phetsom, J Canlas, P Seo, YS Shultz, M Ouyang, S Yuan, Q Frank, BC Ly, E Zheng, L Jia, Y Hsia, AP An, K Chou, HH Rocke, D Lee, GC Schnable, PS An, G Buell, CR Ronald, PC AF Jung, Ki-Hong Dardick, Christopher Bartley, Laura E. Cao, Peijian Phetsom, Jirapa Canlas, Patrick Seo, Young-Su Shultz, Michael Ouyang, Shu Yuan, Qiaoping Frank, Bryan C. Ly, Eugene Zheng, Li Jia, Yi Hsia, An-Ping An, Kyungsook Chou, Hui-Hsien Rocke, David Lee, Geun Cheol Schnable, Patrick S. An, Gynheung Buell, C. Robin Ronald, Pamela C. TI Refinement of Light-Responsive Transcript Lists Using Rice Oligonucleotide Arrays: Evaluation of Gene-Redundancy SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Studies of gene function are often hampered by gene-redundancy, especially in organisms with large genomes such as rice (Oryza sativa). We present an approach for using transcriptomics data to focus functional studies and address redundancy. To this end, we have constructed and validated an inexpensive and publicly available rice oligonucleotide near-whole genome array, called the rice NSF45K array. We generated expression profiles for light-vs. dark-grown rice leaf tissue and validated the biological significance of the data by analyzing sources of variation and confirming expression trends with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We examined trends in the data by evaluating enrichment of gene ontology terms at multiple false discovery rate thresholds. To compare data generated with the NSF45K array with published results, we developed publicly available, web-based tools (www.ricearray.org). The Oligo and EST Anatomy Viewer enables visualization of EST-based expression profiling data for all genes on the array. The Rice Multi-platform Microarray Search Tool facilitates comparison of gene expression profiles across multiple rice microarray platforms. Finally, we incorporated gene expression and biochemical pathway data to reduce the number of candidate gene products putatively participating in the eight steps of the photorespiration pathway from 52 to 10, based on expression levels of putatively functionally redundant genes. We confirmed the efficacy of this method to cope with redundancy by correctly predicting participation in photorespiration of a gene with five paralogs. Applying these methods will accelerate rice functional genomics. C1 [Jung, Ki-Hong; Bartley, Laura E.; Cao, Peijian; Phetsom, Jirapa; Canlas, Patrick; Seo, Young-Su; Shultz, Michael; Rocke, David; Ronald, Pamela C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dardick, Christopher] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stat, Kearneysville, WV USA. [Ouyang, Shu; Yuan, Qiaoping; Frank, Bryan C.; Ly, Eugene; Zheng, Li; Buell, C. Robin] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD USA. [Jia, Yi; Hsia, An-Ping; Chou, Hui-Hsien; Schnable, Patrick S.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Plant Genom, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [An, Kyungsook; An, Gynheung] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Funct Genom Ctr, Pohang, South Korea. [Lee, Geun Cheol] Konkuk Univ, Coll Business Adm, Seoul, South Korea. RP Jung, KH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pcronald@ucdavis.edu RI Jia, Yi/F-7476-2010; Rocke, David/I-7044-2013; OI Rocke, David/0000-0002-3958-7318; Bartley, Laura/0000-0001-8610-7551 FU National Science Foundation Plant Genome Program [DBI0313887]; USDA [2004-35604-14226]; NIH [5R01GM055962-0]; Biogreen 21 Program [20070401-034-001-007-03-00]; National Research Laboratory Program funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology [M10600000270-06J0000-27010]; Korea Research Foundation [KRF-2005-C00155]; Hatch Act; State of Iowa FX This research was funded in part by a competitive grants from the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Program (award: #DBI0313887), the USDA (# 2004-35604-14226) and the NIH (#5R01GM055962-0) to P.C. Ronald, a grant from the Biogreen 21 Program (20070401-034-001-007-03-00) to G. An, and a grant from the National Research Laboratory Program funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology (M10600000270-06J0000-27010) to G. An. K.H. Jung was supported by a Korea Research Foundation Grant (KRF-2005-C00155). Support was also provided by the Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds. NR 86 TC 68 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 6 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 10 AR e3337 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0003337 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 432DK UT WOS:000265113500005 PM 18836531 ER PT J AU Kinne, M Ullrich, R Hammel, KE Scheibner, K Hofrichter, M AF Kinne, Matthias Ullrich, Rene Hammel, Kenneth E. Scheibner, Katrin Hofrichter, Martin TI Regioselective preparation of (R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propionic acid with a fungal peroxygenase SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE peroxidase; peroxygenase; oxygenase; cytochrome P450; hydroxylation; 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propionic acid; ascorbic acid ID HYDROXYLATION; MICROPEROXIDASE-8; MONOOXYGENASES; ENZYMES AB The extracellular heme-thiolate peroxygenase of Agrocybe aegerita catalyzed the H2O2-dependent hydroxylation of 2-phenoxypropionic acid (POPA) to give the herbicide precursor 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propionic acid (HPOPA). The reaction proceeded regioselectively with an isomeric purity near 98%, and yielded the desired R-isomer of HPOPA with an enantiomeric excess of 60%. O-18-labeling experiments showed that the phenolic hydroxyl in HPOPA originated from H2O2, which establishes that the reaction is mechanistically a peroxygenation. Our results raise the possibility that fungal peroxygenases may be useful for a variety of organic oxidations. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kinne, Matthias; Ullrich, Rene; Hofrichter, Martin] Int Grad Sch Zittau, Unit Environm Biotechnol, D-02763 Zittau, Germany. [Hammel, Kenneth E.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Scheibner, Katrin] Univ Appl Sci Lausitz, D-01968 Senftenberg, Germany. RP Kinne, M (reprint author), Int Grad Sch Zittau, Unit Environm Biotechnol, Markt 23, D-02763 Zittau, Germany. EM Kinne@ihi-zittau.de RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847 FU Konrad Adenauer Foundation FX We thank Ulrike Schneider and Monika Brandt for technical assistance and Martin Kluge (Inge), Christiane Liers and Marzena Poraj-Kobielska (Magda) for useful discussions. Financial support by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD OCT 6 PY 2008 VL 49 IS 41 BP 5950 EP 5953 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.07.152 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 353UX UT WOS:000259595100031 ER PT J AU Root, JJ McLean, RG Slate, D MacCarthy, KA Osorio, JE AF Root, J. Jeffrey McLean, Robert G. Slate, Dennis MacCarthy, Kathleen A. Osorio, Jorge E. TI Potential effect of prior raccoonpox virus infection in raccoons on vaccinia-based rabies immunization SO BMC IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; VULPES-VULPES; RECOMBINANT VIRUS; ORAL VACCINATION; WILD CARNIVORES; IMMUNITY; ANTIBODIES; ORTHOPOXVIRUSES; PROTECTION; MAMMALS AB Background: The USDA, Wildlife Services cooperative oral rabies vaccination (ORV) program uses a live vaccinia virus-vectored (genus Orthopoxvirus) vaccine, Raboral V-RG (R) (V-RG), to vaccinate specific wildlife species against rabies virus in several regions of the U. S. Several naturally occurring orthopoxviruses have been found in North America, including one isolated from asymptomatic raccoons (Procyon lotor). The effect of naturally occurring antibodies to orthopoxviruses on successful V-RG vaccination in raccoons is the focus of this study. Results: Overall, raccoons pre-immunized (n = 10) with a recombinant raccoonpox virus vaccine (RCN-F1) responded to vaccination with V-RG with lower rabies virus neutralizing antibody (VNA) titers than those which were not pre-immunized (n = 10) and some failed to seroconvert for rabies VNA to detectable levels. Conclusion: These results suggest that the success of some ORV campaigns may be hindered where raccoonpox virus or possibly other orthopoxvirus antibodies are common in wildlife species targeted for ORV. If these areas are identified, different vaccination strategies may be warranted. C1 [Root, J. Jeffrey; McLean, Robert G.; MacCarthy, Kathleen A.] USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Slate, Dennis] USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Rabies Management Program, Concord, NH 03301 USA. [Osorio, Jorge E.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Root, JJ (reprint author), USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM jeff.root@aphis.usda.gov; robert.g.mclean@aphis.usda.gov; dennis.slate@aphis.usda.gov; kathleen.a.maccarthy@aphis.usda.gov; osorio@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture FX We are indebted to S. Johnson (National Wildlife Research Center {NWRC}), and T. Fry (NWRC) for field assistance, P. Hill (NWRC) for literature assistance, K. VanDalen (NWRC) for plaque assay assistance, S. Shriner (NWRC) for statistical consultations, to NWRC animal care staff for excellent animal care, and C. Duncan (Colorado State University) for assistance with necropsies and pathology. In addition, we thank many private and public land stewards for graciously allowing us access to lands for trapping raccoons. T. Schountz (University of Northern Colorado) provided useful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture. The use or mention of products in this article does not imply endorsement on the part of the United States Government. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2172 J9 BMC IMMUNOL JI BMC Immunol. PD OCT 3 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 57 DI 10.1186/1471-2172-9-57 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 370CM UT WOS:000260740300001 PM 18834520 ER PT J AU Robertson, GP Dale, VH Doering, OC Hamburg, SP Melillo, JM Wander, MM Parton, WJ Adler, PR Barney, JN Cruse, RM Duke, CS Fearnside, PM Follett, RF Gibbs, HK Goldemberg, J Mladenoff, DJ Ojima, D Palmer, MW Sharpley, A Wallace, L Weathers, KC Wiens, JA Wilhelm, WW AF Robertson, G. Philip Dale, Virginia H. Doering, Otto C. Hamburg, Steven P. Melillo, Jerry M. Wander, Michele M. Parton, William J. Adler, Paul R. Barney, Jacob N. Cruse, Richard M. Duke, Clifford S. Fearnside, Philip M. Follett, Ronald F. Gibbs, Holly K. Goldemberg, Jose Mladenoff, David J. Ojima, Dennis Palmer, Michael W. Sharpley, Andrew Wallace, Linda Weathers, Kathleen C. Wiens, John A. Wilhelm, Wallace W. TI Agriculture - Sustainable biofuels Redux SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CORN STOVER; LAND; BIOMASS; CARBON C1 [Robertson, G. Philip] Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Robertson, G. Philip] Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Dale, Virginia H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Doering, Otto C.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr Econ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hamburg, Steven P.] Brown Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, Providence, RI 02906 USA. [Hamburg, Steven P.] Environm Def Fund, Boston, MA 01028 USA. [Melillo, Jerry M.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Wander, Michele M.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Parton, William J.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Adler, Paul R.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Barney, Jacob N.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cruse, Richard M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Duke, Clifford S.] Ecol Soc Amer, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Fearnside, Philip M.] Natl Inst Res Amazon INPA, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Follett, Ronald F.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Gibbs, Holly K.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Sustainabil & Global Environm SAGE, Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Goldemberg, Jose] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Eletrotecn & Energia, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Mladenoff, David J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ojima, Dennis] H John Heinz Ctr Sci Econ & Environm, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Palmer, Michael W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Bot, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Sharpley, Andrew] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Wallace, Linda] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Weathers, Kathleen C.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Wiens, John A.] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Wilhelm, Wallace W.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Robertson, GP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. EM robertson@kbs.msu.edu RI Palmer, Michael/A-2519-2008; Dale, Virginia/B-6023-2009; Fearnside, Philip/D-6559-2011; Barney, Jacob/C-2412-2008; Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016; Robertson, G/H-3885-2011 OI Fearnside, Philip/0000-0003-3672-9082; Barney, Jacob/0000-0003-2949-5003; Robertson, G/0000-0001-9771-9895 NR 10 TC 206 Z9 213 U1 9 U2 99 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 3 PY 2008 VL 322 IS 5898 BP 49 EP 50 DI 10.1126/science.1161525 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 355AE UT WOS:000259680200028 PM 18832631 ER PT J AU Scott, JJ Oh, DC Yuceer, MC Klepzig, KD Clardy, J Currie, CR AF Scott, Jarrod J. Oh, Dong-Chan Yuceer, M. Cetin Klepzig, Kier D. Clardy, Jon Currie, Cameron R. TI Bacterial protection of beetle-fungus mutualism SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE C1 [Oh, Dong-Chan; Clardy, Jon] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem & Mol Pharmacol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Scott, Jarrod J.; Currie, Cameron R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Yuceer, M. Cetin] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Klepzig, Kier D.] So Res Stn, US Dept Agr Forest Serv, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Clardy, J (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem & Mol Pharmacol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM jon_clardy@hms.harvard.edu; currie@bact.wisc.edu FU U. S. Department of Agriculture; NIH; NSF FX We thank A. Adams, S. Adams, C. Booth, E. Caldera, J. Ensign, C. Hsu, Y. Kang, A. Lawrence, W. Monroe, P. Jeffreys, M. Palmisano, A. Pinto, M. Poulsen, K. Raffa, D. Stone, and E. Vallery for assistance. Support provided by the U. S. Department of Agriculture (C.R.C., K.D.K., and M.C.Y.), NIH (J.C.), and NSF (C.R.C.). We have a patent application submitted on mycangimycin. NR 7 TC 204 Z9 213 U1 6 U2 85 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 3 PY 2008 VL 322 IS 5898 BP 63 EP 63 DI 10.1126/science.1160423 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 355AE UT WOS:000259680200035 PM 18832638 ER PT J AU Xiao, JF Zhuang, QL Baldocchi, DD Law, BE Richardson, AD Chen, JQ Oren, R Starr, G Noormets, A Ma, SY Verma, SB Wharton, S Wofsy, SC Bolstad, PV Burns, SP Cook, DR Curtis, PS Drake, BG Falk, M Fischer, ML Foster, DR Gu, LH Hadley, JL Hollinger, DY Katul, GG Litvak, M Martin, TA Matamala, R McNulty, S Meyers, TP Monson, RK Munger, JW Oechel, WC U, KTP Schmid, HP Scott, RL Sun, G Suyker, AE Torn, MS AF Xiao, Jingfeng Zhuang, Qianlai Baldocchi, Dennis D. Law, Beverly E. Richardson, Andrew D. Chen, Jiquan Oren, Ram Starr, Gregory Noormets, Asko Ma, Siyan Verma, Shashi B. Wharton, Sonia Wofsy, Steven C. Bolstad, Paul V. Burns, Sean P. Cook, David R. Curtis, Peter S. Drake, Bert G. Falk, Matthias Fischer, Marc L. Foster, David R. Gu, Lianhong Hadley, Julian L. Hollinger, David Y. Katul, Gabriel G. Litvak, Marcy Martin, Timothy A. Matamala, Roser McNulty, Steve Meyers, Tilden P. Monson, Russell K. Munger, J. William Oechel, Walter C. U, Kyaw Tha Paw Schmid, Hans Peter Scott, Russell L. Sun, Ge Suyker, Andrew E. Torn, Margaret S. TI Estimation of net ecosystem carbon exchange for the conterminous United States by combining MODIS and AmeriFlux data SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Review DE Net ecosystem carbon exchange; MODIS; AmeriFlux; NEE; Regression tree; Eddy covariance ID GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; EDDY-COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; VEGETATION WATER-CONTENT; LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; LEAF-AREA INDEX; PONDEROSA PINE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; OLD-GROWTH AB Eddy covariance flux towers provide continuous measurements of net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) for a wide range of climate and biome types. However, these measurements only represent the carbon fluxes at the scale of the tower footprint. To quantify the net exchange of carbon dioxide between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere for regions or continents, flux tower measurements need to be extrapolated to these large areas. Here we used remotely sensed data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) instrument on board the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Terra satellite to scale up AmeriFlux NEE measurements to the continental scale. We first combined MODIS and AmeriFlux data for representative U.S. ecosystems to develop a predictive NEE model using a modified regression tree approach. The predictive model was trained and validated using eddy flux NEE data over the periods 2000-2004 and 2005-2006, respectively. We found that the model predicted NEE well (r = 0.73, p < 0.001). We then applied the model to the continental scale and estimated NEE for each 1 km x 1 km cell across the conterminous U.S. for each 8-day interval in 2005 using spatially explicit MODIS data. The model generally captured the expected spatial and seasonal patterns of NEE as deter-mined from measurements and the literature. Our study demonstrated that our empirical approach is effective for scaling up eddy flux NEE measurements to the continental scale and producing wall-to-wall NEE estimates across multiple biomes. Our estimates may provide an independent dataset from simulations with biogeochemical models and inverse modeling approaches for examining the spatiotemporal patterns of NEE and constraining terrestrial carbon budgets over large areas. