FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Joseph, T McAuliffe, J Lu, B Vogel, L Swayne, D Jin, H Kemble, G Subbarao, K AF Joseph, Tomy McAuliffe, Josephine Lu, Bin Vogel, Leatrice Swayne, David Jin, Hong Kemble, George Subbarao, Kanta TI A live attenuated cold-adapted influenza A H7N3 virus vaccine provides protection against homologous and heterologous H7 viruses in mice and ferrets SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian influenza H7 virus; reverse genetics; live attenuated H7N3 virus vaccine; immunogenicity; efficacy ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; PATHOGENICITY; CONJUNCTIVITIS; REASSORTANT; GENERATION; CANDIDATE; INFECTION; CHICKENS AB The appearance of human infections caused by avian influenza A H7 subtype viruses underscores their pandemic potential and the need to develop vaccines to protect humans from viruses of this subtype. A live attenuated H7N3 virus vaccine was generated by reverse genetics using the HA and NA genes of a low pathogenicity A/chicken/BC/CN-6/04 (H7N3) virus and the six internal protein genes of the cold-adapted AAnn Arbor/6/60 ca (H2N2) virus. The reassortant H7N3 BC 04 ca vaccine virus was temperature sensitive and showed attenuation in mice and ferrets. Intranasal immunization with one dose of the vaccine protected mice and ferrets when challenged with homologous and heterologous H7 viruses. The reassortant H7N3 BC 04 ca vaccine virus showed comparable levels of attenuation, immunogenicity and efficacy in mice and ferret models. The safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of this vaccine in mice and ferrets support the evaluation of this vaccine in clinical trials. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Joseph, Tomy; McAuliffe, Josephine; Vogel, Leatrice; Subbarao, Kanta] NIAID, NIH, Infect Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Lu, Bin; Jin, Hong; Kemble, George] Medimmune Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Swayne, David] USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Joseph, Tomy] 545 Univ Crescent, Vet Diagnost Serv, Manitoba Agr Food & Rural Initiat, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5S6, Canada. [McAuliffe, Josephine] Medimmune Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Subbarao, K (reprint author), Bldg 33 Room 3E13C1,33 N Dr,MSC 3203, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ksubbarao@niaid.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 AI000933-05]; NIAID NIH HHS [K04 AI000155, Z01 AI000155] NR 32 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 378 IS 1 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2008.05.021 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 335UI UT WOS:000258316100014 PM 18585748 ER PT J AU Crow, WT Reichle, RH AF Crow, W. T. Reichle, R. H. TI Comparison of adaptive filtering techniques for land surface data assimilation SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; ZONE SOIL-MOISTURE; ERROR STATISTICS; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; IMPACT AB The accurate specification of modeling and observational error information required by data assimilation algorithms is a major obstacle to the successful application of a land surface data assimilation system. The source and statistical structure of these errors are often unknown, and poor assumptions concerning the relative magnitude of modeling and observation uncertainty degrade the quality of land data assimilation products. In theory, adaptive filtering approaches are capable of estimating model and observation error covariance information during the online cycling of a data assimilation system. To date, however, these approaches have not been widely applied to land surface models. Here, we implement and compare four separate adaptive filtering schemes in a data assimilation system designed to ingest remotely sensed surface soil moisture retrievals. Upon testing of each scheme via a synthetic twin data assimilation experiment, three of the four adaptive approaches are found to provide substantially improved soil moisture estimates. However, the specific model and observation characteristics of satellite-based surface soil moisture retrievals contribute to the relatively slow convergence of all schemes. Overall, results highlight the need to consider unique aspects of the land data assimilation problem when designing and/or evaluating the relative performance of adaptive filtering algorithms. C1 [Crow, W. T.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Reichle, R. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Room 104,Bldg 007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wade.crow@ars.usda.gov RI Reichle, Rolf/E-1419-2012 FU NASA [NNG05GB61G] FX Partial support for this study was provided through NASA grant NNG05GB61G. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 8 AR W08423 DI 10.1029/2008WR006883 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 338OI UT WOS:000258516900001 ER PT J AU Choi, MH Jacobs, JM Bosch, DD AF Choi, Minha Jacobs, Jennifer M. Bosch, David D. TI Remote sensing observatory validation of surface soil moisture using Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer E, Common Land Model, and ground based data: Case study in SMEX03 Little River Region, Georgia, US SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LANDSURFACE PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES; 1997 HYDROLOGY EXPERIMENT; DATA ASSIMILATION; ENERGY FLUXES; TEMPORAL ANALYSIS; BASIN EXPERIMENT; WATER-CONTENT; VARIABILITY; PROJECT; HETEROGENEITY AB Optimal soil moisture estimation may be characterized by intercomparisons among remotely sensed measurements, ground-based measurements, and land surface models. In this study, we compared soil moisture from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer E (AMSR-E), ground-based measurements, and a Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT) model for the Soil Moisture Experiments in 2003 (SMEX03) Little River region, Georgia. The Common Land Model (CLM) reasonably replicated soil moisture patterns in dry down and wetting after rainfall though it had modest wet biases (0.001-0.054 m(3)/m(3)) as compared to AMSR-E and ground data. While the AMSR-E average soil moisture agreed well with the other data sources, it had extremely low temporal variability, especially during the growing season from May to October. The comparison results showed that highest mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) were 0.054 and 0.059 m(3)/m(3) for short and long periods, respectively. Even if CLM and AMSR-E had complementary strengths, low MAE (0.018-0.054 m(3)/m(3)) and RMSE (0.023-0.059 m(3)/m(3)) soil moisture errors for CLM and soil moisture low biases ( 0.003-0.031 m(3)/m(3)) for AMSR-E, care should be taken prior to employing AMSR-E retrieved soil moisture products directly for hydrological application due to its failure to replicate temporal variability. AMSR-E error characteristics identified in this study should be used to guide enhancement of retrieval algorithms and improve satellite observations for hydrological sciences. C1 [Choi, Minha] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bosch, David D.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Jacobs, Jennifer M.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Civil Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Choi, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM minha.choi@ars.usda.gov; david.bosch@ars.usda.gov RI McCabe, Matthew/G-5194-2011 OI McCabe, Matthew/0000-0002-1279-5272 FU NASA [NNG04GL60G]; NSF [NSF-EAR-0337277] FX The input from two anonymous reviewers is gratefully acknowledged. Support for this study was provided by a NASA grant (NNG04GL60G) and NSF grant (NSF-EAR-0337277). The authors wish to thank the SMEX03 sampling teams for their field data collection effort. In addition, the insights from three reviewers are gratefully acknowledged. NR 62 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 14 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 8 AR W08421 DI 10.1029/2006WR005578 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 338OH UT WOS:000258516800001 ER PT J AU Mottram, DS Friedman, M AF Mottram, Donald S. Friedman, Mendel TI Symposium on the Chemistry and Toxicology of Acrylamide SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Mottram, Donald S.] Univ Reading, Dept Food Biosci, Reading RG6 6AP, Berks, England. [Friedman, Mendel] Western Reg Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Mottram, DS (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Food Biosci, Reading RG6 6AP, Berks, England. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 15 BP 5983 EP 5983 DI 10.1021/jf801610e PG 1 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 335DF UT WOS:000258270300001 PM 18624426 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Levin, CE AF Friedman, Mendel Levin, Carol E. TI Review of methods for the reduction of dietary content and toxicity of acrylamide SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Chemistry and Toxicology of Acrylamide CY AUG 21-23, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem DE acrylamide; food processing; food safety; reduction; cereals; potatoes; coffee; diet; toxicity ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POTATO MODEL SYSTEM; BETA-UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS; FREE AMINO-ACIDS; MAILLARD REACTION-PRODUCTS; ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTOR; PEPPER-CONTAINING FOODS; IN-VITRO NEUROTOXICITY; RICE BRAN EXTRACTS; RYE CRISP BREAD AB Potentially toxic acrylamide is largely derived from heat-induced reactions between the amino group of the free amino acid asparagine and carbonyl groups of glucose and fructose in cereals, potatoes, and other plant-derived foods. This overview surveys and consolidates the following dietary aspects of acrylamide: distribution in food originating from different sources; consumption by diverse populations; reduction of the acrylamide content in the diet; and suppression of adverse effects in vivo. Methods to reduce adverse effects of dietary acrylamide include (a) selecting potato, cereal, and other plant varieties for dietary use that contain low levels of the acrylamide precursors, namely, asparagine and glucose; (b) removing precursors before processing; (c) using the enzyme asparaginase to hydrolyze asparagine to aspartic acid; (d) selecting processing conditions (pH, temperature, time, processing and storage atmosphere) that minimize acrylamide formation; (e) adding food ingredients (acidulants, amino acids, antioxidants, nonreducing carbohydrates, chitosan, garlic compounds, protein hydrolysates, proteins, metal salts) that have been reported to prevent acrylamide formation; (f) removing/trapping acrylamide after it is formed with the aid of chromatography, evaporation, polymerization, or reaction with other food ingredients; and (g) reducing in vivo toxicity. Research needs are suggested that may further facilitate reducing the acrylamide burden of the diet. Researchers are challenged to (a) apply the available methods and to minimize the acrylamide content of the diet without adversely affecting the nutritional quality, safety, and sensory attributes, including color and flavor, while maintaining consumer acceptance; and (b) educate commercial and home food processors and the public about available approaches to mitigating undesirable effects of dietary acrylamide. C1 [Friedman, Mendel; Levin, Carol E.] Western Reg Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), Western Reg Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mfried@pw.usda.gov OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 294 TC 121 Z9 127 U1 9 U2 137 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 15 BP 6113 EP 6140 DI 10.1021/jf0730486 PG 28 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 335DF UT WOS:000258270300021 PM 18624452 ER PT J AU Schonenbrucher, H Adhikary, R Mukherjee, P Casey, TA Rasmussen, MA Maistrovich, FD Hamir, AN Kehrli, ME Richt, JA Petrich, JW AF Schoenenbruecher, Holger Adhikary, Ranikrishna Mukherjee, Prasun Casey, Thomas A. Rasmussen, Mark A. Maistrovich, Frank D. Hamir, Amir N. Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr. Richt, Juergen A. Petrich, Jacob W. TI Fluorescence-based method, exploiting lipofuscin, for real-time detection of central nervous system tissues on bovine carcasses SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE real-time detection; fluorescence spectroscopy; central nervous system tissues; BSE risk material; lipofuscin; in-process control; food safety ID ENCEPHALOPATHY RISK MATERIAL; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; MEAT-PRODUCTS; LIPID OXIDATION; FECAL CONTAMINATION; POULTRY MEAT; SPECTROSCOPY; PROTEIN; BSE; AGE AB The removal of central nervous system (CNS) tissues as part of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) risk material is one of the highest priority tasks to avoid contamination of the human food chain with BSE. No currently available method enables the real-time detection of possible CNS tissue contamination on carcasses during slaughter. The fluorescent pigment lipofuscin is a heterogeneous, high-molecular weight material that has been shown to be enriched in high concentrations in neuronal tissues. In this study, lipofuscin fluorescence was investigated as a marker for real-time detection of CNS contamination. Front-faced fluorescence spectra of brain and spinal cord samples from 11 cattle gave identical, reproducible fluorescence signal patterns with high intensities. The specificity of these spectra was assessed by investigating 13 different non-CNS tissues enabling the differentiation of brain and spinal cord by signal intensity and structure of the spectra, respectively. Small quantities of bovine spinal cord were reliably detected in the presence of raw bovine skeletal muscle, fat, and vertebrae. The presented data are a fundamental basis for the development of a prototype device allowing real-time monitoring of CNS tissue contamination on bovine carcasses and meat cuts. C1 [Schoenenbruecher, Holger; Hamir, Amir N.; Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr.; Richt, Juergen A.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Casey, Thomas A.; Rasmussen, Mark A.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Adhikary, Ranikrishna; Mukherjee, Prasun; Maistrovich, Frank D.; Petrich, Jacob W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Richt, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM juergen.richt@ars.usda.gov; jwp@iastate.edu RI Adhikary, Ramkrishna/F-3002-2011; Petrich, Jacob/L-1005-2015 NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 15 BP 6220 EP 6226 DI 10.1021/jf0734368 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 335DF UT WOS:000258270300031 PM 18620407 ER PT J AU Zhu, J Patzoldt, WL Shealy, RT Vodkin, LO Clough, SJ Tranel, PJ AF Zhu, Jin Patzoldt, William L. Shealy, Robin T. Vodkin, Lila O. Clough, Steven J. Tranel, Patrick J. TI Transcriptome response to glyphosate in sensitive and resistant soybean SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE glyphosate; gene expression profiling; herbicide; chloroplast; cytochrome P450 ID SHIKIMATE PATHWAY; GENE-EXPRESSION; CYTOCHROME-P450 MONOOXYGENASES; AMINOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID; PLANT CYTOCHROME-P450; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HERBICIDE; INHIBITION; SYNTHASE; CELLS AB The majority of soybeans planted in the United States are resistant to glyphosate due to introduction of a gene encoding for a glyphosate-insensitive 5-enolypyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase. Gene expression profiling was conducted using cDNA microarrays to address questions related to potential secondary effects of glyphosate. When glyphosate-sensitive plants were treated with glyphosate, 3, 170, and 311 genes were identified as having different transcript levels at 1, 4, and 24 h post-treatment (hpt), respectively. Differentially expressed genes were classified into functional categories, and their possible roles in response to glyphosate are briefly discussed. Gene expression profiling of glyphosate-resistant plants treated with glyphosate indicated that the plants were marginally affected at 1 hpt and then quickly adjusted to glyphosate treatment. Ten, four, and four genes were identified as differentially expressed at 1, 4, and 24 hot. When gene expression profiles of cotyledons from developing seed were compared between the near-isogenic resistant and sensitive lines, two genes were identified as significantly differentially expressed out of 27000, which was less than the empirical false-discovery rate determined from a control experiment. Quantitative real-time reverse-transcribed Polymerase Chain Reaction was conducted on selected genes and yielded results consistent with those from the microarrays. Collectively, these data indicate that there are no major transcriptomic changes associated with currently used glyphosate-resistant soybean. C1 [Zhu, Jin; Patzoldt, William L.; Shealy, Robin T.; Vodkin, Lila O.; Clough, Steven J.; Tranel, Patrick J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Clough, Steven J.] USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Tranel, PJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM tranel@uiuc.edu RI Clough, Steven/E-6815-2011; OI Tranel, Patrick/0000-0003-0666-4564 NR 54 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 15 BP 6355 EP 6363 DI 10.1021/jf801254e PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 335DF UT WOS:000258270300049 PM 18636734 ER PT J AU Oliver, CE Magelky, BK Bauer, ML Cheng, FC Caton, JS Hakk, H Larsen, GL Anderson, RC Smith, DJ AF Oliver, Christy E. Magelky, Barbara K. Bauer, Marc L. Cheng, Fu-Chih Caton, Joel S. Hakk, Heldur Larsen, Gerald L. Anderson, Robin C. Smith, David J. TI Fate of chlorate present in cattle wastes and its impact on Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157 : H7 SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chlorate; cattle waste; Salmonella; E. coli O157 : H7; feed addtivite; pathogens ID TOTAL RADIOACTIVE RESIDUES; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; SODIUM CL-36 CHLORATE; (PER)CHLORATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; DRINKING-WATER; BEEF-CATTLE; NITRATE REDUCTASES; CHLORITE DISMUTASE; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; ANAEROBIC GROWTH AB Chlorate salts are being developed as a feed additive to reduce the numbers of pathogens in feedlot cattle. A series of studies was conducted to determine whether chlorate, at concentrations expected to be excreted in urine of dosed cattle, would also reduce the populations of pathogens in cattle wastes (a mixture of urine and feces) and to determine the fate of chlorate in cattle wastes. Chlorate salts present in a urine-manure-soil mixture at 0, 17, 33, and 67 ppm had no significant effect on the rates of Escherichia coli O157:H7 or Salmonella Typhimurium inactivation from batch cultures. Chlorate was rapidly degraded when incubated at 20 and 30 degrees C with half-lives of 0.1 to 4 days. Chlorate degradation in batch cultures was slowest at 5 degrees C with half-lives of 2.9 to 30 days. The half-life of 100 ppm chlorate in an artificial lagoon system charged with slurry from a feedlot lagoon was 88 h. From an environmental standpoint, chlorate use in feedlot cattle would likely have minimal impacts because any chlorate that escaped degradation on the feedlot floor would be degraded in lagoon systems. Collectively, these results suggest that chlorate administered to cattle and excreted in wastes would have no significant secondary effects on pathogens present in mixed wastes on pen floors. Lack of chlorate efficacy was likely due to low chlorate concentrations in mixed wastes relative to chlorate levels shown to be active in live animals, and the rapid degradation of chlorate to chloride at temperatures of 20 degrees C and above. C1 [Magelky, Barbara K.; Hakk, Heldur; Larsen, Gerald L.; Smith, David J.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Oliver, Christy E.; Bauer, Marc L.; Caton, Joel S.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Anderson, Robin C.] USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM david.j.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 15 BP 6573 EP 6583 DI 10.1021/jf801007u PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 335DF UT WOS:000258270300077 PM 18605736 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL Shappell, NW Franek, M Rubio, FR AF Shelver, Weilin L. Shappell, Nancy W. Franek, Milan Rubio, Fernando R. TI ELISA for sulfonamides and its application for screening in water contamination SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE analysis; ELISA; LC-MS/MS; residue; sulfonamides ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WASTE-WATER; TREATMENT PLANTS; ANTIBIOTICS; ENVIRONMENT; PHARMACEUTICALS; TRIMETHOPRIM; ANTIBODIES; FATE AB Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were tested for their suitability for detecting sulfonamides in wastewater from various stages in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), the river into which the wastewater is discharged, and two swine-rearing facilities. The sulfamethoxazole ELISA cross-reacts with several compounds, achieving detection limits of <0.04 mu g/L for sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfamethoxypyridine, sulfachloropyridine, and sulfamethoxine, whereas the sulfamethazine (SMZ) ELISA is more compound specific, with a detection limit of <0.03 mu g/L. Samples from various stages of wastewater purifications gave 0.6-3.1 mu g/L by SMX-ELISA, whereas river samples were similar to 10-fold lower, ranging from below detection to 0.09 mu g/L. Swine wastewater samples analyzed by the SMX-ELISA were either at or near detectable limits from one facility, whereas the other facility had concentrations of similar to 0.5 mu g/L, although LC-MS/MS did not confirm the presence of SMX. Sulfamethazine ELISA detected no SMZ in either WWTP or river samples. In contrast, wastewater samples from swine facilities analyzed by SMZ-ELISA were found to contain similar to 30 mu g/L [piglet (50-100 lb) wastewater] and similar to 7 mu g/L (market-weight hog wastewater). Sulfamethazine ELISA analyses of wastewater from another swine facility found concentrations to be near or below detection limits. A solid phase extraction method was used to isolate and concentrate sulfonamides from water samples prior to LC-MS/MS multiresidue confirmatory analysis. The recoveries at 1 mu g/L fortification ranged from 42 +/- 4% for SMZ to 88 +/- 4% for SMX (n = 6). The ELISA results in the WWTPs were confirmed by LC-MS/MS, as sulfonamide multiresidue confirmatory analysis identified SMX, sulfapyridine, and sulfasalazine to be present in the wastewater. Sulfamethazine presence at one swine-rearing facility was also confirmed by LC-MS/MS, demonstrating the usefulness of the ELISA technique as a rapid and high-throughput screening method. C1 [Shelver, Weilin L.; Shappell, Nancy W.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Franek, Milan] Vet Res Inst, Brno 62100, Czech Republic. [Rubio, Fernando R.] Abraxis LLC, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. RP Shelver, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Weilin.Shelver@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 9 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 15 BP 6609 EP 6615 DI 10.1021/jf800657u PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 335DF UT WOS:000258270300081 PM 18616276 ER PT J AU Malowicki, SMM Martin, R Qian, MC AF Malowicki, Sarah M. M. Martin, Robert Qian, Michael C. TI Comparison of sugar, acids, and volatile composition in raspberry bushy dwarf virus-resistant transgenic raspberries and the wild type 'Meeker' (Rubus idaeus L.) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE raspberry; Meeker; RBDV-resistant; transgenic; volatile; SBSE ID ENANTIOSELECTIVE ANALYSIS; AROMA; COMPONENTS; CULTIVARS; VARIETIES; ALCOHOLS; FRUIT; OIL AB Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) causes a significant reduction in yield and quality in raspberry and raspberry-blackberry hybrid. Genetic modifications were made to 'Meeker' red raspberries to impart RBDV resistance. The RBDV-resistant transgenic and wild type 'Meeker' plants were grown in Oregon and Washington, and the fruits were harvested in the 2004 and 2005 growing seasons. Year-to-year and site-to-site variations were observed for the degrees Brix and titratable acidity, with Oregon raspberries having slightly higher degrees Brix and lower titratable acidity than Washington raspberries. Twenty-nine volatile compounds were quantified using stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) paired with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). There were very few differences in volatile concentrations between the transgenic varieties and the wild type 'Meeker'. Much larger variations were observed between sites and harvest seasons. Raspberries grown in Oregon appeared to have higher concentrations of delta-octalactone, delta-decalactone, geraniol, and linalool. Chiral analysis of alpha-ionone, alpha-pinene, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, delta-octalactone, and delta-decalactone demonstrated a much higher percentage of one isomer over the other, particularly alpha-ionone, alpha-pinene, delta-octalactone, and delta-decalactone, with more than 90% of one isomer, while a racemic mixture was observed for linalool. The isomeric analysis revealed very little variation between varieties, locations, or years. The flavor compounds tested in this study did not show any difference between the transgenic lines and the wild type 'Meeker' raspberry. C1 [Malowicki, Sarah M. M.; Qian, Michael C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Martin, Robert] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Qian, MC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM michael.qian@oregonstate.edu NR 29 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 15 BP 6648 EP 6655 DI 10.1021/jf800253e PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 335DF UT WOS:000258270300086 PM 18598047 ER PT J AU Lin, LZ Chen, P Ozcan, M Harnly, JM AF Lin, Long-Ze Chen, Pei Ozcan, Mustafa Harnly, James M. TI Chromatographic profiles and identification of new phenolic components of Ginkgo biloba leaves and selected products SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ginkgo biloba; flavonoids; terpene lactones; LC-DAD-ESI/MS identification; chromatographic flavonoid profile ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTION; FLAVONOL GLYCOSIDES; QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION; FINGERPRINT ANALYSIS; ACTIVE COMPONENTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DOSAGE FORMS; AGLYCONES; EXTRACTS AB Ginkgo biloba leaves and their extracts are one of the most widely used herbal products and/or dietary supplements in the world. A systematic study of the phenolic compounds is necessary to establish quality parameters. A modified LC-DAD-ESI/MS method was used to obtain chromatographic profiles for the flavonoids and terpene lactones of Ginkgo biloba leaves. The method was used to identify 45 glycosylated flavonols and flavones, 3 flavonol aglycones, catechin, 10 biflavones, a dihydroxybenzoic acid, and 4 terpene lactones in an aqueous methanol extract of the leaves. The extracted G. biloba leaf products contained the same flavonoids as the raw leaves except for the lack of biflavones. The detected glycosylated flavonol contents were equal to or more than 0.0008% of the dry plant material. This is the first report of the presence of more than 20 of these flavonoids in G. biloba. C1 [Lin, Long-Ze; Chen, Pei; Ozcan, Mustafa; Harnly, James M.] USDA ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lin, LZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Building 161,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM longze.lin@ars.usda.gov FU NIH HHS [Y01 OD001298-01] NR 40 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 15 BP 6671 EP 6679 DI 10.1021/jf800488x PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 335DF UT WOS:000258270300089 PM 18598036 ER PT J AU Sang, YJ Bean, S Seib, PA Pedersen, J Shi, YC AF Sang, Yijun Bean, Scott Seib, Paul A. Pedersen, Jeff Shi, Yong-Cheng TI Structure and functional properties of sorghum starches differing in amylose content SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sorghum; starch; structure; rheological properties; digestion ID SLOW DIGESTION PROPERTY; CHAIN-LENGTH; CEREAL STARCHES; GELATINIZATION; WAXY; RETROGRADATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CRYSTALLINE; GELATION; GELS AB Starches were isolated from grains of waxy, heterowaxy, and normal sorghum. To study the relationship between starch structure and functionality and guide applications of these starches, amylose content, amylopectin chain-length distributions, gelatinization and retrogradation, pasting properties, dynamic rheological properties, and in vitro enzyme digestion of raw starches were analyzed. Heterowaxy sorghum starch had intermediate amylose content, pasting properties, and dynamic rheological properties. Stress relaxation was a useful indicator of cooked starch cohesiveness. Cooked heterowaxy sorghum starch (10% solids) had a viscoelastic-solid type of character, whereas cooked waxy sorghum starch behaved like a viscoelastic liquid. Amylopectin of normal sorghum starch had a slightly higher proportion of chains with degree of polymerization (DIP) of 6-15 (45.5%) compared with amylopectin of heterowaxy starch (44.1%), which had a gelatinization peak temperature 2 degrees C higher than normal sorghum starch. Heterowaxy sorghum starch contained significantly lower rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and higher resistant starch (RS) than waxy sorghum starch. C1 [Sang, Yijun; Seib, Paul A.; Shi, Yong-Cheng] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bean, Scott] GMPRC, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Pedersen, Jeff] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Sang, YJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM ycshi@ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 37 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 4 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 15 BP 6680 EP 6685 DI 10.1021/jf800577x PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 335DF UT WOS:000258270300090 PM 18627168 ER PT J AU Wang, D Sun, G Chiou, BS AF Wang, Dong Sun, Gang Chiou, Bor-Sen TI Fabrication of tunable submicro- or nano-structured polyethylene materials from immiscible blends with cellulose acetate butyrate SO MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE cellulose acetate butyrate; controllable nanofibers; controllable submicrosphere particles; fabrication; immiscible blends ID LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; RELAXATION PROCESSES; POLYMER NANOFIBERS; CARBON-FIBERS; MICROSPHERES; PRECURSORS; MORPHOLOGY; EXTRUSION; SURFACE; SILICA AB Low density polyethylene (LDPE) was prepared into micro- or submicro-spheres or nanofibers via melt blending or extrusion of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)/LDPE immiscible blends and subsequent removal of the CAB matrix. The sizes of the PE spheres or fibers can be successfully controlled by varying the composition ratio and modifying the interfacial properties of the blends. The surface structures of LDPE micro- or submicrospheres and nanofibers were analyzed using SEM and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. In addition, the crystalline structures of the LDPE nanofibers were characterized. C1 [Wang, Dong; Sun, Gang] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chiou, Bor-Sen] ARS, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gysun@ucdavis.edu NR 27 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-7492 EI 1439-2054 J9 MACROMOL MATER ENG JI Macromol. Mater. Eng. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 293 IS 8 BP 657 EP 665 DI 10.1002/mame.200800120 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 343SF UT WOS:000258874300002 ER PT J AU Bruederle, CE Hnasko, RM Kraemer, T Garcia, RA Haas, MJ Marmer, WN Carter, JM AF Bruederle, Cathrin E. Hnasko, Robert M. Kraemer, Thomas Garcia, Rafael A. Haas, Michael J. Marmer, William N. Carter, John Mark TI Prion Infected Meat-and-Bone Meal Is Still Infectious after Biodiesel Production SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; DISEASE; SAFETY AB The epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has led to a world-wide drop in the market for beef by-products, such as Meat-and-Bone Meal (MBM), a fat-containing but mainly proteinaceaous product traditionally used as an animal feed supplement. While normal rendering is insufficient, the production of biodiesel from MBM has been suggested to destroy infectivity from transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). In addition to producing fuel, this method simultaneously generates a nutritious solid residue. In our study we produced biodiesel from MBM under defined conditions using a modified form of alkaline methanolysis. We evaluated the presence of prion in the three resulting phases of the biodiesel reaction (Biodiesel, Glycerol and Solid Residue) in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of the reaction products from 263K scrapie infected MBM led to no detectable immunoreactivity by Western Blot. Importantly, and in contrast to the biochemical results the solid MBM residue from the reaction retained infectivity when tested in an animal bioassay. Histochemical analysis of hamster brains inoculated with the solid residue showed typical spongiform degeneration and vacuolation. Re-inoculation of these brains into a new cohort of hamsters led to onset of clinical scrapie symptoms within 75 days, suggesting that the specific infectivity of the prion protein was not changed during the biodiesel process. The biodiesel reaction cannot be considered a viable prion decontamination method for MBM, although we observed increased survival time of hamsters and reduced infectivity greater than 6 log orders in the solid MBM residue. Furthermore, results from our study compare for the first time prion detection by Western Blot versus an infectivity bioassay for analysis of biodiesel reaction products. We could show that biochemical analysis alone is insufficient for detection of prion infectivity after a biodiesel process. C1 [Bruederle, Cathrin E.; Hnasko, Robert M.; Carter, John Mark] USDA ARS, WRRC, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. [Kraemer, Thomas] Saarland Univ, Inst Legal Med, Homburg, Germany. [Garcia, Rafael A.; Haas, Michael J.; Marmer, William N.] USDA ARS, ERRC, Fats, Oils & Anim Coproducts Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Bruederle, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, WRRC, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Albany, CA USA. EM cathrin.bruederle@gmail.com RI Garcia, Rafael/D-2796-2009; Carter, John Mark/K-2485-2015 OI Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-5452-3929; Carter, John Mark/0000-0001-8251-4168 FU CRIS [5325-32000-007-00D, 5325-32000-008-00D] FX CRIS 5325-32000-007-00D and CRIS 5325-32000-008-00D NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 8 AR e2969 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002969 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 422FK UT WOS:000264412600054 PM 18698417 ER PT J AU Nicholson, EM Brunelle, BW Richt, JA Kehrli, ME Greenlee, JJ AF Nicholson, Eric M. Brunelle, Brian W. Richt, Juergen A. Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr. Greenlee, Justin J. TI Identification of a Heritable Polymorphism in Bovine PRNP Associated with Genetic Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy: Evidence of Heritable BSE SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) of cattle. Classical BSE is associated with ingestion of BSE-contaminated feedstuffs. H- and L-type BSE, collectively known as atypical BSE, differ from classical BSE by displaying a different disease phenotype and they have not been linked to the consumption of contaminated feed. Interestingly, the 2006 US H- type atypical BSE animal had a polymorphism at codon 211 of the bovine prion gene resulting in a glutamic acid to lysine substitution (E211K). This substitution is analogous a human polymorphism associated with the most prevalent form of heritable TSE in humans, and it is considered to have caused BSE in the 2006 US atypical BSE animal. In order to determine if this amino acid change is a heritable trait in cattle, we sequenced the prion alleles of the only known offspring of this animal, a 2-year-old heifer. Principal Findings: Sequence analysis revealed that both the 2006 US atypical BSE animal and its 2-year-old heifer were heterozygous at bovine prion gene nucleotides 631 through 633 for GAA ( glutamic acid) and AAA ( lysine). Both animals carry the E211K polymorphism, indicating that the allele is heritable and may persist within the cattle population. Conclusions: This is the first evidence that the E211K polymorphism is a germline polymorphism, not a somatic mutation, suggesting BSE may be transmitted genetically in cattle. In the event that E211K proves to result in a genetic form of BSE, this would be the first indication that all 3 etiologic forms of TSEs ( spontaneous, hereditary, and infectious) are present in a non-human species. Atypical BSE arising as both genetic and spontaneous disease, in the context of reports that at least some forms of atypical BSE can convert to classical BSE in mice, suggests a cattle origin for classical BSE. C1 [Nicholson, Eric M.; Richt, Juergen A.; Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr.; Greenlee, Justin J.] ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Brunelle, Brian W.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Nicholson, EM (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. EM Eric.Nicholson@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service FX The work was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 8 AR e2912 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002912 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 422FK UT WOS:000264412600001 PM 18698343 ER PT J AU Wang, XF Kota, U He, K Blackburn, K Li, J Goshe, MB Huber, SC Clouse, SD AF Wang, Xiaofeng Kota, Uma He, Kai Blackburn, Kevin Li, Jia Goshe, Michael B. Huber, Steven C. Clouse, Steven D. TI Sequential transphosphorylation of the BRI1/BAK1 receptor kinase complex impacts early events in brassinosteroid signaling SO DEVELOPMENTAL CELL LA English DT Article ID TYROSINE KINASES; PROTEIN-KINASES; ARABIDOPSIS; BAK1; BRI1; GROWTH; TRANSDUCTION; ACTIVATION; GENE; PHOSPHORYLATION AB Brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate plant development through a signal transduction pathway involving the BRI1 and BAK1 transmembrane receptor kinases. The detailed molecular mechanisms of phosphorylation, kinase activation, and oligomerization of the BRI1/BAK1 complex in response to BRs are uncertain. We demonstrate that BR-dependent activation of BRI1 precedes association with BAK1 in planta, and that BRI1 positively regulates BAK1 phosphorylation levels in vivo. BRI1 transphosphorylates BAK1 in vitro on specific kinase-domain residues critical for BAK1 function. BAK1 also transphosphorylates BRI1, thereby quantitatively increasing BRI1 kinase activity toward a specific substrate. We propose a sequential transphosphorylation model in which BRI1 controls signaling specificity by direct 1313 binding followed by substrate phosphorylation. The coreceptor BAK1 is then activated by BRI1-dependent transphosphorylation and subsequently enhances signaling output through reciprocal BRI1 transphosphorylation. This model suggests both conservation and distinct differences between the molecular mechanisms regulating phosphorylation-dependent kinase activation in plant and animal receptor kinases. C1 [Wang, Xiaofeng; Clouse, Steven D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kota, Uma; Blackburn, Kevin; Goshe, Michael B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol & Struct Biochem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [He, Kai; Li, Jia] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Huber, Steven C.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Clouse, SD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM steve_clouse@ncsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [MCB-0419819, DBI-0619250]; United States Department of Agriculture [NRI 2004-35304-14930]; North Carolina Agricultural Research Service FX We thank Trevor McMorris for supplying brassinolide and Tadao Asami and Shigeo Yoshida for the gift of brassinazole. This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (MCB-0419819 and DBI-0619250), the United States Department of Agriculture competitive grants program (NRI 2004-35304-14930), and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service. NR 40 TC 216 Z9 228 U1 4 U2 46 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1534-5807 J9 DEV CELL JI Dev. Cell PD AUG 12 PY 2008 VL 15 IS 2 BP 220 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.devcel.2008.06.011 PG 16 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 338YS UT WOS:000258545900011 PM 18694562 ER PT J AU Johnsen, B Kjeldstad, B Aalerud, TN Nilsen, LT Schreder, J Blumthaler, M Bernhard, G Topaloglou, C Meinander, O Bagheri, A Slusser, JR Davis, J AF Johnsen, Bjorn Kjeldstad, Berit Aalerud, Tommy Nakken Nilsen, Lill Tove Schreder, Josef Blumthaler, Mario Bernhard, Germar Topaloglou, Chrysanthi Meinander, Outi Bagheri, Asadollah Slusser, James R. Davis, John TI Intercomparison and harmonization of UV Index measurements from multiband filter radiometers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MULTICHANNEL; INSTRUMENTS AB Multiband filter radiometers (MBFRs) are extensively used in national measurement networks for UV climate monitoring and for informing the public about potential health risks from excessive solar UV exposure. Results from the first international intercomparison of MBFRs, arranged in Oslo in 2005, are presented. Forty-three radiometers of type GUV, NILU-UV, and UVMFR-7 were assembled, representing monitoring stations on several continents. The first objective was to conduct a blind intercomparison of Global UV Index (UVI) processed by the instrument owners. Eleven independent data sets were compared, eight of which agreed with the reference to within +/- 5% and ten to within +/- 10%. The second objective was to provide a harmonized calibration scale for all instruments. When this scale was applied, the UVI agreed to within +/- 5% (2-sigma) for solar zenith angles (SZAs) up to 90 degrees. The results demonstrate that MBFRs provide accurate UVI measurements for realistic sky conditions and a wide range of SZAs, provided the calibration functions are optimized. The harmonized UVI scale is traceable to the European QASUME reference spectroradiometer. C1 [Johnsen, Bjorn; Aalerud, Tommy Nakken; Nilsen, Lill Tove] Norwegian Radiat Protect Author, Sect Non Ionizing Radiat, N-1332 Osteras, Norway. [Kjeldstad, Berit; Bagheri, Asadollah] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Bernhard, Germar] Biospher Inc, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Blumthaler, Mario] Innsbruck Med Univ, Div Biomed Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria. [Slusser, James R.; Davis, John] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Dept 1499, USDA UVB Radiat Monitoring Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Meinander, Outi] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FI-00560 Helsinki, Finland. [Schreder, Josef] CMS Ing Dr Schreder GmbH, A-6322 Kirchbichl, Austria. [Topaloglou, Chrysanthi] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Lab Atmospher Phys, Thessaloniki 54121, Greece. RP Johnsen, B (reprint author), Norwegian Radiat Protect Author, Sect Non Ionizing Radiat, Grini Naeringspk 13, N-1332 Osteras, Norway. EM bjorn.johnsen@nrpa.no RI Meinander, Outi/M-8589-2014; OI Meinander, Outi/0000-0001-6608-3951 FU World Meteorological Organization; European Commission; Norwegian Research Council; Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority; Factors Controlling UV Radiation In Norway (FARIN) [155810/720]; University of Oslo FX The intercomparison was supported by the World Meteorological Organization, the European Commission, through COST action 726, the Norwegian Research Council, and the Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, who hosted the campaign. The support made it possible to invite groups from all around the world to take part in this intercomparison and to provide a link to several earlier European spectroradiometer and broadband meter intercomparisons. The arrangement is part of project 155810/720 Factors Controlling UV Radiation In Norway (FARIN), supported by The Norwegian Research Council. Arne Dahlback at the Department of Physics, University of Oslo, is acknowledged for providing measurement of total ozone for the campaign period. We also like to thank Justin Brown at NRPA for improving the language in the manuscript. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 12 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D15 AR D15206 DI 10.1029/2007JD009731 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 338LX UT WOS:000258510500003 ER PT J AU Park, SU Kathaperumal, K McDonough, S Akey, B Huntley, J Bannantine, JP Chang, YF AF Park, Sung-Un Kathaperumal, Kumanan McDonough, Sean Akey, Bruce Huntley, John Bannantine, John P. Chang, Yung-Fu TI Immunization with a DNA vaccine cocktail induces a Th1 response and protects mice against Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis challenge SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis; 85 antigen complex; SOD; 35 kDa; DNA vaccine ID TUBERCULOSIS JOHNES DISEASE; LARGE DAIRY HERDS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; ANTIGEN-85 COMPLEX; FUSION PROTEINS; CROHNS-DISEASE; PLASMID DNA; INFECTION; IMMUNOGENICITY; EFFICACY AB Several antigens of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis have been studied as vaccine components and their immunogenicity has been evaluated. Previously, we reported that 85 antigen complex (85A, 85B, and 85C), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and 35 kDa protein could induce significant lymphocyte proliferation as well as the elaboration of Th1-associated cytokines including interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Based on these results, we cloned and expressed 85A, 85B, 85C, SOD, and 35 kDa-protein genes into the eukaryotic expression plasmid pVR1020. C57BL/6 mice were immunized three times intramuscularly with the recombinant DNA cocktail and pVR1020 DNA alone as control. A significant reduction in the bacterial burden in the spleen and liver of mice immunized with the DNA cocktail as compared to the vector control group was found. Also, the relative severity of the liver and spleen histopathology paralleled the MAP culture results, more granulomas and acid-fast bacilli in the vector control animals. Moreover, mice immunized with the DNA cocktail developed both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses to the recombinant antigens and showed significant lymphocyte proliferation. The Th1 response related cytokine (IFN-gamma) levels increased in splenocytes obtained from immunized animals. These results indicate that the use of a recombinant DNA vaccine can provide protective immunity against mycobacterial infection by inducing a Th1 response. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chang, Yung-Fu] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Huntley, John] New York State Dept Agr & Markets, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Bannantine, John P.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Chang, YF (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM yc42@cornell.edu OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 FU Biotechnology Research and Development Corporation (BRDC); NYS Department of Agriculture and Markets; USDA-APHIS, the New York State Science and Technology Foundation; JDIP FX This work was supported by the Biotechnology Research and Development Corporation (BRDC), a contract through a cooperative agreement between the NYS Department of Agriculture and Markets and the USDA-APHIS, the New York State Science and Technology Foundation and JDIP. NR 58 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 12 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 34 BP 4329 EP 4337 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.06.016 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 342WF UT WOS:000258813600007 PM 18582521 ER PT J AU Kluber, MR Olson, DH Puettmann, KJ AF Kluber, Matthew R. Olson, Deanna H. Puettmann, Klaus J. TI Amphibian distributions in riparian and upslope areas and their habitat associations on managed forest landscapes in the Oregon Coast Range SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE amphibians; density management; habitat; managed headwater forests; riparian buffers ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; WESTERN OREGON; TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDERS; PLETHODON-VEHICULUM; TIMBER MANAGEMENT; STREAM AMPHIBIANS; HEADWATER FORESTS; HARDWOOD FORESTS; STAND AGE AB Over the past 50 years, forested landscapes of the Pacific Northwest have become increasingly patchy, dominated by early successional forests. Several amphibian species associated with forested headwater systems have emerged as management concerns, especially after clearcutting. Given that headwater streams comprise a large portion of the length of flowing waterways in western Oregon forests, there is a need to better understand how forest management affects headwater forest taxa and their habitats. Mitigation strategies include alternatives to clearcutting, such as harvests that remove only part of the canopy and maintenance of riparian buffer strips. Our study investigates effects of upland forest thinning coupled with riparian buffer treatments on riparian and upland headwater forest amphibians, habitat attributes, and species-habitat associations. Amphibian captures and habitat variables were examined 56 years post-thinning within forest stands subject to streamside-retention buffers and variable-width buffers, as well as unthinned reference stands. We found no treatments effects, however, our results suggest that ground surface conditions (e.g., amount of rocky or fine substrate) play a role in determining the response of riparian and upland amphibians to forest thinning along headwater streams. Distance from stream was associated with amphibian abundance, hence retention of riparian buffers is likely important in maintaining microclimates and microhabitats needed for amphibians and other taxa. Moderate thinning and preservation of conditions in riparian and nearby upland areas by way of variable-width and streamside-retention buffers may be sufficient to maintain suitable habitat and microclimatic conditions vital to amphibian assemblages in managed headwater forests. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kluber, Matthew R.; Olson, Deanna H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Puettmann, Klaus J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kluber, MR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM matt.kluber@gmail.com NR 62 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 256 IS 4 BP 529 EP 535 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.04.043 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 336JX UT WOS:000258361200004 ER PT J AU Mascaro, J Becklund, KK Hughes, RF Schnitzer, SA AF Mascaro, Joseph Becklund, Kristen K. Hughes, R. Flint Schnitzer, Stefan A. TI Limited native plant regeneration in novel, exotic-dominated forests on Hawai'i SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE novel ecosystems; new forests; succession; invasive species; recruitment; plantations ID BIOLOGICAL INVASION; SECONDARY FORESTS; TREE PLANTATIONS; SOUTH-AFRICA; RESOURCE-USE; MYRICA-FAYA; PUERTO-RICO; ALIEN; MANAGEMENT; CONSTRUCTION AB Ecological invasions are a major driver of global environmental change. When invasions are frequent and prolonged, exotic species can become dominant and ultimately create novel ecosystem types. These ecosystems are now widespread globally. Recent evidence from Puerto Rico suggests that exotic-dominated forests can provide suitable regeneration sites for native species and promote native species abundance, but this pattern has been little explored elsewhere. We surveyed 46 sites in Hawai'i to determine whether native species occurred in the understories of exotic-dominated forests. Native trees smaller than 10 cm in diameter were absent in 28 of the 46 sites and rare in the others. Natives were never the dominant understory species; in fact, they accounted for less than 10% of understory basal area at all but six sites, and less than 4% on average. Sites with native species in the understory tended to be on young lava substrate lacking human disturbance, and were mostly located close to intact, native-dominated forest stands. Even where we found some native species, however, most were survivors of past exotic encroachment into native forest, rather than products of active recolonization by native species. In contrast with successional trajectories in Puerto Rico, Hawaii's exotic-dominated forests can emerge, via invasion, without human disturbance and native Hawaiian plants are largely unable to colonize them once they appear. We suggest that a wide diversity of growth strategies among the exotic species on Hawai'i may limit the opportunities for native plants to colonize exotic-dominated forests. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mascaro, Joseph; Schnitzer, Stefan A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Becklund, Kristen K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hughes, R. Flint] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Mascaro, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Lapham Hall 181,3209 N Maryland Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. EM jmascaro@uwm.edu OI Schnitzer, Stefan/0000-0002-2715-9455 NR 49 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 11 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 256 IS 4 BP 593 EP 606 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.04.053 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 336JX UT WOS:000258361200012 ER PT J AU Kaye, TN Blakeley-Smith, M Thies, WG AF Kaye, Thomas N. Blakeley-Smith, Matt Thies, Walter G. TI Long-term effects of post-harvest stump removal and N-fertilization on understory vegetation in Western USA forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE disturbance; understory; stump removal; fertilization; diversity; introduced species; Phellinus weirii; plant species richness ID PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY; DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PHELLINUS-WEIRII; ROOT-ROT; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; AFFECT MORTALITY; MANAGED FORESTS; SOIL PROPERTIES; PORIA-WEIRII AB Intensive forest management practices often disturb understory vegetation, and the recovery of these plant communities may depend on the type and severity of the disturbance. We examined the effects of stump removal and N-fertilization on understory plant communities and functional group (shrubs, graminoids, forbs, and introduced species) cover and diversity at five study areas in the Pacific Northwest of North America 24-28 years after treatment. Treatments at each study area included stumped and non-stumped controls as well as four levels of broadcast ammonium nitrate (0, 336,672, and 1345 kg N ha(-1)) in all combinations. Stumping had significant effects on community composition at all sites, and several plant species were associated (p < 0.05) with either controls or stumped plots. Diversity of graminoids, forbs and introduced species increased in stumped areas region wide. Stumping reduced cover and diversity of shrubs at some sites. Cover of graminoids and forbs also increased in stumped plots at some study areas. Forbs like Viola sempervirens were often indicators of stump removal while shrubs such as Acer circinatum tended to be associated with non-stumped plots. N-fertilization affected community composition at only one study area, and had no effects on cover or richness of functional groups. Stump removal has lasting impacts on plant communities and may make them more vulnerable to colonization by introduced species. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kaye, Thomas N.; Blakeley-Smith, Matt] Inst Appl Ecol, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Kaye, Thomas N.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Thies, Walter G.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kaye, TN (reprint author), Inst Appl Ecol, POB 2855, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. EM kayet@peak.org RI kaye, thomas/D-7859-2012 NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 256 IS 4 BP 732 EP 740 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.028 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 336JX UT WOS:000258361200027 ER PT J AU Yildirim-Aksoy, M Lim, C Li, MH Klesius, PH AF Yildirim-Aksoy, Mediha Lim, Chhorn Li, Menghe H. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Interaction between dietary levels of vitamins C and E on growth and immune responses in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE vitamin C; vitamin E; channel catfish; liver vitamin storage; haematology; immune responses ID SPARUS-AURATA L.; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; IN-VITRO ADDITION; RAINBOW-TROUT; DISEASE RESISTANCE; ASCORBIC-ACID; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; E REQUIREMENT; GRADED-LEVELS AB This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary levels of vitamins C (0, 100 and 2000 mg kg(-1)), E (0, 50 and 500 mg kg(-1)) and their interaction on the growth performance, liver contents of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol, haematology and immune response of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Each diet was fed to catfish in triplicate aquaria to apparent satiation twice daily for 12 weeks. The results indicate that the amount of vitamin E contained in the basal diet (23.1 mg kg(-1)) was sufficient to promote good growth, feed efficiency and survival, but its supplementation was needed to maintain high haematological values and liver vitamin E. Supplementation of vitamin C (100 mg kg(-1)) to the basal diet containing 10.5 mg kg(-1) was required for good growth, feed efficiency, survival and prevention of vertebral deformity and optimum haematological indices. Liver storage of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol increased with increasing dietary levels of each vitamin. Dietary vitamin E levels had no effect on liver ascorbic acid content, but increasing dietary vitamin C increased liver alpha-tocopherol. Some measured immune parameters (serum protein and superoxide anion production) were enhanced by supplementation of vitamin C or E. Chemotaxis ratio and phagocytosis were not affected by treatments. C1 [Lim, Chhorn] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, MSA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Li, Menghe H.] Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Lim, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, MSA, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM clim@ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD AUG 8 PY 2008 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1198 EP 1209 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.01984.x PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 333KR UT WOS:000258151900009 ER PT J AU Jeffries, TW AF Jeffries, Thomas W. TI Introduction of a special issue on biotechnology for the pulp and paper industry SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Jeffries, Thomas W.] USDA Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Jeffries, Thomas W.] Univ Wisconsin, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Jeffries, TW (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM twjeffri@wisc.edu RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD AUG 5 PY 2008 VL 43 IS 2 BP 77 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2008.04.002 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 323XJ UT WOS:000257481400001 ER PT J AU Sreenath, HK Koegel, RG AF Sreenath, Hassan K. Koegel, Richard G. TI Bioconvertion of spent cellulose sausage casings SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress on Biotechnology in Pulp and Paper CY JUN 10-15, 2007 CL Madison, WI DE bioconversion; cellulose; enzyme-rich casing; ethanol; filter paper cellulase (FPase); lactic acid; simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF); solid substrate cultivation (SSC); spent cellulose casings (SCC) ID LACTIC-ACID PRODUCTION; SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION; KLUYVEROMYCES-MARXIANUS; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; ALFALFA FIBER; RICE STRAW; FERMENTATION; STATE; PRETREATMENT; HYDROLYSIS AB Cellulose sausage cellulose casings are used extensively in the manufacture of sausages in meat packaging. After stripping the meat, spent casings mainly contain cellulose and residual meat juice with salt, nitrate and nitrite. Disposal of spent sausage casings has serious economic and environmental concerns for the sausage industry. This work describes bioconversion of spent cellulose casings (SCC) into enzymes, lactic acid and ethanol by using cellulolytic fungi, lactobacillus and yeasts. The solid substrate cultivation (SSC) of Trichoderma reesei RUT C-30 on SCC and blends gave a maximum of 152 filter paper cellulase (FPase) activity and about 100 carboxymethylcellulase activity (CMCase)/g dry weight substrate. The SSC produced enzyme-rich casing with 50 FPase when directly mixed as such with 10% fresh SCC produced over 70 g/l lactic acid using Lactobacillus plantarum sp. 14431, and also produced 30 g/l ethanol with Kluveromyces marxianus IMB-3 under simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) conditions. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sreenath, Hassan K.; Koegel, Richard G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Koegel, Richard G.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Sreenath, HK (reprint author), Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM sreenath@biopulping.com NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD AUG 5 PY 2008 VL 43 IS 2 BP 226 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2007.09.005 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 323XJ UT WOS:000257481400024 ER PT J AU Cinelli, P Chiellini, E Imam, SH AF Cinelli, Patrizia Chiellini, Emo Imam, Syed H. TI Hybrid composite based on poly(vinyl alcohol) and fillers from renewable resources SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polyvinyl alcohol; lignocellulosic fillers; composite; biodegradable; compression molding ID DEGRADATION MECHANISM; AGRICULTURAL MULCH; BLENDS; FILM; WASTE; WATER; BIODEGRADATION; ENZYME AB Hybrid composite laminates consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as continuous phase (33% by weight) and lignocellulosic fillers, derived from sugarcane bagasse, apple and orange waste (22% by weight) were molded in a carver press in the presence of water and glycerol such as platicizers agents. Corn starch was introduced as a biodegradation promoter and gluing component of the natural filler and synthetic polymeric matrix in the composite (22% by weight). The prepared laminates were characterized for their mechanical properties and degradative behavior in simulated soil burial experiments. The fibers type and content in composite impacted mechanical properties. Materials based on PVA and starch with apple wastes and sugarcane bagasse fillers were much harder (Young's Modulus respectively, 57, 171 MPa) than materials prepared with orange wastes (17 Mpa). Respirometric test revealed that soil microbes preferentially used natural polymers and low molecular weight additive as a carbon source compared to biodegradable synthetic polymer. The presence of PVA in formulations had no negative effect on the degradation of lignocellulosic fibers. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Cinelli, Patrizia; Chiellini, Emo] Univ Pisa, Dept Chem & Ind Chem, INSTM Res Unit, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Imam, Syed H.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Chiellini, E (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dept Chem & Ind Chem, INSTM Res Unit, Via Risorgimento 35, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. EM emochie@dcci.unipi.it OI Cinelli, Patrizia/0000-0003-2401-133X NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD AUG 5 PY 2008 VL 109 IS 3 BP 1684 EP 1691 DI 10.1002/app.28300 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 315BZ UT WOS:000256854200040 ER PT J AU Ping, CL Michaelson, GJ Kimble, JM Romanovsky, VE Shur, YL Swanson, DK Walker, DA AF Ping, C. L. Michaelson, G. J. Kimble, J. M. Romanovsky, V. E. Shur, Y. L. Swanson, D. K. Walker, D. A. TI Cryogenesis and soil formation along a bioclimate gradient in Arctic North America SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LATITUDINAL TRANSECT; CARBON STORAGE; TUNDRA SOILS; ALASKA; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; CANADA; CRYOTURBATION; PERMAFROST; CLIMATE AB In arctic tundra, cryoturbation resulting from frost heave, cracking, and other cryogenic processes produces patterned ground such as nonsorted circles, stripes, nonsorted polygons, and earth hummocks. We studied cryogenic structures and morphological properties of soils associated with patterned-ground features along a bioclimate gradient in Arctic Alaska and Canada from north (subzone A) to south (subzone E). Most of these soils have strongly developed cryogenic features, including warped and broken horizons, and organic matter moved into the upper permafrost. The expression of cryoturbation generally increases with the gradient southward. Soil color reflects the lithology of the soil, weathering, and accumulation of organic matter. The organic horizons form around the circles, and gleyed matrix with redoximorphic features develop in the lower active layers due to saturation above the permafrost. Cryostructure development depends more on hydrology controlled by microtopography than position along the gradient. The cryostructures form due to freeze-thaw cycles and ice lens formation, which include granular, platy, lenticular, reticulate, suspended (ataxitic), ice lens, and ice wedges. On the surface, the density of nonsorted circles reached their maximum in subzones C and D. However, once the vegetation cover was removed, the nonsorted pattern grounds reached their optimum stage and become closed packed in subzone E. Frost heave decreases in the south as the vegetation changes from tussocks to shrub tundra. Cryogenesis is the controlling factor in patterned ground formation resulting in cryoturbated soil profiles, cryostructures, and carbon sequestration in arctic tundra soils. C1 [Ping, C. L.; Michaelson, G. J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Agr & Forestry Expt Stn, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [Kimble, J. M.] USDA NRCS, Addison, NY 14801 USA. [Romanovsky, V. E.; Shur, Y. L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Swanson, D. K.] USDA Forest Serv, Baker City, OR 97814 USA. [Walker, D. A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arct Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Ping, CL (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Agr & Forestry Expt Stn, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. EM pfclp@uaa.alaska.edu NR 56 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD AUG 2 PY 2008 VL 113 IS G3 AR G03S12 DI 10.1029/2008JG000744 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 333LG UT WOS:000258153400001 ER PT J AU Parikh, DV Edwards, JV Condon, BD Parikh, AD AF Parikh, D. V. Edwards, J. V. Condon, B. D. Parikh, A. D. TI Silver-carboxylate ion-paired alginate and carboxymethylated cotton with antimicrobial activity SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE antimicrobials; burns; carboxymethylation; dressings; infection; silver; medical textiles; wounds ID DRESSINGS; WOUNDS AB Burn and chronic wounds are highly susceptible to infection. Silver has long been known to have antimicrobial properties and has been used extensively in treating burn wounds, Using a cation exchange technique, it was possible to impregnate commercially available alginate dressings and carboxymethylated cotton gauze and cotton printcloth with silver. The antimicrobial silver alginate dressings demonstrated high absorption of physiological saline solution and were effective against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcous aureus) and Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae) microbes. Additionally, the silver-bound printcloth retained antimicrobial activity following multiple launderings. Based on these findings, it is apparent that commercial alginate and cotton dressings impregnated with silver should have clinical promise in the prevention and treatment of infected wounds. C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Parikh, DV (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Dharnid.Parikh@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 8 BP 38 EP 43 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 338PF UT WOS:000258519200005 ER PT J AU Reid, KF Callahan, DM Carabellol, RJ Phillips, EM Frontera, WR Fielding, RA AF Reid, Kieran F. Callahan, Damien M. Carabellol, Robert J. Phillips, Edward M. Frontera, Walter R. Fielding, Roger A. TI Lower extremity power training in elderly subjects with mobility limitations: a randomized controlled trial SO AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aging; exercise; power training ID PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE BATTERY; LIMITED OLDER-PEOPLE; MUSCLE POWER; LEG POWER; STRENGTH; ADULTS; WOMEN; ASSOCIATION; DISABILITY; SPEED AB Background and aims: This study investigated whether high-velocity high-power training (POW) improved lower extremity muscle power and quality in functionally-limited elders greater than traditional slow-velocity progressive resistance training (STR). Methods: Fifty-seven community-dwelling older adults aged 74.2 +/- 7 (range 65-94 yrs), Short Physical Performance Battery score 7.7 +/- 1.4, were randomized to either POW (n=23) (12 females), STR (n=22) (13 females) or a control group of lower extremity stretching (CON) (n=12) (6 females). Training was performed three times per week for 12 weeks and subjects completed three sets of double leg press and knee extension exercises at 70% of the one repetition maximum (1RM). Outcome measures included 1RM strength and peak power (PP). Total leg lean mass was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to estimate specific strength and specific PP. Results: During training, power output was consistently higher in POW compared to STR for knee extension (similar to 2.3-fold) and leg press (similar to 2.8-fold) exercises (p<0.01). Despite this, PP and specific PP of the knee extensors increased similarly from baseline in POW and STR compared to CON (p<0.01), and no significant time-group interaction occurred for PP of the leg extensors. However, gains in leg press specific PP were significantly greater in POW compared to both STR and CON (p<0.05). Total leg lean mass did not change within any group. Conclusions: A short-term intervention of high-velocity power training and traditional slow-velocity progressive resistance training yielded similar increases of lower extremity power in the mobility-impaired elderly. Neuromuscular adaptations to power training, rather than skeletal muscle hypertrophy, may have facilitated the improvements in muscle quality. Additional studies are warranted to test the efficacy of power training in older individuals with compromised physical functioning. C1 [Reid, Kieran F.; Carabellol, Robert J.; Phillips, Edward M.; Fielding, Roger A.] Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Callahan, Damien M.] Boston Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Phillips, Edward M.; Frontera, Walter R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Boston, MA USA. [Frontera, Walter R.] Univ Puerto Rico, Sch Med, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Frontera, Walter R.] Univ Puerto Rico, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. RP Fielding, RA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM roger.fielding@tufts.edu FU National Institute on Aging [AG18844]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707]; Boston University Medical Center General Clinical Research Center [M01 RR00533] FX This work was supported by the National Institute on Aging grant number AG18844 and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S, Department of Agriculture. The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the Boston University Medical Center General Clinical Research Center (M01 RR00533). Subjects were recruited from a Volunteer Registry supported by the Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research. Conflicts of Interest: None. NR 16 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 9 PU EDITRICE KURTIS S R L PI MILAN PA VIA LUIGI ZOJA 30, 20153 MILAN, ITALY SN 1594-0667 J9 AGING CLIN EXP RES JI Aging Clin. Exp. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 337 EP 343 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 365TD UT WOS:000260429800009 PM 18852547 ER PT J AU Onufrieva, KS Thorpe, KW Hickman, AD Leonard, DS Mastro, VC Roberts, EA AF (Tcheslavskaia) Onufrieva, Ksenia S. Thorpe, Kevin W. Hickman, Andrea D. Leonard, Donna S. Mastro, Victor C. Roberts, E. Anderson TI Gypsy moth mating disruption in open landscapes SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disparlure; gypsy moth; Lymantria dispar; mating disruption ID LEPIDOPTERA-LYMANTRIIDAE; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; SEXUAL-ACTIVITY; PHEROMONE; ENANTIOMERS; POPULATIONS; DISPARLURE; ELECTROANTENNOGRAM; EFFICACY AB 1 Aerial applications of Disrupt II, a plastic laminated flake formulation containing a racemic form of the gypsy moth sex pheromone, disparlure, achieved > 99% reduction of mating among females on individual, isolated trees surrounded by an area cleared of trees. 2 These results support the use of mating disruption to eradicate isolated gypsy moth populations in open landscapes, such as parks, residential areas and commercial settings. 3 Mating success in both treated and untreated areas varied with the initial distance between males and females. When the initial distance between males and females was < 5 cm in an area receiving a dosage of 37.5 g of racemic disparlure per ha, mating success was reduced by 27% compared with a similar deployment in an untreated area. Mating was eliminated in areas treated at the same dosage when males and females were initially deployed 1 m apart but on separate trees. 4 This suggests that mating disruption may not be an effective tactic for gypsy moth eradication in cases where the infestation is concentrated on a small number of trees and males and females are in close proximity in space and time. C1 [(Tcheslavskaia) Onufrieva, Ksenia S.; Roberts, E. Anderson] Virginia Tech, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Thorpe, Kevin W.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Leonard, Donna S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. [Mastro, Victor C.] USDA, APHIS, Pest Survey Detect & Exclus Lab, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 USA. RP Onufrieva, KS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ktchesla@vt.edu RI Onufrieva, Ksenia/A-4609-2008 OI Onufrieva, Ksenia/0000-0002-8424-850X NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 10 IS 3 BP 175 EP 179 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2008.00375.x PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 324IZ UT WOS:000257513600001 ER PT J AU Steed, BE Wagner, MR AF Steed, Brytten E. Wagner, Michael R. TI Seasonal pheromone response by Ips pini in northern Arizona and western Montana, USA SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bark beetle; competitor; enantio-specificity; pheromone response; pine engraver; predator; seasonal abundance; seasonal behavior ID DRYOCOETES-AFFABER COLEOPTERA; BARK BEETLE PHEROMONES; SAY COLEOPTERA; ENANTIOMERIC COMPOSITION; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; NATURAL ENEMIES; DENDROCTONUS-RUFIPENNIS; CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION; PITYOGENES-KNECHTELI; ENDOCRINE REGULATION AB 1 Populations of Ips pini (Say) in northern Arizona and western Montana, U.S.A., were studied to determine regional pheromone response and to evaluate seasonal shifts in that response. A range of enantiomeric blends of the attractant ipsdienol, alone and in the presence of the synergist lanierone, were tested during spring and summer seasons over several years. 2 Both populations were most attracted to high levels of (R)-(-)-ipsdienol, and lanierone was highly synergistic. 3 A significant seasonal shift in pheromone response between spring and summer seasons was found in both regions in both years. Shifts resulted in a more specific preference for the pheromone treatment of 97% (R)-(-)-ipsdienol with lanierone. 4 Several coleopteran insect associates of I. pini also displayed responses to the ipsdienol and lanierone treatments. Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Trogositidae), Enoclerus sphegeus (F.) (Cleridae) and, to a limited extent, Lasconotus laqueatus (LeConte) (Colydiidae) were attracted to higher proportions of (R)-(-)-ipsdienol with no apparent reaction to the presence of lanierone. Orthotomicus latidens (LeConte) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) was strongly attracted to (S)-(+)-ipsdienol with Enoclerus lecontei (Wolcott) (Cleridae), Pityogenes carinulatus (LeConte) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and Hylurgops porosus (LeConte) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) demonstrating some preferences for the (S)-(+)-enantiomer. However, lanierone was synergistic for E. lecontei and P. carinulatus, inhibitory for O. latidens, and produced no significant reaction for H. porosus. Elacatis sp. (Salpingidae, previously Othniidae) was attracted to the presence of ipsdienol but displayed no preference to the enantiomeric ratios of ipsdienol or the presence of lanierone. C1 [Steed, Brytten E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Wagner, Michael R.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Steed, BE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM bsteed@fs.fed.us NR 80 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 10 IS 3 BP 189 EP 203 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2008.00368.x PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 324IZ UT WOS:000257513600003 ER PT J AU Payero, JO Tarkalson, DD Irmak, S Davison, D Petersen, JL AF Payero, Jose O. Tarkalson, David D. Irmak, Suat Davison, Don Petersen, James L. TI Effect of irrigation amounts applied with subsurface drip irrigation on corn evapotranspiration, yield, water use efficiency, and dry matter production in a semiarid climate SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE subsurface drip irrigation (SDI); corn; maize; deficit irrigation; water stress; water use efficiency; evapotranspiration (ET); harvest index; dry matter; yield response factor (ky) ID WEST-CENTRAL NEBRASKA; ZEA-MAYS-L; LIMITED IRRIGATION; DEFICIT IRRIGATION; HIGH-PLAINS; MANAGEMENT; STRESS; MODEL; FIELD; CALIBRATION AB Quantifying the local crop response to irrigation is important for establishing adequate irrigation management strategies. This study evaluated the effect of irrigation applied with subsurface drip irrigation on field corn (Zea mays L.) evapotranspiration (ETc), yield, water use efficiencies (WUE = yield/ETc, and IWUE = yield/irrigation), and dry matter production in the semiarid climate of west central Nebraska. Eight treatments were imposed with irrigation amounts ranging from 53 to 356 mm in 2005 and from 22 to 226 mm in 2006. A soil water balance approach (based on FAO-56) was used to estimate daily soil water and ETC. Treatments resulted in seasonal ETc of 580-663 mm and 466-656 mm in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Yields among treatments differed by as much as 22% in 2005 and 52% in 2006. In both seasons, irrigation significantly affected yields, which increased with irrigation up to a point where irrigation became excessive. Distinct relationships were obtained each season. Yields increased linearly with seasonal ETc (R-2 = 0.89) and ETc/ETp (R-2 = 0.87) (ETp = ETc with no water stress). The yield response factor (ky), which indicates the relative reduction in yield to relative reduction in ETc, averaged 1.58 over the two seasons. WUE increased non-linearly with seasonal ETC and with yield. WUE was more sensitive to irrigation during the drier 2006 season, compared with 2005. Both seasons, IWUE decreased sharply with irrigation. Irrigation significantly affected dry matter production and partitioning into the different plant components (grain, cob, and stover). On average, the grain accounted for the majority of the above-ground plant dry mass (;approximate to 59%), followed by the stover (approximate to 33%) and the cob (approximate to 8%). The dry mass of the plant and that of each plant component tended to increase with seasonal ETc. The good relationships obtained in the study between crop performance indicators and seasonal ETc demonstrate that accurate estimates of ETC on a daily and seasonal basis can be valuable for making tactical in-season irrigation management decisions and for strategic irrigation planning and management. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Payero, Jose O.] Dept Primary Ind & Fisheries QDPI&F, Queensland Govt, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia. [Tarkalson, David D.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Irmak, Suat] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Davison, Don; Petersen, James L.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. RP Payero, JO (reprint author), Dept Primary Ind & Fisheries QDPI&F, Queensland Govt, 203 Tor St, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia. EM jose.payero@dpi.qld.gov.au RI Payero, Jose/A-7916-2011 FU U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation FX The University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, Lincoln, NE 68583, journal Serial No. 15126. Partial funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation. Names of commercial products are solely provided as information to the reader and do not imply an endorsement or recommendation by the authors or their organizations. NR 40 TC 65 Z9 76 U1 5 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 95 IS 8 BP 895 EP 908 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.02.015 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 337LX UT WOS:000258438700002 ER PT J AU Vadas, PA Owens, LB Sharpley, AN AF Vadas, P. A. Owens, L. B. Sharpley, A. N. TI An empirical model for dissolved phosphorus in runoff from surface-applied fertilizers SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; fertilizer; runoff; model ID PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS; INORGANIC FERTILIZER; AGRICULTURAL LAND; NUTRIENT RUNOFF; POULTRY LITTER; WATER-QUALITY; OVERLAND-FLOW; SOIL; LOSSES; PASTURE AB Dissolved phosphorus (P) in runoff from surface-applied fertilizers can be relatively great, but commonly used, field or watershed-scale computer models often do not simulate direct transfer of fertilizer P to runoff. Using data from our own simulated rainfall experiments and published runoff studies, we developed a simple model to predict fertilizer P release during rain and the concentration of dissolved P in runoff. The model operates on a daily time-step and requires input data on the amount of fertilizer P applied, type of soil cover (bare, residue-covered, grassed), and amount of rain and runoff for each storm during the simulation period. The model applies fertilizer to the soil surface, adsorbs fertilizer P to soil before the first rain, releases P from fertilizer for each rain event, and distributes released fertilizer P between runoff and infiltration based on the runoff to rain ratio. Using data from 11 runoff studies, we validated that our model accurately predicts dissolved P in runoff from surface-applied fertilizers. Validation data represented a series of runoff events for a variety of fertilizer types, soil cover types and subsequent fertilizer P adsorption amounts, storm hydrology conditions (i.e., runoff to rain ratio), and plot or field sizes (0.2 m(2) to 9.6 ha). An analysis showed model predictions can be quite sensitive to rainfall and runoff data. However, the simplicity of our model should make it straightforward to incorporate into more complex P transport models, thus improving their ability to reliably predict P loss to the environment for a variety of agricultural land uses. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vadas, P. A.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Owens, L. B.] USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. [Sharpley, A. N.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Vadas, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM peter.vadas@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 127 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2008.03.001 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 324OO UT WOS:000257528100008 ER PT J AU MacNeil, MD Haferkamp, MR Vermeire, LT Muscha, JM AF MacNeil, M. D. Haferkamp, M. R. Vermeire, L. T. Muscha, J. M. TI Prescribed fire and grazing effects on carbon dynamics in a northern mixed-grass prairie SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE abiotic environmental variation; burning; carbon flux; grazing ID NATIVE TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; GREAT-PLAINS; TEMPERATE GRASSLAND; DIOXIDE FLUXES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; UNITED-STATES; CO2 FLUXES; EXCHANGE; PRODUCTIVITY; ECOSYSTEM AB Rangelands are complex systems that occupy more than 50% of the land area in the world. Carbon cycling on rangelands is generally understood, but details concerning agricultural management practices of prescribed fire and grazing are not well defined. Field experiments were conducted on northern mixed-grass prairie in eastern Montana with undisturbed, burned, and grazed treatments established in 2003. Designated plots were burned during the dormant season (December) in 2003. Grazing occurred in 2004 and 2005, removing 45-50% of then currently available leaf area. Responses were evaluated monthly from April to October of 2004 and 2005. Abiotic measurements included: precipitation, soil water content, photosynthetically active solar radiation, and temperatures of soil and leaves. Biotic responses were: standing crop, leaf area, root mass to a soil depth of 30 cm, and CO2 fluxes above the mixed-grass prairie canopy and bare soil. Moisture available to the northern mixed-grass prairie system at this location was the primary identifiable factor that either directly or indirectly controlled much of the CO2 flux. Treatment effects on seasonal changes in soil water content were consistent across years, with grazed and undisturbed plots being similar. Burned plots had less soil water content than grazed or undisturbed plots in late spring and early summer with soil water content becoming similar across all treatments in late summer and into autumn. Despite differences in soil water content, CO2 fluxes above either burned or undisturbed plots were dynamically similar. However, peak CO2 flux of grazed plots was shifted one month earlier in 2004 and was decreased in 2005, relative to the undisturbed and burned plots, Over the course of this experiment, cumulative CO2 flux on the grazed plots was 72% of that on the burned and undisturbed plots. Depending on conditions during the growing season, C removed from northern mixed-grass prairie rangeland may not be re-sequestered during the growing season immediately post-burning. We conclude that the studied ecosystem is unlikely to sequester considerable C, irrespective of imposed agricultural practices, due to the relatively low CO2 flux and the small magnitude of treatment observed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [MacNeil, M. D.; Haferkamp, M. R.; Vermeire, L. T.; Muscha, J. M.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP MacNeil, MD (reprint author), 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM mike.macneil@ars.usda.gov RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 44 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 127 IS 1-2 BP 66 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.015 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 324OO UT WOS:000257528100009 ER PT J AU Roberts, MJ Key, N AF Roberts, Michael J. Key, Nigel TI Payment limitations amendment passes senate: Nelson co-sponsored amendment restores equity to farm payments SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE farm structure; generalized additive model; agricultural payments; spatial regression ID GOVERNMENT PAYMENTS; FIRM SURVIVAL; SIZE; AGRICULTURE; INVESTMENT; DYNAMICS; PRODUCERS; INDUSTRY; GROWTH; HAZARD AB Over the last twenty years, both crop production and agricultural payments have shifted toward larger operations. This study examines whether payments from federal farm programs contributed to increased concentration of cropland and farmland. Using zip code-level data constructed from the microfiles of the 1987-2002 agriculture censuses we examine the association between government payments per acre and subsequent growth in land concentration. A semiparametric generalized additive model (GAM) controls for location and historical concentration, sales per acre, and ratio of cropland area to zip code area. Findings indicate, both with and without nonparametric controls, government payments are strongly associated with subsequent concentration growth. C1 [Roberts, Michael J.; Key, Nigel] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Roberts, MJ (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 90 IS 3 BP 627 EP 643 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2008.01144.x PG 17 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 314WU UT WOS:000256840700005 ER PT J AU Arnade, C Gopinath, M Pick, D AF Arnade, Carlos Gopinath, Munisamy Pick, Daniel TI Brand inertia in US household cheese consumption SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE brand choice; cheese demand; inertia; purchase probabilities ID PANEL-DATA; VARIETY SEEKING; HABIT FORMATION; SCANNER DATA; MODEL; DEMAND; SPECIFICATION AB To analyze U.S. consumers' brand choices for cheese purchases, we derive a set of discrete-choice models from dynamic utility maximization. ACNielsen Homescan Survey data on U.S. households is used to estimate a dynamic probit model for each of the top brands for cheddar, shredded, and sliced cheese in four U.S. regions. We find that households have strong brand inertia, a result robust across alternative specifications. Predicted probabilities confirm greater inertia in the top brands and consumers are more likely to switch into them. Brand inertia is relatively larger in cheddar and sliced cheese especially in the Central and Southeast regions. C1 [Arnade, Carlos; Pick, Daniel] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Fiber Branch, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Gopinath, Munisamy] Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Arnade, C (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Fiber Branch, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 90 IS 3 BP 813 EP 826 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2008.01176.x PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 314WU UT WOS:000256840700017 ER PT J AU Moshfegh, AJ Rhodes, DG Baer, DJ Murayi, T Clemens, JC Rumpler, WV Paul, DR Sebastian, RS Kuczynski, KJ Ingwersen, LA Staples, RC Cleveland, LE AF Moshfegh, Alanna J. Rhodes, Donna G. Baer, David J. Murayi, Theophile Clemens, John C. Rumpler, William V. Paul, David R. Sebastian, Rhonda S. Kuczynski, Kevin J. Ingwersen, Linda A. Staples, Robert C. Cleveland, Linda E. TI The US Department of Agriculture Automated Multiple-Pass Method reduces bias in the collection of energy intakes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; FOOD-INTAKE; DIETARY-INTAKE; WOMEN; EXPENDITURE; VALIDATION; OBESE; CALORIMETRY; VALIDITY; RECALLS AB Background: The US Department of Agriculture Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM) is used for collecting 24-h dietary recalls in What We Eat In America, the dietary interview component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Because the data have important program and policy applications, it is essential that the validity of the method be tested. Objective: The accuracy of the AMPM was evaluated by comparing reported energy intake (EI) with total energy expenditure (TEE) by using the doubly labeled water (DLW) technique. Design: The 524 volunteers, aged 30-69 y, included an equal number of men and women recruited from the Washington, DC, area. Each subject was dosed with DL Won the first day of the 2-wk study period; three 24-h recalls were collected during the 2-wk period by using the AMPM. The first recall was conducted in person, and subsequent recalls were over the telephone. Results: Overall, the subjects underreported EI by 11% compared with TEE. Normal-weight subjects [body mass index (in kg/m(2)) < 25] underreported EI by <3%. By using a linear mixed model, 95% CIs were determined for the ratio of EI to TEE. Approximately 78% of men and 74% of women were classified as acceptable energy reporters (within 95% CI of EI:TEE). Both the percentage by which energy was underreported and the percentage of subjects classified as low energy reporters (<95% CI of EI:TEE) were highest for subjects classified as obese (body mass index > 30). Conclusions: Although the AMPM accurately reported EIs in normal-weight subjects, research is warranted to enhance its accuracy in overweight and obese persons. C1 [Moshfegh, Alanna J.; Rhodes, Donna G.; Baer, David J.; Murayi, Theophile; Clemens, John C.; Rumpler, William V.; Paul, David R.; Sebastian, Rhonda S.; Kuczynski, Kevin J.; Ingwersen, Linda A.; Staples, Robert C.; Cleveland, Linda E.] ARS, USDA, BHNRC, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Moshfegh, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BHNRC, Food Surveys Res Grp, Bldg 005,Room 102,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM alanna.moshfegh@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture FX Supported by the Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture. NR 43 TC 349 Z9 351 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 88 IS 2 BP 324 EP 332 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 346FY UT WOS:000259055300011 PM 18689367 ER PT J AU Sy, J Gourishankar, A Gordon, WE Griffin, D Zurakowski, D Roth, RM Coss-Bu, J Jefferson, L Heird, W Castillo, L AF Sy, Jama Gourishankar, Anand Gordon, William E. Griffin, Debra Zurakowski, David Roth, Rachel M. Coss-Bu, Jorge Jefferson, Larry Heird, William Castillo, Leticia TI Bicarbonate kinetics and predicted energy expenditure in critically ill children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MECHANICALLY VENTILATED PATIENTS; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; INDIRECT CALORIMETRY; SUBSTRATE OXIDATION; CO2 PRODUCTION; RECOVERY; TRACER; (NAHCO3)-C-13; VALIDATION; METABOLISM AB Background: To determine nutrient requirements by the carbon oxidation techniques, it is necessary to know the fraction of carbon dioxide produced during the oxidative process but not excreted. This fraction has not been described in critically ill children. By measuring the dilution of C-13 infused by metabolically produced carbon dioxide, the rates of carbon dioxide appearance can be estimated. Energy expenditure can be determined by bicarbonate dilution kinetics if the energy equivalents of carbon dioxide (food quotient) from the diet ingested are known. Objective: We conducted a 6-h, primed, continuous tracer infusion of (NaHCO3)-C-13 in critically ill children fed parenterally or enterally or receiving only glucose and electrolytes, to determine bicarbonate fractional recovery, bicarbonate rates of appearance, and energy expenditure. Design: Thirty-one critically ill children aged 1 mo-20 y who were admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit at a tertiary-care center were studied. Patients were stratified by age, BMI, and severity score (PRISM III). Results: Fractional bicarbonate recovery was 0.69, 0.70, and 0.63, respectively, for the parenterally fed, enterally fed, and glucose-electrolytes groups, and it correlated with the severity of disease in the parenteral (P < 0.01) and glucose-electrolytes (P < 0.05) groups. Rates of appearance varied between 0.17 and 0.19 mu mol center dot kg(-1) center dot h(-1) With these data and estimates of the energy equivalents of carbon dioxide (a surrogate for respiratory quotient), energy expenditure was determined. Conclusions: The 2001 World Health Organization and Schofield predictive equations overestimated and underestimated, respectively, energy requirements compared with those obtained by bicarbonate dilution kinetics. Bicarbonate kinetics allows accurate determination of energy needs in critically ill children. C1 [Sy, Jama; Gordon, William E.; Heird, William; Castillo, Leticia] Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Sy, Jama; Gourishankar, Anand; Gordon, William E.; Griffin, Debra; Coss-Bu, Jorge; Jefferson, Larry; Castillo, Leticia] Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Crit Care Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Zurakowski, David] Boston Childrens Hosp, Orthoped Serv, Boston, MA USA. [Roth, Rachel M.] Cleveland Clin, Lerner Coll Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Castillo, L (reprint author), Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Room 805,1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM lcastill@bcm.edu FU Amino Acid Program of the Ajinomoto Company [NIH DK-62363, T32 HD-007445]; USDA/ARS Cooperative [2537387] FX Supported by grants no. NIH DK-62363 and T32 HD-007445, the Amino Acid Program of the Ajinomoto Company, and USDA/ARS Cooperative agreement no. 25337387. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 88 IS 2 BP 340 EP 347 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 346FY UT WOS:000259055300013 PM 18689369 ER PT J AU Shea, MK Dallal, GE Dawson-Hughes, B Ordovas, JM O'Donnell, CJ Gundberg, CM Peterson, JW Booth, SL AF Shea, M. Kyla Dallal, Gerard E. Dawson-Hughes, Bess Ordovas, Jose M. O'Donnell, Christopher J. Gundberg, Caren M. Peterson, James W. Booth, Sarah L. TI Vitamin K, circulating cytokines, and bone mineral density in older men and women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; KAPPA-B LIGAND; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; INFLAMMATORY MARKERS; PHYLLOQUINONE INTAKE; D SUPPLEMENTATION; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; OSTEOPROTEGERIN AB Background: Vitamin K modulates cytokines involved in bone turnover, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and osteoprotegerin in vitro. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess 1) associations between measures of vitamin K status [plasma phylloquinone and serum percentage of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (%ucOC)] and IL-6, osteoprotegerin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and 2) the effect of daily 500 mu g phylloquinone supplementation for 3 y on cytokine concentrations. Design: Concentrations of IL-6, osteoprotegerin, and CRP and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured at baseline and after 3 y of follow-up in 379 healthy men and women (60-81 y; 58.5% women) participating in a randomized trial that studied the effect of vitamin K supplementation on bone loss. Results: Cross-sectionally, plasma phylloquinone was inversely associated with IL-6 and CRP, whereas serum %ucOC was inversely associated with IL-6. Osteoprotegerin was associated positively with plasma phylloquinone and inversely with %ucOC. No differences were observed in the 3-y change in IL-6, osteoprotegerin, and CRP concentrations between participants who received phylloquinone supplementation and those who did not. Overall, no association was observed between the 3-y changes in circulating cytokines and BMD. Conclusions: Poor vitamin K status was associated with high concentrations of cytokines involved in bone turnover, but vitamin K supplementation did not confer a decrease in cytokine concentrations. The healthy status of this cohort may explain a lack of effect of vitamin K supplementation on cytokine concentrations. This trial was registered with www. clinicaltrials. gov as NCT00183001. C1 [Shea, M. Kyla; Dallal, Gerard E.; Dawson-Hughes, Bess; Ordovas, Jose M.; Peterson, James W.; Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [O'Donnell, Christopher J.] NHLBI, NIH, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. [Gundberg, Caren M.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed, New Haven, CT USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sarah.booth@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; National Institutes of Health [AG14759, HL69272, T32 HL69772-01A1]; American Heart Association [0515605T] FX Supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (cooperative agreement 58-1950-7-707), National Institutes of Health (AG14759, HL69272, and T32 HL69772-01A1), and American Heart Association (0515605T). NR 47 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 88 IS 2 BP 356 EP 363 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 346FY UT WOS:000259055300015 PM 18689371 ER PT J AU Fisher, JO Butte, NF Mendoza, PM Wilson, TA Hodges, EA Reidy, KC Deming, D AF Fisher, Jennifer O. Butte, Nancy F. Mendoza, Patricia M. Wilson, Theresa A. Hodges, Eric A. Reidy, Kathleen C. Deming, Denise TI Overestimation of infant and toddler energy intake by 24-h recall compared with weighed food records SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; DIETARY RECALL; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; IN-PERSON; VALIDATION; EXPENDITURE; TELEPHONE; VALIDITY; METHODOLOGY; ACCURACY AB Background: Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls have been used in large surveys of infant and toddler energy intake, but the accuracy of the method for young children is not well documented. Objective: We aimed to determine the accuracy of infant and toddler energy intakes by a single, telephone-administered, multiple-pass 24-h recall as compared with 3-d weighed food records. Design: A within-subjects design was used in which a 24-h recall and 3-d weighed food records were completed within 2 wk by 157 mothers (56 non-Hispanic white, 51 non-Hispanic black, and 50 Hispanic) of 7-11-mo-old infants or 12-24-mo-old toddlers. Child and caregiver anthropometrics, child eating patterns, and caregiver demographics and social desirability were evaluated as correlates of reporting bias. Results: Intakes based on 3-d weighed food records were within 5% of estimated energy requirements. Compared with the 3-d weighed food records, the 24-h recall overestimated energy intake by 13% among infants (740 +/- 154 and 833 +/- 255 kcal, respectively) and by 29% among toddlers (885 +/- 197 and 1140 +/- 299 kcal, respectively). Eating patterns (ie, frequency and location) did not differ appreciably between methods. Macronutrient and micronutrient intakes were higher by 24-h recall than by 3-d weighed food record. Dairy and grains contributed the most energy to the diet and accounted for 74% and 54% of the overestimation seen in infants and toddlers, respectively. Greater overestimation was associated with a greater number of food items reported by the caregiver and lower child weight-for-length z scores. Conclusions: The use of a single, telephone-administered, multiple-pass 24-h recall may significantly overestimate infant or toddler energy and nutrient intakes because of portion size estimation errors. C1 [Fisher, Jennifer O.; Butte, Nancy F.; Mendoza, Patricia M.; Wilson, Theresa A.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 79030 USA. [Hodges, Eric A.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Fisher, JO (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St,Suite 4004, Houston, TX 79030 USA. EM jfisher@bcm.tmc.edu FU US Department of Agriculture Current Research Information System; Gerber Products Company FX Supported by the US Department of Agriculture Current Research Information System and the Gerber Products Company. NR 36 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 88 IS 2 BP 407 EP 415 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 346FY UT WOS:000259055300021 PM 18689377 ER PT J AU Dawson-Hughes, B AF Dawson-Hughes, Bess TI Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and functional outcomes in the elderly SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D SUPPLEMENTATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; BONE LOSS; SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; HIP-FRACTURES; FALLS; OLDER AB The objective of this article was to consider key evidence that treatment of vitamin D insufficiency has measurable clinical benefits for the musculoskeletal system in the elderly. The functional outcomes considered were increased bone mass, decreased rates of bone loss, improved muscle performance, reduced risk of falls, and reduced fracture incidence. Available evidence suggests that the elderly need a mean serum concentration of >= 65 nmol/L of vitamin D to improve muscle performance and reduce the risk of falling and >= 75 nmol/L to reduce the risk of fracture. Many elderly persons in the United States and elsewhere have serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations below these levels. For this reason, supplementation is likely to provide significant benefit to this segment of the population. C1 [Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr Human Nutr, Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM bess.dawson-hughes@tufts.edu FU US Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707] FX Supported by contract 58-1950-7-707 from the US Department of Agriculture. This article does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US government. NR 39 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 88 IS 2 SU S BP 537S EP 540S PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 346GK UT WOS:000259056600010 PM 18689397 ER PT J AU Holden, JM Lemar, LE AF Holden, Joanne M. Lemar, Linda E. TI Assessing vitamin D contents in foods and supplements: challenges and needs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article AB Scientists need specific data on the amounts of vitamin D in foods and dietary supplements to facilitate the assessment of vitamin D dietary intake. This vitamin is available in foods both naturally and from fortification. The Nutrient Data Laboratory of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) is collaborating with vitamin D experts to review and develop methods for analyzing the vitamin D content of foods and to use these methods to analyze the vitamin D content of certain foods and dietary supplements. In this article, we review existing sources of vitamin D data on foods and dietary supplements, describe the USDA's Dietary Supplements Ingredients Database, and discuss the development of the USDA's vitamin D database for foods. In addition, we define the challenges and needs related to providing updated data on the vitamin D content of foods and supplements. After we analyze the vitamin D content of these food samples, we will disseminate the current values in the National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (Internet: http://www.ars.usda.gov/nutrientdata). C1 [Holden, Joanne M.; Lemar, Linda E.] USDA ARS, BHNRC, NDL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Holden, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, BHNRC, NDL, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 005,Room 107, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM joanne.holden@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture; Beverage Health & Wellness Institute; Coca-Cola Company; Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health FX Supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture, the Beverage Health & Wellness Institute, The Coca-Cola Company, and the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 88 IS 2 SU S BP 551S EP 553S PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 346GK UT WOS:000259056600013 PM 18689400 ER PT J AU Byrdwell, WC DeVries, J Exler, J Harnly, JM Holden, JM Holick, MF Hollis, BW Horst, RL Lada, M Lemar, LE Patterson, KY Philips, KM Tarrago-Trani, MT Wolf, WR AF Byrdwell, W. Craig DeVries, Jon Exler, Jacob Harnly, James M. Holden, Joanne M. Holick, Michael F. Hollis, Bruce W. Horst, Ronald L. Lada, Mark Lemar, Linda E. Patterson, Kristine Y. Philips, Katherine M. Tarrago-Trani, Maria T. Wolf, Wayne R. TI Analyzing vitamin D in foods and supplements: methodologic challenges SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article AB This report briefly reviews existing methods for analyzing the vitamin D content of fortified and unfortified foods. The existing chemical methods are similar; all are time consuming, require experienced technicians, and have only been validated for a few materials (eg, dairy products or animal feed materials). This report also describes the lack of standard reference materials with certified values for vitamin D that laboratories need to guarantee the accuracy of existing analytic methods. Recently, the US Department of Agriculture, as part of a project to update the vitamin D values in the National Nutrient Database of Standard Reference, established an analytic methods committee to compare several existing vitamin D methods and to characterize 5 control materials (skim milk, processed cheese, cereal, orange juice, and salmon). Initial relative SDs for the 5 materials ranged from 35% to 50%. Elimination of systematic biases related to the methods and the standards yielded much more satisfactory relative SDs of 7% to 12%. This research has shown that existing methods for analyzing the vitamin D content in foods can produce accurate results. A new, simpler, and faster method, however, would greatly benefit the field. To guarantee accuracy, we need certified reference materials for foods. C1 [Byrdwell, W. Craig; Harnly, James M.; Wolf, Wayne R.] USDA ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Exler, Jacob; Holden, Joanne M.; Lemar, Linda E.; Patterson, Kristine Y.] USDA ARS, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Holick, Michael F.] Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Hollis, Bruce W.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Philips, Katherine M.; Tarrago-Trani, Maria T.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Food Anal Lab, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Philips, Katherine M.; Tarrago-Trani, Maria T.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Control Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Harnly, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Bldg 161,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM james.harnly@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture; Beverage Institute for Health Wellness; Coca-Cola Company; Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health FX Supported by The Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture; the Beverage Institute for Health & Wellness, an affiliate of The Coca-Cola Company; and the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. NR 7 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 88 IS 2 SU S BP 554S EP 557S PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 346GK UT WOS:000259056600014 PM 18689401 ER PT J AU Suttle, J AF Suttle, Jeff TI Symposium introduction: Enhancing the nutritional value of potato tubers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS RRVARC, Sugarbeet & Potato Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Suttle, J (reprint author), USDA ARS RRVARC, Sugarbeet & Potato Res Unit, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Jeff.Suttle@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 85 IS 4 BP 266 EP 266 DI 10.1007/s12230-008-9033-3 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 335TP UT WOS:000258314100006 ER PT J AU Love, SL Pavek, JJ AF Love, S. L. Pavek, J. J. TI Positioning the potato as a primary food source of vitamin C SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 91st Annual Meeting of the Potato-Association-of-America CY AUG 12-16, 2007 CL Idaho Falls, ID SP Potato Assoc Amer, Physiol Sect, Idaho Ctr Potato Res & Educ, Syngenta Seed Care, US Potato Board, USDA ARS DE ascorbic acid; nutrition ID ASCORBIC-ACID CONTENT; DEHYDROASCORBATE REDUCTASE; NUTRIENT COMPOSITION; GROWTH; PLANTS; RETENTION; STABILITY; NUTRITION; STORAGE; TUBERS AB Ascorbic acid, better known as vitamin C, is a crucial nutrient in the human diet. It performs many physiological functions in its primary roles as an electron donor and antioxidant. Vitamin C has been directly linked to collagen formation, iron absorption, cancer prevention, immunomodulation, and maintenance of normal nerve function. It is suspected to decrease the likelihood of strokes, cataracts, hypertension, and lead toxicity. Vitamin C deficiency leads to a condition called scurvy, accompanied by a weakening of blood vessels, bones and connective tissues, hair and tooth loss, joint swelling, and eventually death. Intake of vitamin C is considered inadequate, even among some parts of the population in developed countries where diet is not restricted, but more especially for at-risk populations in developing countries. Potatoes are an important worldwide source of vitamin C, contributing about 20% of the dietary intake in Europe. They are a vital source of vitamin C not only because of relatively high content, but because they can be stored, leading to consistent availability. Any improvement in the vitamin C content of potato products will have a beneficial impact on human nutrition. A three-pronged approach can be used to increase the vitamin C content of potatoes involving breeding, improved crop management, and modification of cooking processes. Breeding has tremendous potential for increasing vitamin C content in tubers as evidenced by research results in studies documenting germplasm variability and inheritance patterns. Management research may define practices that will slow the natural decline that occurs near the end of field growth and storage, a response partially conditioned by plant stress. Research into cooking procedures may help reduce the oxidative and enzymatic degradation of vitamin C that results from exposure to moisture, heat, and air. C1 [Love, S. L.] Univ Idaho, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Pavek, J. J.] USDA ARS, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Love, SL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM slove@uidaho.edu NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 85 IS 4 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1007/s12230-008-9030-6 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 335TP UT WOS:000258314100008 ER PT J AU Brown, CR AF Brown, C. R. TI Breeding for phytonutrient enhancement of potato SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 91st Annual Meeting of the Potato-Association-of-America CY AUG 12-16, 2007 CL Idaho Falls, ID SP Potato Assoc Amer, Physiol Sect, Idaho Ctr Potato Res & Educ, Syngenta Seed Care, US Potato Board, USDA ARS DE anthocyanins; carotenoids; solanum; beta-carotene; group phureja; beta carotene hydroxylase; minerals; iron; zinc; vitamin C; xanthophy; zeaxanthin; lutein; ORAC; diploid; triploid; tetraploid ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; CAROTENOID CONTENT; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; MACULAR DEGENERATION; ANTHOCYANINS; CULTIVARS; ASSAY; INHERITANCE; ABSORPTION AB The potato is a vegetable that develops underground as a stem. It is a propagule in the sense that the potato itself is used as seed for the following crop. As a food it is a rich source of nutrients. All potatoes have carotenoids in the flesh which are xanthophylls. Of greatest interest are lutein and zeaxanthin, components of the human retina that must be obtained from foods for proper eye health. Potatoes grown outside the center of origin in the Andes of South America may contain from 50 to 350 micrograms zeaxanthin equivalents per 100 g FW. Potatoes developed by farmers in the Andes, especially the Papa Amarilla class of cultivars, may contain as much as 2,000 mu g per 100 g FW. Xanthophylls are fat soluble, have half-lives of several days in the human body, and are antioxidants that associate with membranes in the cell. Anthocyanins are radically different compounds conferring red to purple coloration to skin and flesh of potato. Potatoes with color of this type range from 1.5 mg cyanidin equivalents per 100 g FW, in colored skin but non-colored flesh types and up to 40 mg in colored skin, solidly colored flesh types. Potent antioxidants, anthocyanins are water soluble and have a half-life of several hours in the body. Some of the anthocyanins are strong anti-inflammatory agents. Potato is recognized as containing minerals, though never mentioned as a particularly rich source. A survey of advanced breeding lines and varieties at different growing locations indicates that different genotypes display a large range of iron content. Iron is the most problematic mineral from a dietary standpoint. Absorption from food is hindered by phytic acid and polyphenols, which are abundant in small grains and food legumes, while present in minute amounts in potato. The difficulty in absorption is countered further in the presence of vitamin C, which aids iron absorption. Potato is a substantial source of vitamin C and theoretically could be a principal component of a food matrix that provides highly absorbable iron. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM chuck.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 85 IS 4 BP 298 EP 307 DI 10.1007/s12230-008-9028-0 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 335TP UT WOS:000258314100010 ER PT J AU Cosby, AG Neaves, TT Cossman, RE Cossman, JS James, WL Feierabend, N Mirvis, DM Jones, CA Farrigan, T AF Cosby, Arthur G. Neaves, Tonya T. Cossman, Ronald E. Cossman, Jeralynn S. James, Wesley L. Feierabend, Neal Mirvis, David M. Jones, Carol A. Farrigan, Tracey TI Preliminary evidence for an emerging nonmetropolitan mortality penalty in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB We discovered an emerging nonmetropolitan mortality penalty by contrasting 37 years of age-adjusted mortality rates for metropolitan versus nonmetropolitan US counties. During the 1980s, annual metropolitan-nonmetropolitan differences averaged 6.2 excess deaths per 100000 nonmetropolitan population, or approximately 3600 excess deaths; however, by 2000 to 2004, the difference had increased more than 10 times to average 71.7 excess deaths, or approximately 35000 excess deaths. We recommend that research be undertaken to evaluate and utilize our preliminary findings of an emerging US nonmetropolitan mortality penalty. C1 [Cosby, Arthur G.; Neaves, Tonya T.; Cossman, Ronald E.; Cossman, Jeralynn S.; James, Wesley L.; Feierabend, Neal] Mississippi State Univ, Social Sci Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Mirvis, David M.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Jones, Carol A.; Farrigan, Tracey] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Cosby, AG (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Social Sci Res Ctr, POB 5287, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM anhur.cosby@ssminsstate.eda FU PHS HHS [1 D1A RH 00005-01] NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2008 VL 98 IS 8 BP 1470 EP 1472 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2007.123778 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 330KU UT WOS:000257940800026 PM 18556611 ER PT J AU Santin, M Vecino, JAC Fayer, R AF Santin, Monica Vecino, Jesus A. Cortes Fayer, Ronald TI Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in dogs in Bogota, Colombia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTED PATIENTS; INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; FECAL SAMPLES; 1ST DETECTION; PREVALENCE; DIARRHEA; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; IDENTIFICATION AB Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected in dogs in Bogota, Colombia for the first time. Of 120 dogs, 15% were positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Infected dogs ranged from 2 to 14 years of age, and more male than female dogs were infected with E. bieneusi (20% versus 5%). All PCR-positive specimens were sequenced and three genotypes were identified. A dog-specific genotype (PtEbIX) was identified in feces from 16 dogs. For two dogs, the nucleotide sequences obtained were genetically identical to the E. bieneusi Peru 5 and K genotypes previously reported as human pathogens. This is the first time that Peru 5 and K genotypes have been identified in dogs. This study confirms that dogs are infected with both human pathogenic and host-specific genotypes. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nacl Colombia, Parasitol Lab, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Bogota, Colombia. RP Santin, M (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC E,Bldg 173, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM monica-santin-duran@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 79 IS 2 BP 215 EP 217 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 335RD UT WOS:000258306800016 PM 18689627 ER PT J AU Nemeth, NM Oesterle, PT Bowen, RA AF Nemeth, Nicole M. Oesterle, Paul T. Bowen, Richard A. TI Passive immunity to West Nile virus provides limited protection in a common passerine species SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL ANTIBODY TRANSMISSION; OWLS MEGASCOPS-ASIO; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; BIRDS; DOMESTICUS; RATES; YOLK; EGG; IMMUNOGLOBULINS AB Passerine birds have played an important role in the establishment, maintenance, and spread of West Nile virus (WNV) in North America, and some are susceptible to WNV-associated mortality. Characterization of passive transfer of anti-WNV antibodies in passerines is important to understanding transmission and dernographic effects of WNV on wild birds. We showed passively acquired maternal antibodies to WNV in the house sparrow (Passer do"testicus). Although all seropositive females (N = 18) produced antibody-positive egg yolks, only 20% of seropositive mothers (3/15) produced seropositive chicks. The estimated average half-life of maternal antibodies in chick sera was 3 days, and no antibodies were detected after 9 days post-hatch (DPH). Maternal antibodies failed to provide protection against viremia in chicks at 21-25 DPH. Although the observed duration of persistence of passively inherited anti-WNV antibodies in house sparrows differs from some non-passerine birds, it remains unknown whether similar patterns occur in other passerines. C1 [Nemeth, Nicole M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Nemeth, NM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat, 3801 W Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM nnemeth@colostate.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI25489] NR 44 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 79 IS 2 BP 283 EP 290 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 335RD UT WOS:000258306800026 PM 18689637 ER PT J AU Connor, EE Matukumalli, LK Chockalingam, A Bannerman, DD Sonstegard, TS Thomas, ED Van Tassell, CP AF Connor, E. E. Matukumalli, L. K. Chockalingam, A. Bannerman, D. D. Sonstegard, T. S. Thomas, E. D. Van Tassell, C. P. TI Association analysis of bovine bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein gene polymorphisms with somatic cell score in Holstein cattle SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID MASTITIS C1 [Connor, E. E.; Bannerman, D. D.; Sonstegard, T. S.; Thomas, E. D.; Van Tassell, C. P.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Gen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Matukumalli, L. K.] George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Chockalingam, A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Connor, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Gen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM erin.connor@ars.usda.gov OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39 IS 4 BP 456 EP 457 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2008.01737.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 324WH UT WOS:000257549600018 PM 18492132 ER PT J AU Brito, JRF Santos, EMP Arcuri, EF Lange, CC Brito, MAVP Souza, GN Cerqueira, MMPO Beltran, JMS Call, JE Liu, YH Porto-Fett, ACS Luchansky, JB AF Brito, J. Renaldi F. Santos, Emilia M. P. Arcuri, Edna F. Lange, Carla C. Brito, Maria A. V. P. Souza, Guilherme N. Cerqueira, Monica M. P. O. Beltran, J. Marcela Soto Call, Jeffrey E. Liu, Yanhong Porto-Fett, Anna C. S. Luchansky, John B. TI Retail survey of Brazilian milk and minas frescal cheese and a contaminated dairy plant to establish prevalence, relatedness, and sources of Listeria monocytogenes isolates SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MEXICAN-STYLE CHEESE; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; PROCESSING PLANTS; UNITED-STATES; RAW-MILK; SEROVARS; ENVIRONMENTS; CONSUMPTION; SALMONELLA AB A study was designed to recover Listeria monocytogenes from pasteurized milk and Minas frescal cheese (MFC) sampled at retail establishments (REs) and to identify the contamination source(s) of these products in the corresponding dairy processing plant. Fifty milk samples (9 brands) and 55 MFC samples (10 brands) were tested from REs located in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. All milk samples and 45 samples from 9 of 10 MFC brands tested negative for L. monocytogenes; however, "brand F" of MFC obtained from REs 119 and 159 tested positive. Thus, the farm/plant that produced brand F MFC was sampled; ail samples from the milking parlor tested negative for L. monocytogenes, whereas several sites within the processing plant and the MFC samples tested positive. All 344 isolates recovered from retail MFC, plant F MFC, and plant F environmental samples were serotype 1/2a and displayed the same AscI or ApaI fingerprints. Since these results established that the storage coolers served as the contamination source of the MFC, plant F was closed so that corrective renovations could be made. Following renovation, samples from sites that previously tested positive for the pathogen were collected from the processing environment and from MFC on multiple visits; all tested negative for L. monocytogenes. In addition, on subsequent visits to REs 159 and 119, all MFC samples tested negative for the pathogen. Studies are ongoing to quantify the prevalence, levels, and types of L. monocytogenes in MFC and associated processing plants to lessen the likelihood of listeriosis in Brazil. C1 [Brito, J. Renaldi F.] Brazilian Agr Res Corp Embrapa, Beltsville, MD USA. [Brito, J. Renaldi F.; Call, Jeffrey E.; Liu, Yanhong; Porto-Fett, Anna C. S.; Luchansky, John B.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, MFSRU, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Brito, J. Renaldi F.; Santos, Emilia M. P.; Arcuri, Edna F.; Lange, Carla C.; Brito, Maria A. V. P.; Souza, Guilherme N.] EMBRAPA, Dairy Cattle Natl Res Ctr, Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. [Santos, Emilia M. P.; Cerqueira, Monica M. P. O.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Sch Vet, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RP Brito, JRF (reprint author), Rua Olegario Maciel,297-701 Santa Helena, BR-36015 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. EM renaldi.brito57@yahoo.com.br FU CNPq; PRODETAB [047-02/99]; FAPEP41G [2411/05] FX We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the following individuals and organizations who contributed significantly to the initiation or conduct of the project per se and/or the analyses of the resulting data: Rosemary Martinjuk, Brad Shoyer, Ellen Sanders, and John P. Cherry, (USDA/ARS/ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA); Cristobal Chiadez and Jorge Sillier (CIAD, Culiacan, Mexico); Carlos Rodriguez, Airdem Assis, Pedro Arrares, and Gretchen Flanley (USDA/ARS/OIRP, Beltsville, MD); Paulo do Carmo Martins, Pedro Braga Arcuri, Marcos A. S. Silva, Abiah N. I. Abreu, Alessandra P. Sant'Anna, Carolina F. S. Vasconcellos, and Gilmara B. de Paula (Embrapa, Dairy Cattle National Research Center, Juiz de Fora, MG. Brazil); the Minas Gerais State Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Supervision (Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuaria Inspecao e Fiscalizacao de Produtos de Origem Animal IMA-MG); and the Brazilian Council for Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq).; Emilia M. P. Santos is a recipient of the CNPq scholarship. This work was financially supported by PRODETAB (047-02/99) and FAPEP41G (2411/05).; The mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 42 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 74 IS 15 BP 4954 EP 4961 DI 10.1128/AEM.01828-07 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 337ZM UT WOS:000258474400045 PM 18502929 ER PT J AU Hume, ME Scanlan, CM Harvey, RB Andrews, K Snodgrass, JD Nalian, AG Kley, AMV Nisbet, DJ AF Hume, Michael E. Scanlan, Charles M. Harvey, Roger B. Andrews, Kathleen Snodgrass, James D. Nalian, Armen G. Kley, Alexandra Martynova-Van Nisbet, David J. TI Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis as a tool to determine batch similarity of probiotic cultures of porcine cecal bacteria SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION TREATMENT; WEANED PIGS; DIARRHEA; CHICKS AB A continuous-How porcine cecal bacterial culture has been used experimentally as treatment against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in weanling pigs. Periodically, the cultures must be started from frozen stock. Our results indicate that denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis can be applied as an indirect indication of culture similarity for each new batch generated from frozen stock. C1 [Hume, Michael E.; Harvey, Roger B.; Andrews, Kathleen; Snodgrass, James D.; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, USDA, SPARC, FFSRU, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Scanlan, Charles M.] Texas A&M Univ, Texas Vet Med Ctr, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Nalian, Armen G.; Kley, Alexandra Martynova-Van] Stephen F Austin State Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. RP Hume, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SPARC, FFSRU, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM Michael.Hume@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 74 IS 16 BP 5241 EP 5243 DI 10.1128/AEM.02580-07 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 339UF UT WOS:000258602100035 PM 18586972 ER PT J AU Kafle, L Wu, WJ Meer, RKV Shih, CJ AF Kafle, Lekhnath Wu, Wen-Jer Meer, Robert K. Vander Shih, Cheng-Jen TI Simplified approaches to determine the attractant preference of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) SO APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; ant density; foraging area; hotdog; foragers ID IMPORTED FIRE ANTS; COLONY SIZE; BUREN HYMENOPTERA; TERRITORY SIZE; POPULATION AB The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, is an invasive species that has been introduced into the United States and more recently into several countries in the Asian-Pacific region. The foraging dynamics of this pest ant is important in understanding its interactions with native ant species and in devising the most effective toxic bait control methods. In this study the effect of worker density, size of the foraging area, the number of food lures, duration of experiments, and the effect of the queen on foraging activity were investigated under laboratory conditions. The results showed that of the four ant densities investigated (very small, small, medium and high) the medium ant density most consistently had more workers at the food lures than the other ant density situations. The percentage of worker ants at the food lures was negatively correlated with an increase in foraging territory size for all four worker ant densities. Significantly fewer foragers were observed in the foraging areas when a queen was present, then when the queen was absent. In addition, when number of food lures was increased from 1 to 12, the mean number of workers found at the lures was significantly higher when four food lures were present. Furthermore, the number of worker ants observed on the food lures increased for the first 2.5 h and then decreased with time. The study suggests that observations of foraging activity could be restricted to 2.5 h. These data lay the ground work for further studies in optimizing the effectiveness of fire ant bait toxicants. C1 [Kafle, Lekhnath; Wu, Wen-Jer; Shih, Cheng-Jen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Entomol, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Meer, Robert K. Vander] ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Shih, CJ (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Entomol, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM shihej@ntu.edu.tw FU Laboratory of Extension Entomology and Science Education; NTU, Taiwan FX Authors would like to express their special thanks to Laboratory of Extension Entomology and Science Education, NTU, Taiwan for facilities and financial supports. Authors also would like to extend their sincere thank to the members of the National Red Imported Fire Ant Control Center, Taiwan for their cooperation in the collection of fire ant colonies. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU JAPAN SOC APPL ENTOMOL ZOOL PI TOKYO PA 1-43-11 KOMAGOME TOSHIMA-KU, TOKYO, 170, JAPAN SN 0003-6862 J9 APPL ENTOMOL ZOOL JI Appl. Entomol. Zoolog. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 3 BP 383 EP 390 DI 10.1303/aez.2008.383 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 362MX UT WOS:000260202900010 ER PT J AU Chung, S Kong, H Buyer, JS Lakshman, DK Lydon, J Kim, SD Roberts, DP AF Chung, Soohee Kong, Hyesuk Buyer, Jeffrey S. Lakshman, Dilip K. Lydon, John Kim, Sang-Dal Roberts, Daniel P. TI Isolation and partial characterization of Bacillus subtilis ME488 for suppression of soilborne pathogens of cucumber and pepper SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus subtilis; bacilysin; biological control; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.; cucumerinum; iturin; mersacidin; methyl bromide replacement; Phytophthora capsici ID SP RADICIS-CUCUMERINUM; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; PHYTOPHTHORA-CAPSICI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BELL PEPPER; STEM ROT; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; BLIGHT; PLANT AB Environmentally friendly control measures are needed for suppression of soilborne pathogens of vegetable crops in the Republic of Korea. In vitro challenge assays were used to screen approximately 500 bacterial isolates from 20 Korean greenhouse soils for inhibition of diverse plant pathogens. One isolate, Bacillus subtilis ME488, suppressed the growth of 39 of 42 plant pathogens tested. Isolate ME488 also suppressed the disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum on cucumber and Phytophthora capsici on pepper in pot assays. Polymerase chain reaction was used to screen isolate ME488 for genes involved in biosynthesis of 11 antibiotics produced by various isolates of B. subtilis. Amplicons of the expected sizes were detected for bacD and bacAB, ituC and ituD, and mrsA and mrsM involved in the biosynthesis of bacilysin, iturin, and mersacidin, respectively. The identity of these genes was confirmed by DNA sequence analysis of the amplicons. Bacilysin and iturin were detected in culture filtrates from isolate ME488 by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy and by thin layer chromatography, respectively. Detection of mersacidin in ME488 culture filtrates was not attempted. Experiments reported here indicate that B. subtilis ME488 has potential for biological control of pathogens of cucumber and pepper possibly due to the production of antibiotics. C1 [Buyer, Jeffrey S.; Lydon, John; Roberts, Daniel P.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Serv, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Chung, Soohee; Kim, Sang-Dal] Yeungnam Univ, Dept Appl Microbiol, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. [Kong, Hyesuk] FDA, CBER, Lab Methods Dev, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Lakshman, Dilip K.] USDA ARS, Florist & Nursery Plants Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roberts, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Serv, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Bldg 001,Room 140,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dan.roberts@ars.usda.gov OI Buyer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2098-0547 NR 35 TC 65 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 80 IS 1 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1007/s00253-008-1520-4 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 323YY UT WOS:000257485900013 PM 18542950 ER PT J AU Weimer, PJ Stevenson, DM Mertens, DR Thomas, EE AF Weimer, Paul J. Stevenson, David M. Mertens, David R. Thomas, Elvin E. TI Effect of monensin feeding and withdrawal on populations of individual bacterial species in the rumen of lactating dairy cows fed high-starch rations SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rumen; real-time PCR; bacterial populations; dairy cattle; Prevotella; biohydrogenation ID REAL-TIME PCR; MILK-PRODUCTION; BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS; METHANOGENIC BACTERIA; RUMINAL FERMENTATION; FAT; RESISTANCE; DIET; MICROORGANISMS; HYDROGENOSOMES AB Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to quantify 16 procaryotic taxa in the rumina of two lactating dairy cows following supply and subsequent withdrawal of the feed additive monensin (13.9 mg/kg of diet dry matter) in a high-starch, silage-based ration. PCR was conducted on DNA from rumen samples collected 6 h post feeding on two successive days before monensin supplementation, after 30 days of monensin supplementation, and at six weekly intervals after monensin withdrawal. Mean values of relative population size (RPS, the percent of bacterial 16S rRNA copy number) for genus Prevotella increased (P < 0.05) from 41.8% without monensin to 49.2% with monensin and declined to 42.5% after monensin withdrawal. Mean RPS values for two biohydrogenating species (Megasphaera elsdenii and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens) were low (< 0.4%) and declined several-fold in response to monensin. Mean RPS values for the biohydrogenating species Eubacterium ruminantium, four cellulolytic species, four starch- or dextrin-fermenting species, and Domain Archaea were not altered (P > 0.10) upon monensin feeding or withdrawal. The data suggest that monensin in high-starch diets does not suppress populations of classical ruminal Gram-positive bacteria or the availability of H(2), though it may affect bacteria involved in biohydrogenation of lipids that regulate bovine mammary lipogenesis. C1 [Weimer, Paul J.; Stevenson, David M.; Mertens, David R.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Weimer, Paul J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Thomas, Elvin E.] Elanco Anim Hlth Inc, Greenfield, IN 46140 USA. RP Weimer, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Paul.Weimer@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 36 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 80 IS 1 BP 135 EP 145 DI 10.1007/s00253-008-1528-9 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 323YY UT WOS:000257485900015 PM 18535825 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, TJ Osborn, A Davis, M AF Pfeiffer, Timothy J. Osborn, Andrew Davis, Megan TI Particle sieve analysis for determining solids removal efficiency of water treatment components in a recirculating aquaculture system SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE solids removal; recirculation; aquaculture ID SWIRL SEPARATOR; DESIGN; BIOFILTERS AB Recirculating aquaculture systems offer potential finfish production units for small-scale entities as well as large-scale operations. However, the water treatment components of such systems require efficient and proper operation to assure successful production. This study evaluated the solids removal ability of three water treatment components in a two-tank recirculating aquaculture system (28 m(3)) utilized for the warmwater production of tilapia. The components include a swirl separator, a floating plastic bead bioclarifier, and a fluidized sand filter. Sampling was conducted at five different points in the system with each sample volume being serially fractionated through sieves in size ranging from 23 to 500 mu m. Total suspended solids analysis was completed on each sample set to determine the particle size distribution of the influent and effluent water and removal efficiency of each component. The removal efficiency of the swirl separator was over 90% for particles larger than 250 mu m and the propeller-wash bead filter had removal efficiencies greater than 85% for particles larger than 55 mu m. The fluidized sand filter had the best removal for the smaller size particles with over 65% removal efficiency for particles between 23 and 55 mu m. The overall reduction in total suspended solids for the treatment loop of the three components of this small-scale experimental unit was over 85% and adequately removed the suspended solids from the recirculating water for tilapia growout production. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pfeiffer, Timothy J.] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Osborn, Andrew; Davis, Megan] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ctr Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Pfeiffer, TJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 5600 US Highway 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM timothy.pfeiffer@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service FX This research Was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. We thank Kenneth Riley, former Director of Aquaculture Education for the Aquaculture Division at Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at Florida Atlantic University, for the use of the aquaculture educational facilities. The authors also thank USDA/ARS Engineering technician, Mr. Todd Lenger, for his assistance in experimental sampling preparation and collection. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this manuscript publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39 IS 1 BP 24 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2008.05.003 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 344ZJ UT WOS:000258965500004 ER PT J AU Smith, JL Boyer, GL Zimba, PV AF Smith, Juliette L. Boyer, Greg L. Zimba, Paul V. TI A review of cyanobacterial odorous and bioactive metabolites: Impacts and management alternatives in aquaculture SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Review DE microcystins; nodularin; off-flavor; 2-methylisoborneol; geosmin; cylindrospermopsin; anatoxin; paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins; saxitoxins; lipopolysaccharides; dermatoxin; protease inhibitor; cyanobacteria ID BLUE-GREEN-ALGA; CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; TOXIN MICROCYSTIN-LR; CYPRINUS-CARPIO L; ANION TRANSPORTING POLYPEPTIDES; HARE STYLOCHEILUS-LONGICAUDA; PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXINS; FISH OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; FRESH-WATER CYANOBACTERIA; GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE AB Increased demand has pushed extensive aquaculture towards intensively operated production systems, commonly resulting in eutrophic conditions and cyanobacterial blooms. This review summarizes those cyanobacterial secondary metabolites that can cause undesirable tastes and odors (odorous metabolites) or are biochemically active (bioactive metabolites) in marine and freshwater, extensive and intensive aquaculture systems. For the scope of this paper, biochemically active metabolites include (I) toxins that can cause mortality in aquaculture organisms or have the potential to harm consumers via accumulation in the product (hepatotoxins, cytotoxins, neurotoxins, dermatoxins, and brine shrimp/molluskal toxins), (2) metabolites that may degrade the nutritional status of aquaculture species (inhibitors of proteases and grazer deterrents) or (3) metabolites that have the potential to negatively affect the general health of aquaculture species or aquaculture laborers (dermatoxins, irritant toxins, hepatotoxins, cytotoxins). Suggestions are made as to future management practices in intensive and extensive aquaculture and the potential exposure pathways to aquaculture species and human consumers are identified. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Smith, Juliette L.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Boyer, Greg L.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Zimba, Paul V.] ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM jlsmit19@yahoo.com RI Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 FU National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) [FP916725010]; NOAA [NA160P2788] FX We are grateful to Dr. Kimberly Schulz for her extensive review of this manuscript. Much appreciation is also directed towards the three anonymous reviewers. This compilation was funded by a U.S. EPA grant (FP916725010) from the National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program and a grant (NA160P2788) from NOAA's Coastal Oceans Program through their MERHAB Lower Great Lakes project. Although the research described in the article has been funded wholly or in part by the U.S. EPA, it has not been subjected to any EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the US Department of Agriculture and does not imply approval of the product to the exclusion of other products that may be available. NR 240 TC 115 Z9 127 U1 11 U2 140 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 280 IS 1-4 BP 5 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.05.007 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 344ZG UT WOS:000258965200002 ER PT J AU Colt, J Summerfelt, S Pfeiffer, T Fivelstad, S Rust, M AF Colt, John Summerfelt, Steve Pfeiffer, Tim Fivelstad, Sveinung Rust, Michael TI Energy and resource consumption of land-based Atlantic salmon smolt hatcheries in the Pacific Northwest (USA) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE net energy; sustainability; greenhouse gas emissions; energy efficiency ID RAINBOW-TROUT; FRESH-WATER; GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; CULTURE SYSTEMS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ACUTE TOXICITY; REUSE SYSTEMS; FISH-CULTURE; SALAR L.; AQUACULTURE AB This paper evaluates the resource and energy requirements of six different types of land-based, hatchery production systems located in the U.S. Pacific Northwest: flow-through with a gravity water supply, flow-through with a pumped water supply, flow-through with pure oxygen, partial reuse system, partial reuse with heating, and a reuse system for the production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo solar) smolts. Key parameters used in the evaluation include direct energy, indirect energy, transportation energy, greenhouse gas emissions, and pollutant discharges. Power (electricity and natural gas) and feed energy accounted for the majority of the required energy for all the rearing option evaluated. The sum of the fixed capital and chemicals components accounted for less than 2-12% of the total energy budget for any rearing option. The energy efficiency (energy output/energy input) of the six options ranges from 0.97% for flow-through with pumped supply to 3.49% for the flow-through with gravity supply. The rearing options with the three highest energy efficiencies were flow-through with gravity supply (3.49%), partial reuse (2.75%), and reuse (2.64%). On a kg of smolt produced basis, the six rearing options showed a wide range in performance. The reuse system had the lowest water(2 m(3) kg(-1)) and land (0.13 m(2) kg(-1)) requirements and the third lowest total energy requirement (288 MJ kg(-1)). The partial reuse system had the second lowest total power requirement (276 MJ kg(-1)), a low land requirement (0.21 m(2) kg(-1)), and moderate water requirements (33 m(3) kg(-1)). The partial reuse with temperature control had the second highest total power requirement (657 MJ kg(-1)) and land and water requirements similar to the partial reuse system without temperature control. The flow-through system with pumped water supply had the highest water (289 m(3) kg(-1)), land (2.19 m(2) kg(-1)), and energy requirements (786 MJ kg(-1)) of any of the rearing options. By comparison, the flow-through system with gravity water supply had the lowest energy requirement (218 MJ kg(-1)), a moderate land requirement (0.78 m(2) kg(-1)), and a high water requirement (214 m(3) kg(-1)). The ranking of the six rearing options based capital and operating costs are likely to be quite different from those based on energy, water, and greenhouse gas emissions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Colt, John; Rust, Michael] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Summerfelt, Steve] Conservat Funds Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. [Pfeiffer, Tim] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Fivelstad, Sveinung] Bergen Coll, Dept Engn, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. RP Colt, J (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 280 IS 1-4 BP 94 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.05.014 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 344ZG UT WOS:000258965200014 ER PT J AU Friso, S Pizzolo, F Choi, SW Guarini, P Castagna, A Ravagnani, V Carletto, A Pattini, P Corrocher, R Olivieri, O AF Friso, Simonetta Pizzolo, Francesca Choi, Sang-Woon Guarini, Patrizia Castagna, Annalisa Ravagnani, Viviana Carletto, Antonio Pattini, Patrizia Corrocher, Roberto Olivieri, Oliviero TI Epigenetic control of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 gene promoter is related to human hypertension SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE HSD11B2; 11Beta-HSD2; hypertension; epigenetics; DNA methylation; cortisol to cortisone metabolites ratio; THFs/THE ratio; gene expressions; peripheral blood mononuclear cells ID DNA METHYLATION; TYPE-2; ALDOSTERONE; EXPRESSION; CORTISOL AB Background: Lower activity of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11 beta-HSD2) classically induces hypertension by leading to an altered tetrahydrocortisol- versus tetrahydrocortisone-metabolites (THFs/THE) shuttle, Recent cell culture and animal studies suggest a role for promoter methylation, a major epigenetic feature of DNA, in regulation of HSD11B2 expression. Little is known, however, of human HSD11B2 epigenetic control and its relationship with the onset of hypertension. Objective: To explore the possible relevance of HSD11B2 promoter methylation, by examining human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) DNA and urinary THFs/THE ratio as a biochemical indicator of 11beta-HSD2 activity, in blood pressure control. Methods: Twenty-five essential hypertensives and 32 subjects on prednisone therapy were analyzed, the latter to investigate 11beta-HSD2 function in the development of hypertension. Results: Elevated HSD11B2 promoter methylation was associated with hypertension developing in glucocorticoid-treated patients in parallel with a higher urinary THFs/THE ratio. Essential hypertensives with elevated urinary THFs/THE ratio also showed higher HSD11B2 promoter methylation. Conclusions: These results show a clear link between the epigenetic regulation through repression of HSD11B2 in PBMC DNA and hypertension. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Friso, Simonetta; Pizzolo, Francesca; Guarini, Patrizia; Castagna, Annalisa; Pattini, Patrizia; Corrocher, Roberto; Olivieri, Oliviero] Univ Verona, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Sch Med, Policlin GB Rossi, I-37134 Verona, Italy. [Choi, Sang-Woon] Tufts Univ, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ravagnani, Viviana; Carletto, Antonio] Univ Verona, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Rheumatol Unit, Sch Med, I-37100 Verona, Italy. RP Friso, S (reprint author), Univ Verona, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Sch Med, Policlin GB Rossi, LA Scuro 10, I-37134 Verona, Italy. EM simonetta.friso@univr.it FU Cariverona Foundation, Verona, Italy; Ministry of the University and Scientific and Technological Research; Veneto Region Department of Health FX This work was supported by grants from the Cariverona Foundation, Verona, Italy to S. Friso; the Ministry of the University and Scientific and Technological Research and the Veneto Region Department of Health to O. Olivieri. NR 20 TC 83 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD AUG PY 2008 VL 199 IS 2 BP 323 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.11.029 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 342LQ UT WOS:000258786000012 PM 18178212 ER PT J AU Suzuki, N Olson, DH Reilly, EC AF Suzuki, Nobuya Olson, Deanna H. Reilly, Edward C. TI Developing landscape habitat models for rare amphibians with small geographic ranges: a case study of Siskiyou Mountains salamanders in the western USA SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th INTECOL International Wetland Conference CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Utrecht, NETHERLANDS SP Utrecht Univ, Landscape Ecol Grp, Int & Natl Sci Comm DE GIS; habitat suitability; information theoretic; logistic regression; Plethodon stormi; spatial scale ID PLETHODON-ELONGATUS; CALIFORNIA; BIODIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; SELECTION; REGION AB To advance the development of conservation planning for rare species with small geographic ranges, we determined habitat associations of Siskiyou Mountains salamanders (Plethodon stormi) and developed habitat suitability models at fine (10 ha), medium (40 ha), and broad (202 ha) spatial scales using available Geographic Information Systems data and logistic regression analysis with an information theoretic approach. Across spatial scales, there was very little support for models with structural habitat features, such as tree canopy cover and conifer diameter. Model-averaged 95% confidence intervals for regression coefficients and associated odds ratios indicated that the occurrence of Siskiyou Mountains salamanders was positively associated with rocky soils and Pacific madrone (Abutus menziesii) and negatively associated with elevation and white fir (Abies concolor); these associations were consistent across 3 spatial scales. The occurrence of this species also was positively associated with hardwood density at the medium spatial scale. Odds ratios projected that a 10% decrease in white fir abundance would increase the odds of salamander occurrence 3.02-4.47 times, depending on spatial scale. We selected the model with rocky soils, white fir, and Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana) as the best model across 3 spatial scales and created habitat suitability maps for Siskiyou Mountains salamanders by projecting habitat suitability scores across the landscape. Our habitat suitability models and maps are applicable to selection of priority conservation areas for Siskiyou Mountains salamanders, and our approach can be easily adapted to conservation of other rare species in any geographical location. C1 [Suzuki, Nobuya] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Olson, Deanna H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Reilly, Edward C.] USDI Bur Land Management, Medford, OR 97504 USA. RP Suzuki, N (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM nobi.suzuki@oregonstate.edu NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 IS 9 BP 2197 EP 2218 DI 10.1007/s10531-007-9281-4 PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 323ZD UT WOS:000257486400010 ER PT J AU Chen, WL Leopold, RA Harris, MO AF Chen, Wen-Long Leopold, Roger A. Harris, Marion O. TI Cold storage effects on maternal and progeny quality of Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault (Hymenoptera : Mymaridae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE cold storage; parasitoid; Gonatocerus ashmeadi; glassy-winged sharpshooter; progeny quality; demographic parameters ID HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA HEMIPTERA; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; CICADELLIDAE; ACCLIMATION; TEMPERATURE; PUPARIATION; APHIDIINAE; TOLERANCE; HOMOPTERA; EMERGENCE AB This study determined the effects of cold storage on the survival, development and reproduction of the mymarid wasp, Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Following storage of the immature parasitoids within host eggs of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) under a daily fluctuating temperature for up to 50 d, the quality of the parental and F, generations was assessed by examining several reproductive and developmental parameters indicating fitness. Immature wasps were stored for 20 d within the host without reducing their subsequent survival, development or progeny fitness parameters. After 30 d of storage, survival declined, post-storage developmental time was extended, and the fecundity of the adult females decreased. Storage for 40 d severely damaged G. ashmeadi, because it not only yielded a 12% survival rate, 44% female sterility and increased the proportion of progeny males by 155%, but it also reduced parasitism and fecundity by 70% and 73%, respectively. No wasps emerged after 50 d of storage. Cold storage affected the emergence pattern of the parental but not the F-1 and F-2 generations. Parental emergence was extended and the pattern displayed two additional peaks after the initial onset. Analysis of several demographic parameters for the parental and F, generations further confirmed that the quality of the adult parents declined after they had been stored as immatures for 30 d. The detrimental effects caused by cold storage of the parental generation do not extend to the F, generation. Our results indicate that short-term cold storage of G. ashmeadi within its host could be used for maintaining and accumulating these parasitoids during mass propagation for release in a control program. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Leopold, Roger A.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Chen, Wen-Long; Harris, Marion O.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Leopold, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Bldg,POB 5675, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM roger.leopold@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 23 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 122 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.04.007 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 325LP UT WOS:000257590700006 ER PT J AU Pfannenstiel, RS AF Pfannenstiel, Robert S. TI Spider predators of lepidopteran eggs in south Texas field crops SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE nocturnal; cursorial spiders; egg predation ID HELIOTHIS-ZEA BODDIE; NOCTUIDAE EGGS; COTTON; SOYBEANS; BIOLOGY; FLORIDA AB Observations were made of spiders attacking lepidopteran eggs in south Texas field crops (cotton, corn, and soybean) from 2001 to 2004. Twelve species of spider from seven families were observed feeding on the eggs during the 4 years. These spiders were primarily cursorial hunting spiders, and they were observed feeding on eggs most frequently in cotton, representing 26.6% of all observations in cotton over the 4 years. Spider predation on eggs was proportionally less frequent in corn and soybean with 6.3% and 15.4% of observed predation in those crops, respectively. Four species of spider were responsible for 86.1% of the predation by spiders. The anyphacnid Hibana futilis (Banks) was the spider most frequently observed feeding on lepidopteran eggs during the 4 years of this study, constituting 45.1% of all spiders observed. Grammonota texana Banks (Linyphiidae), Hibana arunda Platnick (Anyphaenidae), and Cheiracanthium inclusum (Hentz) (Miturgidae) were the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th most frequently observed spiders constituting 15.6%, 12.8%, and 11.7% of all spiders observed, respectively. Most spiders represented taxa that are known to forage without a web. However, G. texana was observed feeding on eggs independent of a web, which is uncharacteristic of linyphiids. Other cursorial hunting spiders feeding on eggs included members of the Clubionidae, Corrinnidae, and Salticidae. Ninety-eight percent of all observations of egg predation by spiders were nocturnal; only the Salticidae were diurnal. It is likely that previous studies of predation in crops have vastly underestimated the importance of spiders as predators of lepidopteran eggs due to inadequate evaluation of nocturnal predation. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Pfannenstiel, Robert S.] USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Pfannenstiel, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM rpfannenstiel@weslaco.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 202 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.03.011 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 325LP UT WOS:000257590700016 ER PT J AU Jin, XX Streett, DA Dunlap, CA Lyn, ME AF Jin, Xixuan Streett, Douglas A. Dunlap, Christopher A. Lyn, Margaret E. TI Application of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) number to optimize a compatible non-ionic surfactant for dried aerial conidia of Beauveria bassiana SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; hydrophilic-lipophilic balance; surfactants; polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether; biological control; Lygus lineolaris; Tween 80; Triton X-100; Span 80 ID IMPORTED FIRE ANT; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII; FRANKLINIELLA-OCCIDENTALIS; TRIATOMA-INFESTANS; LYGUS-LINEOLARIS; PATHOGENICITY; COLEOPTERA AB The bydropbilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) number system was used to optimize a compatible non-ionic surfactant, TDA (polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether) in formulations for two Beauveria bassiana strains, NI8 and GHA. The optimal HLB number for TDA was determined on the basis of wetting times for conidial powders. The results indicated that optimal HLB number of TDA for B. bassiana strain NI8 was 8, while the optimum HLB number for strain GHA was 10. The optimized TDA surfactants required significantly less wetting times than the commonly used laboratory surfactants, Triton X-100, Span 80, and Tween 80. These optimized TDA surfactants were further characterized on their ability to produce conidial suspensions of the two strains after 5 min of mixing, TDA HLB 8 and TDA HLB 10 produced suspensions of 1.8 x 10(8) and 1.6 x 10(8) conidia/ml for NI8 and GHA, respectively. These conidial levels were significantly higher than those in Triton X-100, Span 80, and Tween 80 suspensions after the same mixing time. Germination assays showed that TDA HLB 8 promoted significantly higher germination rates of strain NI8 than those observed in other commonly used laboratory surfactants. However, the germination rates of the GHA strain were unaffected by any of the surfactants tested. The efficacy of the conidial suspensions was confirmed with assays against Lygus lineolaris. Bioassay results indicated that there were no significant differences in mortalities because of surfactants. These results suggest optimization based upon HLB number will not negatively impact parameters associated with efficacy, while providing desirable physical properties. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Jin, Xixuan; Streett, Douglas A.; Lyn, Margaret E.] USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Natl Biol Control Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Dunlap, Christopher A.] USDA ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Lyn, Margaret E.] USDA ARS, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Jin, XX (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Natl Biol Control Lab, Mid S Area,59 Lee Rd,POB 67, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM xixuan.jin@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 226 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.03.008 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 325LP UT WOS:000257590700019 ER PT J AU Schroer, S Pemberton, RW Cook, LG Kondo, T Gullan, PJ AF Schroer, S. Pemberton, R. W. Cook, L. G. Kondo, T. Gullan, P. J. TI The genetic diversity, relationships, and potential for biological control of the lobate lac scale, Paratachardina pseudolobata Kondo & Gullan (Hemiptera : Coccoidea : Kerriidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE native range; invasive; Cytochrome oxidase I; nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rRNA, 28S); parasitism; encyrtidae ID HOST ACCEPTANCE TRIALS; GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN; RIBOSOMAL DNA; HYMENOPTERA; INSECTS; FLORIDA; PEST; STERNORRHYNCHA; PHYLOGENY; SEQUENCES AB The lobate lac scale Paratachardina pseudolobata Kondo & Gullan (Kerriidae) is a polyphagous pest of woody plants in Florida (U.S.A.) the Bahamas, Christmas Island (Australia) and it has been reported from Cuba. Its recent appearance as a pest in these places indicates that this scale is introduced; however, its native range is unknown. Until 2006, this pest species was identified mistakenly as Paratachardina lobata (Chamberlin) [now P. silvestri (Mahdihassan)], which is native to India and Sri Lanka. Quarantine laboratory acceptance trials with Indian P. silvestri parasitoids indicated a strong immune response from P. pseudolobata. Gregarious development of encyrtid wasps was the only observed parasitism, but parasitization levels were below 3%. Identification of the native range of P. pseudolobata would facilitate the search for natural enemies better adapted to the scale. Sequence data from the D2-D3 region of the nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rRNA, 28S) and the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI) distinguished P. pseudolobata from the morphologically similar species P. silvestri and P. mahdihassani Kondo & Gullan, and showed P. pseudolobata to be more closely related to these Indotropical species than to an Australian species of Paratachardina Balachowsky. Paratachardina pseudolobata was genetically uniform throughout its exotic range, consistent with a single geographic origin, although lack of variation in these genes is not unusual for scale insects. Molecular identification of morphologically similar Paratachardina species was possible using the D2-D3 region of 28S, despite its length variation, suggesting that this gene region might be suitable as a non-COI barcoding gene for scale insects. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Schroer, S.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Pemberton, R. W.] USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Agr Res Serv, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33312 USA. [Cook, L. G.] Univ Queensland, Sch Integrat Biol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Kondo, T.; Gullan, P. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Schroer, S (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM Sibylle.Schroer@gmail.com; Robert.Pemberton@ars.usda.gov; l.cook@uq.edu.au; scalebug@gmail.com; pjgullan@ucdavis.edu RI Cook, Lyn/G-7336-2012 OI Cook, Lyn/0000-0002-3172-4920 NR 33 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 256 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.04.009 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 325LP UT WOS:000257590700022 ER PT J AU Cheng, XM Euliss, A Baumgartner, K AF Cheng, Xiaomei Euliss, Amy Baumgartner, Kendra TI Nitrogen capture by grapevine roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from legume cover-crop residues under low rates of mineral fertilization SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE legume residue; Medicago polymorpha; (15)N; soil fertility; Vitis vinifera ID N-15-LABELED NITROGEN; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; ORGANIC MATERIAL; SOIL; TRANSPORT; HYPHAE; PLANT; GROWTH; COLONIZATION; COMMUNITIES AB The influence of mineral fertilization on root uptake and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-mediated (15)N capture from labeled legume (Medicago polymorpha) residue was examined in winegrapes (Vitis vinifera) in the greenhouse, to evaluate compatibility of fertilization with incorporation of cover-crop residue in winegrape production. Plants grown in marginal vineyard soil were either fertilized with 0.25x Hoagland's solution or not. This low fertilization rate represents the deficit management approach typical of winegrape production. Access to residue in a separate compartment was controlled to allow mycorrhizal roots (roots + hyphae), hyphae (hyphae-intact), or neither (hyphae-rotated) to proliferate in the residue by means of mesh core treatments. Leaves were weekly analyzed for (15)N. On day 42, plants were analyzed for (15)N and biomass; roots were examined for intraradical colonization; and soils were analyzed for (15)N, inorganic N, Olsen-P, X-K, and extraradical colonization. As expected, extraradical colonization of soil outside the cores was unaffected by mesh core treatment, while that inside the cores varied significantly. (15)N atom% excess was highest in leaves of roots + hyphae. In comparison, leaf (15)N atom% excess in hyphae-intact was consistently intermediate between roots + hyphae and hyphae-rotated, the latter of which remained unchanged over time. Fertilization stimulated host and fungal growth, based on higher biomass and intraradical colonization of fertilized plants. Fertilization did not affect hyphal or root proliferation in residue but did lower %N derived from residue in leaves and stems by 50%. Our results suggest that even low fertilization rates decrease grapevine N uptake from legume crop residue by both extraradical hyphae and roots. C1 [Euliss, Amy; Baumgartner, Kendra] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cheng, Xiaomei] Mt St Marys Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90049 USA. RP Baumgartner, K (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kbaumgartner@ucdavis.edu NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD AUG PY 2008 VL 44 IS 7 BP 965 EP 973 DI 10.1007/s00374-008-0281-7 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 327FA UT WOS:000257713800007 ER PT J AU Ladisch, M Dale, B Tyner, W Mosier, N Kim, Y Cotta, M Dien, B Blaschek, H Laurenas, E Shanks, B Verkadeg, J Schell, C Petersen, G AF Ladisch, Michael Dale, Bruce Tyner, Wally Mosier, Nathan Kim, Youngmi Cotta, Michael Dien, Bruce Blaschek, Hans Laurenas, Edmund Shanks, Brent Verkadeg, John Schell, Chad Petersen, Gene TI Cellulose conversion in dry grind ethanol plants SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cellulose; ethanol; cellulose pretreatment; cellulases; corn co-products AB The expansion of the dry grind ethanol industry provides a unique opportunity to introduce cellulose conversion technology to existing grain to ethanol plants, while enhancing ethanol yields by up to 14%, and decreasing the volume while increasing protein content of distiller's grains. The technologies required are cellulose pretreatment, enzyme hydrolysis, fermentation, and drying. Laboratory data combined with compositional analysis and process simulations are used to present a comparative analysis of a dry grind process to a process with pretreatment and hydrolysis of cellulose in distiller's grains. The additional processing steps are projected to give it 32%, increase in net present value if process modifications are made to a 100 million gallon/year plant. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ladisch, Michael; Mosier, Nathan; Kim, Youngmi] Purdue Univ, Renewable Resources Engn Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dale, Bruce] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Tyner, Wally] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr Econ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cotta, Michael; Dien, Bruce] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Blaschek, Hans] Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Shanks, Brent] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Verkadeg, John] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Laurenas, Edmund] Genencor, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Schell, Chad; Petersen, Gene] US DOE, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Ladisch, Michael; Mosier, Nathan] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ladisch, M (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Renewable Resources Engn Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM carie@purdue.edu OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 99 IS 12 BP 5157 EP 5159 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.082 PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 300UO UT WOS:000255850900002 PM 18424042 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Mosier, NS Hendrickson, R Ezeji, T Blaschek, H Dien, B Cotta, M Dale, B Ladisch, MR AF Kim, Youngmi Mosier, Nathan S. Hendrickson, Rick Ezeji, Thaddeus Blaschek, Hans Dien, Bruce Cotta, Michael Dale, Bruce Ladisch, Michael R. TI Composition of corn dry-grind ethanol by-products: DDGS, wet cake, and thin stillage SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE analysis of DDGS; compositions; ethanol; dry grind process ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BEIJERINCKII BA101; DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; CONVERSION; SOLUBLES; PRETREATMENT; BUTANOL; STARCH; FEED; ACID AB DDGS and wet distillers' grains are the major co-products of the dry grind ethanol facilities. As they are mainly used as animal feed, a typical compositional analysis of the DDGS and wet distillers' grains mainly focuses on defining the feedstock's nutritional characteristics. With an increasing demand for fuel ethanol, the DDGS and wet distillers' grains are viewed as a potential bridge feedstock for ethanol production from other cellulosic biomass. The introduction of DDGS or wet distillers' grains as an additional feed to the existing dry grind plants for increased ethanol yield requires a different approach to the compositional analysis of the material. Rather than focusing on its nutritional value, this new approach aims at determining more detailed chemical composition, especially on polymeric sugars such as cellulose, starch and xylan, which release fermentable sugars upon enzymatic hydrolysis. In this paper we present it detailed and complete compositional analysis procedure suggested for DDGS and wet distillers' grains, as well as the resulting compositions completed by three different research groups. Polymeric sugars, crude protein, crude oil and ash contents of DDGS and wet distillers' grains were accurately and reproducibly determined by the compositional analysis procedure described in this paper. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Youngmi; Mosier, Nathan S.; Hendrickson, Rick; Ladisch, Michael R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Renewable Resources Engn Lab, Potter Engn Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ezeji, Thaddeus; Blaschek, Hans] Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Blaschek Res Grp, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dien, Bruce; Cotta, Michael] USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Dale, Bruce] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Biomass Convers Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Ladisch, MR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Renewable Resources Engn Lab, Potter Engn Ctr, 500 Cent Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM landisch@purdue.edu RI Ezeji, Thaddeus/D-7171-2015; OI Ezeji, Thaddeus/0000-0002-8384-895X; Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 20 TC 144 Z9 147 U1 3 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 99 IS 12 BP 5165 EP 5176 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.028 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 300UO UT WOS:000255850900004 PM 17988859 ER PT J AU Dien, BS Ximenes, EA O'Bryan, PJ Moniruzzaman, M Li, XL Balan, V Dale, B Cotta, MA AF Dien, Bruce S. Ximenes, Eduardo A. O'Bryan, Patricia J. Moniruzzaman, Mohammed Li, Xin-Liang Balan, Venkatesh Dale, Bruce Cotta, Michael A. TI Enzyme characterization for hydrolysis of AFEX and liquid hot-water pretreated distillers' grains and their conversion to ethanol SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE distillers' grains with solubles; maize; bioethanol; arabinoxylan ID FERULIC ACID RELEASE; MAIZE BRAN; WHEAT ARABINOXYLAN; FERMENTATION RESIDUE; HUMICOLA-INSOLENS; CORN FIBER; DEGRADATION; WALLS; ESTERASES; SYNERGY AB Dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS), a co-product of corn ethanol production, was investigated as a feedstock for additional ethanol production. DDGS was pretreated with liquid hot-water (LHW) and ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) processes. Cellulose was readily converted to glucose from both LHW and AFEX treated DDGS using a mixture of commercial cellulase and beta-glucosidase; however, these enzymes were ineffective at saccharifying the xylan present in the pretreated DDGS. Several commercial enzyme preparations were evaluated in combination with cellulase to saccharify pretreated DDGS xylan and it was found that adding commercial grade (e.g. impure) pectinase and feruloyl esterase (FAE) preparations were effective at releasing arabinose and xylose. The response of sugar yields for pretreated AFEX and LHW DDGS (6 wt%/solids) were determined for different enzyme loadings of FAE and pectinase and modeled as a response surfaces. Arabinose and xylose yields rose with increasing FAE and pectinase enzyme dosages for both pretreated materials. When hydrolyzed at 20 wt%/solids with the same blend of commercial enzymes, the yields were 278 and 261 g sugars (i.e. total of arabinose, xylose, and glucose) per kg of DDGS (dry basis, db) for AFEX and LHW pretreated DDGS, respectively. The pretreated DDGS's were also evaluated for fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 15 wt%/solids. Pretreated DDGS were readily fermented and were converted to ethanol at 89-90% efficiency based upon total glucans; & cerevisiae does not ferment arabinose or xylose. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dien, Bruce S.; O'Bryan, Patricia J.; Li, Xin-Liang; Cotta, Michael A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Ximenes, Eduardo A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Moniruzzaman, Mohammed] Bioenergy Int LLC, Norwell, MA 02061 USA. [Balan, Venkatesh; Dale, Bruce] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Biomass Convers Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Dien, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Bruce.Dien@ars.usda.gov RI Ximenes, Eduardo/G-5323-2013; OI Ximenes, Eduardo/0000-0001-9087-0218; Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 31 TC 95 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 99 IS 12 BP 5216 EP 5225 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.030 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 300UO UT WOS:000255850900008 PM 17996446 ER PT J AU Imam, SH Chiou, BS Woods, D Shey, J Glenn, GM Orts, WJ Narayan, R Avena-Bustillos, RJ McHugh, TH Pantoja, A Bechtel, PJ AF Imam, Syed H. Chiou, Bor-Sen Woods, Delilah Shey, Justin Glenn, Gregory M. Orts, William J. Narayan, Rajnesh Avena-Bustillos, Robert J. McHugh, Tara H. Pantoja, Alberto Bechtel, Peter J. TI STARCH/PULP-FIBER BASED PACKAGING FOAMS AND CAST FILMS CONTAINING ALASKAN FISH BY-PRODUCTS (WASTE) SO BIORESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Fish-waste; Foam; Films; Biobased; Biodegradable; Poly(vinyl alcohol) ID POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL); BAKING PROCESS; DEGRADATION; SALMON AB Baked starch/pulp foams were prepared from formulations containing zero to 25 weight percent of processed Alaskan fish by-products that consisted mostly of salmon heads, pollock heads, and pollock frames (bones and associated remains produced in the filleting operation). Fish by-products thermoformed well along with starch and pulp fiber, and the foam product (panels) exhibited useful mechanical properties. Foams with all three fish by-products, ranging between 10 and 15 wt%, showed the highest flexural modulus (500-770 Mpa). Above 20% fiber content, the modulus dropped considerably in all foam samples. Foam panels with pollock frames had the highest flexural modulus, at about 15% fiber content (770 Mpa). Foams with salmon heads registered the lowest modulus, at 25% concentration. Attempts were also made to cast starch-glycerol-poly (vinyl alcohol) films containing 25% fish by-product (salmon heads). These films showed a tensile strength of 15 Mpa and elongation at break of 78.2%. All foams containing fish by-product degraded well in compost at ambient temperature (24 degrees C), loosing roughly between 75-80% of their weight within 7 weeks. The films degraded at a much higher rate initially. When left in water, foams prepared without fish by-product absorbed water much more quickly and deteriorated faster, whereas, water absorption in foams with fish by-product was initially delayed and/or slowed for about 24 h. After this period, water absorption was rapid. C1 [Imam, Syed H.; Chiou, Bor-Sen; Woods, Delilah; Shey, Justin; Glenn, Gregory M.; Orts, William J.; Narayan, Rajnesh; Avena-Bustillos, Robert J.; McHugh, Tara H.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Pantoja, Alberto; Bechtel, Peter J.] USDA ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Imam, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM simam@pw.usda.gov NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV DEPT WOOD & PAPER SCI PI RALEIGH PA CAMPUS BOX 8005, RALEIGH, NC 27695-8005 USA SN 1930-2126 J9 BIORESOURCES JI BioResources PD AUG PY 2008 VL 3 IS 3 BP 758 EP 773 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 411YK UT WOS:000263690100009 ER PT J AU Oramasionwu, GE Thacher, TD Pam, SD Pettifor, JM Abrams, SA AF Oramasionwu, Gloria E. Thacher, Tom D. Pam, Sunday D. Pettifor, John M. Abrams, Steven A. TI Adaptation of calcium absorption during treatment of nutritional rickets in Nigerian children SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE stable isotopes; Africa; dietary Ca deficiency; intestinal Ca absorption ID STABLE ISOTOPES CA-42; VITAMIN-D; GIRLS; DEFICIENCY; KINETICS AB Nutritional rickets in Nigerian children has been effectively treated with Ca supplementation. High values of Ca absorption efficiency have been observed in untreated children, but whether Ca absorption efficiency changes during treatment with Ca is unknown. Our objective in conducting this study wits to identify the effect of Ca therapy on Ca absorptive efficiency in children with primary Ca-deficient nutritional rickets. Twelve children with radiographically active tickets, 2 to 14 years of age (median 39 months) participated in the study. We assessed dietary Ca intake via dietary recalls, and measured biochemical markers of Ca and vitamin D homeostasis. Fractional Ca absorption was measured using a dual tracer stable isotope method, before and after 2 weeks of treatment with 15.0 mmol elemental Ca daily. Ten children had adequate urine collection for inclusion in the analysis. Usual dietary Ca intake was 4.2 (SD 1.0) mmol/d. The median Ca absorption prior to treatment was 72% (range 52-97%) and decreased significantly to 57% (31-84%) (P=0.004) after 2 weeks Of Supplementation. We conclude that Nigerian children with rickets adapt to Ca Supplementation with a small decrease in Ca absorptive capacity, but retain very high absorptive levels during supplementation. Overall Ca absorption efficiency was comparable with that identified in other populations with low Ca intakes. These data demonstrate that although absorptive capacity is regulated by supplementation, recovery from rickets likely occurs through efficient use of both dietary and supplemental Ca. C1 [Oramasionwu, Gloria E.; Abrams, Steven A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Oramasionwu, Gloria E.; Abrams, Steven A.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Thacher, Tom D.] Univ Jos, Teaching Hosp, Dept Family Med, Jos, Nigeria. [Pam, Sunday D.] Univ Jos, Dept Paediat, Jos, Nigeria. [Pettifor, John M.] Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Paediat, MRC Mineral Metab Res Unit, ZA-2013 Bertsham, South Africa. [Pettifor, John M.] Chris Hani Baragwanath Hosp, ZA-2013 Bertsham, South Africa. RP Thacher, TD (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Family Med, 200 1st SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM thacher.thacher@mayo.edu RI Thacher, Tom/B-3356-2009; Pettifor, John/D-5943-2012; OI Pettifor, John/0000-0003-1155-0334; Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 100 IS 2 BP 387 EP 392 DI 10.1017/S0007114507901233 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 330OF UT WOS:000257952000021 PM 18197991 ER PT J AU Bhargava, A Jolliffe, D Howard, LL AF Bhargava, Alok Jolliffe, Dean Howard, Larry L. TI Socio-economic, behavioural and environmental factors predicted body weights and household food insecurity scores in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE anthropometric measures; children; food insecurity; longitudinal data; poverty ID RANDOM-EFFECTS MODELS; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; CHILDREN; OVERWEIGHT; OBESITY; AGE; HEIGHT; HEALTH; INCOME; WOMEN AB Recent increases in obesity prevalence among children in developed countries are of policy concern. While significant positive associations between households' food insecurity status and body weights have been reported for adults, it is known from the energy physiology literature that energy requirements depend on BMR, anthropometric measures and physical activity. It is therefore important to model the bi-directional relationships between body weights and households' food insecurity scores especially for children that have evolving nutrient and energy requirements. The present paper estimated dynamic random effects models for children's body weights and BMI, and households' food insecurity scores using longitudinal data on 7635 children in the USA enrolled in 1st, 3rd and 5th grades (1999-2003) of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten. The main findings were, first, physical exercise and numbers of siblings were significantly (P<0.05) negatively associated with body weights, while households' food insecurity score was not a significant predictor. Moreover, children's body weights were significantly lower in households with higher parental education and incomes; time spent watching television and in non-parental care were positively associated with weights. Second, models for households' food insecurity scores showed that poverty and respondents' poor emotional and physical health significantly increased food insecurity. Moreover, households with children who were taller and heavier for their ages faced significantly higher food insecurity levels. Overall, the results showed that household food insecurity was unlikely to exacerbate child obesity in the USA and it is important that children receive balanced school meals and per-form higher physical activity. C1 [Bhargava, Alok; Howard, Larry L.] Univ Houston, Dept Econ, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Jolliffe, Dean] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Bhargava, A (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Econ, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM Bhargava@uh.edu RI Howard, Larry/A-2361-2011 OI Howard, Larry/0000-0003-4670-3839 NR 35 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 14 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 100 IS 2 BP 438 EP 444 DI 10.1017/S0007114508894366 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 330OF UT WOS:000257952000028 PM 18275621 ER PT J AU Wyckhuys, KAG Stone, L Desneux, N Hoelmer, KA Hopper, KR Heimpel, GE AF Wyckhuys, K. A. G. Stone, L. Desneux, N. Hoelmer, K. A. Hopper, K. R. Heimpel, G. E. TI Parasitism of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines by Binodoxys communis: the role of aphid defensive behaviour and parasitoid reproductive performance SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biological control; host quality; host selection; koinobiont parasitoids; fitness; life history; phoresy ID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES HYMENOPTERA; MONOCTONUS-PAULENSIS HYMENOPTERA; APHELINUS-ASYCHIS HYMENOPTERA; HOST-INSTAR SELECTION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PEA APHIDS; OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOR; EPHEDRUS-CALIFORNICUS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM AB The Asian parasitoid, Binodoxys communis (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), is a candidate for release against the exotic soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in North America. In this study, we examined preferences by B. communis for the different developmental stages of A. glycines and investigated consequences of these preferences for parasitoid fitness. We also determined to what extent aphid defensive behaviours mediate such preferences. We found that B. communis readily attacks and successfully develops in the different A. glycines developmental stages. Binodoxys communis development time gradually increased with aphid developmental stage, and wasps took longest to develop in alates. An average (+/- SE) of 54.01 +/- 0.08% of parasitized A. glycines alatoid nymphs transformed into winged adult aphids prior to mummification. No-choice assays showed a higher proportion of successful attacks for immature apterous A. glycines nymphs compared to adults and alatoid nymphs. Also, choice trials indicated avoidance and lower attack and oviposition of adults and alatoid nymphs. The different aphid stages exhibited a range of defensive behaviours, including body raising, kicking and body rotation. These defenses were employed most effectively by larger aphids. We discuss implications for the potential establishment, spread and biological control efficacy of A. glycines by B. communis in the event that it is released in North America. C1 [Wyckhuys, K. A. G.] Univ Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Hort Res Ctr, Chia, Cundinamarca, Colombia. [Desneux, N.; Heimpel, G. E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Stone, L.] St Olaf Coll, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. [Hoelmer, K. A.; Hopper, K. R.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insect Introduct Res Unit, Newark, DC USA. RP Wyckhuys, KAG (reprint author), Univ Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Hort Res Ctr, Chia, Cundinamarca, Colombia. EM kwyckhuys@hotmail.com RI Desneux, Nicolas/J-6262-2013 FU USDA-RAMP; North Central Soybean Research Council; Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank Zeynep Sezen for helpful comments that improved the quality of the manuscript, and Jo Barta, Jon Malespy and Erika Commers for help with parasitoid and aphid colony maintenance. This work was funded in part by the multi-state USDA-RAMP project, in part by the North Central Soybean Research Council and in part by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 68 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 24 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 98 IS 4 BP 361 EP 370 DI 10.1017/S000748530800566X PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 348TT UT WOS:000259233700005 PM 18294416 ER PT J AU Araujo, RA Guedes, RNC Oliveira, MGA Ferreira, GH AF Araujo, R. A. Guedes, R. N. C. Oliveira, M. G. A. Ferreira, G. H. TI Enhanced activity of carbohydrate- and lipid-metabolizing enzymes in insecticide-resistant populations of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE insecticide resistance; amylase; lipase; trehalase; fitness cost; cost mitigation ID SUSCEPTIBLE POPULATIONS; MOTSCHULSKY COLEOPTERA; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; BRAZILIAN POPULATIONS; GEOGRAPHICAL STRAINS; CURCULIONIDAE; AMYLASE; ORYZAE; COCKROACH; MIDGUTS AB Insecticide resistance is frequently associated with fitness disadvantages in the absence of insecticides. However, intense past selection with insecticides may allow the evolution of fitness modifier alleles that mitigate the cost of insecticide resistance and their consequent fitness disadvantages. Populations of Sitophilus zeamais with different levels of susceptibility to insecticides show differences in the accumulation and mobilization of energy reserves. These differences may allow S. zeamais to better withstand toxic compounds without reducing the beetles' reproductive fitness. Enzymatic assays with carbohydrate- and lipid-metabolizing enzymes were, therefore, carried out to test this hypothesis. Activity levels of trehalase, glycogen phosphorylase, lipase, glycosidase and amylase were determined in two insecticide-resistant populations showing (resistant cost) or not showing (resistant no-cost) associated fitness cost, and in an insecticide-susceptible population. Respirometry bioassays were also carried out with these weevil populations. The resistant no-cost population showed significantly higher body mass and respiration rate than the other two populations, which were similar. No significant differences in glycogen phosphorylase and glycosidase were observed among the populations. Among the enzymes studied, trehalase and lipase showed higher activity in the resistant cost population. The results obtained in the assays with amylase also indicate significant differences in activity among the populations, but with higher activity in the resistant no-cost population. The inverse activity trends of lipases and amylases in both resistant populations, one showing fitness disadvantage without insecticide exposure and the other not showing it, may underlay the mitigation of insecticide resistance physiological costs observed in the resistant no-cost population. The higher amylase activity observed in the resistant no-cost population may favor energy storage, preventing potential trade-offs between insecticide resistance mechanisms and basic physiological processes in this Population, unlike what seems to take place in the resistant cost population. C1 [Araujo, R. A.; Guedes, R. N. C.; Ferreira, G. H.] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Biol Anim, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. [Araujo, R. A.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Biol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Guedes, R. N. C.] USDA, Biol Res Unit, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Oliveira, M. G. A.] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol, Inst Biotecnol Aplicada Agropecuaria BIOAGRO, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. RP Guedes, RNC (reprint author), Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Biol Anim, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. EM guedes@ufv.br FU Minas Gerais State Agency for Research Aid (FAPEMIG); National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) FX The financial support, provided by the Minas Gerais State Agency for Research Aid (FAPEMIG) and the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Was greatly appreciated. The provision of technical grade permethrin by Syngenta was also greatly appreciated. The thoughtful comments and suggestions provided by the editor and two anonymous referees were appreciated, as well as the editing of the manuscript by Dr J.E. Throne. NR 46 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 98 IS 4 BP 417 EP 424 DI 10.1017/S0007485308005737 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 348TT UT WOS:000259233700011 PM 18279568 ER PT J AU Krauth, DM Bouldin, JL Green, VS Wren, PS Baker, WH AF Krauth, D. M. Bouldin, J. L. Green, V. S. Wren, P. S. Baker, W. H. TI Evaluation of a polyacrylamide soil additive to reduce agricultural-associated contamination SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agricultural runoff; polyacrylamide; acute toxicity; water quality ID FURROW EROSION; WATER-QUALITY; IRRIGATION; INFILTRATION; POLYMERS; LOSSES; PAM AB Polyacrylamide is an effective water treatment product used to reduce suspended sediment and associated contaminants. An anionic polyacrylamide-containing product was tested for sediment and associated contaminant reduction and potential toxicity in agricultural irrigation and rainfall runoff. The product effectively reduced turbidity, total suspended solids, and phosphate concentrations in the field when compared to the untreated runoff waters. Acute survival of Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pimephales promelas was not decreased compared to laboratory controls. No significant increases in toxicity were measured in 10-d sediment toxicity tests with Chironomus dilutus. Product applications were effective in controlling sediment and nutrient contamination without increasing measured toxicity. C1 [Bouldin, J. L.; Wren, P. S.] Arkansas State Univ, Environm Sci Program, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Krauth, D. M.] San Jose City Coll, San Jose, CA 95128 USA. [Green, V. S.] Arkansas State Univ, Environm Sci Program, Coll Agr, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Baker, W. H.] Foreign Agr Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Bouldin, JL (reprint author), Arkansas State Univ, Environm Sci Program, POB 847, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. EM jbouldin@astate.edu NR 30 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 81 IS 2 BP 116 EP 123 DI 10.1007/s00128-008-9448-z PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 322IF UT WOS:000257367700002 PM 18463774 ER PT J AU Sherrill, KR Lefsky, MA Bradford, JB Ryan, MG AF Sherrill, K. R. Lefsky, M. A. Bradford, J. B. Ryan, M. G. TI Forest structure estimation and pattern exploration from discrete-return lidar in subalpine forests of the central Rockies SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LASER SCANNER DATA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; QUANTILE ESTIMATORS; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; CANOPY STRUCTURE; STAND STRUCTURE; PINE FORESTS; FIR FOREST; AIRBORNE; TRANSFORMATION AB This study evaluates the relative ability of simple light detection and ranging (lidar) indices (i.e., mean and maximum heights) and statistically derived canonical correlation analysis (CCA) variables attained from discrete-return lidar to estimate forest structure and forest biomass variables for three temperate subalpine forest sites. Both lidar and CCA explanatory variables performed well with lidar models having slightly higher explained variance and lower root mean square error. Adjusted R(2) values were 0.93 and 0.93 for mean height, 0.74 and 0.73 for leaf area index, and 0.93 and 0.85 for all carbon in live biomass for the lidar and CCA explanatory regression models, respectively. The CCA results indicate that the primary source of variability in canopy structure is related to forest height, biomass, and total leaf area, and the second most important source of variability is related to the amount of midstory foliage and tree density. When stand age is graphed as a function of individual plot scores for canonicals one and two, there is a clear relationship with stand age and the development of stand structure. Lidar-derived biomass and related estimates developed in this work will be used to parameterize decision-support tools for analysis of carbon cycle impacts as part of the North American Carbon Program. C1 [Sherrill, K. R.; Lefsky, M. A.] Colorado State Univ, Ctr Ecol Applicat Lidar, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bradford, J. B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Ryan, M. G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Sherrill, KR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ctr Ecol Applicat Lidar, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sherrill@cnr.colostate.edu RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Lefsky, Michael/A-7224-2009; Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 12 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 2081 EP 2096 DI 10.1139/X08-059 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 332PD UT WOS:000258094000001 ER PT J AU Ford, CR Mitchell, RJ Teskey, RO AF Ford, Chelcy R. Mitchell, Robert J. Teskey, Robert O. TI Water table depth affects productivity, water use, and the response to nitrogen addition in a savanna system SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC LIFT; LONGLEAF PINE; LEAF-AREA; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; WIREGRASS SAVANNAS; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; LOBLOLLY-PINE; TREES; GRASSLAND; PATTERNS AB We investigated annual aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and transpiration (E) of the dominant plant life forms, longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) trees and wiregrass (Aristida stricta Michx.), in a fire-maintained savanna. Experimental plots spanned a natural hydrologic gradient (xeric and mesic site types) mediated by soil moisture (theta) and water table depth (WTD), and received additions of either 0 or 100akg N center dot ha(-1 center dot)year(-1). Low rates of ANPP (1.3-2.2 Mg center dot ha(-1)) and annual E (108-380amm) were observed in these communities. WTD and N addition explained 95% of the variation in community ANPP, whereas site type and WTD explained 83% of variation in community E. Between tree and grass life forms, longleaf pine ANPP was more coupled to WTD than wiregrass. For any given leaf area supported, ANPP of longleaf pine increased linearly with increasing water use and decreasing WTD. The longleaf pine ANPP response to N addition was greater in sites with high water use compared with those with low water use, indicating that this savanna system is colimited by nutrient and water availability and that water table depth plays a role in regulating savanna productivity. C1 [Ford, Chelcy R.; Teskey, Robert O.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ford, Chelcy R.; Mitchell, Robert J.] Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 39870 USA. RP Ford, CR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM crford@fs.fed.us OI Miniat, Chelcy/0000-0002-3266-9783 NR 46 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 29 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 2118 EP 2127 DI 10.1139/X08-061 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 332PD UT WOS:000258094000004 ER PT J AU Potter, KM Frampton, J Josserand, SA Nelson, CD AF Potter, Kevin M. Frampton, John Josserand, Sedley A. Nelson, C. Dana TI Genetic variation and population structure in Fraser fir (Abies fraseri): a microsatellite assessment of young trees SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; UNITED-STATES; NULL ALLELES; ICE AGES; DIVERSITY; PINACEAE; MARKERS; RARE; DIFFERENTIATION AB The island-like populations of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) have been isolated since the end of the late-Wisconsinian glaciation on the highest peaks of the Southern Appalachian Mountains and therefore offer an opportunity to investigate the genetic dynamics of a long-fragmented forest tree species. An analysis of eight microsatellite markers isolated from Fraser fir found that the species was out of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, with a significant deficiency of heterozygosity and a high degree of inbreeding (F(IS) = 0.223) relative to other conifers, perhaps associated in part with the young life stage of the trees included in the analysis. The analysis detected a significant but small amount of genetic differentiation among Fraser fir populations (F(ST) = 0.004) and revealed that the geographical and latitudinal distances between populations, but not population area, were significantly correlated with their pairwise genetic differences. Both gene flow and postglacial migration history may have influenced the genetic architecture of the species. The results will be useful in the genetic conservation of Fraser fir, a species experiencing severe mortality following infestation by an exotic insect. C1 [Potter, Kevin M.; Frampton, John] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Josserand, Sedley A.; Nelson, C. Dana] US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, USDA, So Res Stn, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Potter, KM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kpotter@ncsu.edu OI Potter, Kevin/0000-0002-7330-5345 NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 2128 EP 2137 DI 10.1139/X08-064 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 332PD UT WOS:000258094000005 ER PT J AU Ludovici, KH AF Ludovici, Kim H. TI Compacting Coastal Plain soils changes midrotation loblolly pine allometry by reducing root biomass SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER REMOVAL; FOREST; PRODUCTIVITY; NITROGEN; GROWTH; RESPONSES; SITES AB Factorial combinations of soil compaction and organic matter removal were replicated at the Long Term Site Productivity study in the Croatan National Forest, near New Bern, North Carolina, USA. Ten years after planting, 18 preselected loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees were destructively harvested to quantify treatment effects on total above- and below-ground tree biomass and to detect any changes in the absolute and relative allocation patterns. Stem volume at year 10 was not affected by compaction treatments, even though the ultisols on these sites continued to have higher bulk densities than noncompacted plots. However, even when site preparation treatments were undetectable aboveground, the treatments significantly altered absolute root growth and tree biomass allocation patterns. Soil compaction decreased taproot production and significantly increased the ratio of aboveground to belowground biomass. Decreased root production will decrease carbon and nutrient stores belowground, which may impact future site productivity. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, SE Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Ludovici, KH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, SE Res Stn, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kludovici@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 2169 EP 2176 DI 10.1139/X08-060 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 332PD UT WOS:000258094000009 ER PT J AU Czarnomski, NM Dreher, DM Snyder, KU Jones, JA Swanson, FJ AF Czarnomski, Nicole M. Dreher, David M. Snyder, Kai U. Jones, Julia A. Swanson, Frederick J. TI Dynamics of wood in stream networks of the western Cascades Range, Oregon SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; HEADWATER STREAMS; FLUVIAL PROCESSES; MOUNTAIN STREAM; DEBRIS FLOWS; COAST RANGE; OLD-GROWTH; CHANNEL; USA; DISTURBANCE AB We develop and test a conceptual model of wood dynamics in stream networks that considers legacies of forest management practices, floods, and debris flows. We combine an observational study of wood in 25akm of 2nd- through 5th-order streams in a steep, forested watershed of the western Cascade Range of Oregon with whole-network studies of forest cutting, roads, and geomorphic processes over the preceding 50ayears. Statistical and simple mass balance analyses show that natural process and forest management effects on wood input, transport processes, and decomposition account for observed patterns of wood in the stream network. Forest practices reduced wood amounts throughout the network; in headwater streams these effects are fixed in stream segments bordered by cuts and roads, but in larger channels they are diffused along the channel by fluvial transport of wood. Landforms and roads limited delivery of wood by debris flows to mainstem channels. Network dynamics studies and watershed management plans should include spatial patterns of debris flow initiation and runout, flood redistribution, and reduction of wood in the network by forest cutting and intentional wood removal from channels on time scales of forest succession and recurrence of major floods. C1 [Czarnomski, Nicole M.; Jones, Julia A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dreher, David M.; Snyder, Kai U.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Swanson, Frederick J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Czarnomski, NM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM czarnomn@geo.oregonstate.edu NR 59 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 2236 EP 2248 DI 10.1139/X08-068 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 332PD UT WOS:000258094000015 ER PT J AU Borders, BE Harrison, WM Clutter, ML Shiver, BD Souter, RA AF Borders, B. E. Harrison, W. M. Clutter, M. L. Shiver, B. D. Souter, R. A. TI The value of timber inventory information for management planning SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PLUS-LOSS ANALYSES; FORESTRY; MODELS AB Timber inventory data is the basis for many monetary transactions related to timber and timberland sale and (or) purchase as well as for development of timber management plans. The value of such data is well known and much appreciated for sale and (or) purchase of standing merchantable timber. Unfortunately, the value of timber inventory data for planning purposes is less well understood. We report on the results of a large simulation study that was undertaken to evaluate the utility and value of timber inventory data for timber management plan development for a typical timberland ownership in the southern United States. Our results indicate that timberland managers are likely producing management plans that do not maximize the profitability of their timberland holdings. Specifically, our results indicate it is likely that timber management organizations that develop timber management plans with stand level data that has a sampling error of 25% are experiencing expected losses in net present value in excess of 170 US$center dot ha(-1) on a large proportion of the acreage found on typical timberland parcels in the southern United States. C1 [Borders, B. E.; Harrison, W. M.; Clutter, M. L.; Shiver, B. D.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Souter, R. A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Borders, BE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM borders@warnell.uga.edu NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 2287 EP 2294 DI 10.1139/X08-075 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 332PD UT WOS:000258094000019 ER PT J AU Mech, LD Paul, WJ AF Mech, L. David Paul, William J. TI Wolf body mass cline across Minnesota related to taxonomy? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN WOLVES; GRAY WOLF; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; HISTORY AB Recent genetic studies suggest that in northern Minnesota two species of wolves (Canis lupus L., 1758 or western wolf and Canis lycaon Schreber, 1775 (= Canis rufus Audubon and Bachman, 1851) or eastern wolf) meet and hybridize. However, little morphological information is available about these two types of wolves in Minnesota. We analyzed the mass of 950 female wolves and 1006 males older than 1 year from across northern Minnesota and found that it increased from 26.30 +/- 0.56 kg (mean +/- SE) for females and 30.60 +/- 0.72 kg for males in northeastern Minnesota to 30.01 +/- 0.43kg for females and 35.94 +/- 0.45 kg for males in northwestern Minnesota (females: r(2) = 0.79, P < 0.02; males: r(2) = 0.63, P = 0.06). These mass differences add morphological information to the identities of eastern and western wolves and support the view that ranges of the two species meet in Minnesota. C1 [Mech, L. David] US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Resources Discipline, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. [Paul, William J.] USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Raptor Ctr, 1920 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM david_mech@usgs.gov FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; US National Biological Survey; US Geological Survey; US Department of Agriculture; US Forest Service and Wildlife Services; Superior National Forest FX This study was supported by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the US National Biological Survey, the US Geological Survey, the US Department of Agriculture (US Forest Service and Wildlife Services), and the Superior National Forest. We thank M.E. Nelson, J.P. Hart, and numerous volunteers and technicians for assisting with the capture and handling of the study animals. R.M. Nowak and J.P. Hart reviewed the manuscript and offered helpful suggestions for improvement. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 86 IS 8 BP 933 EP 936 DI 10.1139/Z08-068 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 348EB UT WOS:000259192700018 ER PT J AU Felix, Z Wang, Y Czech, H Schweitzer, CJ AF Felix, Zachary Wang, Yong Czech, Helen Schweitzer, Callie J. TI Abundance of juvenile eastern box turtles relative to canopy cover in managed forest stands in Alabama SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Between 2002 and 2005, we used drift fences and artificial pools to sample juvenile eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina) in northeastern Alabama in forest stands experimentally treated to retain various amounts of overstory trees-clear-cuts and those with 25%-50% and 75%-100% of trees retained. We captured juvenile turtles only in clear-cut and 25%-50% retention plots; microhabitats in these plots are characterized by a combination of abundant vegetative ground cover and leaf litter. C1 [Felix, Zachary; Wang, Yong] Alabama A&M Univ, Ctr Forestry & Ecol, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Czech, Helen] SUNY Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY USA. [Schweitzer, Callie J.] Alabama A&M Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RP Felix, Z (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Ctr Forestry & Ecol, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM zachfelix@hotmail.com; yong.wang@aamu.edu; czechha@hotmail.com; cschweitzer@fs.fed.us FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX We would like to thank all who helped in the field, including D. Lamfrom, C. Smith, and I. Guenther. The research described in this paper has been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Greater Research Opportunities Program. The EPA has not officially endorsed this publication, and the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of the EPA. This manuscript was improved thanks to the comments of Alison Hamilton Jennings, Steve Mullin, and C. Kenneth Dodd. Thanks also to Mead for application of treatments and access to lands and to the Alabama Department of Conservation of Natural Resources and Stevenson Lands Company for access to their lands. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 128 EP 130 DI 10.2744/CCB-0674.1 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 339WU UT WOS:000258608800021 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL Parrotta, CD Slawecki, R Li, QX Ikonomou, MG Barcelo, D Lacorte, S Rubio, FM AF Shelver, Weilin L. Parrotta, Carmen D. Slawecki, Richard Li, Qing X. Ikonomou, Michael G. Barcelo, Damia Lacorte, Silvia Rubio, Fernando M. TI Development of a magnetic particle immunoassay for polybrominated diphenyl ethers and application to environmental and food matrices SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE analysis; ELISA; magnetic particle; PBDEs ID FLAME RETARDANTS; PBDE MIXTURE; IN-VITRO; POLLUTANTS; TOXICOLOGY; DE-71; WATER; FISH AB A sensitive magnetic particle enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was developed to analyze polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in water, milk, fish, and soil samples. The assay was rapid and can be used to analyze fifty samples in about 1 h after sample cleanup. The assay has a limit of detection (LOD) below 0.1 ppb towards the following brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) congeners: BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-28, BDE-100, and BDE-153, with the LOD approximately the same as GC-NCI-MS. The congeners most readily recognized in the ELISA were BDE-47 and BDE-99 with the cross-reactivitys of BDE-28, BDE-100, and BDE-153 being less than 15% relative to BDE-47. As anticipated, the sensitivities are proportional to the similarities between the hapten structure and the BIDE congener structure. Some oxygenated congeners with structural similarity to the hapten showed high to moderate cross-reactivities. Very low cross-reactivity was observed for other PBDEs or chlorinated environmental contaminants. The assay gave good recoveries of PBDEs from spiked water samples and a very small within and between day variance. Comparison with GC-NCI-MS demonstrated the ELISA method showed equivalent precision and sensitivity, with better recovery. The lower recovery of the GC-NCI-MS method could be caused by the use of an internal standard other than an isotopically substituted material that could not be used because of the fragmentation pattern observed by this method. The cleanup methods prior to ELISA were matrix dependent, no pretreatment was needed for environmental water samples, while fish, milk, and soil samples required various degrees of cleanup. Analysis of this wide variety of environmental samples by both ELISA and GC-MS demonstrated ELISA provides a timely and cost-effective method to screen for PBDEs in a variety of samples. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shelver, Weilin L.] Biosci Res Lab, USDA ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Parrotta, Carmen D.; Slawecki, Richard; Rubio, Fernando M.] Abraxis LLC, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. [Li, Qing X.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ikonomou, Michael G.] Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ocean Sci Div, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Barcelo, Damia; Lacorte, Silvia] IIQAB CSIC, Dept Environm Chem, Barcelona 08034, Spain. RP Shelver, WL (reprint author), Biosci Res Lab, USDA ARS, POB 5674, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM shelverw@fargo.ars.usda.gov; frubio@abraxiskits.com RI lacorte, silvia/M-5649-2014; OI lacorte, silvia/0000-0001-7192-4057; Barcelo, Damia/0000-0002-8873-0491 FU USDA Trust Fund Cooperative [58-5442-5-409]; Ministry of Education and Science [CTM2005-07402-C02-01/TECNO]; European Union under the Global Change and Ecosystems; Water Cycle and Soil Related Aspects [505428] FX The authors would like to thank Amy McGarvey for technical assistance; Kristine McDonald and jean Picard for GC-MS soil sample cleanup; Margaret Lorentzsen for soil GC-HRMS analysis; and Drs. Janice Huwe and Gerald Larsen for manuscript review. This research project was partially funded by USDA Trust Fund Cooperative Agreement number 58-5442-5-409, the Ministry of Education and Science (project CTM2005-07402-C02-01/TECNO), and the European Union under the Global Change and Ecosystems (EP6) Water Cycle and Soil Related Aspects (Aqua Terra, Project number 505428 GOCE). This work reflects only authors' views and the European Community and the United State Department of Agriculture are not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2008 VL 73 IS 1 SU S SI SI BP S18 EP S23 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.01.088 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 350NJ UT WOS:000259359100005 PM 18471861 ER PT J AU Smith, KE Schwab, AP Banks, MK AF Smith, K. E. Schwab, A. P. Banks, M. K. TI Dissipation of PAHs in saturated, dredged sediments: A field trial SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE bioremediation; petroleum; PAHs; microorganisms; sediments; plants; phytoremediation ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AGED PETROLEUM SLUDGE; SOIL-WATER; CONTAMINATED SOILS; TALL FESCUE; RHIZOSPHERE; PHYTOREMEDIATION; BIODEGRADATION; PHENANTHRENE; DEGRADATION AB Sediments dredged from navigable rivers often contain elevated concentrations of recalcitrant, potentially toxic organic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The presence of these compounds often requires that the sediments be stored in fully contained disposal facilities. A 3-year field study was conducted at the Jones Island disposal facility in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to compare bioremediation of PAHs in contaminated dredged sediments in the absence of plants to phytoremediation with Salix nigra (black willow) (SX61), Spartina pectinata (prairie cord grass), Carex aquatalis (lake sedge), Lolium multiflorum (annual rye), and Scirpus fluviatilis (bulrush). Nine PAHs were detected initially in the sediments. Over the 3-year experiment, acenaphthene dissipation ranged from 94% to 100%, whereas anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene and indo[1,2,3-cd]pyrene generally had modest decreases in concentration (0-30% decrease). The remaining five PAHs ranged in degree of disappearance from 23% to 82%. Planted treatments did not enhance PAH dissipation relative to those without plants, but treatments with high biomass yield and high transpiration plant species had significantly less removal of PAHs than unplanted controls. Significant, negative correlations between nitrogen removal and decreases in PAH concentration suggest that competition for nutrients between plants and microorganisms may have impeded the microbial degradation of PAHs in the rhizosphere of the more rapidly growing plant species. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schwab, A. P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Smith, K. E.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. [Banks, M. K.] Purdue Univ, Dept Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Schwab, AP (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM pschwab@purdue.edu OI Schwab, Arthur/0000-0002-0702-6823 NR 49 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2008 VL 72 IS 10 BP 1614 EP 1619 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.03.020 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 347UH UT WOS:000259166200032 PM 18547603 ER PT J AU Dao, TH Hoang, KQ AF Dao, Thanh H. Hoang, Khanh Q. TI Dephosphorylation and quantification of organic phosphorus in poultry litter by purified phytic-acid high affinity Aspergillus phosphohydrolases SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE extracellular enzymes; enzymatic dephosphorylation; poultry litter; phytate; phosphorus; waste management ID BIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS; DAIRY MANURE; WASTE-WATER; PHYTASE; SOIL; NIGER; FERMENTATION; PURIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; HYDROLYSIS AB Extracellular phosphohydrolases mediate the dephosphorylation of phosphoesters and influence bioavailability and loss of agricultural P to the environment to pose risks of impairment of sensitive aquatic ecosystems. Induction and culture of five strains of Aspergillus were conducted to develop a source of high-affinity and robust phosphohydrolases for detecting environmental P and quantifying bioactive P pools in heterogeneous environmental specimens. Enzyme stability and activity against organic P in poultry litter were evaluated in 71 samples collected across poultry producing regions of Arkansas, Maryland, and Oklahoma of the US Differences existed in strains' adaptability to fermentation medium as they showed a wide range of phytate-degrading activity. Phosphohydrolases from Aspergillus ficuum had highest activity when the strain was cultured on a primarily chemical medium, compared to Aspergillus oryzae which preferred a wheat bran-based organic medium. Kinetics parameters of A. ficuum enzymes (K-m = 210 mu M ; V-max of 407 nmol s(-1)) indicated phytic acid-degrading potential equivalent to that of commercial preparations. Purified A. ficuum phosphohydrolases effectively quantified litter bioactive P pools, showing that organic P occurred at an average of 54 (+/- 14)% of total P, compared to inorganic phosphates, which averaged 41 (+/- 12)%. Litter management and land application options must consider the high water-extractable and organic P concentrations and the biological availability of the organic enzyme-labile P pool. Robustness of A. ficuum enzymes and simplicity of the in situ ligand-based enzyme assay may thus increase routine assessment of litter bioactive P composition to sense for on-farm accumulation of such environmentally-sensitive P forms. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dao, Thanh H.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & ByProd Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hoang, Khanh Q.] Viet Nam Acad Sci & Technol, Inst Trop Biol, Appl Microbiol Lab, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. RP Dao, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & ByProd Utilizat Lab, BARC E,Bldg 306 Power Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM thanh.dao@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-FAS [60-1265-6004] FX The authors sincerely acknowledged the technical assistance of G. Stone in the conduct of this study. The partial financial support provided by USDA-FAS under Agreement 60-1265-6004 to support Dr. K.Q. Hoang's sabbatical in Beltsville, MD is sincerely acknowledged. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2008 VL 72 IS 11 BP 1782 EP 1787 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.04.048 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 344BV UT WOS:000258901300024 PM 18555509 ER PT J AU Sattler, C Labbe, N Harper, D Elder, T Rials, T AF Sattler, Clinton Labbe, Nicole Harper, David Elder, Thomas Rials, Timothy TI Effects of hot water extraction on physical and chemical characteristics of oriented strand board (OSB) wood flakes SO CLEAN-SOIL AIR WATER LA English DT Article DE hemicellulose; oriented strand board; renewable biomass; value prior to processing ID LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; LACTIC-ACID; BIOREFINERY; ETHANOL; HYDROLYSIS; FUEL AB Research has already shown that extraction of valuable hemicellulose-rich streams is a viable option for revenue generation in the pulp and paper industries. Applying this value prior to pulping concept to the composite panel industry is a natural extension. If an extraction of hemicellulose is accomplished under the right conditions, a non-trivial amount of chemicals can be generated while leaving the woody substrate structurally intact for production to traditional products, such as oriented strand board (OSB). This research studied the effects of hemicellulose removal by hot water extraction on softwood OSB wood flakes and focused on changes that occurred in the physical and chemical properties of the wood flakes and liquid hydrolysates during extraction. Three reaction temperatures (120, 140, 160 degrees C) and three isothermal hold times (20, 40, 60 min) were investigated. Results indicated that the extraction of hemicellulose in quantifiable levels begins at 120 degrees C and 40 min and cellulose extraction begins at 140 degrees C, 40 min. The level of extraction of lignocellulosic materials, the decrease of wood flake thickness, and the acidity of the recovered hydrolysates all increase with increases in extraction severity. The most promising results in regards to industrial implementation of hemicellulose extraction occur at a temperature of 140 degrees C. C1 [Sattler, Clinton; Labbe, Nicole; Harper, David; Rials, Timothy] Univ Tennessee, Tennessee Forest Prod Ctr, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Elder, Thomas] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA USA. RP Labbe, N (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Tennessee Forest Prod Ctr, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, 2506 Jacob Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM nlabbe@mail.ag.utk.edu OI Harper, David/0000-0003-2783-5406 FU US Department of Agriculture; CSREES Wood Utilization Research [063415817585] FX This research was funded by the US Department of Agriculture, CSREES Wood Utilization Research, Contract # 063415817585. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1863-0650 J9 CLEAN-SOIL AIR WATER JI Clean-Soil Air Water PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 8 BP 674 EP 681 DI 10.1002/clen.200800051 PG 8 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 340HI UT WOS:000258636300016 ER PT J AU Dailey, OD Prevost, NT Strahan, GD AF Dailey, Oliver D., Jr. Prevost, Nicolette T. Strahan, Gary D. TI Synthesis and characterization of branched-chain derivatives of methyll olleate SO CLEAN-SOIL AIR WATER LA English DT Article DE branched-chain fatty acids; Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC); low-temperature properties; NMR; organocuprate reagents ID ALTERNATIVE DIESEL FUELS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; VEGETABLE-OILS; ESTERS; TEMPERATURE; ESTOLIDES; REAGENTS; ACID; BIODIESEL; ALKENES AB Oleic acid is one of the most abundant fatty acid components of the triglycerides in many vegetable oils, such as cottonseed oil. As part of a project to develop new and expanded uses of oilseed products and by-products (such as biodiesel, fuel additives, and lubricants), studies were conducted on the synthetic conversion of oleic acid (in ester form) to branched-chain fatty acid esters. In these studies, methyl oleate was brominated in the allylic position and subsequently treated with organocuprate reagents to produce novel branched-chain derivatives (ethyl, n-butyl, n-hexyl, phenyl). Details of the syntheses, characterization (GC/MS and NMR), and the properties of the products (with emphasis on low-temperature properties) are discussed. Several of the synthesized products exhibited significantly lower re-crystallization temperatures in comparison with methyl oleate and may prove useful as additives to biodiesel for use at low temperatures. C1 [Dailey, Oliver D., Jr.; Prevost, Nicolette T.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Strahan, Gary D.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Dailey, OD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Oliver.Dailey@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1863-0650 J9 CLEAN-SOIL AIR WATER JI Clean-Soil Air Water PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 8 BP 687 EP 693 DI 10.1002/clen.200800058 PG 7 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 340HI UT WOS:000258636300018 ER PT J AU Doll, KM Sharma, BK Erhan, SZ AF Doll, Kenneth M. Sharma, Brajendra K. Erhan, Sevim Z. TI Friction reducing properties and stability of epoxidized oleochemicals SO CLEAN-SOIL AIR WATER LA English DT Article DE bio-based lubricant; epoxidized methyl oleate; epoxidized soybean oil; lubricant additive; oxidative stability ID BOUNDARY LUBRICATION COEFFICIENT; LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; OIL-BASED LUBRICANTS; ACID METHYL-ESTERS; SOYBEAN OIL; VEGETABLE-OIL; ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR; OXIDATION-KINETICS; GREEN CHEMISTRY; FATTY ESTERS AB The properties of epoxidized oleochemical methyl esters were studied. Epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized methyl oleate, epoxidized methyl linoleate, and epoxidized methyl linolenate were compared with each other and with similar series of unmodified olefins. Several interesting, trends were uncovered including: epoxidation of olefinic materials improves their oxidative stability, epoxidation of oleochemicals increases their adsorption to metal surfaces, and epoxidation has a deleterious effect on the pour point and viscosity index of the oleochemicals. In addition, a simple qualitative method where lubrication performance can be compared by examination of wear scars generated by ball-on-disk friction measurement under a simple optical microscope is reported. C1 [Doll, Kenneth M.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sharma, Brajendra K.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Doll, KM (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Unit, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Kenneth.Doll@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1863-0650 J9 CLEAN-SOIL AIR WATER JI Clean-Soil Air Water PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 8 BP 700 EP 705 DI 10.1002/clen.200800063 PG 6 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 340HI UT WOS:000258636300020 ER PT J AU Tharakan, JF Yu, YM Zurakowski, D Roth, RM Young, VR Castillo, L AF Tharakan, John F. Yu, Yong M. Zurakowski, David Roth, Rachel M. Young, Vernon R. Castillo, Leticia TI Adaptation to a long term (4 weeks) arginine- and precursor (glutamate, proline and aspartate)-free diet SO CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE arginine; metabolism; stable isotopes; synthesis; oxidation ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHESIS; AMINO-ACID; WHOLE-BODY; INTRAVENOUS TRACER; PLASMA ARGININE; METABOLISM; OXIDATION; KINETICS; LEUCINE; PROTEIN AB Background & aims: It is not known whether arginine homeostasis is negatively affected by a "long term" dietary restriction of arginine and its major precursors in healthy adults. To assess the effects of a 4-week arginine- and precursor-free dietary intake on the regulatory mechanisms of arginine homeostasis in healthy subjects. Methods: Ten healthy adults received a complete amino acid diet for 1 week (control diet) and following a break period, six subjects received a 4-week arginine, proline, glutamate and aspartate-free diet (APF diet). The other four subjects continued for 4 weeks with the complete diet. On days 4 and 7 of the first week and days 25 and 28 of the 4-week period, the subjects received 24-h infusions of arginine, citrulline, leucine and urea tracers. Results: During the 4-week APF, plasma arginine fluxes for the fed state, were significantly reduced. There were no significant differences for citrulline, leucine or urea fluxes. Arginine de novo synthesis was not affected by the APF intake. However, arginine oxidation was significantly decreased. Conclusions: In healthy adults, homeostasis of arginine under a tong term arginine- and precursor-free intake is achieved by decreasing catabolic rates, while de novo arginine synthesis is maintained. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved. C1 [Castillo, Leticia] USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Tharakan, John F.; Young, Vernon R.] MIT, Human Nutr Lab, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Tharakan, John F.; Young, Vernon R.] MIT, Clin Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Yu, Yong M.; Young, Vernon R.] Shriners Burn Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Zurakowski, David; Roth, Rachel M.] Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Castillo, Leticia] Texas Childrens Hosp, Crit Care Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Castillo, L (reprint author), USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Room 805,1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM lcastill@BCM.edu FU NIH [DK 62363, DK 15856, DK 40561]; 3ARP-amino acid program; Ajinomoto and USDA/AIRS Cooperative agreement [25337387] FX J.F. Tharakan and L. Castillo carried out the human phase of the experiments. Y.-M. Yu supervised the analysis of the samples for isotopic determinations and A.M. Ajami provided guidance and assistance in the mass spectrometric methods. D. Zurakowski assisted us in the statistical evaluation of the data, R.M. Roth contributed to summarizing, calculating the data and revising the manuscript. V.R. Young and L. Castillo wrote the initial draft of the manuscript and managed the overall project. This study was financially supported by grants NIH DK 62363, DK 15856, DK 40561. 3ARP-amino acid program, Ajinomoto and USDA/AIRS Cooperative agreement 25337387. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0261-5614 J9 CLIN NUTR JI Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 513 EP 522 DI 10.1016/j.clnu.2008.04.014 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 356PS UT WOS:000259790700005 PM 18590940 ER PT J AU Merkel, WH Kaushika, RM Gorman, E AF Merkel, William H. Kaushika, Ravichandran M. Gorman, Eddy TI NRCS GeoHydro - A GIS interface for hydrologic modeling SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE NRCS GeoHydro; GIS; watershed delineation; runoff curve number; time of concentration (T-c); WinTR-20 AB The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has developed NRCS GcoHydro 9x, a new ArcGIS application, to complement the WinTR-20 application and assist USDA field staff, and other government, private, and foreign organizations. WinTR-20 is a storm event hydrologic model used to evaluate impacts of structural and land treatment measures. NRCS GcoHydro 9x, using geographic information systems (GIS) tools and techniques, performs hydrologic modeling on a drainage area to compute its catchments, drainage points, drainage lines, slope, runoff curve number, longest flow path, time of concentration (T-c), and cross-section details. The application acts as a GIS interface to WinTR-20 by exporting the results of GIS analyses of the drainage area in the input format of WinTR-20. NRCS GeoHydro 9x reinforces the idea that GIS tools and techniques enhance productivity by doing preliminary hydrologic analysis of the drainage area in an objective and accurate manner in a relatively short duration. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kaushika, Ravichandran M.; Gorman, Eddy] NRCS, USDA, Ft Worth, TX 76115 USA. [Merkel, William H.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Kaushika, RM (reprint author), NRCS, USDA, 501 W Felix St,Bldg 23, Ft Worth, TX 76115 USA. EM ravi.kaushika@ftw.usda.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 34 IS 8 BP 918 EP 930 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2007.05.020 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 317JZ UT WOS:000257017400005 ER PT J AU Bonnot, TW Rumble, MA Millspaugh, JJ AF Bonnot, Thomas W. Rumble, Mark A. Millspaugh, Joshua J. TI NEST SUCCESS OF BLACK-BACKED WOODPECKERS IN FORESTS WITH MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE OUTBREAKS IN THE BLACK HILLS, SOUTH DAKOTA SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Black Hills; Black-backed Woodpecker; logistic exposure; mountain pine beetle; nest success; nest survival; Picoides arcticus ID BIRDS; PREDATION; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; WILDFIRE; FIRE; SITE; TIME AB Black-backed Woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus) are burned-forest specialists that rely on beetles (Coleoptera) for food. In the Black Hills, South Dakota, standing dead forests resulting from mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreaks offer food resources for Black-backed Woodpeckers, in addition to providing habitat similar to burned forest. However, data on reproductive rates in these habitats are lacking. We estimated nest success and evaluated factors affecting nest survival of Black-backed Woodpeckers in beetle-killed forests in the Black Hills in 2004 and 2005. Nest success was 78% (n = 12) in 2004 and 44% (n = 31) in 2005. Fledging rates per pair were 2.0 +/- 0.3 SE (n = 12) and 1.4 +/- 0.3 SE (n = 28) in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Our results showed that temporal effects (e.g., age, date, and year) had the greatest influence on nest survival. Nest age was the most important predictor of daily nest survival; survival was higher in older nests. Nest survival was also lower later in the breeding season. The difference in nest success between the two years requires further study; however, nest success of Black-backed Woodpeckers in beetle-killed forests in the Black Hills was within the range of nest success within postfire habitats in this area. In the Black Hills, forests experiencing beetle outbreaks offer available habitat for Black-backed Woodpeckers. C1 [Bonnot, Thomas W.; Millspaugh, Joshua J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Rumble, Mark A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Millspaugh, JJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM MillspaughJ@missouri.edu FU USDA Forest Service; Rocky Mountain Research Station and the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences; University of Missouri, Columbia; South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks [04-CO-11221609-254] FX Thanks to H. Powell, F. R. Thompson III, M. J. Linit, B. E. Washburn, and one anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on and contributions to this manuscript. Funding and support for this study were provided by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station and the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia. We thank S. Deisch and D. Backlund, with the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, for funding assistance and support of our research (agreement 04-CO-11221609-254). NR 52 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 11 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2008 VL 110 IS 3 BP 450 EP 457 DI 10.1525/cond.2008.8460 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 369ZI UT WOS:000260732000005 ER PT J AU Reidy, JL Stake, MM Thompson, FR AF Reidy, Jennifer L. Stake, Mike M. Thompson, Frank R., III TI GOLDEN-CHEEKED WARBLER NEST MORTALITY AND PREDATORS IN URBAN AND RURAL LANDSCAPES SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Austin; Dendroica chrysoparia; Fort Hood; Golden-cheeked Warbler; nest predators; urban; video cameras ID MINIATURE VIDEO CAMERAS; COOPERS-HAWKS; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; ELAPHE-OBSOLETA; SONGBIRD NESTS; ABUNDANCE; SURVIVAL; SUCCESS; IDENTIFICATION; FLYCATCHER AB Predation is a major cause of nest failure for songbirds, yet information is lacking on the relative importance of predator species in different landscapes. We identified nest predators of Golden-cheeked Warblers (Dendroica chrysoparia) in an urban landscape, compared cause-specific mortality rates between urban and rural landscapes, and evaluated whether monitoring nests with cameras affected nest survival. We monitored 68 nests with cameras in Austin, Texas, during 2005, 2006, and 2008 to identify causes of mortality, including predators, in an urban landscape. The period mortality and predation rates were 0.60 (95% CI: 0.42-0.73) and 0.52 (95% CI: 0.37-0.68), respectively. We identified predators at 20 nests: Texas rat snakes (Elaphe obsoleta lindheimerii) depredated eight nests (40%), Western Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma californica) depredated six (30%), Cooper's Hawks (Accipter cooperii) depredated two (10%), fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) depredated three (15%), and fire ants (Solenopsis sp.) depredated one nest (5%). We compared mortality rates, predation rates, and predators of the 68 camera-monitored nests in Austin to 74 nests monitored with cameras in the rural landscape of Fort Hood, Texas, during 1997-2002 and 2005. The period mortality rate (0.63, 95% CI: 0.47-0.75), predation rate (0.59, 95% CI: 0.45- 0.73), and predator composition at Fort Hood were similar to those in Austin. Nest abandonment, hatching success, and nestling survival were also similar in both landscapes. We compared nest survival of the 68 camera-monitored nests to 62 active nests monitored without video cameras in Austin, period nest survival was slightly higher for camera-monitored nests (0.40, 95% CI: 0.22-0.58) than for nests without cameras (0.37, 95% CI: 0.19-0.54). C1 [Reidy, Jennifer L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Stake, Mike M.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Reidy, JL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jennifer.reidy@gmail.com FU The Nature Conservancy; City of Austin biologists; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station; Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (U.S. Geological Survey, Missouri Department of Conservation, University of Missouri, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) FX We thank J. Cornelius and the Department of the Army at Fort Hood and T. Hayden and the Army Engineer Research and Development Center for funding and other support. R. Aracil, K. Ercit, N. Flood, S. Stollery, and M. Wickens provided invaluable field assistance. We are grateful to The Nature Conservancy and the City of Austin biologists for their assistance and support. We thank the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station and the Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (U.S. Geological Survey, Missouri Department of Conservation, University of Missouri, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) for their support. Information included in this manuscript does not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the government or The Nature Conservancy, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 50 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 19 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2008 VL 110 IS 3 BP 458 EP 466 DI 10.1525/cond.2008.8473 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 369ZI UT WOS:000260732000006 ER PT J AU Haddad, NM Hudgens, B Damiani, C Gross, K Kuefler, D Pollock, K AF Haddad, Nick M. Hudgens, Brian Damiani, Chris Gross, Kevin Kuefler, Daniel Pollock, Ken TI Determining optimal population monitoring for rare butterflies SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE butterflies; distance sampling; endangered butterflies; insects; mark-recapture; rare species; species monitoring; threatened species; transect counts ID TRANSECT COUNTS; POINT COUNTS; HABITAT USE; CONSERVATION; ABUNDANCE; LEPIDOPTERA; MANAGEMENT; RECAPTURE; DYNAMICS; INSECTS AB Determining population viability of rare insects depends on precise, unbiased estimates of population size and other demographic parameters. We used data on the endangered St. Francis' satyr butterfly (Neonympha mitchellii francisci) to evaluate 2 approaches (mark-recapture and transect counts) for population analysis of rare butterflies. Mark-recapture analysis provided by far the greatest amount of demographic information, including estimates (and standard errors) of population size, detection, survival, and recruitment probabilities. Mark-recapture analysis can also be used to estimate dispersal and temporal variation in rates, although we did not do this here. Models of seasonal flight phenologies derived from transect counts (Insect Count Analyzer) provided an index of population size and estimates of survival and statistical uncertainty. Pollard-Yates population indices derived from transect counts did not provide estimates of demographic parameters. This index may be highly biased if detection and survival probabilities vary spatially and temporally. In terms of statistical performance, mark-recapture and Pollard-Yates indices were least variable. Mark-recapture estimates were less likely to fail than Insect Count Analyzer, but mark-recapture estimates became less precise as sampling intensity decreased. In general, count-based approaches are less costly and less likely to cause harm to rare insects than mark-recapture. The optimal monitoring approach must reconcile these trade-offs. Thus, mark-recapture should be favored when demographic estimates are needed, when financial resources enable frequent sampling, and when marking does not harm the insect populations. The optimal sampling strategy may use 2 sampling methods together in 1 overall sampling plan: limited mark-recapture sampling to estimate survival and detection probabilities and frequent but less expensive transect counts. C1 [Haddad, Nick M.; Kuefler, Daniel; Pollock, Ken] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hudgens, Brian] Inst Wildlife Studies, Arcata, CA 95518 USA. [Damiani, Chris] US Forest Serv, USDA, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Gross, Kevin] N Carolina State Univ, Biomath Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Haddad, NM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, POB 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM nick_haddad@ncsu.edu NR 39 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 929 EP 940 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00932.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 334IX UT WOS:000258216600019 PM 18477025 ER PT J AU Tai, ES Ordovas, JM AF Tai, E. Shyong Ordovas, Jose M. TI Clinical significance of apolipoprotein A5 SO CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY LA English DT Review DE apolipoprotein A-V; cardiovascular disease; diet; gene-environment interaction; pharmacogenomics; plasma lipids ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; APOA1/C3/A4/A5 GENE-CLUSTER; APOA5 GENE; TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE; LIPID-METABOLISM; VARIANTS; RISK; ASSOCIATION AB Purpose of review We have examined the evidence from recent human studies examining the role of apolipoprotein AN in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease risk. Special emphasis was placed on the evidence emerging from the association between genetic variability at the apolipoprotein A5 locus, lipid phenotypes and disease outcomes. Moreover, we address recent reports evaluating apolipoprotein A5 gene-environment interactions in relation to cardiovascular disease and its common risk factors. Recent findings Several genetic association studies have continued to strengthen the position of APOA5 as a major gene that is involved in triglyceride metabolism and modulated by dietary factors and pharmacological therapies. Moreover, genetic variants at this locus have been significantly associated with both coronary disease and stroke risks. Summary Apolipoprotein A-V has an important role in lipid metabolism, specifically for triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. However, its mechanism of action is still poorly understood. Clinical significance at present comes largely from genetic studies showing a consistent association with plasma triglyceride concentrations. Moreover, the effects of common genetic variants on triglyceride concentrations and disease risk are further modulated by other factors such as diet, pharmacological interventions and BMI. Therefore, these genetic variants could be potentially used to predict cardiovascular disease risk and individualize therapeutic options to decrease cardiovascular disease risk. C1 [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tai, E. Shyong] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Endocrinol, Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Tai, E. Shyong] Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Mol Epidemiol, Singapore 117548, Singapore. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; Tai, E Shyong/0000-0003-2929-8966 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 54776, R01 HL054776, U01 HL 072524-04, U01 HL072524]; NIA NIH HHS [5 P01 AG 023394-02, P01 AG023394]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 075030, R01 DK075030] NR 46 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0957-9672 J9 CURR OPIN LIPIDOL JI Curr. Opin. Lipidology PD AUG PY 2008 VL 19 IS 4 BP 349 EP 354 DI 10.1097/MOL.0b013e328304b681 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 328EA UT WOS:000257779400004 PM 18607181 ER PT J AU Ramsay, TG Mitchell, AD Richards, MP AF Ramsay, T. G. Mitchell, A. D. Richards, M. P. TI Uncoupling protein expression in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in response to in vivo porcine somatotropin treatment SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE uncoupling protein; PPAR; somatotropin; IGF-I; swine ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR; PIG GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; FATTY-ACID OXIDATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; ENERGY-METABOLISM; LIPID-METABOLISM; THYROID-HORMONE; UP-REGULATION; INSULIN AB These experiments examined the potential roles of somatropin (pST) and IGF-I in the regulation of uncoupling protein (UCP)2 and UCP3 and their regulatory proteins peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) alpha, gamma and delta using in vivo pST treatment of swine and in vitro supplementation of pST or IGF-I to adipose slices. Six, 90 kg barrows were treated with recombinant pST (10 mg) for 2 week while another six pigs were injected with buffer. Total RNA from outer subcutaneous adipose (OSQ) and middle subcutaneous adipose (MSQ) tissues, leaf fat, liver and longissimus (LM) was amplified by reverse transcription-PCR with quantification of transcripts by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. UCP2 mRNA abundance increased in liver (P < 0.001) and all three adipose tissues by pST treatment (P < 0.05). Administration of pST increased UCP3 mRNA abundance by 42% in LM (P < 0.01). PPAR alpha mRNA abundance increased with pST treatment by 29% in liver (P < 0.05), while decreasing 25% in LM (P < 0.05). PPAR gamma mRNA abundance decreased 32% (P<0.01) while PPAR delta increased 48% in LM (P < 0.01) with pST administration. In vitro, pST reduced UCP2 mRNA abundance in OSQ and MSQ tissue slices (P < 0.05). UCP3 mRNA abundance decreased in OSQ (P < 0.05) but increased in MSQ (P < 0.05) with pST. In contrast, IGF-I increased UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA abundance in both MSQ and OSQ slices (P < 0.05). These experiments suggest pST, IGF-I and metabolic adaptations to pST contribute to regulating UCP2 and UCP3. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Ramsay, T. G.; Mitchell, A. D.; Richards, M. P.] ARS, USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ramsay, TG (reprint author), BARC E,Bldg 200,Room 207, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM timothy.ramsay@ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP 130 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2007.12.001 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 332OG UT WOS:000258091700002 PM 18638661 ER PT J AU Caperna, TJ Shannon, AE Garrett, WM AF Caperna, Thomas J. Shannon, Amy E. Garrett, Wesley M. TI A gel-based reference map of the porcine hepatocyte proteome SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pig hepatocytes; 2D-PAGE; MALDI-TOF-MS; LCMS/MS ID PRIMARY CULTURES; LEPTIN RECEPTOR; CELL-LINE; RAT-LIVER; ELECTROPHORESIS; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS; PH; IDENTIFICATION; METABOLISM AB The overall goal of our research is to characterize and identify gene expression profiles of porcine hepatic cells. In this study, we have prepared two-dimensional electrophoresis maps of cytosol and membrane fractions from freshly prepared hepatocytes which were pooled from three crossbred pigs (35-69 kg). Following isoelectric focusing with three pH range immnobilized pH gradient strips (pH 3-6,5-8 and 7-10) and staining the second dimension gels with colloidal Coomassie blue, 728 protein spots were picked and digested with trypsin. Extracted tryptic peptides were initially subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis for identification of proteins by peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF). Proteins which were not identified by PMF were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem MS. Utilizing publicly available databases [NCBInr, Swiss Prot and expressed sequence tags (EST)], 648 proteins were identified. Of those, 282 were unique proteins and greater than 90% of proteins spots contained single proteins. These data represent the first comprehensive proteomic analysis of porcine hepatocytes and will provide a database for future investigations of endocrine regulation of gene expression and metabolic processes in vitro. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Caperna, Thomas J.; Shannon, Amy E.; Garrett, Wesley M.] ARS, USDA, ANRI, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Caperna, TJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ANRI, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Bldg 200,Room 202,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM thomas.caperna@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP 142 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2007.12.004 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 332OG UT WOS:000258091700003 PM 18538972 ER PT J AU Galbreath, CW Scholljegerdes, EJ Lardy, GP Odde, KG Wilson, ME Schroeder, JW Vonnahme, KA AF Galbreath, Collin W. Scholljegerdes, Eric J. Lardy, Gregory P. Odde, Kenneth G. Wilson, Matthew E. Schroeder, Jerome W. Vonnahme, Kimberly A. TI Effect of feeding flax or linseed meal on progesterone clearance rate in ovariectomized ewes SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flax; linseed meal; progesterone; sheep ID FATTY-ACIDS; DAIRY-COWS; PERFORMANCE; HEIFERS; SHEEP; HEPATOCYTES; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION; FERTILITY; DIGESTION AB Ovariectomized ewes (n=22; 68.76 +/- 2.34 kg initial body weight; 2.9 +/- 0.1 initial body condition score) were individually fed one of three diets: (1) control (phytoestrogen-free; n = 7), (2) flax containing diet (n = 8), or (3) linseed meal (LSM) containing diet (n = 7) to investigate the rate of progesterone (P4) clearance. On day 20 of feeding (day 0 = initiation of treatment), a P4 releasing device (CIDR) was placed in the vagina and jugular blood samples were obtained prior to CIDR insertion and 15, 30, 60, and 120 min following CIDR insertion. Further, blood samples were obtained daily between days 21 and 24. On day 25, blood samples were retrieved prior to CIDR removal and 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 360 min following CIDR removal. There was no difference in initial or final body weight or body condition score and there were no time by diet interactions on P4 clearance. The fractional rate of P4 uptake measured prior to CIDR insertion through day 4 following insertion tended to be greater (P = 0.07) in LSM fed ewes (508.75 +/- 71.37%/min) compared to flax (295.39 +/- 66.76%/min) and control fed (287.54 +/- 71.37%/min) ewes. Diet tended (P = 0.10) to influence P4 clearance rate when measured from prior to CIDR removal through 120 min following CIDR removal with LSM fed ewes having a greater (1.26 +/- 0.2) fractional rate constant than flax (0.929 +/- 0.09) and control fed (0.922 +/- 0.09) ewes. Flax fed ewes also had more (P < 0.01) omega-3 fatty acids and total fatty acids in plasma. Reports of increased pregnancy rates in dairy cows fed flax may relate to P4 metabolism. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Galbreath, Collin W.; Lardy, Gregory P.; Odde, Kenneth G.; Schroeder, Jerome W.; Vonnahme, Kimberly A.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Galbreath, Collin W.; Lardy, Gregory P.; Odde, Kenneth G.; Schroeder, Jerome W.; Vonnahme, Kimberly A.] N Dakota State Univ, Ctr Nutr & Pregnancy, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Scholljegerdes, Eric J.] USDA ARS, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Wilson, Matthew E.] W Virginia Univ, Davis Coll, Div Anim & Vet Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Vonnahme, KA (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Room 181,Hultz Hall, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM kim.vonnahme@ndsu.edu NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP 164 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2008.05.002 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 332OG UT WOS:000258091700005 PM 18555637 ER PT J AU Zhou, YL Capuco, AV Jiang, HL AF Zhou, Yinli Capuco, Anthony V. Jiang, Honglin TI Involvement of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF1) stimulation of proliferation of a bovine mammary epithelial cell line SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IGF1; cell proliferation; mammary; bovine; CTGF ID FACTOR INDUCES APOPTOSIS; SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; BINDING-PROTEINS; GENE-EXPRESSION; KINASE INHIBITORS; FACTOR-BETA; MAC-T; FIBROBLASTS; LACTATION; FAMILY AB The objective of this study was to determine the mechanism by which insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF1) stimulates proliferation of mammary epithelial cells, using the bovine mammary epithelial cell line MAC-T as a model. IGF1 significantly up- or down-regulated the expression of 155 genes in MAC-T cells. Among the most significantly suppressed was the gene for connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a secretory protein that has both proliferative and apoptotic effects and is also a low-affinity binding protein of IGF1. IGF1 inhibited CTGF expression through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Administration of growth hormone (GH), a strong stimulator of IGF1 production in vivo, decreased mammary CTGF mRNA in cattle; however, GH did not affect CTGF expression in MAC-T cells, suggesting that IGF1 may also inhibit CTGF expression in the mammary gland. Added alone CTGF stimulated proliferation of MAC-T cells, but in combination with IGF1 it attenuated IGF1's stimulation of proliferation of MAC-T cells. Excess IGF1 reversed this attenuating effect of CTGF. Despite being an IGF binding protein, CTGF did not affect IGF1-induced phosphorylation of IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) or IGF1R expression in MAC-T cells, indicating that the attenuating effect of CTGF on IGF1 stimulated proliferation of MAC-T cells was not mediated by decreasing IGF1's ability to bind to IGF1R or by decreasing IGF1R expression. Overall, these results suggest a novel biochemical and functional relationship between CTGF and IGF1 in the bovine mammary gland, where IGF1 may inhibit CTGF expression to reduce the attenuating effect of CTGF on IGF1 stimulated proliferation of epithelial cells. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhou, Yinli; Jiang, Honglin] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Capuco, Anthony V.] ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jiang, HL (reprint author), Virginia Tech, 3130 Litton Reaves Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM hojiang@vt.edu NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP 180 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2008.05.003 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 332OG UT WOS:000258091700007 PM 18586434 ER PT J AU Littell, JS Peterson, DL Tjoelker, M AF Littell, Jeremy S. Peterson, David L. Tjoelker, Michael TI Douglas-fir growth in mountain ecosystems: Water limits tree growth from stand to region SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE climate change; climate effects; dendrochronology; Douglas-fir; ecological amplitude; ecophysiology; limiting factors; niche; Pseudotsuga menziesii; tree growth; water balance deficit ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH CASCADE RANGE; CLIMATIC VARIABILITY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; GAS-EXCHANGE; SOIL-WATER; DENDROCLIMATIC RECONSTRUCTION; HYDRAULIC REDISTRIBUTION AB The purpose of this work is to understand the nature of growth - climate relationships for Douglas-. r ( Pseudotsuga menziesii) across the climatic dimensions of its niche. We used a combination of biophysically informed sampling ( to identify sample sites) and dendroclimatology ( to identify growth - climate relationships) along a climate gradient in northwestern United States mountain ecosystems from the western Olympic Peninsula, Washington to the eastern Rocky Mountain Front, Montana. We used a multi- scale sampling strategy that accounted for continentality, physiography, and topography as non- climatic factors that could in. uence climate and alter tree growth. We developed a network of 124 Douglas-. r tree- ring chronologies and explored growth - climate correlations across the sampled gradients. We considered two different spatial scales of monthly and seasonal climate variables as potential controlling factors on tree growth. Annual radial growth in 60 - 65% of the plots across the region is signi. cantly correlated with precipitation, drought, or water balance during the late summer prior to growth and the early summer the year of growth. In a few plots, growth is positively correlated with cool- season temperature or negatively correlated with snowpack. Water availability is therefore more commonly limiting to Douglas-. r growth than energy limitations on growing season length. The. rst principal component derived from the chronologies is signi. cantly correlated with independent drought reconstructions. The sensitivity of Douglas-. r to summer water balance de. cit ( potential evapotranspiration minus actual evapotranspiration) indicates that increases in April to September temperature without increases in summer precipitation or soil moisture reserves are likely to cause decreases in growth over much of the sampled area, especially east of the Cascade crest. In contrast, Douglas-. r may exhibit growth increases at some higher elevation sites where seasonal photosynthesis is currently limited by growing- season length or low growing- season temperature. Life- history processes such as establishment, growth, and mortality are precursors to changes in biogeography, and measurements of climate effects on those processes can provide early indications of climate- change effects on ecosystems. C1 [Littell, Jeremy S.] JISAO CSES Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Littell, Jeremy S.; Tjoelker, Michael] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Fire & Mt Ecol Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Peterson, David L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Littell, JS (reprint author), JISAO CSES Climate Impacts Grp, Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jlittell@u.washington.edu NR 91 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 10 U2 93 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 BP 349 EP 368 DI 10.1890/07-0712.1 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 333IA UT WOS:000258145000003 ER PT J AU Del Grosso, S Parton, W Stohlgren, T Zheng, DL Bachelet, D Prince, S Hibbard, K Olson, R AF Del Grosso, Stephen Parton, William Stohlgren, Thomas Zheng, Daolan Bachelet, Dominique Prince, Stephen Hibbard, Kathy Olson, Richard TI Global potential net primary production predicted from vegetation class, precipitation, and temperature SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecosystem modeling; global NPP; Miami model; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) model; nitrogen losses; water stress ID CLIMATE; FOREST; WATER; GRASSLAND; MODEL; ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERE; RESPONSES; NITROGEN; CARBON AB Net primary production (NPP), the difference between CO2 fixed by photosynthesis and CO2 lost to autotrophic respiration, is one of the most important components of the carbon cycle. Our goal was to develop a simple regression model to estimate global NPP using climate and land cover data. Approximately 5600 global data points with observed mean annual NPP, land cover class, precipitation, and temperature were compiled. Precipitation was better correlated with NPP than temperature, and it explained much more of the variability in mean annual NPP for grass- or shrub-dominated systems (r(2) = 0.68) than for tree-dominated systems (r(2) = 0.39). For a given precipitation level, tree-dominated systems had significantly higher NPP (similar to 100-150 g C center dot m(-2)center dot yr(-1)) than non-tree-dominated systems. Consequently, previous empirical models developed to predict NPP based on precipitation and temperature (e. g., the Miami model) tended to overestimate NPP for non-tree-dominated systems. Our new model developed at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (the NCEAS model) predicts NPP for tree-dominated systems based on precipitation and temperature; but for non-tree-dominated systems NPP is solely a function of precipitation because including a temperature function increased model error for these systems. Lower NPP in non-tree-dominated systems is likely related to decreased water and nutrient use efficiency and higher nutrient loss rates from more frequent. re disturbances. Late 20th century aboveground and total NPP for global potential native vegetation using the NCEAS model are estimated to be similar to 28 Pg and similar to 46 Pg C/yr, respectively. The NCEAS model estimated an similar to 13% increase in global total NPP for potential vegetation from 1901 to 2000 based on changing precipitation and temperature patterns. C1 [Del Grosso, Stephen] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Del Grosso, Stephen; Parton, William] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stohlgren, Thomas] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Zheng, Daolan] Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Bachelet, Dominique] Oregon State Univ, Dept Biol & Ecol Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Prince, Stephen] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hibbard, Kathy] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Terr Sci Sect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Olson, Richard] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Del Grosso, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM delgro@nrel.colostate.edu NR 28 TC 98 Z9 103 U1 11 U2 95 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD AUG PY 2008 VL 89 IS 8 BP 2117 EP 2126 DI 10.1890/07-0850.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 334QN UT WOS:000258236400006 PM 18724722 ER PT J AU Rehfeldt, GE Ferguson, DE Crookston, NL AF Rehfeldt, Gerald E. Ferguson, Dennis E. Crookston, Nicholas L. TI Quantifying the abundance of co-occurring conifers along inland northwest (USA) climate gradients SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE altitudinal distributions; climatic distributions; conifers; Inland Northwest; USA; Random Forests; realized climate niche; species abundance; Weibull regressions ID VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION; FOREST TYPES; MOUNTAINS; NICHE AB The occurrence and abundance of conifers along climate gradients in the Inland Northwest (USA) was assessed using data from 5082 field plots, 81% of which were forested. Analyses using the Random Forests classification tree revealed that the sequential distribution of species along an altitudinal gradient could be predicted with reasonable accuracy from a single climate variable, a growing-season dryness index, calculated from the ratio of degree-days > 5 degrees C that accumulate in the frost-free season to the summer precipitation. While the appearance and departure of species in an ascending altitudinal sequence were closely related to the dryness index, the departure was most easily visualized in relation to negative degree-days (degree-days < 0 degrees C). The results were in close agreement with the works of descriptive ecologists. A Weibull response function was used to predict from climate variables the abundance and occurrence probabilities of each species, using binned data. The fit of the models was excellent, generally accounting for > 90% of the variance among 100 classes. C1 [Rehfeldt, Gerald E.; Ferguson, Dennis E.; Crookston, Nicholas L.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Rehfeldt, GE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 1221 S Main, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM jrehfeldt@gmail.com NR 43 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD AUG PY 2008 VL 89 IS 8 BP 2127 EP 2139 DI 10.1890/06-2013.1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 334QN UT WOS:000258236400007 PM 18724723 ER PT J AU Schlesinger, MD Manley, PN Holyoak, M AF Schlesinger, Matthew D. Manley, Patricia N. Holyoak, Marcel TI Distinguishing stressors acting on land bird communities in an urbanizing environment SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE communities; development; human disturbance; Lake Tahoe; USA; land birds; model selection; urbanization ID LOWLAND RIPARIAN AREAS; NEST PREDATION; URBANIZATION; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; GRADIENT; HOMOGENIZATION; BIODIVERSITY; DISTURBANCE AB Urbanization has profound influences on ecological communities, but our understanding of causal mechanisms is limited by a lack of attention to its component stressors. Published research suggests that at landscape scales, habitat loss and fragmentation are the major drivers of community change, whereas at local scales, human activity and vegetation management are the primary stressors. Little research has focused on whether urbanization stressors may supplant natural factors as dominant forces structuring communities. We used model selection to determine the relative importance of urban development, human activity, local and landscape vegetation, topography, and geographical location in explaining land bird species richness, abundance, and dominance. We analyzed the entire community and groups of species based on ecological characteristics, using data collected in remnant forests along a gradient of urban development in the Lake Tahoe basin, California and Nevada, USA. Urbanization stressors were consistently among the principal forces structuring the land bird community. Strikingly, disturbance from human activity was the most important factor for richness in many cases, surpassing even habitat loss from development. Landscape-scale factors were consistently more important than local-scale factors for abundance. In demonstrating considerable changes in land bird community structure, our results suggest that ecosystem function in urban areas may be severely compromised. Such changes compel local- and landscape-scale management, focused research, and long-term monitoring to retain biodiversity in urban areas to the extent possible. C1 [Schlesinger, Matthew D.; Holyoak, Marcel] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schlesinger, Matthew D.; Holyoak, Marcel] Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schlesinger, Matthew D.; Manley, Patricia N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Schlesinger, MD (reprint author), New York Nat Heritage Program, 625 Broadway,5th Floor, Albany, NY 12233 USA. EM mdschles@gw.dec.state.ny.us RI Holyoak, Marcel/C-3475-2009; OI Holyoak, Marcel/0000-0001-9727-3627 NR 50 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 36 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD AUG PY 2008 VL 89 IS 8 BP 2302 EP 2314 DI 10.1890/07-0256.1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 334QN UT WOS:000258236400024 PM 18724740 ER PT J AU Winker, K Spackman, E Swayne, DE AF Winker, Kevin Spackman, Erica Swayne, David E. TI A virus in spring shorebirds, southern Alaska SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUS; BIRDS; PCR C1 [Winker, Kevin] Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Spackman, Erica; Swayne, David E.] USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Winker, K (reprint author), Univ Alaska Museum, 907 Yukon Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffksw@uaf.edu RI Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014 OI Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104 NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2008 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1314 EP 1316 DI 10.3201/eid1408.080083 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 334JA UT WOS:000258216900028 PM 18680667 ER PT J AU Meagher, RL Landolt, PJ AF Meagher, Robert L. Landolt, Peter J. TI Attractiveness of binary blends of floral odorant compounds to moths in Florida, USA SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE floral lure; attractant; trapping; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; Pyralidae; PAA; phenylacetaldehyde; beta-myrcene; Pseudoplusia includens; Anticarsia gemmatalis ID CABBAGE-LOOPER MOTHS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; ALFALFA LOOPER; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; FLOWERS; VOLATILES; ORCHIDACEAE AB Evaluation of combinations of flower odor compounds in the field revealed several compounds that were attractive or co-attractive with phenylacetaldehyde (PAA) to pest noctuid and pyralid moths. A number of moth species responded positively to the key floral odorant PAA. The floral odorants cis-jasmone, linalool, benzyl acetate, limonene, beta-myrcene, methyl salicylate, and methyl 2-methoxybenzoate all increased captures of some moths when added to traps with PAA, but responses varied among the moth species that were trapped. For example, soybean looper moths, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), most strongly responded to PAA + beta-myrcene, but benzyl acetate, cis-jasmone, and limonene also increased captures of these moths when these compounds were used in traps along with PAA. Velvetbean caterpillar moths, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), responded most strongly to PAA + linalool, but beta-myrcene, cis-jasmone, and limonene also increased captures of these moths in traps over numbers trapped with PAA. Positive responses to floral compound blends were also noted for golden looper [Argyrogramma verruca (F.)], grass looper [Mocis disseverans (Walker)], tobacco budworm [Heliothis virescens (F.)], southern armyworm [Spodoptera eridania (Stoll) (all Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)], and melonworm [Diaphania hyalinata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)]. Overall, PAA + beta-myrcene appeared to be the strongest floral compound combination for pest species trapped, compared to PAA or other compound blends. C1 [Meagher, Robert L.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Landolt, Peter J.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Stn, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Meagher, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM rob.meagher@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 128 IS 2 BP 323 EP 329 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2008.00711.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 324WR UT WOS:000257550600009 ER PT J AU Sword, GA Lorch, PD Gwynne, DT AF Sword, G. A. Lorch, P. D. Gwynne, D. T. TI Radiotelemetric analysis of the effects of prevailing wind direction on Mormon cricket migratory band movement SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anabrus simplex; katydid; collective movement; radiotransmitter; hopper band ID ORTHOPTERA; TETTIGONIIDAE; LOCUSTS AB During outbreaks, flightless Mormon crickets [Anabrus simplex Haldeman (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)] form large mobile groups known as migratory bands. These bands can contain millions of individuals that march en masse across the landscape. The role of environmental cues in influencing the movement direction of migratory bands is poorly understood and has been the subject of little empirical study. We examined the effect of wind direction on Mormon cricket migratory band movement direction by monitoring the local weather conditions and daily movement patterns of individual insects traveling in bands over the same time course at three close, but spatially distinct sites. Although weather conditions were relatively homogeneous across sites, wind directions tended to be more variable across sites during the morning hours, the period during which directional movement begins. Migratory bands at different sites traveled in distinctly different directions. However, we failed to find any evidence to suggest that the observed variation in migratory band movement directions was correlated with local wind direction at any time during the day. These results support the notion that the cues mediating migratory band directionality are likely to be group specific and that a role for landscape-scale environmental cues such as wind direction is unlikely. C1 [Sword, G. A.; Lorch, P. D.; Gwynne, D. T.] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Lorch, P. D.] Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Gwynne, D. T.] Univ Toronto, Dept Biol, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. RP Sword, GA (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Macleay Bldg A12, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM greg.sword@bio.usyd.edu.au OI Sword, Gregory/0000-0003-2094-2436 FU USDA-ARS FX We thank L. Senior and G. Miller for assistance with this project, This work was supported by the USDA-ARS and it NSERC Discovery Grant to D.T.G. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 37 IS 4 BP 889 EP 896 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[889:RAOTEO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 341PV UT WOS:000258727800008 PM 18801254 ER PT J AU Hall, DG Hentz, MG Adair, RC AF Hall, David G. Hentz, Matthew G. Adair, Robert C., Jr. TI Population ecology and phenology of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera : Psyllidae) in two Florida citrus groves SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phenology; trapping; sampling; sticky traps; huanglongbing ID ASIAN CITRUS; GREENING DISEASE; HOMOPTERA; TEMPERATURE; ABUNDANCE; BIOLOGY AB Studies were conducted to assess population densities and phenology of the psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama at two citrus groves in east-central Florida. One grove contained young, irrigated grapefruit trees and the other contained mature, nonirrigated orange trees. The two groves were sampled weekly for eggs, nymphs, and adults on flush shoots; for adults on mature leaves; and for adults captured on yellow sticky card traps. Because infestations of immature D. citri develop Strictly on young flush, the abundance of flush was assessed weekly. Overall means of 26.5, 16.8, and 0.27 eggs, nymphs, and adults per flush shoot, respectively, were observed in the young grapefruit trees. In the grove of mature orange trees, overall means of 16.0, 12.7 and 0.31 eggs, nymphs, and adults per flush shoot were observed, respectively. Flush abundance was an inconsistent indicator of the mean density of D. citri per flush shoot. Mean density per shoot by itself was an inconsistent indicator of overall population levels of D. citri at each study site because few shoots were sometimes present when mean densities per shoot were high. May, June, and July were periods of time when immature D. citri were consistently present and most abundant at each study site, but the study indicated large infestations could occur at any time of the year depending on environmental factors and flush availability. Yellow sticky traps were effective for both male and female D. citri and useful for gauging adult population trends. C1 [Hall, David G.; Hentz, Matthew G.; Adair, Robert C., Jr.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Hall, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM dhall@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 16 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 37 IS 4 BP 914 EP 924 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[914:PEAPOD]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 341PV UT WOS:000258727800011 PM 18801257 ER PT J AU Cardoza, YJ Moser, JC Klepzig, KD Raffa, KF AF Cardoza, Yasmin J. Moser, John C. Klepzig, Kier D. Raffa, Kenneth F. TI Multipartite symbioses among fungi, mites, nematodes, and the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE symbiosis; bark beetles; Histiogaster; leptographium; hyphomycetes ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; BARK BEETLES; IPS-PINI; COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; CURCULIONIDAE; COLONIZATION; OUTBREAK; BACTERIA AB The spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis, is an eruptive forest pest of significant economic and ecological importance. D. rufipennis has symbiotic associations with a number of microorganisms, especially the ophiostomatoid fungus Leptographium abietinum. The nature of this interaction is only partially understood. Additionally, mite and nematode associates can mediate bark beetle-fungal interactions, but this has not yet been studied for spruce beetles. In this study, we found eight mite species associated with spruce beetles: Tarsonemus ips, T. endophloeus, Histiogaster arborsignis, Dendrolaelaps quadrisetus, Proctolaelaps hytricoides, Trichouropoda alascae, T. n. sp. nr dalarenaensis, and Urobovella n. sp 767. The most prevalent species was H. arborsignis. In addition, 75% of beetles examined carried nematodes, with six species represented. These included a new species of Parasitorhabditis, Ektaphelenchus obtusus, Bursaphelenchus n. sp. 727, Aphelenchoides n. sp., Panagrolaimus sp., and Mykoletzkya ruminis. H. arborsignis showed strong feeding and oviposition preferences for L. abietinum among four fungal species tested in laboratory assays. Information on our attempts to culture the various nematode species collected from D. rufipennis is also provided. Bursaphelenchus were cultured from D. rufipennis nematangia plated on agar containing L. abietinum but not sterile agar, Thus, L. abietinum plays an important role in these gallery communities, affecting the tree-killing bark beetle, its phoretic mites, and nematodes. These data add to our understanding of bark beetle-microorganism interactions. C1 [Cardoza, Yasmin J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Cardoza, Yasmin J.; Raffa, Kenneth F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Moser, John C.; Klepzig, Kier D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Cardoza, YJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, POB 7613, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM yasmin_cardoza@ncsu.edu FU USDA NRI [2003-3502-13528]; National Science Foundation [DEB0314215]; USDA Forest Service; Southern Research Station FX This work was supported by grants from the USDA NRI (2003-3502-13528), National Science Foundation (DEB0314215), and USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station. We thank the Plant and Insect Disease Clinic staff (NCSU, Entomology) for providing access to the equipment necessary to obtain the mite and nematode Pictures; K. Natsumi (FFPRI, Tsukuba Ibaraki, Japan) and S. Blomquist (USDA Forest Service, Pineville, LA) for providing images of Bursaphelenchus n. sp. 727 and Urobovella n. sp. 767; E. H. Whalen (Department of Entomology, UW-Madison, Madison, WI) for technical support; E. Holsten and K. Zogas (USDA Forest Service, Anchorage, AK), J. Negron (USDA Forest Service Fort Collins, CO), and B. Bentz and M. Hansen (USDA Forest Service, Logan, UT) for assistance in collecting spruce beetles; T. Steele and G. Kellner (UW, Kemp Natural Resources Station, Woodruff, WI) for providing the white spruce logs used throughout this project; and T. Harrington (Department of Plant Pathology, University of Iowa, Ames, IA) for providing the pure L. abietinum cultures used in our fungal identification. NR 35 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 22 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 37 IS 4 BP 956 EP 963 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[956:MSAFMN]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 341PV UT WOS:000258727800015 PM 18801261 ER PT J AU Knight, AL Larson, TL Ketner, K Hilton, R Hawkins, L AF Knight, A. L. Larson, T. L. Ketner, K. Hilton, R. Hawkins, L. TI Field evaluations of concentrated spray applications of microencapsulated sex pheromone for codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apple; pear; mating disruption; pest management; low volume ID MATING DISRUPTION; GRAPHOLITA-MOLESTA; CYDIA-POMONELLA; APPLE ORCHARDS; FORMULATIONS; ATTRACTION; DISPENSERS; LEP. AB The application of a microencapsulated (MEC) sex pheromone formulation (Checkmate CM-F) for codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), in low Volume, concentrated sprays was evaluated in a series of small plot and grower trials in apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen, and pear, Pyrus communis L. Preliminary tests found that MEC sprays applied at 172-207 kilopascals in 12-23 liters/ha deposited the highest density of microcapsules per leaf. The addition of a latex sicker did not increase the deposition of microcapsules. Small plot tests in 2004 compared the effectiveness of two low-volume sprayers against a standard high-volume spray (926 liters/ha) applied at 1,379 kilopascals. Moth catches and fruit injury were significantly lower in plots treated with the low-volume sprays compared with plots treated with the standard sprayer. These results suggest that concentrating the MEC formulation increases the deposition of microcapsules and improves its effectiveness. Larger trials were conducted with a low-volume sprayer in 4-ha plots within commercial apple (2005-2006) and pear orchards (2005) paired with similar plots treated with hand-applied pheromone dispensers. Levels of fruit injury were not significantly different between pheromone treatments in ally of the three tests. Moth catches, however, were significantly higher in the MEC-versus the dispenser-treated apple plots in 2005. No difference was found in the fruit injury levels in MEC-treated apple orchards in 2005 caused by irrigation method, but moth catches were significantly higher in overhead Versus undertree orchards. The advantages and current limitations of using MEC sex pheromone sprays to supplement current grower's management strategies for codling moth is discussed. C1 [Knight, A. L.; Larson, T. L.; Ketner, K.; Hilton, R.; Hawkins, L.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Knight, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM aknight@yarl.ars.usda.gov FU Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission, Wenatchee, WA FX We thank B. Christianson and D. Larson (USDA-ARS, Wapato, WA) for help in conducting these tests; P. Garza (Manzana Orchards, Moxee, WA) and R. Brown (Gebbers Farm, Brewster, WA) for allowing us to use their orchards; and T. Unruh (USDA-ARS, Wapato, WA) and O. Kovanci (Ulag University, Turkey)for helpful comments. This project was partially funded with support supplied by the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission, Wenatchee, WA. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 37 IS 4 BP 980 EP 989 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[980:FEOCSA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 341PV UT WOS:000258727800018 PM 18801264 ER PT J AU Taylor, RM Pfannenstiel, RS AF Taylor, R. M. Pfannenstiel, R. S. TI Nectar feeding by wandering spiders on cotton plants SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anthrone; extrafloral; nectar; spider; nutrition ID EXTRAFLORAL NECTAR; ARANEAE; PREDATORS; SURVIVAL; LEPIDOPTERA; POPULATIONS; SALTICIDAE; ARACHNIDA; ABUNDANCE; MOSQUITOS AB Spiders are assumed to be strictly carnivorous in assessments of their nutritional and energetic requirements, their habitat preferences, and their potential as biological control agents. However, members of Salticidae (jumping, spiders), Thomisidae (crab spiders), and the fast-moving Miturgidae, Anyphaenidae, and Corinnidae, all non-webbuilding wandering spiders, have been observed at floral and extrafloral nectaries of plants, presumably feeding on nectar. To test spiders in the field for nectar feeding, we used a cold anthrone test to detect the presence of ingested fructose, a plant-dervied sugar, in wandering spiders occupying cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.), which have floral and extrafloral nectaries. Field collections focused on three ecologically similar, highly active nocturnal spiders: Cheiracanthium inclusum (Hentz) (Miturgidae), Hibana futilis (Batiks), and H. arunda (Platnick) (Anyphaenidae). During 2002 and 2003, 27 and 21%, respectively, of all field-collected adults and subadults tested positive for fructose, indicating consumption of extrafloral nectar. In both years, significantly more females were positive than males (38 versus 11% in 2002; 26 versus 12% in 2003). Immatures tested positive at a lower rate than adults (3 and 13%, respectively). Smaller numbers of spiders in the Lycosidae, Oxyopidae, and Thomisidae were also tested. Among the thomisids, 38% in 2002 and 41% in 200:3 tested positive for Fructose. None of the lycosids (wolf spiders) tested positive: two of nine oxyopids (lynx spiders) did test positive. Oxyopidae is new to the list of nectarivorous spiders. These results suggest that nectarivory common for foliage wandering spiders and may contribute to fitness. C1 [Taylor, R. M.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Life Sci Educ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Pfannenstiel, R. S.] USDA ARS, BIRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Taylor, RM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ctr Life Sci Educ, 260 Jennings Hall,1735 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM taylor.69@osu.edu FU Ohio State University FX We thank J. Hagler (USDA-ARS), G. Mullen (Auburn University), and two anonymous reviewers for suggestions and improvements to this manuscript; A. Dean (Texas A & M University) for spider identifications: the laboratories of Woodbridge Foster and Andi Wolfe (Ohio State University) for providing materials for anthrone analysis; and Ohio State University for funding. NR 62 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 20 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 37 IS 4 BP 996 EP 1002 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[996:NFBWSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 341PV UT WOS:000258727800020 PM 18801266 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Wade, TG Riitters, KH AF Wickham, James D. Wade, Timothy G. Riitters, Kurt H. TI Detecting temporal change in watershed nutrient yields SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Clean Water Act; change detection; ecoregions; eutrophication; land cover; nitrogen; phosphorus ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LAND-COVER; EXPORT COEFFICIENTS; MONITORING DATA; RIVER-BASIN; NITROGEN; STREAMS; PHOSPHORUS; CRITERIA; QUALITY AB Meta-analyses reveal that nutrient yields tend to be higher for watersheds dominated by anthropogenic uses (e.g., urban, agriculture) and lower for watersheds dominated by natural vegetation. One implication of this pattern is that loss of natural vegetation will produce increases in watershed nutrient yields. Yet, the same meta-analyses also reveal that, absent land-cover change, watershed nutrient yields vary from one year to the next due to many exogenous factors. The interacting effects of land cover and exogenous factors suggest nutrient yields should be treated as distributions, and the effect of land-cover change should be examined by looking for significant changes in the distributions. We compiled nutrient yield distributions from published data. The published data included watersheds with homogeneous land cover that typically reported two or more years of annual nutrient yields for the same watershed. These data were used to construct statistical models, and the models were used to estimate changes in the nutrient yield distributions as a result of land-cover change. Land-cover changes were derived from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD). Total nitrogen (TN) yield distributions increased significantly for 35 of 1550 watersheds and decreased significantly for 51. Total phosphorus (TP) yield distributions increased significantly for 142 watersheds and decreased significantly for 17. The amount of land-cover change required to produce significant shifts in nutrient yield distributions was not constant. Small land-cover changes led to significant shifts in nutrient yield distributions when watersheds were dominated by natural vegetation, whereas much larger land-cover changes were needed to produce significant shifts when watersheds were dominated by urban or agriculture. We discuss our results in the context of the Clean Water Act. C1 [Wickham, James D.; Wade, Timothy G.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Riitters, Kurt H.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, E243-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wickham.james@epa.gov; wade.timothy@epa.gov; kriitters@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); U.S. Forest Service; Center for Landscape Pattern Analysis FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD), funded the research. This article has been subjected to the EPA's peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication. Kurt Riitter's participation was supported by the U.S. Forest Service and the Center for Landscape Pattern Analysis. The authors thank Lisa Smith, Steve Verrill, Walter Dodds, Larry Band, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on previous versions of the paper. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 42 IS 2 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1007/s00267-008-9120-8 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 339EW UT WOS:000258561900005 PM 18446405 ER PT J AU Novelli, VM Freitas-Astua, J Segatti, N Mineiro, JLC Arthur, V Bastianel, M Hilf, ME Gottwald, TR Machado, MA AF Novelli, Valdenice M. Freitas-Astua, Juliana Segatti, Naiara Mineiro, Jeferson L. C. Arthur, Valter Bastianel, Marines Hilf, Mark E. Gottwald, Tim R. Machado, Marcos A. TI Effects of radiation (Cobalt-60) on the elimination of Brevipalpus phoenicis (Acari : Tenuipalpidae) Cardinium endosymbiont SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE parthenogenesis; thelytokous; symbiont; mites of citrus leprosis virus ID INTRACELLULAR WOLBACHIA BACTERIA; 2-SPOTTED SPIDER-MITE; URTICAE KOCH ACARI; GAMMA-RADIATION; CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY; BRUGIA-MALAYI; X-RAYS; TETRANYCHIDAE; CALIFORNICUS; ARTHROPODS AB Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) is a polyphagous mite with worldwide distribution and it is also a vector of several plant viruses. In citrus, B. phoenicis transmits Citrus leprosis virus (CiLV), the causal agent of leprosis, a disease that costs millions of dollars per year for its prevention and control. Brevipalpus phoenicis mites reproduce through thelytokous parthenogenesis, producing haploid females. This characteristic is attributable to the presence of an endosymbiont bacterium of the genus Cardinium; however, very little is known about the biological and ecological implications of the presence of this endosymbiont in Brevipalpus mites. In order to investigate the role of Cardinium in the transmission of CiLV to citrus plants, our goal was to eliminate the bacterium from the mite. We assessed the effectiveness of different doses of radiation from a Cobalt-60 source to cure B. phoenicis populations from Cardinium sp. The efficiency of irradiation on the elimination of the endosymbiont was determined by counting the number of females and males obtained in the F(1) generation after irradiation and confirming the presence of the endosymbiont by PCR. Both radiation treatments influenced the oviposition period and the number of eggs laid by irradiated females. Also, irradiation eliminated the Cardinium endosymbiont and increased the number of males in progeny of the exposed populations. Although macroscopic morphological abnormalities were not observed among the treated mites, the mortality was higher compared to the non-irradiated control group. C1 [Novelli, Valdenice M.; Freitas-Astua, Juliana; Segatti, Naiara; Bastianel, Marines; Machado, Marcos A.] Citros Sylvio Moreira IAC, Ctr APTA, BR-13490970 Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil. [Freitas-Astua, Juliana] Embrapa Cassava & Trop Fruits, Cruz Das Almas, BA, Brazil. [Mineiro, Jeferson L. C.; Arthur, Valter] USP, CENA, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Hilf, Mark E.; Gottwald, Tim R.] USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Novelli, VM (reprint author), Citros Sylvio Moreira IAC, Ctr APTA, POB 04, BR-13490970 Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil. EM valdenice@centrodecitricultura.br RI Novelli, Valdenice/C-4341-2012; Bastianel, Marines/C-4412-2012; Machado, Marcos/G-3582-2012; OI Novelli, Valdenice/0000-0001-7717-4488; Freitas-Astua, Juliana/0000-0002-0506-6880 FU FAPESP [04/10511-3]; USDA; APHIS; CPHST; ARS Specific cooperative [58-6618-3-F140] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of FAPESP (04/10511-3) and USDA, APHIS, CPHST Project E3M01 through USDA, ARS Specific cooperative agreement No. 58-6618-3-F140. VMN receives a FAPESP fellowship (04/11854-1). NR 32 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3-4 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1007/s10493-008-9176-4 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 344BH UT WOS:000258899700004 PM 18648995 ER PT J AU Ramesh, A Inyang, F Lunstra, DD Niaz, MS Kopsombut, P Jones, KM Hood, DB Hills, ER Archibong, AE AF Ramesh, Aramandla Inyang, Frank Lunstra, Donald D. Niaz, Mohammad S. Kopsombut, Prapaporn Jones, Kea M. Hood, Daryl B. Hills, Edward R. Archibong, Anthony E. TI Alteration of fertility endpoints in adult male F-344 rats by subchronic exposure to inhaled benzo(a)pyrene SO EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; benzo(a)pyrene; inhalation; sperm motility; testosterone; luteinizing hormone; epididymis ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; IN-VITRO; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; SPERM PRODUCTION; SERTOLI-CELLS; RECEPTOR; BIOAVAILABILITY; BENZOPYRENE; STEROIDOGENESIS; TESTOSTERONE AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive risk associated with exposure of adult male Fisher-344 rats to inhaled benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Rats were assigned randomly to a treatment or control group. Treatment consisted of sub-chronic exposure of rats via inhalation to 75 mu g BaP/m(3), 4h daily for 60 days, while control animals were unexposed (UNC). Blood samples were collected immediately after the cessation of exposures (time 0) and subsequently at 24, 48, and 72h, to assess the effect of bioavailable BaP on plasma testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations. Rats were sacrificed after the last blood collection. Testes were harvested, weighed and prepared for histology and morphometric analysis, and cauda epididymides were isolated for the determination of progressive motility and density of stored spermatozoa. BaP exposure reduced testis weight compared with UNC (mean +/- SE; 2.01 +/- 0.11 versus 3.04 +/- 0.16 g; P < 0.025), and caused significant reductions in the components of the steroidogenic and spermatogenic compartments of the testis. Progressive motility and mean density of stored spermatozoa were reduced (P<0.05). Plasma testosterone concentrations were decreased by two-thirds in BaP-exposed rats throughout the time periods studied compared with those of their UNC counterparts (P<0.05), concomitant with increased concentrations of LH in BaP-exposed rats (P < 0.05). These data suggest that sub-chronic exposure to inhaled BaP contribute to reduced testicular and epididymal function in exposed rats. (C) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Ramesh, Aramandla] Meharry Med Coll, Dept Canc Biol, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Inyang, Frank; Niaz, Mohammad S.; Jones, Kea M.; Hills, Edward R.; Archibong, Anthony E.] Meharry Med Coll, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Lunstra, Donald D.] US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Kopsombut, Prapaporn] Vanderbilt Univ, Div Hematol Oncol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Hood, Daryl B.] Meharry Med Coll, Dept Neurobiol & Neurotoxicol, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. RP Archibong, AE (reprint author), Meharry Med Coll, Dept OB GYN, Reprod Sci Lab, 1005 DB Todd Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. EM aarchibong@mmc.edu FU PHS [U50ATU3989-48-06, 2SO6GM08037-28 -32, G12RRO3032, 1U54HDO431501-09, RO1 HD020419-19S1, 1R15ES012168, S11ES014156-01, NS41070] FX This work was supported in part by PHS Grants no. U50ATU3989-48-06 (Meharry), 2SO6GM08037-28 & -32, G12RRO3032 (AR, AA, DBH), 1U54HDO431501-09, RO1 HD020419-19S1 (AA), 1R15ES012168 and S11ES014156-01 (AR), NS41070 and S11ES014156-01 (DBH). NR 69 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0940-2993 EI 1618-1433 J9 EXP TOXICOL PATHOL JI Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 60 IS 4-5 BP 269 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.etp.2008.02.010 PG 12 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 337TE UT WOS:000258457600005 PM 18499416 ER PT J AU Jelks, HL Walsh, SJ Burkhead, NM Contreras-Balderas, S Diaz-Pardo, E Hendrickson, DA Lyons, J Mandrak, NE McCormick, F Nelson, JS Platania, SP Porter, BA Renaud, CB Schmitter-Soto, JJ Taylor, EB Warren, ML AF Jelks, Howard L. Walsh, Stephen J. Burkhead, Noel M. Contreras-Balderas, Salvador Diaz-Pardo, Edmundo Hendrickson, Dean A. Lyons, John Mandrak, Nicholas E. McCormick, Frank Nelson, Joseph S. Platania, Steven P. Porter, Brady A. Renaud, Claude B. Schmitter-Soto, Juan Jacobo Taylor, Eric B. Warren, Melvin L., Jr. TI Conservation Status of Imperiled North American Freshwater and Diadromous Fishes SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EXTINCTION; CANADA; FAUNA; HOMOGENIZATION; BIODIVERSITY; ASSEMBLAGES; CRAYFISHES; LAMPETRA; BIOLOGY AB This is the third compilation of imperiled (i.e., endangered, threatened, Vulnerable) Plus extinct freshwater and diadromous fishes of North America prepared by the American Fisheries Society's Endangered Species Committee. Since the last revision in 1989, imperilment of inland fishes has increased substantially. This list includes 700 extant taxa representing 133 genera and 36 families, a 92% increase over the 364 listed in 1989. The increase reflects the addition of distinct Populations, previously non-imperiled fishes, and recently described or discovered taxa. Approximately 39% of described fish species of the continent are imperiled. There are 230 vulnerable, 190 threatened, and 280 endangered extant taxa, and 61 taxa presumed extinct or extirpated from nature. Of those that were imperiled in 1989, most (89%) are the same or worse in conservation status; only 6% have improved in status, and 5% were delisted for various reasons. Habitat degradation and nonindigenous species are the main threats to at-risk fishes, many of which are restricted to small ranges. Documenting the diversity and status of rare fishes is a critical step in identifying and implementing appropriate actions necessary for their protection and management. C1 [Jelks, Howard L.; Walsh, Stephen J.; Burkhead, Noel M.] US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL USA. [Contreras-Balderas, Salvador] Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas De Los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. [Hendrickson, Dean A.] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Nat Sci Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Lyons, John] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Monona, WI USA. [Mandrak, Nicholas E.] Great Lakes Lab Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Burlington, ON, Canada. [McCormick, Frank] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Nelson, Joseph S.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Platania, Steven P.] Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Porter, Brady A.] Duquesne Univ, Bayer Sch Nat & Environm Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. [Renaud, Claude B.] Canadian Museum Nat, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada. [Schmitter-Soto, Juan Jacobo] El Colegio Frontera Sur, Chetmal, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Taylor, Eric B.] Univ British Columbia, Biodivers Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Warren, Melvin L., Jr.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Oxford, MS USA. RP Jelks, HL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL USA. EM hjelks@usgs.gov; swalsh@usgs.gov; nburkhead@usgs.gov RI Schmitter-Soto, Juan/F-6206-2010 OI Schmitter-Soto, Juan/0000-0003-4736-8382 NR 73 TC 339 Z9 355 U1 13 U2 125 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD AUG PY 2008 VL 33 IS 8 BP 372 EP 407 DI 10.1577/1548-8446-33.8.372 PG 36 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA V10UM UT WOS:000207488900005 ER PT J AU Burns, TD Snook, ME Riley, RT Voss, KA AF Burns, T. D. Snook, M. E. Riley, R. T. Voss, K. A. TI Fumonisin concentrations and in vivo toxicity of nixtamalized Fusarium verticillioides Culture material: Evidence for fumonisin-matrix interactions SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fumonisin; Fusarium verticillioides; nixtamalization; toxicity; bioavailability ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CORN-BASED FOODS; CONTAMINATED CORN; B6C3F(1) MICE; B-1; MONILIFORME; MYCOTOXINS; RATS; CARCINOGENESIS; METABOLISM AB The toxic potential of nixtamalized foods can be Underestimated if, during cooking, reversible fumonisin food matrix interactions reduce the amount of mycotoxin that is detected but not the amount that is bioavailable. Fusarium verticillioides Culture material (CM) was nixtamalized as is (NCM) Or after mixing with ground corn (NCMC). Additional portions were sham nixtamalized without (SCM) or with corn (SCMC). Nixtamalization and sham nixtamalization reduced FBI; CM, NCM, and SCM diets contained 9.08, 2.08, arid 1.19 ppm, respectively. FBI was further reduced in the NCMC (0.49 ppm) but not the SCMC (1.01 ppm) diets compared to their NCM and SCM counterparts. Equivalent weights of the cooked products, uncooked CM, corn (UC) or nixtamalized UC (NUC) were fed to rats for Lip to three weeks. Kidney lesions in the NCM-fed group were less severe than in the CM-fed, positive control group and no lesions were found in the NCMC and other groups. Group kidney sphinganine (biomarker of fumonisin exposure) concentrations decreased in the order: CM (absolute concentration (nmol/g) = 600-800) > NCM (400600) > SCM and SCMC (30-90) > NCMC, UC and NUC (< 8). Together, these results suggest that mycotoxin-corn matrix interactions during nixtamalization reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of FBI. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Snook, M. E.; Riley, R. T.; Voss, K. A.] USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Burns, T. D.] Univ Georgia, Interdisciplinary Toxicol Program, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Voss, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM Ken.Voss@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 EI 1873-6351 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 46 IS 8 BP 2841 EP 2848 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2008.05.01 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 337ML UT WOS:000258440100036 PM 18602734 ER PT J AU Fratamico, PM AF Fratamico, Pina M. TI The application of "Omics" technologies for food safety research - Introduction SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Fratamico, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4 BP 369 EP 370 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.9994 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 340ZT UT WOS:000258684200002 PM 18673070 ER PT J AU Miller, WG Wang, GL Binnewies, TT Parker, CT AF Miller, William G. Wang, Guilin Binnewies, Tim T. Parker, Craig T. TI The complete genome sequence and analysis of the human pathogen Campylobacter lari SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTERS; CORYNEBACTERIUM-GLUTAMICUM; COMPATIBLE SOLUTES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HIGH-OSMOLALITY; UPTAKE SYSTEM; JEJUNI; RESISTANCE AB Campylobacter lari is a member of the epsilon subdivision of the Proteobacteria and is part of the thermotolerant Campylobacter group, a clade that includes that includes the human pathogen C. jejuni. Here we present the complete genome sequence of the human clinical isolate, C. lari RM2100. The genome of strain RM2100 is similar to 1.53 Mb and includes the 46 kb megaplasmid pCL2100. Also present within the strain RM2100 genome is a 36 kb putative prophage, termed CLIE1, which is similar to CJIE4, a putative prophage present within the C. jejuni RM1221 genome. Nearly all (90%) of the gene content is strain RM2100 is similar to genes present in the genomes of other characterized thermotolerant campylobacters. However, several genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis and energy metabolism, identified previously in other Campylobacter genomes, are absent from the C. lari RM2100 genome. Therefore, C. lari RM2100 is predicted to be multiply auxotrphic, unable to synthesize eight different amino acids, acetyl-coA, and pantothenate. Additionally, strain RM2100 does not contain a complete TCA cycle and is missing CydAB terminal oxidase of the respiratory chain. Defects in the amino acid biosynthetic pathways in this organism could be potentially compensated by the large number of encoded peptidases. Nevertheless, the apparent absence of certain key enzymatic functions in strain RM2100 would be expected to have an impact on C. lari biology. It is also possible that the reduction in the C. lari metabolic machinery is related to its environmental range and host preference. C1 [Miller, William G.; Wang, Guilin; Parker, Craig T.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Binnewies, Tim T.] Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Biol Sequence Anal, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Miller, WG (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM William.Miller@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service, CRIS [5325-42000-230-045] FX This work was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, CRIS project 5325-42000-230-045. g NR 71 TC 28 Z9 220 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4 BP 371 EP 386 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0101 PG 16 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 340ZT UT WOS:000258684200003 PM 18713059 ER PT J AU He, YP Frye, JG Strobaugh, TP Chen, CY AF He, Yiping Frye, Jonathan G. Strobaugh, Terence P., Jr. Chen, Chin-Yi TI Analysis of Al-2/LuxS-dependent transcription in Campylobacter jejuni strain 81-176 SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SENSING MOLECULE AUTOINDUCER-2; GENE-EXPRESSION DATA; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; INTERSPECIES COMMUNICATION; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; LUXS MUTANT; BACTERIA; SIGNAL; AL-2 AB Autoinducer-2 (Al-2) is a quorum-sensing signal molecule that controls a variety of cellular activities in response to cell density in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The production of Al-2 is dependent upon LuxS, the last enzyme in the Al-2 biosynthesis pathyway. For this study, we constructed a luxS null mutation (Delta luxS) in Campylobacter jejuni strain 81-176, and showe that it abolished Al-2 production. The Delta luxS mutant had a longer doubling time in Mueller-Hinton (MH) broth and reduced swarming on MH soft agar at 37 degrees C compared to the wild type (wt), whereas growth rate or swarming at 42 degrees C was not affected. The Delta luxS mutant was also more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and cumene hydroperoxide than the wt by disc inhibition assays at 42 degrees C, though minimum inhibitory concentration comparisons were inconclusive. Differences in genome-wide gene expression between wt and Delta luxS mutant with and without H2O2 treatments were compared using DNA microarrays. The genes that showed differential expressions (wt/Delta luxS) include operons/pathways involved in AI-2 synthesis and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) metabolism (metE, metF, and pfs), flagellar assembly/regulation, stress response (ahpC, tpx, and groES), ABC transporters/efflux systems, and two genes of unknown function located downstream of luxS (Cj1199 and Cj1200). The wt/Delta luxS expression ratios of ahpC (encoding alkyl hydroperoxide reductase) and tpx (encoding thiol peroxidase) were increased only with H2O2 treatment, consistent with our finding that the Delta luxS mutant exhibits higher sensitivity to oxidative stress than wt. Our microarray results agreed with the Delta luxS mutant phenotypes, and suggested that LuxS plays a role in central metabolism involving SAM metabolism, but it is uncertain whether Al-2 functions as a true quorum-sensing signal in C. jejuni. C1 [Strobaugh, Terence P., Jr.; Chen, Chin-Yi] ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [He, Yiping] ARS, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem Res Unit, ERRC, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Frye, Jonathan G.] USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Chen, CY (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM chin-yi.chen@ars.usda.gov RI Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013 OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 NR 50 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 9 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4 BP 399 EP 415 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0106 PG 17 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 340ZT UT WOS:000258684200005 PM 18713060 ER PT J AU Liu, YH Fratamico, P Debroy, C Bumbaugh, AC Allen, JW AF Liu, Yanhong Fratamico, Pina Debroy, Chitrita Bumbaugh, Alyssa C. Allen, John W. TI DNA sequencing and identification of serogroup-specific genes in the Escherichia coli O118O antigen gene cluster and demonstration of antigenic diversity but only minor variation in DNA sequence of the O antigen clusters of E-coli O118 and O151 SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PCR AMPLIFICATION; WZY-GENE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; POLYSACCHARIDE; VIRULENCE; STRAINS; ASSAY AB The DNA sequence of the O antigen gene cluster of an Escherichia coli serogroup O118 strain was determined, and 13 open reading frames (ORFs) were identified, encoding genes required for O antigen sugar biosynthesis, transfer, and processing. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting the wzx (O antigen flippase) and wzy (O antigen polymerase) genes in the O antigen gener cluster of E. coli O118 were designed for identification of these serogroups. Specificity testing using strains belonging to E.coli O118 isolated from various sources, representative strains of 167 other E. coli O serogroups, and 20 non-E. coli bacteria revealed that the PCR assays were specific for E. coli O118. Thus, the PCR assays can be used for rapid identification of E. coli O118 as an alterative to typing using antisera. However, the PCR assays targetng the E. coli O118 wzx and wzy genes were also positive using E. coli serogroup O151 DNA. Therefore, the sequence of the O antigen gene cluster of E. coli O151 was determined, and it was very similar to that of E. coli O118, with only three nucleotide differences. Although the lipopolysaccharide profiles of O118 and O151 showed differences, multilocus sequence typing of E. coli O118 and O151 strains only revealed minor variation at the nucleotide level. Since E. coli O118 strains are more frequently isolated from humans, animals, and the environment than E. coli O151, serogroup O151 may likely be a minor variant of E. coli O118. Further studies are needed to elucidate this possibility. C1 [Liu, Yanhong; Fratamico, Pina] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Debroy, Chitrita] Penn State Univ, E Coli Reference Ctr, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bumbaugh, Alyssa C.] Penn State Univ, Altoona Coll, Div Math & Nat Sci, Altoona, PA USA. [Allen, John W.] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. RP Liu, YH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM yanhong.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4 BP 449 EP 457 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0096 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 340ZT UT WOS:000258684200008 PM 18673069 ER PT J AU Dowd, SF Sun, Y Wolcott, RD Domingo, A Carroll, JA AF Dowd, Scot F. Sun, Yan Wolcott, Randy D. Domingo, Alexander Carroll, Jeffery A. TI Bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) for microbiome studies: Bacterial diversity in the ileum of newly weaned Salmonella-infected pigs SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID DELBRUECKII SUBSP BULGARICUS; FATTY-ACID CONCENTRATIONS; IN-VITRO FERMENTATION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; FECAL FLORA; GROWING PIGS; INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA; HUMAN COLON; STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS; GASTROINTESTINAL ECOLOGY AB The microbiota of an animal's intestinal tract plays a vital role in the animal's overall health. There is a surprising scarcity of information on the microbial diversity in the gut of livestock species such as cattle and swine. Here we describe a bacterial 16S-based tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) method that we have developed as a high-throughput universal tool for bacterial diversity, epidemiology, and pathogen detection studies. This method will allow hundreds of samples to be run simultaneously but analyzed individually or as groups. To test this new methodology, we individually evaluated the bacterial diversity in the ileum of 21 pigs. Ubiquitous bacteria detected in the newly weaned pigs were Clostridium spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Helicobacter spp. Many of the pigs had surprisingly low concentrations of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp. Only four of the pigs were shown to be positive for Salmonella spp. using traditional culture methods. A total of eight pigs were bTEFAP positive for Salmonella spp., including all four of the pigs that had been culture positive. Two of the pigs sampled were also positive for Campylobacter spp. tentative identified as jejuni. Using rarefaction curves modeled with the Richards equation, we estimated the maximum number of unique species level (3% dissimilarity) operational taxonomic units in the ileum of these pigs. These predictions indicated that there may be as many as 821 different species associated with the ileum in pigs. Together these data indicate a powerful potential of this technology in food safety and epidemiological and bacterial diversity applications. Using bTEFAP, we can expect to gain a better understanding of how the microbiome of an animal contributes to its health and well-being. C1 [Dowd, Scot F.; Carroll, Jeffery A.] USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Sun, Yan; Wolcott, Randy D.] Med Biofilm Res Inst, Lubbock, TX USA. [Domingo, Alexander] Roche Diagnost Corp, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Dowd, SF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, 1604 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM scot.dowd@ars.Lisda.gov NR 81 TC 191 Z9 192 U1 3 U2 41 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4 BP 459 EP 472 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0107 PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 340ZT UT WOS:000258684200009 PM 18713063 ER PT J AU Bhagwat, AA Bhagwat, M AF Bhagwat, Arvind A. Bhagwat, Medha TI Methods and tools for comparative genomics of foodborne pathogens SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Review ID ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DEPENDENT ACID-RESISTANCE; SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI; STRAINS; SURVIVAL; SALMONELLOSIS; TYPHIMURIUM; VIRULENCE; DISEASE; SYSTEMS AB A comparison of genome sequences and of encoded proteins with the database of existing annotated sequences is a useful approach to understand the information at the genome level. Here we demonstrate the utility of several DNA and protein sequence comparison tools to interpret the information obtained from several genome projects, Comparisons are presented between closely related strains of Esherichia coli commensal isolates, different isolates or O157:H7, and Shigella spp. It is expected that comparative genome analysis will generate a wealth of data to compare pathogenic isolates with varying levels of pathogenicity, which in turn may reveal mechanisms by which the pathogen may adapt to a particular nutrient supply in certain foods. These genome sequence analysis tools will strengthen foodborne pathogen surveillance and subsequent risk assessment to enhance the safety of the food supply. C1 [Bhagwat, Arvind A.] ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bhagwat, Medha] NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Bhagwat, AA (reprint author), ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Bldg 002,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM arvind.bhagwat@ars.usda.gov FU Intramural Research Program of the NIH; National Library of Medicine FX This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Library of Medicine. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4 BP 487 EP 497 DI 10.1089/fpd.08.0117 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 340ZT UT WOS:000258684200011 PM 18713064 ER PT J AU Hartsough, BR Abrams, S Barbour, RJ Drews, ES McIver, JD Moghaddas, JJ Schwilk, DW Stephens, SL AF Hartsough, Bruce R. Abrams, Scott Barbour, R. James Drews, Erik S. McIver, James D. Moghaddas, Jason J. Schwilk, Dylan W. Stephens, Scott L. TI The economics of alternative fuel reduction treatments in western United States dry forests: Financial and policy implications from the national Fire and Fire Surrogate study SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE fuel reduction; mechanical treatment; prescribed fire; wildfire ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; SIERRA-NEVADA; TREE MORTALITY; BEHAVIOR; IMPACTS; REGIMES; USA AB We collected data at seven sites in the western US, on the costs of fuel reduction operations (prescribed fire, mechanical treatment, mechanical plus fire), and measured the effects of these treatments on surface fuel and stand parameters. We also modeled the potential behavior of wildfire in the treated and control stands. Gross costs of mechanical treatments were more expensive than those of prescribed fire, but net costs of mechanical treatments after deducting the values of harvested products were, on most sites, less than those of fire. The fire-only treatment reduced surface fuels, while most mechanical treatments (with the probable exception of whole-tree removal) increased these loads. Most mechanical-plus-fire treatments had little net effect on surface fuels. All treatments reduced the number of live trees, on average by about 300, 500 and 700 stems per hectare respectively for fire-only, mechanical, and mechanical-plus-fire. As intended by prescription, the mechanical treatments reduced basal area per hectare significantly. In most cases the fires - either alone or following mechanical treatment killed mostly small trees, having essentially no impact on basal area. The mechanical-plus-fire treatment was the most effective, followed by fire-only, at reducing the modeled severity of wildfire effects under extreme weather conditions. The effectiveness of mechanical-only treatments depended on how much surface fuel remained on site. A whole-tree harvesting system removed the tops and limbs along with the felled trees, thereby reducing potential fire severity more than methods which left slash and/or masticated material within the stands. The various treatments created different conditions, and therefore the treatment intervals needed to maintain desired fire resilience would probably differ as well, being shorter for fire-only than for mechanical-only or mechanical-plus-fire treatments. Decisions about which treatments to prescribe, where, and when, will generally consider not only the financial costs and entry intervals, but other societal benefits and costs of the treatments and of wildfires as well. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hartsough, Bruce R.; Drews, Erik S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Abrams, Scott] Plumas Natl Forest, Quincy, CA 95971 USA. [Barbour, R. James] USDA, Forest Serv Pacific NW Stn, Focused Sci Delivery Program, Portland, OR USA. [McIver, James D.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Union, OR 97883 USA. [Moghaddas, Jason J.; Stephens, Scott L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schwilk, Dylan W.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Hartsough, BR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM brhartsough@ucdavis.edu NR 54 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 10 IS 6 BP 344 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2008.02.001 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 333UG UT WOS:000258177400002 ER PT J AU Rummer, B AF Rummer, Bob TI Assessing the cost of fuel reduction treatments: A critical review SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE costs; forest operations; mechanical treatment; thinning ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; EASTERN OREGON; UNITED-STATES; ECONOMICS; TREES; STANDS; SYSTEM AB The basic costs of the operations for implementing fuel reduction treatments are used to evaluate treatment effectiveness, select among alternatives, estimate total project costs, and build national program strategies. However, a review of the literature indicates that there is questionable basis for many of the general estimates used to date. Different approaches to estimating cost have been used. Four methods are reviewed with discussion of the appropriate applications to fuel reduction cost analysis. Critical gaps identified in the understanding of operations costs include business overhead, repair and maintenance reserves, and estimates of the cost of risk. Future analyses of fuel treatments should be cautious in extrapolating cost numbers from the existing literature. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Rummer, B (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 520 Devall Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM rrummer@fs.fed.us NR 53 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 10 IS 6 BP 355 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2008.01.001 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 333UG UT WOS:000258177400003 ER PT J AU Ince, PJ Spelter, H Skog, KE Kramp, A Dykstra, DP AF Ince, Peter J. Spelter, Henry Skog, Kenneth E. Kramp, Andrew Dykstra, Dennis P. TI Market impacts of hypothetical fuel treatment thinning programs on federal lands in the western United States SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE fuel treatment; economics; forest thinning; market welfare AB This paper addresses the economics of forest fuel thinning programs on federal lands in the U.S. West, and presents a model of regional timber and product market impacts. The issue of economics is vital to the debate about fire management, and this paper presents market implications of two alternative silvicultural strategies, even-aged and uneven-aged thinning. Projections are based on a regional market model called FTM-West (Fuel Treatment Market model-West), which uses the method of price-endogenous linear programming to project annual market equilibria for softwood timber and wood products in the western United States from 1997 to 2020. The model takes into account variability in tree and log size, as well as economic effects of variable size class on harvest costs, log value, product recovery and mill capacity. Results show large potential market impacts from expanded thinning on federal lands, but impacts vary by silvicultural regime due to differences in size-class distributions of trees available under different thinning regimes. A hypothetical even-aged thinning program ("thin-from-below" strategy) results in net negative market welfare over the projection period (2005-2020), while a hypothetical uneven-aged thinning program (thinning based on stand density index) results in positive net market welfare. Net welfare results are the same over a range of different subsidy and administrative fee assumptions. An implication is that even-aged thinning regimes on federal lands in the U.S. West are less economical and therefore will be less effective. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ince, Peter J.; Spelter, Henry; Skog, Kenneth E.; Kramp, Andrew] USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Dykstra, Dennis P.] USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR USA. RP Ince, PJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM pince@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 10 IS 6 BP 363 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2007.03.002 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 333UG UT WOS:000258177400004 ER PT J AU Prestemon, JP Abt, KL Huggett, RJ AF Prestemon, Jeffrey P. Abt, Karen L. Huggett, Robert J., Jr. TI Market impacts of a multiyear mechanical fuel treatment program in the US SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE quadratic program; fire; fuel treatments; welfare; subsidies ID ECONOMICS; REFORMULATION; WILDFIRE; MODEL; COST AB We describe a two-stage model of global log and chip markets that evaluates the spatial and temporal economic effects ofgovernment-subsidized fire-related mechanical fuel treatment programs in the U.S. West and South. The first stage is a goal program that allocates subsidies according to fire risk and location priorities, given a budget and a feasible, market-clearing market solution. The second stage is a quadratic welfare maximization spatial equilibrium model ofindividual State and global product markets, subject to the fuel treatment allocation. Results show that the program enhances timber market welfare in regions where treatments occur and globally but has an overall negative economic impact, once fuel treatment program costs are included. The overall cost of a mechanical fuel treatment program, when considering timber market welfare, transport costs, treatment costs, and timber receipts, exceeds $1000 per acre, implying that the long run fire effects and ecosystem net benefits ofa treatment program would need to exceed this figure in order to justify widespread implementation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Prestemon, Jeffrey P.; Abt, Karen L.; Huggett, Robert J., Jr.] USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Prestemon, JP (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, POB 12254, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jprestemon@fs.fed.us NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 10 IS 6 BP 386 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2008.01.004 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 333UG UT WOS:000258177400006 ER PT J AU Huggett, RJ Abt, KL Shepperd, W AF Huggett, Robert J., Jr. Abt, Karen L. Shepperd, Wayne TI Efficacy of mechanical fuel treatments for reducing wildfire hazard SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE wildfire; risk; fuel treatments; stand density index ID POTENTIAL FIRE BEHAVIOR; CROWN FIRE; FOREST; USA AB Mechanical fuel treatments are increasingly being used for wildfire hazard reduction in the western U.S. However, the efficacy of these treatments for reducing wildfire hazard at a landscape scale is difficult to quantify, especially when including growth following treatment. A set of uneven- and even-aged treatments designed to reduce fire hazard were simulated on 0.8 million hectares of timberland in Colorado. Wildfire hazard ratings using torching and crowning indices were developed: stands were selected for treatment: treatment was simulated and hazard ratings were reassessed. The results show that the even-aged treatments initially place more area within our hazard thresholds than do the uneven-aged treatments and that the uneven-aged treatment that removes more small stems reduces risk more than the treatment removing more large stems. The treatment costs follow the same pattern, with the even-aged treatments costing least. However, potential revenues are, as expected, higher for the uneven-aged large treatment. The results also show that both higher costs and higher revenues accrue to the treatments applied to the higher risk stands. Treatments also have differing risk reductions depending on the initial risk category. Even without considering growth or revenues, the outcomes of a state-level treatment program are difficult to estimate. This implies that at a minimum, forest-level, if not state-level analyses including overall measures of risk reduction, costs, revenues and long-term effects need to be conducted in concert with setting priorities for treating timberlands. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Huggett, Robert J., Jr.; Abt, Karen L.] USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Shepperd, Wayne] USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Huggett, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, POB 12254, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM rhuggett@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 10 IS 6 BP 408 EP 414 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2008.03.003 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 333UG UT WOS:000258177400008 ER PT J AU Prestemon, JP Abt, K Gebert, K AF Prestemon, Jeffrey P. Abt, Karen Gebert, Krista TI Suppression cost forecasts in advance of wildfire seasons SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE US Forest Service; budget; firefighting; seemingly unrelated regression; time series; suppression cost ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL FOREST; EL-NINO; FIRE; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; MANAGEMENT; AREA AB Approaches for forecasting wildfire suppression costs in advance of a wildfire season are demonstrated for two lead times: fall and spring of the current fiscal year (Oct. 1-Sept. 30). Model functional forms are derived from aggregate expressions of a least cost plus net value change model. Empirical estimates of these models are used to generate advance-of-season forecasts. Cost forecasts involve estimation of suppression cost equations by geographical region based on a time series of historical data (1977-2006) of costs, a time trend, and climate variables, forecasts of the next season's suppression costs, by region and in total across all regions, and Generation of suppression cost forecast probability distributions by region and in aggregate. The forecasts are also evaluated historically for their goodness of fit using cross-validation techniques. The two lead time forecast models are compared with the 10-year moving average of suppression costs, currently used as a budget request formula by the US Forest Service. Results show that the spring forecast of suppression costs is statistically no better than the fall forecast for predicting the coming season's costs. However, both the spring and fall forecasts significantly outperform the 10-year moving average, reducing forecast errors by approximately 60%. C1 [Prestemon, Jeffrey P.; Abt, Karen] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Gebert, Krista] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Prestemon, JP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jprestemon@fs.fed.us; kabt@fs.fed.us; kgebert@fs.fed.us NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 4 BP 381 EP 396 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 335HS UT WOS:000258282000001 ER PT J AU Sabo, KE Hart, SC Sieg, CH Bailey, JD AF Sabo, Kyla E. Hart, Stephen C. Sieg, Carolyn Hull Bailey, John Duff TI Tradeoffs in overstory and understory aboveground net primary productivity in southwestern ponderosa pine stands SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aboveground tree production; aboveground understory production; basal area; thinning and prescribed burning; northern Arizona ID ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION TREATMENTS; BELOW-GROUND PRODUCTION; FOREST STRUCTURE; BLACK-HILLS; NORTHERN ARIZONA; SOUTH-DAKOTA; FIRE; VEGETATION; NITROGEN; ECOSYSTEMS AB Previous studies in ponderosa pine forests have quantified the relationship between overstory stand characteristics and understory production using tree measurements such as basal area. We built on these past studies by evaluating the tradeoff between overstory and understory aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) in southwestern ponderosa pine forests at the landscape level and over a gradient of stand structural types and burn histories. We measured overstory and understory attributes in 2004 and 2005 in four stand structural types (unmanaged, thinned, thinned and burned, and low basal area thinned and burned) relative to a stand-replacing wildfire site. Thinning alone and with prescribed burning reduced stand-level wood and total tree production relative to unmanaged stands. Understory (herbaceous) ANPP was highest in wildfire stands and low basal area thinned and burned plots but did not differ among the other stand structural types, apparently because of high residual basal area and relatively uniform tree spacing. Contemporary ponderosa pine forests are low productivity ecosystems that exhibit a threshold response between reductions in tree density and increases in understory production at similar to 5.9 m(2) ha. We calculated the slope of the relationship between tree and herbaceous ANPP to be -0.14, which was lower than the values we estimated from other, more productive savanna ecosystems. Our results suggest that to maintain more fire-resistant and hence sustainable southwestern ponderosa pine ecosystems, tree densities need to be substantially reduced from contemporary levels. Large, landscape-level reductions in tree density will decrease total ecosystem production of this forest type, but this reduction will probably be small relative to ecosystem production losses after widespread, stand-replacing wildfires. C1 [Sabo, Kyla E.; Hart, Stephen C.; Sieg, Carolyn Hull] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Hart, Stephen C.] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Sieg, Carolyn Hull] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Expt Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Bailey, John Duff] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Sieg, CH (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, POB 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Rhea10@aol.com; Steve.Hart@nau.edu; csieg@fs.fed.us; John.Bailey@oregonstate.edu NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 4 BP 408 EP 416 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 335HS UT WOS:000258282000003 ER PT J AU Butry, D Donovan, G AF Butry, David Donovan, Geoffrey TI Protect thy neighbor: Investigating the spatial externalities of community wildfire hazard mitigation SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE risk; wildland-urban interface; firewise; fire economics ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; CELLULAR-AUTOMATON MODEL; HERD-IMMUNITY; SIMULATING FIRE; RISK; VACCINATION; DECISIONS; REDUCTION; PATTERNS; PROGRAMS AB Climate change, increased wildland fuels, and residential development patterns in fire-prone areas all combine to make wildfire risk mitigation an important public policy issue. One approach to wildfire risk mitigation is to encourage homeowners to use fire-resistant building materials and to create defensible spaces around their homes. We develop a theoretical model of interdependent household wildfire risk and mathematically introduce two new concepts of the benefits accruing from hazard mitigation: direct and spillover (indirect) damage averted. We explore how firewise communities can best spend and position mitigation resources to maximize the sum of direct and spillover damage averted. Simulating wildfire behavior within a fire-prone community, our results indicate that homeowners' wildfire risk reduction actions can have significant, positive spillover effects on the wildfire risk of neighboring houses. In such cases, individual homeowners may engage in inefficient levels of wildfire risk mitigation when viewed from the community perspective. We use a simulation approach to demonstrate that wildfire risk reduction is most effective when concentrated in houses at the interface of communities and wildlands. C1 [Butry, David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Appl Econ, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Donovan, Geoffrey] US Forest Serv, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Butry, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Appl Econ, 100 Bureau Dr,Mailstop 8603, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.butry@nist.gov; gdonovan@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 4 BP 417 EP 428 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 335HS UT WOS:000258282000004 ER PT J AU Roesch, FA AF Roesch, Francis A. TI An alternative view of continuous forest inventories SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE spatial-temporal sample design; estimation; forest change AB A generalized three-dimensional concept of continuous forest inventories applicable to all common forest sample designs is presented and discussed. The concept recognizes the forest through time as a three-dimensional population, two dimensions in land area and the third in time. The sample is selected from a finite three-dimensional partitioning of the population. The partitioning is analogous to carving the volume into pieces like a three-dimensional jigsaw puzzle. Each puzzle piece is defined by the selection volumes of observation sets on the individual trees existing in the forest during the period of interest. The concept is a temporal extension of an alternative view of forest sampling offered in Roesch et al. (1993, Sur. Methods 19(2):199-204) and results in a finite number of independently selected three-dimensional sample units. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Roesch, FA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 200 WT Weaver Blvd, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM froesch@fs.fed.us NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 4 BP 455 EP 464 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 335HS UT WOS:000258282000007 ER PT J AU Robles, MD Flather, CH Stein, SM Nelson, MD Cutko, A AF Robles, Marcos D. Flather, Curtis H. Stein, Susan M. Nelson, Mark D. Cutko, Andrew TI The geography of private forests that support at-risk species in the conterminous United States SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID LANDS; FLORIDA; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION AB In this study, we present a coarse-scale, first approximation of the geographic areas where privately owned forests support at-risk species in the conterminous United States. At-risk species are defined as those species listed under the US Endangered Species Act or with a global conservation status rank of critically imperiled, imperiled, or vulnerable. Our results indicate that two-thirds of the watersheds in the conterminous US contain at-risk species associated with private forests, with counts ranging from one to 101 species. Those watersheds with the greatest number and density of such species are found in the Southeast, Midwest, and west coast states. Many private forests are threatened by land-use conversion. Those forests projected to experience the greatest increase in housing density within the next 25 years, and with relatively high densities of at-risk species, are found in over 100 watersheds, most of them in the Southeastern states. C1 [Robles, Marcos D.; Cutko, Andrew] NatureServe, Arlington, VA USA. [Flather, Curtis H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Stein, Susan M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Nelson, Mark D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. RP Robles, MD (reprint author), NatureServe, Arlington, VA USA. EM mrobles@tnc.org RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 6 IS 6 BP 301 EP 307 DI 10.1890/070106 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 334VK UT WOS:000258249200015 ER PT J AU Herrick, J AF Herrick, Jeff TI A lunch date with your future: exploring non-academic jobs through personal interviews - Response SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Herrick, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jherrick@nmsu.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 6 IS 6 BP 338 EP 338 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 334VK UT WOS:000258249200021 ER PT J AU Moser, BR Erhan, SZ AF Moser, Bryan R. Erhan, Sevim Z. TI Branched chain derivatives of alkyl oleates: Tribological, rheological, oxidation, and low temperature properties SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE additives; biodiesel; branched chain ethers ID ALTERNATIVE DIESEL FUELS; ALPHA-HYDROXY ETHERS; METHYL-ESTERS; VEGETABLE-OILS; BIODIESEL; PETRODIESEL; COMPONENTS; SERIES AB We report the evaluation of four previously prepared oleochemical branched chain ethers (1-4) and soybean oil methyl esters (SME) against cloud point, pour point, oxidation stability, kinematic viscosity, specific gravity, lubricity, and surface tension. Ethers 1-4 exhibited excellent low temperature, oxidation stability, and lubricity behavior; however, at low blend levels (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 wt%) in SME, 1-4 had minimal impact on cloud point and pour point of SME. The specific gravity and surface tension behavior of 1-4 are nearly identical to SME. Ethers 1-4 displayed increased viscosity when compared to SME, but were still within ASTM D 6751 specifications at low blend levels in SME. Conversely, ethers 3 and 4 at 2.0%, in SME were out of specification for kinematic viscosity in EN 14214. Both SME and 1-4 exhibited excellent tribological properties, as evidenced by HFRR wear scar behavior well within prescribed ASTM and CEN petrodiesel specifications. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Moser, Bryan R.; Erhan, Sevim Z.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Bryan.Moser@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD AUG PY 2008 VL 87 IS 10-11 BP 2253 EP 2257 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.01.005 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 302ZL UT WOS:000256008600059 ER PT J AU Hu, PS Wise, RP AF Hu, Pingsha Wise, Roger P. TI Diversification of Lrk/Tak kinase gene clusters is associated with subfunctionalization and cultivar-specific transcript accumulation in barley SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Lrk; Tak; duplication; evolution; gene cluster ID RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE; DISEASE-RESISTANCE GENE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; POWDERY MILDEW; GENOME; ARABIDOPSIS; EVOLUTION; EXPRESSION; FAMILY AB Lrk (Lr10 receptor-like kinase) and Tak (Triticum aestivum kinase) belong to the receptor-like kinase (RLK) supergene family in higher plants. Three Lrk/Tak gene regions spanning greater than 600 kb were identified via a genome-wide survey of barley gene-rich BAC clones. Two Lrk/Tak gene clusters are positioned on barley chromosome 3 (3H) and another is localized on chromosome 5 (1H), with each Lrk and Tak open reading frame physically positioned in a back-to-back orientation. Thirteen new Lrk/Tak-like fragments were cloned from the two clusters on 3H and the single cluster on 1H, respectively, and compared phylogenetically with other grass Lrk/Tak-like genes, including a 280-kb Lrk/Tak cluster on rice chromosome 1S. Physically clustered Lrk/Tak-like genes always form monophyletic groups; this suggests that the primary mechanism of expansion of the Lrk/Tak RLK super family was by tandem duplication, of which most members were duplicated after speciation of the Poaceae. Cultivar-dependent transcript accumulation of some Lrk/Tak family members on 3H, as revealed via Barley1 GeneChip microarray analysis, is consistent with the hypothesis of subfunctionalization of Lrk/Tak members following tandem duplication. C1 [Wise, Roger P.] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Interdepartmental Genet Program, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Plant Responses Environm Stresses, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wise, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res, 411 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rpwise@iastate.edu NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 3 BP 199 EP 209 DI 10.1007/s10142-008-0077-8 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 318ZO UT WOS:000257131600003 PM 18414912 ER PT J AU Gu, XY Turnipseed, EB Foley, ME AF Gu, Xing-You Turnipseed, E. Brent Foley, Michael E. TI The qSD12 locus controls offspring tissue-imposed seed dormancy in rice SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; SEGREGATION DISTORTION; MOLECULAR MARKERS; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; CULTIVATED RICE; BACKCROSS; WHEAT; IDENTIFICATION; ARABIDOPSIS AB Seed component structures were grouped into maternal and offspring (embryo and endosperm) tissues to characterize a dormancy quantitative trait locus (QTL) for tissue-specific function using a marker-assisted genetic approach. The approach was devised to test if genotypic/allelic frequencies of a marker tightly linked to the QTL deviate from Mendelian expectations in germinated and nongerminated subpopulations derived from a segregation population of partially after-ripened seeds and was applied to the dormancy QTL qSD12 and qSD7-1 in a nearly isogenic background of rice. Experimental results unambiguously demonstrated that qSD12 functions in the offspring tissue(s) and suggested that qSD7-1 may control dormancy through the maternal tissues. These experiments also provide the first solid evidence that an offspring tissue-imposed dormancy gene contributes to the segregation distortion in a mapping population developed from partially after-ripened seeds and, in part, to the germination heterogeneity of seeds from hybrid plants. Offspring and maternal tissue-imposed dormancy genes express in very early and late stages of the life cycle, respectively, and interact to provide the species with complementary adaptation strategies. The qSD12 locus was narrowed to the region of similar to 600 kbp on high-resolution map to facilitate cloning and marker-assisted selection of the major dormancy gene. C1 [Gu, Xing-You; Turnipseed, E. Brent] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Foley, Michael E.] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Gu, XY (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, SNP248D,Box 2140C, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Xingyou.gu@sdstate.edu NR 52 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD AUG PY 2008 VL 179 IS 4 BP 2263 EP 2273 DI 10.1534/genetics.108.092007 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 339QD UT WOS:000258591200043 PM 18711220 ER PT J AU Moon, HS Nicholson, JS Lewis, RS AF Moon, H. S. Nicholson, J. S. Lewis, R. S. TI Use of transferable Nicotiana tabacum L. microsatellite markers for investigating genetic diversity in the genus Nicotiana SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE microsatellite markers; tobacco; Nicotiana tabacum; genetic diversity ID EST-SSR MARKERS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; WHEAT MICROSATELLITES; BREAD WHEAT; A-GENOME; B-GENOME; TOBACCO; SOLANACEAE; SEQUENCE; RESISTANCE AB The recent development of microsatellite markers for tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L., may be valuable for genetic Studies within the genus Nicotiana. The first objective Was to evaluate transferability of 100 N. tabacum microsatellite primer combinations to 5 diploid species closely related to tobacco. The number of primer combinations that amplified scorable bands in these species ranged from 42 to 56. Additional objectives were to assess levels of genetic diversity amongst available accessions of diploid relatives closely related to tobacco (species of sections Sylvestres and Tomentosae), and to evaluate the efficacy of microsatellite markers for establishing species relationships in comparison with existing phylogenetic reconstructions. A subset of 46 primer combinations was therefore used to genotype 3 synthetic tobaccos and an expanded collection of 51 Nicotiano accessions representing 15 species. The average genetic similarity for 7 diverse accessions of tobacco was greater than the average similarity for N. otophora accessions. but lower than the average genetic similarities for N. sylvestris, N. tomentosa, N. kawakamii, and N. tomentosiformis accessions. A microsatellite-based phylogenetic tree was largely congruent with taxonomic representations based oil morphological, cytological, and Molecular observations. Results will be useful for selection of parents for creation of diploid mapping populations and for germplasm introgression activities. C1 [Moon, H. S.; Lewis, R. S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Nicholson, J. S.] USDA APHIS Plant Protect & Quarantine, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Lewis, RS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Campus Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ramsey_lewis@ncsu.edu FU Philip Morris USA FX This research was financially supported by Philip Morris USA. We are grateful to Philip Morris International for providing LIS With microsatellite primer sequences prior to publication of their sequences. We also thank the Radboud University Botanical and Experimental Garden, Altadis Institut du Tabac, Australian Tropical Crops and Forages Collection, and the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research for providing us with the germplasm accessions used in this research. NR 74 TC 20 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD AUG PY 2008 VL 51 IS 8 BP 547 EP 559 DI 10.1139/G08-039 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 342VQ UT WOS:000258812100003 PM 18650945 ER PT J AU De Souza, IRP Schuelter, AR Guimaraes, CT Schuster, I De Oliveira, E Redinbaugh, M AF Prazeres De Souza, Isabel Regina Schuelter, Adilson Ricken Guimaraes, Claudia Teixeira Schuster, Ivan De Oliveira, Elizabeth Redinbaugh, Margaret TI Mapping QTL contributing to SCMV resistance in tropical maize SO HEREDITAS LA English DT Article ID SUGARCANE MOSAIC-VIRUS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; AFLP MARKERS; GENE; DISEASE; MDM1; SSR AB Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) has been increasing in importance as a maize disease in Brazil. In this study, we mapped and characterized quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to SCMV in a maize population consisting of 150 F-2:3 families from the cross between two tropical maize inbred lines, L520 (resistant) and L19 (susceptible). F-2 individuals were genotyped with microsatellite (SSR) markers, and the derived F-2:3 families were evaluated for their response to artificial inoculation with SCMV under field conditions at Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil, in 2001 and 2005. Multiple interval mapping was used for QTL detection with a linkage map based on 19 SSR markers. Three QTLs for SCMV resistance were identified with two QTLs (Scm2a and Scm2b) clustered on chromosome 3, bin 3.04, and one QTL (Scm1) on chromosome 6, bin 6.01, explaining 13.34, 41.85 and 7.66% of the phenotypic variation for SCMV resistance, respectively. C1 [Prazeres De Souza, Isabel Regina; Guimaraes, Claudia Teixeira; De Oliveira, Elizabeth] Embrapa Milho & Sorgo, BR-35701970 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. [Schuelter, Adilson Ricken] Univ Paranaense, Toledo, PR, Brazil. [Schuster, Ivan] Coodetec, Cascavel, PR, Brazil. [Redinbaugh, Margaret] Ohio State Univ, USDA, ARS Corn & Soybean Res, Wooster, OH USA. [Redinbaugh, Margaret] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH USA. RP De Souza, IRP (reprint author), Embrapa Milho & Sorgo, Caixa Postal 151, BR-35701970 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. EM isabel@cnpms.embrapa.br OI Schuster, Ivan/0000-0002-5781-2339 FU FAPEMIG (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais); Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation) FX The current work was supported by grants from FAPEMIG (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais) and Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation). We thank Celio Ramos das Neves for help conducting field trials. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0018-0661 J9 HEREDITAS JI Hereditas PD AUG PY 2008 VL 145 IS 4 BP 167 EP 173 DI 10.1111/j.2008.0018-0661.02006.x PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 348UX UT WOS:000259236700004 ER PT J AU Finn, CE Clark, JR AF Finn, Chad E. Clark, John R. TI Register of new fruit and nut cultivars list 44 SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Finn, Chad E.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Clark, John R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort Plant Sci 316, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Finn, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1321 EP 1343 PG 23 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 329XN UT WOS:000257904000001 ER PT J AU McCreight, JD AF McCreight, James D. TI Potential sources of genetic resistance in Lactuca spp. the lettuce aphid Nasanovia ribisnigri (Mosely) (Homoptera : Aphididae) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE currant-lettuce aphid; germplasm; Lactuca perennis; Lactuca saligna; Lactuca sativa; Lactuca serriola; Lactuca virosa; red aphid ID LEAF APHIDS; MACROSIPHUM-EUPHORBIA; UROLEUCON-SONCHI; ICEBERG LETTUCE; INHERITANCE; VIROSA; NIGRI AB Lettuce aphid, Nasanovia ribisnigri (Mosely) (Homoptera: Aphididae), is an economically important pest of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). High-level resistance found in a wild relative, Lactuca virosa L. accession PIVT 280, is conditioned by the Nr gene, which has been transferred to European cultivars and is being commercially transferred to U.S.-adapted cultivars. New sources of resistance to guard against possible resistance-breaking strains of lettuce aphid were sought in a greenhouse screening of 1203 accessions of lettuce, which included 1047 accessions of L. sativa L., seven accessions of Lactuca perennis L., 18 accessions of Lactuca saligna L., 125 accessions of L. serriola L., and six accessions of L. virosa L. Two new and potentially unique sources of resistance to lettuce aphid were found in L. serriola accession PI 491093 and L. virosa accession PI 274378. The genetic relationship of resistance in PI 491093 and PI 274378 with that in PIVT 280 remains to be determined. C1 ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP McCreight, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM james.mccreight@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1355 EP 1358 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 329XN UT WOS:000257904000004 ER PT J AU Kousik, CS Levi, A Ling, KS Wechter, WP AF Kousik, Chandrasekar S. Levi, Amnon Ling, Kai-Shu Wechter, W. Patrick TI Potential sources of resistance to cucurbit powdery mildew in US plant introductions of bottle gourd SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE host plant resistance; breeding; Lagenaria spp.; Podosphaera xanthii; Sphaerotheca fuliginea ID YELLOW-MOSAIC-VIRUS; LAGENARIA-SICERARIA; SPHAEROTHECA-FULIGINEA; TRIPLOID WATERMELON; RACE-1; ERYSIPHACEAE; GERMPLASM; CUCUMBER; GROWTH; MELON AB Powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthii) can cause severe damage to cucurbit crops grown in open fields and greenhouses. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the United States in grafting watermelon plants onto various cucurbit rootstocks. Bottle gourd plants (Lagenaria siceraria) are being used throughout the world as rootstocks for grafting watermelon. Although gourd plants are beneficial, they may still be susceptible hosts to various soilborne and foliar diseases. Bottle gourd plant introductions (PI) resistant to diseases and pests can be a valuable source of germplasm in rootstock breeding programs. We evaluated 234 U.S. PIs of L. siceraria for tolerance to powdery mildew in two greenhouse tests. Young seedlings were inoculated by dusting powdery mildew spores of melon race 1 on the cotyledons. Plants were rated 2 weeks after inoculation using a 1 to 9 scale of increasing disease severity. Although none of the L. siceraria Pis were immune to powdery mildew, several Pis had significantly lower levels of powdery mildew severity compared with susceptible watermelon cultivar Mickey Lee. The experiment was repeated with 26 select Pis on whole seedlings and cotyledon disks. Significant variability in the level of resistance to powdery mildew on plants within PI was observed. Moderate resistance in several Pis to powdery mildew was confirmed. PI 271353 had consistently lower ratings in the various tests and can be considered the most resistant to P, xanthii race 1 among the L. siceraria accessions evaluated in this study. A few other Pis with moderate resistance to powdery mildew included PI 271357, PI 381840, and PI 273663. These results suggest that novel sources of resistance could be developed by careful selection and screening of several of the Pis with moderate resistance described in our study. C1 [Kousik, Chandrasekar S.; Levi, Amnon; Ling, Kai-Shu; Wechter, W. Patrick] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Kousik, CS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM shaker.kousik@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1359 EP 1364 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 329XN UT WOS:000257904000005 ER PT J AU Volk, GM Richards, CM AF Volk, Gayle M. Richards, Christopher M. TI Availability of genotypic data for USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System accessions using the Genetic Resources Information Network (GRIN) database SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GRIN database; molecular marker; microsatellite; bioinformatic; genetic resources AB The USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) provides critical genetic resources to researchers and breeders worldwide. Users of the NPGS materials need access to data for genetic and descriptive characteristics of the plant materials. New tables and codes have been added to the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database to hold raw data relating to molecular markers and alleles. The revised tables accommodate multiple marker types; provide raw data for individuals; accept polyploid data; and provide a record of methods, standards, and control values. A long-term goal is to make the GRIN molecular tables fully interoperable with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database as well as bioinformatic databases (model organism and clade organism databases). The development of this capacity provides critical data infrastructure for future genotype-phenotype association studies and gene discovery. C1 [Volk, Gayle M.; Richards, Christopher M.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Gayle.Volk@ars.usda.gov RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013 OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1365 EP 1366 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 329XN UT WOS:000257904000006 ER PT J AU Finn, CE Thomas, AL Byers, PL Serce, S AF Finn, Chad E. Thomas, Andrew L. Byers, Patrick L. Serce, Sedat TI Evaluation of American (Sambucus canadensis) and European (S. nigra) elderberry genotypes grown in diverse environments and implications for cultivar development SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cultivar; genotype x environment interaction; phenology; yield AB American (Sambucus canadensis L.) elderberry genotypes were evaluated at multiple locations, whereas European (S. nigra L.) elderberry genotypes were evaluated at a single location to assess genotypic differences and, for genotypes evaluated at multiple locations, to determine genotype x environment interactions (G x E). Seventeen S. canadensis genotypes were planted in replicated trials at Missouri State University (Mountain Grove, MO) and at the University of Missouri (Mt. Vernon, MO) or at the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service in Oregon (Corvallis). 'Johns', 'Netzer', 'Adams II', and 'Gordon B' were in common at all locations. In addition, three genotypes of S. nigra, which are not winter-hardy in Missouri, were planted in Oregon. All plants were established in 2003 and evaluated in 2004, 2005, and, for some traits, in 2006. Plants were evaluated for phenology (e.g., dates of budbreak, first flowering, full flowering, and first ripening), vegetative growth (e.g., number of shoots and plant height), yield components (e.g., total yield, number of cymes, cyme weight, and berry weight), and for pest incidence (e.g., eriophyid mites). For the genotypes in common to all locations, there were significant differences resulting from genotype, location, year, and the interactions for various traits. Although the trend was for Corvallis to have the highest and Mt. Vernon the lowest yield, there was no significant location effect. The significant genotype x environment interaction appeared to be primarily the result of the differential performance of 'Johns', which was generally high-yielding in Corvallis and low-yielding at both Missouri locations. The significant G x E suggests that as the Missouri institutions develop new cultivars, it will be important to test them individually at other locations and not rely on their relative performance compared with standards in Missouri. For the genotypes in common to the two Missouri sites, there was significant variation for many traits. Although there were no differences among genotypes for yield across the locations, there was a significant G x E. Although there were some small changes in performance among the sites for yield, the most dramatic changes were for 'Wyldewood 1' that was the second highest yielding genotype at Mountain Grove and the second worst at Mt. Vernon. Plant growth in Oregon was 40% and 60% greater than at Mountain Grove and Mt. Vernon, respectively, when the plants were first measured. In Oregon, the two Sambucus species behaved differently. Phenologically, although the S. nigra genotypes flowered approximate to 3 weeks earlier than the S. canadensis genotypes, they ripened at the same time, thereby shortening their exposure to potential biotic and abiotic stress. 'Johns', 'York', 'Golden', and 'Gordon B' were the highest yielding S. canadensis genotypes and 'Korsor' the highest of the S. nigra genotypes. Although 'Korsor' is considered high-yielding in Denmark, it did not yield as well as the highest yielding S. canadensis cultivars. C1 [Finn, Chad E.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Serce, Sedat] Mustafa Kemal Univ, Dept Hort, TR-31034 Antakya, Hatay, Turkey. [Byers, Patrick L.] Missouri State Univ, State Fruit Expt Stn, Mt Grove, MO 65711 USA. [Thomas, Andrew L.] Univ Missouri, SW Res Ctr, Mt Vernon, MO 65712 USA. RP Finn, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Chad.Finn@ars.usda.gov RI Serce, Sedat/D-4105-2013 OI Serce, Sedat/0000-0003-4584-2028 NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1385 EP 1391 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 329XN UT WOS:000257904000011 ER PT J AU Shellie, K Glenn, DM AF Shellie, Krista Glenn, D. Michael TI Wine grape response to foliar particle film under differing levels of preveraison water stress SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vitis vinifera; 'Merlot'; 'Viognier'; reflectant; antitranspirant; leaf water potential; stomatal conductance; evapotranspiration ID VITIS-VINIFERA L.; LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE; STOMATAL CONTROL; AIR HUMIDITY; VINE; DEFICITS; BERRIES; YIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CONDUCTANCE AB We investigated how foliar application of kaolin particle film influenced diurnal leaf gas exchange, leaf water potential, yield, and berry maturity of a red ('Merlot') and white ('Viognier') wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivar under differing levels of water stress over two growing seasons (2005 and 2006) in the warm, semiarid climate of southwestern Idaho. Net diurnal stomatalm conductance (g(S)) was increased by particle film and the effect varied according to vine water status. Particle film delayed the onset of diurnal decline in g(S) under mild water stress (leaf water potential approximate to -1.2 MPa) but had no influence on leaf gas exchange when vines were under greater water stress (leaf water potential approximate to -1.4 MPa). Correlation between soluble solids concentration and titratable acidity ('Viognier') and between berry fresh weight and yield ('Merlot') was higher with than without particle film, suggesting that particle film may attenuate the influence of other factors affecting expression of these traits. Particle film was associated with an increase in berry weight in 'Merlot' and with an increase in berry soluble solids concentration in 'Viognier', suggesting that the film may increase vine-carrying capacity. Midday leaf water potential throughout the growing season was not influenced by particle film. Fruit surface browning was observed on deficit-irrigated, particle film-treated vines on exposed clusters on the west side of the canopy, indicating that the film did not eliminate development of heat stress symptoms on fruit under the most extreme environmental conditions evaluated in this study. C1 [Shellie, Krista] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Parma, ID 83660 USA. [Glenn, D. Michael] Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Shellie, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, 29603 U 1 Lane, Parma, ID 83660 USA. EM Krista.Shellie@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1392 EP 1397 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 329XN UT WOS:000257904000012 ER PT J AU Zheljazkov, VI Cantrell, CL Ebelhar, MW Rowe, DE Coker, C AF Zheljazkov, Valtcho I. Cantrell, Charles L. Ebelhar, M. Wayne Rowe, Dennis E. Coker, Christine TI Productivity, oil content, and oil composition of sweet basil as a function of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ocimum basilicum; essential oil; (-)-linalool; eugenol; (-)-bornyl acetate; eucalyptol ID GROWTH; YIELD; CULTIVARS; QUALITY; L.; ACCESSIONS; MANAGEMENT; CROPS; FIELD AB Nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) were believed to be important nutrient management tools for the production of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L. 'German') with desirable oil content and composition and acceptable herbage yields. A multilocation research study was initiated to evaluate the effect of N (0, 60,120, and 180 kg.ha(-1) N) and S (0, 20, 40, and 80 kg.ha(-1) S) rates on biomass production, oil content, and oil composition for sweet basil. The three locations in Mississippi (Stoneville, Poplarville, and Verona) were selected based on soil type, geographic, and climatic variation. Location, N rate, and their interaction were significant on basil dry herbage yields. The herbage yield means were 4967 kg.ha(-1), 2907 kg.ha(-1), and 2122 kg.ha(-1) for Poplarville, Verona, and Stoneville, respectively. Oil content was significantly affected by location with means of 0.69%, 0.80%, and 0.64% for Stoneville, Poplarville, and Verona, respectively. Location, N, and S had significant effects on oil yields with means of 14.7, 38.7, and 18.5 kg.ha(-1) for Stoneville, Poplarville, and Verona, respectively. The significant quadratic response of essential oil yields to N fertilization rates showed oil yields were maximized for fertilization between 50 and 60 kg.ha(-1) N. In contrast, the response to S fertilization appeared to continue to increase beyond the maximum fertilization rate evaluated of 80 kg.ha(-1) S. Location and N application rates had a significant effect on the yields of the major basil oil constituents (-)-linalool, eugenol, (-)-bornyl acetate, and eucalyptol, whereas S had a significant effect on eucalyptol yield only. Eucalyptol concentration was positively correlated to the concentration of (-)-bornyl acetate. This is the first study to quantify (in real concentration) the response of the major sweet basil oil constituents (-)linalool, eugenol, (-)-bornyl acetate, and eucalyptol as a function of N and S application rates. Also, it is the first study to demonstrate a strong response of basil oil yield to S. The results from this study demonstrated that N and S applications can be used as management tools with respect to sweet basil production, oil content, and oil composition. C1 [Zheljazkov, Valtcho I.] Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, Verona, MS 38879 USA. [Cantrell, Charles L.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Ebelhar, M. Wayne] Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Rowe, Dennis E.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Coker, Christine] Mississippi State Univ, Coastal Res & Extens Ctr, Biloxi, MS 39532 USA. RP Zheljazkov, VI (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, 5421 Highway 145 S, Verona, MS 38879 USA. EM vj40@pss.msstate.edu NR 36 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1415 EP 1422 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 329XN UT WOS:000257904000016 ER PT J AU Wells, ML Wood, BW AF Wells, M. Lenny Wood, Bruce W. TI Foliar boron and nickel applications reduce water-stage fruit-split of pecan SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Carya illinoinensis; foliar fertilization; micronutrients; fruit drop; nuclear endosperm; yield ID MOUSE-EAR; MATURING PECANS; DEFICIENCY; CRACKING; PLANTS; PRUNE AB Water-stage fruit-split (WSFS) is a relatively common and often major problem of certain pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] cultivars. This study evaluates the possibility that the malady can be influenced by improving tree micronutrient nutrition. Foliar sprays of boron (B) and nickel (Ni) to WSFS-susceptible fruit of 'Cape Fear' and 'Sumner' are evaluated based on the possibility that either B or Ni potentially affects the severity of WSFS exhibited by trees. Although the incidence of WSFS on 'Cape Fear' was unaffected by micronutrient sprays, the severity of WSFS was substantially reduced in each of the 3 study years by foliar B application and in 2005 by foliar Ni application. Repeated foliar sprays of Ni also reduced WSFS of 'Sumner' fruit. These data indicate that improving either B or Ni nutrition can potentially reduce crop loss resulting from WSFS in certain orchard situations and provides evidence that insufficient availability of B or Ni to developing ovary tissues potentially predisposes developing fruit to WSFS when environmental triggers occur. C1 [Wells, M. Lenny] Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Wood, Bruce W.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Wells, ML (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, 4604 Res Wy, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM lwells@uga.edu NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1437 EP 1440 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 329XN UT WOS:000257904000019 ER PT J AU Pusey, PL Rudell, DR Curry, EA Mattheis, JP AF Pusey, P. Lawrence Rudell, David R. Curry, Eric A. Mattheis, James P. TI Characterization of stigma exudates in aqueous extracts from apple and pear flowers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pyrus communis; Malus pumila; Malus mandshurica; Erwinia amylovora; Rosaceae ID POLLEN-TUBE GROWTH; ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; FIRE BLIGHT; ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION; ARABINOGALACTAN-PROTEINS; EPIPHYTIC COLONIZATION; SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PYRUS-COMMUNIS; PRUNUS-AVIUM AB The stigmatic secretions of pomaceous flowers serve as a natural medium not only for pollen; but also for the pathogen Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al. and other microorganisms. To understand the microecology on the stigma, exudates from cultivars of pear (Pyres communis L.), apple (Males pumila P. Mill.), and crab apple [Males mandshurica (Maxim.) Kom.] were analyzed for free sugars and free amino acids as available carbon and nitrogen sources. Extracts were obtained at different stages of anthesis by submerging and sonicating stigmas in water. Certain free sugars (glucose and fructose) and free amino acids (proline, asparagine, glutamic acid, and glutamine) were consistently predominant and increased during anthesis. Apple stigma extracts were also analyzed for polysaccharides and proteins. Of major components identified for apple, free sugars made up 4.5% by mass; polysaccharides (composed of arabinose and galactose), 49.6%; and proteins, 45.9%. The two largest components are likely present as glycoproteins. This may be the first report on characteristics of rosaceous stigma exudates that includes the identity of specific free sugars, free amino acids, and polysaccharide subcomponents. Discussion includes the comparison of pomaceous stigma exudates to those of other plants and the microecological implications. C1 [Pusey, P. Lawrence; Rudell, David R.; Curry, Eric A.; Mattheis, James P.] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Pusey, PL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM larry.pusey@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1471 EP 1478 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 329XN UT WOS:000257904000025 ER PT J AU Nyankanga, RO Olanya, OM Wien, HC El-Bedewy, R Karinga, J OJiambo, PS AF Nyankanga, Richard O. Olanya, Ocen Modesto Wien, Hans C. El-Bedewy, Ramzy Karinga, John OJiambo, Peter S. TI Development of tuber blight (Phytophthora infestans) on potato cultivars based on in vitro assays and field evaluations SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Phytophthora infestans; US-1 genotype; Solanum tuberosum; R-genes; tuber blight; tuber blight prediction ID RESISTANCE; FOLIAGE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFECTION; PATHOGENICITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; UGANDA; SOIL AB Tuber blight may result from infection of wounded or unwounded potato tubers exposed to sporangia from foliar blight, soil, or blighted tubers. However, there are limited data on the prediction of tuber blight in field or storage environment based on in vitro assays. To assess this relationship, potato cultivars with foliar blight resistance (R-genes) and general resistance were evaluated for tuber blight incited by Phytophthora infestans (US-1) based on wound-induced and unwounded tuber inoculations. Surface lesion diameter, lesion depth, and frequency distribution of blighted tubers were assessed in in vitro assays and tuber blight incidence determined in field experiments. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in lesion diameter and depth were recorded among cultivars. Surface lesion diameter, depth, and index ranged from 5 to 40, 2 to 16.3, and 15 to 656 mm, respectively, in wound-inoculated tubers. In nonwounded tuber assays, the incidence of blighted tubers ranged from 0% to 8.7% in both years. Tuber blight infection of potato cultivars varied between years in field studies. Although tuber infection differed among cultivars, the frequency of blighted tubers had a normal statistical distribution irrespective of R-genes, implying that foliar resistance may have limited effect on tuber blight occurrence based on in vitro experiments. Prediction of tuber blight based on inoculation assays can be effectively used to estimate and manage blight development in storage environments. C1 [Olanya, Ocen Modesto] Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Nyankanga, Richard O.] Univ Nairobi, Dept Plant Sci & Crop Protect, Nairobi, Kenya. [Wien, Hans C.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [El-Bedewy, Ramzy] Agr Res Ctr, Kafr El Zayat, Egypt. [Karinga, John] Natl Potato Res Ctr, Tigoni, Limuru, Kenya. [OJiambo, Peter S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Olanya, OM (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM modesto.olanya@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1501 EP 1508 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 329XN UT WOS:000257904000030 ER PT J AU Nagel, AK Schnabel, G Petri, C Scorza, R AF Nagel, Alexis K. Schnabel, Guido Petri, Cesar Scorza, Ralph TI Generation and characterization of transgenic plum lines expressing the Gastrodia antifungal protein SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gastrodia elata; GAFP-1; Phytophthora cinnamomi; Meloidogyne incognita; plum; Prunus; transgenic; tolerance ID PATHOGEN-DERIVED RESISTANCE; CONFERS DISEASE RESISTANCE; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; OVER-EXPRESSION; CRYIA(C) GENE; PLANT-LECTINS; VIRUS; SELECTION AB The Gastrodia antifungal protein (GAFP) is a monocot mannose-binding lectin isolated from the Asiatic orchid Gastrodia elata. This lectin has previously been shown to provide increased resistance in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum against taxonomically unrelated root pathogens Phytophthora nicotianae, Rhizoctonia solani, and Meloidogyne incognita, but its potential to confer disease resistance in tree species is not known. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation yielded three gafp-1 expressing plum lines (Prunus domestica) designated 4J, 4I, and 5D. These lines possessed one, two, and four copies of the gafp-1 gene, respectively, as demonstrated by DNA blotting. Lines 4J and 4I were not phenotypically different from the nontransformed control line, but line 5D showed significant divergence in leaf morphology and growth habit. Compared with the inoculated control line, lines 4J and 4I exhibited increased tolerance to Phytophthora root rot (PRR) caused by P. cinnamomi. When inoculated with the rootknot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, the 4J and 4I lines showed a significantly lower degree of root galling than the inoculated control line. Nematode reproduction, as measured by the presence of egg masses and the number of eggs produced per gram fresh root, was significantly reduced in line 4J compared with the inoculated control line. The results of this study suggest that the expression of gafp-1 in the roots of a woody plant may confer some level of resistance to PRR and root-knot nematode. Long-term field trials will be necessary to confirm this hypothesis. C1 [Schnabel, Guido; Petri, Cesar] Clemson Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Nagel, Alexis K.] Clemson Univ, Dept Biochem & Genet, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Petri, Cesar; Scorza, Ralph] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Schnabel, G (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM schnabe@clemson.edu NR 41 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1514 EP 1521 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 329XN UT WOS:000257904000032 ER PT J AU Scagel, CF Bi, GH Fuchigami, LH Regan, RP AF Scagel, Carolyn F. Bi, Guihong Fuchigami, Leslie H. Regan, Richard P. TI Rate of nitrogen application during the growing season and spraying plants with urea in the autumn alters uptake of other nutrients by deciduous and evergreen container-grown Rhododendron cultivars SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rhododendron 'Cannon's Double'; Rhododendron 'H-1 PJM'; azalea; nutrient use ID SPRING GROWTH; FOLIAR APPLICATION; STORAGE; TREES; FERTILIZER; REMOBILIZATION; TRANSLOCATION; REABSORPTION; FERRUGINEUM; METABOLISM AB The influence of fall sprays with urea on the uptake of nutrients other than nitrogen (N) was assessed using 1-year-old container-grown Rhododendron L. (Rhododendron 'H-1 P.J.M') and azalea (Rhododendron 'Cannon's Double') grown with different rates of N. Plants were grown with a complete fertilizer containing different N rates from May to Sept. 2004 sprayed or not with urea in the fall of 2004 and grown with a complete fertilizer containing different N rates in the spring of 2005. Urea sprays altered uptake of nutrients other than just N although fertilizer application with other nutrients ceased before plants were sprayed with urea. Across a wide range of plant sizes and N status, urea sprays increased net phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) uptake and decreased net potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) uptake during the year of urea application. Spraying plants with urea altered nutrient demand and storage in different plant structures during the winter. For azalea, urea sprays increased P demand by roots, Mn demand by 2004 stems, and Cu demand by stems. Urea also decreased storage of Kin roots and 2004 stems of azalea and Mg in roots. For rhododendron, urea sprays increased P demand by 2003 stems and 2004 leaves and Mn demand by 2004 leaves. Urea sprays also decreased storage of K and Mg in 2004 leaves of rhododendron. For both cultivars, urea sprays increased mobilization of iron (Fe) from storage and demand for Fe in stems. Spraying Rhododendron with urea in the fall altered uptake and demand for certain nutrients during the following spring. Urea sprays in the fall of 2004 increased uptake and possibly demand for P, K, and sulfur during the spring of 2005 for both cultivars, the uptake of calcium by rhododendron, and the uptake of Mg and Mn by azalea. Our results indicate that when growers spray plants with urea in the fall, spring fertilizer practices may need to be modified to account for increased uptake or demand of certain nutrients. C1 [Scagel, Carolyn F.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Bi, Guihong] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Truck Crops Branch Expt Stn, Crystal Springs, MS 39059 USA. [Bi, Guihong; Fuchigami, Leslie H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Regan, Richard P.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, N Willamette Res & Extens Ctr, Aurora, OR 97002 USA. RP Scagel, CF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard St, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Carolyn.Scagel@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1569 EP 1579 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 329XN UT WOS:000257904000041 ER PT J AU Krewer, GW Beckman, TG Chaparro, JX Sherman, WB AF Krewer, Gerard W. Beckman, Thomas G. Chaparro, Jose X. Sherman, Wayne B. TI 'Gulfcrimson' peach SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Prunus persica; nonmelting; breeding C1 [Beckman, Thomas G.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31088 USA. [Krewer, Gerard W.] Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Chaparro, Jose X.; Sherman, Wayne B.] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Beckman, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31088 USA. EM Tom.Beckman@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1596 EP 1597 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 329XN UT WOS:000257904000046 ER PT J AU Okie, WR Layne, DR AF Okie, W. R. Layne, Desmond R. TI 'Early Augustprince' and 'Augustprince' peaches SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Okie, W. R.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Layne, Desmond R.] Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Okie, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM william.okie@ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1600 EP 1602 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 329XN UT WOS:000257904000048 ER PT J AU Okie, WR Layne, DR AF Okie, W. R. Layne, Desmond R. TI 'Scarletprince' and 'Julyprince' peaches SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Okie, W. R.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Layne, Desmond R.] Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Okie, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM william.okie@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1603 EP 1605 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 329XN UT WOS:000257904000049 ER PT J AU Hummer, KE Sabitov, A AF Hummer, Kim E. Sabitov, Andrey TI Strawberry species of Iturup and Sakhalin Islands SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fragaria iinumae; Fragaria nipponica; Fragaria yezoensis; Fragaria iturupensis; genetic resources; germplasm AB A plant-collecting expedition to Iturup and Sakhalin Islands, Sakhalin Territory, Russian Federation, occurred between 21 July and 12 Sept. 2003. Strawberries, Fragaria L., were observed and collected. Japanese and Russian flora describe two diploid (2n = 2x = 14) species, F. iinumae Makino and the Yezoensis strawberry, F. nipponica Makino [syn. = Fragaria nipponica var. yezoensis (H. Hara) Kitam.], as native to those islands. In addition, a recent monograph described a new octoploid (2n = 8x = 56) strawberry species, F. iturupensis Staudt, from a Japanese herbarium specimen collected on Atsunupuri volcano near Lesozovodoskyi, Iturup, in 1929. The objectives of the 2003 collecting trip were to obtain wild strawberries from these islands and determine if a population of F. iturupensis still existed on the volcano. The native F. iinumae Makino was obtained from the Ogonki Village, Anivskyi Region, Southern Sakhalin Island, but was not observed on Iturup. The Yezoensis strawberry was observed at Cape Otlivnoy, Iturup. Two small colonies of the native octoploid F. iturupensis Staudt were collected from mid-elevations on the cast-facing slope of Atsunupuri volcano. The native distribution of F. iturupensis was limited to this volcanic montane habitat and was not found in the foggy, sandy locations of coastal elevations on Iturup. The leaf morphology and growth habit of F. iturupensis plants were similar to that of F. virginiana subsp. glauca (S. Watson) Staudt of North America, but the fruit was different, more like F. vesca L. Probable cultivated escapes were observed at two sites on the east coast of Iturup and at one site in southern Sakhalin. The 2003 expedition confirmed the existence of F. iturupensis, the only known native Asian octoploid strawberry on Atsunupuri. Limited quantities of germplasm are available for research from the curator, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR, the U.S. national strawberry gene bank. C1 [Hummer, Kim E.] USDA ARS, NCGR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Sabitov, Andrey] VIR, Far E Expt Stn, Vladivostok 690025, Russia. RP Hummer, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCGR, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Kim.Hummer@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1623 EP 1625 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 329XN UT WOS:000257904000055 ER PT J AU Joseph, AT van der Velde, R O'Neill, PE Lang, RH Gish, T AF Joseph, Alicia T. van der Velde, Rogler O'Neill, Peggy E. Lang, Roger H. Gish, Tim TI Soil moisture retrieval during a corn growth cycle using L-band (1.6 GHz) radar observations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE field campaign; radar observations; remote sensing; soil moisture retrieval ID LAND-SURFACE PARAMETERS; ERS WIND SCATTEROMETER; LEAF-AREA INDEX; HYDROLOGY EXPERIMENT; MICROWAVE EMISSION; SCATTERING MODEL; X-BANDS; BACKSCATTERING; VEGETATION; CANOPY AB This paper reports on the retrieval of soil moisture from dual-polarized L-band (1.6 GHz) radar observations acquired at view angles of 15 degrees, 35 degrees, and 55 degrees, which were collected during a field campaign covering a corn growth cycle in 2002. The applied soil moisture retrieval algorithm includes a surface roughness and vegetation correction and could potentially be implemented as an operational global soil moisture retrieval algorithm. The surface roughness parameterization is obtained through inversion of the Integral Equation Method (IEM) from dual-polarized (HH and VV) radar observations acquired under nearly bare soil conditions. The vegetation correction is based on the relationship found between the ratio of modeled bare soil scattering contribution and observed backscatter coefficient (sigma(soil)/sigma(obs)) and vegetation water content (W). Validation of the retrieval algorithm against ground measurements shows that the top 5-cm soil moisture can be estimated with an accuracy between 0.033 and 0.064 cm(3). cm(-3), depending on the view angle and polarization. C1 [Joseph, Alicia T.; O'Neill, Peggy E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [van der Velde, Rogler] Int Inst Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat, NL-7500 AA Enschede, Netherlands. [Lang, Roger H.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Gish, Tim] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Joseph, AT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Alicia.T.Joseph@nasa.gov; velde@itc.nl; Peggy.E.ONeill@nasa.gov; lang@gwu.edu; tgish@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013; van der Velde, Rogier /K-8623-2013 OI van der Velde, Rogier /0000-0003-2157-4110 NR 41 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD AUG PY 2008 VL 46 IS 8 BP 2365 EP 2374 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.917214 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 338GN UT WOS:000258494500019 ER PT J AU Burke, JJ O'Mahony, PJ Oliver, MJ Velten, J AF Burke, John J. O'Mahony, Patrick J. Oliver, Melvin J. Velten, Jeff TI A selection procedure for identifying transgenic cells and embryos of cotton without the use of antibiotics SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE transgenic cotton; selection procedure; cells; embryos; high temperature ID HEAT-SHOCK RESPONSE; CHIMERIC GENES; RICE PLANTS; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; TRANSFORMATION; PROTEINS; CULTURES; MARKER; BAR AB Transgenic cells containing inserted antibiotic resistance genes and linked genes of interest are routinely selected by exposure to antibiotics. Concerns over the widespread use of antibiotic resistance genes as selectable markers for genetic transformation have motivated researchers to find alternative selection procedures. This study describes the evaluation of an alternative protocol using temperature as the selection tool. In this method, a population of host cells is transformed with a foreign DNA construct that includes at least one gene of interest and an additional sequence encoding a protein that enhances cellular high temperature tolerance. Following transformation, the population of cells is transiently cultured under temperature conditions wherein growth of non-transformed cells is suppressed or prevented, while growth of cells containing the DNA construct continues. Thus, survival and/or significant additional growth is an indication that a cell has been successfully transformed with the DNA construct and can be subsequently recovered for further growth and development. The present study used a heat shock protein (hsp101) gene from Arabidopsis thaliana under the control of a constitutive promoter as a selectable marker; however, alternative potentially suitable genes include: other heat shock proteins; heat shock transcription factors; cold regulated proteins (COR); or protein transcription factors associated with the induction of cold tolerance. C1 [Burke, John J.; Velten, Jeff] USDA, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [O'Mahony, Patrick J.] Abbey Court, Food Safety Author Ireland, Dublin 1, Ireland. [Oliver, Melvin J.] Univ Missouri, USDA Plant Genet Res, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Burke, JJ (reprint author), USDA, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM John.Burke@ars.usda.gov; PJOMahony@fsai.ie; Mel.Oliver@ars.usda.gov; Jeff.Velten@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD AUG PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 BP 246 EP 253 DI 10.1007/s11627-008-9133-2 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 339XH UT WOS:000258610100002 ER PT J AU Bosela, MJ Michler, CH AF Bosela, M. J. Michler, C. H. TI Media effects on black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) shoot culture growth in vitro: evaluation of multiple nutrient formulations and cytokinin types SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE hyperhydricity; mineral nutrition; shoot tip necrosis; thidiazuron; zeatin ID TIP NECROSIS; INVITRO; VITRIFICATION; REGENERATION; MICROPROPAGATION; NUTRITION; CALLUS AB The growth of black walnut shoot cultures was compared on media differing in nutrient formulation (MS, DKW, WPM, and 1/2X DKW), cytokinin type (ZEA, BA, and TDZ), and cytokinin concentration. On WPM and 1/2X DKW media, hyperhydricity was observed at frequencies of 60-100% compared with frequencies of 10-40% on the high-salt media (DKW and MS). All three cytokinins facilitated shoot regeneration from nodal cuttings, but recurrent elongation was only observed for BA (5-12.5 mu M) and ZEA (5-25 mu M) with mean shoot heights of 70-80 mm being possible after two culture periods (6-8 wk) for the fastest elongating lines. ZEA was effective across all six shoot lines with mean shoot heights of at least 35 mm over two culture periods, but two of the shoot lines were 'nonresponsive' to BA with mean shoot heights of < 15 mm. In contrast, when shoot tip explants were used for culture multiplication, ZEA was the least effective cytokinin with proliferation frequencies of only 30-40%. The proliferation frequencies were twice as great (75-87%) for TDZ (0.05-0.1 mu M), but most of the shoots regenerated were swollen or fasciated in morphology. High rates of proliferation (61-88%) were also possible using BA (12.5-25 mu M), but axillary shoots did not elongate well, growing to heights of only 5-10 mm, on average, after 4-5 wk. Since the cytokinin types and concentrations required for high-frequency (> 50%) axillary proliferation had adverse effects on the morphology and growth potential of the shoots, multiplication strategies based on the use of nodal cuttings are recommended. C1 [Bosela, M. J.] Purdue Univ, Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. [Michler, C. H.] Purdue Univ, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, USDA, Forest Serv,No Res Stn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Bosela, MJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, 2001 E Coliseum Blvd, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. EM boselam@ipfw.edu NR 70 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD AUG PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 BP 316 EP 329 DI 10.1007/s11627-008-9114-5 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 339XH UT WOS:000258610100010 ER PT J AU Ariza-Nieto, M Welch, RM Glahn, RP AF Ariza-Nieto, Magnolia Welch, Ross M. Glahn, Raymond P. TI Fe bioavailability in staple crops of developing countries SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT World Congress on In Vitro Biology CY JUN 14-18, 2008 CL Tucson, AZ C1 [Ariza-Nieto, Magnolia] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Welch, Ross M.; Glahn, Raymond P.] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY USA. EM magnolia_ariza_nieto@hotmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD AUG PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 BP 355 EP 355 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 339XH UT WOS:000258610100040 ER PT J AU Reece, JJ Siracusa, MC Southard, TL Brayton, CF Urban, JF Scott, AL AF Reece, Joshua J. Siracusa, Mark C. Southard, Teresa L. Brayton, Cory F. Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Scott, Alan L. TI Hookworm-induced persistent changes to the immunological environment of the lung SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ALTERNATIVELY ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES; ALLERGIC AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; REGULATORY T-CELLS; HELMINTH INFECTION; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; HYGIENE HYPOTHESIS; MURINE MODEL; IFN-GAMMA; IN-VIVO; IL-4 AB A number of important helminth parasites of humans have incorporated short-term residence in the lungs as an obligate phase of their life cycles. The significance of this transient pulmonary exposure to the infection and immunity is not clear. Employing a rodent model of infection with hookworm (Nippostrongylus brasiliensis), we characterized the long-term changes in the immunological status of the lungs induced by parasite infection. At 36 days after infection, alterations included a sustained increase in the transcription of both Th2 and Th1 cytokines as well as a significant increase in the number and frequency of alveolar macrophages displaying an alternatively activated phenotype. While N. brasifiensis did not induce alternate activation of lung macrophages in STAT6(-/-) animals, the parasite did induce a robust Th17 response in the pulmonary environment, suggesting that STAT6 signaling plays a role in modulating Th17 immunity and pathology in the lungs. In the context of the cellular and molecular changes induced by N. brasiliensis infection, there was a significant reduction in overall airway responsiveness and lung inflammation in response to allergen. In addition, the N. brasiliensis-altered pulmonary environment showed dramatic alterations in the nature and number of genes that were up- and downregulated in the lung in response to allergen challenge. The results demonstrate that even a transient exposure to a helminth parasite can effect significant and protracted changes in the immunological environment of the lung and that these complex molecular and cellular changes are likely to play a role in modulating a subsequent allergen-induced inflammatory response. C1 [Reece, Joshua J.; Siracusa, Mark C.; Scott, Alan L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, W Harry Feinstone Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Southard, Teresa L.; Brayton, Cory F.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mol & Comparat Pathobiol, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Urban, Joseph F., Jr.] ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Scott, AL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM ascott@jhsph.edu OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIH NHLBI [U01 HL66623]; NIH [T32AI007417] FX We thank Anne Jedlicka and Meg Mintz (Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute Genearray Core Facility) for assistance in the microarray experiments. For their assistance in the pulmonary function testing, we thank Andrea Keane-Myers (NIH, Rockville, MD) and Wayne Mitzner Land Jon Fallica (JH BSPH, Baltimore, MD). This work was Supported by grants from NIH NHLBI (U01 HL66623) and NIH training grant T32AI007417. NR 69 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 76 IS 8 BP 3511 EP 3524 DI 10.1128/IAI.00192-08 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 338BW UT WOS:000258480900015 PM 18505812 ER PT J AU Ueti, MW Palmer, GH Scoles, GA Kappmeyer, LS Knowles, DP AF Ueti, Massaro W. Palmer, Guy H. Scoles, Glen A. Kappmeyer, Lowell S. Knowles, Donald P. TI Persistently infected horses are reservoirs for intrastadial tick-borne transmission of the apicomplexan parasite Babesia equi SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID RHIPICEPHALUS BOOPHILUS MICROPLUS; ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE; TRANSOVARIAL TRANSMISSION; PROTEIN EPITOPE; IXODES-DAMMINI; MICROTI; BOVIS; SPOROGONY; ANTIBODY; IXODIDAE AB Tick-borne pathogens may be transmitted intrastadially and transstadially within a single vector generation as well as vertically between generations. Understanding the mode and relative efficiency of this transmission is required for infection control. In this study, we established that adult male Rhipicephalus microplus ticks efficiently acquire the protozoal pathogen Babesia equi during acute and persistent infections and transmit it intrastadially to naive horses. Although the level of parasitemia during acquisition feeding affected the efficiency of the initial tick infection, infected ticks developed levels of >= 10(4) organisms/pair of salivary glands independent of the level of parasitemia during acquisition feeding and successfully transmitted them, indicating that replication within the tick compensated for any initial differences in infectious dose and exceeded the threshold for transmission. During the development of B. equi parasites in the salivary gland granular acini, the parasites expressed levels of parallogous surface proteins significantly different from those expressed by intraerythrocytic parasites from the mammalian host. In contrast to the successful intrastadial transmission, adult female R. microplus ticks that fed on horses with high parasitemia passed the parasite vertically into the eggs with low efficiency, and the subsequent generation (larvae, nymphs, and adults) failed to transmit B. equi parasites to naive horses. The data demonstrated that intrastadial but not transovarial transmission is an efficient mode for B. equi transmission and that persistently infected horses are an important reservoir for transmission. Consequently, R. microplus male ticks and persistently infected horses should be targeted for disease control. C1 [Ueti, Massaro W.; Palmer, Guy H.; Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Scoles, Glen A.; Kappmeyer, Lowell S.; Knowles, Donald P.] USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ueti, MW (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM massaro@vetmed.wsu.edu FU USDA [ARS-CRIS 5348-32000-027-00D]; NIH [T32 AI007025] FX We thank Ralph Horn, Nancy Kumpula-McWhirter, James Allison, and Melissa Flatt for their excellent technical assistance. The support for these studies came from USDA grant ARS-CRIS 5348-32000-027-00D. Massaro Ueti was supported by NIH grant T32 AI007025. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 76 IS 8 BP 3525 EP 3529 DI 10.1128/IAI.00251-08 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 338BW UT WOS:000258480900016 PM 18490466 ER PT J AU Kogut, MH Genovese, KJ He, H Kaiser, P AF Kogut, Michael H. Genovese, Kenneth J. He, Haiqi Kaiser, Pete TI Flagellin and lipopolysaccharide up-regulation of IL-6 and CXCLi2 gene expression in chicken heterophils is mediated by ERK1/2-dependent activation of AP-1 and NF-kappa B signaling pathways SO INNATE IMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE flagellin; lipopolysaccharide; IL-6 CXCLi2; chicken heterophils; ERK1/2; AP-1 and NF-kappa B signaling; pathways ID SELECTIVE PHARMACOLOGICAL INHIBITORS; PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS; HUMAN NEUTROPHILS; PROTEIN-KINASE; MESSENGER-RNA; INTERLEUKIN-8 PRODUCTION; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; FUNCTIONAL ACTIVATION AB The Toll-like receptor agonists. flagellin (FLG) and lipopolysaccharide (LIPS), Stimulate chicken heterophils to induce the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by a mechanism involving the triggering of differential MEK-ERK signaling cascades. However, the translocation and activation of transcription factors potentially involved in the control of cytokine gene expression remains unknown. Herein, we examined the effects of FLG and LPS oil the activation of the transcription factors NF-kappa B and AP-1 and their role in regulating heterophil activation leading to cytokine gene expression. Treatment of heterophils with either FLG or LPS induced a significant increase ill DNA binding by the NF-kappa B Family members p50, c-Rel, and ReIB. Likewise. FLG and LIPS induced a significant increase ill DNA binding by the AP-1 family members C-Rill and JunD. The activation of both NF-kappa B and AP-1 was inhibited following treatment of heterophils with specific inhibitors of ERK 1/2 (U0126 and PD098059), NF-kappa B (Bay 11-7086 and the cell-permeable NF-kappa B peptide, SN50), and AP-1 (Tanshinone IIA). Likewise, the Up-re(up-regulation of gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-6 and the inflammatory chemokine, CXCLi2, were inhibited when heterophils were treated with the same specific inhibitors. Taken together these data demonstrate that FLG and LPS stimulate the up-regulation of expression of IL-6 and CXCLi2 through all ERK1/2-dependent activation of both NF-kappa B and AP-1. C1 [Kogut, Michael H.; Genovese, Kenneth J.; He, Haiqi] USDA ARS, SPARC, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Kaiser, Pete] Inst Anim Hlth, Compton, Berks, England. RP Kogut, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, SPARC, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM kogut@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 39 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1753-4259 J9 INNATE IMMUN-LONDON JI Innate Immun. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 213 EP 222 DI 10.1177/1753425908094416 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology GA 343LI UT WOS:000258854800002 PM 18669607 ER PT J AU Siebert, KS Lorenzen, MD Brown, SJ Park, Y Beeman, RW AF Siebert, Kendra S. Lorenzen, Marce D. Brown, Susan J. Park, Yoonseong Beeman, Richard W. TI Tubulin superfamily genes in Tribolium castaneum and the use of a Tubulin promoter to drive transgene expression SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tribolium; Tubulin; promoter; PiggyBac; EGFP; vermilion; transgene ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; BEETLE TRIBOLIUM; GERMLINE TRANSFORMATION; VECTOR; SET AB The use of native promoters to drive transgene expression has facilitated overexpression studies in Drosophila and other insects. We identified 12 Tubulin family members from the genome sequence of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, and used the promoter from one of these to drive constitutive expression of a transgene. The activity of the T castaneum alpha-Tubulin1 (T alpha Tub1) putative promoter was pre-tested in conjunction with an eye-color gene, T. castaneum vermilion (Tcv), by transient expression in Tcv-deficient embryos. Such embryos showed complete rescue of larval eyespot pigmentation. We also examined the Tc alpha Tub1 expression pattern in germline transformants using the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter. Beetles transformed with this piggyBac-based reporter ubiquitously expressed EGFP at all stages. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lorenzen, Marce D.; Beeman, Richard W.] USDA ARS GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Siebert, Kendra S.; Park, Yoonseong] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Brown, Susan J.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Beeman, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM richard.beeman@gmprc.ksu.edu RI Park, Yoonseong/J-5861-2013 OI Park, Yoonseong/0000-0003-1191-7335 FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD029594, R01 HD029594-16] NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 38 IS 8 BP 749 EP 755 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2008.04.007 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 336VY UT WOS:000258394100001 PM 18625397 ER PT J AU Li, HM Buczkowski, G Mittapalli, O Xie, J Wu, J Westerman, R Schemerhorn, BJ Murdock, LL Pittendrigh, BR AF Li, H. -M. Buczkowski, G. Mittapalli, O. Xie, J. Wu, J. Westerman, R. Schemerhorn, B. J. Murdock, L. L. Pittendrigh, B. R. TI Transcriptomic profiles of Drosophila melanogaster third instar larval midgut and responses to oxidative stress SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glutathione S-transferase; cytochrome P450; transcription factor binding motif; serine protease; midgut; insect ID GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; ESTERASE GENE-CLUSTER; BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; CYTOCHROME-P450 GENES; AMINOPEPTIDASE-N; BINDING-SITES; MANDUCA-SEXTA AB Oligoarray analysis was used to determine the number and nature of genes expressed in third instar Drosophila melanogaster larval midguts. The majority of transcripts were associated with protein synthesis and metabolism. Serine proteases were the main proteolytic enzymes detected. Some 40% of the cytochrome P450 genes and 74% of the glutathione S transferases (GSTs) in the genome of D. melanogaster were observed to be expressed in the midgut by oligoarray analysis. We also identified potential transcription factor binding motifs (TFBMs) of P450s, GSTs and carboxylesterases. Many of the midgut-expressed GST genes contained candidate TFBMs homologous to TFBMs in mammals that have been associated with responses to oxidative stress. We also investigated the response of GSTs in the midgut to dietary H2O2, which showed a dosage-based differential response. C1 [Li, H. -M.; Buczkowski, G.; Murdock, L. L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Mittapalli, O.] Max Planck Inst Chem Ecol, Dept Mol Ecol, Jena, Germany. [Xie, J.; Wu, J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Schemerhorn, B. J.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Murdock, L. L.; Pittendrigh, B. R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, MPRINT Mol Plant Resistance & Nematode Team, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pittendrigh, BR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, 901 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM pittendr@purdue.edu RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 75 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 325 EP 339 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2008.00808.x PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 327DJ UT WOS:000257709500001 PM 18651915 ER PT J AU Handler, AM Zimowska, GJ Armstrong, KF AF Handler, A. M. Zimowska, G. J. Armstrong, K. F. TI Highly similar piggyBac elements in Bactrocera that share a common lineage with elements in noctuid moths SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE piggyBac; Bactrocera; Bactrocera dorsalis complex; transposable elements; horizontal transfer; noctuid piggyBacs ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; TRANSPOSON VECTOR; DNA-SEQUENCES; FRUIT-FLIES; TRANSFORMATION; GENOME; INSERTIONS; DIPTERA; FLY AB The piggyBac IFP2 transposable element, originally discovered in a Trichoplusia ni cell line, also exists as nearly identical elements in other noctuid lepidopterans, and in several species of the tephritid genus Bactrocera. To further define the distribution of piggyBacs in Bactrocera, and compare their relationship to sequences found in Lepidoptera, a survey by PCR amplification was performed in a range of Bactrocera species. Highly similar piggyBac sequences were found in all B. dorsalis complex species tested, as well as in species in the B. zonata and B. frauenfeldi complexes. All nucleotide sequences had > 94% identity to corresponding sequences in the T. ni IFP2 element, and > 88% identity among the sequences. Conserved primers did not amplify any distantly related sequences that have been found by computational searches in a wider range of insect and non-insect species. Notably, 55 nucleotide substitutions relative to IFP2 were common to all the Bactrocera sequences, 44 of which exist in piggyBacs previously sequenced from moths, with 17 resulting in amino acid substitutions. These piggyBac elements, that apparently traversed orders by horizontal transfer, probably arose from a lineage separate from IFP2 and the other known elements in T. ni. Implications for the presence of nearly identical piggyBacs, in widely distributed insects, to the applied use of piggyBac vectors are discussed. C1 [Handler, A. M.; Zimowska, G. J.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Armstrong, K. F.] Lincoln Univ, Bioprotect & Ecol Div, Christchurch, New Zealand. RP Handler, AM (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM al.handler@ars.usda.gov RI Armstrong, Karen/J-3460-2013 OI Armstrong, Karen/0000-0003-4973-2651 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 387 EP 393 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2008.00813.x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 327DJ UT WOS:000257709500006 PM 18651920 ER PT J AU Sauer, TJ Akinyemi, OD Thery, P Heitman, JL DeSutter, TM Horton, R AF Sauer, T. J. Akinyemi, O. D. Thery, P. Heitman, J. L. DeSutter, T. M. Horton, R. TI Evaluation of a new, perforated heat flux plate design SO INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE heat flux plate; heat flux density; field measurements; laboratory evaluation; porous media ID CALIBRATION; CONTACT; METERS AB Accurate measurement of heat flux is essential to optimize structural and process design and to improve understanding of energy transfer in natural systems. Laboratory and field experiments evaluated the performance of a new, perforated heat flux plate designed to reduce flow distortion for environmental applications. Laboratory tests involving dry and saturated sand showed that performance of the new CAPTEC plate is comparable to a solid, standard REBS plate. Very low thermal gradients may have however led to poor performance of the CAPTEC plate in saturated sand. Water infiltration and redistribution experiments using clayey and sandy soils showed an apparent reduced disruption of liquid water and vapour in the soil surrounding the CAPTEC plate as compared to solid Hukseflux and standard REBS plates. Surface area of REBS plate, though smaller than that of CAPTEC, did not lead to any significantly improved evaporation, due to perforations on CAPTEC plate. Field tests in a loam soil indicated that the CAPTEC plates were durable and produced daily total flux values within similar to 0.15 MJ m(-2) of independent estimates. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Akinyemi, O. D.] PUCPR, Thermal Syst Lab, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [Sauer, T. J.; DeSutter, T. M.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Thery, P.] CAPTEC Entreprise, Lille, France. [Heitman, J. L.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Horton, R.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. RP Akinyemi, OD (reprint author), PUCPR, Thermal Syst Lab, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. EM kayode.akinyemi@yahoo.com RI Heitman, Joshua/F-8535-2010; OI Akinyemi, Olukayode/0000-0001-9519-7384 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0735-1933 J9 INT COMMUN HEAT MASS JI Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 35 IS 7 BP 800 EP 804 DI 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2008.03.012 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 345HK UT WOS:000258986800002 ER PT J AU Liu, ZH Choi, SW Crott, JW Smith, DE Mason, JB AF Liu, Zhenhua Choi, Sang-Woon Crott, Jimmy W. Smith, Donald E. Mason, Joel B. TI Multiple B-vitamin inadequacy amplifies alterations induced by folate depletion in p53 expression and its downstream effector MDM2 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE B-vitamin; methylation; p53; strand breaks ID DNA STRAND BREAKS; DIETARY-FOLATE; COLORECTAL ADENOMA; FOLIC-ACID; RAT COLON; MULTIVITAMIN USE; CANCER-CELLS; GENOMIC DNA; MOUSE COLON; IN-VITRO AB Folate is required for biological methylation and nucleotide synthesis, aberrations of which are thought to be the mechanisms that enhance colorectal carcinogenesis produced by folate inadequacy. These functions of folate also depend on the availability of other B-vitamins that participate in "one-carbon metabolism," including B2, B6 and B12. Our study therefore investigated whether combined dietary restriction of these vitamins amplifies aberrations in the epigenetic and genetic integrity of the p53 gene that is induced by folate depletion alone. Ninety-six mice were group pair-fed diets with different combinations of B-vitamin depletion over 10 weeks. DNA and RNA were extracted from epithelial cells isolated from the colon. Within the hypermutable region of p53 (exons 5-8), DNA strand breaks were induced within exons 6 and 8 by folate combined with B2, B6 and B12 restriction (p < 0.05); such effects were not significantly induced by mild folate depletion alone. Similarly, a minor degree of hypomethylation of exon 6 produced by isolated folate depletion was significantly amplified (p <= 0.05) by simultaneous depletion of all 4 B-vitamins. Furthermore, the expression of p53 and MDM2 were significantly decreased (p <= 0.05) by the combined depletion state but not by folate depletion alone. These data indicate that inadequacies of other 1-carbon vitamins may amplify aberrations of the p53 gene induced by folate depletion alone, implying that concurrent inadequacies in several of these vitamins may have added tumorigenic potential beyond that observed with isolated folate depletion. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Liu, Zhenhua; Choi, Sang-Woon; Crott, Jimmy W.; Mason, Joel B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Smith, Donald E.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Comparat Biol Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Mason, Joel B.] Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Div Clin Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Mason, Joel B.] Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Liu, ZH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM zhenhua.liu@tufts.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [U54 CA100971-010002, K05 CA100048, K05 CA100048-01, U54 CA10097, U54 CA100971]; NIAAA NIH HHS [R21 AA016681]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK040561, P30 DK040561-13] NR 54 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 123 IS 3 BP 519 EP 525 DI 10.1002/ijc.23599 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 319NY UT WOS:000257171900004 PM 18498130 ER PT J AU Rockwood, DL Rudie, AW Ralph, SA Zhu, JY Winandy, JE AF Rockwood, Donald L. Rudie, Alan W. Ralph, Sally A. Zhu, J. Y. Winandy, Jerrold E. TI Energy product options for Eucalyptus species grown as short rotation woody crops SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Eucalyptus; Eucalyptus grandis; Eucalyptus amplifolia; Corymbia torelliana; short rotation woody crops; ethanol; biofuels; silvichemicals ID ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; GLOBULUS WOOD; BIOMASS; PYROLYSIS; HYDROLYSIS; GRANDIS; GENERATION; DENSITY; FUTURE; ENZYME AB Eucalyptus species are native to Australia but grown extensively worldwide as short rotation hardwoods for a variety of products and as ornamentals. We describe their general importance with specific emphasis on existing and emerging markets as energy products and the potential to maximize their productivity as short rotation woody crops. Using experience in Florida USA and similar locations, we document their current energy applications and assess their productivity as short-term and likely long-term energy and related products. C1 [Rockwood, Donald L.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Rudie, Alan W.; Ralph, Sally A.; Zhu, J. Y.; Winandy, Jerrold E.] USFS Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Rockwood, DL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM dlrock@ufl.edu; arudie@fs.fed.us; sralph@fs.fed.us; jzhu@fs.fed.us; jwinandy@fs.fed.us NR 62 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 13 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-0067 J9 INT J MOL SCI JI Int. J. Mol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1361 EP 1378 DI 10.3390/ijms9081361 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 355UZ UT WOS:000259735900001 PM 19325808 ER PT J AU Zhang, XY Zhou, JL Fernandes, AF Sparrow, JR Pereira, P Taylor, A Shang, F AF Zhang, Xinyu Zhou, Jilin Fernandes, Alexandre F. Sparrow, Janet R. Pereira, Paulo Taylor, Allen Shang, Fu TI The proteasome: A target of oxidative damage in cultured human retina pigment epithelial cells SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID UBIQUITIN-DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; KAPPA-B-ALPHA; LIGHT-INDUCED DAMAGE; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; IN-VITRO; MACULAR DEGENERATION; OXIDIZED PROTEINS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; LIPOFUSCIN FLUOROPHORE AB PURPOSE. Dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) is associated with several age-related degenerative diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of oxidative stress on the UPP in cultured human retina pigment epithelial cells. METHODS. To mimic physiological oxidative stress, ARPE-19 cells were exposed to continuously generated H(2)O(2) or A2E-mediated photooxidation. Proteasome activity was monitored using fluorogenic peptides as substrates. The ubiquitin conjugation activity and activities of E1 and E2 were determined by the thiolester assays. Levels of ubiquitin and ubiquitin conjugates were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS. Exposure of ARPE-19 cells to 40 to 50 mu M H(2)O(2) for 4 hours resulted in a 30% to 50% reduction in all three peptidase activities of the proteasome. Similarly, exposure of A2E-loaded ARPE-19 cells to blue light resulted in a 40% to 60% reduction in proteasome activity. Loading of A2E or exposure to blue light alone had little effect on proteasome activity. In contrast, exposure of ARPE-19 to low levels of H(2)O(2) (10 mu M) stimulated ubiquitin conjugation activity. Loading of A2E, with or without exposure to blue light, upregulated the levels of ubiquitinactivating enzyme and increased conjugation activity. Exposure to H(2)O(2) or A2E-mediated photooxidation also resulted in a twofold to threefold increase in levels of endogenous ubiquitin conjugates. CONCLUSIONS. These data show that the proteasome in ARPE-19 is susceptible to oxidative inactivation, whereas activities of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes are more resistant to oxidative stress. Oxidative inactivation of the proteasome appears to be one of the mechanisms underlying stress-induced accumulation of ubiquitin conjugates in the cells. C1 [Zhang, Xinyu; Fernandes, Alexandre F.; Taylor, Allen; Shang, Fu] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Zhou, Jilin; Sparrow, Janet R.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Fernandes, Alexandre F.; Pereira, Paulo] Univ Coimbra, IBILI, Fac Med, Ctr Ophthalmol, Coimbra, Portugal. RP Shang, F (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM fu.shang@tufts.edu OI Fernandes, Alexandre/0000-0001-9489-6167; Pereira, Paulo/0000-0002-9908-2290 FU NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY013250, EY11717, EY12951, EY13250, R01 EY011717, R01 EY011717-07, R01 EY011717-08, R01 EY011717-09, R01 EY011717-10, R01 EY012951, R01 EY012951-11, R29 EY011717] NR 104 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 8 BP 3622 EP 3630 DI 10.1167/iovs.07-1559 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 330NW UT WOS:000257951100049 PM 18408178 ER PT J AU Elchos, BL Scheftel, JM Cherry, B DeBess, EE Hopkins, SG Levine, JE Williams, CJ Bell, MR Dvorak, GD Flora, CA Hofmann, J Pavlin, BI Samples, OM Snow, JL Stinson-Dixon, RE AF Elchos, Brigid L. Scheftel, Joni M. Cherry, Bryan DeBess, Emilio E. Hopkins, Sharon G. Levine, Jay E. Williams, Carl J. Bell, Michael R. Dvorak, Glenda D. Flora, Christine A. Hofmann, Jo Pavlin, Boris I. Samples, Oreta M. Snow, Jamie L. Stinson-Dixon, Rebecca E. TI Compendium of veterinary standard precautions for zoonotic disease prevention in veterinary personnel - National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians Veterinary Infection Control Committee 2008 SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS; UNITED-STATES; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; BARRIER PRECAUTIONS; ANIMAL PRACTICES; RISK-FACTORS; CAT BITES; DOG-BITE; TRANSMISSION C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Invest & Control Sect, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. Mississippi Board Anim Hlth, Jackson, MS 39207 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Publ Hlt Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. Human Serv, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Food Secur & Publ Hlth, Ames, IA 50011 USA. AAHA, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. CSTE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NAVTA, Alexandria, VA 22304 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS, US Dept Agr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS, Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. AVMA, Schaumburg, IL 60173 USA. RP Scheftel, JM (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Invest & Control Sect, 625 N Robert St, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. NR 117 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 3 BP 415 EP 432 DI 10.2460/javma.233.3.415 PG 18 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 330RV UT WOS:000257961400016 PM 18673027 ER PT J AU Hand, MS Thacher, JA McCollum, DW Berrens, RP AF Hand, Michael S. Thacher, Jennifer A. McCollum, Daniel W. Berrens, Robert P. TI Forest amenities and location choice in the Southwest SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE amenities; conditional logit; forests; location choice; Southwest ID MIGRATION; GROWTH; CLIMATE; MODELS; MARKET; CURVE; RENTS; WAGES; LIFE AB Locations with natural characteristics, such as forests, are thought to be attractive residential locations. This proposition is tested in the Southwest United States, composed of Arizona and New Mexico. This paper presents a conditional logit model of location choice estimated with household observations from the U.S. Census, geographic information system (GIS) data, and county-level data. Results suggest that forest area, both in one's own location and nearby, increases the probability of choosing a location. But significant heterogeneity in location choices exists; an income effect and life-cycle effects on the demand for forest amenities appear to determine location choices. C1 [Thacher, Jennifer A.; Berrens, Robert P.