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xiao, Jingfeng] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Baldocchi, Dennis D.; Ma, Siyan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Law, Beverly E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Oren, Ram] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Starr, Gregory] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Noormets, Asko] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Noormets, Asko] N Carolina State Univ, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Verma, Shashi B.; Suyker, Andrew E.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Wharton, Sonia; Falk, Matthias; U, Kyaw Tha Paw] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bolstad, Paul V.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Burns, Sean P.; Monson, Russell K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cook, David R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Curtis, Peter S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Drake, Bert G.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Fischer, Marc L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Atmospher Sci, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Foster, David R.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest & Dept Organism & Evolutionary Bio, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Gu, Lianhong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hadley, Julian L.] Harvard Univ, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Hollinger, David Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Litvak, Marcy] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Martin, Timothy A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Matamala, Roser] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [McNulty, Steve; Sun, Ge] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Meyers, Tilden P.] NOAA, ARL, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Munger, J. William] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Oechel, Walter C.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Schmid, Hans Peter] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Schmid, Hans Peter] Res Ctr Karlsruhe FZK IMK IFU, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Scott, Russell L.] USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Torn, Margaret S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xiao, JF (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, State Coll, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jing@psu.edu RI Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014; Burns, Sean/A-9352-2008; Zhuang, Qianlai/A-5670-2009; Noormets, Asko/A-7257-2009; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Schmid, Hans Peter/I-1224-2012; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 OI Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; Martin, Timothy/0000-0002-7872-4194; Burns, Sean/0000-0002-6258-1838; Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111; Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Schmid, Hans Peter/0000-0001-9076-4466; Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Carbon and Water Program [EAR-0630319]; U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program [DE-FG02-04ER63917]; Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, through the Midwestern Regional Center of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change [DE-FC03-90ER610100] FX The work of J. Xiao and Q. Zhuang was partly funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Carbon and Water Program (EAR-0630319). We thank the U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program (Award #DE-FG02-04ER63917) for funding Dr. B.E. Law to develop the AmeriFlux network protocols and database design for the network, and the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, through the Midwestern Regional Center of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change under Cooperative Agreements No. DE-FC03-90ER610100 for funding P.S. Curtis. We thank the principal investigators of the MODIS data products including A.R. Huete, Z. Wan, R.B. Myneni, and E.F. Vermote and other contributors as well as the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC), and the Earth Observing System (EOS) Data Gateway for making these products available. We also thank T.A. Boden at the Carbon Dioxide information Analysis Center, ORNL, S.K.S. Vannan at the ORNL DACC, M. Zhao at the University of Montana, and Z. Wan at the University of California, Santa Barbara, for helpful discussion about AmeriFlux data, MODIS ASCII subsets, MODIS Quality Assurance (QA) flags, and MODIS LST, respectively. The PRISM climate database was provided by the PRISM Group, Oregon State University (http:// www.prismclimate.org). Computing support was provided by the Rosen Center for Advanced Computing, Purdue University. NR 106 TC 107 Z9 112 U1 5 U2 87 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 148 IS 11 BP 1827 EP 1847 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.06.015 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 378DJ UT WOS:000261301100014 ER PT J AU De Geus, YN Goggi, AS Pollak, LM AF De Geus, Yara N. Goggi, A. Susana Pollak, Linda M. TI Seed quality of high protein corn lines in low input and conventional farming systems SO AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID MAIZE SEED; DESICCATION TOLERANCE; ACQUISITION; HYBRIDS; EMBRYO AB Seed quality is a major issue for crop establishment especially in low input farming systems, where varieties often grow under more stressful conditions than in conventional farming systems. Corn (Zea mays L.) seed for organic (low input) production will eventually need to be grown organically, thus research is needed to ensure excellent seed quality in organic corn seed production. The objective of this study was to compare seed quality and composition differences between a group of high protein corn genotypes grown under low input and conventional farming systems, and to compare the relative seed quality of these genotypes to two well known inbreds, B73 or Mo17. Twenty high protein breeding genotypes were planted during two growing seasons in conventional and organic nurseries near Ames, Iowa, to produce seeds for laboratory tests. The germination, saturated cold, accelerated aging, and soak test percentages of seeds produced organically were 5 to 11% lower than for seeds produced conventionally. Protein, measured by near-infrared reflectance, was unaffected by the production location, but the oil content of seeds produced organically was significantly higher (between 0.2 and 0.3% higher) than in the conventional system. Location by genotype interactions for most tests were non significant both years, indicating that genotypes selected for high seed quality in a conventional system will also have high seed quality when grown in a low input, organic system. C1 [De Geus, Yara N.; Goggi, A. Susana] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Pollak, Linda M.] USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. RP Goggi, AS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, 166 Seed Sci Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM susana@iastate.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 1774-0746 J9 AGRON SUSTAIN DEV JI Agron. Sustain. Dev. PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 541 EP 550 DI 10.1051/agro:2008023 PG 10 WC Agronomy; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Agriculture; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 367OB UT WOS:000260560200010 ER PT J AU Teasdale, JR Abdul-Baki, AA Park, YB AF Teasdale, John R. Abdul-Baki, Aref A. Park, Yong Bong TI Sweet corn production and efficiency of nitrogen use in high cover crop residue SO AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE cover crops; nitrogen use efficiency; sweet corn; Zea mays L.; hairy vetch; Vicia villosa Roth; rye; Secale cereale L. ID HAIRY VETCH; FERTILIZER NITROGEN; LEGUME; SOIL; TILLAGE; SYSTEMS; MONOCULTURES; BICULTURES; CARBON; MULCH AB In the humid, temperate mid-Atlantic area of the USA, crop production that leaves the soil uncovered can lead to undesirable soil and nutrient losses to the surrounding Chesapeake Bay watershed. To cope with this issue, winter annual cover crops could provide soil cover both during winter months and, as surface residue in no-tillage cropping systems, during summer months. Legume cover crops such as hairy vetch can produce abundant biomass and N by the time summer crops are planted in spring. Although N mineralized from a legume cover crop can contribute to meeting the N requirement of crops such as corn, it also may not be used efficiently by crops and could be lost into the local environment. This research was conducted to determine whether hairy vetch or a hairy vetch-rye mixture that was allowed to produce high levels of biomass with a high N content (200 to 250 kg/ha) could meet the N requirements of no-tillage sweet corn and to determine the efficiency of N use relative to that of fertilizer N. Our results show that marketable yield of sweet corn was approximately doubled by hairy vetch in 2 of 3 years compared to an unfertilized, no-cover crop control. However, in 2 of 3 years, hairy vetch and the vetch-rye mix reduced yield by 19 and 34%, respectively, compared to a no-cover crop control with fertilizer N. Reduced plant population that reduced the number of ears per ha accounted for the yield reduction by these cover crops compared to the fertilized no-cover crop control. Fertilizer N was 1.5 to 2 times more efficient than hairy vetch at producing sweet corn ear mass per unit of N input but combinations of fertilizer N with cover crops were less efficient than either alone. Results suggest that growing sweet corn without tillage in high biomass levels of cover crops can interfere with crop establishment, reduce the efficiency of crop production, and allow for potentially high N losses into the environment. C1 [Teasdale, John R.; Abdul-Baki, Aref A.] USDA ARS Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Park, Yong Bong] Cheju Natl Univ, Fac Hort Life Sci, Cheju, South Korea. RP Teasdale, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.teasdale@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 28 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 1774-0746 J9 AGRON SUSTAIN DEV JI Agron. Sustain. Dev. PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 559 EP 565 DI 10.1051/agro:2008029 PG 7 WC Agronomy; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Agriculture; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 367OB UT WOS:000260560200012 ER PT J AU Lukaski, HC AF Lukaski, Henry C. TI In search of a practical tool to assess regional body composition SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PENCIL-BEAM C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Lukaski, HC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2 Ave N,Stop 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM henry.lukaski@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 88 IS 4 BP 875 EP 876 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 358FX UT WOS:000259903600002 PM 18842770 ER PT J AU Sandstead, HH Prasad, AS Penland, JG Beck, FWJ Kaplan, J Egger, NG Alcock, NW Carroll, RM Ramanujam, VMS Dayal, HH Rocco, CD Plotkin, RA Zavaleta, AN AF Sandstead, Harold H. Prasad, Ananda S. Penland, James G. Beck, Frances W. J. Kaplan, Joseph Egger, Norman G. Alcock, Nancy W. Carroll, Richard M. Ramanujam, V. M. S. Dayal, Hari H. Rocco, Carmen D. Plotkin, Ruth Ann Zavaleta, Antonio N. TI Zinc deficiency in Mexican American children: influence of zinc and other micronutrients on T cells, cytokines, and antiinflammatory plasma proteins SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID IRON-DEFICIENCY; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; FOLIC-ACID; GROWTH; SUPPLEMENTATION; FERRITIN; ANEMIA; SERUM; INTERLEUKIN-2 AB Background: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey suggested some Mexican American children are at risk of zinc deficiency. Objective: We measured the effects of zinc and micronutrients or of micronutrients alone on indexes of cell-mediated immunity and antiinflammatory plasma proteins. Design: Subjects ( n = 54) aged 6-7 y were randomly assigned and treated in double-blind fashion in equal numbers with 20 mg Zn (as sulfate) and micronutrients or with micronutrients alone 5 d/wk for 10 wk. Results: Before treatment the mean +/- SD plasma zinc was 14.9 +/- 1.7 mu mol/ dL and the range was within the reference; hair zinc was 1.78 +/- 0.52 mu mol/g and 41.6% were <= 1.68 <= mu mol/g; serum ferritin was 25.7 +/- 18.6 mu g/L and 50.0% were <= 20 mu g/L. The zinc and micronutrients treatment increased the lymphocyte ratios of CD4(+) to CD8(+) and of CD4(+) CD45RA(+) to CD4(+) CD45RO(+), increased the ex vivo generation of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma( IFN-gamma), decreased the generation of interleukin-10 (IL-10), and increased plasma interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1ra) and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNF-R1). Micronutrients alone increased the ratio of CD4(+) to CD8(+) but not of CD4(+) CD45RA(+) to CD4(+) CD45RO(+), increased IFN-gamma but had no effect on IL-2 or IL-10, and increased sIL-1ra but not sTNF-R1. Efficacy of zinc and micronutrients was greater than micronutrients alone for all indexes except the ratio of CD4(+) to CD8(+), which was affected similarly. Conclusions: Before treatment, concentrations of hair zinc in 41.6% of subjects and serum ferritin in 50% were consistent with the presence of zinc deficiency. The greater efficacy of the zinc and micronutrients treatment compared with micronutrients alone supports this interpretation. C1 [Sandstead, Harold H.] Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, Div Human Nutr, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Penland, James G.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Prasad, Ananda S.; Beck, Frances W. J.] Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Detroit, MI USA. [Prasad, Ananda S.; Beck, Frances W. J.] Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Karmanos Canc Ctr, Detroit, MI USA. [Kaplan, Joseph] Childrens Hosp, Div Immunol, Dept Pediat, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Zavaleta, Antonio N.] Univ Texas Brownsville, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. RP Sandstead, HH (reprint author), Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, Div Human Nutr, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM hsandste@utmb.edu FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [58-1235-2-151, 97-35200-4577]; University of Texas Medical Branch; Gerber Foundation [97-35200-4577]; NIH [1R01 AI5069801A] FX Supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service (cooperative agreement 58-1235-2-151) with the University of Texas Medical Branch for research by JC Smith Jr (representing USDA) and HHS (representing the University of Texas Medical Branch) and by grants from the Gerber Foundation and the USDA(97-35200-4577 to HHS) and the NIH (1R01 AI5069801A to ASP) and Labcatal, France (to ASP). Treatments were generously supplied by the General Nutrition Products Company. NR 57 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 88 IS 4 BP 1067 EP 1073 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 358FX UT WOS:000259903600027 PM 18842795 ER PT J AU DeVos, L Chanson, A Liu, ZH Ciappio, ED Parnell, LD Mason, JB Tucker, KL Crott, JW AF DeVos, Lauren Chanson, Aurelie Liu, Zhenhua Ciappio, Eric D. Parnell, Laurence D. Mason, Joel B. Tucker, Katherine L. Crott, Jimmy W. TI Associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in folate uptake and metabolizing genes with blood folate, homocysteine, and DNA uracil concentrations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE GENE; GLUTAMATE-CARBOXYPEPTIDASE-II; PLASMA TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; FRAMINGHAM OFFSPRING COHORT; FOLIC-ACID DEFICIENCY; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; COLORECTAL-CANCER; COMMON MUTATION; C677T POLYMORPHISM; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES AB Background: Folate is an essential nutrient that supports nucleotide synthesis and biological methylation reactions. Diminished folate status results in chromosome breakage and is associated with several diseases, including colorectal cancer. Folate status is also inversely related to plasma homocysteine concentrations - a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Objective: We sought to gain further understanding of the genetic determinants of plasma folate and homocysteine concentrations. Because folate is required for the synthesis of thymidine from uracil, the latter accumulating and being misincorporated into DNA during folate depletion, the DNA uracil content was also measured. Design: Thirteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in folate uptake and metabolism, including folate hydrolase (FOLH1), folate polyglutamate synthase (FPGS), gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH), methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), methionine synthase (MTR), proton- coupled folate transporter (PCFT), and reduced folate carrier (RFC1), were studied in a cohort of 991 individuals. Results: The MTHFR 677TT genotype was associated with increased plasma homocysteine and decreased plasma folate. MTHFR 1298A > C and RFC1 intron 5A > Gpolymorphisms were associated with significantly altered plasma homocysteine concentrations. The FOLH1 1561C > T SNP was associated with altered plasma folate concentrations. The MTHFR 677TT genotype was associated with a approximate to 34% lower DNA uracil content (P = 0.045), whereas the G allele of the GGH - 124T > GSNP was associated with a stepwise increase in DNA uracil content (P = 0.022). Conclusion: Because the accumulation of uracil in DNA induces chromosome breaks, mutagenic lesions, we suggest that, as for MTHFR C677T, the GGH - 124 T > G SNP may modulate the risk of carcinogenesis and therefore warrants further attention. C1 [Chanson, Aurelie; Liu, Zhenhua; Parnell, Laurence D.; Mason, Joel B.; Tucker, Katherine L.; Crott, Jimmy W.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [DeVos, Lauren] Penn State Univ, Eberly Coll Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ciappio, Eric D.] Tufts Univ, Freidman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Crott, JW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jimmy.crott@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-19507-707]; NIH [P01 AG023394, K05 CA100048] FX This material is based on work supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under agreement no. 58-19507-707. Also supported by grants NIH P01 AG023394 (to KLT) and NIH K05 CA100048 (to JBM). NR 49 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 88 IS 4 BP 1149 EP 1158 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 358FX UT WOS:000259903600038 PM 18842806 ER PT J AU Suryawan, A Jeyapalan, AS Orellana, RA Wilson, FA Nguyen, HV Davis, TA AF Suryawan, Agus Jeyapalan, Asumthia S. Orellana, Renan A. Wilson, Fiona A. Nguyen, Hanh V. Davis, Teresa A. TI Leucine stimulates protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs by enhancing mTORC1 activation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE mRNA translation; eukaryotic initiation factor 4G; AMP-activated protein kinase; raptor; rictor ID INITIATION-FACTOR ACTIVATION; CHAIN AMINO-ACIDS; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; TRANSLATION INITIATION; MAMMALIAN TARGET; REGULATES TRANSLATION; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; RAPAMYCIN; INSULIN; PHOSPHORYLATION AB Skeletal muscle in the neonate grows at a rapid rate due in part to an enhanced sensitivity to the postprandial rise in amino acids, particularly leucine. To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which leucine stimulates protein synthesis in neonatal muscle, overnight-fasted 7-day-old pig-lets were treated with rapamycin [an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex (mTORC)1] for 1 h and then infused with leucine for 1 h. Fractional rates of protein synthesis and activation of signaling components that lead to mRNA translation were determined in skeletal muscle. Rapamycin completely blocked leucine-induced muscle protein synthesis. Rapamycin markedly reduced raptor-mTOR association, an indicator of mTORC1 activation. Rapamycin blocked the leucine-induced phosphorylation of mTOR, S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), and eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E-binding protein- 1 (4E-BP1) and formation of the eIF4E.eIF4G complex and increased eIF4E.4E-BP1 complex abundance. Rapamycin had no effect on the association of mTOR with rictor, a crucial component for mTORC2 activation, or G protein beta-subunit-like protein (G beta L), a component of mTORC1 and mTORC2. Neither leucine nor rapamycin affected the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), PKB, or tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) 2, signaling components that reside upstream of mTOR. Eukaryotic elongation factor (eEF) 2 phosphorylation was not affected by leucine or rapamycin, although current dogma indicates that eEF2 phosphorylation is mTOR dependent. Together, these in vivo data suggest that leucine stimulates muscle protein synthesis in neonates by enhancing mTORC1 activation and its downstream effectors. C1 [Suryawan, Agus; Jeyapalan, Asumthia S.; Orellana, Renan A.; Wilson, Fiona A.; Nguyen, Hanh V.; Davis, Teresa A.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.tmc.edu FU National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases [AR-44474]; USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement [6250510000-33] FX This work is a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine. This project has been funded in part by National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Grant AR-44474 (T. A. Davis) and by the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement no. 6250510000-33 (T. A. Davis). The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 39 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 295 IS 4 BP E868 EP E875 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.90314.2008 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 359DW UT WOS:000259967600015 PM 18682538 ER PT J AU Wilson, FA Suryawan, A Orellana, RA Nguyen, HV Jeyapalan, AS Gazzaneo, MC Davis, TA AF Wilson, Fiona A. Suryawan, Agus Orellana, Renan A. Nguyen, Hanh V. Jeyapalan, Asumthia S. Gazzaneo, Maria C. Davis, Teresa A. TI Fed levels of amino acids are required for the somatotropin-induced increase in muscle protein synthesis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE translation initiation; growth hormone; mammalian target of rapamycin; eukaryotic initiation factor 4G ID RECOMBINANT PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; NEONATAL PIGS; GROWING PIGS; TRANSLATION INITIATION; DIETARY-PROTEIN; YOUNG-PIGS; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; ACCRETION RATES; INSULIN AB Chronic somatotropin (pST) treatment in pigs increases muscle protein synthesis and circulating insulin, a known promoter of protein synthesis. Previously, we showed that the pST-mediated rise in insulin could not account for the pST-induced increase in muscle protein synthesis when amino acids were maintained at fasting levels. This study aimed to determine whether the pST-induced increase in insulin promotes skeletal muscle protein synthesis when amino acids are provided at fed levels and whether the response is associated with enhanced translation initiation factor activation. Growing pigs were treated with pST (0 or 180 mu g.kg(-1).day(-1)) for 7 days, and then pancreatic-glucoseamino acid clamps were performed. Amino acids were raised to fed levels in the presence of either fasted or fed insulin concentrations; glucose was maintained at fasting throughout. Muscle protein synthesis was increased by pST treatment and by amino acids (with or without insulin) (P < 0.001). In pST-treated pigs, fed, but not fasting, amino acid concentrations further increased muscle protein synthesis rates irrespective of insulin level (P < 0.02). Fed amino acids, with or without raised insulin concentrations, increased the phosphorylation of S6 kinase (S6K1) and eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1), decreased inactive 4EBP1.eIF4E complex association, and increased active eIF4E.eIF4G complex formation (P < 0.02). pST treatment did not alter translation initiation factor activation. We conclude that the pST-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis requires fed amino acid levels, but not fed insulin levels. However, under the current conditions, the response to amino acids is not mediated by the activation of translation initiation factors that regulate mRNA binding to the ribosomal complex. C1 [Wilson, Fiona A.; Suryawan, Agus; Orellana, Renan A.; Nguyen, Hanh V.; Jeyapalan, Asumthia S.; Gazzaneo, Maria C.; Davis, Teresa A.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2005-35206-15273] FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2005-35206-15273 from the United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 295 IS 4 BP E876 EP E883 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.90423.2008 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 359DW UT WOS:000259967600016 PM 18682537 ER PT J AU Hale, AL Reddivari, L Nzaramba, MN Bamberg, JB Miller, JC AF Hale, Anna L. Reddivari, Lavanya Nzaramba, M. Ndambe Bamberg, John B. Miller, J. Creighton, Jr. TI Interspecific variability for antioxidant activity and phenolic content among Solanum species SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE accessions; broad screen; fine screen; phytochemical; potato; HPLC analysis; DPPH ID POTATO PEEL EXTRACT; HUMAN-NUTRITION; ANTHOCYANINS; FLAVONOIDS; GERMPLASM; TUBEROSUM; FRESH; ACIDS AB Total antioxidant activity was evaluated in 40 tuber-bearing Solanum species. Accessions identified in a broad screen as having high antioxidant activity were fine screened via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine specific phenolic compounds present. The objective of the study was to identify tuber-bearing Solanum species that are higher in antioxidants than in currently available cultivated varieties and breeding lines, and to investigate the variability for this trait among accessions within species and genotypes within accessions. The identified accessions will be used as a source of germplasm to develop potato cultivars containing increased levels of antioxidant compounds. In a broad screen for total antioxidant activity, the 40 tuber-bearing species showed a wider range of variability than cultivated varieties and breeding lines. Solanum pinnatisectum and S. jamesii accessions consistently ranked among the highest in antioxidant activity and phenolic content. Based on the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, antioxidant activity in the wild species ranged from 48 to 824 mu g trolox eq/gfw. HPLC analysis revealed that the phenolic content of these species was primarily composed of chlorogenic and caffeic acids. Other phenolics identified were p-coumaric acid, rutin hydrate, vanillic acid, epicatechin, t-cinnamic acid, gallic acid, and salicylic acid. The highest phenolic content found among the accessions was five-fold higher than the highest of the cultivated genotypes. C1 [Hale, Anna L.; Reddivari, Lavanya; Nzaramba, M. Ndambe; Miller, J. Creighton, Jr.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bamberg, John B.] ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, USDA, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. RP Miller, JC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jcmillerjr@tamu.edu OI Reddivari, lavanya/0000-0003-0473-4311 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 85 IS 5 BP 332 EP 341 DI 10.1007/s12230-008-9035-1 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 352QZ UT WOS:000259513800004 ER PT J AU Haynes, KG AF Haynes, Kathleen G. TI Heritability of chip color and specific gravity in a long-day adapted Solanum phureja-S-stenotomum population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE diploid potato breeding; potato processing ID INTERNAL HEAT NECROSIS; DIPLOID POTATOES; SENSE HERITABILITY; BREEDING PROGRESS; COMPONENTS; CULTIVARS; STABILITY; SELECTION; STORAGE AB Acceptable chip color and high specific gravity are important characteristics for chipping potatoes. High specific gravity in US chipping varieties traces back to B5141-6 (Lenape). In an effort to expand the germplasm base for high specific gravity, a long-day adapted diploid hybrid Solanum phureja-S. stenotomum population with high specific gravity was developed. The purposes of this study were to evaluate this population for its chipping potential and estimate heritability for chip color and specific gravity. The population consisted of four clones from each of 72 maternal half-sib families and represents the third cycle of selection for high specific gravity in this population. Clones were grown in a randomized complete block design at Presque Isle, Maine in 2004 and 2005 along with the check variety 'Atlantic'. Five tubers from each clone per replicate were processed into chips in early December following 10 degrees C storage both years. Individual chips were rated on a 1-10 scale, with <= 7 considered an acceptable color. The average chip scores of the diploid clones and Atlantic were 7.3 and 6.8, respectively. The average specific gravities of the diploid clones and Atlantic were 1.099 and 1.091, respectively. Four diploid clones had significantly higher specific gravity and lighter chip color than Atlantic; 93 diploid clones had significantly higher specific gravity and chip color equal to Atlantic. Broad-sense heritabilities and their 95% confidence interval for chip color and specific gravity were 0.68 (0.59-0.74) and 0.78 (0.70-0.81), respectively. Narrow-sense heritabilities for chip color and specific gravity were 0.24 +/- 0.26 and 0.32 +/- 0.26, respectively. About one-third of the population possesses both high specific gravity and acceptable chip color and could prove useful in expanding the tetraploid germplasm base for processing traits. C1 ARS, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Haynes, KG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kathleen.haynes@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 85 IS 5 BP 361 EP 366 DI 10.1007/s12230-008-9036-0 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 352QZ UT WOS:000259513800007 ER PT J AU Thompson, AL Love, SL Sowokinos, JR Thornton, MK Shock, CC AF Thompson, Asunta L. Love, Stephen L. Sowokinos, Joseph R. Thornton, Michael K. Shock, Clinton C. TI Review of the sugar end disorder in potato (Solanum tuberosum, L.) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dark end; translucent end; jelly end; stress; tuber composition; sucrose; glucose; tuber solids; temperature; soil moisture; irrigation; photosynthesis; assimilates; starch; reversion; translocation; resistance; management ID RUSSET BURBANK POTATOES; TRANSLUCENT TISSUE DEFECTS; SEASON LONG RUSSET; FRESH-MARKET USE; WATER-STRESS; GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; CATALYTIC-PROPERTIES; AMYLOPLAST MEMBRANE; DEFICIT IRRIGATION; QUALITY RESPONSE AB Processing quality has become increasingly important to the potato industry. A serious defect in product quality is the physiological disorder known as sugar ends, also referred to as dark ends, jelly ends, translucent ends, and/or glassy ends. Symptoms of the most common type of sugar end include relatively low starch and high sugar content in the basal end of the tuber. Tubers with the sugar end disorder produce French fries that are dark on one end, making the fries unacceptable to consumers. Sugar end potatoes cause time and profit losses at the processing plant and may require blending of loads to meet product specifications, along with the need to change processing protocols. Sugar end can be costly to growers if the tubers have insufficient quality and the crop is rejected for processing. Conditions conducive to the development of sugar ends include high soil temperatures, transitory soil moisture deficits, and insufficient or excess nitrogen fertilization. Tubers are most sensitive to these stresses during early bulking. Historically, several theories have been proposed concerning the mechanism of sugar end development. Research shows that stressed plants produce adequate amounts of assimilate to support continued tuber growth, but accumulate large amounts of sucrose in the basal tissues of the tuber immediately following stress. Accumulated evidence suggests that heat stress and water deficit induce changes in the activities of certain key carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes shifting the tuber from a starch synthesizing function to one of starch mobilization. Genetic resistance to sugar end development is known and the identified traits are highly heritable. This review summarizes sugar end investigations to-date, and presents a list of research-based crop management recommendations that assist potato producers in minimizing the potential for sugar end development in the field. C1 [Thompson, Asunta L.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Love, Stephen L.] Univ Idaho, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Sowokinos, Joseph R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, USDA Potato Worksite, E Grand Forks, MN 56721 USA. [Thornton, Michael K.] Univ Idaho, Parma Res & Extens Ctr, Parma, ID 83660 USA. [Shock, Clinton C.] Oregon State Univ, Malheur Expt Stn, Ontario, OR 97914 USA. RP Thompson, AL (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Loftsgard Hall, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM asunta.thompson@ndsu.edu NR 95 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 85 IS 5 BP 375 EP 386 DI 10.1007/s12230-008-9034-2 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 352QZ UT WOS:000259513800009 ER PT J AU Love, JW Taylor, CM Warren, MP AF Love, Joseph W. Taylor, Christopher M. Warren, Melvin P., Jr. TI Effects of Summer Drought on Fish and Macroinvertebrate Assemblage Properties in Upland Ouachita Mountain Streams, USA SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; REDUNDANCY ANALYSIS; SPECIES RICHNESS; PREDATION; HABITAT; INTERMITTENT; AREA; INVERTEBRATES; COMMUNITIES; RESPONSES AB We sampled fishes and aquatic insects monthly (Jun.-Sept. 2002) from intermittent tributaries of the Alum Fork of the Saline River (Arkansas, U.S.A.) to quantify the response of fish and aquatic insect assemblage properties to seasonal desiccation and habitat fragmentation. We collected a total of 4219 individuals, representing 18 species of fishes and 27 families of aquatic insects. Changes in the composition of fish assemblages were significantly related to temporal variability in pool volume and location in the watershed. Smaller, upstream pools varied in volume more than downstream pools. Fish assemblages were significantly more similar through summer in downstream, larger pool habitats. Changes in the composition of aquatic insect families were related to variation in water quality conditions. Highly eutrophied sites were typically dominated by midge larvae (Chironomidae), resulting in highly similar assemblages over time. Our results support findings at larger space and time scales and call attention to the importance of rapid changes in habitat quality, size and connectivity on stream communities. C1 [Love, Joseph W.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Taylor, Christopher M.