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Econ, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [McCollum, Daniel W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Washington, DC USA. RI Thacher, Jennifer /F-5035-2012 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O DEEVON BAILEY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, 3535 OLD MAIN HILL, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 232 EP 253 PG 22 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 333IX UT WOS:000258147300006 ER PT J AU Ortiz-Perez, E Mian, RMA Cooper, RL Mendiola, T Tew, J Horner, HT Hanlin, SJ Palmer, RG AF Ortiz-Perez, E. Mian, R. M. A. Cooper, R. L. Mendiola, T. Tew, J. Horner, H. T. Hanlin, S. J. Palmer, R. G. TI Seed-set evaluation of four male-sterile, female-fertile soybean lines using alfalfa leafcutting bees and honey bees as pollinators SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAX L MERR; CAGED PLOTS; MS1 LOCUS; REGISTRATION; FLOWERS AB Male-sterile, female-fertile plants were used to produce hybrid soybean seed. Manual cross-pollination using male-sterile plants to produce large quantities of hybrid seed is difficult and time-consuming because of the low success rate in cross-pollination. Insect pollinators may be suitable vectors to transfer pollen, but the most suitable vector for pollen transfer from the male parent to the female parent has not been identified for soybean. The objective of the present study was to evaluate seed-set on four male-sterile, female-fertile soybean lines by using alfalfa leafcutting bees (Megachile rotundata (F.)) and honey bees (Apis mellifera (L.)) as pollinators. Seed-set was evaluated in summers 2003 and 2005 near Ames, Iowa, USA and in summers 2003, 2004, and 2005 near Wooster, Ohio, USA. Neither the effect of pollinator species nor the interaction effect of pollinator species x location was significant for any year. Honey bees performed similarly to alfalfa leafcutting bees at both locations. The results indicated significant differences for seed-set among male-sterile lines, suggesting preferential pollination. Male-sterile lines, ms1 (Urbana) and ms2 (Ames 2), had higher cross-pollinated seed-set compared to ms6 (Ames 1), and ms6 (Corsoy 79). At the Ames location, ms1ms1 (Urbana) plants had the highest seed-set (50.16 seeds per male-sterile plant in 2005). At the Wooster location, ms1ms1 (Urbana) plants also had the highest seed-set (92.04 seeds per male-sterile plant) in 2005. Costs and local conditions need to be addressed to support the choice of either pollinator species as a pollination vector to produce hybrid soybean seed. C1 [Ortiz-Perez, E.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Mian, R. M. A.; Cooper, R. L.; Mendiola, T.] Ohio State Univ, OARDC, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Tew, J.] Ohio State Univ, OARDC, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Horner, H. T.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol & Microscopy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Horner, H. T.] Iowa State Univ, Nanoimaging Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hanlin, S. J.] Iowa State Univ, N Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Palmer, R. G.] Iowa State Univ, CICGR, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Palmer, R. G.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ortiz-Perez, E (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM evelynortiz_perez@yahoo.com FU Dairyland Seed Co., Inc.; Verde Seed Co., Inc. FX We thank Drs Kenneth Moore and Mark Widrlechner (ISU, USDA-ARS) for their suggestions and assistance. The assistance and technical support by Sharon McClurg is much appreciated. We also thank Dairyland Seed Co., Inc. and Verde Seed Co., Inc. for partial support of this project. Thanks are due to Dr R. L. Nelson, the Curator of the Soybean Genetic Type Collection. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0021-8596 J9 J AGR SCI JI J. Agric. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 146 BP 461 EP 469 DI 10.1017/S002185960700768X PN 4 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 347DQ UT WOS:000259121200008 ER PT J AU Moulton, KE Althen, TG Moore, AB Solomon, MB Eastridge, JS Smith, TR AF Moulton, K. E. Althen, T. G. Moore, A. B. Solomon, M. B. Eastridge, J. S. Smith, T. R. TI Effects of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin (ST) and Protein on Growth and Muscle Fiber Profiles in Early-Weaned Beef Steers SO Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances LA English DT Article DE rbST; beef cattle; muscle fiber types; nutrition; protiens ID FRIESIAN BULL CALVES; PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN; CARCASS COMPOSITION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PERFORMANCE; HORMONE; ANIMALS; INSULIN; QUALITY; LEVEL AB The objective of this study was to determine effects of somatotropin (ST) and nutrition on growth, myofiber profiles, serum ST and IGF-1 values in beef calves. At 100 day of age, 48 crossbred steers were weaned and trained on the Calan Feeding System. At 155 day of age, steers were assigned to treatments in a 2x2 factorial design testing the effects of protein fed at levels according to NRC (NP) vs a high protein diet (125% of NRC, HP) and ST (Posilac, 2.2 mgxkg(-1)x14 day(-1)s.c., ST) vs no ST (C). Blood samples were taken every 14 day for IGF-1 and ST analysis. Treatments continued until 255 day of age, when semitendinosus muscle biopsy samples were collected to determine myofiber morphology. The C-NP, C-HP and ST-NP steers consumed 7.7 kgxhd(-1)xd(-1), which was 19% more than that consumed by ST-HP steers (6.52 kgxhd(-1)xd(-1)). The ST-treated steers had improved feed efficiency when compared to controls (0.17 vs 0.15 gain/feed). As expected, steers administered ST had increased serum ST concentrations over time and IGF-1 concentrations increased by 11% after week 4 compared to controls, however, cross-sectional areas for myofiber types and percentage distribution of slow- twitch-oxidative fibers were not different between treatments. The ST treatment resulted in a decreased percentage of fast-twitch-oxidative-glycolytic (26 vs 31%) and increased percentage of fast-twitch-glycolytic (58 vs 52%) fibers when compared to C steers. This data substantiates earlier findings and demonstrates that ST treatment afters myofiber morphology in beef calves, regardless of normal or high protein diets. C1 [Moulton, K. E.; Althen, T. G.; Moore, A. B.; Smith, T. R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Solomon, M. B.; Eastridge, J. S.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smith, TR (reprint author), 4025 Wise Ctr Box 9815, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. FU Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES; Mississippi State University Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences FX The authors wish to thank the Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES) and the Mississippi State University Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences for their generous support of this research. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MEDWELL ONLINE PI FAISALABAD PA ANSINET BUILDING, 308-LASANI TOWN, SARGODHA RD, FAISALABAD, 38090, PAKISTAN SN 1680-5593 J9 J ANIM VET ADV JI J. Anim. Vet. Adv. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 7 IS 8 BP 897 EP 902 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 395ZJ UT WOS:000262561700003 ER PT J AU Holl, JW Rohrer, GA Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Holl, J. W. Rohrer, G. A. Shackelford, S. D. Wheeler, T. L. Koohmaraie, M. TI Estimates of genetic parameters for kyphosis in two crossbred swine populations SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heritability; kyphosis; pig ID PIGS AB Genetic parameters for degree of kyphosis were estimated from a Duroc-Landrace F-2 population (n = 316) and from a composite population (line C) composed of Duroc, Large White, and 2 sources of Landrace (n = 1,552). Live presentation did not indicate kyphosis in pigs or sows. Degree of kyphosis was measured by scoring the shape of the vertebral column of split carcasses on a scale from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe). Of the animals slaughtered, 75.6 and 68.9% were normal, 11.1 and 23.3% were mild, 11.1 and 6.2% were moderate, and 2.2 and 1.5% were severe in F-2 and line C, respectively. Fixed effects of age, sex, number of ribs, number of lumbar vertebrae, number of nipples, carcass length, and HCW were not significantly associated (P > 0.10) with kyphosis score when using linear models. Estimated heritabilities for kyphosis score were 0.30 and 0.32 in F-2 and line C, respectively, when using an animal model. Estimated genetic correlations between kyphosis score and number of ribs, number of lumbar vertebrae, number of nipples, carcass length, and HCW were 0.05, -0.13, 0.00, 0.05, and 0.03, respectively. Selection to decrease kyphosis should be effective and would not be expected to affect the number of ribs, lumbar vertebrae, nipples, or carcass length. In addition, selection for growth should not affect the incidence of kyphosis. C1 [Holl, J. W.; Rohrer, G. A.; Shackelford, S. D.; Wheeler, T. L.; Koohmaraie, M.] ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Holl, JW (reprint author), ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Justin.Holl@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 86 IS 8 BP 1765 EP 1769 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0628 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 332WO UT WOS:000258114000004 PM 18375662 ER PT J AU Weaver, AD Bowker, BC Gerrard, DE AF Weaver, A. D. Bowker, B. C. Gerrard, D. E. TI Sarcomere length influences postmortem proteolysis of excised bovine semitendinosus muscle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tenderness; sarcomere length; proteolysis; troponin-T; beef ID POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; TROPONIN-T; LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; MU-CALPAIN; TENDERNESS VARIATION; FILAMENT LENGTHS; SHEAR FORCE; POST-MORTEM; BEEF AB The interaction between sarcomere length and postmortem proteolysis as related to meat tenderness is not clear. The extent of thick and thin filament overlap alters actomyosin binding and may alter substrate availability during aging-induced tenderization. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of sarcomere length on proteolytic degradation in beef. Strips from bovine semitendinosus were either stretched 40% and restrained or allowed to shorten unrestrained in an ice bath. After rigor completion, 0.6-cm cross sections were fabricated and were randomly assigned to 2, 4, 7, or 10 d of aging treatments. Myofibrils were isolated for sarcomere length determination. Samples were collected and frozen for shear force analysis, and muscle proteins were extracted for SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analyses to determine troponin T (TnT) proteolysis. Sarcomere length was greater (P < 0.01) in stretched muscle samples compared with shortened samples (2.57 vs. 1.43 mu m, respectively). Correspondingly, shear force values were greater (P < 0.05) in shortened samples than stretched samples. Western blots revealed the presence of 3 major intact TnT bands that diminished with time postmortem and 4 bands (TnT degradation products) that accumulated during postmortem storage. Quantification of intact TnT showed increased (P < 0.05) proteolysis at 4 and 7 d postmortem in samples with long sarcomeres. By 10 d, only traces of the greatest molecular weight intact TnT band were evident in both shortened and stretched samples, suggesting this TnT band may be more susceptible to proteolysis than other intact TnT bands. Degradation products of TnT appeared earlier postmortem in samples with long sarcomeres. The 30-kDa TnT fragment appeared after 7 d of postmortem storage in samples with long sarcomeres but not until 10 d in muscle containing short sarcomeres. Collectively, these data show that postmortem TnT proteolysis is sarcomere length-dependent and suggest that thick and thin filament overlap may influence the postmortem aging process in beef. C1 [Weaver, A. D.; Gerrard, D. E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bowker, B. C.] USDA ARS, Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gerrard, DE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM dgerrard@purdue.edu NR 42 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 86 IS 8 BP 1925 EP 1932 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0741 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 332WO UT WOS:000258114000020 PM 18375664 ER PT J AU Reuter, RR Carroll, JA Dailey, JW Cook, BJ Galyean, ML AF Reuter, R. R. Carroll, J. A. Dailey, J. W. Cook, B. J. Galyean, M. L. TI Effects of dietary energy source and level and injection of tilmicosin phosphate on immune function in lipopolysaccharide-challenged beef steers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; energy; immune function; tilmicosin phosphate ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT DISEASE; RECEIVED FEEDLOT CALVES; MANNHEIMIA-HAEMOLYTICA; STARCH CONCENTRATIONS; VITAMIN-E; CATTLE; PERFORMANCE; METABOLISM; COWS; DANOFLOXACIN AB Twenty-four Angus x Hereford crossbred steers (247 kg BW; SE = 2.4 kg) were used in a completely random design to evaluate the effect of energy source and level with or without antibiotic administration on measures of immune function. Steers were fed 1 of 3 dietary treatments: a 70% concentrate diet ad libitum (70AL), a 30% concentrate diet ad libitum (30AL), and a 70% concentrate diet offered in an amount calculated to provide NEg intake equal to the 30AL treatment (70RES). Half the steers in each dietary treatment received a s.c. injection of tilmicosin phosphate (ANTI; 1 mL/30 kg of BW); the other half received an equal volume of saline s.c. (SAL). Steers were offered the treatment diets for 28 d before and were administered the ANTI or SAL injections 2 d before indwelling catheters were placed in the jugular vein and 2.0 mu g/kg of BW of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered i.v. Blood serum was collected at 30-min intervals from -2 to 6 h and at 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h relative to the LPS challenge. Increased energy intake (70AL) increased (P <= 0.04) DMI, ADG, and rectal temperature (RT) after the challenge compared with the 70RES treatment. The 30AL treatment increased the maximum concentrations and area under the response curve of the proinflammatory cytokines (PIC) interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-6 (P <= 0.05) compared with the average of the 70AL and 70RES treatments. Decreased energy intake (70RES vs. 70AL) increased IL-6 (P <= 0.003) but did not significantly increase interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P >= 0.14) after LPS administration. Tilmicosin administration decreased the time to attain maximal RT (P = 0.01) by 1 h without altering the peak RT (P = 0.85), and tilmicosin interacted with energy intake to increase prechallenge PIC in 70RES vs. 70AL (P <= 0.05). Results indicate that increased PIC response, presumably resulting from a combination of decreased energy intake and from direct effects of roughage, may be a mode of action for the slight decrease in morbidity that often occurs when newly received, stressed calves are fed roughage-based receiving diets. Tilmicosin phosphate might have immunomodulatory capacity beyond its direct effects on pathogenic bacteria, and these effects could interact with dietary energy intake in cattle. C1 [Reuter, R. R.; Galyean, M. L.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Carroll, J. A.; Dailey, J. W.] USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Cook, B. J.] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Agr, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. RP Reuter, RR (reprint author), Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Agr, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. EM rrreuter@noble.org NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 86 IS 8 BP 1963 EP 1976 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0838 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 332WO UT WOS:000258114000024 PM 18407986 ER PT J AU Arthington, JD Qiu, X Cooke, RF Vendramini, JMB Araujo, DB Chase, CC Coleman, SW AF Arthington, J. D. Qiu, X. Cooke, R. F. Vendramini, J. M. B. Araujo, D. B. Chase, C. C., Jr. Coleman, S. W. TI Effects of preshipping management on measures of stress and performance of beef steers during feedlot receiving SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acute phase protein; preconditioning; steer; stress; transportation; weaning ID PHASE PROTEIN RESPONSE; CALVES; CATTLE; GROWTH; SUPPLEMENTATION; TRANSPORTATION; COW AB Over 2 yr, a total of 96 steers (approximately 7 mo of age) were allocated to 1 of 4 weaning management strategies: 1) control: weaned on the day of shipping; 2) creep-fed: allowed free-choice access to concentrate before weaning and shipping; 3) preweaned: weaned and provided supplemental concentrate on pasture before shipping; and 4) early-weaned: weaned at 70 to 90 d of age and kept on pasture. On the day of shipping, steers were loaded together onto a commercial livestock trailer and transported 1,600 km over 24 h before being received into the feedlot. At the feedlot, steers were penned by treatment (4 pens/treatment) and provided access to free-choice hay and concentrate in separate feeding spaces. Samples of blood were collected on d 0, 1, 4, 8, 15, 22, and 29 relative to shipping. Steer performance was assessed over the receiving period, including DMI of hay and concentrate, ADG, and G: F. Predetermined contrasts included control vs. early-weaned, creep-fed vs. preweaned, and control vs. creep-fed and preweaned. Overall ADG was greater (P < 0.01) for early-weaned vs. control steers (1.39 vs. 0.88 kg). In wk 1, early-weaned steers consumed more concentrate and less hay compared with control steers P < 0.03), and preweaned steers consumed more concentrate (P < 0.01) but a similar amount of hay (P = 0.75) compared with creep-fed steers. Average DMI was greater for preweaned compared with creep-fed steers (2.84 vs. 2.50% of BW; P = 0.01) and tended to be greater for early-weaned compared with control steers (2.76 vs. 2.50% of BW; P = 0.06). Feed efficiency of early-weaned steers was greater than that of control steers (G: F = 0.17 vs. 0.12; P < 0.01) but similar for preweaned compared with creep-fed steers (P = 0.72). Plasma ceruloplasmin concentrations were less (P < 0.05) in control vs. early-weaned steers on d 0, but increased sharply after shipping and were greater in control vs. early-weaned steers on d 15 and 22 (P < 0.05). Creep-fed steers also experienced greater (P < 0.05) plasma ceruloplasmin concentrations than preweaned steers on d 29. These data suggest that early- weaned steers have improved performance in the feedlot compared with steers weaned directly before transport and feedlot entry. Differences in preshipping management appear to significantly affect measures of the acute phase protein response in steers. C1 [Arthington, J. D.; Qiu, X.; Cooke, R. F.; Vendramini, J. M. B.; Araujo, D. B.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, Ona, FL 33865 USA. [Chase, C. C., Jr.; Coleman, S. W.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. RP Arthington, JD (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, Ona, FL 33865 USA. EM jarth@ufl.edu NR 28 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 86 IS 8 BP 2016 EP 2023 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-0968 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 332WO UT WOS:000258114000029 PM 18407994 ER PT J AU Stellflug, JN Lewis, GS Moffet, CA Leeds, TD AF Stellflug, J. N. Lewis, G. S. Moffet, C. A. Leeds, T. D. TI Evaluation of three-ram cohort serving capacity tests as a substitute for individual serving capacity tests SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ram; sexual behavior; serving capacity test ID SEXUAL PERFORMANCE; MATING-BEHAVIOR; RAM LAMBS; EXPERIENCE AB Alternatives to time-consuming, laborious individual serving capacity tests (ISCT) are needed to classify ram sexual behavior. The objective of study 1 was to evaluate the relationship between the first 3-ram cohort test (COSCT) scores and the mean of 5 ISCT scores. The objective of study 2 was to determine whether 1 or 2 additional COSCT improved the ability to predict ISCT scores. For study 1, rams (n = 69) were assigned to either a COSCT given before or after 9 ISCT. For study 2, rams (n = 127) were given 3 COSCT before or after 6 ISCT. For repeated COSCT, rams were initially grouped at random and subsequently rerandomized so that each ram was grouped with at least 1 different ram for each test. For both studies, the number of ejaculations from COSCT was compared with the mean number of ejaculations across the second through sixth ISCT. A threshold between high- and low-performing rams was defined in each analysis as the mean ISCT scores of sexually active rams. Rams with a mean number of ejaculations in ISCT greater than the threshold were classified as having high sexual activity, whereas rams below the threshold were classified as having low sexual activity. Rams with no ejaculations in ISCT were classified as sexually inactive. Data from studies 1 and 2 were used to evaluate the relationship between the first COSCT and the mean of 5 ISCT scores. Data from multiple COSCT were fit to various models to determine whether the ability to predict ISCT scores was improved with 1 or 2 additional COSCT. The best model for ISCT and COSCT was a piecewise linear regression model. The first COSCT correctly identified all sexually inactive rams in both studies. The first COSCT, however, also classified 56% of low sexually active rams and 18% of high sexually active rams as inactive. Rams had a 71% probability of high sexual activity in ISCT if they were classified as sexually active in the first COSCT. We conclude that a single COSCT is a reliable, albeit more conservative, and efficient alternative to a series of ISCT for characterizing sexual activity of rams. Multiple COSCT can provide some protection against culling rams with high sexual activity (i.e., approximately 50% less with 2 additional COSCT) and still retain most of the efficiency compared with ISCT. It is important to use high- performance rams for breeding because they will approximately double the number of ewes bred and lambs sired compared with low-performance rams if a large number of ewes need to be serviced daily. C1 [Stellflug, J. N.; Lewis, G. S.; Moffet, C. A.; Leeds, T. D.] USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Stellflug, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM John.Stellflug@ars.usda.gov OI Moffet, Corey/0000-0002-7071-7539 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 86 IS 8 BP 2024 EP 2031 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0820 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 332WO UT WOS:000258114000030 PM 18407997 ER PT J AU Scaglia, G Swecker, WS Fontenot, JP Fiske, D Fike, JH Abaye, AO Clapham, W Hall, JB AF Scaglia, G. Swecker, W. S., Jr. Fontenot, J. P. Fiske, D. Fike, J. H. Abaye, A. O. Clapham, W. Hall, J. B. TI Forage systems for cow-calf production in the Appalachian region SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Appalachia; beef cattle; cow-calf system; forage; tall fescue ID BEEF-COWS; PERFORMANCE; FESCUE; DIGESTIBILITY; SHEEP; BERMUDAGRASS; ORCHARDGRASS; SWITCHGRASS; NUTRITION; CATTLE AB Small cow-calf operations are common in the Appalachian region. Tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S. J. Darbyshire] is the dominant forage in these systems for direct grazing as well as for stockpiling. The present study was conducted from 2001 to 2005. A total of 108 Angus and Angus crossbred cows were allotted randomly to 6 forage systems and then to 3 replicates within each system. In brief, system 1 had a stocking rate of 0.91 ha/cow in a Middleburg 3-paddock (A, B, and C) system. System 2 was similar to system 1 except for a stocking rate of 0.71 ha/cow. A stocking rate of 0.71 ha/cow also was used in systems 3 through 6. All A paddocks had tall fescue, whereas B paddocks had tall fescue/white clover (Trifolium repens L.) except in system 6, which had tall fescue/lespedeza [Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don]. System 3 evaluated a 2-paddock (A and B) rotational grazing system, and system 4 evaluated a 3-paddock (A, B, and C) rotational grazing system, with paddock C containing orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Systems 5 and 6 differed from system 2 in the areas of paddocks B and C as well as in the forage mixtures used. In paddock C, system 5 had switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and system 6 had tall fescue and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). System 1 had the greatest average herbage availability from weaning until breeding (P < 0.05) with the least amount of hay fed (P = 0.03) when compared with the remainder of the systems. Differences (P > 0.05) in percentage of ground cover were not detected among systems. There was no year x system interaction effect on the cow or calf performance variables evaluated and no treatment effect on cow performance variables. There was a treatment effect on calf performance variables. System 2 produced the greatest adjusted weaning weight, kilograms of calf weaned per hectare, and kilograms of calf per kilograms of cow at weaning (P < 0.05). Numerical ranking for total calf production per hectare from the greatest to least was system 2, 6, 3, 5, 4, and 1. Systems evaluated did not affect cow performance although differences in calf performance and overall productivity of the systems were observed. C1 [Scaglia, G.; Fontenot, J. P.; Hall, J. B.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Swecker, W. S., Jr.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Fiske, D.] Shenandoah Valley Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Steeles Tavern, VA 24476 USA. [Fike, J. H.; Abaye, A. O.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Clapham, W.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Scaglia, G (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM billgs@vt.edu RI Swecker, William/K-8186-2016 OI Swecker, William/0000-0003-4044-7563 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 86 IS 8 BP 2032 EP 2042 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0407 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 332WO UT WOS:000258114000031 PM 18407993 ER PT J AU Bogich, TL Liebhold, AM Shea, K AF Bogich, Tiffany L. Liebhold, Andrew M. Shea, Katriona TI To sample or eradicate? A cost minimization model for monitoring and managing an invasive species SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cost minimization; detection; eradication; gypsy moth; Lymantria dispar; pheromone traps; risk aversion ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; NORTH-AMERICA; DYNAMIC DESIGN; POPULATION; STRATEGIES; MANAGEMENT; LYMANTRIIDAE; CONSTRAINTS; UNCERTAINTY; NETWORKS AB 1. Considerable effort is expended by national and local governments to exclude alien species via detection and eradication of invading populations, but these efforts are not necessarily designed in the most economically or biologically efficient manner. 2. Using the invasion of the European strain of the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar into the USA as a case study, we develop an analytical model to determine the optimal trap density for detecting isolated infestations. Most models focus on monitoring or eradication costs only; our model considers the costs of both detection and eradication when determining the best monitoring strategy. 3. The model assumes that all isolated populations must be located and eradicated by the conclusion of a programme. For programmes lasting longer than 1 year, it is more worthwhile to proactively monitor and manage rather than to wait until the programme is over. 4. For a management programme of a given length, optimal trap density is most influenced by the growth rate of the infestation. Optimal trap densities are lowest for infestations with very low growth rates (because they remain small and therefore are less expensive to eradicate) or very high growth rates (because they are easier to detect), and highest for infestations with moderate growth rates (because they are neither inexpensive to eradicate nor easy to detect). 5. Our model is useful in setting a baseline level of monitoring for isolated incidents of gypsy moth invasion. Analysis of data in two US states show that actual trap densities are far higher than the optimal densities from the model. The difference suggests risk aversion may play a role in real systems. 6. Synthesis and applications. Our model suggests that we can improve the efficiency of detection and eradication programmes for isolated infestations by optimizing detection effort relative to infestation growth rates and management programme duration. It also clearly demonstrates the importance of balancing the costs and benefits of both detection and eradication when developing invasive species monitoring programmes. C1 [Bogich, Tiffany L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Conservat Sci Grp, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Liebhold, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Shea, Katriona] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Mueller Lab 208, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Bogich, TL (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Conservat Sci Grp, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. EM tlb24@cam.ac.uk RI Shea, Katriona/B-7954-2008; Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; OI Shea, Katriona/0000-0002-7607-8248; Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; Bogich, Tiffany/0000-0002-8143-5289 NR 38 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1134 EP 1142 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01494.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 324DG UT WOS:000257497300016 ER PT J AU Bertoldi, G Kustas, WP Albertson, JD AF Bertoldi, Giacomo Kustas, William P. Albertson, John D. TI Estimating spatial variability in atmospheric properties over remotely sensed land surface conditions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; HEAT-FLUX; COMPLEX TERRAIN; ENERGY FLUXES; SOIL-MOISTURE; TEMPERATURE; SCALE; MODEL; INHOMOGENEITIES AB This paper investigates the spatial relationships between surface fluxes and near-surface atmospheric properties (AP), and the potential errors in flux estimation due to homogeneous atmospheric inputs over heterogeneous landscapes. A large-eddy simulation (LES) model is coupled to a surface energy balance scheme with remotely sensed surface temperature T-s as a key boundary condition. Simulations were performed for different agricultural regions having major contrasts in Ts, canopy cover, and surface roughness z(0) between vegetated/irrigated and bare soil areas. If AP from a single weather station in a nonrepresentative location within the landscape are applied uniformly over the domain, significant differences in surface flux estimation with respect to the LES output are observed. The spatial correlations of AP with the fluxes, the land cover properties, and surface states were examined and the spatial scaling of these fields is analyzed using a two-dimensional wavelet technique. The results indicate a significant local correlation of the spatial distributions of the air temperature T-a with the sensible heat flux H, the specific humidity q with the latent heat flux LE, and the wind speed U with z(0). These relationships can be described by a general linear form, suggesting that a simple regression relation may be applicable for most agricultural landscapes to estimate spatially variable AP fields. A simple yet practical method is proposed using remotely sensed observations and the land surface scheme, based on general linear expressions derived between Ta and H, q and LE, and U and z(0). The method is shown to reproduce the main spatial patterns of AP and to reduce potential errors in local and regionally averaged heat flux estimation. This approach is recommended when only local weather station observations are available. C1 [Bertoldi, Giacomo] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Kustas, William P.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Albertson, John D.] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Bertoldi, G (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 121 Hudson Hall,Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM bertoldi@duke.edu FU NASA [NAG13-99008] FX This work was funded by NASA Grant NAG13-99008: "Accounting for effects of subpixel surface variability on regional flux estimation using large eddy simulation with Terra and Aqua sensors." We thank Dr. Fuqin Li of the USDA/ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, for her help in the preparation of the input data, and Dr. M. Cassiani of Duke University for his useful suggestions. Satellite images from the Texas high plain were made available by Dr. Paul Colaizzi of the USDA/ARS Conservation and Production Research Lab, Bushland, Texas. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 47 IS 8 BP 2147 EP 2165 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1828.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 338EN UT WOS:000258488600006 ER PT J AU Evens, TJ Niedz, RP Kirkpatrick, GJ AF Evens, Terence J. Niedz, Randall P. Kirkpatrick, Gary J. TI Temperature and irradiance impacts on the growth, pigmentation and photosystem II quantum yields of Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE algal physiology; design of experiments; DOE; microalgae; multivariate ID GREEN-ALGA; ASTAXANTHIN ACCUMULATION; LACUSTRIS CHLOROPHYTA; MORPHOLOGICAL-CHANGES; CULTURE-MEDIUM; RAINBOW-TROUT; OPTIMIZATION; CAROTENOIDS; MICROALGA; CAROTENOGENESIS AB The microalga Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow has been the subject of a number of studies concerned with maximizing astaxanthin production for use in animal feeds and for human consumption. Several of these studies have specifically attempted to ascertain the optimal temperature and irradiance combination for growth of H. pluvialis, but there has been a great deal of disagreement between laboratories. "Ideal" levels of temperature and irradiance have been reported to range from 14 to 28 degrees C and 30 to 200 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1). The objective of the present study was to simultaneously explore temperature and irradiance effects for a single strain of H. pluvialis (UTEX 2505) across an experimental region that encompassed the reported "optimal" combinations of these factors for multiple strains. To this end, a two-dimensional experimental design based on response surface methodology (RSM) was created. Maximum growth rates for UTEX 2505 were achieved at 27 degrees C and 260 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1), while maximum quantum yield for stable charge separation at PSII (F(v)/F(m)) was achieved at 27 degrees C and 80 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1). Maximum pigment concentrations correlated closely with maximum F(v)/F(m). Numeric optimization of growth rate and F(v)/F(m) produced an optimal combination of 27 degrees C and 250 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1). Polynomial models of the various response surfaces were validated with multiple points and were found to be very useful for predicting several H. pluvialis UTEX 2505 responses across the entire two-dimensional experimental design space. C1 [Evens, Terence J.; Niedz, Randall P.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Evens, Terence J.; Kirkpatrick, Gary J.] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. RP Evens, TJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM terence.evens@ars.usda.gov NR 65 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8971 J9 J APPL PHYCOL JI J. Appl. Phycol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 411 EP 422 DI 10.1007/s10811-007-9277-1 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 330IR UT WOS:000257934800009 ER PT J AU Frontera, WR Reid, KF Phillips, EM Krivickas, LS Hughes, VA Roubenoff, R Fielding, RA AF Frontera, Walter R. Reid, Kieran F. Phillips, Edward M. Krivickas, Lisa S. Hughes, Virginia A. Roubenoff, Ronenn Fielding, Roger A. TI Muscle fiber size and function in elderly humans: a longitudinal study SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aging; compensatory hypertrophy; single muscle fibers ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; COMPENSATORY HYPERTROPHY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; SARCOMERE LENGTH; SINGLE-FIBER; OLDER-ADULTS; STRENGTH; HEALTH; MASS; MEN AB Crosssectional studies are likely to underestimate age-related changes in skeletal muscle strength and mass. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to assess whole muscle and single muscle fiber alterations in the same cohort of 12 older (mean age: start of study 71.1 +/- 5.4 yr and end of study 80 +/- 5.3 yr) volunteers (5 men) evaluated 8.9 yr apart. No significant changes were noted at follow-up in body weight, body mass index, and physical activity. Muscle strength, evaluated using isokinetic dynamometry, and whole muscle specific force of the knee extensors were significantly lower at follow-up. This was accompanied by a significant reduction (5.7%) in cross-sectional area of the total anterior muscle compartment of the thigh as evaluated by computed tomography. Muscle histochemistry showed no significant changes in fiber type distribution or fiber area. Experiments with chemically skinned single muscle fibers (n = 411) demonstrated no change in type I fiber size but an increase in IIA fiber diameter. A trend toward an increase in maximal force in both fiber types was observed. Maximum unloaded shortening velocity did not change. In conclusion, single muscle fiber contractile function may be preserved in older humans in the presence of significant alterations at the whole muscle level. This suggests that surviving fibers compensate to partially correct muscle size deficits in an attempt to maintain optimal force-generating C1 [Frontera, Walter R.; Reid, Kieran F.; Phillips, Edward M.; Roubenoff, Ronenn; Fielding, Roger A.] Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Frontera, Walter R.; Phillips, Edward M.; Krivickas, Lisa S.; Fielding, Roger A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Boston, MA USA. [Frontera, Walter R.; Phillips, Edward M.; Krivickas, Lisa S.; Fielding, Roger A.] Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Boston, MA USA. [Frontera, Walter R.] Univ Puerto Rico, Sch Med, Dept Phys Med, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Frontera, Walter R.] Univ Puerto Rico, Sch Med, Dept Rehabil & Physiol, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Hughes, Virginia A.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Reprod Endocrine Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Fielding, RA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM roger.fielding@tufts.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-18844] NR 26 TC 117 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 EI 1522-1601 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 105 IS 2 BP 637 EP 642 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.90332.2008 PG 6 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 333YQ UT WOS:000258189900036 PM 18556434 ER PT J AU Buboltz, AM Nicholson, TL Parette, MR Hester, SE Parkhill, J Harvill, ET AF Buboltz, Anne M. Nicholson, Tracy L. Parette, Mylisa R. Hester, Sara E. Parkhill, Julian Harvill, Eric T. TI Replacement of adenylate cyclase toxin in a lineage of Bordetella bronchiseptica SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRULENCE FACTORS; HEMOLYTIC ACTIVITIES; HOST ADAPTATION; PERTUSSIS; PARAPERTUSSIS; INFECTION; IMMUNITY; MODEL; PATHOGENESIS; PERSISTENCE AB Bordetella bronchiseptica is a gram-negative respiratory pathogen that infects a wide range of hosts and causes a diverse spectrum of disease. This diversity is likely affected by multiple factors, such as host immune status, polymicrobial infection, and strain diversity. In a murine model of infection, we found that the virulence of B. bronchiseptica strains, as measured by the mean lethal dose, varied widely. Strain 253 was less virulent than the typically studied strain, RB50. Transcriptome analysis showed that cyaA, the gene encoding adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA), was the most downregulated transcript identified in strain 253 compared to that in strain RB50. Comparative genomic hybridization and genome sequencing of strain 253 revealed that the cya locus, which encodes, activates, and secretes CyaA, was replaced by an operon (ptp) predicted to encode peptide transport proteins. Other B. bronchiseptica strains from the same phylogenetic lineage as that of strain 253 also lacked the cya locus, contained the ptp genes, and were less virulent than strain RB50. Although the loss of CyaA would be expected to be counterselected since it is conserved among the classical bordetellae and believed to be important to their success, our data indicate that the loss of this toxin and the gain of the ptp genes occurred in an ancestral strain that then expanded into a lineage. This suggests that there may be ecological niches in which CyaA is not critical for the success of B. bronchiseptica. C1 [Buboltz, Anne M.; Parette, Mylisa R.; Hester, Sara E.; Harvill, Eric T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Buboltz, Anne M.; Hester, Sara E.] Penn State Univ, Grad Program Biochem Microbiol & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Nicholson, Tracy L.] USDA ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. [Parkhill, Julian] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Hinxton Cambridge, England. RP Harvill, ET (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Univ Pk, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM harvill@psu.edu RI Parkhill, Julian/G-4703-2011 OI Parkhill, Julian/0000-0002-7069-5958 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI053075-03, AI 053075, AI 065507, R01 AI053075, R01 AI053075-01A1, R01 AI053075-02, R01 AI053075-04, R01 AI053075-05, R56 AI065507]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM083113, R01 GM083113, R01 GM083113-01, R01 GM083113-02] NR 59 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 EI 1098-5530 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 190 IS 15 BP 5502 EP 5511 DI 10.1128/JB.00226-08 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 332VV UT WOS:000258112100037 PM 18556799 ER PT J AU Parker, CT Gilbert, M Yuki, N Endtz, HP Mandrell, RE AF Parker, Craig T. Gilbert, Michel Yuki, Nobuhiro Endtz, Hubert P. Mandrell, Robert E. TI Characterization of lipooligosaccharide-biosynthetic loci of Campylobacter jejuni reveals reveals new lipooligosaccharide classes: Evidence of mosaic organizations SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; CORE OLIGOSACCHARIDE; LIPO-OLIGOSACCHARIDE; GANGLIOSIDE MIMICS; FISHER-SYNDROMES; DNA MICROARRAY; STRAINS; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; ENTERITIS AB The lipooligosaccharide (LOS) biosynthesis region is one of the more variable genomic regions between strains of Campylobacterjejuni. Indeed, eight classes of LOS biosynthesis loci have been established previously based on gene content and organization. In this study, we characterize additional classes of LOS biosynthesis loci and analyze various mechanisms that result in changes to LOS structures. To gain further insights into the genomic diversity of Cjejuni LOS biosynthesis region, we sequenced the LOS biosynthesis loci of 15 strains that possessed gene content that was distinct from the eight classes. This analysis identified 11 new classes of LOS loci that exhibited examples of deletions and insertions of genes and cassettes of genes found in other LOS classes or capsular biosynthesis loci leading to mosaic LOS loci. The sequence analysis also revealed both missense mutations leading to "allelic" glycosyltransferases and phase-variable and non-phase-variable gene inactivation by the deletion or insertion of bases. Specifically, we demonstrated that gene inactivation is an important mechanism for altering the LOS structures of strains possessing the same class of LOS biosynthesis locus. Together, these observations suggest that LOS biosynthesis region is a hotspot for genetic exchange and variability, often leading to changes in the LOS produced. C1 [Parker, Craig T.; Mandrell, Robert E.] USDA, ARS, WRRC, Produce Safety & Microbiol Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Gilbert, Michel] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Biol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Yuki, Nobuhiro] GBS Lab, Tokyo 1450064, Japan. [Endtz, Hubert P.] Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Dept Med Microbiol & Infect Dis, NL-3015 GD Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Endtz, Hubert P.] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. RP Parker, CT (reprint author), USDA, ARS, WRRC, Produce Safety & Microbiol Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM parker@pw.usda.gov RI Yuki, Nobuhiro/H-3187-2012 NR 37 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 190 IS 16 BP 5681 EP 5689 DI 10.4128/JB.00254-08 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 335EU UT WOS:000258274400016 PM 18556784 ER PT J AU Skinner, CN Burk, JH Barbour, MG Franco-Vizcaino, E Stephens, SL AF Skinner, Carl N. Burk, Jack H. Barbour, Michael G. Franco-Vizcaino, Ernesto Stephens, Scott L. TI Influences of climate on fire regimes in montane forests of north-western Mexico SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE climate variability; conifer forest; dendrochronology; ENSO; fire ecology; fire regime; Jeffrey pine; landscape ecology; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; Pinus jeffreyi ID MIXED CONIFER FOREST; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; SAN-PEDRO-MARTIR; PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; CALIFORNIA MOISTURE SURGES; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; LAKE TAHOE BASIN; JEFFREY PINE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; PONDEROSA PINE AB Aim To identify the influence of interannual and interdecadal climate variation on the occurrence and extent of fires in montane conifer forests of north-western Mexico. Location This study was conducted in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.)dominated mixed-conifer forests in the central and northern plateau of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California, Mexico. Methods Fire occurrence was reconstructed for 12 dispersed sites for a 290-year period (1700-1990) from cross-dated fire-scarred samples extracted from live trees, snags and logs. Superposed epoch analysis was used to examine the relationships of tree-ring reconstructions of drought, the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) with fire occurrence and extent. Results Years with no recorded fire scars were wetter than average. In contrast, years of widespread fires were dry and associated with phase changes of the PDO, usually from positive (warm) to negative (cold). The influence of the PDO was most evident during the La Nina phase of the ENSO. Widespread fires were also associated with warm/wet conditions 5 years before the fire. We hypothesize that the 5-year lag between warm/wet conditions and widespread fires may be associated with the time necessary to build up sufficient quantity and continuity of needle litter to support widespread fires. Two periods of unusually high fire activity (1770-1800 and 1920-1950) were each followed by several decades of unusually low fire activity. The switch in each case was associated with strong phase changes in both PDO and ENSO. Main conclusions Climate strongly influences fire regimes in the mountains of north-westcrn Mexico. Wet/warm years are associated with little fire activity. However, these years may contribute to subsequent fire years by encouraging the production of sufficient needle litter to support more widespread fires that occur in dry/cool years. C1 [Skinner, Carl N.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Burk, Jack H.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Biol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. [Barbour, Michael G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Franco-Vizcaino, Ernesto] CICESE, Baja California, Mexico. [Franco-Vizcaino, Ernesto] Calif State Univ Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA USA. [Stephens, Scott L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Skinner, CN (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM cskinner@fs.fed.us NR 87 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1436 EP 1451 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01893.x PG 16 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 334ZI UT WOS:000258260200010 ER PT J AU Wu, JX Liu, XM Zhang, SZ Zhu, YC Whitworth, RJ Chen, MS AF Wu, Junxiang Liu, Xuming Zhang, Shize Zhu, Yu-Cheng Whitworth, R. Jeffrey Chen, Ming-Shun TI Differential responses of wheat inhibitor-like genes to Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor, attacks during compatible and incompatible interactions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cDNA; diptera; downregulation; EST; gene expression; Mayetiola destructor; microarray analysis; polymerase chain reaction (PCR); real-time PCR; total RNA; Triticum aestivum; upregulation ID TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; SALIVARY-GLANDS; PLANT DEFENSE; WINTER-WHEAT; CECIDOMYIIDAE; DIPTERA; PROTEINS; SEQUENCE; FAMILY; LARVAE AB Four groups of inhibitor-like genes that encode proteins with diverse structures were identified from wheat. The majority of these genes were upregulated by avirulent Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), larvae during incompatible interactions, and were downregulated by virulent larvae during compatible interactions. The upregulation during incompatible interactions and downregulation during compatible interactions resulted in four- to 30-fold differences between the expression levels in resistant plants and those in susceptible plants. The increased expression of inhibitor-like genes during incompatible interactions suggested that these genes are part of defense mechanisms in wheat against Hessian fly attacks, whereas the downregulation during compatible interactions suggested that virulent larvae can suppress plant defenses. Both the upregulation of the inhibitor-like genes during incompatible interactions by avirulent larvae and the downregulation during compatible interactions by virulent larvae were through mechanisms that were independent of the wound response pathway. C1 [Liu, Xuming; Whitworth, R. Jeffrey; Chen, Ming-Shun] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Wu, Junxiang; Zhang, Shize] NW A&F Univ, Dept Entomol, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Yu-Cheng] USDA ARS, JWDSRC, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Chen, Ming-Shun] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Chen, MS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM ming-shun.chen@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1005 EP 1012 DI 10.1007/s10886-008-9506-3 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 332MU UT WOS:000258087900004 PM 18584256 ER PT J AU Lawrence, SD Novak, NG Ju, CJT Cooke, JEK AF Lawrence, Susan D. Novak, Nicole G. Ju, Chelsea J. -T. Cooke, Janice E. K. TI Potato, Solanum tuberosum, defense against colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say): Microarray gene expression profiling of potato by colorado potato beetle regurgitant treatment of wounded leaves SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE colorado potato beetle; herbivore; plant/insect interaction; potato; real-time PCR; regurgitant ID MANDUCA-SEXTA LEPIDOPTERA; HOST NICOTIANA-ATTENUATA; PLANT MESSENGER-RNAS; LARGE-SCALE CHANGES; MOLECULAR-INTERACTIONS; CDNA MICROARRAY; HYBRID POPLAR; INSECT ATTACK; HERBIVORE; SPECIALIST AB Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is a leading pest of solanaceous plants. Despite the economic importance of this pest, surprisingly few studies have been carried out to characterize its molecular interaction with the potato plant. In particular, little is known about the effect of CPB elicitors on gene expression associated with the plant's defense response. In order to discover putative CPB elicitor-responsive genes, the TIGR 11,421 EST Solanaceae microarray was used to identify genes that are differentially expressed in response to the addition of CPB regurgitant to wounded potato leaves. By applying a cutoff corresponding to an adjusted P-value of <0.01 and a fold change of >1.5 or <0.67, we found that 73 of these genes are induced by regurgitant treatment of wounded leaves when compared to wounding alone, whereas 54 genes are repressed by this treatment. This gene set likely includes regurgitant-responsive genes as well as wounding-responsive genes whose expression patterns are further enhanced by the presence of regurgitant. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to validate differential expression by regurgitant treatment for five of these genes. In general, genes that encoded proteins involved in secondary metabolism and stress were induced by regurgitant; genes associated with photosynthesis were repressed. One induced gene that encodes aromatic amino acid decarboxylase is responsible for synthesis of the precursor of 2-phenylethanol. This is significant because 2-phenylethanol is recognized by the CPB predator Perillus bioculatis. In addition, three of the 16 type 1 and type 2 proteinase inhibitor clones present on the potato microarray were repressed by application of CPB regurgitant to wounded leaves. Given that proteinase inhibitors are known to interfere with digestion of proteins in the insect midgut, repression of these proteinase inhibitors by CPB may inhibit this component of the plant's defense arsenal. These data suggest that beyond the wound response, CPB elicitors play a role in mediating the plant/insect interaction. C1 [Lawrence, Susan D.; Novak, Nicole G.] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ju, Chelsea J. -T.; Cooke, Janice E. K.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RP Lawrence, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, BARC W, 10,300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 011A,Rm 214, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM susan.lawrence@ars.usda.gov RI Cooke, Janice /G-5906-2011 OI Cooke, Janice /0000-0002-4990-628X NR 48 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 EI 1573-1561 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1013 EP 1025 DI 10.1007/s10886-008-9507-2 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 332MU UT WOS:000258087900005 PM 18581175 ER PT J AU Kimball, BA Perry, KR AF Kimball, Bruce A. Perry, Kelly R. TI Manipulating beaver (Castor canadensis) feeding responses to invasive tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE foraging; herbivore; preference; riparian; sodium chloride; tannin ID POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; FLAVOR AVERSIONS; PREFERENCE; RAMOSISSIMA; BLACKBRUSH; EXPERIENCE; DYNAMICS; MAMMALS; GOATS; FOODS AB To evaluate methods for promoting consumption of tamarisk plants by beavers (Castor canadensis), we determined the feeding responses by captive beavers to diets that contained tannins and sodium chloride (hereafter referred to as tamarisk diet). In two-choice tests, beavers consumed equivalent quantities of tamarisk diet and control diet. Treatment with polyethylene glycol and fructose did not increase beaver preferences for the tamarisk diet. When offered the choice of control diet and casein hydrolysate-treated control diet, beavers strongly avoided the latter, showing feeding deterring activity of casein hydrolysate. However, when tamarisk diet was the alternative to the deterrent treatment, beavers consumed similar quantities of the two diets. Finally, beaver foraging preferences for actual plant cuttings were assessed. Casein hydrolysate application to cuttings of black poplar (Populus nigra) and Scouler's willow (Salix scouleriana) reduced browsing of these highly preferred species and promoted a marked increase in browsing of tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima). These results suggest that casein hydrolysate treatment of desirable riparian plant species such as Salix and Populus may promote beaver foraging of invasive tamarisk. C1 [Kimball, Bruce A.] APHIS, USDA, WS Natl Widlife Res Ctr, Monell Chem Senses Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Perry, Kelly R.] APHIS, USDA, WS Natl Widlife Res Ctr, Olympia, WA USA. RP Kimball, BA (reprint author), APHIS, USDA, WS Natl Widlife Res Ctr, Monell Chem Senses Ctr, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA USA. EM bruce.a.kimball@aphis.usda.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1050 EP 1056 DI 10.1007/s10886-008-9496-1 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 332MU UT WOS:000258087900009 PM 18581180 ER PT J AU Hoh, E Lehotay, SJ Mastovska, K Huwe, JK AF Hoh, Eunha Lehotay, Steven J. Mastovska, Katerina Huwe, Janice K. TI Evaluation of automated direct sample introduction with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the screening analysis of dioxins in fish oil SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin; polychlorinated dibenzofuran; comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography; time-of-flight mass spectrometry; direct sample introduction; large-volume injection; fish oil; non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; UNITED-STATES; FOOD CONTAMINATION; DIETARY-INTAKE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; DESORPTION; PRODUCTS AB An automated direct sample introduction technique coupled to comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (DSI-GC x GC/TOF-MS) was applied for the development of a relatively fast and easy analytical screening method for 17 polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and 4 non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in fish oil. Comparison of instrumental performance between DSI-GC x GC/TOF-MS and the traditional gas chromatographic high resolution mass spectrometric (GC-HRMS) method showed good agreement of results for standard solutions analyzed in blind fashion. Relatively high tolerance of the DSI technique for lipids in the final extracts enabled a streamlined sample preparation procedure that only required gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup with graphitized carbon black. The sample size for the method was 2g of cod liver oil, which achieved limits of quantitation (LOQs) of 0.019-7.8 pg/g toxic equivalent quotients for the individual PCDD/Fs. Lower detection limits can be achieved by using larger sample size and scaling up the sample preparation procedure, but this adds to the labor, time, solvent consumption, and expense of the approach. However, the streamlined method yielded 0.94 pg/g and 2.3 pg/g LCQs for 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro dibenzofuran (TCDF)and 3,3',4,4',5-pentachloro biphenyl (CB126), which were sufficiently low for regulatory monitoring of 2 g samples. Therefore, instead of congener specific analysis, this streamlined analytical screening method for TCDF and CB126 has the potential to monitor fish oil contaminated with dioxin and dioxin-like PCBs at or above current food safety limits. Acceptable recoveries for nearly all analytes at three different spiking levels in fish oil samples were achieved with good repeatability. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hoh, Eunha; Lehotay, Steven J.; Mastovska, Katerina] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Huwe, Janice K.] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM steven.lehotay@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 1201 IS 1 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.089 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 332VX UT WOS:000258112300011 PM 18556010 ER PT J AU Santos, RD Asztalos, BF Martinez, LRC Miname, MH Polisecki, E Schaefer, EJ AF Santos, Raul D. Asztalos, Bela F. Martinez, Lilton R. C. Miname, Marcio H. Polisecki, Eliana Schaefer, Ernst J. TI Clinical presentation, laboratory values, and coronary heart disease risk in marked high-density lipoprotein-deficiency states SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LIPIDOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Apolipoprotein A-I deficiency; ATP binding cassette protein 1 dysfunction; Coronary heart disease; High-density lipoprotein deficiency; Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency; Tangier disease ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; CASSETTE TRANSPORTER 1; CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY; TANGIER-DISEASE; ARTERY-DISEASE; C-III; PREMATURE ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; CELLULAR CHOLESTEROL; INTERVENTION TRIAL AB Our purpose is to provide a framework for diagnosing(I the inherited causes of marked high-density lipoprotein (HDL) deficiency (HDL cholesterol levels <10 mg/dL in the absence of severe hypertriglyceridemia or liver disease) and to provide information about coronary heart disease (CHD) risk for Such Cases. Published articles in the literature Oil severe HDL deficiencies were used as sources. If apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I is not present in plasma, then three forms of ApoA-I deficiency. all with premature CHD, and normal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels have been described: ApoA-I/C-III/A-IV deficiency with Fat malabsorption. ApoA-I/C-III deficiency with planar xanthomas, and ApoA-I deficiency with planar and tubero-eruptive xanthomas (pictured in this review for the first time). If ApoA-I is present in plasma tit I concentration < 10 mg/dL with LDL cholesterol that is about 50% of normal and mild hypertriglyceridemia, I possible diagnosis is Tangier disease due 10 Mutations at the adenosine triphosphate binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1) gene locus. These patients may develop premature CHD and peripheral neuropathy, and have evidence of cholesteryl ester-laden macrophages in in their liver, spleen, tonsils, and Schwann cells. as well is Other tissues. third form severe HDL deficiency is characterized by plasma ApoA-I levels <40 mg/dL, moderate hypertriglyceridemia, and decreased LDL cholesterol, and the finding that most of the cholesterol in plasma is in the free rather than the esterified form. due to a deficiency in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity. These patients have marked corneal opacification and splenomegaly. and tire at increased risk of developing renal failure. but have no clear evidence Of premature CHD. Marked HDL deficiency has different etiologies and is generally associated with early CHD risk. (C) 2008 National Lipid Association. All rights reserved. C1 [Asztalos, Bela F.; Polisecki, Eliana; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Santos, Raul D.; Martinez, Lilton R. C.; Miname, Marcio H.] Univ Sao Paulo, Med Sch Hosp, Lipid Clin, Heart Inst InCor, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Asztalos, Bela F.; Polisecki, Eliana; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ernst.schaefer@tufts.edu RI Santos, Raul/A-1170-2010 OI Santos, Raul/0000-0002-9860-6582 FU National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD [HL60935, HL 74753, P050HLO83813]; US Department of Agriculture, Washington DC [533KO6-5-10] FX Supported by research grants to InCor (to Dr. Santos) and the Lipid Metabolism Laboratory at Tufts University from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. (HL60935, HL 74753, and P050HLO83813) and the US Department of Agriculture, Washington DC (contract 533KO6-5-10) (to Drs. Asztalos, Polisecki, and Schaefer). NR 56 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1933-2874 J9 J CLIN LIPIDOL JI J. Clin. Lipidol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 2 IS 4 BP 237 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.jacl.2008.06.002 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 464VR UT WOS:000267537000002 PM 21291740 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, K Sutton, DA Fothergill, A McCarthy, D Rinaldi, MG Brandt, ME Zhang, N Geiser, DM AF O'Donnell, Kerry Sutton, Deanna A. Fothergill, Annette McCarthy, Dora Rinaldi, Michael G. Brandt, Mary E. Zhang, Ning Geiser, David M. TI Molecular phylogenetic diversity, multilocus haplotype nomenclature, and in vitro antifungal resistance within the Fusarium solani species complex SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNGUS ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; AMPHOTERICIN-B; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; CONTACT-LENS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CRYPTIC SPECIATION; NORTH-AMERICA; VORICONAZOLE; INFECTIONS; KERATITIS AB Members of the species-rich Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) are responsible for approximately two-thirds all fusarioses of humans and other animals. In addition, many economically important phytopathogenic species are nested within this complex. Due to their increasing clinical relevance and because most of the human pathogenic and plant pathogenic FSSC lack Latin binomials, we have extended the multilocus haplotype nomenclatural system introduced in a previous study (D. C. Chang, G. B. Grant, K. O'Donnell, K. A. Wannemuehler, J. Noble-Wang, C. Y. Rao, L. M. Jacobson, C. S. Crowell, R. S. Sneed, F. M. T. Lewis, J. K. Schaffzin, M. A. Kainer, C. A. Genese, E. C. Alfonso, D. B. Jones, A. Srinivasan, S. K. Fridkin, and B. J. Park, JAMA 296: 953-963, 2006) to all 34 species within the medically important FSSC clade 3 to facilitate global epidemiological studies. The typing scheme is based on polymorphisms in portions of the following three genes: the internal transcribed spacer region and domains D1 plus D2 of the nuclear large-subunit rRNA, the translation elongation factor 1 alpha gene (EF-1 alpha), and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene (RPB2). Of the 251 isolates subjected to multilocus DNA sequence typing, 191 sequence types were differentiated, and these were distributed among three strongly supported clades designated 1, 2, and 3. All of the mycosis-associated isolates were restricted to FSSC clade 3, as previously reported (N. Zhang, K. O'Donnell, D. A. Sutton, F. A Nalim, R. C. Summerbell, A. A. Padhye, and D. M. Geiser, J. Clin. Microbiol. 44: 2186-2190, 2006), and these represent at least 20 phylogenetically distinct species. Analyses of the combined DNA sequence data by use of two separate phylogenetic methods yielded the most robust hypothesis of evolutionary relationships and genetic diversity within the FSSC to date. The in vitro activities of 10 antifungals tested against 19 isolates representing 18 species that span the breadth of the FSSC phylogeny show that members of this complex are broadly resistant to these drugs. C1 [O'Donnell, Kerry] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sutton, Deanna A.; Fothergill, Annette; McCarthy, Dora; Rinaldi, Michael G.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Brandt, Mary E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Zhang, Ning] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY USA. [Geiser, David M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP O'Donnell, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kerry.odonnell@ars.usda.gov RI Zhang, Ning/K-3046-2012; Geiser, David/J-9950-2013 OI Zhang, Ning/0000-0003-0755-2505; NR 64 TC 141 Z9 145 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 46 IS 8 BP 2477 EP 2490 DI 10.1128/JCM.02371-07 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 344EI UT WOS:000258908700001 PM 18524963 ER PT J AU Bannerman, DD Springer, HR Paape, MJ Kauf, ACW Goff, JP AF Bannerman, Douglas D. Springer, Hayley R. Paape, Max J. Kauf, Adam C. W. Goff, Jesse P. TI Evaluation of breed-dependent differences in the innate immune responses of Holstein and Jersey cows to Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infection SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE breed; cytokines; dairy cow; innate immunity; mastitis ID BETA-D-GLUCOSAMINIDASE; GROWTH-FACTOR-ALPHA; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; SOMATIC-CELL COUNTS; CLINICAL MASTITIS; DAIRY-COWS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TGF-BETA; BOVINE-MILK; SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS AB Mastitis is one of the most prevalent diseases of cattle. Various studies have reported breed-dependent differences in the risk for developing this disease. Among two major breeds, Jersey cows have been identified as having a lower prevalence of mastitis than Holstein cows. It is well established that the nature of the initial innate immune response to infection influences the ability of the host to clear harmful bacterial pathogens. Whether differences in the innate immune response to intramammary infections explain, in part, the differential prevalence of mastitis in Holstein and Jersey cows remains unknown. The objective of the current study was to evaluate several parameters of the innate immune response of Holstein and Jersey cows to intramammary infection with Staphylococcus aureus, a common mastitis-inducing pathogen. To control for non-breed related factors that could influence these parameters, all cows were of the same parity, in similar stages of milk production, housed and managed under identical conditions, and experimentally infected and sampled in parallel. The following parameters of the innate immune response were evaluated: acute phase protein synthesis of serum amyloid A and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein; total and differential circulating white blood cell counts; milk somatic cell counts; mammary vascular permeability; milk N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) activity; and production of the cytokines, interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-12, tumour growth factor(TGF)-alpha, and TGF-beta 1. The temporal response of all of these parameters following infection was similar between Holstein and Jersey cows. Further, with the exception of changes in circulating neutrophils and NAGase activity, the overall magnitude of these parameters were also comparable. Together, these data demonstrate that the innate immune response of Holstein and Jersey cows to Staph. aureus intramammary infection remains highly conserved despite previously reported differences in mastitis prevalence, as well as genotypic and phenotypic traits, that exist between the two breeds. C1 [Bannerman, Douglas D.; Paape, Max J.; Kauf, Adam C. W.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Springer, Hayley R.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Goff, Jesse P.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Bannerman, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM douglas.bannernian@ars.usda.gov FU American Jersey Cattle Association FX The authors would like to acknowledge Jennifer Bilheimer, Mary Bowman, Amanda Hall, Derrel Hoy and Duane Zimmerman for their technical assistance. The authors Would also like to acknowledge Creig Caruth, Jerri Grove, Andy Mosier and Norman Tjelmeland for their care and handling of the animals in this study. Funding for this research was supported, in part, by a grant from the American Jersey Cattle Association. NR 71 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-0299 J9 J DAIRY RES JI J. Dairy Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 75 IS 3 BP 291 EP 301 DI 10.1017/S0022029908003427 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 345AR UT WOS:000258968900006 PM 18680613 ER PT J AU Karcher, EL Bayles, DO Bannantine, JP Beitz, DC Stabel, JR AF Karcher, E. L. Bayles, D. O. Bannantine, J. P. Beitz, D. C. Stabel, J. R. TI Osteopontin: A novel cytokine involved in the regulation of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in periparturient dairy cattle SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE osteopontin; periparturient; Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; INTERFERON-GAMMA; GENE-EXPRESSION; REAL-TIME; ACTIVATION; DISEASE; COWS; DIFFERENTIATION; TUBERCULOSIS AB Osteopontin (Opn), an important mediator of the cell-mediated immune response, enhances the host immune response against mycobacterial infections. Infections caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) have a devastating effect on the dairy industry. We sought to characterize Opn at the level of gene and protein expression in periparturient dairy cows naturally infected with MAP. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from control, subclinical, and clinical periparturient dairy cows naturally infected with MAP beginning 3 wk precalving to 5 wk postcalving and incubated with medium alone (non-stimulated: NS), concanavalin A (ConA), or a whole-cell sonicate of MAP (MPS). Real-time PCR was performed to evaluate expression of Opn and classical Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Results demonstrated greater Opn expression in nonstimulated PBMC isolated from subclinical cows compared with control and clinical cows. For clinical cows, there was a strong correlation between Opn expression and expression of the Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-1 alpha for nonstimulated PBMC and IFN-gamma and IL-12 for PBMC stimulated with MPS. Expression of tumor necrosis factor-a was greater in clinical cows than the other groups. Nonstimulated, ConA, and MPS-stimulated PBMC from subclinical cows secreted more IFN-gamma, and MPS-stimulated PBMC from clinical cows secreted more IL-4 compared with the other groups. Immunoblot analysis of PBMC detected 4 Opn proteins at 60, 52, 34, and 27 kDa. This is the first study to evaluate the role of Opn on the immune response of dairy cows naturally infected with MAP, and results suggest Opn may be a key regulator against MAP infection. C1 [Bayles, D. O.; Bannantine, J. P.; Stabel, J. R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Karcher, E. L.; Beitz, D. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM judy.stabel@ars.usda.gov OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 EI 1525-3198 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 91 IS 8 BP 3079 EP 3091 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1061 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 329OB UT WOS:000257876000016 PM 18650284 ER PT J AU Hill, SR Knowlton, KF Daniels, KM James, RE Pearson, RE Capuco, AV Akers, RM AF Hill, S. R. Knowlton, K. F. Daniels, K. M. James, R. E. Pearson, R. E. Capuco, A. V. Akers, R. M. TI Effects of milk replacer composition on growth, body composition, and nutrient excretion in preweaned holstein heifers SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calf; milk replacer; nutrient excretion; body composition ID DAIRY CALVES; PROTEIN; FAT AB Twenty-four newborn Holstein heifer calves were fed 1 of 4 milk replacers (MR): control (20% CP, 21% fat; MR fed at 441 g/d); high protein/low fat (HPLF; 28% CP, 20% fat; MR fed at 951 g/d); high protein/ high fat (HPHF; 27% CP, 28% fat; MRfed at 951 g/d); and HPHF MR fed at a higher rate (HPHF+; 27% CP, 28% fat; MR fed at 1,431 g/d). Dry calf starter (20% CP, 1.43% fat) composed of ground corn (44.4%), 48% CP soybean meal (44.4%), cottonseed hulls (11.2%), and molasses (1.0%) was offered free choice. Heifers were obtained from a commercial dairy, blocked by groups of 8 in the order acquired, and randomly assigned to treatments within group. Upon arrival at the research farm, heifers were fed the control for 2 feedings. Treatments were imposed when heifers were 4 +/- 1 d of age. Heifers were on study for 61 +/- 1 d. Body weight and body size measures were taken weekly. Four-day total collection of feed refusals, feces, and urine was initiated at 57 +/- 1 d of age. Heifers were slaughtered at the end of the collection period to evaluate body composition. Preplanned contrasts were used to compare control to all, HPLF to HPHF, and HPHF to HPHF+. Heifers fed the control diet consumed more starter than those fed other treatment diets, but their total dry matter intake and apparent dry matter digestibility were lowest. Fecal output was highest in heifers fed the control diet, whereas urine output and urine N excretion were lowest. Nitrogen intake and urine N excretion were greater for heifers fed HPHF+ compared with HPHF but were not affected by MR fat content (HPLF vs. HPHF). Retention (g/d) of N and P was greater in heifers fed all nutrient-dense diets compared with those fed the control diet, but was not improved by increasing fat in the milk replacer (HPLF vs. HPHF) or by increasing the amount fed. Addition of fat to the milk replacer (HPLF vs. HPHF) increased empty body weight fat content without improving average daily gain or frame measures. Increasing the volume fed (HPHF vs. HPHF+) increased growth rate and empty body weight, but HPHF+ heifers were neither taller nor longer and their carcasses contained more fat. Clear improvements in growth and nutrient retention were observed with more nutrient-dense diets, but most of the improvements were seen with the increased protein intake relative to the control MR; adding fat to the high protein MR did not further improve lean tissue gain. C1 [Hill, S. R.; Knowlton, K. F.; Daniels, K. M.; James, R. E.; Pearson, R. E.; Akers, R. M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Capuco, A. V.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Knowlton, KF (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM knowlton@vt.edu OI Daniels, Kristy/0000-0002-1437-1457 NR 17 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 91 IS 8 BP 3145 EP 3155 DI 10.3168/jds.2007-0860 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 329OB UT WOS:000257876000023 PM 18650291 ER PT J AU Wiggans, GR Cole, JB Thornton, LLM AF Wiggans, G. R. Cole, J. B. Thornton, L. L. M. TI Multiparity evaluation of calving ease and stillbirth with separate genetic effects by parity SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calving trait; dystocia; stillbirth ID GRANDSIRE THRESHOLD-MODEL; UNITED-STATES; PARAMETERS; COMPONENTS; HOLSTEINS; ABILITY; TRAITS; CATTLE AB Evaluations that analyze first and later parities as correlated traits were developed separately for calving ease (CE) from over 15 million calving records of Holsteins, Brown Swiss, and Holstein-Brown Swiss crossbreds and for stillbirth (SB) from 7.4 million of the Holstein CE records. Calving ease was measured on a scale of 1 (no difficulty) to 5 (difficult birth); SB status was designated as live or dead within 48 h. Scores for CE and SB were transformed separately for each trait by parity (first or later) and calf sex (male or female) and converted to a unit standard deviation scale. For variance component estimation, Holstein data were selected for the 2,968 bulls with the most records as sire or maternal grandsire (MGS). Six samples were selected by herd; samples ranged in size from 97,756 to 146,138 records. A multiparity sire-MGS model was used to calculate evaluations separately for CE and for SB with first and later parities as correlated traits. Fixed effects were year-season, calf sex, and sire and MGS birth years; random effects were herd-year interaction, sire, and MGS. For later parities, sex effects were separated by parity. The genetic correlation between first and later parities was 0.79 for sire and 0.81 for MGS for CE, and 0.83 for sire and 0.74 for MGS for SB. For national CE evaluations, which also include Brown Swiss, a fixed effect for breed was added to the model. Correlations between solutions on the underlying scale from the January 2008 USDA CE evaluation with those from the multiparity analysis for CE were 0.89 and 0.91 for first-and later-parity sire effects and 0.71 and 0.88 for first-and later-parity MGS effects; the larger value for later parity reflects that later parities comprised 64% of the data. Corresponding correlations for SB were 0.81 and 0.82 for first-and later-parity sire effects and 0.46 and 0.83 for first-and later-parity MGS effects, respectively. Correlations were higher when only bulls with a multiparity reliability of > 65% were included. The multiparity analysis accounted for genetic differences in calving performance between first and later parities. Evaluations should become more stable as the portion of a bull's observations from different parities changes over his lifetime. Accuracy of the net merit index can be improved by adjusting weights to use evaluations for separate parities optimally. C1 [Wiggans, G. R.; Cole, J. B.; Thornton, L. L. M.] USDA, ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wiggans, GR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM George.Wiggans@ars.usda.gov RI Cole, John/J-8571-2014 OI Cole, John/0000-0003-1242-4401 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 91 IS 8 BP 3173 EP 3178 DI 10.3168/jds.2007-0981 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 329OB UT WOS:000257876000026 PM 18650294 ER PT J AU Sisterson, MS Yacoub, R Montez, G Grafton-Cardwell, EE Groves, RL AF Sisterson, Mark S. Yacoub, Rosie Montez, Greg Grafton-Cardwell, Elizabeth E. Groves, Russell L. TI Distribution and management of citrus in California: Implications for management of glassy-winged sharpshooter SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Homalodisca vitripennis; Pierce's disease; Xylella fastidiosa; epidemiology ID HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA HEMIPTERA; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; PIERCES-DISEASE; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; CICADELLIDAE; HOMOPTERA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INSECTICIDES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VECTORS AB The epidemiology of Pierce's disease of grape (Vitis spp.) in California has changed over the past 10 yr due to the introduction of an exotic vector, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), the glassy-winged sharpshooter. Although this insect is highly polyphagous, citrus (Citrus spp.) is considered a preferred host and proximity to citrus has been implicated as a significant risk factor in recent epidemics of Pierce's disease in Southern California. Consequently, a detailed knowledge of the distribution and management of citrus in relation to grape is needed to improve insect and disease management. Analysis of data on the area planted to these two commodities indicates that only five counties in California concomitantly grow >1,000 ha of grape and >1,000 ha of citrus: Riverside, Kern, Tulare, Fresno, and Madera Counties. Comparison of the distribution of grape and citrus within each of these counties indicates that the percentage of grape that is in proximity to citrus is greatest for Riverside County, but the total area of grape that is in proximity to citrus is greater for Fresno, Kern, and Tulare counties. The use of carbamates, neonicotinoids, organophosphates, and pyrethroids as part of the citrus pest management program for control of key insect pests was compared among the same five counties plus Ventura County from 1995 to 2006. Ventura County was included in this analysis as this county grows >10,000 ha of citrus and has established glassy-winged sharpshooter populations. The use of these broad-spectrum insecticides was lowest in Riverside and Ventura counties compared with the other four Counties. Analysis of historical trapping data at the county scale indicates a negative association of broad-spectrum insecticide use with glassy-winged sharpshooter abundance. These results are used to retrospectively analyze the Pierce's disease outbreaks in Kern and Riverside counties. C1 [Sisterson, Mark S.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Yacoub, Rosie] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Montez, Greg; Grafton-Cardwell, Elizabeth E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Groves, Russell L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Sisterson, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM mark.sisterson@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1041 EP 1050 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1041:DAMOCI]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 338PE UT WOS:000258519100001 PM 18767707 ER PT J AU Hallman, GJ Phillips, TW AF Hallman, Guy. J. Phillips, Thomas W. TI Ionizing irradiation of adults of angoumois grain moth (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) and indianmeal moth (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) to prevent reproduction, and implications for a generic irradiation treatment for insects SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sitotroga cerealella; Plodia interpunctella; quarantine; commodity treatment; radiation ID GAMMA-RADIATION; INHERITED STERILITY; LYMANTRIIDAE; LONGEVITY; BIOLOGY; PUPAE AB Ionizing irradiation is used as a phytosanitary treatment against quarantine pests. A generic treatment of 400 Gy has been approved for commodities entering the United States against all insects except pupae and adults Of Lepidoptera because some literature citations indicate that a few insects, namely, the Angoumois grain moth, Sitolroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), and the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), are not completely controlled at that (lose. Radiotolerance in insects increases as the insects develop, so the minimum absorbed dose to prevent F, egg hatch for these two species when irradiated is adults was examined. Also, because hypoxia is known to increase radiotolerance in insects, Angoumois grain moth radiotolerance was tested in a hypoxic atmosphere. A close range of 336-388 Gy prevented F, egg hatch from a total of 22,083 adult Indianmeal moths. Dose ranges of 443-505 and 590-674 Gy, respectively prevented F-1 egg hatch from a total of 15,264 and 13,677 adult Angoumois grain moths irradiated in ambient and hypoxic atmospheres. A generic close of 600 Gy for all insects in ambient atmospheres might be efficacious, although many fresh commodities may not tolerate it when applied on a commercial scale. C1 [Hallman, Guy. J.] USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Phillips, Thomas W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Hallman, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM guy.hallman@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1051 EP 1056 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1051:IIOAOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 338PE UT WOS:000258519100002 PM 18767708 ER PT J AU Sammataro, D Finley, J Underwood, R AF Sammataro, D. Finley, J. Underwood, R. TI Comparing oxalic acid and sucrocide treatments for Varroa destructor (Acari : Varroidae) control under desert conditions SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; Varroa destructor; oxalic acid; Sucrocide; desert conditions ID APIS-MELLIFERA HYMENOPTERA; HONEY-BEE COLONIES; TEMPERATE CLIMATE; SUCROSE OCTANOATE; JACOBSONI OUD.; FIELD TRIALS; MITE; RESISTANCE; APIDAE; PYRETHROIDS AB The effectiveness of oxalic acid (OA) and Sucrocide (S) (AVA Chemical Ventures, L.L.C., Portsmouth, NH) in reducing populations of the varroa mite Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman (Acari: Varroidae) in honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies was; measured under the desert conditions of Arizona, USA. OA and S were applied three times 7 d apart. A 3.2% solution of OA was applied in sugar syrup via a large volume syringe, trickling 5 ml per space between frames in the colony. S was applied at a concentration of 0.625% (mixed with water), according to the label directions, using a compressed air Chapin sprayer at 20 psi to apply 59 ml per frame space. Varroa mites, collected oil it sticky board before, during, and after the treatments, were counted to assess the effectiveness of the treatments. This study showed that a desert climate zone did not confer any positive or negative results oil the acaricidal properties of OA. Even with brood present in colonies, significant varroa mite mortality occurred in the OA colonies. In contrast, we found that Sucrocide was not effective as a mite control technique. Despite its ability to increase mite mortality in the short-term, varroa mite populations measured posttreatment were not affected any more by Sucrocide than by no treatment at all. C1 [Sammataro, D.; Finley, J.] USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Underwood, R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sammataro, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Lab, 2000 E All Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM diana.sammataro@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1057 EP 1061 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1057:COAAST]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 338PE UT WOS:000258519100003 PM 18767709 ER PT J AU Souza, E Follett, PA Price, DK Stacy, EA AF Souza, Evann Follett, Peter A. Price, Don K. Stacy, Elizabeth A. TI Field suppression of the invasive ant Wasmannia auropunctata (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) in a tropical fruit orchard in Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE little fire ant; invasive species; unicolonial; ant management; ant baits ID PHEIDOLE-MEGACEPHALA HYMENOPTERA; RED FIRE ANT; ARGENTINE ANTS; GALAPAGOS; BAIT; PYRIPROXYFEN; ISLAND; FAUNA AB The little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), is an invasive ant that forms supercolonies when it successfully invades new areas. W auropunctata was first reported ill Hawaii in 1999, and it has since invaded a variety Of agricultural sites, including nurseries, Orchards, and pastures. Amdro (hydramethylnon; in bait stations), Esteem (pyriproxyfen; broadcast bait), and Conserve (spinosad; ground spray) were tested for their efficacy against W. auropunctata ill a rambutan, Nephelium lappaceum L. and mangosteen, Garcinia mangostana L., Orchard by making treatments every 2 wk for 16 wk. Relative estimates of ant numbers ill plots was determined by transect sampling using peanut butter-baited sticks. Significant treatment effects were observed oil weeks 13-17, with reductions ill ant counts occurring ill the Amdro and Esteem treatments. During this period, the reduction ill ant numbers from pretreatment counts averaged 47.1 and 92.5% ill the Amdro and Esteem plots, respectively,,whereas ant numbers ill the untreated control plots increased by 185.9% compared with pretreatment counts. Conserve did not cause a reduction in ant counts as applied ill our experiment. No plots for any of the treatments achieved 100% reduction. Pseudococcidae were counted oil branch terminals at 4-wk intervals. The two predominant species, Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell) and Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) were significantly lower in the Amdro and Esteem treatments oil week 16 compared with controls. Many W. auropunctata were found nesting in protected sites ill the Orchard trees, which may have compromised the ground-based control methods. Absolute density estimates from shallow core samples taken front the Orchard floor indicated the W auropunctata supercolony exceeded 244 million ants and 22.7 kg wet weight per ha. C1 [Souza, Evann; Follett, Peter A.] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Souza, Evann; Price, Don K.; Stacy, Elizabeth A.] Univ Hawaii, Trop Conservat Biol & Environm Sci Program, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Follett, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, 64 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM peter.follett@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 16 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1068 EP 1074 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1068:FSOTIA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 338PE UT WOS:000258519100005 PM 18767711 ER PT J AU Huntzinger, CI James, RR Bosch, J Kemp, WP AF Huntzinger, C. I. James, R. R. Bosch, J. Kemp, W. P. TI Fungicide tests on adult alfalfa leafcutting bees (Hymenoptera : Megachilidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alfalfa leatcutting bee; bees; chalkbrood; fungicide toxicity; insect pathology ID CHALKBROOD DISEASE; PESTICIDES; ROTUNDATA; EFFICACY AB Chalkbroodis a serious disease of alfalfa leafcutting bee Megachile rotundata (F.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) larvae, causing upward of 20% infection in the field. The causative agent is the fungus Ascosphaera aggregata. This bee is used extensively for alfalfa seed pollination in the United States. Using laboratory bioassays, we previously demonstrated that fungicides call reduce chalkbrood levels in the larvae. Here, we evaluate the toxicity Of four fungicides, Benlate, Captan, Orbit, and Rovral, to adult bees by using three different bioassays. In the first test, fungicides were applied to bees' thoraces, fit the second test, mimicking foliage residue, a piece of filter paper soaked in fungicide was placed on the bottom of a container of bees. The third test evaluated oral toxicity by incorporating fungicides into a sugar,water solution that was fed to the bees. The filter paper test did not discriminate among the fungicides well, and the oral test resulted in the greatest mortality. Toxicity to males was greater than to females. The use of fungicides for chalkbrood control is a logical choice, but caution should be used in how they are applied in the presence of bees. C1 [Huntzinger, C. I.; James, R. R.; Kemp, W. P.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Bosch, J.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CREAF, Unitat Ecol, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. RP James, RR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM rosalind.james@ars.usda.gov OI Bosch , Jordi/0000-0002-8088-9457 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 23 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1088 EP 1094 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1088:FTOAAL]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 338PE UT WOS:000258519100008 PM 18767714 ER PT J AU Cabrera-La Rosa, JC Johnson, NW Civerolo, EL Chen, J Groves, RL AF Cabrera-La Rosa, Juan C. Johnson, Niarshall W. Civerolo, Edwin L. Chen, Jianchi Groves, Russell L. TI Seasonal population dynamics of Draeculacephala minerva (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) and transmission of Xylella fastidiosa SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE population dynamics; transmission efficiency; grass sharpshooter; almond leaf scorch; Pierce's disease (PD) of grapevines ID LEAF SCORCH DISEASE; HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA HEMIPTERA; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; PIERCES-DISEASE; ALMOND; SHARPSHOOTER AB The grass sharpshooter, Draeculacephala minerva Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is a very common and often abundant grass-feeding leafhopper in California. Its population dynamics and ability to transmit Xylella fastidiosa were monitored over a 2-yr period in California's San Joaquin Valley. Collections Of individuals from natural populations in irrigated pastures and alfalfa, Medicago savita L. fields adjacent to X. fastidiosa-infected almond (Prunus spp.) orchards indicated the occurrence of three discrete generations per year that peaked during the summer. Population densities varied significantly among experimental field survey sites. Insects captured on intercepting mesh traps, yellow sticky cards, and UV-light traps indicated local movement of these insects into and surrounding X. fastidiosa-infected, almond Orchards. Local movement and seasonal transmission of X. fastidiosa from infected almonds to Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don indicated that this insect may be partly responsible for the slow spread of almond leaf scorch now recently observed in California's San Joaquin Valley. C1 [Cabrera-La Rosa, Juan C.; Johnson, Niarshall W.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Civerolo, Edwin L.; Chen, Jianchi] USDA ARS, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Cabrera-La Rosa, JC (reprint author), Univ Nacl Agr La Molina, Dept Entomol, Apartado 456, Lima, Peru. EM jcabreralr@gmail.com FU Almond Board of California [04-RG-01, 05-RG-01]; University of California, Riverside, CA [5302-22000-007-02S] FX We thank Beth Rutledge, Pat Dwyer, Ryan Croft, Andy Olson, and Alex Pierce for valuable technical assistance. and Bruce Mackey. USDA-Pacific West Area, for assistance with Statistical analysis. Partial financial support for this research was provided by the Almond Board of California under agreement numbers 04-RG-01 and 05-RG-01 and through it Specific Cooperative Agreement with the University of California, Riverside, CA (agreement 5302-22000-007-02S). NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1105 EP 1113 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1105:SPDODM]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 338PE UT WOS:000258519100010 PM 18767716 ER PT J AU Fuester, W Swan, KS Taylor, PB Ramaseshiah, G AF Fuester, W. Swan, K. S. Taylor, P. B. Ramaseshiah, G. TI Effects of parent age at mating on reproductive response of Glyptapanteles flavicoxis (Hymenoptera : Braconidae), a larval parasitoid of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE parasitic Hymenoptera; sex ratio; sex determination; biological control ID SEX; DISPAR AB Glyptapanteles flavicoxis (Marsh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a gregarious larval parasitoid of the Indian gypsy moth Lymantria obfuscata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), that is believed to have potential for inundative releases against gypsy moth populations, because it can be reared in large numbers,with few hosts. Unfortunately, sex ratios in laboratory reared G. flavicoxis are usually male-biased, hindering efforts to mass release this species for biological control by making the production of females costly. Because parental age at time of mating is known to affect the sex ratio in some Braconidae, we crossed haploid males and virgin females at 0, 1, 4, 9, and 16 d old with at least 10 trials for each of the 25 combinations. Numbers and sex ratios of progeny produced by females each day were recorded. Both progeny and sex ratios (percentage of females) among progeny produced by ovipositing females of G. flavicoxis decreased markedly over time, so only the first days production need be used in mass rearing. The reduction in the proportion and numbers of females among progeny as females aged is consistent with sperm depletion. Approximately 30% of females in all age classes mated to newly emerged males (day 0) produced all male progeny, whereas only 10-15% of those mated to older males failed to produce any daughters. When crosses with only male progeny were excluded from the analysis, females mated to males 1 d old had higher sex ratios in progeny than those mated to males in other age classes. In addition, females mated the day that they, emerged tended to have progeny with the highest sex ratios. C1 [Fuester, W.; Swan, K. S.; Taylor, P. B.; Ramaseshiah, G.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Intro Res, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Fuester, W (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Intro Res, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM roger.fuester@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1140 EP 1145 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1140:EOPAAM]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 338PE UT WOS:000258519100015 PM 18767721 ER PT J AU Zhang, YZ Hanula, JL Sun, JH AF Zhang, Yan-Zhou Hanula, James L. Sun, Jiang-Hua TI Host specificity of Argopistes tsekooni (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae), a potential biological control agent of Chinese privet SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Argopistes tsekooni; flea beetle; weed biological control; host specificity; Ligustrum sinense ID LIGUSTRUM-SINENSE; NATIVE PLANTS; WEEDS; OLEACEAE; WEEVIL; RISKS; CURCULIONIDAE; SEQUENCE; INSECTS AB Chinese privet, Ligustrum sinense Lour., is a perennial semi-evergreen shrub that is a serious invasive weed ill the United States. Classical biological control offers the best hope for controlling it ill all economic, effective, and persistent way. Host specificity of one of the most promising biological control agents of Chinese privet, a flea beetle, Argopistes tsekooni Chen (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), was evaluated ill China by using laboratory no-choice and choice tests on 13 species of Oleaceae and eight species ill other families that have important economic value. In adult no-choice survival and oviposition tests, the flea beetle fed and survived for 30 d on Si rinu oblata Lindl., jasminum nudiflorum Lindl., and three species in the germs Ligustrum. Females also oviposited oil these species, but only larvae from eggs laid oil S. oblala and Ligustrum spp. developed successfully. Ill addition, the beetles did not feed or oviposit oil the species of economic importance. In choice tests, adults preferred L. sinense for feeding and oviposition. These results show that A. tsekooni is relatively host specific and warrants further testing as a biocontrol agent of Chinese privet in the United States. C1 [Zhang, Yan-Zhou; Sun, Jiang-Hua] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Hanula, James L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Sun, JH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM sunjh@ioz.ac.cn RI Zhang, Yanzhuo/E-8902-2011 FU USDA-Forest Service Southern Research Station; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30525009]; National Key RD Program [2006BAD08A17] FX We are grateful to Prof. Shuyong Wang for assistance with identification of A. tsekooni: Prof. Xinjian Pan (Forestry Institute of Huangshan city) for identification of test plants: Prof. Jianqing Ding for the suggestion of the test design; and Huaijun Xue for invaluable advice, We also thank Fang Fang and Shengli Xiang for field assistance. We appreciate the advice Of Shuguang Hao and Jianxu Zhang oil data analysis. We are especially grateful to Judith Hough-Goldstein (University of Delaware) and two anonymous reviewers for reviewing the manuscript. This research is part of ail ongoing Sino-U.S. Chinese privet biological control cooperative program funded by the USDA-Forest Service Southern Research Station and partially Supported by tire National Natural Science Foundation of China (30525009) and the National Key R&D Program (2006BAD08A17). NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1146 EP 1151 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1146:HSOATC]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 338PE UT WOS:000258519100016 PM 18767722 ER PT J AU Oliver, JB Reding, ME Dennis, SO Moyseenko, JJ Youssef, NN Klein, MG Callcott, AMA James, SS McAnally, LR Bishop, BL AF Oliver, Jason B. Reding, Michael E. Dennis, Sam O. Moyseenko, James J. Youssef, Nadeer N. Klein, Michael G. Callcott, Anne-Marie A. James, Shannon S. McAnally, Lee R. Bishop, Bert L. TI Drench treatments for management of larval Japanese beetle (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) in field-grown balled and burlapped nursery plants SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Popillia japonica; nursery; scarab; quarantine; white grubs ID EUROPEAN CHAFER COLEOPTERA; ORIENTAL BEETLE; PESTICIDES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INSECTICIDES; CHLORPYRIFOS; HALOFENOZIDE AB Insecticide drenches were applied to postharvest field-grown nursery plants harvested as 60-cm-diameter balled and burlapped (B&B) root balls for controlling third instars of Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin, and thiamethoxam were drencb-applied in fall and spring tests at volumes of runoff (1 x; approximate to 2.57 liters per drench per root ball) or twice runoff (2x). Tests also examined consecutive drenches (two, four, or six) and B&B rotation between drenches. Fall-applied drenches did not meet the Domestic Japanese Beetle Harmonization Plan (DJHP) standards of :5.1 grub and ranged front 0 to 90% control. However, most fall-applied drenches significantly reduced grill) numbers relative to the untreated root balls. Spring-applied drenches,were more effective than fall drenches: chlorpyrifos treatments gave 94-100% control, whereas other spring-applied treatments were less consistent, including thiamethoxam (83-100% control) and bifenthrin (61-1.00% control). Lambda-cyhalothrin was not effective. A higher drench volume (2x) did not significantly improve treatment efficacy; however, grub numbers decreased as the number of drenches increased for fall-applied chlorpyrifos and thiamethoxam and spring-applied bifenthrin. Rotation of root balls significantly reduced grub numbers compared with nonrotated treatments for fall-applied chlorpyrifos (six drenches) and bifenthrin (two or six drenches), but these treatments did not meet DJHP standards. The study indicates chlorpyrifos, bifenthrin, and thiamethoxam drenches call control Japanese beetle in the spring and may provide a new postharvest option to certify B&B plants for Japanese beetle. C1 [Oliver, Jason B.; Youssef, Nadeer N.] Tennessee State Univ, Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, TSU Otis L, Inst Agr & Environm Res, Mcminnville, TN 37110 USA. [Reding, Michael E.; Moyseenko, James J.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit,Hort Insects Grp, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Dennis, Sam O.] Tennessee State Univ, Inst Agr & Environm Res, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Klein, Michael G.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Callcott, Anne-Marie A.; James, Shannon S.; McAnally, Lee R.] USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Soil Inhabiting Pests Sect, Culfport, MS 39501 USA. [Bishop, Bert L.