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. [Warren, Melvin P., Jr.] USDA, Forest Serv, Oxford Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Love, JW (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM jlove@umes.edu FU U.S.D.A. Forest Service; Southern Research Station; Ouachita Mountains Ecosystem Management Research Project; Department of Biological Sciences at Mississippi State University FX We gratefully thank R. Deaton, M. Ratard and A. Sanderson for their help in the field. Financial support for this work was provided by the U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Ouachita Mountains Ecosystem Management Research Project and the fDepartment of Biological Sciences at Mississippi State University. NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 160 IS 2 BP 265 EP 277 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2008)160[265:EOSDOF]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 362HT UT WOS:000260189500001 ER PT J AU Perry, RW Thill, RE AF Perry, Roger W. Thill, Ronald E. TI Diurnal Roosts of Male Evening Bats (Nycticeius humeralis) in Diversely Managed Pine-Hardwood Forests SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LONG-EARED BATS; BROWN BATS; PIPISTRELLUS-PIPISTRELLUS; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; SITE SELECTION; WINTER ROOST; FEMALE; LANDSCAPE; THERMOREGULATION; BEHAVIOR AB We examined attributes of 45 roost sites used by 17 adult male evening bats (Nycticeius humeralis) in a diverse forested landscape within the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas. Bats roosted in a diverse array of substrates, including live or dead Pinus echinata >= 15 cm diam at breast height (29% of roosts) and small (<10 cm) understory or midstory hardwoods (20% of roosts). Sixty-three percent of roosts were in snags, 29% in live trees and 8% were on or near the ground. One roost was located in tree foliage, one in leaf litter and one was underground in what appeared to be a small-mammal burrow. Logistic regression models indicated that sites surrounding roosts were more likely to have fewer stumps and more hardwoods snags >= 10 cm diam at breast height than random sites. At the forest-stand level, all roosts were in stands with a mature (>50 y old) overstory. Twenty-six roosts (58%) were in stands that had undergone partial harvest, midstory removal and burning within the last 6 y, but 13 (50%) of those roosts were in unharvested inclusions (greenbelts) retained along stream drains within these stands; thus, 71% of all roosts were in unharvested patches of forest. Male evening bats were flexible in their roost selection, using a range of tree types (both live and dead), sizes and forest habitats. Possibly because cooler sites allow more frequent use of torpor during summer, they often roosted in small understory snags and in closed-canopy forest stands where these small snags were abundant. However, they also roosted in partially harvested portions of stands where a mature overstory was retained. Our results suggest that management intended to provide optimal roosting sites for females may not be applicable to male evening bats. C1 [Perry, Roger W.] USDA, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. [Thill, Ronald E.] USDA, So Res Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), USDA, So Res Stn, POB 1270, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. EM rperry03@fs.fed.us FU Ouachita National Forest; Ouachita Mountains Ecosystem Management Research and Demonstration FX We thank D. A. Saugey, S. A. Carter, J. H. Williamson, R. A. Buford and students from Stephen F. Austin State University, University of Arkansas at Monticello and Arkansas Tech University for their field assistance and expertise. The Arkansas Game and Fish Commission provided partial funding for this study through the efforts of D. B. Sasse. Additional funding was provided by the Ouachita National Forest and the Ouachita Mountains Ecosystem Management Research and Demonstration Project through the efforts of L. D. Hedrick and J. M. Guldin, respectively. We thank N. E. Koerth, D. M. Leslie, Jr., R. M. Brigham and S. B Castleberry for comments on an earlier draft. The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement of any product or service by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 160 IS 2 BP 374 EP 385 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2008)160[374:DROMEB]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 362HT UT WOS:000260189500011 ER PT J AU Bennett, FM Loeb, SC Bunch, MS Bowerman, WW AF Bennett, Frances M. Loeb, Susan C. Bunch, Mary S. Bowerman, William W. TI Use and Selection of Bridges as Day Roosts by Rafinesque's Big-Eared Bats SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CORYNORHINUS-RAFINESQUII; TREE ROOSTS; LOUISIANA; MISSISSIPPI; OCCUPANCY; MYOTIS AB Rafinesque's big-eared bats (Corynorhinus rafinesquii) use bridges as day roosts in parts of their range, but information on bridge use across their range is lacking. From May to Aug. 2002 we surveyed 1129 bridges (12.5%) within all 46 counties of South Carolina to determine use and selection of bridges as day roosts by big-eared bats and to document their distribution across the state. During summer 2003, we visited 235 bridges in previously occupied areas of the state to evaluate short-term fidelity to bridge roosts. We found colonies and solitary big-eared bats beneath 38 bridges in 2002 and 54 bridges in 2003. Construction type and size of bridges strongly influenced use in both years; bats selected large, concrete girder bridges and avoided flat-bottomed slab bridges. The majority of occupied bridges (94.7%) were in the Upper and Lower Coastal Plains, but a few bridges (5.3%) were located in the Piedmont. Rafinesque's big-eared bats were absent beneath bridges in the Blue Ridge Mountains. We established new records of occurrence for 10 counties. In the Coastal Plains, big-eared bats exhibited a high degree of short-term fidelity to roosts in highway bridges. For bridges that were occupied at least once, mean frequency of use was 65.9%. Probability of finding bats under a bridge ranged from 0.46 to 0.73 depending on whether the bridge was occupied in the previous year. Thus, bridges should be inspected three to five times in a given year to determine whether they are being used. Regional bridge roost surveys may be a good method for determining the distribution of C. rafinesquii, particularly in the Coastal Plains, and protection of suitable bridges may be a viable conservation strategy where natural roost sites are limited. C1 [Loeb, Susan C.] USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Bennett, Frances M.; Bowerman, William W.] Clemson Univ, Inst Environm Toxicol, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Pendleton, SC 29670 USA. [Bunch, Mary S.] S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Pendleton, SC 29670 USA. RP Loeb, SC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM sloeb@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station FX Financial and logistical support for this research was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Candidate Conservation program, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources and the USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station. We thank A. Trousdale and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and M. Collingwood, C. Dachelet, D. Eggert A. Elzerman, J. Schwenter and A. Sjollema for field assistance. Thanks to W. Bridges for help with statistical analyses. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 160 IS 2 BP 386 EP 399 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2008)160[386:UASOBA]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 362HT UT WOS:000260189500012 ER PT J AU Campbell, EM Nonneman, DJ Kuehn, LA Rohrer, GA AF Campbell, E. M. Nonneman, D. J. Kuehn, L. A. Rohrer, G. A. TI Genetic variation in the mannosidase 2B2 gene and its association with ovulation rate in pigs SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE association; MAN2B2; ovulation rate; pigs; SNP ID ALPHA-D-MANNOSIDASE; SWINE; INTEGRATION; POPULATION; MAN2B2 AB Ovulation rate is an important phenotypic trait that is a critical component of litter size in pigs. Despite being moderately heritable in pigs, selection for increased ovulation rate is difficult because it is difficult to measure and is a sex-limited trait. A QTL for ovulation rate residing on the p-terminal end of pig chromosome 8 has been detected in a Meishan-cross resource population. Comparative analysis of this region yielded a positional candidate gene, mannosidase 2B2 (MAN2B2), for this QTL. The entire coding region of MAN2B2 was resequenced in the Meishan and White Composite founder animals of the resource population to identify SNPs. Eleven polymorphisms that alter the protein product of MAN2B2 were discovered and tested for statistical associations with ovulation rate in three generations of the resource population. The polymorphism located at position 1574 of the mRNA (D28521:c.1574A > G) was the most significant polymorphism tested (P = 0.00005) where the additive effect of the c.1574A allele was estimated to be -0.89 ova. This polymorphism was determined to be more significantly associated with ovulation rate than the breed-specific analysis conducted during the line-cross QTL discovery. The c.1574A > G marker was not associated with ovulation rate in an occidental population. Therefore, either MAN2B2 has a unique epistatic interaction within the Meishan-cross population or the c.1574A > G SNP is in linkage disequilibrium with the actual causative genetic variation in the Meishan-cross population. C1 [Campbell, E. M.; Nonneman, D. J.; Kuehn, L. A.; Rohrer, G. A.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Rohrer, GA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Spur 18D,POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM gary.rohrer@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 39 IS 5 BP 515 EP 519 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2008.01763.x PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 350NR UT WOS:000259360000008 PM 18680493 ER PT J AU McMaster, GS White, JW Hunt, LA Jamieson, PD Dhillon, SS Ortiz-Monasterio, JI AF McMaster, Gregory S. White, Jeffrey W. Hunt, L. A. Jamieson, P. D. Dhillon, S. S. Ortiz-Monasterio, J. I. TI Simulating the influence of vernalization, photoperiod and optimum temperature on wheat developmental rates SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE wheat; Triticum aestivum; T. durum; air temperature; thermal time; shoot apex; phenology; growth stages; anthesis; flowering ID WINTER-WHEAT; SPRING WHEAT; PHASIC DEVELOPMENT; LEAF APPEARANCE; PHENOLOGY; MODELS; RESPONSES; CEREALS; GROWTH; CULTIVARS AB Background and Aims Accurately representing development is essential for applying crop simulations to investigate the effects of climate, genotypes or crop management. Development in wheat (Triticum aestivum, T. durum) is primarily driven by temperature, but affected by vernalization and photoperiod, and is often simulated by reducing thermal-time accumulation using vernalization or photoperiod factors or limiting accumulation when a lower optimum temperature (T(optl)) is exceeded. In this study T(optl) and methods for representing effects of vernalization and photoperiod on anthesis were examined using a range of planting dates and genotypes. Methods An examination was made of T(optl) values of 15, 20, 25 and 50 degrees C, and either the most limiting or the multiplicative value of the vernalization and photoperiod development rate factors for simulating anthesis. Field data were from replicated trials at Ludhiana, Punjab, India with July through to December planting dates and seven cultivars varying in vernalization response. Key Results Simulations of anthesis were similar for T(optl) values of 20, 25 and 50 degrees C, but a T(optl) of 15 degrees C resulted in a consistent bias towards predicting anthesis late for early planting dates. Results for T(optl) above 15 degrees C may have occurred because mean temperatures rarely exceeded 20 degrees C before anthesis for many planting dates. For cultivars having a strong vernalization response, anthesis was more accurately simulated when vernalization and photoperiod factors were multiplied rather than using the most limiting of the two factors. Conclusions Setting T(optl) to a high value (30 degrees C) and multiplying the vernalization and photoperiod factors resulted in accurately simulating anthesis for a wide range of planting dates and genotypes. However, for environments where average temperatures exceed 20 degrees C for much of the pre-anthesis period, a lower Toptl (23 degrees C) might be appropriate. These results highlight the value of testing a model over a wide range of environments. C1 [McMaster, Gregory S.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [White, Jeffrey W.] USDA ARS, Plant Physiol & Genet Res Unit, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. [Hunt, L. A.] Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Guelph, ON N1G 1K1, Canada. [Jamieson, P. D.] New Zealand Inst Crop & Food Res Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Dhillon, S. S.] Punjab Agr Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India. [Ortiz-Monasterio, J. I.] CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. RP McMaster, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Greg.McMaster@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 102 IS 4 BP 561 EP 569 DI 10.1093/aob/mcn115 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 350BB UT WOS:000259326300008 PM 18628262 ER PT J AU Wong, SYY Grant, IR Friedman, M Elliott, CT Situ, C AF Wong, Stella Y. Y. Grant, Irene R. Friedman, Mendel Elliott, Christopher T. Situ, Chen TI Antibacterial activities of naturally occurring compounds against Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; LEVEL RISK-FACTORS; IN-VITRO ACTIVITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; JOHNES-DISEASE; CROHNS-DISEASE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; BACILLUS-CEREUS; COWS MILK AB The antibacterial activities of 18 naturally occurring compounds (including essential oils and some of their isolated constituents, apple and green tea polyphenols, and other plant extracts) against three strains of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (a bovine isolate [NCTC 8578], a raw-milk isolate [806R], and a human isolate [ATCC 43015]) were evaluated using a macrobroth susceptibility testing method. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was grown in 4 ml Middlebrook 7H9 broth containing 10% oleic acid-albumin-dextrose-catalase, 0.05% Tween 80 (or 0.2% glycerol), and 2 mu g/ml mycobactin J supplemented with five concentrations of each test compound. The changes in the optical densities of the cultures at 600 nm as a measure of CFU were recorded at intervals over an incubation period of 42 days at 37 C. Six of the compounds were found to inhibit the growth of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. The most effective compound was trans-cinnamaldehyde, with a MIC of 25.9 mu g/ml, followed by cinnamon oil (26.2 mu g/ml), oregano oil (68.2 mu g/ml), carvacrol (72.2 mu g/ml), 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (74 mu g/ml), and 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (90.4 mu g/ml). With the exception of carvacrol, a phenolic compound, three of the four most active compounds are aldehydes, suggesting that the structure of the phenolic group or the aldehyde group may be important to the antibacterial activity. No difference in compound activity was observed between the three M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains studied. Possible mechanisms of the antimicrobial effects are discussed. C1 [Wong, Stella Y. Y.; Grant, Irene R.; Elliott, Christopher T.; Situ, Chen] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Agri Food & Land Use, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. [Friedman, Mendel] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wong, SYY (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Agri Food & Land Use, David Keir Bldg,Stranmillis Rd, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. EM ywong04@qub.ac.uk OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 57 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 74 IS 19 BP 5986 EP 5990 DI 10.1128/AEM.00981-08 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 352WS UT WOS:000259528700016 PM 18676709 ER PT J AU Brichta-Harhay, DM Guerini, MN Arthur, TM Bosilevac, JM Kalchayanand, N Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M. Guerini, Michael N. Arthur, Terrance M. Bosilevac, Joseph M. Kalchayanand, Norasak Shackelford, Steven D. Wheeler, Tommy L. Koohmaraie, Mohammad TI Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157 : H7 contamination on hides and carcasses of cull cattle presented for slaughter in the United States: an evaluation of prevalence and bacterial loads by Immunomagnetic separation and direct plating methods SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEEF PROCESSING PLANTS; BOVINE FECES; COMMERCIAL ABATTOIR; FECAL SAMPLES; ENUMERATION; SPP.; TRANSPORTATION; SENSITIVITY; ENRICHMENT; DIVERSITY AB The hide and carcass hygiene of cull cattle at slaughter in four geographically distant regions of the United States was examined from July 2005 to April 2006 by measuring the aerobic plate counts (APC) and the prevalences and loads of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157: H7. The geometric mean log(10) APC CFU/100 cm(2) levels on hides and preevisceration and postintervention carcasses ranged from 6.17 to 8.19, 4.24 to 6.47, and 1.46 to 1.96, respectively, and were highest in the summer (P < 0.0001). The average prevalences of Salmonella on hides and preevisceration and postintervention carcasses were 89.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 85.1 to 94.0), 50.2% (95% CI, 40.9 to 59.5), and 0.8% (95% CI, 0.18 to 1.42), respectively. The prevalences of E. coli O157: H7 were 46.9% (95% CI, 37.3 to 56.6) and 16.7% (95% CI, 9.8 to 23.6) on hides and preevisceration carcasses, respectively. Examination of the concomitant incidence of Salmonella and E. coli O157: H7 showed that, on average, 33.3% (95% CI, 15.9 to 69.8) of cattle hide and 4.1% (95% CI, 0.98 to 17.3) of preevisceration carcass samples were contaminated with both pathogens. The pathogen prevalence on hides and carcasses was not significantly affected by the season; however, significant differences were observed between plants with respect to the incoming pathogen load and the ability to mitigate hide-to-carcass transfer. In spite of these differences, postintervention carcass contamination was significantly reduced (P < 0.001), likely as a result of the use of one or more of the processing interventions employed at each of the four processing plants examined. C1 [Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M.; Guerini, Michael N.; Arthur, Terrance M.; Bosilevac, Joseph M.; Kalchayanand, Norasak; Shackelford, Steven D.; Wheeler, Tommy L.; Koohmaraie, Mohammad] ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Brichta-Harhay, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Dayna.Harhay@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 FU Beef Checkoff FX This project was funded in part by the Beef Checkoff. We thank the plant personnel for their kind assistance and cooperation. We also thank Julie Dyer, Frank Reno, Bruce Jasch, Greg Smith, Kim Kucera, Jade Franklin, Troy Worth, and Jessica Ott for their technical support and Debbie Kummer for administrative assistance. The mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 39 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 74 IS 20 BP 6289 EP 6297 DI 10.1128/AEM.00700-08 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 359KJ UT WOS:000259985300015 PM 18723661 ER PT J AU Solano-Aguilar, G Dawson, H Restrepo, M Andrews, K Vinyard, B Urban, JF AF Solano-Aguilar, Gloria Dawson, Harry Restrepo, Marta Andrews, Kate Vinyard, Bryan Urban, Joseph F., Jr. TI Detection of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis (Bb12) in the intestine after feeding of sows and their piglets SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; REAL-TIME PCR; HSP60 GENE-SEQUENCES; BREVE UCC 2003; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; COLONIC HOMEOSTASIS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PROBIOTICS AB A real-time PCR method has been developed to distinguish Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies in the gastrointestinal tracts of pigs. Identification of a highly conserved single-copy tuf gene encoding the elongation factor Tu involved in bacterial protein biosynthesis was used as a marker to differentiate homologous Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (strain Bb12) from Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis, as well as Bifidobacterium suis, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, several species of Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus faecium. Real-time PCR detection of serially diluted DNA extracted from a pure culture of Bb12 was linear for bacterial numbers ranging from 10 to 10,000 tuf gene copies per PCR (r(2) = 0.99). Relative differences in Bb12 bacterial numbers in pigs fed daily with Bb12 were determined after detection of Bb12 tuf gene copies in DNA extracted from the intestinal contents. Piglets treated with Bb12 immediately after birth maintained a high level of Bb12 in their large intestines with continuous daily administration of Bb12. Piglets born to Bb12-treated sows during the last third of their gestation and also treated with Bb12 at birth (T/T group) had a higher number of Bb12 organisms per gram of intestinal contents compared to placebo-treated piglets born to placebo-treated sows (C/C group), Bb12-treated sows (T/C group), or piglets born to placebo sows but treated with Bb12 immediately after birth (C/T group). In addition, there was a significant increase in gene expression for Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in piglets from the T/T group, with no change in TLR2 and TLR4. These findings suggest that the tuf gene represents a specific and functional marker for detecting Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis strain Bb12 within the microbiota of the intestine. C1 [Solano-Aguilar, Gloria; Dawson, Harry; Restrepo, Marta; Urban, Joseph F., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Andrews, Kate] So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Vinyard, Bryan] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Solano-Aguilar, G (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC East,Bldg 307C,Rm 225, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Gloria.SolanoAguilar@ars.usda.gov RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013; OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU USDA CRIS [123552000-054] FX This work was supported by funds from USDA CRIS no. 123552000-054 and a trust agreement with Nestle. Probiotic bacteria were kindly provided by Chr. Hansen (United States and Denmark). NR 54 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 74 IS 20 BP 6338 EP 6347 DI 10.1128/AEM.00309-08 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 359KJ UT WOS:000259985300022 PM 18689506 ER PT J AU Dean-Nystrom, EA Stoffregen, WC Bosworth, BT Moon, HW Pohlenz, JF AF Dean-Nystrom, Evelyn A. Stoffregen, William C. Bosworth, Brad T. Moon, Harley W. Pohlenz, Joachim F. TI Early attachment sites for Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in experimentally inoculated weaned calves SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EFFACING LESIONS; RECTOANAL JUNCTION; REQUIRES INTIMIN; TERMINAL RECTUM; NEONATAL CALVES; COLONIZATION; CATTLE; DEXAMETHASONE; CELLS; PATHOGENESIS AB Weaned 3- to 4-month-old calves were fasted for 48 h, inoculated with 10(10) CFU of Shiga toxin-positive Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 strain 86-24 (STEC O157) or STEC O91:H21 strain B2F1 (STEC O91), Shiga toxin-negative E. coli O157: H7 strain 87-23 (Stx(-) O157), or a nonpathogenic control E. coli strain, necropsied 4 days postinoculation, and examined bacteriologically and histologically. Some calves were treated with dexamethasone (DEX) for 5 days (3 days before, on the day of, and 1 day after inoculation). STEC O157 bacteria were recovered from feces, intestines, or gall bladders of 74% (40/55) of calves 4 days after they were inoculated with STEC O157. Colon and cecum were sites from which inoculum-type bacteria were most often recovered. Histologic lesions of attaching-and-effacing (A/E) O157(+) bacteria were observed in 69% (38/55) of the STEC O157-inoculated calves. Rectum, ileocecal valve, and distal colon were sites most likely to contain A/E O157(+) bacteria. Fecal and intestinal levels of STEC O157 bacteria were significantly higher and A/E O157(+) bacteria were more common in DEX-treated calves than in nontreated calves inoculated with STEC O157. Fecal STEC O157 levels were significantly higher than Stx(-) O157, STEC O91, or control E. coli; only STEC O157 cells were recovered from tissues. Identifying the rectum, ileocecal valve, and distal colon as early STEC O157 colonization sites and finding that DEX treatment enhances the susceptibility of weaned calves to STEC O157 colonization will facilitate the identification and evaluation of interventions aimed at reducing STEC O157 infection in cattle. C1 [Dean-Nystrom, Evelyn A.; Stoffregen, William C.; Bosworth, Brad T.; Pohlenz, Joachim F.] ARS, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Moon, Harley W.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Vet Med Res Inst, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Dean-Nystrom, EA (reprint author), ARS, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM evelyn.nystrom@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 74 IS 20 BP 6378 EP 6384 DI 10.1128/AEM.00636-08 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 359KJ UT WOS:000259985300026 PM 18723644 ER PT J AU Snyder, SA Whitmore, JH Schneider, IE Becker, DR AF Snyder, Stephanie A. Whitmore, Jay H. Schneider, Ingrid E. Becker, Dennis R. TI Ecological criteria, participant preferences and location models: A GIS approach toward ATV trail planning SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE GIS; Motorized recreation; Least-cost path; Dijkstra algorithm; Trail design ID SCALE CONSERVATION AB This paper presents a geographic information system (GIS)-based method for recreational trail location for all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) which considers environmental factors, as well as rider preferences for trail attributes. The method utilizes the Least-Cost Path algorithm within a GIS framework to optimize trail location. The trail location algorithm considered trail impacts and benefits associated with water bodies, slope, land ownership, noise, trail separation, views, and rider preferences for vegetation types and loop trails. Alternative trails were generated to highlight the influence of different preferences for trail attributes and to demonstrate the capabilities of the Least-Cost Path algorithm as applied to trail location. The method shows promise for use in generating ATV trails, as well as other types of recreational trails, for consideration in recreational planning and analysis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Snyder, Stephanie A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Whitmore, Jay H.; Schneider, Ingrid E.; Becker, Dennis R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Snyder, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM stephaniesnyder@fs.fed.us; Whitm075@umn.edu; ingridss@umn.edu; drbecker@umn.edu RI Becker, Dennis/E-6249-2017 NR 36 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 248 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2008.07.001 PG 11 WC Geography SC Geography GA 373XD UT WOS:000261005900002 ER PT J AU Caesar-TonThat, TC Busscher, WJ Novak, JM Gaskin, JF Kim, Y AF Caesar-TonThat, T. C. Busscher, W. J. Novak, J. M. Gaskin, J. F. Kim, Y. TI Effects of polyacrylamide and organic matter on microbes associated to soil aggregation of Norfolk loamy sand SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polyacrylamide (PAM); soil aggregation; bacteria; basidiomycete fungi; FAME; ELISA; sedimentation assay ID METHYL-ESTER FAME; BASIDIOMYCETE FUNGUS; BACTERIA; MICROORGANISMS; INFILTRATION; CULTIVATION; DIVERSITY; TILLAGE; NITROGEN; STRENGTH AB Polyacrylamide (PAM) has been reported to increase aggregation and improve soil physical properties in loamy sand soils, but nothing is known about the effects of PAM on microbes involved in aggregate formation. We studied the effects of PAM (0, 30 and 120 mg kg(-1)) and organic matter (wheat [Triticum aestivum] and pecan [Carya illinoinensis]) incubated in a Norfolk soil (a blend of 90% E horizon and 10% Ap horizon) for 96 days at 10% water content on microorganisms that have the ability to aggregate soil. We used an in vitro soil sedimentation assay to test the aggregative ability of the predominant, heterotrophic bacteria from the culturable portion of microaggregates (0.25-0.05 mm), fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiling to identify the isolates, and DNA sequencing to find their position in a phylogeny with known taxa. Among all the identified bacterial species, 19 were soil aggregators. There was a PAM effect across all residue types indicating that the highest proportion of soil aggregating isolates was at 120 mg kg-1 PAM. This suggests that soil conditions created by the addition of 120 mg kg(-1) PAM favored the growth of bacteria functioning as soil aggregators. There was evidence of interaction between PAM and residue type. Differences were found in the PAM effect but only when no residue was added. The amount of soil aggregating basidiomycete fungi from the different aggregate size fractions was also determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There was a higher amount of soil aggregating basidiomycete fungi in macroaggregates (2.00-1.00 and 1.00-0.50 mm classes) generated from PAM and/or wheat residue amended soil compared to the control soil, but no difference was found in treatments with pecan residue added. This suggests that PAM and PAM with wheat can be utilized as a source of nutrient for the basidiomycetes, but pecan appeared to inhibit their growth. This study is the first to provide evidence that adding PAM to soil favored the growth and survival of specific fungi and bacterial species functioning as soil aggregators in vitro. Published by Elsevier B.V C1 [Caesar-TonThat, T. C.; Gaskin, J. F.; Kim, Y.] ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Busscher, W. J.; Novak, J. M.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Caesar-TonThat, TC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM caesart@sidney.ars.usda.gov FU National Research Initiative Competitive [2003-35107-13568]; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2003-35107-13568 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. NR 52 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 40 IS 2 BP 240 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2008.04.008 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 357EY UT WOS:000259830300005 ER PT J AU Zasada, IA Tenuta, M AF Zasada, Inga A. Tenuta, Mario TI Alteration of the soil environment to maximize Meloidogyne incognita suppression by an alkaline-stabilized biosolid amendment SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biosolids; soil properties; plant-parasitic nematode; pH; ammonia ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; N-VIRO SOIL; AMMONIA-RELEASING COMPOUNDS; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; NEMATOCIDAL ACTIVITY; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; UREA; VOLATILIZATION; MICROSCLEROTIA; NITRIFICATION AB The ability to identify and manipulate environmental factors conducive for nematode suppression by organic amendments is essential. The impact that soil temperature and moisture, an additional source of nitrogen, and simulated tarping had on the ability of an alkaline-stabilized biosolid amendment (N-Viro Soil; NVS) to suppress Meloidogyne incognita was evaluated. A M. incognita-infested loamy sand was amended with 2% (dry w w(-1)) NVS plus urea (0.25 g L-1 dry soil) and incubated for 5 days at different temperatures (21, 26 and 31 degrees C), moistures (25, 50 and 75% of water holding capacity (WHC)) in an open or closed incubation environment. Soils were also amended with NVS or urea (additional nitrogen source), alone or in combination. Soil solution pH and ammonia (NH3) concentration (mM) were measured at 0, 3 and 5 days after amendment, and M. incognita reproduction on cucumber (eggs L-1 dry soil) was assessed. In all experiments soil solution pH increased rapidly after NVS amendment to approximately 10.5 under all factors; by the end of the experiments soil solution pH had decreased to 8.5-9.0 in NVS-amended soil. NVS plus urea amended to soil resulted in greater M. incognita suppression than either alone, or compared to an unamended control. This suppression was related to maximum and cumulative NH3 measured in soil over a 5-day period. Nematode suppression was not related to soil solution pH. For the tested factors (temperature, moisture, open vs. closed), M. incognita suppression was always greater in NVS plus urea-amended soil compared to the unamended controls, regardless of the tested factor. Differences within the factors were observed for NH3 dynamics in soil solution over time. High temperature (31 degrees C), low percentage of WHC (25%), and closed incubation resulted in at least twice as much NH3 being accumulated in soil, to levels above 100 mM NH3. Temperature appeared to have increased urea hydrolysis and combined with the high pH resulting from NVS amendment liberated NH3 + NH4+ from added urea accumulated as NH3 in soil. Reduced rates of NVS could be applied if combined with a labile source of nitrogen (urea) to promote the rapid production of NH3 under alkaline conditions. The ability of NVS to suppress M. incognita could also be improved by manipulation of the soil environment through irrigation and/or tarping. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zasada, Inga A.] ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Tenuta, Mario] Univ Manitoba, Dept Soil Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RP Zasada, IA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM inga.zasada@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 40 IS 2 BP 309 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2008.05.006 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 357EY UT WOS:000259830300012 ER PT J AU Steenwerth, K Belina, KM AF Steenwerth, Kerri Belina, K. M. TI Cover crops enhance soil organic matter, carbon dynamics and microbiological function in a vineyard agroecosystem SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; cultivation; disturbance; aboveground net primary; productivity; perennial agriculture; grapevine; greenhouse gas ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; ON-FARM ASSESSMENT; EXTRACTION METHOD; LAND-USE; FUMIGATION-EXTRACTION; GRASSLAND SOILS; TILLAGE SYSTEM; WEED-CONTROL; CO2 EFFLUX; BIOMASS-C AB Impacts of soil tillage and cover crops on soil carbon (C) dynamics and microbiological function were investigated in a vineyard grown in California's mediterranean climate. We (1) compared soil organic matter (SOM), C dynamics and microbiological activity of two cover crops [Trios 102 (Triticale x Triosecale) ('Trios'), Merced Rye (Secale cereale) ('Rye')] with cultivation ('Cultivation') and (2) evaluated seasonal effects of soil temperature, water content, and precipitation on soil C dynamics (0-15 cm depth). From treatments established in November 2001, soils were sampled every 2-3 weeks from November 2005 to November 2006. Gravimetric water content (GWC) reflected winter and spring rainfall. Soil temperature did not differ among treatments, reflecting typical seasonal patterns. Few differences in C dynamics between cover crops existed, but microbial biomass C (MBC), dissolved organic C (DOC), and carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux in 'Trios' and 'Rye' were consistently 1.5-4-fold greater than 'Cultivation'. Cover crops were more effective at adding soil C than 'Cultivation'. Seasonal patterns in DOC, and CO2 efflux reflected changes in soil water content, but MBC displayed no temporal response. Decreases in DOC and potential microbial respiration (RESPmic) (i.e., microbially available C) also corresponded to or were preceded by increases in CO2 efflux, suggesting that DOC provided C for microbial respiration. Despite similar MBC, DOC, RESPmic, annual CO2 efflux and aboveground C content between the two cover crops; greater aboveground net primary productivity and SOM in 'Trios' indicated that 'Trios' provided more soil C than 'Rye'. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Steenwerth, Kerri; Belina, K. M.] ARS, USDA, CPGRU, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Steenwerth, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CPGRU, 1023 Wickson Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ksteenwerth@ucdavis.edu; ksteeenwerth@gmail.com NR 48 TC 70 Z9 76 U1 9 U2 93 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 40 IS 2 BP 359 EP 369 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2008.06.006 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 357EY UT WOS:000259830300017 ER PT J AU Steenwerth, K Belina, KM AF Steenwerth, Kerri Belina, K. M. TI Cover crops and cultivation: Impacts on soil N dynamics and microbiological function in a Mediterranean vineyard agroecosystem SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microbial biomass; nitrification; denitrification; land use; disturbance; greenhouse gas; nitrous oxide; microbial activity; trace gas efflux; tillage; N mineralization; soil organic matter ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS-C; EXTRACTION METHOD; CROPPING SYSTEMS; FUMIGATION-EXTRACTION; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; GRASSLAND SOILS; ORGANIC-MATTER; DRY SOIL; NITROGEN; DENITRIFICATION AB Impacts of cover crops, tillage and abiotic factors on soil nitrogen (N) dynamics, greenhouse gas emissions, and microbiological functions were investigated in a vineyard in California's Mediterranean climate. Treatments had been established in fall 2001 and were composed of two cover crops [Trios 102 (Triticale x Triosecale), ('Trios'), Merced Rye (Secale cereale), ('Rye')] and cultivation ('Cultivation'). Soils were sampled every 2-3 weeks from November 2005 to November 2006. Effects of season and treatment on potential nitrification and denitrification also were determined. Gravimetric water content (GWC) reflected winter and spring rainfall, and soil temperature generally did not differ among treatments. Microbial biomass N (MBN) typically was 2-3-fold greater in'Rye' and 'Trios' than 'Cultivation' in winter and spring, but these differences among treatments disappeared in summer. Soil nitrate (NO3--N) was consistently greater in cultivated soils, with little temporal change in any treatment. In contrast, soil ammonium (NH4+-N) in cover crop treatments was 2-3-fold greater than 'Cultivation' in winter and spring, increasing in all treatments in summer after cover crops had been mowed and 'Cultivation' had been tilled. Significant multiple linear regressions of MBN on GWC, soil temperature, NH4+-N and NO3--N for all treatments indicated that GWC significantly explained changes in MBN. Soil temperature also was significant for 'Trios' only, but its standard coefficient value was low, indicating its lesser importance in determining MBN. Despite a significant multiple linear regression of nitrous oxide (N2O) efflux on GWC, soil temperature, NH4+-N and NO3--N in 'Trios' only, no single variate explained the observed variation. However, increases in N2O were detected after both cultivation and increases in GWC from precipitation in winter, late spring, and fall. Mean daily N2O efflux was greater in cover crops, but annual N2O efflux was low as compared to fertilized and unfertilized annual cropping systems. Potential nitrification, N mineralization and denitrification were generally 2-4-fold greater in cover crop treatments than 'Cultivation'. Thus, cover crops enhanced the soil's capacity for supporting greater MBN, potential N mineralization, and the microbiological functions of nitrification and denitrification. Also, N dynamics appear to be more sensitive to changes in soil water content than temperature. We suggest that potential impacts of greater N2O emissions from cover crop soils be evaluated with reference to other benefits of cover cropping, such as increased soil organic matter content, improved microbiological activity, and N availability. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Steenwerth, Kerri; Belina, K. M.] ARS, USDA, CPGRU, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Steenwerth, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CPGRU, 1023 Wickson Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ksteenwerth@ucdavis.edu NR 42 TC 60 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 40 IS 2 BP 370 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2008.06.004 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 357EY UT WOS:000259830300018 ER PT J AU Barrows, FT Gaylord, TG Sealey, WM Haas, MJ Stroup, RL AF Barrows, Frederic T. Gaylord, T. Gibson Sealey, Wendy M. Haas, Michael J. Stroup, Robert L. TI Processing soybean meal for biodiesel production; effect of a new processing method on growth performance of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Soybean meal processing; Biodiesel; Trout feed; Alternate protein source; In situ transesterification ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; FATTY-ACID ESTERS; ATLANTIC SALMON; DISTAL INTESTINE; DIETARY LYSINE; SOY PRODUCTS; FEED-INTAKE; REQUIREMENTS; METHIONINE; TRANSESTERIFICATION AB A new method of soybean meal processing has been developed, which may simplify the process of biodiesel production. This method, 'in situ transesterification', eliminates hexane extraction to remove the oil, combining the extraction and transesterification steps so as to synthesize biodiesel via a single treatment conducted directly on a lipid-bearing solid material. If the resulting meal is comparable in nutritional value to commercially available hexane-extracted soybean meal (SE-SBM) the new process could become widely used in the bio-fuel industry. Two levels (17.5 and 35%) of each of three types of soybean meal were fed to triplicate lots of 30 (initial wt 22 g) rainbow trout for 9 weeks in flow-through 15 degrees C spring water. The three types of soybean meal included SE-SBM, an experimentally produced hexane-extracted SE-SBM (ESE-SBM), and a meal produced using in situ transesterification (IS-SBM) and each was fed at two levels for a total of 6 diets. Growth of fish fed the diets was good, averaging over 600% gain. There was no effect of source of soybean meal on weight gain of trout. The fish fed the meal processed by the new method, IS-SBM, gained as much weight as fish fed either of the two control meals, at each inclusion level. Fish fed the diets containing IS-SBM, however, did have higher feed intake (2.51% bw/d) compared to fish fed the ESE-SBM or SE-SBM, 2.38 and 2.46% bw/d, respectively. Since growth was equal, feed conversion ratios were higher for fish fed the IS-SBM diets. Protein and energy retention values were lower for fish fed the IS-SBM diets. There was no effect of soybean source on carcass composition. Apparent digestibility for protein was lower for the IS-SBM (85.9%) than for the ESE-SBM (89.3%). Feeding IS-SBM did not decrease weight gain in this study, but due to the increased feed intake and FCR, long term feeding trials should be conducted to further evaluate the meal. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Barrows, Frederic T.; Gaylord, T. Gibson] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Sealey, Wendy M.] Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Haas, Michael J.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Stroup, Robert L.] RL Stroup Co LTD, Troy, OH USA. RP Barrows, FT (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059-F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM Rick.Barrows@ars.usda.gov OI Gaylord, Gibson/0000-0003-3037-0451 FU USDA/Agricultural Research Service [5366-21310-003-00D] FX This research was funded in as part of the USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Trout-Grains Project 5366-21310-003-00D. We thank Mike Casten and Lorrie VanTassel for fish care, Karen Scott for conducting the in situ transesterification on soybeans, and Lucas Porter for assistance in feed processing. We also thank John Less and ADM Corporation for soybean meal analyses. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 283 IS 1-4 BP 141 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.06.041 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 367QP UT WOS:000260567600021 ER PT J AU Barrows, FT Gaylord, TG Sealey, WM Porter, L Smith, CE AF Barrows, Frederic T. Gaylord, T. Gibson Sealey, Wendy M. Porter, Lucas Smith, Charlie E. TI The effect of vitamin premix in extruded plant-based and fish meal based diets on growth efficiency and health of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Plant-based feeds; Extrusion; Alternate proteins; Vitamins; Rainbow trout ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; EXTRUSION-COOKING; HEAT-TREATMENT; PRODUCTS; PROTEIN; GAIRDNERI; SOY; RETENTION; FEEDS; ACID AB Trout diet formulations have changed considerably in the last ten years and modern diets reflect changing ingredient markets, feed processing technologies, and faster growing strains of trout. In contrast, most of the vitamin requirements for rainbow trout were determined more than 30 years ago and whether these requirements are appropriate for modern diet formulations is unclear. For these reasons, a study was conducted to determine the effect of protein source and vitamin levels in extruded feeds on growth performance and nutrient retention. A 2 x 4 factorial treatment design was used with two protein sources, fish meal and plant meals, and four vitamin premixes. All vitamin premixes contained the same vitamins but at different levels and included; 1) 100% of NRC [National Research Council (NRC), 1993. Nutrient Requirements of Fish, National Academy Press, Washington, DC. 114 pp.] recommended vitamin level (NRC), 2) NRC levels with each vitamin independently increased for potential extrusion losses (variable retention, VR), 3) NRC levels with all vitamins increased to assume equal retention of 40% after extrusion (ER), and 4) negative control with no vitamin premix added (None). Each of the 8 diets was fed to groups of 35 rainbow trout (4.8 g) in 150-L fiberglass tanks (5 replicate tanks per diet, except for the negative control diets with 3 replicates) for 15 weeks. Each tank was supplied with 6 L/min of untreated, constant temperature (14.5 degrees C), spring water. Signs of a pantothenic acid deficiency were observed within 6 weeks for the fish fed the plant-based diet without vitamin premix and signs of a vitamin E deficiency were observed for the trout fed the fish meal-based diet without vitamin premix. These treatments were terminated after 9 weeks. Among the supplemented diets, vitamin premix did significantly affect survival, feed intake, protein retention efficiency (PRE), energy retention efficiency, hematocrit and HSI, but not weight gain or FCR. Significant interactive effects between vitamin premix and protein source were observed for survival, hematocrit, HSI, and PRE. Vitamin retentions after extrusion were similar to reported values with the exception of vitamin A, folic acid, and thiamin. Results indicate that the vitamin levels recommended by NRC do not appear to be adequate for young, fast growing trout fed extruded feeds. Adjustment of individual vitamins in the premix to account for vitamin destruction during the extrusion process will maintain levels in the final feed at target levels while reducing vitamin costs associated with over-supplementation. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Barrows, Frederic T.; Gaylord, T. Gibson] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Sealey, Wendy M.; Porter, Lucas] Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Smith, Charlie E.] Aquaculture & Pathol Consulting, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Barrows, FT (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059-H Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM rick.barrows@ars.usda.gov OI Gaylord, Gibson/0000-0003-3037-0451 FU USDA/Agricultural Research Service [5366-21310-003-00D] FX We wish to thank ARS technicians April M. Teague and Lorrie Van Tassel, ARS SCEP student, G. Scott Snyder, and University of Idaho personnel Mike Casten for their assistance with this study. This study was funded by the USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Trout-Grains Project, # 5366-21310-003-00D. NR 43 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 283 IS 1-4 BP 148 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.07.014 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 367QP UT WOS:000260567600022 ER PT J AU Stephens, WW Moore, MT Farris, JL Bouldin, JL Cooper, CM AF Stephens, W. W. Moore, M. T. Farris, J. L. Bouldin, J. L. Cooper, C. M. TI Considerations for assessments of wadable drainage systems in the agriculturally dominated deltas of Arkansas and Mississippi SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EFFLUENTS; WETLANDS; CHANNEL AB The watershed approach, currently used to assess regional streams in the United States, emphasizes least-disturbed reference conditions. Consideration of extensive wadable drainage systems found in Arkansas and Mississippi deltas challenges concepts of disturbance within a landscape of historic agricultural land use. Seventeen wadable drainage ditch sites in Arkansas and Mississippi deltas were characterized using water quality parameters and rapid bioassessment protocols. In all, 19 fish and 105 macroinvertebrate taxa were identified. Macroinvertebrate assemblages were dominated by coleopteran, dipteran, and hemipteran taxa at most drainage sites. Predominance of mobile, early colonists in ditches limits applicability of some metrics for assessment of stream integrity beyond prevalent conditions of ephemeral water quantity and habitat maintenance. This study provides evidence of considerable variability of physical characteristics, water quality, and fish and invertebrate metrics in wadable drainage systems. It indicates a disparity in usefulness of the watershed approach, emphasizing least-disturbed reference conditions, in assessing ecological integrity for a region with ditches as dominant landscape features. C1 [Moore, M. T.; Cooper, C. M.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Stephens, W. W.] ENSR, Houston, TX 77081 USA. [Farris, J. L.] Arkansas State Univ, Coll Sci & Math, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Bouldin, J. L.] Arkansas State Univ, Environm Sci Program, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. RP Moore, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM matt.moore@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 55 IS 3 BP 432 EP 441 DI 10.1007/s00244-008-9136-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 348DR UT WOS:000259191700009 PM 18305980 ER PT J AU VanDalen, KK Anderson, TD Killian, ML Pedersen, JC Franklin, AB Piaggio, AJ AF VanDalen, Kaci K. Anderson, Theodore D. Killian, Mary Lea Pedersen, Janice C. Franklin, Alan B. Piaggio, Antoinette J. TI Increased detection of influenza A H16 in the United States SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; CHICKENS; BIRDS AB As a result of an US interagency avian influenza surveillance effort in wild birds, four isolates of influenza A viruses were initially identified as H7 by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) but subsequently identified as H16 through genetic sequence analysis. We report the development of internal primers for amplification and cycle-sequencing of the full-length H16 gene, increased detection of H16 within the US, and possible steric inhibition or cross-reaction between H7 and H16 antigens during the conventional HI assay. The latter could have critical implications for poultry operations if H16 viruses are detected and mistakenly reported as H7 viruses. C1 [VanDalen, Kaci K.; Anderson, Theodore D.; Franklin, Alan B.; Piaggio, Antoinette J.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Killian, Mary Lea; Pedersen, Janice C.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Vet Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP VanDalen, KK (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 La Porte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kaci.vandalen@aphis.usda.gov FU Wildlife Services National Wildlife Disease Program FX We would like to acknowledge the efforts of the Wildlife Services Disease Biologists for collecting samples. Funding was provided from the Wildlife Services National Wildlife Disease Program. We also acknowledge Robert McLean, Seth Swafford, and Tom DeLiberto. No commercial products used in this study are endorsed by the USDA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 153 IS 10 BP 1981 EP 1983 DI 10.1007/s00705-008-0213-8 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA 363EC UT WOS:000260249300027 PM 18825483 ER PT J AU Matthan, NR Jalbert, SM Barrett, PHR Dolnikowski, GG Schaefer, EJ Lichtenstein, AH AF Matthan, Nirupa R. Jalbert, Susan M. Barrett, P. Hugh R. Dolnikowski, Gregory G. Schaefer, Ernst J. Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Gender-specific differences in the kinetics of nonfasting TRL, IDL, and LDL apolipoprotein B-100 in men and premenopausal women SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apolipoproteins; gender; metabolism; stable isotopes; CVD ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; A-I KINETICS; MENOPAUSAL STATUS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; HEALTHY WOMEN; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PLASMA-LIPIDS AB Objective -To investigate mechanisms underlying gender differences in serum lipoprotein concentrations, the kinetic behavior of apoB-100 was assessed. Methods and Results -Twenty subjects (< 50 years; 12 men and 8 premenopausal women) were provided a Western diet for 4 to 6 weeks, after which the kinetics of apoB-100 in triglyceride-rich, intermediate-density, and low-density lipoprotein (TRL, IDL, and LDL) were determined in the fed state. Nonfasting plasma TC, LDL-C, and triglyceride concentrations were 23%, 34%, and 57% lower, respectively, in the women compared with men. Plasma TRL and LDL apoB 100 pool sizes were lower by 40% and 30%, respectively. These differences were accounted for by higher TRL and LDL apoB 100 fractional catabolic rates (FCR), rather than differences in production rates (PR). Plasma TRL-C and LDL-C were positively correlated with TRL and LDL apoB 100 concentrations and pool size, and negatively correlated with TRL and LDL apoB 100 FCR (women: r=-0.59, P < 0.01 and r=-0.54, P < 0.04, and men: r=-0.43, P < 0.05 and r=-0.44, P < 0.05). No significant associations were observed between plasma TRL-C and LDL-C and PR. Conclusions -These data suggest the mechanism for lower TRL-C and LDL-C concentrations in women was determined predominantly by higher TRL and LDL FCR rather than lower PR. This could explain, in part, the lower CVD risk in premenopausal women relative to men. C1 [Matthan, Nirupa R.; Jalbert, Susan M.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dolnikowski, Gregory G.] Tufts Univ, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Barrett, P. Hugh R.