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Comp & Stat Serv, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Oliver, JB (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, TSU Otis L, Inst Agr & Environm Res, 472 Cadillac Lane, Mcminnville, TN 37110 USA. EM joliver@tnstate.edu NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1158 EP 1166 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1158:DTFMOL]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 338PE UT WOS:000258519100018 PM 18767724 ER PT J AU Sandanayaka, WRM Backus, EA AF Sandanayaka, W. R. M. Backus, E. A. TI Quantitative comparison of stylet penetration behaviors of glassy-winged sharpshooter on selected hosts SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Homalodisca coagulata; electrical penetration graph (EPG); probing; host plant acceptance ID WAVE-FORM CHARACTERIZATION; HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA SAY; EMPOASCA-FABAE HOMOPTERA; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; POTATO LEAFHOPPER; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; CICADELLIDAE; HEMIPTERA; VITRIPENNIS; CALIFORNIA AB New Zealand is threatened by invasion of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), an important vector of Xylella fastidiosa, it gram-negative bacterium that causes Pierce's disease ill grape (Vitis spp,) and scorch diseases ill many other horticultural crops. Therefore, all understanding of the host acceptability, feeding behavior, and potential vector efficiency of glassy-winged sharpshooter oil New Zealand crops is important. We tested]lost plant acceptance and feeding behaviors of glassy-winged sharpshooter oil three common horticultural crops, grown in New Zealand (apple [Malus spp. ] grape, and citrus [Citrus SPI]), and a native plant (Metrosideros excelsa [ =tomentosa ] Richard, pohutukawa). using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique. Probing (stylet penetration) behaviors varied among the host plants, primarily due to differences in waveform eveut durations. Apple and grape were the most accepted host plants. oil which glassy-winged Sharpshooter spent the majority of its time oil the plant probing and readily located and accepted a xylem cell for ingestion. This resulted in long durations of sustained xylem fluid ingestion. In contrast, pohutukawa was the least accepted host. Oil this plant, glassy-winged sharpshooter spent less time probing and engaged in longer and more frequent testing/searching and xylem-testing activities, rejected xylem cells frequently, and spent less time with stylets resting, before accepting a xylem cell all ultimately performing the same amount Of sustained ingestion. Citrus plants contaminated with sublethal insecticide residues were intermediate between these extremes, with some acceptance of xylem, but less ingestion, probably (due to presumed partial paralysis of the cibarial muscles. Implications' of the results in terms of host plant acceptance and file development of a stylet penetration index are discussed. C1 [Backus, E. A.] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM msandanayaka@hortresearch.co.nz RI Sandanayaka, Weerakondabaduge/E-3067-2017 OI Sandanayaka, Weerakondabaduge/0000-0002-2831-0516 NR 33 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1183 EP 1197 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1183:QCOSPB]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 338PE UT WOS:000258519100021 PM 18767727 ER PT J AU Hayes, CJ DeGomez, TE Clancy, KN Williams, KK McMillin, JD Anhold, JA AF Hayes, Christopher. J. DeGomez, Tom E. Clancy, Karen N. Williams, Kelly K. McMillin, Joel D. Anhold, John A. TI Evaluation of funnel traps for characterizing the bark beetle (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) communities in ponderosa pine forests of north-central Arizona SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus; Ips; multiple regression models; Pinus ponderosa; stand characteristics ID FLIGHT PERIODICITY; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; TREE MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; DROUGHT; WESTERN; UTAH; CURCULIONIDAE; INFESTATIONS AB Lindgren funnel traps baited with aggregation pheromones widely used to monitor and manage populations of economically important bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). This study was designed to advance our understanding of how funnel trap catches assess bark beetle communities and relative abundance of individual species. lit the second year (2005) of a 3-yr study of the bark beetle community Structure in north-central Arizona pine (Pinus spp.) forests, we collected data on Stand structure, site conditions, and local bark beetle-induced tree mortality at each trap site. We also collected samples of bark from infested (brood) trees near trap sites to identify and determine the population density of bark beetles that were attacking ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson, in the area surrounding the traps. Multiple regression models indicated that the number of Dendroctonus and Ips beetles captured in 2005 was inversely related to elevation of the trap site, and positively associated with the amount of ponderosa pine in the stand surrounding the site. Traps located closer to brood trees also captured more beetles. The relationship between trap catches and host tree mortality was weak and inconsistent in forest stands surrounding the funnel traps, suggesting that trap catches do not provide a good estimate of local beetle-induced tree mortality. However, pheromone-baited funnel trap data and data from gallery identification in bark samples produced statistically similar relative abundance profiles for the five species of bark beetles that we examined, indicating that funnel trap data provided a good assessment of species presence and relative abundance. C1 [Hayes, Christopher. J.; DeGomez, Tom E.; Williams, Kelly K.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Clancy, Karen N.] Forest Serv Res & Dev, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [McMillin, Joel D.; Anhold, John A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Hayes, CJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, NAU Box 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM chayes@email.arizona.edu FU U.S. Forest Service (USFS) Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS) [03-JV-11221605-237]; Northern Arizona University [03-JV-11221605-237]; RMRS [04-PA-11221615-229]; University of Arizona [04-PA-11221615-229]; National Fire Plan research project [01.RMS.B.4]; 2004 USFS Forest Health Protection Western Bark Beetle Research Initiative; RMRS Research Work Unit [4152, 4156] FX We are grateful to the following people who assisted during various phases of the project: Kenneth Baumgartner Vernon Bunker. T. Seth Davis. Beverly Loomis. Eric Osborne, Juliana Suby, MarcTrenam, and Wesley Winslow. We also thank the Coconino, Tonto. and Kaibab National Forests for permitting this research on public lands. We thank the reviewers and the editor for thoughtful comments that greatly improved this manuscript. This research was supported in part by Agreement 03-JV-11221605-237 between the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS) and Northern Arizona University; Agreement 04-PA-11221615-229 between the RMRS and the University of Arizona; National Fire Plan research project 01.RMS.B.4; the 2004 USFS Forest Health Protection Western Bark Beetle Research Initiative; and RMRS Research Work Units 4152 and 4156. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1253 EP 1265 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1253:EOFTFC]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 338PE UT WOS:000258519100029 PM 18767735 ER PT J AU Hanula, JL Mayfield, AE Fraedrich, SW Rabaglia, RJ AF Hanula, James L. Mayfield, Albert E., III Fraedrich, Stephen W. Rabaglia, Robert J. TI Biology and host associations of redbay ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera : Curculionidae : Scolytinae), exotic vector of laurel wilt killing redbay trees in the southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE invasive species; exotic species; Lauraceae; laurel wilt ID XYLOSANDRUS-MUTILATUS; NORTH AB The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), and its fungal symbiont, Raffaelea sp., are new introductions to the southeastern United States responsible for the wilt of mature redbay, Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng., trees. In 2006 and 2007 we investigated the seasonal flight activity of X. glabratus, its host associations, and population levels at eight locations in south Carolina and Georgia where infestations ranged from very recent to at least several years old. Adults were active throughout the year with peak activity in early September. Brood development seems to take 50-60 d. Wood infested with beetles and infected with the Raffaelea sp. was similar in attraction to uninfested redbay wood, whereas both were more attractive than a nonhost species. Sassafras, Sassafras albidium (Nutt.) Nees, another species Of Lauraceae, was not attractive to X. glabratus and very few beetle entrance holes were found in sassafras wood compared with redbay. Conversely, avocado, Persea americana Mill., was as attractive to X. glabratus as swampbay, P. palustris (Raf.) Sarg., and both were more attractive than the nonhost red maple, Acer rubrum L. However, avocado had relatively few entrance holes in the wood. In 2007, we compared X. glabratus populations in areas where all mature redbay have died to areas where infestations were very active and more recent. Trap catches of X. glabratus and numbers of entrance holes in trap bolts of redbay were correlated with the number of dead trees with leaves attached. Older infestations where mature host trees had been eliminated by the wilt had low numbers of beetles resulting in trap catches ranging from 0.04 to 0.12 beetles per trap per d compared with 4-7 beetles per trap per d in areas with numerous recently dead trees. Our results indicate beetle populations drop dramatically after suitable host material is gone and provide hope that management strategies call be developed to restore redbay trees. The lack of attraction of X. glabratus to sassafras suggests that spread of X. glabratus may slow once it is outside the range of redbay. C1 [Hanula, James L.; Fraedrich, Stephen W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Mayfield, Albert E., III] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Forestry, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Rabaglia, Robert J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Mayfield, AE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jhanula@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service; Southern Research Station; Forest Health Protection FX We thank Laurel Week's (Hunting Island State Park), John Moon (Lake Warren State Park) and the South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation, awl Tourism for allowing LIS to Work ill the parks: Joan Shulman and the Hilton Head Audubon Society for permission to work oil Newhall Preserve; the Georgia Department of Natural Resources for permission to work on Jekyll Island; and the Florida DACS Division of Forestry. or permission to work oil Jennings State Forest. Laurie Reid, South Carlina Forestry Commission; Chip Bates, Georgia Forestry Commission and Sally Krebs, Hilton Head Island, provided valuable help ill locating study sites. C. Bates also was instrumental in locating many sites with sassafras for this study Todd Kuntz, Jeffrey Eickwort, Scott Horn, Mike Cody, and Chris Crowe provided valuable field and laboratory assistance. Funding for this research was provided by USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station and Forest Health Protection. NR 19 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 29 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1276 EP 1286 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1276:BAHAOR]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 338PE UT WOS:000258519100031 PM 18767737 ER PT J AU Leskey, TC Pinero, JC Prokopy, RJ AF Leskey, Tracy C. Pinero, Jaime C. Prokopy, Ronald J. TI Odor-baited trap trees: A novel management tool for plum curculio (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plum curculio; Conotrachelus nenuphar; weevil; pheromone; integrated pest management ID CONOTRACHELUS-NENUPHAR COLEOPTERA; APPLE ORCHARDS; PEST-MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; SPRAYS AB The plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), one of the most important pests of apple (Malus spp.) in eastern and central North America, historically has been managed in New England apple Orchards by three full block insecticide applications. Efforts to reduce insecticide inputs against plum curculio include perimeter row sprays, particularly after petal fall, to control immigrating adults. The odor-baited trap tree approach represents a new reduced input strategy for managing plum curculio based on the application of insecticides to a few perimeter-row trap trees rather than the entire perimeter row or full orchard block. Here. we compared the efficacy of a trap tree approach with perimeter row treatments to manage populations after petal fall in commercial apple Orchards in 2005 and 2006. Injury was significantly greater in trap trees compared With unbaited perimeter row treated trees in both years of the study. In 2005, heavy rains prevented growers from applying insecticide applications at regular intervals resulting in high injury in nearly all blocks regardless of type of management strategy. In 2006, both the trap-tree and perimeter-row treatments prevented penetration by immigrating populations and resulted in economically acceptable levels of injury. The trap tree management strategy resulted in a reduction of approximate to 70% total trees being treated with insecticide compared with perimeter row sprays and 93% compared with standard full block sprays. C1 [Leskey, Tracy C.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Pinero, Jaime C.] ETH, Inst Plant Sci Appl Entomol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Prokopy, Ronald J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Leskey, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tracy.leskey@ars.usda.gov FU New England Tree Fruit Research Commission; New Hampshire Department of Agriculture FX We thank Arthur Tuttle, Torri Hancock, Everardo Bigurra and Starker Wright for excellent technical assistance. We also thank Steve Wood (Poverty Lane Orchards), Chuck Souther (Apple Hill Orchard), Richard Ledbeater (Gould Hill Orchards) and Zeke Goodband (Scott Farms) for allowing us to conduct Studies ill personal apple Orchards. We thank Drs. Gerald Chouinard and Nikki Rothwell for reviewing all earlier version, of this manuscript. This project was supported by funding provided the New England Tree Fruit Research Commission and the New Hampshire Department of Agriculture. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1302 EP 1309 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1302:OTTANM]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 338PE UT WOS:000258519100034 PM 18767740 ER PT J AU Osbrink, WLA Cornelius, ML Lax, AR AF Osbrink, Weste L. A. Cornelius, Mary L. Lax, Alan R. TI Effects of flooding on field populations of Formosan subterranean termites (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) in New Orleans, Louisiana SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; termite; flooding; dwellings AB Hurricane Katrina (2005) resulted in extensive flooding in the city of New Orleans, LA. Periodic sampling of monitors before the flood, and of different monitors in the same areas after them flood, was used to evaluate the effects of long-term flooding on populations of Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Monitors were located adjacent to buildings and ill urban forests. Significant population reductions occurred ill areas that flooded 2-3 wk with brackish water, with termite populations associated with pine (Pinus spp.) trees and buildings slower to recover than populations associated with oak trees. Alate Production ill flooded areas showed no reduction from previous years. C1 [Osbrink, Weste L. A.; Cornelius, Mary L.; Lax, Alan R.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Osbrink, WLA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM osbrink@srre.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1367 EP 1372 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1367:EOFOFP]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 338PE UT WOS:000258519100043 PM 18767749 ER PT J AU Carlos, A Perera, OP Gould, F Sumerford, DV Hernandez, G Abel, CA Andow, DA AF Blanco, Carlos A. Perera, O. P. Gould, Fred Sumerford, Douglas V. Hernandez, Gerardo Abel, Craig A. Andow, David A. TI An empirical test of the F(2) screen for detection of Bacillus thuringiensis-resistance alleles in tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heliothis virescens; insecticide resistance management; Cry1Ac; YHD2; single-pair family ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; FIELD POPULATIONS; BORER LEPIDOPTERA; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; TOXINS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; IDENTIFICATION; INSECTICIDES; MISSISSIPPI; FREQUENCY AB Insects exposed to genetically modified crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are under intense selection pressure that could result oil widespread Bt resistance. Screening for early indications of Bt resistance developing ill targeted Lepidoptera is conducted ill many of the regions where genetically modified cotton and corn have been commercialized. Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has been selected ill the laboratory to have a gene for resistance to Cry1Ac. We used this laboratory line to test the assumptions and theoretical predictions related to detection of recessive Bt-resistant alleles ill field populations based on a second generation (F(2)) screen. By creating single-pair families from mating a heterozygous Cry1Ac-resistant moth with a Cry1Ac-susceptible moth, we simulated the most common genotype when Bt-resistance alleles are at low frequency in the field. The second generation (F(2)) neonates of single-pair families were screened daily with diagnostic concentration bio-assays. Cry1Ac-resistant homozygous larvae were detected, but the proportion of resistant larvae was generally below the theoretical expectation of 6.25% and was influenced by the moth F(1) sib-mating density and by the day of oviposition of F, eggs. Logistical considerations such as F(1) sib-mating density and F(2) neonate screening are important for the successful implementation of a reliable method. C1 [Blanco, Carlos A.; Perera, O. P.; Abel, Craig A.] USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Gould, Fred] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Sumerford, Douglas V.] Iowa State Univ, Genet Lab, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hernandez, Gerardo] Univ Autonoma Metropoltana Ixtapalapa, Dept Matemat, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Andow, David A.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Carlos, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM eblanco@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1406 EP 1414 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1406:AETOTF]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 338PE UT WOS:000258519100048 PM 18767754 ER PT J AU Ni, XZ Krakowsky, MD Buntin, GD Rector, BG Guo, BZ Snook, ME AF Ni, Xinzhi Krakowsky, Matthew D. Buntin, G. David Rector, Brian G. Guo, Baozhu Snook, Maurice E. TI Identification of multiple ear-colonizing insect and disease resistance in CIMMYT maize inbred lines with varying levels of silk maysin SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corn earworm; maize weevil; stink bugs; common stunt; husk extension ID CORN-EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION; NOCTUIDAE; INJURY; CONTAMINATION; GERMPLASM; GEORGIA; HYBRIDS; LARVAE AB Ninety four corn inbred lilies selected from International Center for the Improvement of Maize and Wheat (CIMMYT) in Mexico were evaluated for levels of silk maysin in 2001 and 2002. Damage by major ear-feeding insects [i.e., corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae); brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say); southern green stink bugs, Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)], and common smut [Ustilago maydis DC (Corda)] infection oil these inbred lilies were evaluated in 2005 and 2006 under subtropical conditions at Tifton, GA. Tell inbred lilies possessing good agronomic traits were also resistant to the corn earworm. The correlation between ear-feeding insect damage or smut infection and three phenotypic traits (silk maysin level, husk extension, and husk tightness of corn ears) wits also examined. Corn earworm and stink bug damage was negatively correlated to husk extension, but not to either silk maysin levels or husk tightness. In combination with the best agronomic trait ratings that show the least corn earworm and stink bug damage, lowest smut infection rate, and good insect-resistant phenotypic traits (i.e., high maysin and good husk coverage and husk tightness), 10 best inbred lilies (CML90, CML92, CML94, CML99, CML104, CML108, CML114, CML128, CML137, and CML373) were identified from the 94 lilies examined. These selected inbred lines will be used for further examination of their resistance mechanisms and development of new corn germplasm that confers multiple ear-colonizing pest resistance. C1 [Ni, Xinzhi; Krakowsky, Matthew D.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Buntin, G. David] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Rector, Brian G.] USDA ARS, European Biol Control Lab, Montpellier, France. [Guo, Baozhu] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Snook, Maurice E.] USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Ni, XZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM xinzhi.ni@ars.usda.gov RI Ni, Xinzhi/C-4409-2011 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1455 EP 1465 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1455:IOMEIA]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 338PE UT WOS:000258519100054 PM 18767760 ER PT J AU Setamou, M Flores, D French, JV Hall, DG AF Setamou, Mamoudou Flores, Daniel French, J. Victor Hall, David G. TI Dispersion patterns and sampling plans for Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera : Psyllidae) in citrus SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diaphorina citri; dispersion; sampling units; sample size ID INSECT POPULATIONS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SOUTHERN FLORIDA; HOMOPTERA; ABUNDANCE; BEHAVIOR; BIOLOGY; DISEASE; TREES AB The abundance and spatial dispersion of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) were studied in 34 grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfad.) and six sweet orange [Citrus Sinensis (L.) Osbeck] Orchards from March to August 2006 when the pest is more abundant in southern Texas. Although flush shoot infestation levels did not vary with host plant species, densities of D. citri eggs, nymphs, and adults were significantly higher oil sweet orange than oil grapefruit. D. citri immatures also were found in significantly higher numbers in the southeastern quadrant of trees than other parts of the canopy. The spatial distribution of D. citri nymphs and adults was analyzed using Iowa's patchiness regression and Taylor's power law. Taylor's power law fitted the data better than Iowa's model. Based oil both regression models, the field dispersion patterns of D. citri nymphs and adults were aggregated among flush Shoots ill individual trees as indicated by the regression slopes that were significantly >1. For the average density of each life stage obtained during our surveys, the minimum number of flush shoots per tree needed to estimate D. citri densities varied front eight for eggs to four flush shoots for adults. Projections indicated that a sampling plan consisting of 10 trees and eight flush shoots per tree would provide density estimates of the three developmental stages of D. citri acceptable enough for population studies and management decisions. A presence-absence sampling plan with a fixed precision level was developed and can be used to provide a quick estimation of D. citri populations in citrus Orchards. C1 [Setamou, Mamoudou; French, J. Victor] Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Citrus Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Flores, Daniel] Pest Detect Diagnost & Management Lab, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Hall, David G.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Setamou, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Citrus Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM msetamou@ag.tamu.edu FU USDA-APHIS; citrus commodity pest survey (CAPS) FX We thank D. Davila, R. Saldana, and M. Garcia for assistance with data collection, and the citrus growers of the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas for permission to sample their orchards, We are also grateful to Drs. J. V. da Graca and M. J. Brewer and one anonymous reviewer for helpful comments oil all earlier version of this manuscript. Partial funding was provided by USDA-APHIS through a citrus commodity pest survey (CAPS) grant. NR 41 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 18 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1478 EP 1487 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1478:DPASPF]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 338PE UT WOS:000258519100057 PM 18767763 ER PT J AU Knutson, AE Muegge, MA Wilson, LT Naranjo, SE AF Knutson, Allen E. Muegge, Mark A. Wilson, L. T. Naranjo, Steve E. TI Evaluation of sampling methods and development of sample plans for estimating predator densities in cotton SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beneficial arthropods; OHMS; spiders; cotton; beat bucket ID ARTHROPOD POPULATIONS; SEASON COTTON; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; EGGS; INSECTICIDE; CALIFORNIA; ABSOLUTE; BOLLWORM; APHID AB The cost-reliability of five sampling methods (Visual seat-ell, drop Cloth, beat bucket, shake bucket, and sweep net) was determined for four groups of predatory arthropodson cotton plants in Texas. The beat bucket sample method was the most cost-reliable sampling method for Oriusa dults, and the beat bucket and drop cloth were the most cost-reliable methods for Orius nymphs. The drop cloth and beat bucket were the most cost-reliable methods for sampling spiders. For sampling adult Coccinellidae, the sweep net and the beat bucket were the most cost-reliable. The Visual sample method was the least cost-reliable method for Orius adults and nymphs and spiders, No one sampling method was identified as the optimum method for all four predator groups. However, the relative cost-reliability of the beat bucket method ranked first or second among the five sampling methods and this Inethod was chosen for further evaluation in field studies in Texas and Arizona, The relative cost-reliability of 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-plants per beat bucket sample varied with predator group, but Multiple plant sample units Were equal to or more cost-reliable than the one plant sample unit. Fixed sample plans for the beat bucket method were developed for Orius adults, Orius nymphs, spiders. and adult Coccinellidae, and the sum of these groups using the 3-, 5-, and 10-plant sample unit sizes. The greater cost-reliability of the beat bucket sampling method and its ease Of use is of particular advantage in assessing predator densities it) a commercial cotton field monitoring program. C1 [Knutson, Allen E.] Texas A&M AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. [Muegge, Mark A.] Texas A&M AgriLife Extens Ctr, Ft Stockton, TX 79735 USA. [Wilson, L. T.] Texas A&M AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. [Naranjo, Steve E.] US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Knutson, AE (reprint author), Texas A&M AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, 17360 Coit Rd, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. EM a-knutson@tamu.edu RI Wilson, Lloyd/E-9971-2011 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 1501 EP 1509 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1501:EOSMAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 338PE UT WOS:000258519100059 PM 18767765 ER PT J AU Gorski, L Flaherty, D Duhe, JM AF Gorski, Lisa Flaherty, Denise Duhe, Jessica M. TI Comparison of the stress response of Listeria monocytogenes strains with sprout colonization SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; ALFALFA SPROUTS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; CELL-GROWTH; ATTACHMENT; RHIZOSPHERE; PSEUDOMONAS; RESISTANCE; TOLERANCE AB Twenty-nine strains of the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes were tested for their ability to colonize alfalfa, radish, and broccoli sprouts and their capacity to withstand acid and oxidative stress, two stresses common to the sprouting environment. Wide variation in the ability of different strains to colonize alfalfa sprouts were confirmed, but the variations among radish and broccoli sprouts were not as large. With a few exceptions, strains that were poor colonizers of alfalfa tended to be among the poorer colonizers of radish and broccoli and vice versa. The strains also were variable in their resistance to both acid and oxidative stress. Statistical analysis revealed no correlation between acid stress and sprout colonization, but there was a positive correlation between resistance to oxidative stress and colonization of all three sprout types. Although the response to oxidative stress is important for L. monocytogenes virulence, it also may be important for life outside of a host. C1 [Gorski, Lisa; Flaherty, Denise; Duhe, Jessica M.] USDA ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Gorski, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM lgorski@pw.usda.gov NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1556 EP 1562 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 335DX UT WOS:000258272100003 PM 18724748 ER PT J AU Kingsley, DH Chen, HQ AF Kingsley, David H. Chen, Haiqiang TI Aqueous matrix compositions and pH influence feline calicivirus inactivation by high pressure processing SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; HIGH HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; TEMPERATURE; NOROVIRUSES; DEPENDENCE; KINETICS; SUCROSE AB The individual effects of pH (pH 3 to 8), NaCl (0 to 21%), sucrose (0 to 70%), and whey protein (0 to 2%) on pressure resistance of feline calicivirus (FCV) in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium with 10% fetal bovine serum were determined. At pH 3 through 8, the virus was more resistant to pressure at a pH of <= 5.2. For FCV samples with sucrose (up to 40%) or NaCl (up to 12%), the amount of FCV inactivated by pressure was inversely proportional to the sucrose or NaCl concentration. For example, a treatment of 250 MPa at 20 degrees C for 5 min reduced the FCV titer by 5.1 log PFU/ml without added sucrose and by 0.9 log PFU/ml with 40% sucrose. Reduced pressure sensitivity with increasing NaCl and sucrose concentrations was not a simple function of water activity. Different PFU reductions were observed for NaCl and sucrose samples with equivalent water activity. Whey protein at concentrations up to 2% did not provide a protective effect. The combined effect of NaCl and sucrose at 4 and 20 degrees C on pressure resistance of FCV also was examined. When both NaCl and sucrose were added to the FCV stock, they had an additive effect on increasing the pressure resistance of FCV. The individual (6% NaCl or 20% sucrose) and combined (6% NaCl plus 20% sucrose) resistance effects did not abrogate enhanced inactivation for pressure treatments at 4 degrees C compared with those at 20 degrees C. Aqueous matrix compositions, in particular different concentrations of NaCl and sucrose or different pH values, can substantially alter the efficiency of virus inactivation by high pressure processing. C1 [Chen, Haiqiang] Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kingsley, David H.] Delaware State Univ, USDA, ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit,WW Baker Ctr, Dover, DE 19901 USA. RP Chen, HQ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM haiqiang@udel.edu NR 22 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1598 EP 1603 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 335DX UT WOS:000258272100008 PM 18724753 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Friedman, M AF Juneja, Vijay K. Friedman, Mendel TI Carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde facilitate thermal destruction of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in raw ground beef SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; BACILLUS-CEREUS; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; HEAT-RESISTANCE; OREGANO OIL; GROWTH; COMPONENTS AB The heat resistance of a four-strain mixture of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in raw ground beef in both the absence and presence of the antimicrobials carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde was tested at temperatures ranging from 55 to 62.5 degrees C. Inoculated meat packaged in bags was completely immersed in a circulating water bath, cooked for I h to an internal temperature of 55, 58, 60, or 62.5 degrees C, and then held for predetermined lengths of time ranging from 210 min at 55 degrees C to 5 min at 62.5 degrees C. The surviving bacteria were enumerated by spiral plating onto tryptic soy agar overlaid with sorbitol MacConkey agar. Inactivation kinetics of the pathogens deviated from first-order kinetics. D-values (time for the bacteria to decrease by 90%) in the control beef ranged from 63.90 min at 55 degrees C to 1.79 min at 62.5 degrees C. D-values determined by a logistic model ranged from 43.18 min (D-1, the D-value of a major population of surviving cells) and 89.84 min (D-2, the D-value of a minor subpopulation) at 55 degrees C to 1.77 (D-1) and 0.78 min (D-2) at 62.5 degrees C. The thermal death times suggested that to achieve a 4-D reduction, contaminated processed ground beef should be heated to an internal temperature of 60 degrees C for at least 30.32 min. Significantly increased sensitivity to heat (P < 0.05) was observed with the addition and/or increasing levels of carvacrol or cinnamaldehyde from 0.5 to 1.0%. The observed thermal death times may facilitate the design of acceptance limits at critical control points for ground beef at lower times and temperatures of heating. C1 [Juneja, Vijay K.] ARS, USDA, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Friedman, Mendel] ARS, USDA, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM vjay.juneja@ars.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 40 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1604 EP 1611 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 335DX UT WOS:000258272100009 PM 18724754 ER PT J AU Dowd, SE Williams, JB AF Dowd, Scot E. Williams, Jason B. TI Comparison of Shiga-like toxin II expression between two genetically diverse lineages of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SHIGELLA DIARRHEA; STRAINS; GENES; PATHOGENESIS; IDENTIFICATION; PROMOTER; GENOMES; REGION; CATTLE; PHAGES AB The existence of two separate lineages of Escherichia coli O157:H7 has previously been reported, and research indicates that one of these lineages (lineage 1) might be more pathogenic toward human hosts. We postulated that the lineage more pathogenic expresses higher levels of Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) than do the nonpathogenic lineage II. A comprehensive set of methodologies were used to investigate the difference in Stx2 protein and mRNA expression between the two lineages. An initial Stx2-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was conducted, and lineage I overall demonstrated significantly more toxin proteins expressed (P < 0.01). Gene expression analyses all showed significantly higher stx(2) gene expression in lineage I (P = 0.02). PCR mapping revealed a possible explanation for decreased amounts of stx(2) transcripts in the potentially nonpathogenic lineage II isolates, suggesting that genomic changes have modified the toxin-encoding region of the phage. This study provides additional data to support the existence of two diverse lineages of E. coli O157:H7, one of which may have lower pathogenic potential in relation to human hosts. The PCR described also provides a possible screening tool for E. coli O157 populations to differentiate these lineages. This study provides useful information on the ecology of E. coli O157, with broad implications within the clinical, scientific, and livestock industries. C1 [Dowd, Scot E.; Williams, Jason B.] ARS, USDA, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Dowd, SE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Livestock Issues Res Unit, 1604 W FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM sdowd@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1673 EP 1678 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 335DX UT WOS:000258272100018 PM 18724763 ER PT J AU Arthur, TM Brichta-Harhay, DM Bosilevac, JM Guerini, MN Kalchayanand, N Wells, JE Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Arthur, Terrance M. Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M. Bosilevac, Joseph M. Guerini, Michael N. Kalchayanand, Norasak Wells, James E. Shackelford, Steven D. Wheeler, Tommy L. Koohmaraie, Mohammad TI Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella in bovine lymph nodes potentially destined for use in ground beef SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PROCESSING PLANT; AEROBIC-BACTERIA; UNITED-STATES; CATTLE; CARCASSES; HIDES; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; RESISTANCE; SLAUGHTER AB A potential source of pathogenic bacteria in ground beef is the lymphatic system, specifically the lymph nodes. Bacteria have been isolated from the lymph nodes of cattle at slaughter; however, most studies have dealt with mesenteric lymph nodes, which are not normally incorporated into ground beef. The objective of the current Study was to determine the prevalence and multidrug-resistance status of Salmonella in bovine lymph nodes associated with lean and fat trimmings that might be utilized in ground beef production. Bovine lymph nodes (n = 1,140) were collected front commercial beef processing plants. Half of the lymph nodes sampled were obtained from cull cow and bull processing plants, and the remainder were obtained from fed beef processing plants. Lymph nodes located in chuck and flank adipose tissue were collected for this study. Salmonella prevalence in the lymph node samples was low, with an overall prevalence of 1.6% and a 95% confidence interval of 0.85 to 2.3%. Lymph nodes from cull cattle carcasses had a higher prevalence of Salmonella than did those from fed cattle carcasses. Lymph nodes from the flanks of cow and bull carcasses had the highest prevalence at 3.86%, whereas lymph nodes from the chuck region of fed cattle carcasses had the lowest prevalence at 0.35%. Three of the 18 Salmonella-positive lymph node samples contained multidrug-resistant Salmonella, and all 3 samples were from cull cattle. C1 [Arthur, Terrance M.; Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M.; Bosilevac, Joseph M.; Guerini, Michael N.; Kalchayanand, Norasak; Wells, James E.; Shackelford, Steven D.; Wheeler, Tommy L.; Koohmaraie, Mohammad] USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Arthur, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM terrance.arthur@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1685 EP 1688 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 335DX UT WOS:000258272100020 PM 18724765 ER PT J AU Tian, P Engelbrektson, AL Mandrell, RE AF Tian, Peng Engelbrektson, Anna L. Mandrell, Robert E. TI Seasonal tracking of histo-blood group antigen expression and norovirus binding in oyster gastrointestinal cells SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID GASTROENTERITIS; VIRUS; MECHANISM; OUTBREAK AB Noroviruses (NORs) are the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks. Outbreaks are often associated with the consumption of contaminated oysters and generally occur between the months of November and March, when oysters produce the highest levels of glycogen. Oyster glycogen has been proposed as playing a role in NOR accumulation. Recent research indicates that histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) function as viral receptors on human gastrointestinal cells. In this study, oyster glycogen was tested to determine whether it contains HBGA-like molecules and whether it plays a role in NOR binding. The correlation between the amount of HBGA expression and NOR binding also was measured. We also tested whether seasonal changes affected HBGA expression and binding of recombinant NORs. The results indicate that recombinant NOR binding is highly correlated with HBGA expression in Virginica (Crassostrea virginica), Pacific (Crassostrea gigas), and Kumamato (Crassostrea sikamea) oysters, but the association does not have a seasonal pattern. No obvious trend in either HBGA expression or recombinant NOR binding by month was noted. A significant increase in recombinant NOR binding was observed in Virginica and Pacific oysters in a season not generally associated with NOR gastroenteritis outbreaks. A significant increase in HBGA expression also was observed for Pacific and Virginica oysters in the same season. Paradoxically, HBGA expression and NOR binding both were higher in oysters produced in the non-NOR gastroenteritis season (April through October) than in those produced in the NOR gastroenteritis season (November through March), suggesting that seasonal NOR gastroenteritis outbreaks are not associated with high levels of HBGA expression or NOR binding. C1 [Tian, Peng; Engelbrektson, Anna L.; Mandrell, Robert E.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Tian, P (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ptian@pw.usda.gov RI Engelbrektson, Anna/K-5563-2012; Engelbrektson, Anna/F-1687-2013 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1696 EP 1700 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 335DX UT WOS:000258272100022 PM 18724767 ER PT J AU Hinton, A Cason, JA AF Hinton, Arthur, Jr. Cason, John A. TI Bacterial flora of processed broiler chicken skin after successive washings in mixtures of potassium hydroxide and lauric acid SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID POULTRY CARCASSES; FATTY-ACIDS; CONTAMINATION; CAMPYLOBACTER; RECOVERY; SALMONELLAE; SURFACE; WATER AB Changes in the size of populations of different groups of bacteria composing the normal flora of processed broiler skin were examined after each of five consecutive washings in mixtures of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and lauric acid (LA). Portions of skin from commercially processed broiler carcasses were washed in distilled water (control) or in mixtures of 0.25% KOH-0.5% LA or 0.5% KOH-1% LA by using a stomacher laboratory blender to agitate the skin in the solutions. After each wash. skin was transferred to fresh solutions, and washing was repeated to provide samples washed one to five times in each Solution. Bacteria in rinsates of the washed skin were enumerated on plate Count (PC) agar, Staphylococcus (STA) agar, Levine eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) agar, and Perfringens (PER) agar with TSC Supplement. Selected isolates recovered on each medium were identified. Overall, no significant differences were observed in numbers of bacteria recovered on PC, STA, or EMB agars from skin after repeated washing in water, but there were significant reductions in the number of bacteria recovered on LAB and PER agars. Repeated washing of skin in 0.25% KOH-0.5% LA or 0.5% KOH-1% LA generally produced significant reductions in the number of bacteria recovered on all media. Furthermore. no bacteria were recovered on PER agar from skin washed five times in 0.25% KOH-0.5% LA. Likewise, no bacteria were recovered on EMB or LAB agars from skin washed three or more times in 0.5% KOH-1% LA or on PER agar from skin washed four or five times in this Solution. Staphylococcus spp. were identified as the skin isolates with the highest degree of resistance to the bactericidal activity of KOH-LA. Findings indicate that although bacteria may be continually shed from poultry skin after repeated washings, bactericidal surfactants can be used to remove and kill several types of bacteria found on the Surface of the skin of processed broilers. C1 [Hinton, Arthur, Jr.; Cason, John A.] ARS, Poultry Proc & Swine Physiol Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Hinton, A (reprint author), ARS, Poultry Proc & Swine Physiol Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM arthur.hinton@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1707 EP 1713 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 335DX UT WOS:000258272100024 PM 18724769 ER PT J AU Schneider, MJ AF Schneider, Marilyn J. TI A rapid fluorescence assay for danofloxacin in beef muscle: Effect of muscle type on limit of quantitation SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESIDUES; CHICKEN MUSCLE; IDENTIFICATION; SAMPLES AB A simple, rapid fluorescence screening assay was applied to the analysis of beef muscle for danofloxacin at the U.S. tolerance level of 200 ng1g. Muscle samples were homogenized in acetic acid-acetonitrile, the resultant mixture centrifuged, and fluorescence of the supernatants was then measured. The significant difference between the fluorescence of control muscle sample extracts and extracts of samples fortified at 200 ng/g allowed for successful discrimination between the samples. Setting a threshold level at the average 200 ng/g fortified sample extract fluorescence -3(T allowed for identification of potentially violative samples. Successful analysis of a group of blind fortified samples over a range of concentrations was accomplished in this manner, without any false-negative results. The limits of quantitation for danofloxacin, as well as enrofloxacin, using this assay were determined in three types of beef muscle (hanging tenderloin, neck, and eye round steak), as well as in serum. Significant differences in limits of quantitation were found among the three different muscle types examined, with hanging tenderloin muscle providing the lowest value. This work not only shows the potential for use of the fluorescence screening assay as an alternative to currently used microbial or antibody-based assays for the analysis of danofloxacm in beef muscle, but also suggests that assays using beef muscle may vary in performance depending on the specific muscle selected for analysis. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Schneider, MJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM marilyn.schneider@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1720 EP 1723 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 335DX UT WOS:000258272100026 PM 18724771 ER PT J AU Jones, DR Musgrove, MT AF Jones, D. R. Musgrove, M. T. TI Assessment of microbial contaminants present on vacuum loaders in shell egg processing facilities SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID PLANT SANITATION PROGRAMS; CONTACT SURFACES; SALMONELLA; CAMPYLOBACTER; LISTERIA AB This study was conducted to determine the pathogen prevalence on vacuum loader cup surfaces. An off-line (birds housed off-site) and a mixed (birds housed on-site and eggs brought from outside production) operation shell egg processing facility were sampled three times each. Twenty vacuum loader cups were randomly rinsed with sterile saline per visit. Total aerobic microorganisms and Enterobacteriaceae were enumerated, and the prevalence of Salmonella, Campylobacter and Listeria was determined. Aerobic microorganisms were similar to 5 log cfu/mL, with higher levels noted in the mixed operation. Enterobacteriaceae levels averaged 2.5 log cfu/mL but were higher in the off-line facility. Campylobacter was detected in 1.6% of the samples. Salmonella was detected in 3.3% of the samples with isolates serotyped as Salmonella anatum and Salmonella heidelberg. There was a high prevalence of Listeria (72%). Confirmed isolates were identified as Listeria innocua (98.8%) and Listeria monocytogenes (1.2%). Identification of the populations present on the cup surfaces will allow for the development of more effective cleaning and disinfection programs. C1 [Jones, D. R.; Musgrove, M. T.] USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Jones, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Deana.Jones@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 346 EP 354 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2008.00104.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 331CE UT WOS:000257989500003 ER PT J AU Oscar, TP AF Oscar, Thomas P. TI Persistence of Salmonella serotypes on chicken skin after exposure to kosher salt and rinsing SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID ATTACHMENT; POULTRY; CONTAMINATION; CARCASSES; SURFACES; BACTERIA; PARTS; MEAT AB A series of experiments was undertaken to determine whether kosher salt reduces persistence of Salmonella serotypes that might cross-contaminate chicken skin on the conveyor belt between the soaking and salting stations in a kosher processing line. The line was simulated in the laboratory because Salmonella could not be inoculated onto chickens in a commercial plant. Prevalence of Salmonella Typhimurium (0.5 log(10) cfu) was reduced (P < 0.0001) from 93 to 21% by kosher salt followed by rinsing as compared with 48% for rinsing alone; results were similar for Salmonella Kentucky and for 12 and 24C. Salmonella Hadar was less persistent than the other serotypes. The beneficial effect of kosher salt on reducing persistence of Salmonella was not observed when initial pathogen levels were greater than 2.5 log(10) cfu and when kosher salt was applied without rinsing. These results suggest that the application of kosher salt followed by rinsing is an important pathogen reduction step in the kosher processing of chickens. C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, ARS,USDA, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Oscar, TP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, ARS,USDA, Room 2111, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM Thomas.Oscar@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 389 EP 399 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2008.00107.x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 331CE UT WOS:000257989500006 ER PT J AU Bhaduri, S Sommers, CH AF Bhaduri, Saumya Sommers, Christopher H. TI Detection of Yersinia pestis by comparison of virulence plasmid (pYV/pCD)-associated phenotypes in Yersinia species SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID BEARING CLONES; ENTEROCOLITICA; PLAGUE; IDENTIFICATION; SEROTYPES; OUTBREAK; BINDING; ASSAY; PCR AB Consumption of meat contaminated with Yersinia pestis can cause oro-pharyngeal plague in humans. Existing microbiological media designed for selective detection of Y. pestis in food are not satisfactory for that purpose. Expression of genetic determinants in Yersinia species including low calcium response (Lcr), colony size, crystal violet (CV) binding, Congo red (CR) uptake, autoagglutination (AA) and hydrophobicity (HP) were compared. Lcr and CV binding were detectable within 24 h at 37C in Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis but at 48 h in Y. pestis. Colony size, AA, and HP characteristics were expressed in Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica, but not in Y. pestis. CR uptake in Y. pestis was demonstrated only on calcium-deficient CR-magnesium oxalate (CR-MOX) tryptic soy agar but was expressed on both CR-MOX and low-calcium agarose medium for Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica. CR-uptake phenotype by Y. pestis can be used for the detection of this pathogen in foods. C1 [Bhaduri, Saumya] Eastern Reg Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Sommers, Christopher H.] Eastern Reg Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bhaduri, S (reprint author), Eastern Reg Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM saumya.bhaduri@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 453 EP 466 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2008.00123.x PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 331CE UT WOS:000257989500011 ER PT J AU Min, B Nam, KC Cordray, J Ahn, DU AF Min, B. Nam, K. C. Cordray, J. Ahn, D. U. TI Endogenous factors affecting oxidative stability of beef loin, pork loin, and chicken breast and thigh meats SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DPPH radical scavenging activity; ferric ion reducing capacity; iron; lipid oxidation; lipoxygenase-like activity ID OVER FLAVOR DEVELOPMENT; LIPID OXIDATION; LIPOXYGENASE ACTIVITY; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ASCORBIC-ACID; LINOLEIC-ACID; MODEL SYSTEMS; MUSCLE FOODS; TURKEY MEAT; IRON AB The susceptibility of meats from different animal species (chicken breast [CB] and thigh [CT], pork [PL], and beef [BL]) to lipid oxidation was studied. The amounts of TBARS in raw PL, CB, and CT did not change during a 7-d storage period. TBARS values of raw BL, however, significantly increased during 7-d storage because of high heme iron content, high lipoxygenase-like activities, and low 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities. Ferric ion reducing capacities (FRC) were detected in all raw meats, but their characteristics were different: storage-unstable in CB and CT and storage-stable in PL and BL. Ferric ion reducing capacities in raw CB and CT was higher than those of PL and BL, and could be related to their high oxidative stability. The TBARS values of cooked meat increased significantly with storage. The rates of TBARS increase in cooked CT and BL were significantly higher than those of cooked CB and PL after a 7-d storage. Nonheme iron content in cooked BL was higher than other meats and increased significantly after 7 d. Cooked BL had a higher amount of heat-stable FRC, which acted as a prooxidant in the presence of high free ionic irons, than other meats. Therefore, high heat-stable FRC and increased nonheme Iron content in cooked BL were responsible for its high susceptibility to lipid oxidation. Despite relatively low nonheme iron and heat-stable FRC levels, cooked CT showed similar levels of TBARS to cooked BL after a 7-d storage because of its high PUFA content. C1 [Cordray, J.; Ahn, D. U.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Min, B.] USDA ARS, Aquaculture Syst Res Unit, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. RP Ahn, DU (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM duahn@iastate.edu FU Natl. Integrated Food Safety Initiative/USDA, Washington, D.C. [2002-5110-01957] FX This study was supported by the Natl. Integrated Food Safety Initiative/USDA (USDA grant 2002-5110-01957), Washington, D.C. NR 53 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 73 IS 6 BP C439 EP C446 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00805.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 340AQ UT WOS:000258618800003 PM 19241532 ER PT J AU Sheen, S AF Sheen, S. TI Modeling surface transfer of Listeria monocytogenes on salami during slicing SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Listeria; modeling; salami; slicing; transfer ID STAINLESS-STEEL; CROSS-CONTAMINATION; BIOFILM FORMATION; TURKEY BREAST; ATTACHMENT; PRODUCTS; RETAIL; MEAT AB Listeria monocytogenes has been implicated in several listeriosis outbreaks linked to the consumption of presliced ready-to-eat (RTE) deli meats, which has drawn considerable attention in regard to possible cross-contamination during slicing operation at retail and food service environments. Salami with 15% fat (a moderate fat content deli item) was used to investigate the transfer of L. monocytogenes between a meat slicer and salami slices and to understand its impact on food safety. A 6-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes was inoculated onto a slicer blade to an initial level of approximately 3, 5, 6, 7, or 9 log CFU/blade (or approximately 2, 4, 5, 6, or 8 log CFU/cm(2) of the blade edge area), and then the salami was sliced to a thickness of I to 2 mm (case 1). For another cross-contamination scenario, a clean blade was first used to slice salami loaf that was previously surface-inoculated with L. monocytogenes (approximately 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 log CFU/100 cm(2) area), followed by slicing the uninoculated salami loaf (case 11). The salami slicing rate was maintained at an average of 3 to 4 slices per minute in all the tests. The results showed that the empirical models developed In this study were reasonably accurate in describing the transfer trend/pattern of L. monocytogenes between the blade and salami slices if the inoculum level was > 5 log CFU on the salami or blade. With an initial inoculum at 3 or 4 log CFU, the experimental data seemed to suggest a rather random pattern of bacterial transfer between blade and salami. The currently developed models are microbial load (n), sequential slice index (X), and contamination route dependent, which might limit their applications to certain conditions. However, the models may be further applied to predict the 3 or 4 log CFU level (and below) cross-contamination of salami slicing process. Considering only few data are available in the literature regarding food pathogen surface transfer, the empirical models may provide a useful tool in building risk assessment procedures. C1 ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Sheen, S (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM shiowshuh.sheen@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 73 IS 6 BP E304 EP E311 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00833.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 340AQ UT WOS:000258618800024 PM 19241551 ER PT J AU Shi, J Pan, Z McHugh, TH Wood, D Zhu, Y Avena-Bustillos, RJ Hirschberg, E AF Shi, J. Pan, Z. McHugh, T. H. Wood, D. Zhu, Y. Avena-Bustillos, R. J. Hirschberg, E. TI Effect of berry size and sodium hydroxide pretreatment on the drying characteristics of blueberries under infrared radiation heating SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE blueberry; diffusivity; infrared drying; pretreatment; size; sodium hydroxide ID WILD BLUEBERRIES; SEEDLESS GRAPES; KINETICS; DEHYDRATION; MOISTURE; SLICES; DIFFUSIVITY; REMOVAL; RAISINS; SURFACE AB This research studied the effect of berry size and dipping pretreatment in hot sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution on the drying characteristics of blueberries under infrared radiation (IR) heating. Changes in the microstructure and diffusion coefficient of the berries after the NaOH pretreatment were also determined using scanning electronic microscopy and dynamic vapor sorption (DVS), respectively. To quantify the effect of berry size, nonpretreated bulk blueberries were sorted into 6 groups based on their diameters and dried at 70 degrees C. To determine the effectiveness of NaOH pretreatment in improving drying characteristics, bulk blueberries of different sizes, both nonpretreated and NaOH pretreated, were dried at constant temperatures of 80 and 90 degrees C, and variable temperatures of 70 degrees C for 50 min followed by 90 degrees C for 50 min. The NaOH pretreatment dipped blueberries in 0.1% NaOH solution with fruit to solution ratio 1:1 (w/v) at initial temperature of 93 degrees C for 5 s. Results showed that the drying rate increased with decreased berry size. Average moisture diffusivity was in the range of 5.89 to 8.13 m(2)/s at 70 degrees C. The NaOH pretreatment increased drying rate and moisture diffusivity and reduced the number of broken berries, especially at high drying temperatures. Results from SEM observation and DVS showed that the increase in diffusivity coefficients of berry coat and loss of intact microstructure in coat and tissue cells might contribute to the effect of NaOH pretreatment on the IR drying of blueberries. C1 [Shi, J.; Pan, Z.; McHugh, T. H.; Avena-Bustillos, R. J.] USDA ARS WRRC, Processed Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Wood, D.] USDA ARS WRRC, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Shi, J.] NW A&F Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Pan, Z.; Zhu, Y.; Avena-Bustillos, R. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hirschberg, E.] Innovat Foods Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. RP Pan, Z (reprint author), USDA ARS WRRC, Processed Foods Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM zpan@pw.usda.gov FU Wetestern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS; Innovative Foods Inc. [58-3K95-5-1089] FX The authors thank Don Olson, Wetestern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, for his support in the experiments and partial financial support from Innovative Foods Inc. under the USDA ARS CRADA Nr 58-3K95-5-1089. The research was conducted at the Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, and the Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Univ. of California, Davis, Calif. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 73 IS 6 BP E259 EP E265 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00816.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 340AQ UT WOS:000258618800018 PM 19241546 ER PT J AU Hager, A Howard, LR Prior, RL Brownmiller, C AF Hager, A. Howard, L. R. Prior, R. L. Brownmiller, C. TI Processing and storage effects on monomeric anthocyanins, percent polymeric color, and antioxidant capacity of processed black raspberry products SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anthocyanins; antioxidant capacity; black raspberries; polymeric color; processing ID BLUEBERRY POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; VACCINIUM-CORYMBOSUM L; FRUIT; CANCER; JUICE; CHEMOPREVENTION; PHENOLICS; SPECTROMETRY; STRAWBERRIES; MECHANISMS AB This study evaluated the effects of processing and 6 mo of storage on total monomeric anthocyanins, percent polymeric color, and antioxidant capacity of black raspberries that were individually quick-frozen (IQF), canned-in-syrup, canned-in-water, pureed, and juiced (clarified and nonclarified). Total monomeric anthocyanins, percent polymeric color, and ORAC(FL) were determined 1 d postprocessing and after 1, 3, and 6 mo of storage. Thermal processing resulted in marked losses in total anthocyanins ranging from 37% in puree to 69% to 73% in nonclarified and clarified juices, respectively, but only the juices showed substantial losses (38% to 41%) in ORAC(FL). Storage at 25 degrees C of all thermally processed products resulted in dramatic losses in total anthocyanins ranging from 49% in canned-in-syrup to 75% in clarified juices. This coincided with marked increases in percent polymeric color values of these products over the 6-mo storage. ORAC(FL) values showed little change during storage, indicating that the formation of polymers compensated for the loss of antioxidant capacity due to anthocyanin degradation. Total anthocyanins and ORAC(FL) of IQF berries were well retained during long-term storage at -20 degrees C. C1 [Hager, A.; Howard, L. R.; Brownmiller, C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Hager, A.; Prior, R. L.] Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Prior, R. L.] ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Hager, A (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM lukeh@uark.edu NR 40 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 73 IS 6 BP H134 EP H140 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00855.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 340AQ UT WOS:000258618800063 PM 19241590 ER PT J AU Perez-Diaz, IM McFeeters, RF AF Perez-Diaz, I. M. McFeeters, R. F. TI Microbiological preservation of cucumbers for bulk storage using acetic acid and food preservatives SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acidification; ethanol; organic acids; stabilization; vegetables ID MALIC-ACID; FERMENTATION; GROWTH; YEASTS AB Microbial growth did not occur when cucumbers were preserved without a thermal process by storage in solutions containing acetic acid, sodium benzoate, and calcium chloride to maintain tissue firmness. The concentrations of acetic acid and sodium benzoate required to ensure preservation were low enough so that stored cucumbers could be converted to the finished product without the need to wash out and discard excess acid or preservative. Since no thermal process was required, this method of preservation would be applicable for storing cucumbers in bulk containers. Acid tolerant pathogens died off in less than 24 h with the pH, acetic acid, and sodium benzoate concentrations required to assure the microbial stability of cucumbers stored at 30 degrees C. Potassium sorbate as a preservative in this application was not effective. Yeast growth was observed when sulfite was used as a preservative. C1 [Perez-Diaz, I. M.; McFeeters, R. F.] N Carolina State Univ, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Perez-Diaz, IM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ilenys.perez-diaz@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 73 IS 6 BP M287 EP M291 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00795.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 340AQ UT WOS:000258618800033 PM 19241560 ER PT J AU Baldwin, EA Goodner, K Plotto, A AF Baldwin, E. A. Goodner, K. Plotto, A. TI Interaction of volatiles, sugars, and acids on perception of tomato aroma and flavor descriptors SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE principal component analysis; sensory; tomato; volatiles ID LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM MILL; QUALITY; COMPONENTS AB To better understand the effect of sugars and acid levels on perception of aroma volatiles, intensity of tomato earthy/medicinal/musty, green/grassy/viney, and fruity/floral aroma and flavor descriptors were evaluated using coarsely chopped partially deodorized tomato puree. This puree was spiked with 1.5% to 3% sugar (glucose/fructose combinations), 0.1% to 0.2% acid (citric/malic acid combinations), or water and 2 levels of 12 individual food-grade volatiles reported to contribute to tomato flavor. A panel consisting of 6 to 8 trained members rated 9 aroma, 8 taste, and I aftertaste descriptors of the spiked and nonspiked purees. The panelists detected significant differences (P <= 0.1) for various individual aroma compound/sugar/acid combinations for a range of descriptors. Adding 0.2% acids alone to bland tomato puree decreased green and floral aromas as well as sweet taste. Adding 3% sugars alone increased green and musty aromas and decreased floral aroma as well as sour, citrus, and bitter tastes. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained 56.5% of the variation in the first 3 principal components (PCs) for added acids and volatiles to bland tomato puree. The effect of added acids with the various aroma compounds generally increased perception of overall and ripe tomato taste and aroma, tropical aroma, and sour taste, and decreased sweet, fruity, and bitter tastes. PCA for added sugars with volatiles explained 67.8% of the variation in first 3 PCs, and sugars generally decreased perception of sour, bitter, and citrus tastes and green aroma, while enhancing perception of flavors associated with ripe, tropical, and aromatic tomatoes. Adding sugars, acids, and volatiles together had a similar effect to addition of sugars alone. C1 [Baldwin, E. A.; Goodner, K.; Plotto, A.] Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA ARS, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Baldwin, EA (reprint author), Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA ARS, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM Liz.Baldwin@ars.usda.gov RI Barickman, Thomas/I-6993-2012 NR 22 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 8 U2 47 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 73 IS 6 BP S294 EP S307 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00825.x PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 340AQ UT WOS:000258618800047 PM 19241574 ER PT J AU Peter, KA Liang, DL Palukaitis, P Gray, SM AF Peter, Karl A. Liang, Delin Palukaitis, Peter Gray, Stewart M. TI Small deletions in the potato leafroll virus readthrough protein affect particle morphology, aphid transmission, virus movement and accumulation SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN YELLOWS VIRUS; MINOR CAPSID PROTEIN; COAT PROTEIN; DWARF VIRUS; POINT MUTATIONS; 17-KDA PROTEIN; MYZUS-PERSICAE; BUCHNERA GROEL; LUTEOVIRUS; DOMAIN AB Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) capsid comprises 180 coat protein (CP) subunits, with some percentage containing a readthrough domain (RTD) extension located on the particle's surface. The RTD N terminus is highly conserved in luteovirids and this study sought to identify biologically active sites within this region of the PLRV RTD. Fourteen three-amino-acid-deletion mutants were generated from a cloned infectious PLRV cDNA and delivered to plants by Agrobacterium inoculations. All mutant viruses accumulated locally in infiltrated tissues and expressed the readthrough protein (RTP) containing the CP and RTD sequences in plant tissues; however, when purified, only three mutant viruses incorporated the RTP into the virion. None of the mutant viruses were aphid transmissible, but the viruses persisted in aphids for a period sufficient to allow for virus transmission. Several mutant viruses were examined further for systemic infection in four host species. All mutant viruses, regardless of RTP incorporation, moved systemically in each host, although they accumulated at different rates in systemically infected tissues. The biological properties of the RTP are sensitive to modifications in both the RTD conserved and variable regions. C1 [Peter, Karl A.; Liang, Delin; Gray, Stewart M.] USDA ARS, Biol Integrated Pest Managment Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Peter, Karl A.; Liang, Delin; Gray, Stewart M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Palukaitis, Peter] Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. RP Gray, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Integrated Pest Managment Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM smg3@cornell.edu NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 89 BP 2037 EP 2045 DI 10.1099/vir.0.83625-0 PN 8 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 335PF UT WOS:000258301800028 PM 18632976 ER PT J AU Liu, YJ Ordovas, JM Gao, GM Province, M Straka, RJ Tsai, MY Lai, CQ Zhang, K Borecki, I Hixson, JE Allison, DB Arnett, DK AF Liu, Yongjun Ordovas, Jose M. Gao, Guimin Province, Michael Straka, Robert J. Tsai, Michael Y. Lai, Chao-Qiang Zhang, Kui Borecki, Ingrid Hixson, James E. Allison, David B. Arnett, Donna K. TI The SCARB1 gene is associated with lipid response to dietary and pharmacological interventions SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article DE scavenger receptor class B type 1; lipid; genetics; fenofibrate; postprandial ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR; CLASS-B; SR-BI; POSTPRANDIAL LIPEMIA; TRANSGENIC MICE; I GENE; CHOLESTEROL; EXERCISE; LOCUS AB The scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SCARB1) gene is a key component in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway and thus plays an important role in lipid metabolism. Studies suggest that the SCARB1 gene may contribute to variation in plasma lipid levels at fasting; however, the results have been inconsistent, and it is unclear whether SCARB1 may also influence lipid response to dietary and pharmacologic interventions. In this study, we examined genetic variation in the SCARB1 gene in participants of the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study for associations with basal lipid levels, changes in lipid measures after dietary fat intake, and fenofibrate treatment. We found that the exon 1 variant SCARB1_G2S was significantly associated with postfenofibrate change for triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.004). Subjects bearing SCARB1_G2S minor allele A tend to have higher responsiveness to fenofibrate in lowering TG. In summary, our study suggested that the SCARB1 gene may serve as a useful marker that predicts variation in baseline lipid levels, postprandial lipid response, and response to fenofibrate intervention. C1 [Arnett, Donna K.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Liu, Yongjun; Gao, Guimin; Zhang, Kui; Allison, David B.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Allison, David B.] Univ Alabama, Clin Nutr Res Ctr, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Province, Michael; Borecki, Ingrid] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Biostat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.; Lai, Chao-Qiang] Tufts Univ, Ctr Aging, Dept Agr Human Nutr Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tsai, Michael Y.] Univ Minnesota, Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Straka, Robert J.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Expt & Clin Pharmacol Dept, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hixson, James E.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Houston, TX USA. RP Arnett, DK (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 220E Ryals Publ Hlth Bldg,1665 Univ Blvd,1530 3rd, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM arnett@uab.edu OI Allison, David/0000-0003-3566-9399; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U 01 HL72524, U01 HL072524]; NIDDK NIH HHS [3P30DK056336, P30 DK056336]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM074913, R01GM74913] NR 33 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1434-5161 J9 J HUM GENET JI J. Hum. Genet. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 53 IS 8 BP 709 EP 717 DI 10.1007/s10038-008-0302-2 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 332WD UT WOS:000258112900005 PM 18542840 ER PT J AU Hart, KS Lee, BD Schoeneberger, PJ Franzmeier, DP Owens, PR Smith, DR AF Hart, Kelli S. Lee, Brad D. Schoeneberger, Philip J. Franzmeier, Donald P. Owens, Phillip R. Smith, Douglas R. TI Comparison of field measured soil absorption field loading rates and loading rates estimated from soil morphologic properties SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CATCHMENT; SLOPE AB Concerns from local health departments regarding premature septic system failure (less than 1 year from installation) has led to an investigation of septic system soil absorption field design parameters in northeast Indiana. The objective of this study was to compare the loading rate based on field measured saturated hydraulic conductivity (LRm) across a toposequence to the estimated allowable loading rate (LRe) based on soil morphological properties. Saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements were determined by a compact constant-head permeameter at five landscape positions, at four depths (surface horizon, upper argillic horizon, transition zone between the argillic horizon and till parent material, and till). Results showed that for all depths, the LRm was smaller than LRe. Results from this study suggest that the current method of using soil morphological properties to determine the loading rate may overestimate the ability of the soil to properly disperse septic system effluent. C1 [Hart, Kelli S.] LLC, NewFields Agr & Environm Resources, Sacramento, CA 95811 USA. [Lee, Brad D.; Franzmeier, Donald P.; Owens, Phillip R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Schoeneberger, Philip J.] USDA, NRCS Natl Soil Survey Lab, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Smith, Douglas R.] USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Hart, KS (reprint author), LLC, NewFields Agr & Environm Resources, 304 S St,Suite 101, Sacramento, CA 95811 USA. EM bdlee@purdue.edu; Philip.schoeneberger@lin.usda.gov; dfranzmeier@purdue.edu; prowens@purdue.edu; drsmith@purdue.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 13 IS 8 BP 665 EP 670 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:8(665) PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 327XZ UT WOS:000257763100003 ER PT J AU Finch, SD Radcliffe, DE West, LT AF Finch, S. D. Radcliffe, D. E. West, L. T. TI Modeling trench sidewall and bottom flow in on-site wastewater systems SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SOIL-INFILTRATION SYSTEMS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; UNSATURATED FLOW; PURIFICATION AB Little is known about how much wastewater infiltrates the soil via the trench sidewall versus the trench bottom in onsite wastewater systems. Our objectives were to develop a method of simulating trench bottom and sidewall flow using a two-dimensional numerical computer model that would include the trench within the model space and determine how much sidewall flow would occur under steady-state conditions. We used HYDRUS-2D to simulate water flow in a two-dimensional cross section of a conventional gravel-filled trench and the surrounding drainfield. Hydraulic properties of the gravel were assumed (saturated hydraulic conductivity K-s=1,000 cm d(-1)) and simulations were run for drainfield soils consisting of a clay loam (K-s=3.2 cm d(-1)) and a sand (K-s=41 cm d(-1)). Biomats were simulated at the bottom of the trench and part way up the trench sidewall (K-s=0.2 to 2.8 cm d(-1) depending on the simulation). Typical wastewater loading rates for Georgia of 2 and 4 cm d(-1) for the clay loam and sand, respectively, were simulated in three daily doses of 1.4 min in length. Simulations were run until the water level in the trench reached a dynamic equilibrium, as indicated by a repeating pattern of water level daily changes. The method we developed predicted the water level in the trench instead of specifying it as a boundary condition, as has been done in previous modeling studies. In the clay loam soil, we found that the water level in the trench at steady conditions averaged a depth of 9.5-10.9 cm and that 29-31% of the total flow occurred through the sidewall. In the sand soil, we found that water did not pond in the trench and there was no sidewall flow. Much of the sidewall flow in the clay loam soil appeared to be in the "lip" area just above the maximum height of the sidewall biomat. Our results show that sidewall flow is important, but not as high as others have estimated. C1 [Finch, S. D.] Environm Hlth, Gainesville, GA 30501 USA. [Finch, S. D.; Radcliffe, D. E.; West, L. T.] Univ Georgia, Crop & Soil Sci Dept, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [West, L. T.] USDA NRCS, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Finch, SD (reprint author), Environm Hlth, 450 Prior St, Gainesville, GA 30501 USA. EM sdee@uga.edu; dradclif@uga.edu; larry.west@lin.usda.gov NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 13 IS 8 BP 693 EP 701 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:8(693) PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 327XZ UT WOS:000257763100006 ER PT J AU During, A Doraiswamy, S Harrison, EH AF During, Alexandrine Doraiswamy, Sundari Harrison, Earl H. TI Xanthophylls are preferentially taken up compared with beta-carotene by retinal cells via a SRBI-dependent mechanism SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; xanthophylls; cellular uptake; scavenger receptor class B type I; small interfering RNAs; ARPE-19 cells ID PIGMENT EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MACULAR DEGENERATION; CACO-2 CELLS; VITAMIN-A; SCAVENGER RECEPTORS; BINDING-PROTEIN; CELLULAR UPTAKE; ZEAXANTHIN; LUTEIN; SERUM AB The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which carotenoids [xanthophylls vs. beta-carotene (beta-C)] are taken up by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The human RPE cell line, ARPE-19, was used. When ARPE-19 cells were fully differentiated (7-9 weeks), the xanthophylls lutein (LUT) and zeaxanthin (ZEA) were taken up by cells to an extent 2-fold higher than beta-C (P < 0.05). At 9 weeks, cellular uptakes were 1.6, 2.5, and 3.2%, respectively, for beta-C, LUT, and ZEA. Similar extents were observed when carotenoids were delivered in either Tween 40 or "chylomicrons" produced by Caco-2 cells. Differentiated ARPE-19 cells did not exhibit any detectable beta-C 15,15'-oxygenase activity or convert exogenous beta-C into vitamin A. When using specific antibodies against the lipid transporters cluster determinant 36 (CD36) and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), cellular uptake of beta-C and ZEA were significantly decreased (40-60%) with anti-SR-BI but not with anti-CD36. Small interfering RNA transfection for SR-BI led to marked knockdown of SR-BI protein expression (similar to 90%), which resulted in decreased beta-C and ZEA uptakes by 51% and 87%, respectively. Thus, the present data show that RPE cells preferentially take up xanthophylls versus the carotene by a process that appears to be entirely SR-BI-dependent for ZEA and partly so for beta-C. This mechanism may explain, in part, the preferential accumulation of xanthophylls in the macula of the retina. C1 [During, Alexandrine; Doraiswamy, Sundari; Harrison, Earl H.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [During, Alexandrine] Univ Catholique Louvain, Biochim Cellulaire Lab, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Harrison, Earl H.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP During, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM alexandrine.during@uclouvain.be RI During, Alexandrine/I-5405-2015; OI During, Alexandrine/0000-0002-6878-0870 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL 49879, R01 HL049879]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK 044498, R01 DK044498] NR 51 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 8 BP 1715 EP 1724 DI 10.1194/jlr.M700580-JLR200 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 325CS UT WOS:000257566400013 PM 18424859 ER PT J AU Shen, J Arnett, DK Perez-Martinez, P Parnell, LD Lai, CQ Peacock, JM Hixson, JE Tsai, MY Straka, RJ Hopkins, PN Ordovas, JM AF Shen, Jian Arnett, Donna K. Perez-Martinez, Pablo Parnell, Laurence D. Lai, Chao-Qiang Peacock, James M. Hixson, James E. Tsai, Michael Y. Straka, Robert J. Hopkins, Paul N. Ordovas, Jose M. TI The effect of IL6-174C/G polymorphism on postprandial triglyceride metabolism in the GOLDN study SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE inflammation; fat load; postprandial response; triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; cardiovascular disease ID INTERLEUKIN-6 GENE POLYMORPHISM; SUBCUTANEOUS ADIPOSE-TISSUE; LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE ACTIVITY; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; BODY-MASS INDEX; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; OBESE SUBJECTS; DISEASE; IL-6; RISK AB Chronically elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) affects lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Individuals genetically predisposed to higher IL-6 secretion may be at risk of dyslipidemia, especially during the postprandial phase. We investigated the effect of genetic variants at the IL6 locus on postprandial lipemia in US Whites participating in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network study. Subjects were given a single fat load composed of 3% of calories as protein, 14% as carbohydrate, and 83% as fat. Blood was drawn at 0 h, 3.5 h, and 6 h to determine plasma triglyceride (TG), TG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) and lipoprotein particle size. Homozygotes (GG) and heterozygotes (CG) of the -174C/G variant displayed higher plasma IL-6 concentrations compared with major allele homozygotes (CC) (P = 0.029). GG and CG subjects showed higher fasting plasma TG (P = 0.025), VLDL (P = 0.04), and large VLDL (P = 0.02) concentrations than did CC subjects. Moreover, GG and CG subjects experienced greater postprandial response of TG (P = 0.006) and TRL, including chylomicrons (P = 0.005), total VLDL (P = 0.029), and large VLDL (P = 0.017) than did CC subjects. These results suggest that the functional polymorphism -174C>G at the IL6 locus determines the difference in both fasting and postprandial TG metabolism. This phenomenon could be responsible for the observed association of this genetic variant with cardiovascular disease risk. C1 [Shen, Jian; Perez-Martinez, Pablo; Parnell, Laurence D.; Lai, Chao-Qiang; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Arnett, Donna K.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Perez-Martinez, Pablo] Univ Cordoba, Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Res Unit, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr, Cordoba, Spain. [Peacock, James M.] Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Tsai, Michael Y.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Straka, Robert J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Expt & Clin Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Hixson, James E.] Univ Texas Houston, Ctr Human Genet, Houston, TX USA. [Hopkins, Paul N.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Perez Martinez, Pablo/0000-0001-7716-8117; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL054776, HL 54776, U01 HL 72524]; PHS HHS [53-K06-5-10] NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 8 BP 1839 EP 1845 DI 10.1194/jlr.P700033-JLR200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 325CS UT WOS:000257566400025 PM 18420533 ER PT J AU Simmons, M Hiett, KL Stern, NJ Frank, JF AF Simmons, M. Hiett, K. L. Stern, N. J. Frank, J. F. TI Comparison of poultry exudate and carcass rinse sampling methods for the recovery of Campylobacter spp. subtypes demonstrates unique subtypes recovered from exudate SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; poultry processing; subtype; exudate; weep ID BROILER CARCASSES; CHICKEN CARCASSES; JEJUNI; CONTAMINATION; SALMONELLA; COLI; INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE; OPERATIONS; DIVERSITY AB The carcass rinse procedure is a method commonly used for the detection of Campylobacter spp. on processed poultry products. Alternatively, carcass exudate (weep or drip), a viscous fluid comprised of blood and water that leaks into packaging, can also be sampled. It is unknown however if direct carcass rinse or exudate/weep can be utilized to preferentially recover different Campylobacter spp. subtypes. If there is a difference in subtypes recovered, the Campylobacter spp. Subtypes from carcass rinse analysis may not be indicative of consumer exposure, as the exudate is the fluid to which consumers are potentially exposed to due to kitchen cross-contamination. Experiments were conducted to determine if there are differences in recovery of Campylobacter spp. subtypes between the two methodologies. The experiment was Performed in triplicate using three flocks located on different farms. For each flock, 50 fecal samples were obtained on the farm, 25 carcass rinses during pre-chill processing, 25 carcass rinses during post-chill processing, and 50 samples from exudate from carcasses stored at 4 degrees C (25 after 2-day storage and 25 after 6-day storage). Each sample type was cultured for Campylobacter spp. Isolates recovered from positive samples were subtyped using flaA SVR (flagellin A-short variable region) DNA sequence typing and compared for relatedness. The data demonstrated that multiple subtypes of Campylobacter jejuni were present in a flock, and that subtypes present in a flock during production were also present on the final processed product. Subtypes recovered by the two recovery methodologies were similar based on flaA SVR classification. Combining the totals from all 3 flocks a total of 10 flaA SVR subtypes were recovered from post-chill carcass rinses and 9 subtypes recovered from 6-day exudate samples. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hiett, K. L.; Stern, N. J.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Simmons, M.; Frank, J. F.] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hiett, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM kelli.hiett@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD AUG PY 2008 VL 74 IS 2-3 BP 89 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.03.007 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 326AL UT WOS:000257630200005 PM 18495278 ER PT J AU Olubajo, B Bacon, CW AF Olubajo, Babatunde Bacon, Charles W. TI Electrotransformation of Bacillus mojavensis with fluorescent protein markers SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Bacillus mojavensis; gram-positive; GFP; integrative plasmids; electrotransformation; bacterial endophyte ID SUBTILIS; TRANSFORMATION; ELECTROPORATION; THURINGIENSIS; EXPRESSION; VECTORS; FUSIONS AB Gram-positive endophytic bacteria are difficult to transform. To study the interactions between Bacillus mojavensis and maize, a method was developed to transform the microbe by electroporation with three integration plasmids expressing green, cyan and yellow fluorescent proteins (GFP variants). GFP Transformations were verified by antibiotic selection, microscopy and amylase deficiency, based on incorporation of the plasmids through recombination with the amylase gene. Phenotypic expressions of endophytism and fungal antagonisms of the transformants were the same as wild type stains. This represents the first successful transformation of this endophytic species with GFP markers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Olubajo, Babatunde; Bacon, Charles W.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Bacon, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM charles.bacon@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD AUG PY 2008 VL 74 IS 2-3 BP 102 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.03.011 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 326AL UT WOS:000257630200007 PM 18486251 ER PT J AU Khairallah, RJ Khairallah, M Gelinas, R Bouchard, B Young, ME Allen, BG Lopaschuk, GD Deschepper, CF Des Rosiers, C AF Khairallah, Ramzi J. Khairallah, Maya Gelinas, Roselle Bouchard, Bertrand Young, Martin E. Allen, Bruce G. Lopaschuk, Gary D. Deschepper, Christian F. Des Rosiers, Christine TI Cyclic GMP signaling in cardiomyocytes modulates fatty acid trafficking and prevents triglyceride accumulation SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hormone sensitive lipase; energy metabolism; guanylate cyclase; perfusion; isotopes ID HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE; MYOCARDIAL SUBSTRATE METABOLISM; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; HYPERTROPHIED RAT HEARTS; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY; GLUCOSE-OXIDATION; TRIACYLGLYCEROL SYNTHESIS; PYRUVATE-DEHYDROGENASE; VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES AB While the balance between carbohydrates and fatty acids for energy production appears to be crucial for cardiac homeostasis, much remains to be learned about the molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship. Given the reported benefits of cGMP signaling on the myocardium, we investigated the impact of its chronic activation on cardiac energy metabolism using mice overexpressing a constitutively active cytoplasmic guanylate cyclase (GC(+/0)) in cardiomyocytes. Ex vivo working GC(+/0) heart perfusions with C-13-labeled substrates revealed an altered pattern of exogenous substrate fuel selection compared to controls, namely a 38 +/- 9% lower contribution of exogenous fatty acids to acetyl-CoA formation, while that of carbohydrates remains unchanged despite a two-fold increase in glycolysis. The lower contribution of exogenous fatty acids to energy production is not associated with changes in energy demand or supply (contractile function, oxygen consumption, tissue acetyl-CoA or CoA levels, citric acid cycle flux rate) or in the regulation of beta-oxidation (acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity, tissue malonyl-CoA levels). However, GC(+/0) hearts show a two-fold increase in the incorporation of exogenous oleate into triglycerides. Furthermore, the following molecular data are consistent with a concomitant increase in triglyceride hydrolysis: (i) increased abundance or hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) protein (24 +/- 11%) and mRNA (22 +/- 4%) as well as (ii) several phosphorylation events related to HSL inhibitory (AMPK) and activation (ERK 1/2) sites, which should contribute to enhance its activity. These changes in exogenous fatty acid trafficking in GC(+/0) hearts appear to be functionally relevant, as demonstrated by their resistance to fasting-induced triglyceride accumulation. While the documented metabolic profile of GC(+/0) mouse hearts is partly reminiscent of hypertrophied hearts, the observed changes in lipid trafficking have not been previously documented, and may be part of the molecular mechanism underlying the benefits of cGMP signaling on the myocardium. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Khairallah, Ramzi J.; Khairallah, Maya; Gelinas, Roselle; Bouchard, Bertrand; Allen, Bruce G.; Des Rosiers, Christine] Univ Montreal, Montreal Heart Inst, Montreal, PQ H1T 1C8, Canada. [Young, Martin E.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Lopaschuk, Gary D.] Univ Alberta, Dept Pediat, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada. [Lopaschuk, Gary D.] Univ Alberta, Dept Pharmacol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada. [Khairallah, Ramzi J.; Deschepper, Christian F.; Des Rosiers, Christine] McGill Univ, Div Expt Med, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A3, Canada. [Deschepper, Christian F.] Univ Montreal, Inst Rech Clin Montreal, Montreal, PQ H2W 1R7, Canada. RP Deschepper, CF (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Inst Rech Clin Montreal, 110 Pine Ave W, Montreal, PQ H2W 1R7, Canada. EM christian.deschepper@ircm.qc.ca RI Allen, Bruce/B-4693-2008; Des Rosiers, Christine/O-6285-2014; Deschepper, Christian/J-4783-2015 OI Allen, Bruce/0000-0001-9000-9495; Deschepper, Christian/0000-0001-6234-4667 FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research [74460, 77791, 10865]; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL-074259] FX This work was presented at the at the Society Heart and Vascular Metabolism held in Semihamoo, in September 2006, and in Maastricht in June 2007, and at the World Congress of the International Society of Heart Research held in Bologna in June 2007. This study was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grants #74460 to C.F.D. and C.D.R., #77791 to B.G.A. and #10865 to G.D.L.), by the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (studentship to M.K.), and by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (grants #HL-074259 to MEY). B.G.A. is a senior scientist of the FRSQ. NR 72 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2828 EI 1095-8584 J9 J MOL CELL CARDIOL JI J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 45 IS 2 BP 230 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.05.012 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Cell Biology SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Cell Biology GA 343KV UT WOS:000258853400015 PM 18590915 ER PT J AU Kirschke, CP Huang, LP AF Kirschke, Catherine P. Huang, Liping TI Expression of the ZNT (SLC30) family members in the epithelium of the mouse prostate during sexual maturation SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR HISTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE zinc transporters; Slc30 family; ZNT; mouse prostate; male genital tract; cellular zinc accumulation ID MAMMALIAN ZINC TRANSPORTER; GOLGI-APPARATUS; ACRODERMATITIS-ENTEROPATHICA; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CONFERS RESISTANCE; FINE STRUCTURE; DIETARY ZINC; HUMAN ZIP1; CELLS; CLONING AB A prostate contains similar to 10-fold higher zinc than other soft organs. The function of the prostate is to produce a zinc-enriched seminal fluid. To establish a protein expression profile for zinc transporters involved in zinc efflux and intracellular sequestration/storage in the mouse prostate during sexual maturation, ZNT expression were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Our study demonstrated that ZNT proteins were differentially expressed in the prostate during sexual maturation. ZNT1 was mainly detected on the lateral membrane of the epithelium. Other ZNTs examined resided intracellularly. Among differences were a staining of ZNT2/ZNT5 in the ER-rich area of the epithelium in the anterior lobe, a staining of ZNT2 along the lateral and apical membrane, a luminal border staining of ZNT4, a staining of ZNT5 in the Golgi area of the epithelium in the ventral lobe, a uniform expression of ZNT6 across the lobes and ages, and a staining of ZNT7 in all lobes across ages. C1 [Kirschke, Catherine P.; Huang, Liping] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Huang, Liping] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Huang, Liping] Univ Calif Davis, Rowe Program Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Huang, LP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM liping.huang@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture [CRIS:5306-515-30-014-00D]; NIH [P60MD00222] FX We special thank Dr. Shannon L. Kelleher of the Pennsylvania State University for the alpha ZNT2 antibody. We thank Dr. Alexander Borowsky of the Center for Comparative Medicine, UC Davis, for technical support in identification of prostatic lobes. This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture CRIS:5306-515-30-014-00D and the NIH grant P60MD00222. NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-2379 J9 J MOL HISTOL JI J. Mol. Histol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39 IS 4 BP 359 EP 370 DI 10.1007/s10735-008-9174-1 PG 12 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 338WF UT WOS:000258539400002 PM 18548323 ER PT J AU Hunt, JR Hunt, CD Zito, CA Idso, JP Johnson, LK AF Hunt, Janet R. Hunt, Curtiss D. Zito, Carol Ann Idso, Joseph P. Johnson, LuAnn K. TI Calcium requirements of growing rats based on bone mass, structure, or biomechanical strength are similar SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS; CANCELLOUS BONE; MINERAL CONTENT; SOY PROTEIN; SUPPLEMENTATION; OSTEOPOROSIS; DIETS; METAANALYSIS; PHOSPHORUS; DEFICIENCY AB Although calcium (Ca) supplementation increases bone density, the increase is small and the effect on bone strength and fracture risk is uncertain. To investigate if bone mass, morphology, and biomechanical properties are affected by deficient to copious dietary Ca concentrations, the long bones (tibia and femur) of growing female Sprague-Dawley rats (8/group) were assessed after 13 wk of consuming 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 g Ca/kg of a modified AIN-93G diet. Dietary phosphorous (P) and vitamin D remained constant at recommended concentrations. The assessment included mineralization, density, biomechanical properties of breaking by a 3-point flexure test, and morphological properties by microcomputed topography scanning of trabecular bone. of the proximal tibia metaphysis. Dietary treatment did not affect food intake, weight gain, renal and muscle Ca concentrations, and bone hydroxyproline. All bone parameters measured were significantly impaired by Ca deficiency in rats fed the diet containing 1 g Ca/kg. Modest impairments occurred with some parameters (bone density, biomechanical bending moment, modulus of elasticity, and stress) in rats fed 2 g Ca/kg, but all parameters stabilized between 2 and 3 g/kg diet, with no differences between 3 and 7 g/kg. The results suggest that a threshold response in bone Ca retention or bone mass at similar to 2.5 g Ca/kg diet is associated with similar threshold responses in bone breaking strength and related biomechanics as well as trabecular structural properties. There was no evidence of a relative P deficiency or of improved or impaired bone strength and structure as Ca intakes increased beyond those needed to maximize bone density. C1 [Hunt, Janet R.; Hunt, Curtiss D.; Zito, Carol Ann; Idso, Joseph P.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Johnson, LuAnn K.] Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Hunt, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM jhunt@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 138 IS 8 BP 1462 EP 1468 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 332UG UT WOS:000258108000011 PM 18641192 ER PT J AU Arab, L Blumberg, JB AF Arab, Lenore Blumberg, Jeffrey B. TI Introduction to the proceedings of the Fourth International Scientific Symposium on Tea and Human Health SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL CAFFEINE CONSUMPTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; GREEN TEA C1 [Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Arab, Lenore] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Blumberg, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jeffrey.blumberg@tufts.edu NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 138 IS 8 BP 1526 EP 1528 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 332UG UT WOS:000258108000023 ER PT J AU Store, KS Baer, DJ AF Store, Kim S. Baer, David J. TI Tea consumption may improve biomarkers of insulin sensitivity and risk factors for diabetes SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Scientific Symposium on Tea and Human Health CY SEP 18, 2007 CL USDept Agr, Washington, DC SP Tea Council USA, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Nutrit, Amer Med Womens Assoc, Amer Soc Nutrit, Oregon State Univ, Linus Pauling Inst HO USDept Agr ID GREEN TEA; BLACK TEA; EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE; GLUCOSE-TRANSPORTER; COFFEE CONSUMPTION; MEDITERRANEAN DIET; CAFFEINE; RESISTANCE; HEALTH; POLYPHENOLS AB Diabetes mellitus and its sequelae are a major and growing public health problem. The prevalence of diabetes worldwide is 194 million persons, or 5.1 % of the population, and is projected to increase to 333 million, or 6.3% of the population, by 2025. Type 2 diabetes accounts for similar to 90-95% of those with diabetes in the United States and other developed countries. Tea is the most widely consumed beverage in the world, second only to water. Tea contains polyphenols and other components that may reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Some evidence also shows that tea may affect glucose metabolism and insulin signaling, which, as a result, has spurred interest in the health effects of tea consumption on diabetes. Epidemiologic studies suggest some relation between tea consumption and a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, although the mechanisms for these observations are uncertain. Findings from in vitro and animal models suggest that tea and its components may influence glucose metabolism and diabetes through several mechanisms, such as enhancing insulin sensitivity. Some human clinical studies evaluating tea and its components show improvement in glucoregulatory control and endothelial function. However, further controlled clinical trials are required to gain a better understanding of the long-term effects of tea consumption in persons with diabetes. C1 [Store, Kim S.; Baer, David J.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Components & Hlth Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Baer, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Components & Hlth Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM david.baer@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 138 IS 8 BP 1584 EP 1588 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 332UG UT WOS:000258108000033 ER PT J AU Reid, KF Naumova, EN Carabello, RJ Phillips, EM Fielding, RA AF Reid, K. F. Naumova, E. N. Carabello, R. J. Phillips, E. M. Fielding, R. A. TI Lower extremity muscle mass predicts functional performance in mobility-limited elders SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING LA English DT Article DE aging; sarcopenia; mobility; muscle mass; strength ID NONDISABLED OLDER PERSONS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; SUBSEQUENT DISABILITY; BODY-COMPOSITION; LEG STRENGTH; AGED 70; WOMEN; FAT; HEALTH AB Objectives: This Study examined the influence of lower extremity body composition and muscle strength on the severity of mobility-disability in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Fifty-seven older males and females (age 74.2 +/- 7 yrs; BMI 28.9 +/- 6 kg/m(2) underwent an objective assessment of lower extremity functional performance, the Short Physical Performance Battery test (SPPB). Participants were subsequently classified as having moderate (SPPB score > 7: n = 38) or severe mobility impairments (SPPB score :5 7: n = 19). Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and provided measures of bone mineral density (BMD), total lea lean mass (TLM) and total body fat. Maximal hip extensor muscle strength was estimated using the bilateral leg press exercise. Multiple logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify the significant independent variables that predicted the level of mobility-disability. Results: TLM was a strong independent predictor of the level of functional impairment, after accounting for chronic medical conditions, BMD, body fat, body weight and habitual physical activity. In a separate predictive model, reduced muscle strength was also a significant predictor of severe functional impairment. The severity of mobility-disability was not influenced by gender (p = 0.71). A strong association was elicited between TLM and muscle strength (r = 0.78, p < 0.01). Conclusions: These data suggest that lower extremity muscle mass is an important determinant of physical performance among functionally-limited elders. Such finding, may have important implications for the design of suitable strategies to maintain independence in older adults with compromised physical functioning. Additional studies are warranted to assess the efficacy of lifestyle, exercise or therapeutic interventions for increasing lean body mass in this Population. C1 [Reid, K. F.; Carabello, R. J.; Phillips, E. M.; Fielding, R. A.] Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Reid, K. F.; Naumova, E. N.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Phillips, E. M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Boston, MA USA. [Fielding, R. A.] Boston Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Reid, KF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM roger.fielding@tufts.edu RI Naumova, Elena/C-5954-2011; OI Naumova, Elena/0000-0002-9562-4734 FU National Institute on Aging [AG 18844]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707] FX This work was supported by the National Institute on Aging grant number AG 18844 and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the Boston University Medical Center General Clinical Research Center (MO1 RR00533). Subjects were recruited from a Volunteer Registry supported by the Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research. NR 36 TC 76 Z9 82 U1 4 U2 9 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 1279-7707 J9 J NUTR HEALTH AGING JI J. Nutr. Health Aging PD AUG-SEP PY 2008 VL 12 IS 7 BP 493 EP 498 DI 10.1007/BF02982711 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 338VU UT WOS:000258538300010 PM 18615232 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Fair, PA Sundar, N Velmurugan, G Kwok, OCH Mcfee, WE Majumdar, D Su, C AF Dubey, J. P. Fair, P. A. Sundar, N. Velmurugan, G. Kwok, O. C. H. McFee, W. E. Majumdar, D. Su, C. TI Isolation of Toxoplasma gondii from bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OTTERS ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; SEA OTTERS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; NEREIS; MORTALITY; INFECTION; CHICKENS AB Toxoplasma gondii infection in marine mammals is intriguing and indicative of contamination of the ocean environment and coastal waters with oocysts. In previous serological surveys, > 90% of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the coasts of Florida, South Carolina, and California had antibodies to T. gondii by the modified agglutination test (MAT). In the present study, attempts were made to isolate T. gondii from dead T. truncatus. During 2005, 2006, and 2007, serum or blood clot, and tissues (brain, heart, skeletal muscle) of 52 T. truncatus stranded on the coasts of South Carolina were tested for T. gondii. Antibodies to T. gondii (MAT 1:25 or higher) were found in 26 (53%) of 49 dolphins; serum was not available from 3 animals. Tissues (heart, muscle, and sometimes brain) of 32 dolphins (26 seropositive, 3 seronegative, and 3 without accompanying sera) were bioassayed for T gondii in mice, or cats, or both. Tissues of the recipient mice were examined for T. gondii stages. Feces of recipient cats were examined for shedding of T gondii oocysts, but none excreted oocysts. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from hearts of the 3 dolphins (2 with MAT titers of 1:200, and I without accompanied serum) by bioassay in mice. Genotyping of these 3 T gondii isolates (designated TgDoUs 1-3) with the use of 10 PCR-RFLP markers (SAG 1, SAG2. SAG3. BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico) revealed 2 genotypes. Two of the 3 isolates have Type II alleles at all loci and belong to the clonal Type 11 lineage. One isolate has a unique genotype. This is the first report of isolation of viable T gondii from T truncatus. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Fair, P. A.; Sundar, N.; Velmurugan, G.; Kwok, O. C. H.; McFee, W. E.; Majumdar, D.; Su, C.