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Med & Pharmacol, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. RP Matthan, NR (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM nirupa.matthan@tufts.edu RI Barrett, Hugh/B-2745-2011; OI Barrett, Peter Hugh/0000-0003-3223-6125 FU National Institute of Health [HL 54727, HL 39236]; NIBIB [P41 EB-001975]; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia FX This work was supported by grants HL 54727 (to N.R.M. and A. H. L.), HL 39236 from the National Institute of Health (to E.J.S.), and NIBIB P41 EB-001975 (to P.H.R.B.). P.H.R.B. is a fellow of the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. NR 51 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 10 BP 1838 EP 1843 DI 10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.163931 PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 349JX UT WOS:000259278200025 PM 18658047 ER PT J AU Scorsetti, AC Humber, RA De Gregorio, C Lastra, CCL AF Scorsetti, Ana Clara Humber, Richard A. De Gregorio, Carolina Lastra, Claudia C. Lopez TI New records of entomopathogenic fungi infecting Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum, pests of horticultural crops, in Argentina SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE aleyrodidae; ascomycota; biological control; fungal entomopathogens; horticultural crops; hypocreales; Isaria spp; Lecanicillium spp; Paecilomyces spp; Verticillium spp; whiteflies ID PAECILOMYCES-FUMOSOROSEUS DEUTEROMYCOTINA; PATHOGENICITY; LECANICILLIUM; ALEYRODIDAE; HOMOPTERA; BIOASSAY; FOLIAGE AB The whiteflies Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are major crop pests throughout the world. Although extensive research about biological control of whitefly by parasitoids and predators has been conducted, also entomopathogenic fungi can be considered as potential biological control agents. Surveys for entomopathogenic fungi were carried out in organic and conventional horticultural crops in greenhouses and open fields in Buenos Aires and Corrientes provinces, Argentina. These surveys resulted in the recovery and isolation of the following fungi from whiteflies: Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimmerm.) Zare & W. Gams, L. muscarium (Petch) Zare & W. Gams, L. longisporum (Petch) Zare & W. Gams, Isaria fumosorosea Wize and I. javanica (Frieder. & Bally) Samson & Hywel-Jones. Pathogenicity tests were conducted against T. vaporariorum nymphs using a conidial suspension (1 x 10(7)conidia/ml) of the fungi. A mortality rate between 26.6% and 76.6% was obtained at 7 days post-infection. These are the first records of natural infections in the southernmost region of the South American continent of L. lecanii, L. muscarium, L. longisporum and Isaria javanica (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) on T. vaporariorum and also the first report of I. fumosorosea on B. tabaci. C1 [Scorsetti, Ana Clara; De Gregorio, Carolina; Lastra, Claudia C. Lopez] CEPAVE, UNLP CONICET, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. [Humber, Richard A.] USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Scorsetti, AC (reprint author), CEPAVE, UNLP CONICET, Calle 2 584, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. EM ascorsetti@cepave.edu.ar NR 30 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD OCT PY 2008 VL 53 IS 5 BP 787 EP 796 DI 10.1007/s10526-007-9118-9 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 340NY UT WOS:000258653500007 ER PT J AU King, DI Lambert, JD Buonaccorsi, JP Prout, LS AF King, David I. Lambert, J. Daniel Buonaccorsi, John P. Prout, Leighlan S. TI Avian population trends in the vulnerable montane forests of the Northern Appalachians, USA SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE bird; chemical deposition; climate; recreation; spruce-fir ID ACID-RAIN; THRUSH; AMERICA; IMPACTS; HABITAT; MERCURY AB Declines in bird populations are an important issue facing conservationists. Although studies have documented bird declines in a variety of lowland habitats, montane habitats are generally under represented in these investigations. Nevertheless, montane habitats are vulnerable because of their restricted geographic distribution as well as their exposure to environmental stressors such as atmospheric deposition and climate change. We surveyed birds at 768 points on 42 transects in montane spruce-fir forests the White Mountains of New Hampshire from 1993-2003. We detected 17,479 individuals of 73 species during this period, of which 10 were abundant enough for analyses. Of these 10 species, three exhibited significant population declines during the survey period: Yellow-bellied Flycatcher (Empidonax flaviventris), Bicknell's Thrush (Catharus bicknelli) and Magnolia Warbler (Dendroica magnolia). Two of these species (Yellow-bellied Flycatcher and Bicknell's Thrush) are considered ecological indicator species for montane spruce-fir forest. Declines in these species are an indication that recent concern on the part of conservationists about montane spruce-fir forest and the birds that inhabit them are justified. Our observation that these trends were not reflected in the National Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) analyses, and that one high priority species, the Bicknell's Thrush, did not occur on BBS routes in New Hampshire during the survey period, argues for the importance of continued efforts to monitor these habitats. C1 [King, David I.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Lambert, J. Daniel] Vermont Inst Nat Sci, Quechee, VT 05059 USA. [Buonaccorsi, John P.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Prout, Leighlan S.] White Mt Natl Forest, Laconia, NH 03246 USA. RP King, DI (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 203 Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM dking@fs.fed.us; dlambert@abc.birds.org; johnpb@math.umass.edu; lprout@fs.fed.us FU White Mountain National Forest; Upper Valley Community Foundation FX The population trend analysis was funded by the White Mountain National Forest and by the Stone House Farm Fund of the Upper Valley Community Foundation. Data were collected by the Audubon Society of New Hampshire and by US Forest Service staff. We thank J. E. Goetz and J. H. Rappole for their comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2691 EP 2700 DI 10.1007/s10531-007-9244-9 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 347FK UT WOS:000259125800009 ER PT J AU Krugner, R Johnson, MW Daane, KM Morse, JG AF Krugner, Rodrigo Johnson, Marshall W. Daane, Kent M. Morse, Joseph G. TI Olfactory responses of the egg parasitoid, Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault (Hymenoptera : Mymaridae), to host plants infested by Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE egg parasitoids; tritrophic interactions; olfactory response; oviposition; host location; biological control ID GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER; COAGULATA SAY HEMIPTERA; TRIGUTTATUS HYMENOPTERA; SEMIOCHEMICALS; HOMOPTERA; BEHAVIOR; VOLATILES; CITRUS; PARASITIZATION; BRACONIDAE AB Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault is an egg parasitoid with potential use in glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), biological control in California. We tested the hypotheses that (1) G. ashmeadi uses chemical volatiles as cues to find hosts, (2) its success in host finding varies among plant species, and (3) the release of semiochemicals is systemically induced by GWSS feeding and oviposition. Using a glass Y-tube olfactometer, we determined G. ashmeadi's preference for volatiles of infested versus uninfested lemon, grapevine, red-tip photinia, and crape myrtle plants. The parasitoid's first choice to, its residence time, and the number of visits per Y-tube arm were used to assess its plant choice. G. ashmeadi chose the infested lemon, red-tip photinia, or grapevine plant significantly more often (62%, 67%, and 63%, respectively) than uninfested hosts, whereas they chose infested and uninfested crape myrtle equally often (49%). Females spent more time in and made more visits to the olfactometer arm connected to the infested plant than to the arm connected to the uninfested plant, except when testing crape myrtle. When testing for a systemic plant response to GWSS infestation, only infested lemon was significantly more attractive to the parasitoids than Was all uninfested plant. These results suggest that G. ashmeadi females use chemical volatiles as cues to find GWSS egg masses and that host finding success varies among GWSS host plants. Some plants used by GWSS as oviposition hosts may serve as an escape from parasitization by G. ashmeadi and act as reservoirs for new GWSS individuals. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Krugner, Rodrigo; Johnson, Marshall W.; Morse, Joseph G.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Daane, Kent M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Krugner, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM Rodrigo.Krugner@ars.usda.gov FU Robert van den Bosch Memorial Scholarship; California Department of Food and Agriculture grant; University of California-Integrated Pest Management Program grant FX This research was supported in part by a Robert van den Bosch Memorial Scholarship awarded to the senior author, and a California Department of Food and Agriculture grant and a University of California-Integrated Pest Management Program grant awarded to Drs. K.M. Daane and M.W. Johnson. We thank Paul Flores for assisting in plant and insect maintenance and Sunridge and Maddock Nurseries for providing plant material for the experiments. This research forms part of a Ph.D. dissertation of R. Krugner. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD OCT PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 8 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.06.004 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 355LX UT WOS:000259711500002 ER PT J AU Boughton, AJ Pemberton, RW AF Boughton, Anthony J. Pemberton, Robert W. TI Efforts to establish a foliage-feeding moth, Austromusotima camptozonale, against Lygodium microphyllum in Florida, considered in the light of a retrospective review of establishment success of weed biocontrol agents belonging to different arthropod taxa SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Lygodium microphyllum; Austromusotima camptozonale; biological control; herbivore fauna; lepidopteran agents; rates of establishment ID WORLD CLIMBING FERN; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; PROPAGULE SIZE; INVASIVE WEED; LEPIDOPTERA; INTRODUCTIONS; SCHIZAEACEAE; AUSTRALIA; CRAMBIDAE; SALVINIA AB Old World climbing fern, Lygodium microphyllum, is a serious invasive weed in south Florida. Development of biological control is vital for sustainable management of L. microphyllum, although the selection of candidate control agents is limited. Austromusotima camptozonale was the first agent to be approved for release against L. microphyllum. From 2004 to 2005, 10,555 adults were released at L. microphyllum-infested sites but subsequent monitoring failed to recover insects. From 2006 to 2007, 30,000 larvae were released, but survivors were never recovered from pine or tree island sites, and were only recovered for three months at cypress sites. Studies in which A. camptozonale eggs and larvae were set out at release sites and subsequently retrieved indicated no evidence of predation or parasitism of eggs, although eggs in pine systems suffered 20% mortality, attributed to high temperatures. No evidence of parasitism of A. camptozonale larvae was detected, although significantly fewer larvae were recovered in treatments to which walking predators had access, relative to Tangle-Trap exclusion treatments. Ants were recovered trapped in Tangle-Trap treatments and had previously being observed preyig on A. camptozonale in the field. We conclude that ant predation was a contributing factor in the failure of A. camptozonale to establish. Based on rates of establishment observed in past weed biocontrol programs, use of a lepidopteran agent within the Pyralidae sensu lato Would not be a strategy predicted to offer the best likelihood of success. However a herbivore fauna composed predominantly of Lepidoptera offered few alternatives. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Boughton, Anthony J.; Pemberton, Robert W.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Boughton, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM anthony.boughton@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS IPRL; Florida Department of Environmental Protection; South Florida Water Management District FX The authors thank staff of the USDA-ARS Australian Biocontrol Lab, CSIRO Long Pocket Laboratories, Indooroopilly, Qld, Australia, for making field collections of A. camptozonale and for performing initial host range screening studies. Chris Bennett, Senior Entomology Technician, USDA-ARS Gainesville, did much of the quarantine host range testing for A. comptozonale and supplied pupae to establish the Fort Lauderdale colony. Luke Kasarjian, Horticultural Technician, USDA-ARS IPRL, provided logistical support and made weekly collections of L. microphyllum foliage for colony maintenance. Student Conservation Association interns, Carrie Boudreau, Judy Wu and Rachel Taylor assisted with the release and monitoring components of this project. Additional thanks to Rachel Taylor for help with the predation and parasitism studies. Mark Deyrup, Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid, FL, identified ant species. This research was funded by financial support from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the South Florida Water Management District. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD OCT PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.07.007 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 355LX UT WOS:000259711500005 ER PT J AU Burkett-Cadena, M Kokalis-Burelle, N Lawrence, KS van Santen, E Kloepper, JW AF Burkett-Cadena, Marleny Kokalis-Burelle, Nancy Lawrence, Kathy S. van Santen, Edzard Kloepper, Joseph W. TI Suppressiveness of root-knot nematodes mediated by rhizobacteria SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE bacterial density; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis; microbial activity; rhizobial inoculants; root-knot nematode; suppressiveness; Meloidogyne incognita ID GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA; PLANT-GROWTH; SOIL SUPPRESSIVENESS; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS; GENE CLUSTERS; BACILLUS; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; TOMATO AB Plant growth- promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial bacteria that colonize the rhizosphere and plant roots resulting in enhancement of plant growth or protection against certain plant pathogens. Studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that induction of soil suppressiveness against Meloidogyne incognita using rhizobacterial inoculants is related to soil microbial activity and rhizosphere bacterial populations. Commercially-available rhizobacterial inoculants (Equity((R)), BioYield((R)), and AgBlend((R))) and FZB42, strain in the product RhizoVital((R)), were selected based on elicitation of growth promotion in tomato and pepper in previous tests. The inoculants Equity (multiple strains), BioYield (two strains), and FZB42 induced significant reductions in nematode eggs per gram root, juvenile nematodes per ml of soil, and galls per plant on tomato. AgBlend, containing microbial metabolites, reduced number of galls. Treatment with each of the inoculants also increased root weight. Rhizosphere populations of total bacteria and aerobic endospore-forming bacteria (AEFB) were increased following treatment with AgBlend, BioYield and FZB42. Strain FZB42 had an unique colony morphology, allowing its detection in the rhizosphere where it became the dominant strain. Soil microbial activity, as assessed by fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, was not affected by inoculants. These results indicate that the selected microbial inoculants increase rhizosphere bacterial populations, and in the case of FZB42, actively colonize the rhizosphere, thereby inducing suppressiveness to nematodes, without necessarily enhancing soil microbial activity. Further, induction of soil suppressiveness against M. incognita was related to bacterial population size in the rhizosphere, when inoculants that contained two PGPR strains and also microbial metabolites were used. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Burkett-Cadena, Marleny; Lawrence, Kathy S.; Kloepper, Joseph W.] Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [van Santen, Edzard] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kokalis-Burelle, Nancy] USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Burkett-Cadena, M (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Life Sci Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM cadenma@auburn.edu NR 33 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD OCT PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 55 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.07.008 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 355LX UT WOS:000259711500008 ER PT J AU Hoagland, L Carpenter-Boggs, L Granatstein, D Mazzola, M Smith, J Peryea, F Reganold, JP AF Hoagland, L. Carpenter-Boggs, L. Granatstein, D. Mazzola, M. Smith, J. Peryea, F. Reganold, J. P. TI Orchard floor management effects on nitrogen fertility and soil biological activity in a newly established organic apple orchard SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE living cover mulch; wood chip mulch; organic herbicide; Brassicaceae seed meal ID NATIVE GRASSLAND SOILS; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; REPLANT DISEASE; FOOD-WEB; QUALITY; CARBON; FIELD; STRATEGIES; HERBICIDE; NUTRITION AB This study addresses the often-competing goals of organic fertility and weed control by evaluating alternative orchard floor management strategies for their impact on N cycling, tree performance, and soil biological activity in a newly established apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchard. The standard tillage weed control practice resulted in satisfactory tree growth with desirable levels of leaf N and most other nutrients; however, soil biological activity did not improve. Maintenance of a living cover understory increased soil N concentration and availability and improved soil biological activity; however, tree growth was less than in other treatments likely in response to competition with the living cover understory for space and water. Application of wood chip mulch resulted in exceptional tree growth which may have resulted from greater water availability, but available soil N was lower, and consequently, tree leaf N concentration was low; in addition, soil biological activity was not improved. Clove oil organic herbicide provided poor weed control resulting in lower leaf N and tree growth and did not improve soil biological activity. Brassicaceae seed meal applications enhanced N availability and soil nematode abundance, but leaf N and many other nutrients were below desirable levels, and additional research is needed to optimize this treatment. We conclude that meeting the multiple objectives of weed control, optimal tree health, and increased soil biological activity may require employment of different orchard floor management strategies at different times during the life of the orchard. C1 [Hoagland, L.; Reganold, J. P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Mazzola, M.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Smith, J.] USDA ARS Land Management & Water Conservat, Pullman, WA USA. [Peryea, F.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Carpenter-Boggs, L.; Granatstein, D.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Sustaining Agr & Nat Resources, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hoagland, L (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 385 Johnson Hall,POB 646420, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM lori_hoagland@wsu.edu NR 34 TC 25 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD OCT PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s00374-008-0304-4 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 354WM UT WOS:000259670600002 ER PT J AU Zablotowicz, RM Krutz, LJ Weaver, MA Accinelli, C Reddy, KN AF Zablotowicz, Robert M. Krutz, L. Jason Weaver, Mark A. Accinelli, Cesare Reddy, Krishna N. TI Glufosinate and ammonium sulfate inhibit atrazine degradation in adapted soils SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE accelerated degradation; atrazine; herbicide interaction; nitrogen metabolism ID ENHANCED DEGRADATION; C-14 GLUFOSINATE; WEED-CONTROL; HERBICIDE; MINERALIZATION; AVAILABILITY; MISSISSIPPI; MANAGEMENT; DISSIPATION; METABOLITES AB The co-application of glufosinate with nitrogen fertilizers may alter atrazine cometabolism, thereby extending the herbicide's residual weed control in adapted soils. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of glufosinate, ammonium sulfate, and the combination of glufosinate and ammonium sulfate on atrazine mineralization in a Dundee silt loam exhibiting enhanced atrazine degradation. Application of glufosinate at rates of 10 to 40 mg kg(-1) soil extended the lag phase 1 to 2 days and reduced the maximum degradation rate by 15% to 30%. However, cumulative atrazine mineralization averaged 85% 21 days after treatment and was independent of treatment. Maximum daily rates of atrazine mineralization were reduced from 41% to 55% by application of 1 to 8 g kg(-1) of ammonium sulfate. Similarly, cumulative atrazine mineralization was inversely correlated with ammonium sulfate rates ranging from 1.0 to 8 g kg(-1) soil. Under the conditions of this laboratory study, atrazine degradation was relatively insensitive to exogenous mineral nitrogen, in that 8 g (NH4)(2)SO4 per kilogram soil repressed but did not completely inhibit atrazine mineralization. Moreover, an additive effect on reducing atrazine mineralization was observed when glufosinate was co-applied with ammonium sulfate. In addition, ammonium fertilization alters the partitioning of C-14-atrazine metabolite accumulation and nonextractable residues, indicating that ammonium represses cleavage of the triazine ring. Consequently, results indicate that the co-application of glufosinate with N may increase atrazine persistence under field conditions thereby extending atrazine residual weed control in adapted soils. C1 [Zablotowicz, Robert M.; Krutz, L. Jason; Weaver, Mark A.; Reddy, Krishna N.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Accinelli, Cesare] Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, Bologna, Italy. RP Zablotowicz, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Robert.Zablotowicz@ars.usda.gov RI Accinelli, Cesare/A-4857-2008; OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998; Accinelli, Cesare/0000-0001-8200-0108; Weaver, Mark/0000-0001-9020-7264 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD OCT PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1007/s00374-008-0299-x PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 354WM UT WOS:000259670600003 ER PT J AU Dornbush, M Cambardella, C Ingham, E Raich, J AF Dornbush, Mathew Cambardella, Cynthia Ingham, Elaine Raich, James TI A comparison of soil food webs beneath C(3)- and C(4)-dominated grasslands SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE bacteria; fungi; grasslands; nematodes; protozoa ID FLUORESCEIN DIACETATE; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; ROOT PRODUCTION; GRASSES; MINERALIZATION; TEMPERATURE; DIVERSITY; BACTERIA; FOREST; CARBON AB Soil food webs influence organic matter mineralization and plant nutrient availability, but the potential for plants to capitalize on these processes by altering soil food webs has received little attention. We compared soil food webs beneath C(3)- and C(4)-grass plantings by measuring bacterial and fungal biomass and protozoan and nematode abundance repeatedly over 2 years. We tested published expectations that C(3) detritus and root chemistry (low lignin/N) favor bacterial-based food webs and root-feeding nematodes, whereas C(4) detritus (high lignin/N) and greater production favor fungal decomposers and predatory nematodes. We also hypothesized that seasonal differences in plant growth between the two grassland types would generate season-specific differences in soil food webs. In contrast to our expectations, bacterial biomass and ciliate abundance were greater beneath C(4) grasses, and we found no differences in fungi, amoebae, flagellates, or nematodes. Soil food webs varied significantly among sample dates, but differences were unrelated to aboveground plant growth. Our findings, in combination with previous work, suggest that preexisting soil properties moderate the effect of plant inputs on soil food webs. We hypothesize that high levels of soil organic matter provide a stable environment and energy source for soil organisms and thus buffer soil food webs from short-term dynamics of plant communities. C1 [Dornbush, Mathew] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Nat & Appl Sci, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. [Cambardella, Cynthia] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ingham, Elaine] Soil Foodweb Inc, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Raich, James] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Dornbush, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Nat & Appl Sci, 2420 Nicolet Dr, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. EM dornbusm@uwgb.edu NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD OCT PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s00374-008-0312-4 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 354WM UT WOS:000259670600009 ER PT J AU Saha, BC Cotta, MA AF Saha, Badal C. Cotta, Michael A. TI Lime pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of rice hulls to ethanol SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE rice hulls; ethanol; lime pretreatment; enzymatic saccharification; separate hydrolysis and fermentation; simultaneous saccharification and fermentation ID CELL-WALL POLYSACCHARIDES; DILUTE-ACID PRETREATMENT; WHEAT-STRAW; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CORN STOVER; HYDROLYSIS; HUSK AB Rice hulls used in this study contained 35.6 +/- 0.1% cellulose and 12.0 +/- 0.7% hemicellulose. The maximum yield of monomeric sugars from rice hulls (15.0%, w/v) by lime pretreatment (100 mg g(-1) hulls, 121 degrees C, 1h) and enzymatic saccharification (45 degrees C, pH 5.0, 72h) using a cocktail of three commercial enzyme preparations (cellulase, beta-glucosidase and hemicellulase) at the dose level of 0.15 ml of each enzyme preparation g(-1) hulls was 154 +/- 1 mg g(-1) (32% yield). The lime pretreatment did not generate any detectable furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural in the hydrolyzate. The concentration of ethanol from lime-pretreated enzyme-saccharified rice hull (138 g) hydrolyzate by recombinant Escherichia coli strain FBR5 at pH 6.5 and 35 degrees C in 19 h was 9.8 +/- 0.5 gl(-1) with a yield of 0.49 g g(-1) available sugars. The ethanol concentration was 11.0 +/- 1.0 gl(-1) in the case of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation by the E. coli strain at pH 6.0 and 35 degrees C in 53 h. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Saha, Badal C.; Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, USDA, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Badal.Saha@ars.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 23 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 32 IS 10 BP 971 EP 977 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.01.014 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 353SL UT WOS:000259588400009 ER PT J AU Sharma, BK Doll, KM Erhan, SZ AF Sharma, Brajendra K. Doll, Kenneth M. Erhan, Sevim Z. TI Ester hydroxy derivatives of methyl oleate: Tribological, oxidation and low temperature properties SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epoxidized methyl oleate; hydroxy ester; lubricant additive; lubricant; PDSC ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; EPOXIDIZED SOYBEAN OIL; VEGETABLE-OILS; FRICTION MEASUREMENTS; ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR; SURFACE-TENSION; STABILITY; ACID; FORMULATIONS; COEFFICIENT AB Five branched oleochemicals were prepared from commercially available methyl oleate and common organic acids; and their lubricant properties were determined. These branched oleochemicals are characterized as 9(10)-hydroxy-10(9)-ester derivatives of methyl oleate. These derivatives show improved low temperature properties, over olefinic oleochemicals, as determined by pour point and cloud point measurements. The derivatization also increased thermo-oxidative stability, measured using both pressurized differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC) and thin film micro oxidation (TFMO) methods. Branched oleochemicals were used as additives both in soybean oil and in polyalphaolefin. Their lubrication enhancement was evaluated by both four-ball and ball-on-disk wear determinations. These derivatives have good anti-wear and friction-reducing properties at relatively low concentrations, under all test loads. Their surface tensions were also determined and a trend was observed. The materials with larger side chain branches had lower surface tension than those containing smaller side chain branches. An exception to this trend was found when studying the compound with the carbonyl containing levulinic acid side chain, which had the highest surface tension of the branched oleochemicals studied. Overall, the data indicate that some of these derivatives have significant potential as a lubricating oil or fuel additives. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sharma, Brajendra K.; Doll, Kenneth M.; Erhan, Sevim Z.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sharma, Brajendra K.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Doll, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Kenneth.Doll@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 99 IS 15 BP 7333 EP 7340 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.12.057 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 322IE UT WOS:000257367600074 PM 18242085 ER PT J AU Knapp, AK Beier, C Briske, DD Classen, AT Luo, Y Reichstein, M Smith, MD Smith, SD Bell, JE Fay, PA Heisler, JL Leavitt, SW Sherry, R Smith, B Weng, E AF Knapp, Alan K. Beier, Claus Briske, David D. Classen, Aimee T. Luo, Yiqi Reichstein, Markus Smith, Melinda D. Smith, Stanley D. Bell, Jesse E. Fay, Philip A. Heisler, Jana L. Leavitt, Steven W. Sherry, Rebecca Smith, Benjamin Weng, Ensheng TI Consequences of More Extreme Precipitation Regimes for Terrestrial Ecosystems SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE climate change; drought; ecosystems; precipitation; soil water ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; SEMIARID ECOSYSTEMS; ARID ECOSYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; WATER; CARBON; TRENDS; PRODUCTIVITY; GRASSLAND AB Amplification of the hydrological cycle as a consequence of global warming is forecast to lead more extreme intra-annual precipitation regimes. characterized by larger rainfall events and longer intervals between events. We present a conceptual framework, based on past investigations and ecological theory, for predicting the consequences of this underappreciated aspect of climate change. We consider a brand range of terrestrial ecosystems that vary in their over-all mater balance. More extreme rainfall regimes are expected to increase the duration and severity of soil water water stress in mesic ecosystems as intervals between rainfall events increase. In contrast, xeric ecosystems may exhibit the opposite response to extreme events. Larger but less frequent rainfall events may result in proportional reductions in evaporative losses in xenic systems, and thus may lead to greater soil water availability Hydric (wetland) ecosystems are predicted to experience reduced periods of anoxia in response to prolonged intervals between rainfall events. Understanding these contingent effects of ecosystem canter balance is necessary for predicting how nun e intervals precipitation regimes will modify ecosystem processes and alter interactions with related global change drivers. C1 [Knapp, Alan K.; Heisler, Jana L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Beier, Claus] Tech Univ Denmark, Biosyst Dept, Roskilde, Denmark. [Briske, David D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX USA. [Classen, Aimee T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Knoxville, TN USA. [Luo, Yiqi; Bell, Jesse E.; Sherry, Rebecca; Weng, Ensheng] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Reichstein, Markus] Max Planck Inst Biochem, Biogeochem Model Data Integrat Grp, Jena, Germany. [Smith, Melinda D.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, New Haven, CT USA. [Smith, Stanley D.] Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Fay, Philip A.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Leavitt, Steven W.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Smith, Benjamin] Lund Univ, Geobiosphere Sci Ctr, Lund, Sweden. RP Knapp, AK (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM aknapp@colostate.edu RI Reichstein, Markus/A-7494-2011; Classen, Aimee/C-4035-2008; Weng, Ensheng/E-4390-2012; Knapp, Alan/A-2931-2008; Beier, Claus/E-6288-2013; Smith, Melinda/J-8987-2014; Young, Kristina/M-3069-2014; Beier, Claus/C-1789-2016; Smith, Benjamin/I-1212-2016; OI Reichstein, Markus/0000-0001-5736-1112; Classen, Aimee/0000-0002-6741-3470; Weng, Ensheng/0000-0002-1858-4847; Beier, Claus/0000-0003-0348-7179; Smith, Benjamin/0000-0002-6987-5337; Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316 FU European Union [SSA 016066]; TERACC; National Science Foundation Ecosystem Studies [02-12409]; Long Term Ecological Research, and Long-term Research in Experimental Biology programs; USDA NRI-CSREES (National Research Initiative-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service); Department of Energy Office of Science; National Institute for Climate Change Research; CLIMAITE project FX This article was initiated as a result of presentations and discussions at the EPRECOT (Effects of Precipitation Change on Terrestrial Ecosystems) TERACC (Terrestrial Ecosystem Response to Atmospheric and Climate Change) workshop held in Elsinore, Denmark, in May 2006. The meeting and research activities described herein were supported by the European Union (SSA 016066); TERACC; the National Science Foundation Ecosystem Studies (02-12409), Long Term Ecological Research, and Long-term Research in Experimental Biology programs; the USDA NRI-CSREES (National Research Initiative-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service) Managed Ecosystems Program; the Department of Energy Office of Science; the National Institute for Climate Change Research; and the CLIMAITE project. We thank all the participants at the workshop for fruitful discussions and contributions, and Jeffrey Herrick and Paul Hanson for providing helpful advice. Three anonymous reviewers improved this manuscript significantly. NR 67 TC 338 Z9 354 U1 40 U2 345 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD OCT PY 2008 VL 58 IS 9 BP 811 EP 821 DI 10.1641/B580908 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 357ZS UT WOS:000259886500007 ER PT J AU Magalhaes, STV Guedes, RNC Demuner, AJ Lima, ER AF Magalhaes, S. T. V. Guedes, R. N. C. Demuner, A. J. Lima, E. R. TI Effect of coffee alkaloids and phenolics on egg-laying by the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lepidoptera; Lyonetiidae; coffee resistance; caffeine; Coffea arabica; egg-laying preference ID CHLOROGENIC ACID; PLANT PHENOLICS; HERBIVOROUS INSECTS; CAFFEINE; RESISTANCE; DEFENSE; ANTIOXIDANT; METABOLISM; PESTICIDES; MECHANISM AB The recognized importance of coffee alkaloids and phenolics mediating insect-plant interactions led to the present investigation aiming to test the hypothesis that the phenolics chlorogenic and caffeic acids and the alkaloid caffeine and some of its derivatives present in coffee leaves affect egg-laying by the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera (= Perileucoptera) coffeella (Guerin-Wneville & Perrottet) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), one of the main coffee pests in the Neotropical region. These phytochemicals were, therefore, quantified in leaves from 12 coffee genotypes and their effect on the egg-laying preference by the coffee leaf miner was assessed. Canonical variate analysis and partial canonical correlation provided evidence that increased leaf levels of caffeine favour egg-laying by the coffee leaf miner. An egg-laying preference bioassay was, therefore, carried out to specifically test this hypothesis using increasing caffeine concentrations sprayed oil leaves of one of the coffee genotypes with the lowest level of this compound (i.e. Hybrid UFV 557-04 generated from a cross between Coffea racemosa Lour. and C. arabica L.). The results obtained allowed the recognition of a significant concentration-response relationship, providing Support for the hypothesis that caffeine stimulates egg-laying by the coffee leaf miner in coffee leaves. C1 [Magalhaes, S. T. V.; Guedes, R. N. C.; Lima, E. R.] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Biol Anim, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. [Guedes, R. N. C.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Biol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Demuner, A. J.] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Quim, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. RP Guedes, RNC (reprint author), Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Biol Anim, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. EM guedes@ufv.br RI Lima, Eraldo/B-6675-2008 FU CNP D-Cafe; Minas Gerais State Foundation FX Thanks to the members of UFV-EPAMIG Coffee Breeding Group, particularly Drs A.A. Pereira, E.T. Caixeta, L. Zambolim and E. Zambolim for their guidance and for access to the coffee genotypes. Financial support provided by the CNP & D-Cafe through the Consortium EMBRAPA (Cafe, the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and the Minas Gerais State Foundation for Research Aid was greatly appreciated and is acknowledged here. The comments and suggestions provided by Prof. Geoff Gurr and two anonymous referees were also greatly appreciated. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 98 IS 5 BP 483 EP 489 DI 10.1017/S0007485308005804 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 362BR UT WOS:000260173700007 PM 18826664 ER EF