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 27 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 94 IS 4 BP 821 EP 823 DI 10.1645/GE-1444.1 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 344OY UT WOS:000258938400009 PM 18576793 ER PT J AU Hoberg, EP Abrams, A AF Hoberg, Eric P. Abrams, Arthur TI Hamulonema gen. nov for Teladorsagia hamata and Ostertagia kenyensis in the ostertagiine fauna (Nematoda : Trichostrongyloidea) from African ungulates SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CUTICULAR RIDGE-PATTERNS; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERS; EMENDED DESCRIPTION; LOPEZ-NEYRA; RUMINANTS; SYNLOPHE; MAZAMASTRONGYLUS; GENERA; SPICULOPTERAGIA AB Hamulonema gen. nov. is proposed for Teladorsagia hamata and Ostertagia kenyensis in the ostertagiine nematode fauna found in artiodactyl hosts from Africa. Monomorphic species representing this genus are characterized by a bilaterally symmetrical and parallel synlophe in males and females, a 2-2-1 bursal formula, an accessory brusal membrane that is strongly cuticularized and reduced, a strongly reduced dorsal lobe and ray, and robust spicules with a simple, weakly pointed, ventral process, and curved, hooklike dorsal process. Species referred to Hamulonema nov. gen. are immediately distinguished from those of Camelostrongylus, Longistrongylus, Marshallagia, Orloffia, Ostertagia, and Pseudomarshallagia in which the bursal formula is 2-1-2 in males. Hamulonema nov. gen. is distinguished from those genera having a 2-2-1 bursa, including African-astrongylus, Cervicaprastrongylus, Hyostrongylus, Mazamastrongylus, Sarwaria, Spiculopteragia, and Teladorsagia by the structure of the synlophe, brusa, genital cone, "0" and "7" papillae, dorsal lobe, and spicules in specific instances. In the global fauna, 4 of 14 ostertagiine genera are endemic to Africa. African genera may represent morphologically divergent and discrete or historically isolated lineages reflecting it pattern of geographic and host colonization as a driver for diversification since the Miocene. C1 [Hoberg, Eric P.; Abrams, Arthur] USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect & Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hoberg, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect & Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E, Bldg 1180,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM eric.hoberg@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 94 IS 4 BP 866 EP 879 DI 10.1645/GE-1377.1 PG 14 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 344OY UT WOS:000258938400017 PM 18576746 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Crutchley, C AF Dubey, J. P. Crutchley, C. TI Toxoplasmosis in wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus and Macropus eugenii): Blindness, treatment with atovaquone, and isolation of Toxoplasma gondii SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MURINE TOXOPLASMOSIS; HYDROXYNAPHTHOQUINONE 566C80; KANGAROOS; OOCYSTS; CATS; COMBINATION; MARSUPIALS; EFFICACY; OUTBREAK; AIDS AB Australasian marsupials, especially wallabies, are highly susceptible to clinical toxoplasmosis. This paper describes the use of atovaquone for effective treatment of toxoplasmosis in 4 Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus), along with the serology, isolation of Toxoplasma gondii, and genotyping of 3 T. gondii isolates from 5 captive wallabies. This is the first report of success in treating acute toxoplasmosis in wallabies, the first report of serology followed over a significant period of time. and the first report of isolation and genetic typing of T. gondii from wallabies in the United States. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Crutchley, C.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 94 IS 4 BP 929 EP 933 DI 10.1645/GE-1448.1 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 344OY UT WOS:000258938400026 PM 18576797 ER PT J AU Pas, A Dubey, JP AF Pas, An Dubey, J. P. TI Toxoplasmosis in sand fox (Vulpes rueppelli) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED MURINE TOXOPLASMOSIS; UROCYON-CINEREOARGENTEUS; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; STAGE CONVERSION; GONDII OOCYSTS; TISSUE CYSTS; RED FOX; MICE; DISTEMPER; STRAINS AB Fatal toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in a sand fox (Vulpes rueppelli) from United Arab Emirates. Toxoplasma gondii-like tachyzoites were found associated with necrosis in the intestine, spleen, liver. pancreas. lungs, mesenteric lymph nodes. and heart. Tachyzoites reacted positively with T. gondii-specific polyclonal antibodies. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 8 captive V. rueppelli assayed by the modified direct agglutination test in titers of 1:800 or higher. C1 [Pas, An] Breeding Ctr Endangered Arabian Wildlife, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitenderdubey@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 94 IS 4 BP 976 EP 977 DI 10.1645/GE-1492.1 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 344OY UT WOS:000258938400038 PM 18576818 ER PT J AU Bucolo, P Sullivan, MJ Zimba, PV AF Bucolo, Philip Sullivan, Michael J. Zimba, Paul V. TI Effects of nutrient enrichment on primary production and biomass of sediment microalgae in a subtropical seagrass bed SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eutrophication; fucoxanthin; gross primary production; Halodule wrightii; seagrass; sediment microalgae ID BENTHIC MICROALGAE; EPIPHYTIC ALGAE; SALT-MARSH; PRODUCTION DYNAMICS; MISSISSIPPI SOUND; TROPICAL SEAGRASS; SAND MICROFLORA; COMMUNITY; NITROGEN; PHYTOPLANKTON AB Eutrophication of coastal waters often leads to excessive growth of microalgal epiphytes attached to seagrass leaves; however, the effect of increased nutrient levels on sediment microalgae has not been studied within seagrass communities. A slow-release NPK Osmocote fertilizer was added to sediments within and outside beds of the shoal grass Halodule wrightii, in Big Lagoon, Perdido Key, Florida. Gross primary production (GPP) and biomass (HPLC photopigments) of sediment microalgae within and adjacent to fertilized and control H. wrightii beds were measured following two 4-week enrichment periods during June and July 2004. There was no effect of position on sediment microalgal GPP or biomass in control and enriched plots. However, nutrient enrichment significantly increased GPP in both June and July. These results suggest that sediment microalgae could fill some of the void in primary production where seagrass beds disappear due to excessive nutrient enrichment. Sedimentary chl a (proxy of total microalgal biomass) significantly increased only during the June enrichment period, whereas fucoxanthin (proxy of total diatom biomass) was not increased by nutrient enrichment even though its concentration doubled in the enriched plots in June. C1 [Bucolo, Philip] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Zimba, Paul V.] ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, USDA, MSA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bucolo, P (reprint author), Univ Alabama, 1300 Univ Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM bucolo@uab.edu RI Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 NR 51 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 BP 874 EP 881 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00539.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 332QU UT WOS:000258099000004 PM 27041604 ER PT J AU Nicolaisen, M Horvath, DP AF Nicolaisen, M. Horvath, D. P. TI A branch-inducing phytoplasma in Euphorbia pulcherrima is associated with changes in expression of host genes SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytoplasma; Euphorbia pulcherrima; host genes; gene expression ID CYTOKININ; INFECTION; GROWTH; PLANTS; RNA; PERIWINKLE; EXPANSINS; TOMATO; LEAVES AB Phytoplasma infection causes a desirable branching phenotype in the ornamental plant Euphorbia pulcherrima by releasing apical dominance. Four E. pulcherrima genes specifically regulated during phytoplasma infection were identified using a combination of differential display of cDNA-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products and microarray analysis. According to BLAST searches the possible functions of identified genes included a histidine-containing phosphotransmitter, an alpha-expansin, a protein with similarity to the gibberellin-regulated GAST-1 and a protein with similarity to an Arabidopsis thaliana protein with unknown function. C1 [Nicolaisen, M.] Univ Aarhus, Fac Agr Sci, Dept Integrated Pest Management, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark. [Horvath, D. P.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Nicolaisen, M (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Fac Agr Sci, Dept Integrated Pest Management, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark. EM mogens.nicolaisen@agrsci.dk RI Nicolaisen, Mogens/B-6896-2008; Nicolaisen, Mogens/H-3574-2016; OI Nicolaisen, Mogens/0000-0002-0407-2488; Nicolaisen, Mogens/0000-0002-0407-2488; Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 156 IS 7-8 BP 403 EP 407 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2007.01372.x PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 327CM UT WOS:000257707200004 ER PT J AU Bannore, YC Chenault, KD Melouk, HA Rassi, Z AF Bannore, Yogita C. Chenault, Kelly D. Melouk, Hassan A. El Rassi, Ziad TI Capillary electrophoresis of some free fatty acids using partially aqueous electrolyte systems and indirect UV detection. Application to the analysis of oleic and linoleic acids in peanut breeding lines SO JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE capillary electrophoresis; fatty acids; linoleic acid; oleic acid; peanut breeding lines ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION; OILS; SELECTIVITY; DENSITY; ESTERS; WOMEN; MEN AB This study has shown for the first time the suitability of CE with a partially aqueous electrolyte system for the analysis of free fatty acids (FFAs) in small portions of single peanut seeds. The partially aqueous electrolyte system consisted of 40 mM Tris, 2.5 mM adenosme-5'-monophosphate (AMP) and 7 mM alpha-CD in (N-methylformamide) NMF/dioxane/water (5:3:2 by volume) mixture, pH 8-9. While AMP served as the background UV absorber for indirect UV detection of the FFAs, the alpha-CD functioned as the selectivity modulator by affecting the relative effective electrophoretic mobilities of the various FFAs due to their differential association with alpha-CD. This CE method allowed the screening of peanut seeds for their content of oleic and linoleic acids, which is essential in breeding of peanuts of high-oleic acid content. The extraction method of FFAs from peanut seeds is very reproducible with a high recovery approaching quantitative yield (similar to 97% recovery). C1 [Bannore, Yogita C.; El Rassi, Ziad] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Chenault, Kelly D.] USDA ARS, Wheat,Peanut & Other Field Crops Unit, Stillwater, OK USA. [Melouk, Hassan A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Rassi, Z (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM elrassi@okstate.edu FU Oklahoma Center [HR04-027] FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support in part from the Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Sciences and Technology it rider Agreement no. HR04-027. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9306 J9 J SEP SCI JI J. Sep. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 31 IS 14 BP 2667 EP 2676 DI 10.1002/jssc.200800196 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 340TN UT WOS:000258668000016 PM 18618470 ER PT J AU Camara, M Davis, JP Langdon, CJ Sekino, M Evans, S Li, G Hedgecock, D AF Camara, Mark Davis, Jonathan P. Langdon, Christopher J. Sekino, Masashi Evans, Sanford Li, Gang Hedgecock, Dennis TI Status of the Kumamoto Oyster in its native SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Camara, Mark] USDA ARS, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Davis, Jonathan P.] Taylor Resources Inc, Quilcene, WA 98376 USA. [Langdon, Christopher J.; Evans, Sanford] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Sekino, Masashi] Fisheries Res Agcy, Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Shiogama, Miyagi 9850001, Japan. [Li, Gang; Hedgecock, Dennis] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Hedgecock, Dennis/I-8655-2012 OI Hedgecock, Dennis/0000-0002-3995-646X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 993 EP 993 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000065 ER PT J AU Dumbauld, BR Ruesinkz, J AF Dumbauld, Brett R. Ruesinkz, Jennifer TI Oyster culture in Willapa Bay Washington: A case study and framework for examining resilience of coastal estuaries to disturbance SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dumbauld, Brett R.] ARS, USDA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Ruesinkz, Jennifer] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1004 EP 1004 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000105 ER PT J AU Matson, SE Camara, MD Eichert, W Banks, M AF Matson, Sean E. Camara, Mark D. Eichert, Will Banks, Michael TI Oyster breeding mixed up: A new spin on old science SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Matson, Sean E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Camara, Mark D.] USDA ARS, Shellfish Genet Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Banks, Michael] Oregon State Univ, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1030 EP 1030 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000201 ER PT J AU Richards, GP Crane, EJ Bushek, D AF Richards, Gary P. Crane, Edward J., III Bushek, David TI Hemolytic strains of Shewanella, Photobacterium and Listonella in Delaware Bay ousters and seawater SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Richards, Gary P.] Delaware Slate Univ, ARS, USDA, James WW Baker Ctr, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Crane, Edward J., III] Pomona Coll, Dept Chem, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Bushek, David] Rutgers State Univ, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, Port Norris, NJ 08349 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1047 EP 1048 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000266 ER PT J AU Scott, GP Furiness, SJ Camara, MD Carnegie, RB Reece, KS AF Scott, Gail P. Furiness, Sharon J. Camara, Mark D. Carnegie, Ryan B. Reece, Kimberly S. TI Polymorphic genetic markers for the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Scott, Gail P.; Furiness, Sharon J.; Carnegie, Ryan B.; Reece, Kimberly S.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Camara, Mark D.] ARS, USDA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RI Furiness, Sharon/C-7112-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1051 EP 1051 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000280 ER PT J AU Thompson, P Rosenthal, B Hare, MP AF Thompson, Peter Rosenthal, Benjamin Hare, Matthew P. TI Microsatellite analysis of Perkinsus marinus genotypes from florida and new jersey indicates limited parasite migration between populations SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thompson, Peter] Univ Maryland, BEES Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rosenthal, Benjamin] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hare, Matthew P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1057 EP 1057 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000302 ER PT J AU Krupa, S Booker, F Bowersox, V Lehmann, CT Grantz, D AF Krupa, Sagar Booker, Fitzerald Bowersox, Van Lehmann, Chris Topher Grantz, David TI Uncertainties in the current knowledge of some atmospheric trace gases associated with US agriculture: A review SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID CALIFORNIA CENTRAL VALLEY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CURRENT-USE PESTICIDES; NEVADA MOUNTAIN-RANGE; OXYGENATED HYDROCARBONS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; EMISSION; VOLATILIZATION; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT AB Approximately 80 different crop species are grown in the United States in widely differing geographic areas, climatic and edaphic conditions, and management practices. Although the majority of cultivated acreage in the United States is planted with only about 10 primary crops, uncertainties associated with trace gas emissions arise from: (1) limited data availability, (2) inaccurate estimates because of large temporal and spatial variability in trace gas composition and magnitude of trace gas emissions from agricultural activities, (3) differing characteristics of pollutant emissions from highly dispersed animal feed-lots, and (4) limited understanding of the emissions of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) associated with agriculture. Although emission issues are of concern, so also is atmospheric deposition to cropping systems, including wet and dry nitrogen, minerals, and organic compounds. These can have feedback effects on trace gas emissions. Overall, the many gaps in our understanding of these aspects of agricultural systems deserve serious attention. C1 [Krupa, Sagar] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Booker, Fitzerald] N Carolina State Univ, Air Qual Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bowersox, Van; Lehmann, Chris Topher] Illinois State Water Survey, Natl Atmospher Deposit Program, Natl Trends Network Programs, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Grantz, David] Univ Calif Riverside, Kearney Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. RP Krupa, S (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM krupa001@umn.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2002-39138-11964] FX NADP is a State Agricultural Experiment Station project, entitled National Research Support Project-3: a Long-Ferm Monitoring Program in Support of Research on the Effects of Atmospheric Chemical Deposition. Support is received through the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (cooperative agreement 2002-39138-11964). Any findings or conclusions stated in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of Agriculture or other sponsors. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 58 IS 8 BP 986 EP 993 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.8.986 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 342RB UT WOS:000258800100001 PM 18720648 ER PT J AU Wansink, B AF Wansink, Brian TI Project MOM: Mothers & others & MyPyramid - Commentary SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID NUTRITIONAL GATEKEEPERS C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. RP Wansink, B (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, 3101 Pk Off Ctr,10th Floor, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. EM Brian.Wansink@cnpp.usda.gou RI Wansink, Brian/G-4284-2010 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 108 IS 8 BP 1302 EP 1304 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2008.06.444 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 335KZ UT WOS:000258290800008 PM 18656569 ER PT J AU Moreau, RA Scott, KM Haas, MJ AF Moreau, Robert A. Scott, Karen M. Haas, Michael J. TI The identification and quantification of steryl glucosides in precipitates from commercial biodiesel SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE phytosterols; biodiesel; HPLC; mass spectrometry; sterol glucoside; steryl glucosides AB There have been several discoveries of unexpected precipitates in manufacturing facilities, transport vessels, and storage tanks containing commercial biodiesel. In some cases these have been formed during storage at temperatures above the cloud point of the fuel. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) methods were applied to 24 field receipt samples of solids from such biodiesels. The analyses revealed the presence of steryl glucosides (SG), common phytosterols (plant sterol) found in crude soybean oil and many other plant materials, in these biodiesel precipitates. Quantitative analysis of the solids revealed SG concentrations as high as 68 wt% of the provided material (which had not been previously washed with solvent to remove entrained biodiesel). In some samples no SG were present. In others they constituted all of the non-biodiesel material present. Monacylglycerols and diacylglycerols, the products of incomplete transesterification of triacylglycerols, were also present in some samples. The normal phase and reverse phase methods described in this report could be used to analyze SG quantitatively from biodiesel precipitates with an HPLC instrument equipped with either an evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD) or a more common UV detector operating at 205 nm. C1 [Moreau, Robert A.] USDA ARS, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Scott, Karen M.; Haas, Michael J.] USDA ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Moreau, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM robert.moreau@ars.usda.gov RI Ye, Peng/E-2742-2010; OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 11 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 85 IS 8 BP 761 EP 770 DI 10.1007/s11746-008-1264-4 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 325IR UT WOS:000257583100010 ER PT J AU Dent, L Vick, D Abraham, K Schoenholtz, S Johnson, S AF Dent, Liz Vick, Danielle Abraham, Kyle Schoenholtz, Stephen Johnson, Sherri TI Summer temperature patterns in headwater streams of the Oregon Coast Range SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE stream temperature; water quality; shade; cover; riparian forest; rivers/streams; headwater streams ID FORESTS; WASHINGTON; DYNAMICS; RIVERS AB Cool summertime stream temperature is an important component of high quality aquatic habitat in Oregon coastal streams. Within the Oregon Coast Range, small headwater streams make up a majority of the stream network; yet, little information is available on temperature patterns and the longitudinal variability for these streams. In this paper we describe preharvest spatial and temporal patterns in summer stream temperature for small streams of the Oregon Coast Range in forests managed for timber production. We also explore relationships between stream and riparian attributes and observed stream temperature conditions and patterns. Summer stream temperature, channel, and riparian data were collected on 36 headwater streams in 2002, 2003, and 2004. Mean stream temperatures were consistent among summers and generally warmed in a downstream direction. However, longitudinal trends in maximum temperatures were more variable. At the reach scale of 0.5-1.7 km, maximum temperatures increased in 17 streams, decreased in seven streams and did not change in three reaches. At the subreach scale (0.1-1.5 km), maximum temperatures increased in 28 subreaches, decreased in 14, and did not change in 12 subreaches. Models of increasing temperature in a downstream direction may oversimplify finescale patterns in small streams. Stream and riparian attributes that correlated with observed temperature patterns included cover, channel substrate, channel gradient, instream wood jam volume, riparian stand density, and geology type. Longitudinal patterns of stream temperature are an important consideration for background characterization of water quality. Studies attempting to evaluate stream temperature response to timber harvest or other modifications should quantify variability in longitudinal patterns of stream temperature prior to logging. C1 [Dent, Liz; Abraham, Kyle] Oregon Dept Forestry, Salem, OR 97310 USA. [Vick, Danielle] New Mexico Interstate Stream Commiss, Santa Fe, NM USA. [Schoenholtz, Stephen] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Johnson, Sherri] USFS PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dent, L (reprint author), Oregon Dept Forestry, 2600 State St, Salem, OR 97310 USA. EM ldent@odf.state.or.us FU Oregon Department of Forestry FX We are grateful to the Oregon Department of Forestry for funding this research. We would like to thank both the Oregon Department of Forestry and private forest landowners for allowing access to streams, project coordination, and other resources. A special thanks to Jerry Clinton, Jeff Peck, Jennifer Weikel, Jim Cathcart, Rosemary Mannix, and Jeff Brandt of the Oregon Department of Forestry for their support and critical review of this study. Finally, we are grateful for the comments from three anonymous reviewers with significantly improved the quality of this paper. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 BP 803 EP 813 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00204.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 338VA UT WOS:000258536300001 ER PT J AU Santhi, C Kannan, N Arnold, JG Di Luzio, M AF Santhi, C. Kannan, N. Arnold, J. G. Di Luzio, M. TI Spatial calibration and temporal validation of flow for regional scale hydrologic modeling SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE spatially distributed calibration; validation; hydrologic modeling; regional scale; HUMUS; SWAT; CEAP ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; SWAT; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE AB Physically based regional scale hydrologic modeling is gaining importance for planning and management of water resources. Calibration and validation of such regional scale model is necessary before applying it for scenario assessment. However, in most regional scale hydrologic modeling, flow validation is performed at the river basin outlet without accounting for spatial variations in hydrological parameters within the subunits. In this study, we calibrated the model to capture the spatial variations in runoff at subwatershed level to assure local water balance, and validated the streamflow at key gaging stations along the river to assure temporal variability. Ohio and Arkansas-White-Red River Basins of the United States were modeled using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for the period from 1961 to 1990. R-2 values of average annual runoff at subwatersheds were 0.78 and 0.99 for the Ohio and Arkansas Basins. Observed and simulated annual and monthly streamflow from 1961 to 1990 is used for temporal validation at the gages. R-2 values estimated were greater than 0.6. In summary, spatially distributed calibration at subwatersheds and temporal validation at the stream gages accounted for the spatial and temporal hydrological patterns reasonably well in the two river basins. This study highlights the importance of spatially distributed calibration and validation in large river basins. C1 [Santhi, C.; Kannan, N.; Di Luzio, M.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Arnold, J. G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Santhi, C (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, 720 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM esanthi@brc.tamus.edu FU USDA-NRCS Resource Inventory Assessment Division; Agricultural Policy/Environmental extender (APEX) FX The USDA-NRCS Resource Inventory Assessment Division provided funding for this work as part of the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP). Thanks to the editor and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. The Agricultural Policy/Environmental extender (APEX) modeling team's contribution is acknowledged. NR 33 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 BP 829 EP 846 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00207.x PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 338VA UT WOS:000258536300003 ER PT J AU Qi, HH Altinakar, MS Vieira, DAN Alidaee, B AF Qi, Honghai Altinakar, Mustafa S. Vieira, Dalmo A. N. Alidaee, Bahram TI Application of Tabu search algorithm with a coupled AnnAGNPS-CCHE1D model to optimize agricultural land use SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE land-use planning; watershed management; simulation; optimization; economic benefits; AnnAGNPS; Tabu search; nonpoint source pollution; Goodwin creek ID WATERSHED SCALE; MANAGEMENT; PLACEMENT; QUALITY; DESIGN AB A principal contributor to soil erosion and nonpoint source pollution, agricultural activities have a major influence on the environmental quality of a watershed. Impact of agricultural activities on the quality of water resources can be minimized by implementing suitable agriculture land-use types. Currently, land uses are designed (location, type, and operational schedule) based on field study results, and do not involve a science-based approach to ensure their efficiency under particular regional, climatic, geological, and economical conditions. At present, there is a real need for new methodologies that can optimize the selection, design, and operation of agricultural land uses at the watershed scale by taking into account environmental, technical, and economical considerations, based on realistic simulations of watershed response. In this respect, the present study proposes a new approach, which integrates computational modeling of watershed processes, fluvial processes in the drainage network, and modern heuristic optimization techniques to design cost effective land-use plans. The watershed model AnnAGNPS and the channel network model CCHE1D are linked together to simulate the sediment and pollutant transport processes. Based on the computational results, a multi-objective function is set up to minimize soil losses, nutrient yields, and total associated costs, while the production profits from agriculture are maximized. The selected iterative optimization algorithm uses adaptive Tabu Search heuristic to flip (switching from one alternative to another) land-change variables. USDA's Goodwin Creek experimental watershed, located in Northern Mississippi, is used to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach. The results show that the optimized land-use design with BMPs using an integrated approach at the watershed level can provide efficient and cost-effective conservation of the environmental quality by taking into account both productivity and profitability. C1 [Qi, Honghai] NMP Engn Consultants Inc, ICC Project Management Off, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Altinakar, Mustafa S.] Univ Mississippi, NCCHE, University, MS 38677 USA. [Vieira, Dalmo A. N.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Watershed Phys Proc Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Alidaee, Bahram] Univ Mississippi, Sch Business Adm, Dept Management Informat Syst & Prod Operat Manag, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Qi, HH (reprint author), NMP Engn Consultants Inc, ICC Project Management Off, 11710 Beltsville Dr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM HQi@nmpengineering.com FU USDA Agriculture Research Service [58-6408-2-0062]; The University of Mississippi FX This work is a result of research sponsored by the USDA Agriculture Research Service under Specific Research Agreement No. 58-6408-2-0062 (monitored by the USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory) and The University of Mississippi. The authors wish to acknowledge the help of Dr. Ronald Binger and Dr. Yongping Yuan for their help with AnnAGNPS model and data of Goodwin Creek Watershed in Mississippi. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 BP 866 EP 878 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00209.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 338VA UT WOS:000258536300005 ER PT J AU Johnson, AC Edwards, RT AF Johnson, A. C. Edwards, R. T. TI Reply to discussion - "Ground-Water response to forest harvest: Implications for hillslope stability" by A.C. Johnson, R.T. Edwards, and R. Erhardt SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Johnson, A. C.; Edwards, R. T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Johnson, AC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ajohnson03@fs.fed.us NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1062 EP 1065 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00214.x PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 338VA UT WOS:000258536300020 ER PT J AU Vercauteren, KC Lavelle, MJ Phillips, GE AF Vercauteren, Kurt C. Lavelle, Michael J. Phillips, Gregory E. TI Livestock protection dogs for deterring deer from cattle and feed SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bovine tuberculosis; disease; exclusion; livestock protection dog; Odocoileus virginianus; white-tailed deer; wildlife damage management ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; GUARDING DOGS; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; DOMESTIC SHEEP; REDUCING PREDATION; TRANSMISSION; MICHIGAN; TUBERCULOSIS; COLORADO; NORWAY AB Disease transmission between wildlife and livestock is a worldwide issue. Society needs better methods to prevent interspecies transmission to reduce disease risks. Producers have successfully used livestock protection dogs (LPDs) for thousands of years to reduce predation. We theorized that LPDs raised and bonded with cattle could be used to also reduce risk of bovine tuberculosis (Myobacterium bovis; TB) transmission between white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and cattle by minimizing contact between the 2 species and use of cattle feed by deer. We evaluated 4 LPDs over 5 months, utilizing 2 data collection methods (direct observation and motion-activated video) on deer farms that supported higher densities than wild populations. Dogs were highly effective in preventing deer from using concentrated cattle feed (hay bales), likely the greatest risk factor of TB transmission on farms. Dogs also prevented deer from approaching cattle in core areas of pastures (near hay bales) and were very effective throughout pastures. Our research supports the theory that LPDs, specifically trained to remain with cattle, may be a practical tool to minimize potential for livestock to contract TB from infected deer in small-scale cattle operations. Where disease is present in deer, it may be possible to reduce the potential for disease transmission by employing LPDs. C1 [Vercauteren, Kurt C.; Lavelle, Michael J.; Phillips, Gregory E.] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Vercauteren, KC (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kurt.c.vercauteren@aphis.usda.gov NR 34 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1443 EP 1448 DI 10.2193/2007-372 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 336GW UT WOS:000258353300024 ER PT J AU Avery, ML Yoder, CA Tillman, EA AF Avery, Michael L. Yoder, Christi A. Tillman, Eric A. TI Diazacon inhibits reproduction in invasive monk parakeet populations SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE contraception; diazacon; invasive; monk parakeet; Myiopsitta monachus; normative species; population management; reproductive inhibition AB Throughout the United States, managers lack safe, effective methods to control expanding populations of the invasive monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus). Because the reproductive inhibitor diazacon (20,25 diazacholesterol) has been used effectively in captive monk parakeets, we provided diazacon-treated sunflower seeds to birds at electric utility substations inhabited by parakeets in south Florida, USA. Nest productivity (nestlings plus eggs with embryos) averaged 1.31 (SE = 0.45, n = 100 nests) at 6 treated sites compared to 4.15 (SE = 0.68, n = 50 nests) at 4 untreated sites, a 68.4% reduction. Exposure of native bird species to treated bait was infrequent. Diazacon is an effective means to reduce reproductive success of monk parakeets, and development of methods to limit exposure of nontarget birds win enable more widespread use of this useful population management technique. C1 [Avery, Michael L.; Tillman, Eric A.] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. [Yoder, Christi A.] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Avery, ML (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Wildlife Serv, 2820 E Univ Ave, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. EM michael.l.avery@aphis.usda.gov NR 13 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 16 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1449 EP 1452 DI 10.2193/2007-391 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 336GW UT WOS:000258353300025 ER PT J AU Harp, EL Reid, ME Godt, JW DeGraff, JV Gallegos, AJ AF Harp, Edwin L. Reid, Mark E. Godt, Jonathan W. DeGraff, Jerome V. Gallegos, Alan J. TI Ferguson rock slide buries California State Highway near Yosemite National Park SO LANDSLIDES LA English DT Article DE rock slide; Yosemite National Park; monitoring; GPS data; hazard ID HAPPY ISLES AB During spring 2006, talus from the toe area of a rockblock slide of about 800,000 m(3) buried California State Highway 140, one of the main routes into heavily-visited Yosemite National Park, USA. Closure of the highway for 92 days caused business losses of about 4.8 million USD. The rock slide, composed of slate and phyllite, moved slowly downslope from April to June 2006, creating a fresh head scarp with 9-12 m of displacement. Movement of the main rock slide, a re-activation of an older slide, was triggered by an exceptionally wet spring 2006, following a very wet spring 2005. As of autumn 2006, most of the main slide appeared to be at rest, although rocks occasionally continued to fall from steep, fractured rock masses at the toe area of the slide. Future behavior of the slide is difficult to predict, but possible scenarios range from continued scattered rock fall to complete rapid failure of the entire mass. Although unlikely except under very destabilizing circumstances, a worst-case, rapid failure of the entire rock slide could extend across the Merced River, damming the river and creating a reservoir. As a temporary measure, traffic has been rerouted to the opposite side of the Merced River at about the same elevation as the buried section of Highway 140. A state-of-the-art monitoring system has been installed to detect movement in the steep talus slope, movement of the main slide mass, local strong ground motion from regional earthquakes, and sudden changes in stream levels, possibly indicating damming of the river by slide material. C1 [Harp, Edwin L.; Godt, Jonathan W.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Reid, Mark E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [DeGraff, Jerome V.; Gallegos, Alan J.] US Forest Serv, Vallejo, CA USA. RP Harp, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM harp@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1612-510X J9 LANDSLIDES JI Landslides PD AUG PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 331 EP 337 DI 10.1007/s10346-008-0120-9 PG 7 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 343RW UT WOS:000258873000009 ER PT J AU Derner, JD Hart, RH Smith, MA Waggoner, JW AF Derner, Justin D. Hart, Richard H. Smith, Michael A. Waggoner, James W., Jr. TI Long-term cattle gain responses to stocking rate and grazing systems in northern mixed-grass prairie SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE average daily gain; continuous grazing; grazing pressure; rotational grazing; short-duration grazing; spring precipitation ID ECONOMIC RESPONSES; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION AB The effects of stocking rate and grazing system on gains of yearling beef cattle grazing rangelands have largely been addressed in short-term (<10 years) studies, and often stocking rates are confounded within grazing systems with higher stocking rates for short-duration rotational grazing systems compared to season-long grazing. A grazing system (season-long and short-duration rotational grazing) x stocking rate (light: 16 steers/80 ha, 18.0 animal unit days/ha; moderate: 4 steers/12 ha, 30.1 animal unit days/ ha, and heavy: 4 steers/9 ha, 40.1 animal unit days/ha) study was initiated in 1982 on northern mixed-grass prairie. Here, we report on the final 16 years (1991-2006) for yearling beef cattle gains, Average daily gains (kg/head/day) across all years with season-long grazing decreased with increasing stocking rate and grazing pressure. Heavy stocking rates reduced average daily gain by 16% and 12% compared to light and moderate stocking rates, respectively. In contrast to average daily gain, beef production (kg/ha) increased with increasing stocking rate and grazing pressure. Cattle gains were reduced by 6% with short-duration rotation compared to season-long grazing over the study period, with differences between systems observed in years with average, but not dry or wet, spring (April+May+June) precipitation. Grazing season gains (kg/head) and beef production both exhibited significant increasing hyperbolic relationships with spring precipitation, with the percentage of variation explained by spring precipitation substantially higher (62-83%) for beef production compared to grazing season gains (32-45%). The influence of spring precipitation on cattle gains suggests that incorporation of these relationships into modeling efforts for strategic planning and risk assessment will assist land managers in better matching forage and animal resources for greater sustainability in this highly variable environment. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Derner, Justin D.; Hart, Richard H.] USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. [Smith, Michael A.; Waggoner, James W., Jr.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Derner, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM Justin.Derner@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-1413 J9 LIVEST SCI JI Livest. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 117 IS 1 BP 60 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2007.11.011 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 342WW UT WOS:000258815300008 ER PT J AU Scupham, AJ Patton, TG Bent, E Bayles, DO AF Scupham, Alexandra J. Patton, Toni G. Bent, Elizabeth Bayles, Darrell O. TI Comparison of the cecal microbiota of domestic and wild turkeys SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; HUMAN FECAL FLORA; FUSOBACTERIUM-PRAUSNITZII; INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; GEN. NOV.; POPULATIONS; MICROFLORA; HYBRIDIZATION AB The extent to which production methods alter intestinal microbial communities of livestock is currently unknown. As the intestinal microbiota may affect animal health, nutrition, and food safety, a baseline comparison of the cecal communities of domestic and wild turkeys was performed. Oligonucleotide fingerprinting of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes (OFRG) of 2,990 16S rRNA clones and dot blot quantification of dominant populations were used to identify the dominant bacterial taxa. Seventy-three percent of all the clones belonged to as yet uncultured genera. However, at a higher phylogenetic level, the OFRG library was composed of 54% Bacteroidetes clones (52% of the domestic library clones, 56% of the wild library clones), 30% Firmicutes clones (33% of the domestic library clones, 32% of the wild library clones), 3% Proteobacteria clones (5% domestic, 2% wild), and 3% Deferribacteres clones (4% domestic, 1% wild). Seven percent of the clones were unidentifiable (6% domestic, 9% wild). Bacteroidetes clones included the genera Alistipes, Prevotella, Megamonas, and Bacteroides. Of the Clostridiales clones, groups IV, IX, and XIV including genera Faecalibacterium, Megasphaera, Phascolarctobacterium, and Papillibacter were predominant. Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus bacilli were also identified. beta- delta- and gamma-proteobacterial genera included Acinetobacter, Sutterella, and Escherichia. Deferribacteres clones showed high similarity to Mucispirillum schaedleri. Statistical comparison of the domestic and wild turkey clone libraries indicated similar levels of community richness and evenness despite the fact that the two libraries shared only 30% of the total clone operational taxonomic units. Together these results indicate that although high level taxonomic community structure is similar, high-density turkey production causes considerable divergence of the genera found in the ceca of commercial birds from those of their wild counterparts. C1 [Scupham, Alexandra J.; Patton, Toni G.] USDA ARS, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Bent, Elizabeth] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Bayles, Darrell O.] USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Scupham, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM alexandra.scupham@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 322 EP 331 DI 10.1007/s00248-007-9349-4 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 320JB UT WOS:000257228400012 PM 18183454 ER PT J AU Yu, GH Ma, HX Bai, GH Tang, KX AF Yu, G. H. Ma, H. X. Bai, G. H. Tang, K. X. TI Single-strand conformational polymorphism markers associated with a major QTL for fusarium head blight resistance in wheat SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; Fusarium Head Blight; QTL tagging; SSCP ID SCAB RESISTANCE; SSCP ANALYSIS; SPRING WHEAT; DNA; BARLEY; MAP; ELECTROPHORESIS; MUTATIONS; SPREAD; GENES AB A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) was identified on chromosome 3BS between simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers Xgwm389 and Xgwm493 in wheat "Ning 7840", a derivative from "Sumai 3". However, the marker density of SSR in the QTL region was much lower than that required for marker-assisted selection (MAS) and map-based cloning. The objective of this study was to exploit new markers to increase marker density in this QTL region by using single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) markers developed from wheat-expressed sequence tags (ESTs) on 3BS bin 8-0.78-1.0. Sixty-nine out of 85 SSCP primer pairs amplified PCR (polymerase chain reaction) products from the genomic DNA of "Chinese Spring". Thirty-four primer pairs amplified PCR products that could form clear ssDNA (single strand DNA) bands through denaturation treatment. Ten SSCP markers had polymorphisms between Ning 7840 and "Clark". Five of the ten polymorphic SSCP markers were located on chromosome 3B by nullitetrasomic analysis. Three SSCP markers (Xsscp6, Xsscp20, and Xsscp21) were mapped into the region between Xgwm493 and Xgwm533 and possessed a higher coefficient of determination (R(2)) than Xgwm493 and Xgwm533. The SSCP markers, Xsscp6, Xsscp20, and Xsscp21, can be used for map-based cloning of the QTL and for marker-assisted selection in FHB resistance breeding. C1 [Yu, G. H.; Tang, K. X.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Plant Biotechnol Res Ctr, Fudan SJTU Nottingham Plant Biotechnol R& D Ctr, Sch Agr & Biol, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Ma, H. X.] Jiangsu Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Biotechnol, Nanjing 210014, Peoples R China. [Bai, G. H.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Yu, GH (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Plant Biotechnol Res Ctr, Fudan SJTU Nottingham Plant Biotechnol R& D Ctr, Sch Agr & Biol, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. EM mahx@jaas.ac.cn; kxtang@sjtu.edu.cn RI Tang, Kexuan/E-3555-2013 FU National Natural Science Foundation [30671302]; 863 program [2006AA100102]; International cooperative project in China [2006DFA32850, 2004DFA01100] FX This study was partly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation (30671302), the 863 program (2006AA100102), and international cooperative project (nos. 2006DFA32850, 2004DFA01100) in China. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0026-8933 J9 MOL BIOL+ JI Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4 BP 504 EP 513 DI 10.1134/S0026893308040043 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 337AQ UT WOS:000258408300004 ER PT J AU Bae, J Halterman, D Jansky, S AF Bae, JinJoo Halterman, Dennis Jansky, Shelley TI Development of a molecular marker associated with Verticillium wilt resistance in diploid interspecific potato hybrids SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Verticillium wilt; interspecific potato hybrids; disease resistance; CAPS marker; dosage effect; Ve resistance gene ID LATE BLIGHT RESISTANCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; ASSISTED SELECTION; TETRAPLOID POTATO; VIRUS-Y; DAHLIAE; GENE; MANAGEMENT; IDENTIFICATION; COLONIZATION AB Verticillium wilt (VW) is a widespread and serious potato (Solanum tuberosum) disease caused by the soilborne fungi Verticillium dahliae and V. albo-atrum. Breeding for VW resistance in potato is challenging due to ambiguous symptom expression, a lack of high throughput screening techniques, and variability in colonization by the fungus among and within plants. Genetic studies have identified major genes that confer resistance in diploid Solanum chacoense (V(c) ) and interspecific hybrids (V(w) and V(t) ). However, to date, these genes have not been used to develop molecular markers for the identification of resistant clones. Tomato Ve1 and Ve2 gene sequence information was used to amplify candidate Ve gene orthologs from both resistant and susceptible diploid potato hybrids. A CAPS marker was generated to track VW resistance in a backcross population segregating for resistance. The marker was also tested for its usefulness in other breeding lines. Our results indicate that this marker is effective for selection of the V(w) gene in segregating breeding populations. C1 [Halterman, Dennis; Jansky, Shelley] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bae, JinJoo; Jansky, Shelley] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Halterman, Dennis] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Halterman, D (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dennis.halterman@ars.usda.gov RI Halterman, Dennis/A-7630-2009 NR 32 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s11032-008-9156-8 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 315XD UT WOS:000256912600006 ER PT J AU Robbins, MD Casler, MD Staub, JE AF Robbins, Matthew D. Casler, Michael D. Staub, Jack E. TI Pyramiding QTL for multiple lateral branching in cucumber using inbred backcross lines SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Cucumis sativus; pyramiding; multiple lateral branching; inbred backcross lines; quantitative trait loci ID BARLEY STRIPE RUST; ALLELES DETERMINING RESISTANCE; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; COMBINING ABILITY; YIELD COMPONENTS; SATIVUS L.; HORTICULTURAL TRAITS; PLANT-DENSITY; FRUIT YIELD; POPULATIONS AB Multiple lateral branching (MLB) is a quantitatively inherited trait associated with yield in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.; 2n = 2x = 14). Although quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been identified for MLB and QTL-marker associations have been verified by marker-assisted selection, the individual effects of these QTL have not been characterized. To test the effects of pyramiding QTL for MLB, molecular genotyping was utilized to create two sets (standard- and little-leaf types) of inbred backcross (IBC) lines possessing various numbers of QTL that promote branching. These IBC lines were evaluated for lateral branch number in two Wisconsin environments at three plant densities. Highly significant differences in the number of primary lateral branches were detected between spacings, leaf types, and lines, but not between locations. Lateral branch number decreased at higher plant densities in all genotypes, while genotype by environment and QTL by environment interactions were marginally non-significant. As the number of QTL increased among IBC lines, the number of branches did not generally change in the little-leaf lines, but decreased in the standard-leaf lines, demonstrating an epistatic effect related to genetic background during lateral branch development. The genomic location with the greatest effect on MLB was confirmed as the QTL that was previously mapped near the little-leaf locus (ll), while the addition of one specific QTL consistently decreased the number of lateral branches in standard-leaf lines. Although pyramiding QTL for MLB did not uniformly increase the number of lateral branches, pyramiding QTL in IBC lines allowed further characterization of individual QTL involved in MLB. Our results, coupled with those of previous studies indicate that lateral branch development in cucumber is determined by growing environment (i.e., plant spacing), genetic background, and QTL composition. C1 [Robbins, Matthew D.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Robbins, Matthew D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Casler, Michael D.] ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Staub, Jack E.] ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Robbins, MD (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM robbins.184@osu.edu; mdcasler@wisc.edu; jestaub@wisc.edu NR 26 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1007/s11032-008-9162-x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 315XD UT WOS:000256912600011 ER PT J AU Li, W Lei, CL Cheng, ZJ Jia, YL Huang, DY Wang, JL Wang, JK Zhang, X Su, N Guo, XP Zhai, HQ Wan, JM AF Li, Wei Lei, Cailin Cheng, Zhijun Jia, Yulin Huang, Dongyi Wang, Jiulin Wang, Jiankang Zhang, Xin Su, Ning Guo, Xiuping Zhai, Huqu Wan, Jianmin TI Identification of SSR markers for a broad-spectrum blast resistance gene Pi20(t) for marker-assisted breeding SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE gene mapping; Magnaporthe oryzae; marker-assisted selection; Oryza sativa l; resistance gene; rice blast ID PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; RICE BLAST; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; DNA MARKERS; PI-TA; SELECTION; MAP; VARIETIES; ORYZAE; GENOME AB The Pi20(t) gene was determined to confer a broad-spectrum resistance against diverse blast pathotypes (races) in China based on inoculation experiments utilizing 160 Chinese Magnaporthe oryzae (formerly Magnaporthe grisea) isolates, among which isolate 98095 can specifically differentiate the Pi20(t) gene present in cv. IR24. Two flanking and three co-segregating simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for Pi20(t), located near the centromere region of chromosome 12, were identified using 526 extremely susceptible F(2) plants derived from a cross of Asominori, an extremely susceptible cultivar, with resistant cultivar IR24. The SSR OSR32 was mapped at a distance of 0.2 cM from Pi20(t), and the SSR RM28050 was mapped to the other side of Pi20(t) at a distance of 0.4 cM. The other three SSR markers, RM1337, RM5364 and RM7102, co-segregated with Pi20(t). RM1337 and RM5364 were found to be reliable markers of resistance conditioned by Pi20(t) in a wide range of elite rice germplasm in China. As such, they are useful tags in marker-assisted rice breeding programs aimed at incorporating Pi20(t) into advanced rice breeding lines and, ultimately, at obtaining a durable and broad spectrum of resistance to M. oryaze. C1 [Wan, Jianmin] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. Natl Key Facil Crop Gene Resources & Genet Improv, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Li, Wei] Nanjing Agr Univ, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engn Res Ctr, Natl Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. [Jia, Yulin] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Wan, JM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM wanjm@caas.net.cn NR 41 TC 22 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1007/s11032-008-9163-9 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 315XD UT WOS:000256912600012 ER PT J AU Ciosi, M Miller, NJ Kim, KS Giordano, R Estoup, A Guillemaud, T AF Ciosi, M. Miller, N. J. Kim, K. S. Giordano, R. Estoup, A. Guillemaud, T. TI Invasion of Europe by the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera: multiple transatlantic introductions with various reductions of genetic diversity SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE founder effects; invasion success; loss of genetic variation; microsatellites; multiple introductions; redistribution of genetic variance ID CHRYSOMELIDAE POPULATIONS; DROSOPHILA-SUBOBSCURA; BIOTIC HOMOGENIZATION; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; SPECIES INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES; NEW-WORLD; COLEOPTERA; DIFFERENTIATION AB The early stages of invasion involve demographic bottlenecks that may result in lower genetic variation in introduced populations as compared to source population/s. Low genetic variability may decrease the adaptive potential of such populations in their new environments. Previous population genetic studies of invasive species have reported varying levels of losses of genetic variability in comparisons of source and invasive populations. However, intraspecific comparisons are required to assess more thoroughly the repeatability of genetic consequences of colonization events. Descriptions of invasive species for which multiple introductions from a single source population have been demonstrated may be particularly informative. The western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, native to North America and invasive in Europe, offers us an opportunity to analyse multiple introduction events within a single species. We investigated within- and between-population variation at eight microsatellite markers in WCR in North America and Europe to investigate the routes by which WCR was introduced into Europe, and to assess the effect of introduction events on genetic variation. We detected five independent introduction events from the northern USA into Europe. The diversity loss following these introductions differed considerably between events, suggesting substantial variation in introduction, foundation and/or establishment conditions. Genetic variability at evolutionarily neutral loci does not seem to underlie the invasive success of WCR in Europe. We also showed that the introduction of WCR into Europe resulted in the redistribution of genetic variance from the intra- to the interpopulational level contrary to most examples of multiple introductions. C1 [Ciosi, M.; Guillemaud, T.] IBSV INRA UNSA CNRS, Equipe Biol Populat Interact, UMR 1301, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France. [Miller, N. J.; Kim, K. S.] Iowa State Univ, Genet Lab, CICGRU, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Giordano, R.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Div Biodivers & Ecol Entomol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Estoup, A.] INRA, UMR CBGP IRD Cirad Montpellier SupAgro, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France. RP Ciosi, M (reprint author), IBSV INRA UNSA CNRS, Equipe Biol Populat Interact, UMR 1301, 400 Route Chappes,BP 167, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France. EM marc.ciosi@sophia.inra.fr RI Miller, Nicholas/I-4119-2012; guillemaud, thomas/B-4899-2012 OI Miller, Nicholas/0000-0001-9827-8286; guillemaud, thomas/0000-0003-0451-1644 NR 69 TC 106 Z9 114 U1 2 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 IS 16 BP 3614 EP 3627 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03866.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 334KK UT WOS:000258220500004 PM 18662220 ER PT J AU Teramoto, N Sachinvala, ND Shibata, M AF Teramoto, Naozumi Sachinvala, Navzer D. Shibata, Mitsuhiro TI Trehalose and trehalose-based polymers for environmentally benign, biocompatible and bioactive materials SO MOLECULES LA English DT Review DE trehalose; cryptobiosis; biopreservation; trehalose-based monomers; linear polymers; network polymers; biocompatible polymers ID ARTHROBACTER SP Q36; YEAST TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; TERM ANHYDROBIOTIC SURVIVAL; FREEZE-DRIED LIPOSOMES; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; DESICCATION TOLERANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INTRACELLULAR TREHALOSE; DISACCHARIDE-TREHALOSE AB Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide that is found in many organisms but not in mammals. This sugar plays important roles in cryptobiosis of selaginella mosses, tardigradign and industrial-scale process for the enzymatic conversion of alpha-1,4-linked polyhexoses to alpha,alpha-D-trehalose, which made it easy to explore novel food, indes (water bears), and other animals which revive with water from a state of suspended animation induced by desiccation. The interesting properties of trehalose are due to its unique symmetrical low-energy structure, wherein two glucose units are bonded face-to-face by 1 -> 1-glucoside links. The Hayashibara Co. Ltd., is credited for developing an inexpensive, environmentally benustrial, and medicinal uses for trehalose and its derivatives. Trehalosechemistry is a relatively new and emerging field, and polymers of trehalose derivatives appear environmentally benign, biocompatible, and biodegradable. The discriminating properties of trehalose are attributed to its structure, symmetry, solubility, kinetic and thermodynamic stability and versatility. While syntheses of trehalose-based polymer networks can be straightforward, syntheses and characterization of well defined linear polymers with tailored properties using trehalose-based monomers is challenging, and typically involves protection and deprotection of hydroxyl groups to attain desired structural, morphological, biological, and physical and chemical properties in the resulting products. In this review, we will overview known literature on trehalose's fascinating involvement in cryptobiology; highlight its applications in many fields; and then discuss methods we used to prepare new trehalose-based monomers and polymers and explain their properties. C1 [Teramoto, Naozumi; Shibata, Mitsuhiro] Chiba Inst Technol, Fac Engn, Dept Life & Environm Sci, Chiba 2750016, Japan. [Sachinvala, Navzer D.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Teramoto, N (reprint author), Chiba Inst Technol, Fac Engn, Dept Life & Environm Sci, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Chiba 2750016, Japan. EM teramoto-n@sea.it-chiba.ac.jp; Sachinvala@cox.net FU New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) of Japan; Futaba Electronics Memorial Foundation FX Our studies on trehalose-based polymers were supported by an Industrial Technology Research Grant Program in 2003 from the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) of Japan and also by a grant from the Futaba Electronics Memorial Foundation. We thank all of publishers and authors for permitting us to use the copyrighted materials. NR 262 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 42 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-3049 J9 MOLECULES JI Molecules PD AUG PY 2008 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1773 EP 1816 DI 10.3390/molecules13081773 PG 44 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 342AF UT WOS:000258756300016 PM 18794785 ER PT J AU Degenkolb, T Dieckmann, R Nielsen, KF Grafenhan, T Theis, C Zafari, D Chaverri, P Ismaiel, A Bruckner, H von Dohren, H Thrane, U Petrini, O Samuels, GJ AF Degenkolb, Thomas Dieckmann, Ralf Nielsen, Kristian Fog Graefenhan, Tom Theis, Christoph Zafari, Doustmorad Chaverri, Priscila Ismaiel, Adnan Brueckner, Hans von Doehren, Hans Thrane, Ulf Petrini, Orlando Samuels, Gary J. TI The Trichoderma brevicompactum clade: a separate lineage with new species, new peptaibiotics, and mycotoxins SO MYCOLOGICAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE Hypocrea; hypocreales; hypocreaceae; systematics; hydrophobins; trichothecene; harzianum A; trichodermin; endophyte; MALDI-TOF; biocontrol ID POLYPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTICS PEPTAIBIOTICS; TUMOR-CELL LINES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION; TOXICITY ASSESSMENT; GENUS TRICHODERMA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FUTURE-PROSPECTS; HYDROPHOBIN GENE; ALAMETHICINS F30 AB The Brevicompactum clade is recognized as a separate lineage in Trichoderma/Hypocrea. This includes T. brevicompactum and the new species T. arundinaceum, T. turrialbense, T. protrudens and Hypocrea rodmanii. The closest relative of the Brevicompactum clade is the Lutea clade. With the exception of H. rodmanii, all members of this clade produce the simple trichothecene-type toxins harzianum A or trichodermin. All members of the clade produce peptaibiotics, including alamethicins. Strains previously reported as T. harzianum (ATCC 90237), T. viride (NRRL 3199) or Hypocrea sp. (F000527, CBS 113214) to produce trichothecenes are reidentified as T. arundinaceum. The Brevicompactum clade is not closely related to species that have biological application. C1 [Ismaiel, Adnan; Samuels, Gary J.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Degenkolb, Thomas; Theis, Christoph; Brueckner, Hans] Univ Giessen, Interdisciplinary Res Ctr Biosyst, Land Use & Nutr IFZ, Dept Food Sci,Inst Nutr Sci, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. [Dieckmann, Ralf; von Doehren, Hans] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Chim, FG Biochem & Mol Biol, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Nielsen, Kristian Fog; Thrane, Ulf] Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Microbial Biotechnol, Bioctr, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Graefenhan, Tom] Eastern Cereals & Oilseeds Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A OC6, Canada. [Zafari, Doustmorad] Bu Ali Sina Univ, Fac Agr, Hamadan, Iran. [Chaverri, Priscila] Howard Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Petrini, Orlando] Ist Cantonale Microbiol, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. RP Samuels, GJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, B 011A,Rm 304,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gary.samuels@ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, Kristian/C-7233-2011; Thrane, Ulf/G-2978-2016; OI Nielsen, Kristian/0000-0002-5848-0911; Thrane, Ulf/0000-0002-6040-4141; Chaverri, Priscila/0000-0002-8486-6033 NR 78 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-416X J9 MYCOL PROG JI Mycol. Prog. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 7 IS 3 BP 177 EP 219 DI 10.1007/s11557-008-0563-3 PG 43 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 330OS UT WOS:000257953300005 ER PT J AU Hudy, M Thieling, TM Gillespie, N Smith, EP AF Hudy, Mark Thieling, Teresa M. Gillespie, Nathaniel Smith, Eric P. TI Distribution, status, and land use characteristics of subwatersheds within the native range of brook trout in the Eastern United States SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS; EXOTIC RAINBOW-TROUT; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; POPULATIONS; STREAMS; HABITAT; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT AB We examined and summarized existing knowledge regarding the distribution and status of self-sustaining populations of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis at the subwatershed scale (mean subwatershed area = 8,972 ha) across their native range in the eastern USA. This region represents approximately 25% of the species' entire native range and 70% of the U.S. portion of the native range. This assessment resulted in an updated and detailed range map of historical and current brook trout distribution in the Study area. Based on known and predicted brook trout status, each subwatershed was classified according to the percentage of historical brook trout habitat that still maintained self-sustaining populations. We identified 1,660 subwatersheds (31 %) in which over 50% of brook trout habitat was intact; 1,859 subwatersheds (35%) in which less than 50% of brook trout habitat was intact; 1,482 subwatersheds (28%) from which self-sustaining populations were extirpated; and 278 subwatersheds (5%) where brook trout were absent but the explanation for the absence was unknown (i.e., either extirpation from or a lack of historical Occurrence in those subwatersheds), A classification and regression tree using five core subwatershed metrics (percent total forest, sulfate and nitrate deposition, percent mixed forest in the water corridor, percent agriculture, and road density) was a useful predictor of brook trout distribution and status, producing an overall correct classification rate of 7 1 %. Among the intact subwatersheds, 94% had forested lands encompassing over 68% of the land base. Continued habitat loss from land use practices and the presence of naturalized exotic fishes threaten the remaining brook trout populations. The distribution of brook trout subwatershed status and related threshold metrics can be used for risk assessment and prioritization of conservation efforts. C1 [Hudy, Mark; Thieling, Teresa M.] James Madison Univ, US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Gillespie, Nathaniel] Trout Unltd, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Smith, Eric P.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Hudy, M (reprint author), James Madison Univ, US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Mail Stop Code 7801, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. EM hudymx@csm.jmu.edu RI Hudy, Mark/D-4106-2013 NR 71 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1069 EP 1085 DI 10.1577/M07-017.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 356JN UT WOS:000259774600009 ER PT J AU Kim, DI Lee, SH Choi, JH Lillehoj, HS Yu, MH Lee, GS AF Kim, Dae-Ik Lee, Sung-Hyen Choi, Jin-Ho Lillehoj, Hyun Soon Yu, Mi-Hee Lee, Gun-Soon TI The butanol fraction of Eclipta prostrata (Linn) effectively reduces serum lipid levels and improves antioxidant activities in CD rats SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Eclipta prostrata; rat; antiatherogenic; hypolipidemic; antioxidant ID DIETARY PHYTIC ACID; CHOLESTEROL; DISEASE; ALBA; PEROXIDES; RESPONSES; RADICALS; EXTRACT; DAMAGE; MICE AB Eclipta prostrata (Linn) has been used as a traditional medicinal plant to prevent lipidemia and atherosclerosis in Asia. However, its functional properties and the underlying mechanism of action have not been clearly defined. This study was conducted to elucidate the biological basis for hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of E prostrata. Charles River Sprague-Dawley CD rats (specific pathogen-free/viral antibody-free Crj/Bgi male, 180 +/- 10 g) were fed experimental diets supplemented with 0 mg (control), 25 mg (E25), 50 mg (E50), or 100 mg (E100) of a freeze-dried butanol fraction of E prostrata per kilogram of diet for 6 weeks. Serum triacylglycerol and total cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the E50 and E100 groups by 9.8% to 19.0% and by 10.7% to 13.4%, respectively, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in the same groups by 10.3% to 13.0% compared with the untreated control group. The E50 and E100 groups also showed significantly increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (13.0%-19.1%) compared with the control group. Atherogenic indices were decreased by 9.8% to 30.5% in all groups fed diets supplemented with E prostrata. Furthermore, serum hydroxyl radical, lipid peroxide, and oxidized protein levels were significantly decreased in the E50 and E100 groups. These results clearly demonstrate the effects of Eprostrata on serum lipid and oxidative metabolism in rats. The health-promoting effects of E prostrata, which were demonstrated in this study in a rat model, may have implications for atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia in humans. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Sung-Hyen; Lillehoj, Hyun Soon] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kim, Dae-Ik; Choi, Jin-Ho] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Biotechnol, Pusan 608737, South Korea. [Lee, Sung-Hyen] RDA, NIAST, Natl Rural Resources Dev Inst, Suwon 441853, South Korea. [Yu, Mi-Hee] Keimyung Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Taegu 704701, South Korea. [Lee, Gun-Soon] RDA, Korea Natl Agr Coll, Gyeonggi 448760, South Korea. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 1043,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sunghyen.lee@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 8 BP 550 EP 554 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2008.05.003 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 334XB UT WOS:000258253900009 PM 19083459 ER PT J AU Mason, JB Choi, SW Liu, ZH AF Mason, Joel B. Choi, Sang-Woon Liu, Zhenhua TI Other one-carbon micronutrients and age modulate the effects of folate on colorectal carcinogenesis SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Diet, Epigenetic Events, and Cancer Prevention CY SEP 26-27, 2007 CL Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD HO Natl Inst Hlth ID DNA METHYLATION; DIETARY-FOLATE; MOUSE COLON; RAT COLON; CANCER; DEPLETION; DETERMINANTS; INSTABILITY; POPULATION; MUTATION C1 [Mason, Joel B.; Choi, Sang-Woon; Liu, Zhenhua] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Mason, Joel B.] Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Div Clin Nutr, Boston, MA USA. [Mason, Joel B.] Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Boston, MA USA. RP Mason, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM joel.mason@tufts.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [U54 CA10097, K05 CA100048, U54 CA100971] NR 19 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 66 IS 8 SU 1 BP S15 EP S17 DI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00058.x PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 332QW UT WOS:000258099200004 PM 18673480 ER PT J AU Waterland, RA AF Waterland, Robert A. TI Epigenetic epidemiology of obesity: application of epigenomic technology SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Diet, Epigenetic Events, and Cancer Prevention CY SEP 26-27, 2007 CL Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD HO Natl Inst Hlth ID GENE; EXPRESSION; PROMOTER; LEPTIN C1 [Waterland, Robert A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Waterland, Robert A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Waterland, RA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM waterland@bcm.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [5K01DK070007] NR 12 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 66 IS 8 SU 1 BP S21 EP S23 DI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00060.x PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 332QW UT WOS:000258099200006 PM 18673482 ER PT J AU Shukitt-Hale, B Lau, FC Carey, AN Galli, RL Spangler, EL Ingram, DK Joseph, JA AF Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Lau, Francis C. Carey, Amanda N. Galli, Rachel L. Spangler, Edward L. Ingram, Donald K. Joseph, James A. TI Blueberry polyphenols attenuate kainic acid-induced decrements in cognition and alter inflammatory gene expression in rat hippocampus SO NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Morris water maze; memory; inflammation; aging; oxidative stress; antioxidants; anti-inflammatories; dietary supplementation; blueberries; piroxicam; OX-6; cytokines; flavonoids ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; NEURONAL SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; WATER-MAZE; AGED RATS; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; ANTIINFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES; ALZHEIMER-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Cognitive impairment in age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease may be partly due to long-term exposure and increased susceptibility to inflammatory insults. In the current study, we investigated whether polyphenols in blueberries can reduce the deleterious effects of inflammation induced by central administration of kainic acid by altering the expression of genes associated with inflammation. To this end, 4-month-old male Fischer-344 (F344) rats were fed a control, 0.015% piroxicam (an NSAID) or 2% blueberry diet for 8 weeks before either Ringer's buffer or kainic acid was bilaterally micro-infused into the hippocampus. Two weeks later, following behavioral evaluation, the rats were killed and total RNA from the hippocampus was extracted and used in real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) to analyze the expression of inflammation-related genes. Kainic acid had deleterious effects on cognitive behavior as kainic acid-injected rats on the control diet exhibited increased latencies to find a hidden platform in the Morris water maze compared to Ringer's buffer-injected rats and utilized non-spatial strategies during probe trials. The blueberry diet, and to a lesser degree the piroxicam diet, was able to improve cognitive performance. Immunohistochemical analyses of OX-6 expression revealed that kainic acid produced an inflammatory response by increasing the OX-6 positive areas in the hippocampus of kainic acid-injected rats. Kainic acid up-regulated the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha, the neurotrophic factor IGF-1, and the transcription factor NF-kappa B. Blueberry and piroxicam supplementations were found to attenuate the kainic acid-induced increase in the expression of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and NF-kappa 1B, while only blueberry was able to augment the increased IGF-1 expression. These results indicate that blueberry polyphenols attenuate learning impairments following neurotoxic insult and exert anti-inflammatory actions, perhaps via alteration of gene expression. C1 [Shukitt-Hale, Barbara; Lau, Francis C.; Carey, Amanda N.; Joseph, James A.] Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, ARS, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Galli, Rachel L.] Simmons Coll, Dept Psychol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Spangler, Edward L.; Ingram, Donald K.] NIA, Lab Expt Gerontol, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Shukitt-Hale, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, ARS, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM barbara.shukitthale@ars.usda.gov FU USDA; Alzheimer's Association FX This research was supported, in part, by the USDA and the Alzheimer's Association. The authors would like to thank Laura Simon and Donna Bielinski for assisting with data collection. NR 80 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 6 U2 12 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1028-415X J9 NUTR NEUROSCI JI Nutr. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 11 IS 4 BP 172 EP 182 DI 10.1179/147683008X301487 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 470LB UT WOS:000267975100005 PM 18681986 ER PT J AU Zizza, CA Duffy, PA Gerrior, SA AF Zizza, Claire A. Duffy, Patricia A. Gerrior, Shirley A. TI Food insecurity is not associated with lower energy intakes SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; OBESITY; DENSITY; HUNGER; WOMEN; NUTRIENTS; SNACKING; ADULTS AB We examined the association between food insecurity and total daily energy intakes in American men and women. We estimated the number of daily snacks and meals consumed by individuals in different food security categories. Also, we calculated the energy contribution, energy density, and food group sources of those snacks and meals. Using the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we examined the Food Security Survey Module (FSSM) and dietary information from the 24-h recall. Differences in energy intakes between groups were not significant. Women who were food insecure without hunger (FIWOH) and food insecure with hunger (FIWH) had significantly fewer meals than food secure (FS) women. The energy contribution of each meal and the total energy contributed from snacking were both significantly greater for FIWOH women than for FS women. The number of meals was significantly lower whereas the daily number of snacking occasions and the total energy from snacking were significantly increased for FIWOH men relative to FS men. FIWOH men consumed snack foods that had significantly lower energy density than those consumed by FS men. Among men and women, the major sources of meal energy were the grain group, the meat, poultry, and fish group, and the sugar, sweets, and beverages group whereas the major source of snacking energy was the sugar, sweets, and beverages group. Total energy intakes were not different for FI individuals; however, their meal and snack behaviors were different. Focusing solely on total energy intake would miss important consequences of food insecurity. C1 [Zizza, Claire A.] Auburn Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Duffy, Patricia A.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Gerrior, Shirley A.] Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Zizza, CA (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM Claire_Zizza@auburn.edu NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD AUG PY 2008 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1908 EP 1913 DI 10.1038/oby.2008.288 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 335OM UT WOS:000258299900028 PM 18535545 ER PT J AU Wagner, D DeFoliart, L Doak, P Schneiderheinze, J AF Wagner, Diane DeFoliart, Linda Doak, Patricia Schneiderheinze, Jenny TI Impact of epidermal leaf mining by the aspen leaf miner (Phyllocnistis populiella) on the growth, physiology, and leaf longevity of quaking aspen SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Populus tremuloides; Phyllocnistis populiella; herbivory; leaf mining; growth ID FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR; TREMBLING ASPEN; AESCULUS-HIPPOCASTANUM; CAMERARIA-OHRIDELLA; GAS-EXCHANGE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DEFOLIATION; RESPONSES; LEAVES; INSECTICIDES AB The aspen leaf miner, Phyllocnistis populiella, feeds on the contents of epidermal cells on both top (adaxial) and bottom (abaxial) surfaces of quaking aspen leaves, leaving the photosynthetic tissue of the mesophyll intact. This type of feeding is taxonomically restricted to a small subset of leaf mining insects but can cause widespread plant damage during outbreaks. We studied the effect of epidermal mining on aspen growth and physiology during an outbreak of P. populiella in the boreal forest of interior Alaska. Experimental reduction of leaf miner density across two sites and 3 years significantly increased annual aspen growth rates relative to naturally mined controls. Leaf mining damage was negatively related to leaf longevity. Leaves with heavy mining damage abscised 4 weeks earlier, on average, than leaves with minimal mining damage. Mining damage to the top and bottom surfaces of leaves had different effects on physiology. Mining on the top surface of the leaf had no significant effect on photosynthesis or conductance and was unrelated to leaf stable C isotope ratio (delta(13)pC). Mining damage to the bottom leaf surface, where stomata are located, had significant negative effects on net photosynthesis and water vapor conductance. Percent bottom mining was positively related to leaf delta(13)C. Taken together, the data suggest that the primary mechanism for the reduction of photosynthesis by epidermal leaf mining by P. populiella is the failure of stomata to open normally on bottom-mined leaves. C1 [Wagner, Diane; Doak, Patricia; Schneiderheinze, Jenny] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [DeFoliart, Linda] Univ Alaska, USDA ARS, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Wagner, D (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffdw1@uaf.edu NR 42 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2008 VL 157 IS 2 BP 259 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s00442-008-1067-1 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 330PT UT WOS:000257956000008 PM 18523809 ER PT J AU Wang, SF Zhang, AJ AF Wang, Shifa Zhang, Aijun TI Facile and efficient synthesis of isolongifolenone SO ORGANIC PREPARATIONS AND PROCEDURES INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION; ALKENES; OLEFINS; COMPLEX; ENONES C1 [Zhang, Aijun] ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, BARC W, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wang, Shifa] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Wang, Shifa] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Chem Engn, Nanjing 21037, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, AJ (reprint author), ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, BARC W, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM aijun.zhang@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0030-4948 J9 ORG PREP PROCED INT JI Org. Prep. Proced. Int. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 40 IS 4 BP 405 EP 410 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 339CY UT WOS:000258556900008 ER PT J AU Alvi, AK Iqbal, J Shah, AH Pan, YB AF Alvi, A. K. Iqbal, J. Shah, A. H. Pan, Y. -B. TI DNA BASED GENETIC VARIATION FOR RED ROT RESISTANCE IN SUGARCANE SO PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID DIVERSITY; CULTIVAR; MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; AFLP; PCR AB Genetic difference between twelve red rot resistant and five susceptible genotypes of sugarcane cultivated in Pakistan were studied using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Initial screening was done using 300 markers and four genotypes (two resistant and two susceptible for red-rot). From these 300 markers, 24 were selected and further applied to all 17 genotypes. A total number of 182 loci were generated by these 24 primers. Of these 156 loci were polymorphic and 26 were monomorphic, whereas 10 loci were genotype specific, Moreover, the number of monomorphic loci for the resistant and susceptible genotypes was 29 and 52 respectively, However, none of the loci could be solely linked to either resistance or susceptibility against red-rot. The mean genetic similarity among the genotypes recorded was 74.37% which shows that a large part of the genome is similar. This may be due to the lack of parental diversity. This study reveals that there is possibly more than one genetic reason for resistance or susceptibility against red rot in sugarcane genotypes of Pakistan. C1 [Alvi, A. K.; Iqbal, J.; Shah, A. H.] Univ Punjab, Sch Biol Sci, Lahore, Pakistan. [Pan, Y. -B.] So Reg Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Alvi, AK (reprint author), Univ Punjab, Sch Biol Sci, Lahore, Pakistan. EM botanist_sbs@yahoo.com RI Iqbal, Javed/H-9604-2015 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU PAKISTAN BOTANICAL SOC PI KARACHI PA DEPT OF BOTANY UNIV KARACHI, 32 KARACHI, PAKISTAN SN 0556-3321 J9 PAK J BOT JI Pak. J. Bot. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 40 IS 4 SI SI BP 1419 EP 1425 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 361WM UT WOS:000260158200008 ER PT J AU Aguilar-Tipacamu, G Miller, RJ Hernandez-Ortiz, R Rodriguez-Vivas, RI Vasquez-Pelaez, C Garcia-Vazquez, Z Olvera-Valencia, F Rosario-Cruz, R AF Aguilar-Tipacamu, G. Miller, R. J. Hernandez-Ortiz, R. Rodriguez-Vivas, R. I. Vasquez-Pelaez, C. Garcia-Vazquez, Z. Olvera-Valencia, F. Rosario-Cruz, R. TI Inheritance of pyrethroid resistance and a sodium channel gene mutation in the cattle tick Boophilus microplus SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; IXODIDAE; ACARI; PERMETHRIN; STRAINS; DOMINANCE; DIPTERA; MEXICO AB A substitution (Phe -> Ile) within the sodium channel gene sequence has been associated with pyrethroid resistance in Boophilus microplus. The aim of the present study was to analyze the inheritance of pyrethroid resistance and the mutant allele, on reciprocal crosses of a susceptible (SS) and a resistant (RR) strain. Bioassays and genotypes were determined to evaluate pyrethroid resistance. The resistance allele frequency of both parental strains were 100% and 2.27% for RR and SS, respectively. The reciprocal crosses show a predominance of the heterozygote genotype, in agreement with the significant decrease of the acaricide resistance to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and flumethrin. However, the RS progeny showed a complete recessive survival (D(ML)=0) for deltamethrin and flumethrin, suggesting a complete dominance of the susceptible allele and incomplete dominance for cypermethrin (D(ML)=0.169). On the other hand, SR progeny showed a partially recessive survival for cypermethrin (D(ML)=0.380), deltamethrin (D(ML)=0.319), and flumethrin (D(ML)=0.258), indicative of a partially dominant inheritance of the resistance. A possible maternal strain effect should be considered for practical purposes and prediction of acaricide resistance and further work needs to be done to elucidate the underlying inheritance of pyrethroid resistance and the sodium channel mutation in B. microplus. C1 [Hernandez-Ortiz, R.; Garcia-Vazquez, Z.; Rosario-Cruz, R.] Inst Nacl Investigac Forestales, CENID PAVET, Jiutepec 62550, Morelos, Mexico. [Aguilar-Tipacamu, G.; Vasquez-Pelaez, C.] Ciudad Univ, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, FMVZ, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Miller, R. J.] ARS, USDA, Cattle Fever Ticks Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Rodriguez-Vivas, R. I.] UADY, FMVZ, Merida 97100, Yucatan, Mexico. [Olvera-Valencia, F.] CENAPA, SENASICA, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico. RP Rosario-Cruz, R (reprint author), Inst Nacl Investigac Forestales, CENID PAVET, Carr Fed Cuernavaca Cuautla 8534,Col Progre, Jiutepec 62550, Morelos, Mexico. EM rosario.rodrigo@inifap.gob.mx NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 103 IS 3 BP 633 EP 639 DI 10.1007/s00436-008-1024-2 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 323RJ UT WOS:000257465500022 PM 18528710 ER PT J AU Glynn, NC Hare, MC Edwards, SG AF Glynn, Neil C. Hare, Martin C. Edwards, Simon G. TI Fungicide seed treatment efficacy against Microdochium nivale and M. majus in vitro and in vivo SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE seedling blight; Microdochium nivale; Microdochium mains; seed treatment; EC(50); radial growth ID WINTER-WHEAT; VAR. NIVALE; BLIGHT; PCR; DIVERSITY; CEREALS; GRAIN AB BACKGROUND: Seed-borne Microdochium majus (Wollenweber) and M. nivale Fries are the primary pathogens responsible for Fusarium seedling blight in the UK. The two species show differences in pathogenicity, host preference and sensitivities to temperature, but their relative sensitivities to fungicide seed treatments are unknown. The aim was firstly to determine the efficacy of fungicide seed treatments towards single-spore isolates of M. majus and M. nivale using in vitro experiments, and subsequently to determine efficacy in vivo over a range of temperatures. RESULTS: Differences in EC(50) values between all seed treatments were evident from the in vitro experiments and ranged from 0.028 mg L(-1) for fludioxonil to 22.8 mg L(-1) for carboxin + thiram. The two seed treatments that showed best performance in vitro were used to examine efficacy towards seed-borne infection in vivo at 4, 8, 12 and 16 degrees C. Generally, seedling emergence improved and the severity of stem-base disease symptoms on emerged seedlings was reduced for both species through the use of the fungicides. The combination of fludioxonil + difenconazole showed improved performance compared with fludioxonil alone. Significantly less severe symptoms were observed through the use of fludioxonil and fludioxonil + difenconazole compared with bitertanol + fuberidazole at 12 degrees C and for all except one M. nivale infected seed lot at 8 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in fungicide sensitivity between the two species in vitro were not evident in vivo. This is the first report of the effect of fungicide seed treatments on the control of seedling blight caused by M. majus and M. nivale. (c) 2008 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 [Glynn, Neil C.; Hare, Martin C.; Edwards, Simon G.] Harper Adams Univ Coll, Newport TF10 8NB, Shrops, England. RP Glynn, NC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990,US Hwy 441N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM neil.glynn@ars.usda.gov RI Edwards, Simon/A-5432-2010; OI Edwards, Simon/0000-0002-1205-1249 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 64 IS 8 BP 793 EP 799 DI 10.1002/ps.1558 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 327LO UT WOS:000257730800003 PM 18338339 ER PT J AU Suckling, DM Jang, EB Holder, P Carvalho, L Stephens, AEA AF Suckling, David M. Jang, Eric B. Holder, Peter Carvalho, Lori Stephens, Andrea E. A. TI Evaluation of lure dispensers for fruit fly surveillance in New Zealand SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Tephritidae; Bactrocera dorsalis; Bactrocera cucurbitae; Ceratitis capitata; lure dispensers ID POTENTIAL GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; DORSALIS DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; TRIMEDLURE; FORMULATIONS; PERFORMANCE; ATTRACTANT; SYSTEMS; TRAPS AB BACKGROUND: Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) represent a major biosecurity threat to the horticulture sector of New Zealand, which is entirely free of these invasive pests. A nationwide surveillance programme is conducted to ensure any incursion is detected as early as possible. A review of the lure dispensers used is reported here. RESULTS: Lure dispenser emission trials found that the currently used lure plugs release lure more slowly under New Zealand subtropical to temperate climates than wafer dispensers. Subsequent trapping experiments at high altitude in Hawaii (as a mimic of New Zealand meteorological and expected fruit fly ecological conditions) compared Lynfield traps baited with the existing lure plug dispensers and newer wafer dispensers. Catches of wild Oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), were 9.5-fold higher with methyl eugenol wafers than with the plugs. Recaptures of sterile melon flies, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillet), were 2.6-fold higher with cuelure wafers than with the plugs. Recaptures of sterile Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata Weid., were not significantly higher with trimedlure wafers than with the plugs. CONCLUSIONS: Release rate and trapping experiments found new lure dispensers differed in release rate characteristics from existing dispensers under temperate and subtropical conditions, and indicated some potential for improvement in surveillance efficacy. (c) 2008 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 [Suckling, David M.; Stephens, Andrea E. A.] HortResearch, Canterbury, New Zealand. [Jang, Eric B.; Carvalho, Lori] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Holder, Peter] MAF Biosecur New Zealand, Plant Hlth & Environm Lab, Canterbury, New Zealand. RP Suckling, DM (reprint author), HortResearch, POB 51, Canterbury, New Zealand. EM msuckling@hortresearch.co.nz RI Holder, Peter/C-5224-2014; Suckling, David/F-7005-2010 OI Holder, Peter/0000-0003-2942-7289; Suckling, David/0000-0001-7216-9348 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 64 IS 8 BP 848 EP 856 DI 10.1002/ps.1578 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 327LO UT WOS:000257730800010 PM 18383565 ER PT J AU Qiu, QS Huber, JL Booker, FL Jain, V Leakey, ADB Fiscus, EL Yau, PM Ort, DR Huber, SC AF Qiu, Quan-Sheng Huber, Joan L. Booker, Fitzgerald L. Jain, Vanita Leakey, Andrew D. B. Fiscus, Edwin L. Yau, Peter M. Ort, Donald R. Huber, Steven C. TI Increased protein carbonylation in leaves of Arabidopsis and soybean in response to elevated [CO2] SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; ascorbate peroxidase; 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis; protein carbonylation; soybean ID OPEN-AIR ELEVATION; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; REACTIVE OXYGEN; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ENRICHMENT FACE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MITOCHONDRIA; EXPRESSION AB While exposure of C-3 plants to elevated [CO2] would be expected to reduce production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leaves because of reduced photorespiratory metabolism, results obtained in the present study suggest that exposure of plants to elevated [CO2] can result in increased oxidative stress. First, in Arabidopsis and soybean, leaf protein carbonylation, a marker of oxidative stress, was often increased when plants were exposed to elevated [CO2]. In soybean, increased carbonyl content was often associated with loss of leaf chlorophyll and reduced enhancement of leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) by elevated [CO2]. Second, two-dimensional (2-DE) difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) analysis of proteins extracted from leaves of soybean plants grown at elevated [CO2] or [O-3] revealed that both treatments altered the abundance of a similar subset of proteins, consistent with the idea that both conditions may involve an oxidative stress. The 2-DE analysis of leaf proteins was facilitated by a novel and simple procedure to remove ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) from soluble soybean leaf extracts. Collectively, these findings add a new dimension to our understanding of global change biology and raise the possibility that oxidative signals can be an unexpected component of plant response to elevated [CO2]. C1 [Qiu, Quan-Sheng; Huber, Joan L.; Jain, Vanita; Leakey, Andrew D. B.; Ort, Donald R.; Huber, Steven C.] Univ Illinois, USDA, Dept Plant Pathol, Agr Res Serv,Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Booker, Fitzgerald L.; Fiscus, Edwin L.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, Dept Crop Sci, Agr Res Serv,Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC USA. [Jain, Vanita] Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Plant Physiol, New Delhi 110012, India. [Yau, Peter M.] Univ Illinois, Carver Biotechnol Ctr, Prot Sci Facil, Urbana, IL USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA, Dept Plant Pathol, Agr Res Serv,Photosynth Res Unit, 1201 W Gregory Dr,197 ERML, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM schuber1@life.uiuc.edu RI Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016 OI Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X NR 42 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 EI 1573-5079 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 97 IS 2 BP 155 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s11120-008-9310-5 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 330PX UT WOS:000257956400004 PM 18506594 ER PT J AU Wu, G Ort, DR AF Wu, Guosheng Ort, Donald R. TI Mutation in the cysteine bridge domain of the gamma-subunit affects light regulation of the ATP synthase but not photosynthesis or growth in Arabidopsis SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chloroplast ATP synthase; disulfide bond; redox modulation; thioredoxin ID COUPLING FACTOR-I; THIOL MODULATION; SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS; FACTOR REDUCTION; ACTIVATION; THIOREDOXIN; DISULFIDE; PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION; DEACTIVATION; INVOLVEMENT AB The chloroplast ATP synthase synthesizes ATP from ADP and free phosphate coupled by the electrochemical potential across the thylakoid membrane in the light. The light-dependent regulation of ATP synthase activity is carried out in part through redox modulation of a cysteine disulfide bridge in CF(1) gamma-subunit. In order to investigate the function of the redox regulatory domain and the physiological significance of redox modulation for higher plants, we designed four mutations in the redox regulatory domain of the gamma-subunit to create functional mimics of the permanently reduced form of the gamma-subunit. While the inability to reduce the regulatory disulfide results in lower photosynthesis and growth, unexpectedly, the results reported here show that inability to reoxidize the dithiol may not be of any direct detriment to plant photosynthetic performance or growth. C1 [Wu, Guosheng; Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ort, Donald R.] USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Wu, G (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, 1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM d-ort@uiuc.edu NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 97 IS 2 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1007/s11120-008-9315-0 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 330PX UT WOS:000257956400007 PM 18566910 ER PT J AU Pettigrew, WT AF Pettigrew, William T. TI Potassium influences on yield and quality production for maize, wheat, soybean and cotton SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Review ID DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION; MAX L. MERR.; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; NO-TILL; GRAIN-YIELD; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; SPRING WHEAT; WINTER-WHEAT; LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LIGHT INTERCEPTION AB Potassium is one of the principle plant nutrients underpinning crop yield production and quality determination. While involved in many physiological processes, potassium's impact on water relations, photosynthesis, assimilate transport and enzyme activation can have direct consequences on crop productivity. Potassium deficiency can lead to a reduction in both the number of leaves produced and the size of individual leaves. Coupling this reduced amount of photosynthetic source material with a reduction in the photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area, and the result is an overall reduction in the amount of photosynthetic assimilates available for growth. The production of less photosynthetic assimilates and reduced assimilate transport out of the leaves to the developing fruit greatly contributes to the negative consequences that deficiencies of potassium have on yield and quality production. Goals aimed toward increasing crop productivity and improved quality dictate either increased potassium supply or more efficient use of potassium. Developing plants that more efficiently use potassium might be a worthwhile goal for geneticists. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Pettigrew, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd,POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bill.pettigrew@ars.usda.gov NR 102 TC 112 Z9 133 U1 13 U2 72 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 133 IS 4 BP 670 EP 681 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01073.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 324JQ UT WOS:000257515300005 PM 18331406 ER PT J AU Davidson, JM Patterson, HA Rizzo, DM AF Davidson, J. M. Patterson, H. A. Rizzo, D. M. TI Sources of inoculum for Phytophthora ramorum in a redwood forest SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plant-host interaction; generalist pathogen ID SUDDEN OAK DEATH; CALIFORNIA; PATHOGEN; DYNAMICS AB Sources of inoculum were investigated for dominant hosts of Phytophthora ramorum in a redwood forest. Infected trunks, twigs, and/or leaves of bay laurel (Umbellularia californica), tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus), and redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) were tested in the laboratory for sporangia production. Sporangia occurred on all plant tissues with the highest percentage on bay laurel leaves and tanoak twigs. To further compare these two species, field measurements of inoculum production and infection were conducted during the rainy seasons of 2003-04 and 2004-05. Inoculum levels in throughfall rainwater and from individual infections were significantly higher for bay laurel as opposed to tanoak for both seasons. Both measurements of inoculum production from bay laurel were significantly greater during 2004-05 when rainfall extended longer into the spring, while inoculum quantities for tanoak were not significantly different between the 2 years. Tanoak twigs were more likely to be infected than bay laurel leaves in 2003-04, and equally likely to be infected in 2004-05. These results indicate that the majority of P. ramorum inoculum in redwood forest is produced from infections on bay laurel leaves. Years with extended rains pose an elevated risk for tanoak because inoculum levels are higher and infectious periods continue into late spring. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Davidson, J. M.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. [Patterson, H. A.; Rizzo, D. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Davidson, JM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, 2538 McCarthy Mall,Edmondson 152, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jmd@hawaii.edu NR 30 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2008 VL 98 IS 8 BP 860 EP 866 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-98-8-0860 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 330KR UT WOS:000257940400001 PM 18943203 ER PT J AU Irish, BM Correll, JC Feng, C Bentley, T de los Reyes, BG AF Irish, B. M. Correll, J. C. Feng, C. Bentley, T. de los Reyes, B. G. TI Characterization of a resistance locus (Pfs-1) to the spinach downy mildew pathogen (Peronospora farinosa f. sp spinaciae) and development of a molecular marker linked to Pfs-1 SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blue mold; leafy vegetables; marker-assisted selection; Peronospora effusa ID DISEASE-RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; OLERACEA-L; IDENTIFICATION; SELECTION; GENES; REGIONS; LINKAGE; BARLEY; RACES AB Downy mildew is a destructive disease of spinach worldwide. There have been 10 races described since 1824, six of which have been identified in the past 10 years. Race identification is based on qualitative disease reactions on a set of diverse host differentials which include open-pollinated cultivars, contemporary hybrid cultivars, and older hybrid cultivars that are no longer produced. The development of a set of near-isogenic open-pollinated spinach lines (NILs), having different resistance loci in a susceptible and otherwise common genetic background, would facilitate identification of races of the downy mildew pathogen, provide a tool to better understand the genetics of resistance, and expedite the development of molecular markers linked to these disease resistance loci. To achieve this objective, the spinach cv. Viroflay, susceptible to race 6 of Peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinaciae. was used as the recurrent susceptible parent in crosses with the hybrid spinach cv. Lion, resistant to race 6. Resistant F-1 progeny were subsequently backcrossed to Viroflay four times with selection for race 6 resistance each time. Analysis of the segregation data showed that resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene, and the resistance locus was designated Pfs-1. By bulk segregant analysis, an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker (E-ACT/M-CTG) linked to Pfs-1 was identified and used to develop a co-dominant Sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker. This SCAR marker, designated Dm-1, was closely linked (approximate to 1.7 cM) to the Pfs-1 locus and could discriminate among spinach genotypes that were homozygous resistant (Pfs-1Pfs-1), heterozygous resistant (Pfs-1pfs-1), or homozygous susceptible (pfs-1pfs-1) to race 6 within the original mapping population. Evaluation of a wide range of commercial spinach lines outside of the mapping population indicated that Dm-1 could effectively identify Pfs-1 resistant genotypes; the Dm-1 marker correctly predicted the disease resistance phenotype in 120 out of 123 lines tested. In addition, the NIL containing the Pfs-1 locus (Pfs-1Pfs-1) was resistant to multiple races of the downy mildew pathogen indicating Pfs-1 locus may contain a cluster of resistance genes. C1 [Correll, J. C.; Feng, C.; Bentley, T.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [de los Reyes, B. G.] Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Irish, B. M.] ARS, USDA, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Correll, JC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM jcorrell@uark.edu NR 29 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2008 VL 98 IS 8 BP 894 EP 900 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-98-8-0894 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 330KR UT WOS:000257940400005 PM 18943207 ER PT J AU Yue, B Radi, SA Vick, BA Cai, X Tang, S Knapp, SJ Gulya, TJ Miller, JE Hu, J AF Yue, B. Radi, S. A. Vick, B. A. Cai, X. Tang, S. Knapp, S. J. Gulya, T. J. Miller, J. E. Hu, J. TI Identifying quantitative trait loci for resistance to Sclerotinia head rot in two USDA sunflower germplasms SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHISM MARKERS; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER; WHEAT; QTL AB Sclerotinia head rot is a major disease of sunflower in the world, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping could facilitate understanding of the genetic basis of head rot resistance and breeding in sunflower. One hundred twenty-three F-2:3 and F-2:4 families from a cross between HA 441 and RHA 439 were studied. The mapping population was evaluated for disease resistance in three field experiments in a randomized complete block design with two replicates. Disease incidence (DI) and disease severity (DS) were assessed. A genetic map with 180 target region amplification polymorphism, 32 simple sequence repeats, 11 insertion-deletion, and 2 morphological markers was constructed. Nine DI and seven DS QTL were identified with each QTL explaining 8.4 to 34.5% of phenotypic variance, suggesting the polygenic basis of the resistance to head rot. Five of these QTL were identified in more than one experiment, and each QTL explained more than 12.9% of phenotypic variance. These QTL could be useful in sunflower breeding. Although a positive correlation existed between the two disease indices, most of the respective QTL were located in different chromosomal regions, suggesting a different genetic basis for the two indices. C1 [Vick, B. A.; Gulya, T. J.; Miller, J. E.; Hu, J.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Yue, B.; Cai, X.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Radi, S. A.] Dow AgroSci, Breckenridge, MN 56560 USA. [Tang, S.; Knapp, S. J.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hu, J (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM jinguo.hu@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 2008 VL 98 IS 8 BP 926 EP 931 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-98-8-0926 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 330KR UT WOS:000257940400009 PM 18943211 ER PT J AU Candela, H Johnston, R Gerhold, A Foster, T Hake, S AF Candela, Hector Johnston, Robyn Gerhold, Abigail Foster, Toshi Hake, Sarah TI The milkweed pod1 gene encodes a KANADI protein that is required for abaxial/adaxial patterning in maize leaves SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID CLASS IIIHD-ZIP; SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM; ZEA-MAYS-L; LEAF DEVELOPMENT; LATERAL ORGANS; POLARITY ESTABLISHMENT; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; DOMAIN PROTEIN; LOB DOMAIN; ARABIDOPSIS AB Leaf primordia initiate from the shoot apical meristem with inherent polarity; the adaxial side faces the meristem, while the abaxial side faces away from the meristem. Adaxial/abaxial polarity is thought to be necessary for laminar growth of leaves, as mutants lacking either adaxial or abaxial cell types often develop radially symmetric lateral organs. The milkweed pod1 (mwp1) mutant of maize (Zea mays) has adaxialized sectors in the sheath, the proximal part of the leaf. Ectopic leaf flaps develop where adaxial and abaxial cell types juxtapose. Ectopic expression of the HD-ZIPIII gene rolled leaf1 (rld1) correlates with the adaxialized regions. Cloning of mwp1 showed that it encodes a KANADI transcription factor. Double mutants of mwp1-R with a microRNA-resistant allele of rld1, Rld1-N1990, show a synergistic phenotype with polarity defects in sheath and blade and a failure to differentiate vascular and photosynthetic cell types in the adaxialized sectors. The sectored phenotype and timing of the defect suggest that mwp1 is required late in leaf development to maintain abaxial cell fate. The phenotype of mwp1; Rld1 double mutants shows that both genes are also required early in leaf development to delineate leaf margins as well as to initiate vascular and photosynthetic tissues. C1 [Candela, Hector; Gerhold, Abigail; Hake, Sarah] USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Candela, Hector; Gerhold, Abigail; Hake, Sarah] Univ Calif Berkeley, Plant & Microbial Biol Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Johnston, Robyn; Foster, Toshi] Hort & Food Res Inst New Zealand Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Hake, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM maizesh@nature.berkeley.edu RI Candela, Hector/C-5563-2012; foster, toshi/A-6373-2017 OI Candela, Hector/0000-0002-3050-4408; foster, toshi/0000-0002-2829-4384 FU NSF [IOS 0445387]; USDA; Royal Society of New Zealand [HRT0501]; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia of Spain; FRST Bright Futures Scholarship FX This work was supported by grant NSF IOS 0445387 and USDA Agricultural Research Service funding to S. H. and a Marsden grant to T. F. (HRT0501) from the Royal Society of New Zealand. H. C. was a recipient of a postdoctoral fellowship of the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia of Spain and R. J. of a FRST Bright Futures Scholarship. We thank Torbert Rocheford for field space, Marty Sachs and the Maize Genetics Cooperation Stock Center for maize strains, David Hantz and Julie Calfas for greenhouse support, Delilah F. Wood and Tina Williams for the use of the electron microscopy facility, Doug Hopcroft and Raymond Bennett for assistance with scanning electron microscopy, and Marja Timmermans for providing the rld1 probe. We also wish to acknowledge the helpful discussions and editing from lab members. NR 52 TC 38 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD AUG PY 2008 VL 20 IS 8 BP 2073 EP 2087 DI 10.1105/tpc.108.059709 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 355IT UT WOS:000259703300009 PM 18757553 ER PT J AU Urtubia, C Devia, J Castro, A Zamora, P Aguirre, C Tapia, E Barba, P Dell'Orto, P Moynihan, MR Petri, C Scorza, R Prieto, H AF Urtubia, Carolina Devia, Jessica Castro, Alvaro Zamora, Pablo Aguirre, Carlos Tapia, Eduardo Barba, Paola Dell'Orto, Paola Moynihan, Michael R. Petri, Cesar Scorza, Ralph Prieto, Humberto TI Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of Prunus salicina SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Prunus; rosaceae; Prunus salicina; transformation; regeneration; genetic engineering ID ADVENTITIOUS SHOOT REGENERATION; PLUM-POX-VIRUS; DOMESTICA L.; PERSICA; PLANTS; APRICOT; IMPROVE; LEAVES AB We report Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of two Prunus salicina varieties, 'Angeleno' and 'Larry Anne', using a modification of the hypocotyl slice technique previously described for P. domestica. Regeneration rates on thidiazuron (TDZ) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) supplemented Murashige and Skoog (MS) media reached 11% for 'Angeleno' and 19% for 'Larry Anne' hypocotyl slices. Transformation using Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 harboring a plasmid with the neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) and the green fluorescent protein (gfp) genes produced ten independent lines, six from 'Angeleno' and four from 'Larry Anne', representing transformation efficiencies of 0.8 and 0.3%, respectively, relative to the initial number of hypocotyl slices. Plants of six lines were found to produce the transgene encoded mRNAs. DNA blotting demonstrated the presence of transgene sequences in trees from five lines after 18 months of growth in the greenhouse. C1 [Devia, Jessica; Castro, Alvaro; Tapia, Eduardo; Prieto, Humberto] Inst Investi Agropecuarias, La Platina Res Ctr, Santiago, Chile. [Urtubia, Carolina; Aguirre, Carlos] Univ Chile, Agron Sci Fac, Santiago, Chile. [Zamora, Pablo] Univ Santiago Chile, Dept Biol, Chem & Biol Fac, Santiago, Chile. [Barba, Paola; Dell'Orto, Paola; Moynihan, Michael R.] Fdn Chile, Santiago, Chile. [Petri, Cesar; Scorza, Ralph] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP Prieto, H (reprint author), Inst Investi Agropecuarias, La Platina Res Ctr, Santiago, Chile. EM hprieto@inia.cl RI Zamora, Pablo/D-1612-2012; Aguirre, Carlos/H-9886-2013; Prieto, Humberto/B-4400-2008 OI Prieto, Humberto/0000-0002-9013-1906 NR 22 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1333 EP 1340 DI 10.1007/s00299-008-0559-0 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 322NO UT WOS:000257382800007 PM 18493725 ER PT J AU Liu, XM Pijut, PM AF Liu, Xiaomei Pijut, Paula M. TI Plant regeneration from in vitro leaves of mature black cherry (Prunus serotina) SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE adventitious shoots; organogenesis; rooting; silver thiosulphate ID ADVENTITIOUS SHOOT REGENERATION; AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; SILVER THIOSULFATE; LEAF EXPLANTS; BUD DIFFERENTIATION; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; DULCIS MILL.; AVIUM L.; PEACH; GROWTH AB A regeneration system was developed for Prunus serotina from a juvenile (F) and two mature genotypes (#3 and #4). Adventitious shoots regenerated from leaves of in vitro cultures on woody plant medium with thidiazuron (TDZ) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The best regeneration for genotype F (91.4%) was observed on medium with 9.08 mu M TDZ and 1.07 mu M NAA. The highest mean number of shoots (8.2) was obtained on medium containing 9.08 mu M TDZ and 0.54 mu M NAA. Genotype #3 had the highest regeneration (41.7%) with a mean number of shoots (4.8) on 9.08 mu M TDZ and 1.07 mu M NAA, whereas genotype #4 had a 38.8% regeneration with a mean of 3.3 shoots. Genotype #4 had the highest mean number of shoots (4.8) on 4.54 mu M TDZ and 1.07 mu M NAA. Silver thiosulphate at 60 or 80 mu M increased the percent regeneration of the mature genotypes #3 (75%) and #4 (58%). Adventious shoots were rooted (70-76%) and rooted plantlets survived after acclimatization to the greenhouse. The effect of kanamycin concentration on adventitious shoot regeneration was also evaluated. C1 [Pijut, Paula M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, HTIRC, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Liu, Xiaomei] Purdue Univ, HTIRC, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pijut, PM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, HTIRC, 715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ppijut@fs.fed.us RI Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015 NR 32 TC 33 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 94 IS 2 BP 113 EP 123 DI 10.1007/s11240-008-9393-x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 321UK UT WOS:000257331800002 ER PT J AU Montero-Astua, M Vasquez, V Turechek, WW Merz, U Rivera, C AF Montero-Astua, Mauricio Vasquez, Viviana Turechek, William W. Merz, Ueli Rivera, Carmen TI Incidence, distribution, and association of Spongospora subterranea and Potato mop-top virus in Costa Rica SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology ID F-SP SUBTERRANEA; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; SOIL; QUANTIFICATION; INFECTION; FUROVIRUS; ELISA; TRANSMISSION; CULTIVARS; SCOTLAND AB A survey was conducted in 39 potato (Solanum tuberosum) fields in Costa Rica to determine incidence and association of Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea and Potato mop-top pomovirus (PMTV). The fields were located in Costa Rica's two major potato-production regions and were further characterized by their altitude. In all, 633 paired samples of leaf tissue and corresponding tubers were collected, assessed visually for disease, and subsequently assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). S. subterranea presence in tuber tissue was tested by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA and PMTV presence in leaf and tuber tissues was tested by triple-antibody sandwich (TAS)-ELISA. Moreover, soil samples were collected from 10 fields surveyed and were evaluated for both pathogens via ELISA and bioassay. The incidence of both diseases ranged from 0 to 100% within individual fields, with incidences lower than 40% occurring in more than 70% of the fields. Higher incidences were found in fields located at higher altitudes. Of the 633 paired samples, 179 and 146 were positive for PMTV and S. subterranea, respectively, according to ELISA in either the foliage or tubers. A low correlation was found for PMTV visual symptoms and ELISA test results. Only 14 of the 81 foliar samples testing positive for PMTV had visual symptoms; the remaining 67 samples were asymptomatic. Conversely, comparison of visual evaluation with detection of S. subterranea by ELISA on tubers showed that 70% of the results were coincident. S. subterranea was detected in 4 of 10 sol samples tested by ELISA. Soilborne PMTV was detected by ELISA in roots of bait plants sown in these soil samples. Co-occurrence of both pathogens was detected in 64 samples. A significant but low degree of association for vector and virus was determined, and data suggests that S. subterranea is participating in the transmission of PMTV in Costa Rica in low frequency. C1 [Montero-Astua, Mauricio; Vasquez, Viviana] Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Invest Biol Celular & Mol, San Pedro 2060, Costa Rica. [Turechek, William W.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Plant Pathol Unit, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Merz, Ueli] ETH, Inst Integrat Biol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Rivera, Carmen] UCR, CIBCM, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Rivera, Carmen] UCR, Fac Microbiol, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Montero-Astua, M (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Invest Biol Celular & Mol, San Pedro 2060, Costa Rica. EM montero-mau@costarricense.cr RI Merz, Ueli/A-4120-2012 NR 39 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 92 IS 8 BP 1171 EP 1176 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-8-1171 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 330JA UT WOS:000257935700005 ER PT J AU Copes, WE AF Copes, W. E. TI Survival analysis to determine the length of the incubation period of Camellia twig blight caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE dieback; stem blight; stem canker ID GLOMERELLA-CINGULATA; ANTHRACNOSE; STRAWBERRY; HISTOPATHOLOGY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISPERSAL; SEEDLINGS; ACUTATUM; DIEBACK; DISEASE AB Camellia twig blight, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is a disease common to several Camellia species in the southern United States. To determine the potential seasonal differences in incubation periods, stems of Camellia sasanqua 'Rosea' plants grown in pine bark under ambient conditions were wounded and inoculated monthly with C. gloeosporioides mycelium. The time until appearance of the first symptom of disease (incubation period length) was recorded for all stems. Stems that did not display a disease symptom by the last day of the observation period were recorded as censored observations. Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier estimates, Cox proportional hazards, and extended Cox models was used to analyze the data. Incubation period length was regressed against stem diameter, monthly mean hours per day in a specified temperature range (15 to 30 degrees C), and a categorical season variable approximating the four host growth stages (winter dormancy, spring leaf and stem growth, summer stem hardening and bud set, fall cessation of leaf and stem growth and opening of flowers) at the time stems were inoculated. Steins of thicker diameter tended to have greater incubation period length, while higher monthly mean hours per day in the specified temperature range decreased incubation period length. In comparison to winter months, spring, summer, and fall months were all associated with significantly higher risks for disease symptom appearance. The median incubation period lengths for the spring, summer, fall, and winter months were 18, 23, 28, and 57 days, respectively. C1 ARS, USDA, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS USA. [Copes, W. E.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Copes, WE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS USA. EM warren.copes@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 92 IS 8 BP 1177 EP 1182 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-8-1177 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 330JA UT WOS:000257935700006 ER PT J AU Chu, CG Xu, SS Faris, JD Nevo, E Friesen, TL AF Chu, C. -G. Xu, S. S. Faris, J. D. Nevo, E. Friesen, T. L. TI Seedling resistance to tan spot and Stagonospora nodorum leaf blotch in wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides) SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Phaeosphaeria nodorum ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; SEPTORIA GLUME BLOTCH; HOST-SELECTIVE TOXIN; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; RUST RESISTANCE; CAUSAL AGENT; GREAT-PLAINS; COMMON WHEAT; PTR TOXA AB Tan spot and Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB), caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Stagonospora nodorum, respectively, are two destructive foliar diseases of wheat, causing significant yield reduction worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate 172 accessions of wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides) for seedling resistance to tan spot and SNB. All accessions were inoculated with P. tritici-repentis race I and a mixture of three diverse isolates of S. nodorum, respectively. The accessions were also evaluated for sensitivity to host-selective toxins (HSTs), including ToxA produced by both S. nodorum and P. tritici-repentis and culture filtrate produced by S. nodorum. A total of 34 accessions were resistant to tan spot, and 136 accessions were resistant to SNB. Among these accessions, 31 were resistant to both diseases. Significant correlations between HST insensitivity and disease resistance were observed. Our results showed that T dicoccoides is a good genetic source of resistance to tan spot and SNB in wheat. C1 [Xu, S. S.; Faris, J. D.; Friesen, T. L.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND USA. [Chu, C. -G.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND USA. [Nevo, E.] Univ Haifa, Inst Evolut, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. RP Friesen, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND USA. EM timothy.friesen@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 92 IS 8 BP 1229 EP 1236 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-8-1229 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 330JA UT WOS:000257935700014 ER PT J AU Kolmer, JA Long, DL Hughes, ME AF Kolmer, J. A. Long, D. L. Hughes, M. E. TI Physiologic specialization of Puccinia triticina on wheat in the United States in 2006 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; LEAF RUST RESISTANCE; SPRING WHEAT; PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; 2 POPULATIONS; RECONDITA; VIRULENCE; CANADA; CULTIVARS; GENETICS AB Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust-infected leaves provided by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat fields and nurseries in the Great Plains, Ohio River Valley, southeast, California, and Washington State in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust population in 2006. Single uredinial isolates (718 in total) were derived from the collections and tested for virulence phenotype on lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3a, Lr9, Lr-16, Lr24, Lr26 Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr17a, Lr30, LrB, Lr10, Lr14a, Lr18, Lr2, and Lr28 and winter wheat lines with genes Lr41 and Lr42. In the United States in 2006, 56 virulence phenotypes were found. Virulence phenotypes TDBJG, TDBGG, and TDBJH were among the four most common phenotypes and were all virulent to resistance gene Lr24. These phenotypes were found throughout the Great Plains region. Phenotype MLDSD with virulence to Lr9, Lr17, and Lr41 was also widely distributed in the Great Plains. In the soft red winter wheat region of the southeastern states, phenotypes TCRKG and MBRKG with virulence to genes Lr11, Lr26, and Lr18 were among the common phenotypes. Virulence phenotypes with virulence to Lr16 were most frequent in the spring wheat region of the northern Great Plains. Virulence to Lr21 was not found in any of the tested isolates. C1 [Kolmer, J. A.; Long, D. L.; Hughes, M. E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN USA. EM jkolmer@umn.edu NR 23 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 92 IS 8 BP 1241 EP 1246 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-8-1241 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 330JA UT WOS:000257935700016 ER PT J AU Mekuria, T Martin, RR Naidu, RA AF Mekuria, T. Martin, R. R. Naidu, R. A. TI First report of the occurrence of Grapevine fanleaf virus in Washington State vineyards SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Mekuria, T.; Naidu, R. A.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Prosser, WA USA. [Martin, R. R.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Mekuria, T (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Prosser, WA USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 92 IS 8 BP 1250 EP 1250 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-8-1250A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 330JA UT WOS:000257935700026 ER PT J AU Polston, JE Hladky, LL Akad, F Wintermantel, WM AF Polston, J. E. Hladky, L. L. Akad, F. Wintermantel, W. M. TI First report of Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus in cucurbits in Florida SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LEAF-CRUMPLE-VIRUS; DEGENERATE PRIMERS C1 [Polston, J. E.; Akad, F.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Hladky, L. L.; Wintermantel, W. M.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA USA. RP Polston, JE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 92 IS 8 BP 1251 EP 1251 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-8-1251B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 330JA UT WOS:000257935700030 ER PT J AU Gudmestad, NC Mallik, I Pasche, JS Crosslin, JM AF Gudmestad, N. C. Mallik, I. Pasche, J. S. Crosslin, J. M. TI First report of Tobacco rattle virus causing corky ringspot in potatoes grown in Minnesota and Wisconsin SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Gudmestad, N. C.; Mallik, I.; Pasche, J. S.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND USA. [Crosslin, J. M.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA USA. RP Gudmestad, NC (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 92 IS 8 BP 1254 EP 1254 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-8-1254C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 330JA UT WOS:000257935700039 ER PT J AU Tian, T Liu, HY Koike, ST AF Tian, T. Liu, H. -Y. Koike, S. T. TI First report of Apium virus Y on cilantro, celery, and parsley in California SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID FAMILY C1 [Tian, T.] Plant Pest Diagnost Ctr, Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Liu, H. -Y.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA USA. [Koike, S. T.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA USA. RP Tian, T (reprint author), Plant Pest Diagnost Ctr, Calif Dept Food & Agr, 3942 Meadowview Rd, Sacramento, CA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 92 IS 8 BP 1254 EP 1254 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-8-1254B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 330JA UT WOS:000257935700038 ER PT J AU Tian, T Liu, HY Koike, ST AF Tian, T. Liu, H. -Y. Koike, S. T. TI First report of black raspberry necrosis virus in Rubus canadensis in Tennessee SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Tian, T.] Plant Pest Diagnost Ctr, Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Liu, H. -Y.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA USA. [Koike, S. T.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA USA. RP Tian, T (reprint author), Plant Pest Diagnost Ctr, Calif Dept Food & Agr, 3942 Meadowview Rd, Sacramento, CA USA. OI Sabanadzovic, Sead/0000-0002-2995-2633 NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 92 IS 8 BP 1254 EP 1254 DI 10.1094/PDIS-92-8-1254A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 330JA UT WOS:000257935700037 ER PT J AU Elliott, KJ Swank, WT AF Elliott, Katherine J. Swank, Wayne T. TI Long-term changes in forest composition and diversity following early logging (1919-1923) and the decline of American chestnut (Castanea dentata) SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Quercus prinus; Quercus rubra; Tsuga canadensis; disturbance; disease pandemic; long-term data ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN FOREST; WESTERN NORTH-CAROLINA; GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS; NATURAL REPLACEMENT; DOGWOOD ANTHRACNOSE; SOLAR-RADIATION; NATIONAL-PARK; MARSH BORKH; BLIGHT AB Chestnut blight fungus (Endothia parasitica [Murr.] P.J. And. & H.W. And.)) is a classic example of an invasive species, which severely damaged populations of its host, Castanea dentata, and had widespread and long-term impacts on eastern North American forests. Concurrently, forests were further disturbed by lumbering, which was common across the region from the mid 1800s to the early 1900s. In 1926, local infestations of chestnut blight were reported in the Coweeta Basin, Southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina. We used permanent plot inventories of the Basin (first sampled in 1934 and twice afterward in 1969-72 and 1988-93) to describe the distribution of species along a complex environmental gradient. Specifically, we asked: How does vegetation change over approximately 60 years following logging and the demise of C. dentata? Does the association between vegetation and environment determine the pattern of species distributions through time? Which species replaced C. dentata across this complex environmental gradient? We used nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination and multiresponse permutation procedure for the analyses of the inventory periods. In 1934, C. dentata was the most important species in the Coweeta Basin. It was present in 98% of the plots and contributed 22% of the total density and 36% of the total basal area. Diversity increased significantly over time and was attributed to an increase in evenness of species distribution. The canopy dominant, C. dentata, was replaced by more than one species across the environmental gradient. Importance values of Quercus prinus, Acer rubrum, Cornus florida, Tsuga canadensis, and Oxydendrum arboreum increased by 2-5% across the basin following the decline of C. dentata. Tsuga canadensis increased in abundance and distribution, especially near streams across elevations. Liriodendron tulipifera replaced C. dentata in moist coves, which have low terrain shape and high organic matter content. In contrast, Q. prinus and A. rubrum were ubiquitous, much like C. dentata before the chestnut blight becoming dominant or co-dominant species across all environmental conditions. C1 [Elliott, Katherine J.; Swank, Wayne T.] Forest Serv, USDA, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, So Res Stn, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Elliott, KJ (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, So Res Stn, 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM kelliott@fs.fed.us NR 77 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 6 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 197 IS 2 BP 155 EP 172 DI 10.1007/s11258-007-9352-3 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 315XO UT WOS:000256913700001 ER PT J AU Drury, SA Veblen, TT AF Drury, S. A. Veblen, T. T. TI Spatial and temporal variability in fire occurrence within the Las Bayas Forestry Reserve, Durango, Mexico SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mexico; fire; climate variability; land-use changes; forest ecology; disturbance ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; COLORADO-FRONT-RANGE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; REGIMES; USA; RECONSTRUCTION; PRECIPITATION; HISTORY; CALIFORNIA; MOUNTAINS AB Patterns of fire occurrence within the Las Bayas Forestry Reserve, Mexico are analyzed in relation to variability in climate, topography, and human land-use. Significantly more fires with shorter fire return intervals occurred from 1900 to 1950 than from 1950 to 2001. However, the frequency of widespread fire years (25% filter) was unchanged over time, as widespread fires were synchronized by climatic extremes. Widespread fire years occurred during dry years that lagged wet years. Widespread fire years lagged the negative El Nino phase (wet winters) of the Southern Oscillation by 1 year, but were not synchronized by the positive, La Nina phase (dry winters) of the Southern Oscillation. The smaller, localized fires that occurred more frequently during the first half of the 20th century were attributed to changes in land tenure with the introduction of the ejido system in the early 1950s. Ejido management strategies lowered fire frequencies by suppressing fires and reducing anthropogenic fires. There were likely more ignitions prior to the arrival of the ejido system as fires were ignited by lightning and indigenous people. As the movement of indigenous peoples across the landscape has been restricted by changes in land tenure, numbers of human-ignited fires subsequently decreased post 1950. After 1950, fires occurred less frequently, were more synchronized, and more restricted to years of extreme climate. C1 [Drury, S. A.; Veblen, T. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Drury, SA (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula Fire Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 5777 W Hwy 10, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM sdrury41@hotmail.com NR 47 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 EI 1573-5052 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 197 IS 2 BP 299 EP 316 DI 10.1007/s11258-007-9379-5 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 315XO UT WOS:000256913700013 ER PT J AU Harmon, F Imaizumi, T Gray, WM AF Harmon, Frank Imaizumi, Takato Gray, William M. TI CUL1 regulates TOC1 protein stability in the Arabidopsis circadian clock SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circadian rhythms; CUL1; post-translational regulation; ubiquitin ligase; proteasome; Arabidopsis ID F-BOX PROTEIN; PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL; GENE-EXPRESSION; PLANTS; RHYTHMS; THALIANA; COMPLEX; RESPONSES; ZEITLUPE; ENCODES AB The circadian clock is the endogenous timer that coordinates physiological processes with daily and seasonal environmental changes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, establishment of the circadian period relies on targeted degradation of TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1) by the 26S proteasome. ZEITLUPE (ZTL) is the F-box protein that associates with the SCF (Skp/Cullin/F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase that is responsible for marking TOC1 for turnover. CULLIN1 (CUL1) is a core component of SCF complexes and is involved in multiple signaling pathways. To assess the contribution of CUL1-containing SCF complexes to signaling within the plant oscillator, circadian rhythms were examined in the recessive, temperature-sensitive CUL1 allele axr6-3. The activity of CUL1 in this mutant declines progressively with increasing ambient temperature, resulting in more severe defects in CUL1-dependent activities at elevated temperature. Examination of circadian rhythms in axr6-3 revealed circadian phenotypes comparable to those observed in ztl null mutants; namely, lengthened circadian period, altered expression of core oscillator genes, and limited degradation of TOC1. In addition, treatment of seedlings with exogenous auxin did not alter TOC1 stability. These results demonstrate that CUL1 is required for TOC1 degradation and further suggest that this protein is the functional cullin for the SCF(ZTL) complex. C1 [Harmon, Frank] USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Harmon, Frank] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Imaizumi, Takato] Univ Calif San Diego, Sect Cell & Dev Biol, Div Biol Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Gray, William M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Harmon, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM fharmon@nature.berkeley.edu RI Gray, William/F-9402-2010 OI Gray, William/0000-0002-1320-290X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM067203, GM56006, GM67837, GM079712, R01 GM056006, R01 GM067203, R01 GM067203-04, R01 GM067837, R01 GM079712, R01 GM079712-02] NR 57 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 4 BP 568 EP 579 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03527.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 335JU UT WOS:000258287700003 PM 18433436 ER PT J AU Fu, JM Peterson, K Guttieri, M Souza, E Raboy, V AF Fu, Jianming Peterson, Kevin Guttieri, Mary Souza, Edward Raboy, Victor TI Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) inositol monophosphatase: gene structure and enzyme characteristics SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE inositol; phytic acid; seed development ID MYOINOSITOL MONOPHOSPHATASE; GENOMIC STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; BIPOLAR DISORDER; DEVELOPING SEEDS; ACID; EXPRESSION; BIOSYNTHESIS; PHOSPHATASE; PROTEIN AB The cellular myo-inositol (Ins) pool is important to many metabolic and signaling pathways in plants. Ins monophosphatase (IMPase; EC 3.1.3.25) activity is essential for the de novo synthesis of myo-Inositol (Ins), and for recycling of Ins in Ins(1,4,5)P-3. However, proteins encoded by at least one family of IMP genes also have L-galactose-1-P phosphatase activity important to ascorbic acid synthesis, indicating a bifunctionality that links these two branches of carbon metabolism. As part of research into the regulation of Ins synthesis and supply during seed development, the barley IMP-1 gene and gene products were studied. The 1.4 kb barley IMP-1 promoter contains one low temperature response element (RE), two heat shock REs, one gibberellin and two auxin REs, and five sugar REs. Barley IMP-1 is expressed in all tissues assayed, and expression levels were not greatly altered by abiotic stress treatments. Reduced use of Ins for Ins P-6 synthesis in developing seed of barley low phytic acid (lpa) mutants results in Ins accumulation, and IMP-1 expression is reduced in proportion to the increase in Ins level. The barley recombinant enzyme had a lower K-m, indicating higher affinity, for D/L-Ins(3)P-1 (K-m = 9.7 mu M) as compared with reported K-m (Ins P-1) values for other eukaryotic IMPases (43-330 mu M) or with a reported K-m (L-Gal-1P) of 150 mu M for a kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) enzyme. These and other data indicate that the barley IMP-1 gene is regulated at least in part in response to Ins metabolic needs, and that the enzyme it encodes displays catalytic properties well suited for a role in Ins synthesis, in addition to other roles as an L-gal-1-P phosphatase important to ascorbate synthesis, or as an IMPase important to Ins(1,4,5)P-3 signal recycling. C1 [Peterson, Kevin; Raboy, Victor] USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Fu, Jianming; Guttieri, Mary; Souza, Edward] Univ Idaho, Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Raboy, V (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM victor.raboy@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 EI 1573-5028 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 67 IS 6 BP 629 EP 642 DI 10.1007/s11103-008-9343-3 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 318WX UT WOS:000257124600006 PM 18493722 ER PT J AU Riccioni, L Inman, A Magnus, HA Valvassori, M Porta-Puglia, A Conca, G Giambattista, G Hughes, K Coates, M Bowyer, R Barnes, A Sansford, CE Razzaghian, J Prince, A Peterson, GL AF Riccioni, L. Inman, A. Magnus, H. A. Valvassori, M. Porta-Puglia, A. Conca, G. Di Giambattista, G. Hughes, K. Coates, M. Bowyer, R. Barnes, A. Sansford, C. E. Razzaghian, J. Prince, A. Peterson, G. L. TI Susceptibility of European bread and durum wheat cultivars to Tilletia indica SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Karnal bunt; Pest Risk Analysis; physiological and morphological susceptibility; Triticum aestivum; Triticum durum ID KARNAL BUNT; UNITED-STATES; TELIOSPORE GERMINATION; INOCULATION; DISEASE; MEXICO AB Representative European wheat cultivars were tested under quarantine containment for their susceptibility to Tilletia indica, the cause of Karnal bunt of wheat. Fifteen winter and 15 spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) and 11 durum wheat (Triticum durum) cultivars were inoculated by boot injection just prior to ear emergence to test their physiological susceptibility. Selected cultivars were then re-tested by spray inoculation after ear emergence to determine their morphological susceptibility, which is a better predictor of field susceptibility. At maturity, the ears and seeds were assessed for incidence and severity of disease. For the physiological susceptibility tests, 13/15 winter wheat cultivars were infected and the percentage of infected seeds ranged from 1 to 32%. For spring cultivars, 13/15 cultivars were infected and the percentage of infected seeds ranged from 1 to 48%. For the durum cultivars, 9/11 were infected and the percentage of infected seeds ranged from 2 to 95%. Across all cultivars, 35/41 were infected. Based on historical Karnal bunt susceptibility categories using coefficients of infection, one cultivar was classed as highly susceptible, three as susceptible, 11 as moderately susceptible, 20 as resistant and only six as highly resistant. The spray-inoculation morphological susceptibility tests broadly confirmed the physiological susceptibility results, although lower levels of infection were observed. Overall, the range of susceptibility was similar to that found in cultivars grown in Karnal bunt affected countries. The results demonstrate that European wheat cultivars are susceptible to T. indica and thus could potentially support the establishment of T. indica if introduced into Europe. C1 [Riccioni, L.; Valvassori, M.; Porta-Puglia, A.; Conca, G.; Di Giambattista, G.] CRA Ctr Ric Patol Vegetale, I-00156 Rome, Italy. [Inman, A.; Hughes, K.; Coates, M.; Bowyer, R.; Barnes, A.; Sansford, C. E.] Cent Sci Lab, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. [Razzaghian, J.; Prince, A.] Plant Hlth & Plant Protect Div, N-1432 As, Norway. [Peterson, G. L.] ARS, USDA, FD WSRU, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Riccioni, L (reprint author), CRA Ctr Ric Patol Vegetale, Via CG Bertero 22, I-00156 Rome, Italy. EM luca.riccioni@entecra.it NR 45 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 57 IS 4 BP 612 EP 622 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2008.01830.x PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 328FX UT WOS:000257784900003 ER PT J AU Klein, MA Sekimoto, H Milner, MJ Kochian, LV AF Klein, Melinda A. Sekimoto, Hitoshi Milner, Matthew J. Kochian, Leon V. TI Investigation of heavy metal hyperaccumulation at the cellular level: development and characterization of Thlaspi caerulescens suspension cell lines SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-HALLERI; ZINC HOMEOSTASIS; PLANT-REGENERATION; TRANSPORTER GENES; CADMIUM; THALIANA; LEAF; ZN; TRANSLOCATION; EXPRESSION AB The ability of Thlaspi caerulescens, a zinc (Zn)/cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator, to accumulate extremely high foliar concentrations of toxic heavy metals requires coordination of uptake, transport, and sequestration to avoid damage to the photosynthetic machinery. The study of these metal hyperaccumulation processes at the cellular level in T. caerulescens has been hampered by the lack of a cellular system that mimics the whole plant, is easily transformable, and competent for longer term studies. Therefore, to better understand the contribution of the cellular physiology and molecular biology to Zn/Cd hyperaccumulation in the intact plant, T. caerulescens suspension cell lines were developed. Differences in cellular metal tolerance and accumulation between the cell lines of T. caerulescens and the related nonhyperaccumulator, Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana), were examined. A number of Zn/Cd transport-related differences between T. caerulescens and Arabidopsis cell lines were identified that also are seen in the whole plant. T. caerulescens suspension cell lines exhibited: ( 1) higher growth requirements for Zn; ( 2) much greater Zn and Cd tolerance; ( 3) enhanced expression of specific metal transport-related genes; and ( 4) significant differences in metal fluxes compared with Arabidopsis. One interesting feature exhibited by the T. caerulescens cell lines was that they accumulated less Zn and Cd than the Arabidopsis cell lines, most likely due to a greater metal efflux. This finding suggests that the T. caerulescens suspension cells represent cells of the Zn/Cd transport pathway between the root epidermis and leaf. We also show it is possible to stably transform T. caerulescens suspension cells, which will allow us to alter the expression of candidate hyperaccumulation genes and thus dissect the molecular and physiological processes underlying metal hyperaccumulation in T. caerulescens. C1 [Klein, Melinda A.; Sekimoto, Hitoshi; Milner, Matthew J.; Kochian, Leon V.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kochian, LV (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lvk1@cornell.edu RI Milner, Matthew/M-2430-2014 OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X; Milner, Matthew/0000-0001-9184-7423 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 147 IS 4 BP 2006 EP 2016 DI 10.1104/pp.108.119719 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 333WR UT WOS:000258184800048 PM 18550685 ER PT J AU Chanda, B Venugopal, SC Kulshrestha, S Navarre, DA Downie, B Vaillancourt, L Kachroo, A Kachroo, P AF Chanda, Bidisha Venugopal, Srivathsa C. Kulshrestha, Saurabh Navarre, Duroy A. Downie, Bruce Vaillancourt, Lisa Kachroo, Aardra Kachroo, Pradeep TI Glycerol-3-phosphate levels are associated with basal resistance to the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum in Arabidopsis SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; TURNIP-CRINKLE-VIRUS; FATTY-ACID LEVELS; DEFENSE RESPONSES; SALICYLIC-ACID; GLYCEROLIPID METABOLISM; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; ABIOTIC STRESS; GENE AB Glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) is an important component of carbohydrate and lipid metabolic processes. In this article, we provide evidence that G3P levels in plants are associated with defense to a hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum. Inoculation of Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana) with C. higginsianum was correlated with an increase in G3P levels and a concomitant decrease in glycerol levels in the host. Plants impaired in utilization of plastidial G3P (act1) accumulated elevated levels of pathogen-induced G3P and displayed enhanced resistance. Furthermore, overexpression of the host GLY1 gene, which encodes a G3P dehydrogenase (G3Pdh), conferred enhanced resistance. In contrast, the gly1 mutant accumulated reduced levels of G3P after pathogen inoculation and showed enhanced susceptibility to C. higginsianum. Unlike gly1, a mutation in a cytosolic isoform of G3Pdh did not alter basal resistance to C. higginsianum. Furthermore, act1 gly1 double-mutant plants were as susceptible as the gly1 plants. Increased resistance or susceptibility of act1 and gly1 plants to C. higginsianum, respectively, was not due to effects of these mutations on salicylic acid- or ethylene-mediated defense pathways. The act1 mutation restored a wild-type-like response in camalexin-deficient pad3 plants, which were hypersusceptible to C. higginsianum. These data suggest that G3P-associated resistance to C. higginsianum occurs independently or downstream of the camalexin pathway. Together, these results suggest a novel and specific link between G3P metabolism and plant defense. C1 [Chanda, Bidisha; Venugopal, Srivathsa C.; Kulshrestha, Saurabh; Vaillancourt, Lisa; Kachroo, Aardra; Kachroo, Pradeep] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Downie, Bruce] Univ Kentucky, Dept Hort, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Navarre, Duroy A.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Kachroo, P (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM pk62@uky.edu NR 60 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 147 IS 4 BP 2017 EP 2029 DI 10.1104/pp.108.121335 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 333WR UT WOS:000258184800049 PM 18567828 ER PT J AU Turley, RB Taliercio, E AF Turley, Rickie B. Taliercio, Earl TI Cotton benzoquinone reductase: Up-regulation during early fiber development and heterologous expression and characterization in Pichia pastoris SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE benzoquinone reductase; fiber development; Gossypium hirsutum; quinones; Pichia pastoris ID BASIDIOMYCETE PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L; 1,4-BENZOQUINONE REDUCTASE; PARASITIC ANGIOSPERMS; PROTEINS; OXIDOREDUCTASE; ELONGATION; GENE; ESTS AB Benzoquinone reductase (BR; EC 1.6.5.7) is an enzyme which catalyzes the bivalent redox reactions of quinones without the production of free radical intermediates. Using 2D-PAGE comparisons, two proteins were found to be up-regulated in wild-type cotton ovules during the fiber initiation stage but not in the fiberless line SL 1-7-1. These proteins were excised from the gel, partially sequenced and identified to be BR isoforms. PCR was used to amplify both full length coding regions of 609 bp and once cloned, the restriction enzyme HindIII was used to distinguish the clones encoding the BR1 (one site) and BR2 (two sites) isoforms. Both deduced protein sequences had 203 residues which differed at 14 residues. The molecular mass and pIs were similar between the measured protein (2D-PAGE) and the theoretical protein (deduced). Heterologous proteins BR1 and BR2 were produced for further study by ligating the BR1 and BR2 clones in frame into the a-factor secretion sequence in pPICZ alpha A vector and expressed with Pichia pastoris. Both BRI and BR2 were approximately 26.5 kDa and did enzymatically reduce 2,6-dimethoxybenzoquinone similar to the fungal BR. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Turley, Rickie B.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Taliercio, Earl] USDA ARS, Soybean & Nitrogen Fixat Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Turley, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rick.turley@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD AUG-SEP PY 2008 VL 46 IS 8-9 BP 780 EP 785 DI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.04.016 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 350YO UT WOS:000259390000007 PM 18534861 ER PT J AU Alvarez, NMB Peralta, IE Salas, A Spooner, DM AF Alvarez, N. M. B. Peralta, I. E. Salas, A. Spooner, D. M. TI A morphological study of species boundaries of the wild potato Solanum brevicaule complex: replicated field trials in Peru SO PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE phenetics; replicated field trials; Solanum brevicaule complex; Solanum sect; Petota ID SECT. PETOTA; SOLANACEAE; COLLAPSE AB The Solanum brevicaule complex contains about 20 species of diploids (2n = 2x = 24), tetraploids (2n = 4x = 48) and hexaploids (2n = 6x = 72), distributed from central Peru south to northwestern Argentina. The complex is defined entirely by morphological similarity of its constituent members, which are very similar to each other and to some landraces of the cultivated potato, Solanum tuberosum. Conflicting taxonomic treatments are common among authors. Species boundaries within the complex have been studied with morphological phenetics from germplasm accessions planted in a field plot in the north central US, and with molecular marker data from RAPDs, low-copy nuclear RFLPs, and AFLPs. The present study compares these results with an additional replicated morphological study of the same germplasm accessions in a greenhouse environment in the high Andes of central Peru. The results support extensive reduction of species in the complex. C1 [Alvarez, N. M. B.; Spooner, D. M.] Univ Wisconsin, ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit,Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Peralta, I. E.] Natl Univ Cuyo, Dept Agron, RA-5505 Mendoza, Argentina. [Peralta, I. E.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, IADIZA, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. [Salas, A.] Int Potato Ctr, Lima 1558, Peru. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit,Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM nalvarez@darwin.edu.ar; iperalta@lab.cricyt.edu.ar; a.salas@cgiar.org; david.spooner@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0378-2697 J9 PLANT SYST EVOL JI Plant Syst. Evol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 274 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1007/s00606-008-0023-1 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 335IZ UT WOS:000258285600004 ER PT J AU Jung, KH Lee, J Dardick, C Seo, YS Cao, P Canlas, P Phetsom, J Xu, X Ouyang, S An, K Cho, YJ Lee, GC Lee, Y An, G Ronald, PC AF Jung, Ki-Hong Lee, Jinwon Dardick, Chris Seo, Young-Su Cao, Peijian Canlas, Patrick Phetsom, Jirapa Xu, Xia Ouyang, Shu An, Kyungsook Cho, Yun-Ja Lee, Geun-Cheol Lee, Yoosook An, Gynheung Ronald, Pamela C. TI Identification and Functional Analysis of Light-Responsive Unique Genes and Gene Family Members in Rice SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT; MEVALONATE-INDEPENDENT PATHWAY; GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS; ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; CHLOROPLAST DEVELOPMENT; MICROARRAY DATA; HIGHER-PLANTS; MEP PATHWAY; NONMEVALONATE PATHWAY AB Functional redundancy limits detailed analysis of genes in many organisms. Here, we report a method to efficiently overcome this obstacle by combining gene expression data with analysis of gene-indexed mutants. Using a rice NSF45K oligo-microarray to compare 2-week-old light- and dark-grown rice leaf tissue, we identified 365 genes that showed significant 8-fold or greater induction in the light relative to dark conditions. We then screened collections of rice T-DNA insertional mutants to identify rice lines with mutations in the strongly light- induced genes. From this analysis, we identified 74 different lines comprising two independent mutant lines for each of 37 light- induced genes. This list was further refined by mining gene expression data to exclude genes that had potential functional redundancy due to co-expressed family members (12 genes) and genes that had inconsistent light responses across other publicly available microarray datasets (five genes). We next characterized the phenotypes of rice lines carrying mutations in ten of the remaining candidate genes and then carried out co-expression analysis associated with these genes. This analysis effectively provided candidate functions for two genes of previously unknown function and for one gene not directly linked to the tested biochemical pathways. These data demonstrate the efficiency of combining gene family-based expression profiles with analyses of insertional mutants to identify novel genes and their functions, even among members of multi-gene families. C1 [Jung, Ki-Hong; Seo, Young-Su; Cao, Peijian; Canlas, Patrick; Phetsom, Jirapa; Xu, Xia; Ronald, Pamela C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lee, Jinwon; An, Kyungsook; Cho, Yun-Ja; An, Gynheung] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Funct Genom Ctr, Pohang, South Korea. [Dardick, Chris] ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, Kearneysville, WV USA. [Ouyang, Shu] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD USA. [Lee, Geun-Cheol] Konkuk Univ, Coll Business Adm, Seoul, South Korea. [Lee, Yoosook] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol Immunol & Microbiol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Jung, KH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pcronald@ucdavis.edu FU National Science Foundation Plant Genome Program [DBI0313887]; USDA [2004-35604-14226]; NIH [5R01GM055962-0]; Biogreen 21 Program [20070401-034-001-007-03-00]; Ministry of Science and Technology [M10600000270-06J0000-27010]; Korea Research Foundation [KRF-2005-C00155]; Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds FX This research was funded in part by a competitive grants from the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Program (award: #DBI0313887), the USDA (#2004-35604-14226) and the NIH (#5R01GM055962-0) to PCR, a grant from the Biogreen 21 Program (20070401-034-001-007-03-00) to GA, and a grant from the National Research Laboratory Program funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology (M10600000270-06J0000-27010) to GA. KHJ was supported by a Korea Research Foundation Grant (KRF-2005-C00155). Support was also provided by the Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds. NR 88 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 4 IS 8 AR e1000164 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000164 PG 19 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 365MN UT WOS:000260410800014 PM 18725934 ER PT J AU Oka, Y Matsushita, T Mochizuki, N Quail, PH Nagatani, A AF Oka, Yoshito Matsushita, Tomonao Mochizuki, Nobuyoshi Quail, Peter H. Nagatani, Akira TI Mutant Screen Distinguishes between Residues Necessary for Light-Signal Perception and Signal Transfer by Phytochrome B SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SEEDLING DE-ETIOLATION; PLANT PHOTORECEPTORS PHYTOCHROME; N-TERMINAL DOMAIN; TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR; RED-LIGHT; TRANSGENIC ARABIDOPSIS; REGULATORY ACTIVITY; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; INTERACTING FACTOR AB The phytochromes (phyA to phyE) are a major plant photoreceptor family that regulate a diversity of developmental processes in response to light. The N-terminal 651-amino acid domain of phyB (N651), which binds an open tetrapyrrole chromophore, acts to perceive and transduce regulatory light signals in the cell nucleus. The N651 domain comprises several subdomains: the N-terminal extension, the Per/Arnt/Sim (PAS)-like subdomain (PLD), the cGMP phosphodiesterase/adenyl cyclase/FhlA (GAF) subdomain, and the phytochrome (PHY) subdomain. To define functional roles for these subdomains, we mutagenized an Arabidopsis thaliana line expressing N651 fused in tandem to green fluorescent protein, beta-glucuronidase, and a nuclear localization signal. A large-scale screen for long hypocotyl mutants identified 14 novel intragenic missense mutations in the N651 moiety. These new mutations, along with eight previously identified mutations, were distributed throughout N651, indicating that each subdomain has an important function. In vitro analysis of the spectral properties of these mutants enabled them to be classified into two principal classes: light-signal perception mutants (those with defective spectral activity), and signaling mutants (those normal in light perception but defective in intracellular signal transfer). Most spectral mutants were found in the GAF and PHY subdomains. On the other hand, the signaling mutants tend to be located in the N-terminal extension and PLD. These observations indicate that the N-terminal extension and PLD are mainly involved in signal transfer, but that the C-terminal GAF and PHY subdomains are responsible for light perception. Among the signaling mutants, R110Q, G111D, G112D, and R325K were particularly interesting. Alignment with the recently described three-dimensional structure of the PAS-GAF domain of a bacterial phytochrome suggests that these four mutations reside in the vicinity of the phytochrome light-sensing knot. C1 [Oka, Yoshito; Matsushita, Tomonao; Mochizuki, Nobuyoshi; Nagatani, Akira] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Biol, Kyoto, Japan. [Oka, Yoshito; Quail, Peter H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Oka, Yoshito; Quail, Peter H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Matsushita, Tomonao] Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Matsushita, Tomonao] Kyushu Univ, Org Promot Adv Res, Fukuoka 812, Japan. RP Oka, Y (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Biol, Kyoto, Japan. EM nagatani@physiol.bot.kyoto-u.ac.jp FU Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research [17370018]; Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas [17084002]; Grant-in-Aid for 21st Century COE Research, Kyoto University [A14]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Novartis Foundation (Japan) for the Promotion of Science; Inoue Research Award for Young Scientists; Kyoto University-VBL; National Institutes of Health [GM-47475]; Department of Energy [DEFG03-87ER13742]; USDA Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System [5335-21000-017-00D] FX This work was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) 17370018 (to AN), a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas 17084002 (to AN) and a Grant-in-Aid for 21st Century COE Research, Kyoto University (A14) (to AN). TM is a Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. TM was also supported by a research grant from The Novartis Foundation (Japan) for the Promotion of Science, an Inoue Research Award for Young Scientists, and a Grant-in-Aid for Research for Young Researchers from Kyoto University-VBL. Research in the laboratory of PHQ is supported by National Institutes of Health Grant GM-47475, Department of Energy Grant DEFG03-87ER13742, and USDA Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System Grant 5335-21000-017-00D. NR 54 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 4 IS 8 AR e1000158 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000158 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 365MN UT WOS:000260410800022 PM 18704165 ER PT J AU Haagenson, DM Klotz, KL Campbell, L AF Haagenson, Darrin M. Klotz, Karen L. Campbell, Larry TI Impact of storage temperature, storage duration, and harvest date on sugarbeet raffinose metabolism SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beta vulgaris L.; galactinol synthase; alpha-galactosidase; postharvest storage; raffinose synthase ID GALACTINOL SYNTHASE; FAMILY OLIGOSACCHARIDES; ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE; DEVELOPING SEEDS; AJUGA-REPTANS; COLD; ACCUMULATION; EXPRESSION; ALFALFA; PURIFICATION AB Raffinose negatively impacts sugarbeet (Beta vulgars L.) processing by decreasing extractable sucrose yield and altering sucrose crystal morphology which reduces filtration rates and slows processing. Although increased raffinose concentrations have been observed during cold storage, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms associated with raffinose accumulation in sugarbeet are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to characterize the impact of storage temperature, storage duration, and harvest date on raffinose metabolism. Field-grown sugar beets were harvested 7 September, 27 September, and 26 October 2004, and stored for 2, 10, or 18 weeks at 2 degrees C or 6 degrees C. Raffinose concentrations were approximately double at 2 weeks of storage, nearly threefold higher at 10 weeks, and decreased slightly at 18 weeks. Delaying harvest date increased raffinose concentration at harvest (0 weeks), but decreased concentrations at 18 weeks of storage. Storage temperature did not affect crown raffinose concentrations, but root tissues stored at 2 degrees C had 19% higher raffinose concentrations than at 6 degrees C. Biosynthetic or catabolic enzyme activities accounted for less than 15% of the variation in raffinose content in storage, although a small positive correlation (r = 0.28) between raffinose synthase activity and raffinose concentration in root tissues was observed. Galactinol synthase was highly expressed in tissues collected in late October and at 2 weeks of storage, and alpha-galactosidase activity increased 55% in roots stored for 18 weeks at 6 degrees C. Factors contributing to sugarbeet raffinose accumulation in storage are complex as raffinose concentrations were impacted by storage duration, harvest date, and storage temperature. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Haagenson, Darrin M.; Klotz, Karen L.; Campbell, Larry] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Klotz, KL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677,Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM karen.klotz@ars.usda.gov OI Fugate, Karen/0000-0001-9543-6832 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 EI 1873-2356 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 2 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2008.02.007 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 322HA UT WOS:000257364600004 ER PT J AU Leesch, JG Smilanick, JL Tebbets, JS AF Leesch, James G. Smilanick, Joseph L. Tebbets, J. Steven TI Methyl bromide fumigation of packed table grapes: Effect of shipping box on gas concentrations and phytotoxicity SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fumigation; postharvest; quarantine; export; grapes; methyl bromide; TKV; EPS; shipping box; phytotoxicity; sorption; C x T product AB Current methyl bromide (MB) schedules for table grapes to control pests of quarantine significance are approved for fruit packed in Toyon Kraft Veneer (TKV) boxes. The question arose concerning equivalence of exposure to MB if an expanded polystyrene (EPS) box was used in lieu of the TKV box for table grapes being shipped to foreign countries. Fumigations of 'Crimson Seedless' table grapes packed in either EPS or TKV boxes were conducted for comparison of MB gas concentrations and fruit quality using Australian (AQIS) MB treatment schedules. Methyl bromide exposure expressed as the concentration x time (C x T) product (g h m(-3)) was the same or higher for the EPS box compared to the TKV box. Methyl bromide gas concentrations were higher for EPS boxes at the start of the fumigation, but lower than TKV boxes at the end of the exposure period (2 h) due to a higher sorption rate of MB into the EPS Styrofoam(R) material. Evaluation of fruit quality showed internal browning, a typical characteristic of MB phytotoxicity, was absent or very low (<1.7% of the berries) in table grapes packed in both box types. No other injury attributable to exposure to MB was observed. Since C x T product exposure to MB was equivalent or even higher when EPS boxes were used, EPS boxes should be suitable for shipping table grapes to export markets. However, if the practice of determining exposure to MB continues to be based on readings of gas concentrations at the end of the 2-h exposure period, then data show that an increase in MB dose of 4 g/m(3) is suggested when the EPS box is used in lieu of TKV boxes for shipping table grapes to export markets. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Leesch, James G.; Smilanick, Joseph L.; Tebbets, J. Steven] ARS, USDA, PWA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Leesch, JG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PWA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 So Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM jleesch@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 2 BP 283 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2008.03.008 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 322HA UT WOS:000257364600012 ER PT J AU Smith, DL Gross, KC Whitaker, BD AF Smith, David L. Gross, Kenneth C. Whitaker, Bruce D. TI Analysis of softening in air- and ethylene-treated rin, nor and wild-type tomato fruit SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tomato fruit; Lycopersican esculentum; ripening; softening; ethylene; non-ripening mutants ID GENETIC-REGULATION; EXPRESSION; POLYGALACTURONASE; CUTICLE; MUTANT; TOOLS AB Rin; ripening-inhibitor and nor; non-ripening are previously identified spontaneous mutations that affect the primary regulation of tomato fruit ripening. Mutations at these loci result in fruit that are either partially or completely inhibited in their ability to ripen. Internal and whole fruit firmness of air- and ethylene-treated wild-type fruit declined by 59-87%. Firmness of whole rin and nor fruit decreased slightly after 9 days of air-treatment and internal fruit firmness did not change. Ethyl en e-treated rin and nor whole fruit softened over 9 days, but substantially less than wild type. At harvest and after air or ethylene treatment, firmness was greater in nor than in rin fruit. Surprisingly, slices from ethyl en e-treated rin and nor fruit softened much more than whole fruit, and softening of slices was similar for fruit of rin and nor. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Smith, David L.; Gross, Kenneth C.; Whitaker, Bruce D.] ARS, USDA, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Whitaker, BD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 002,Room 117,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bruce.whitaker@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 2 BP 314 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2008.02.010 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 322HA UT WOS:000257364600017 ER PT J AU Marchant-Forde, RM Fahey, AG Cheng, HW AF Marchant-Forde, R. M. Fahey, A. G. Cheng, H. W. TI Comparative effects of infrared and one-third hot-blade trimming on beak topography, behavior, and growth SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beak trimming; well-being; layers; infrared; hot blade ID MAREKS-DISEASE VACCINATION; WHITE LEGHORN PULLETS; EGG-STRAIN PULLETS; GENETIC STOCKS; BODY-WEIGHT; NEUROMA FORMATION; FOOD-INTAKE; ADULT HENS; HEART-RATE; AMPUTATION AB This research examined the effects of infrared beak treatment on layer chicks. Seventy-two layer chicks were assigned to hot-blade trimming (HB), infrared treatment (IR), or a control treatment. Day-old chicks were pair-housed by treatment. Beak photographs, behavior, and production indices were obtained at intervals for 9 wk posttreatment. All beaks were normally shaped at the onset of the study, and no perceptible treatmentrelated differences in shape occurred over time (P > 0.05). Posttreatment, HB birds had shorter beaks relative to the other 2 groups (P < 0.05). Control and IR beaks remained comparable in length until tissue eroded in IR beaks at 1 to 2 wk posttreatment. Thereafter, beak length increased in all treatments over time (P < 0.01). Two weeks posttreatment, beaks were longest in control birds, intermediate in HB birds (P < 0.001), and shortest in IR birds (P < 0.001). The HB birds had abnormal deviations from a normal upper-to-lower mandible length ratio than the IR or control birds (P < 0.05). Notable effects of treatment on production emerged by +2 d and persisted for 5 wk. Growth and feed intake were lower in HB and IR birds compared with control birds (P < 0.05), with IR birds performing least well until the fourth week of the study (P < 0.05). Thereafter, they performed similarly to the HB group. Feed waste was lowest in the IR group and was generally greatest in the control group (P < 0.05). There was an overall effect of trimming, irrespective of method, on behavior, particularly eating and drinking behaviors (P < 0.05). Specifically, IR birds were less active (P < 0.01) and spent less time eating (P < 0.01) and drinking (P < 0.05) than did control birds. Behavior in HB birds often ranked intermediate in duration and incidence, but was not significantly different compared with behavior measured in the control and IR groups. Effects of treatment on behavior were not present after 1 wk posttrimming. Results indicate that acute pain occurred with both trimming methods. Although the impact of trimming appeared to be greatest in the IR birds initially, these differences disappeared relatively quickly, and subsequent performance was similar in both trimmed groups. C1 [Marchant-Forde, R. M.; Fahey, A. G.; Cheng, H. W.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behavior Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Marchant-Forde, RM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behavior Res Unit, 125 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM rforde@purdue.edu NR 34 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 17 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 87 IS 8 BP 1474 EP 1483 DI 10.3382/ps.2006-00360 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 335HL UT WOS:000258281300002 PM 18648038 ER PT J AU Rothrock, MJ Cook, KL Warren, JG Sistani, K AF Rothrock, M. J., Jr. Cook, K. L. Warren, J. G. Sistani, K. TI The effect of alum addition on microbial communities in poultry litter SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE poultry litter; alum; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; fungi ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SALMONELLA POPULATIONS; ACIDIFIED LITTER; BROILER-CHICKENS; UREASE ACTIVITY; AMMONIA; CAMPYLOBACTER; PCR; DIVERSITY AB Alum [Al-2(SO4)(3)center dot 14H(2)O] is a common poultry litter amendment used to decrease water-soluble phosphorus or reduce ammonia volatilization, or both. Although the physiochemical effects of alum addition have been well researched, little attention has been given to the poultry litter microbial communities. The goal of this study was to use molecular biological methods [denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), community cloning, and quantitative real-time PCR] to characterize general, group-specific and pathogenic microbial communities in alum (10% wt/wt) and non-alum-treated litter. According to quantitative real-time PCR analyses, alum addition to the poultry litter resulted in significant reductions in both Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli concentrations by the end of the first month of the experiment (3 log and 2 log, respectively). The concentrations of Salmonella spp. were below detection (<5 x 10(3) cell center dot g(-1) of litter) for the entire experiment. The DGGE analyses revealed significant reductions in the Clostridium/Eubacterium and low %GC gram-positive groups in the alum-treated litters by the end of the first month, with no bands detectable for either group after 8 wk of incubation. Conversely, minimal effects of alum addition were observed in the Actinomycetes community. The most significant shift in the microbial community (based on DGGE analyses) occurred in the fungal population, with a large increase in diversity and abundance within 1 mo of alum addition (1 dominant band on d 0 to 9 dominant bands at 4 wk). Specifically, the incidence of Aspergillus spp. increased from 0 to 50% of the sequences in fungal clone libraries (n = 80) over the course of the experiment. This suggests that the addition of alum to poultry litter potentially shifts the microbial populations from bacterially dominated to dominated by fungi. The ramifications of this shift in dominance are still unknown, and future work will be aimed at characterizing these fungi and elucidating their role in the acidified litter environment. C1 [Rothrock, M. J., Jr.; Cook, K. L.; Warren, J. G.; Sistani, K.] ARS, USDA, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. RP Rothrock, MJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM michael.rothrock@ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 87 IS 8 BP 1493 EP 1503 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00491 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 335HL UT WOS:000258281300004 PM 18648040 ER PT J AU Smith, DP Musgrove, MT AF Smith, D. P. Musgrove, M. T. TI Effect of blood spots in table egg albumen on Salmonella growth SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE table egg; blood spot; Salmonella; albumen ID CHICKEN EGGS; LAYING HENS; SHELL EGGS; ENTERITIDIS; CONTAMINATION; TYPHIMURIUM; PENETRATION; LEVEL AB Presence of blood spots in eggs has been correlated with a greater rate of Salmonella Enteritidis contamination. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine whether Salmonella inoculated into egg albumen with naturally occurring blood spots would survive or grow. In each of 3 trials, white shell table eggs with blood spots were collected from a commercial egg-processing plant after candling. In each trial, eggs were broken out, and approximately 4 mL of clear albumen (CLEAR) and 4 mL of bloody albumen (BLOOD) from each of 10 eggs were placed in sterile test tubes and inoculated with a nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium. For inoculation, 0.1 mL of the Salmonella Typhimurium suspension (containing 7.1, 7.7, or 7.0 log cfu/mL in trials 1 to 3, respectively) was added to each tube. Tube contents were mixed and incubated at 25 C for 24 h. Immediately after inoculation (0 h) and again after 24 h, 0.1 mL from each tube was plated onto Brilliant Green-Sulfa agar with 200 ppm nalidixic acid and incubated at 37 C for 24 h. Results are reported as log colony-forming units per milliliter of albumen. No significant differences (P < 0.05) in mean Salmonella Typhimurium counts were found between CLEAR or BLOOD samples at 0 h (5.6 vs. 5.8, respectively), indicating that initial inoculation levels were consistent between treatments. After 24 h, CLEAR samples were slightly but significantly lower than BLOOD samples for Salmonella Typhimurium (6.5 vs. 6.8, respectively). Salmonella Typhimurium numbers increase somewhat in albumen with or without blood, but slightly greater numbers are produced in albumen with blood spots. In this experiment, blood in the albumen of table eggs contributed to the survival and growth of Salmonella Typhimurium inoculated into egg albumen. C1 [Smith, D. P.; Musgrove, M. T.] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Smith, DP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM douglas.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 87 IS 8 BP 1659 EP 1661 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00528 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 335HL UT WOS:000258281300027 PM 18648063 ER PT J AU Jones, DR Musgrove, MT AF Jones, D. R. Musgrove, M. T. TI Identification of Enterobacteriaceae on vacuum loaders in shell egg processing SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Enterobacteriaceae; vacuum loader cup; shell egg; processing; sanitation ID PLANT SANITATION PROGRAMS; CONTACT SURFACES; SALMONELLA SPP.; RESISTANCE AB Cleaning and sanitation are paramount in food processing. Gaining an understanding of the microbial populations present in a processing facility can help in the development of effective and efficient cleaning. The current study was undertaken to gain a better understanding of the Enterobacteriaceae present on vacuum loader cups used in shell egg processing to transfer nest run eggs to the processing line. Twenty cups were rinsed on each of 3 visits to both an off-line operation and a mixed operation. A total of 442 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were biochemically identified from vacuum loader cup rinses. The predominant genera isolated from the 2 facilities were Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Escherichia, Citrobacter, and Serratia. The primary organisms from the off-line facility were Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter amnigenus 2, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The isolates found in the greatest proportion from the mixed operation were Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella oxytoca. A total of 18 genera were recovered from the 2 facilities, with 9 being present in both processing facilities. The findings of this study can be used in assessing the sources of bacterial contamination in egg processing and in developing more effective, targeted cleaning programs for processing equipment and facilities. C1 [Jones, D. R.; Musgrove, M. T.] ARS, USDA, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Jones, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Deana.Jones@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 87 IS 8 BP 1678 EP 1681 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00511 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 335HL UT WOS:000258281300030 PM 18648066 ER PT J AU Hoberg, EP Polley, L Jenkins, EJ Kutz, SJ AF Hoberg, E. P. Polley, L. Jenkins, E. J. Kutz, S. J. TI Pathogens of domestic and free-ranging ungulates: global climate change in temperate to boreal latitudes across North America SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE biodiversity assessment; climate change; emerging disease; livestock; North America; pathogen; prediction; survey; ungulate ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; VECTOR IXODES-SCAPULARIS; UNITED-STATES; BORNE DISEASE; PROTOSTRONGYLUS-STILESI; BIOLOGICAL DISASTERS; PARASITIC DISEASES; WINTER SURVIVAL; SMALL RUMINANTS; DALLS SHEEP AB In North America broad-based research networks explore the interaction of vertebrates, their characteristic arrays of pathogens and emergent disease. A diversity of programmes address the impact of environmental change on animal health, zoonoses, and human health, but as yet no comprehensive framework or strategy has emerged to develop and implement policy and planning. In a regime of climate change and ecological perturbation, the need to document and understand the health, agricultural, societal and economic impact of pathogens and emerging infectious disease is urgent. An integrated and proactive planning process linking national and international resources can lead to informed predictions about the impact of environmental change and can identify pathways for potential management and mitigation. An effective and comprehensive programme will have components for establishing priorities, developing primary data for faunal structure and biodiversity, a capacity for monitoring and surveillance (including scanning and targeted activities), and linkage to historical and contemporary baselines (against which to assess change) established through archival biological collections. Field and laboratory studies are also necessary to determine developmental thresholds, tolerances and tipping points for many pathogens to establish a context for recognising current constraints and future perturbation, and to explore factors that promote emergence for a variety of pathogens, vectors and pest species. Predictive modelling and risk assessment utilising a range of scenarios for climate change is a final step in this multidisciplinary process. C1 [Hoberg, E. P.] USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Polley, L.; Jenkins, E. J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Jenkins, E. J.] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Kutz, S. J.] Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Dept Ecosyst & Publ Hlth, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. RP Hoberg, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E 1180,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Eric.Hoberg@ars.usda.gov NR 94 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 18 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 511 EP 528 PG 18 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 350LJ UT WOS:000259353700018 PM 18819675 ER PT J AU Edwards, JV Caston-Pierre, S Howley, P Condon, B Arnold, J AF Edwards, J. Vincent Caston-Pierre, Sonya Howley, Phyllis Condon, Brian Arnold, Judy TI A Bio-Sensor for Human Neutrophil Elastase Employs Peptide-p-Nitroanilide Cellulose Conjugates SO SENSOR LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Functional Organic and Inorganic Materials for Micro and Nano Bio-Sensing Systems held at the 2007 EMRS Spring Meeting CY MAY 28-JUN 01, 2007 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE Peptide-p-Nitroanilide; Cellulose Conjugates; Human Neutrophil Elastase; Chronic Wound Fluid; Chromophore; Colorimetric Detection ID CHYMOTRYPSIN-CATALYZED HYDROLYSIS; L-PHENYLALANINE 4-NITROANILIDE; DIPSTICK ASSAY; ENZYMATIC ATTACK; CLINICAL UTILITY; SPOT-SYNTHESIS; MICRODIALYSIS; PANCREATITIS; BRUCELLOSIS; INHIBITORS AB High levels of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) in chronic wounds have been associated with degradation of cytokine growth factors necessary for normal wound healing. Thus, accurate clinical detection and quantification of HNE will be important to the therapeutic management of chronic wounds. Colorimetric detection of HNE using immobilized HNE substrate-cellulose analogs has been assessed. The chromogenic peptide substrate Succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Ala-pNA and its analog Succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-pNA were attached to derivatized cellulose. Cellulose was treated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to form the amino-propyloxy ether of cellulose. The aminopropyloxy-ether of cellulose (Cell-AP) was reacted with the HNE chromogenic para-nitroanilide peptide substrates to form a covalently linked conjugate of cellulose (Cell-AP-suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Ala-pNA or Cell-AP-suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-pNA) through amide bond between the Cell-AP amine and the succinyl carboxylate of the substrate. The colorimetric response of the cellulose-bound chromophore was assessed in HNE buffered solutions by monitoring release of para-nitroaniline from the derivatized cellulose probe to determine HNE levels from 5.0 x 10(-3) to 6.0 units per ml. A comparison of the analogs rate of hydrolysis demonstrated that Cell AP-suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Ala-pNA was faster and it gave slightly stronger absorption than the Cell-AP-suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-pNA. Visual differentiation and detection of elastase activity units resulting from substrate hydrolysis was optimal at 2-4 minutes with Cell-AP-suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Ala-pNA, and at 15-60 minutes with Cell-AP-suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-pNA. C1 [Edwards, J. Vincent; Caston-Pierre, Sonya; Howley, Phyllis; Condon, Brian] USDA ARS, REE, MSA, Cotton Textile Chem Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. [Arnold, Judy] Richard Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. RP Edwards, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, REE, MSA, Cotton Textile Chem Res Unit, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM vedwards@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1546-198X J9 SENSOR LETT JI Sens. Lett. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 6 IS 4 BP 518 EP 523 DI 10.1166/sl.2008.418 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 373HU UT WOS:000260963500009 ER PT J AU Gowda, PH Chavez, JL Howell, TA Marek, TH New, LL AF Gowda, Prasanna H. Chavez, Jose L. Howell, Terry A. Marek, Thomas H. New, Leon L. TI Surface energy balance based evapotranspiration mapping in the Texas High Plains SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE Ogallala Aquifer region; irrigation scheduling; semi-arid environment ID FLUXES; CHALLENGES; MODELS AB Agriculture on the Texas High Plains (THP) uses approximately 89% of groundwater withdrawals from the Ogallala Aquifer. Consequently, groundwater levels are declining faster than the recharge rate. Therefore, efficient agricultural water use is essential for economic viability and sustainability of the THP. Accurate regional evapotranspiration (ET) maps would provide valuable information on actual crop water use. In this study, METRIC (Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution using Internalized Calibration), a remote sensing based ET algorithm, was evaluated for mapping ET in the THP. Two Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper images acquired on 27 June (DOY 178) and 29 July (DOY 210) 2005 were used for this purpose. The performance of the ET model was evaluated by comparing the predicted daily ET with values derived from soil moisture budget at four commercial agricultural fields. Daily ET estimates resulted with a prediction error of 12.7 +/- 8.1% (mean bias error +/- root mean square error) on DOY 178 and - 4.7 +/- 9.4% on DOY 210 when compared with ET derived from measured soil moisture through the soil water balance. These results are good considering the prevailing advective conditions in the THP. METRIC have the potential to be used for mapping regional ET in the THP region. However, more evaluation is needed under different agroclimatological conditions. C1 [Gowda, Prasanna H.; Chavez, Jose L.; Howell, Terry A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Marek, Thomas H.; New, Leon L.] Texas A&M Syst, Texas AgriLife Res, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. RP Gowda, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM Gowda@ars.usda.gov; Jose.Chavez@ars.usda.gov; Terry.Howell@ars.usda.gov; t.marek@tamu.edu; l-new@tamu.edu NR 34 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INT PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 8 BP 5186 EP 5201 DI 10.3390/s8085186 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 342AP UT WOS:000258757300041 PM 27873809 ER PT J AU Ponti, W Paape, M Bronzo, V Pisoni, G Pollera, C Moroni, P AF Ponti, Wilma Paape, Max Bronzo, Valerio Pisoni, Giuliano Pollera, Claudia Moroni, Paolo TI Phenotypic alteration of blood and milk leukocytes in goats naturally infected with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE leukocytes; CAEV; goat; flow cytometry; milk ID LENTIVIRUS-INDUCED ARTHRITIS; LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; MAMMARY-GLAND; T-LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IN-VITRO; CELLS; EXPRESSION; PNEUMONIA AB Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) causes a persistent and slow progressive infection in goats, characterized by chronic proliferative sinovitis, arthritis and, less frequently. pneumonia. Infected goats can also he affected by interstitial mastitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of CAEV infection on the phenotypic composition of leukocyte subsets in blood and milk, during lactation. CD8 positive cells in blood and milk were more numerous in CAEV positive goats when compared to negative goats. gamma delta TcR positive cells were higher in blood but not in milk of CAEV positive goats. The content of cells expressing MHC class II molecules was higher in blood from CAEV negative goats, while the content of activated cells was higher in milk from CAEV infected goats. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ponti, Wilma; Bronzo, Valerio; Pisoni, Giuliano; Pollera, Claudia; Moroni, Paolo] Univ Milan, Dept Vet Pathol Hyg & Publ Hlth, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Paape, Max] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ponti, W (reprint author), Univ Milan, Dept Vet Pathol Hyg & Publ Hlth, Via Celoria 10, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM wilma.ponti@unimi.it RI Pollera, Claudia/D-7160-2013 OI Pollera, Claudia/0000-0001-7537-7628 FU Italian Ministry of University and Scientific and technological Research [FIRST Ponti 2001, FIRST Moroni 2003] FX This research was supported by grants from Italian Ministry of University and Scientific and technological Research (FIRST Ponti 2001, and FIRST Moroni 2003). NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1-3 BP 176 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2008.04.001 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 341VQ UT WOS:000258743800021 ER PT J AU Leytem, AB Seefeldt, SS AF Leytem, April B. Seefeldt, Steven S. TI Impact of sheep bedding on soil nutrient dynamics in the Centennial Mountains of Montana and Idaho SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE grazing impacts; soil nutrients; bed down areas ID ORGANIC-MATTER; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; CARBON; KENYA AB Sheep and lamb production is an important industry in Idaho, with summer sheep grazing in the mountains a common practice. Sheep are concentrated in bedding areas at night leading to concentrated grazing and manure and urine accumulation in these areas. To address the effects of bedding on soil nutrient status, we monitored 16 bedding areas in the Centennial Mountains, with a general survey performed in 2004 followed by more intense monitoring of six sites from 2005 to 2006. In 2004, soils were analyzed for total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), organic C, total P, Olsen P, water-soluble phosphorus (WSP), soluble nitrate, and soluble ammonium. Over the period 2005-2006, soils were analyzed for soluble nutrients including Olsen P, WSP, soluble nitrate, and soluble ammonium. The 16 sites evaluated in 2004 had significantly greater total N, C, and organic C concentrations in the nonbedded areas, whereas Olsen P, WSP, and ammonium concentrations were greater in the bedding areas. When six sites were monitored over time, there was no significant effect of bedding on soluble P concentrations over time or between bedding and control areas, whereas there was a significant effect of time on soluble N concentrations but no significant differences between bedding and control areas. Although these results are preliminary, it seems as if sheep bedding can alter the nutrient content of soils increasing some measures of soil nutrients, while decreasing others, which ultimately can affect the productivity and plant species diversity in these areas. C1 [Leytem, April B.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. [Seefeldt, Steven S.] ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. RP Leytem, AB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. EM April.Leytem@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 173 IS 8 BP 503 EP 510 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e31817d9d2f PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 338AW UT WOS:000258478300001 ER PT J AU Dao, TH Guber, AK Sadeghi, AM Karns, JS van Kessel, JS Skelton, DR Pachepsky, YA McCarty, G AF Dao, Thanh H. Guber, A. K. Sadeghi, A. M. Karns, J. S. van Kessel, J. S. Skelton, D. R. Pachepsky, Y. A. McCarty, G. TI Loss of bioactive phosphorus and enteric bacteria in runoff from dairy manure applied to sod SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bioactive phosphorus; organic phosphorus; colloid-associated transport; Escherichia coli; Enterococcus; fecal coliforms ID GRASS BUFFER CONDITIONS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; WASTE-WATER; TRANSPORT; SOIL; COLONIZATION; ENTEROCOCCI; MANAGEMENT; COWPATS; RELEASE AB Information on the concurrent release and interactions between manure-borne phosphorus (P) and enteric bacteria to runoff from a live or dead grass sod is limited. A study of simulated runoff and an enzyme-based fractionation of runoff P forms from dairy manure applied on grass-covered soil in runoff boxes was conducted to compare the detachment and potential edge-of-field movement of manure P, Escherichia coli, and enterococci in runoff. Concentrations and mass loads of bioactive P forms and bacteria in runoff were log-normally distributed over time during all simulations. Although P and enteric bacteria were simultaneously released to runoff, high correlations were found predominantly between water turbidity, concentrations of bacteria, and phosphohydrolase-labile P, a fraction associated with particulate manure. Delayed bacteria and particulate P concentrations and mass loads indicated live leaf and bacterial surface interactions that impeded their release to runoff. Resultant deviations in linearity between manure water-extractable P and bacteria distributions and the significant correlation between bacteria and the phosphohydrolase-labile P fraction suggested that manure-borne E. coli were released in association with manure particulates that contained organic P. The state of the grass cover determined the asymmetry of bacteria and bioactive P distributions. Given the micrometer size range of suspended particles, losses of colloidal particulate P and colloid-associated bacteria may extend wen beyond the immediate vicinity of the deposited manure. C1 [Dao, Thanh H.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & ByProduct Utilizat Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Guber, A. K.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Guber, A. K.; Karns, J. S.; van Kessel, J. S.; Skelton, D. R.; Pachepsky, Y. A.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Sadeghi, A. M.; McCarty, G.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Dao, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & ByProduct Utilizat Lab, BARC E, Bldg 306, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM thanh.dao@ars.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 173 IS 8 BP 511 EP 521 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e31817d9d02 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 338AW UT WOS:000258478300002 ER PT J AU Codling, EE AF Codling, Eton Elsworth TI Effects of soil acidity and cropping on solubility of by-product-immobilized phosphorus and extractable aluminum, calcium, and iron from two high-phosphorus soils SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE water treatment residue coal bed ash; amendments; phosphorus immobilization; acidification ID WATER-TREATMENT RESIDUALS; FLUE-GAS DESULFURIZATION; SORPTION CAPACITY; POULTRY LITTER; AMENDED SOILS AB Large quantities of by-products and increased costs for landfill have heightened interest in using by-products as soil amendments on agricultural lands. There are concerns of potential negative environmental impacts of by-product-amended soils when fields are taken out of agricultural production or polluted area. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of lowering soil pH and cropping on the solubility of phosphorus (P) immobilized by drinking water treatment residue (WTR) and coal combustion bed ash (BA). Two high-P soils (Evesboro sand and Matapeake silt loam) were mixed with two WTR and a BA and incubated for 15 weeks using several wetting and drying cycles. From 15 to 33 weeks, elemental sulfur and 1N H(2)SO(4) were used to adjust soil pH to levels found in the wooded areas adjacent to agricultural fields. Acidified soils were planted with Bermudagrass. By-products reduced extractable P in both soils. Mehlich-3-extractable P that was immobilized in the by-product-amended Matapeake soil did not become soluble after acidification and cropping. Water-extractable P was significantly higher for the control and BA treatments after acidification and cropping. The water-extractable P that was immobilized by WTR before acidification did not become soluble under acidic and cropping conditions in either soil. Although soil aluminum and iron concentrations were higher under acidification and cropping, it was concluded that they were not at levels that would negatively impact the environment. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byproduct Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Codling, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byproduct Utilizat Lab, Room 21l,Bldg 007,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM eton.codling@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 173 IS 8 BP 552 EP 559 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e318182b07f PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 338AW UT WOS:000258478300006 ER PT J AU Ryan, MG Binkley, D Stape, JL AF Ryan, M. G. Binkley, D. Stape, J. L. TI Why don't our stands grow even faster? Control of production and carbon cycling in eucalypt plantations SO SOUTHERN FORESTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IUFRO International Conference on Eucalypts and Diversity - Balancing Productivity and Sustainability CY OCT 22-26, 2007 CL Durban, SOUTH AFRICA SP IUFRO Working Party 2 08 03 DE age-related productivity decline; carbon allocation; forest production ecology; nutrition ID HYDRAULIC LIMITATION HYPOTHESIS; FOREST; ALLOCATION; BALANCE; WATER AB The growth of Eucalyptus stands varies several fold across sites, under the influence of resource availability, stand age and stand structure. We describe a series of related studies that aim to understand the mechanisms that drive this great range in stand growth rates. In a seven-year study in Hawaii of Eucalyptus saligna at a site that was not water limited, we showed that nutrient availability differences led to a two-fold difference in stand wood production. Increasing nutrient supply in mid-rotation raised productivity to the level attained in continuously fertilised plots. Fertility affected the age-related decline in wood and foliage production; production in the intensive fertility treatments declined more slowly than in the minimal fertility treatments. The decline in stem production was driven largely by a decline in canopy photosynthesis. Over time, the fraction of canopy photosynthesis partitioned to below-ground allocation increased, as did foliar respiration, further reducing wood production. The reason for the decline in photosynthesis was uncertain, but it was not caused by nutrient limitation, a decline in leaf area or in photosynthetic capacity, or by hydraulic limitation. Most of the increase in carbon stored from conversion of the sugarcane plantation to Eucalyptus plantation was in the above-ground woody biomass. Soil carbon showed no net change. This study and other studies on carbon allocation showed that resource availability changes the fraction of annual photosynthesis used below-ground and for wood production. High resources (nutrition or water) decrease the partitioning below-ground and increase partitioning to wood production. Annual foliage and wood respiration and foliage production as a fraction of annual photosynthesis was remarkably constant across a wide range of fertility treatments and forest age. In the Brazil Eucalyptus Productivity Project, stand structure was manipulated by planting clonal Eucalyptus all at once or in three groups at three-monthly intervals, producing a stand where trees did not segregate into dominants and one that had strong dominance. The uneven stand structure reduced production 10-15% throughout the rotation. C1 [Ryan, M. G.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Binkley, D.] Colorado State Univ, Warner Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Binkley, D.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stape, J. L.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Forest Sci, ESALQ, BR-13418970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. RP Ryan, MG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mgryan@fs.fed.us RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL INQUIRY SERVICES CENTRE PTY LTD PI GRAHAMSTOWN PA 19 WORCESTER STREET, PO BOX 377, GRAHAMSTOWN 6140, SOUTH AFRICA SN 2070-2620 J9 SOUTH FORESTS JI South. Forests PD AUG PY 2008 VL 70 IS 2 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.2989/SOUTH.FOR.2008.70.2.5.533 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 354QU UT WOS:000259654900006 ER PT J AU Lockhart, BR Gardiner, E Leininger, T Stanturf, J AF Lockhart, Brian Roy Gardiner, Emile Leininger, Theodor Stanturf, John TI A stand-development approach to oak afforestation in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Review DE interspecific competition; intraspecific competition; mixed-species plantations ID BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD FORESTS; MIXED-SPECIES PLANTATIONS; LEUCAENA-LEUCOCEPHALA; CHERRYBARK OAK; NEW-ENGLAND; RED OAKS; TREES; USA; REFORESTATION; EUCALYPTUS AB Oak (Quercus spp.) afforestation in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley has involved planting 1-year-old bareroot seedlings on a relatively wide spacing in single-species stands or planting light-seeded species with oaks to form mixed-species stands. In the former case, the developing single-species stands have limited future management options because they do not provide structures that favor quality wildlife habitat or quality sawtimber production. In the latter case, species mixtures are being planted with little knowledge of subsequent stand development, leading to an inability to predict future stand composition for management purposes. In this article, we present a system to determine bottomland tree planting mixtures that will create single-cohort, mixed-species stands with a component of high-quality bottomland oak. Using individual species ecological life-history characteristics, such as early height growth pattern, relative twig diameter and durability, and developmental patterns in natural stands, bottomland species are rated for their ability to provide beneficial training effects that will lead to the development of quality oak boles. Incorporating such a system to determine species value in mixtures should provide an increased number of future options to meet explicit management objectives and promote improved restoration of bottomland hardwood ecosystems. C1 [Lockhart, Brian Roy; Gardiner, Emile; Leininger, Theodor] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Stanturf, John] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Lockhart, BR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM blockhart@fs.fed.us; egardiner@fs.fed.us; tleininger@fs.fed.us; jstanturf@fs.fed.us RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 NR 110 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 32 IS 3 BP 120 EP 129 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 338EV UT WOS:000258489600003 ER PT J AU Oswalt, SN Oswalt, C Turner, J AF Oswalt, Sonia N. Oswalt, Christopher Turner, Jeffery TI Hurricane Katrina impacts on Mississippi forests SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE gulf coast; weather damage; free mortality; inventory AB Hurricane Katrina triggered public interest and concern for forests in Mississippi that required rapid responses from the scientific community. A uniform systematic sample of 3,590 ground plots were established and measured in 687 days immediately after the impact of Hurricane Katrina on the Gulf Coast. The hurricane damaged an estimated 521 million trees with more than 2.5-cm dbh and killed approximately 54 million trees statewide. Sixty-nine percent of tree mortality occurred in 17 counties in southeastern Mississippi, and 45% of trees killed were loblolly pine trees. Total tree mortality was less than 1% of the statewide population. C1 [Oswalt, Sonia N.; Oswalt, Christopher; Turner, Jeffery] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn Forest Inventory & Anal, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP Oswalt, SN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn Forest Inventory & Anal, 4700 Old Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. EM soswalt@fs.fed.us; coswalt@fs.fed.us; jturner02@fs.fed.us NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 32 IS 3 BP 139 EP 141 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 338EV UT WOS:000258489600006 ER PT J AU Wiersema, JH Alejandro, NR Bonilla-Barbosa, JR AF Wiersema, John H. Alejandro, Novelo R. Bonilla-Barbosa, Jaime R. TI Taxonomy and typification of Nymphaea ampla (Salisb.) DC. sensu lato (Nymphaeaceae) SO TAXON LA English DT Article DE Nymphaea subg. brachyceras; Nymphaea leiboldiana; Nymphaea nervosa; Nymphaea pulchella; Nymphaea speciosa; Nymphaea tropaelifolia; water-lilies AB Recent work on Nymphaea ampla (Salisb.) DC. s.l. in tropical America suggests that two Species should be distinguished within this broadly circumscribed taxon, which formerly has mostly been treated to include all of the native tropical diurnally flowering water-lilies of Central and South America and the Antilles. The two Species are distinguished by their leaf margins, venation pattern, and coloration; by the number of flower parts; and by seed morphology. To determine proper nomenclature for the two recognized species, the typification of all relevant names is investigated. The typification of several names is reported, including the two names proposed for acceptance: N ampla for a species of Mexico, Mesoamerica, and the Greater Antilles and N. pulchella DC. for a species from southern and central Mexico, Southern Mesoamerica, South America, and the Greater and Lesser Antilles. C1 [Wiersema, John H.] ARS, USDA, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Alejandro, Novelo R.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Bot, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Bonilla-Barbosa, Jaime R.] Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Ctr Invest Biol, Lab Hidrobot, Dept Biol Vegetal, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. RP Wiersema, JH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Rm 102,Bldg 003, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.wiersema@ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI VIENNA PA C/O UNIV VIENNA, INST BOTANY, RENNWEG 14, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD AUG PY 2008 VL 57 IS 3 BP 967 EP 974 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 345CW UT WOS:000258974600025 ER PT J AU Sawhney, APS Condon, B Singh, KV Pang, SS Li, G Hui, D AF Sawhney, A. P. S. Condon, B. Singh, K. V. Pang, S. S. Li, G. Hui, David TI Modern applications of nanotechnology in textiles SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE nanotechnology; fibers; yarns; textiles; technical fabrics ID CARBON NANOTUBE YARNS; ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; FIBERS; NANOFILTRATION; POLYPYRROLE; MEMBRANE; POLYIMIDOAMIDE; COMPOSITES; RETENTION AB Nanotechnology (NT) deals with materials 1 to 100 nm in length. At the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), NT is defined as the understanding, manipulation, and control of matter at the above-stated length, such that the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the materials (individual atoms, molecules, and bulk matter) can be engineered, synthesized, and altered to develop the next generation of improved materials, devices, structures, and systems. NT at the molecular level can be used to develop desired textile characteristics, such as high tensile strength, unique surface structure, soft hand, durability, water repellency, fire retardancy, antimicrobial properties and the like. Indeed, advances in NT have created enormous opportunities and challenges for the textile industry, including the cotton industry. The focus of this paper is to summarize recent applications of NT as they relate to textile fibers, yarns, and fabrics. C1 [Sawhney, A. P. S.; Condon, B.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Singh, K. V.] Miami Univ, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Pang, S. S.; Li, G.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Hui, David] Univ New Orleans, Dept Mech Engn, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Sawhney, APS (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM ap.singh@ars.usda.gov RI Singh, Kumar/D-5183-2015 OI Singh, Kumar/0000-0002-9868-5583 NR 98 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 39 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 78 IS 8 BP 731 EP 739 DI 10.1177/0040517508091066 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 330EW UT WOS:000257923400010 ER PT J AU Li, S Hartman, GL Domier, LL Boykin, D AF Li, S. Hartman, G. L. Domier, L. L. Boykin, D. TI Quantification of Fusarium solani f. sp glycines isolates in soybean roots by colony-forming unit assays and real-time quantitative PCR SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SUDDEN-DEATH-SYNDROME; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SP PHASEOLI; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; SOIL; DIAGNOSTICS; PLANTS; DNA AB Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines (FSG; syn. F. virguliforme Akoi, O'Donnell, Homma & Lattanzi) is a soil-borne fungus that infects soybean roots and causes sudden death syndrome (SDS), a widespread and destructive soybean disease. The goal of this study was to develop and use a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) assay to compare the accumulation of genomic DNA among 30 FSG isolates in inoculated soybean roots. Isolates differed significantly (P <= 0.05) in their DNA accumulation on a susceptible soybean cultivar when detected and quantified using a FSG-specific probe/primers set derived from the sequences of the nuclear-encoded, mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. QPCR results that were normalized as the fold change over the sample collection times after inoculation were significantly (P <= 0.001) correlated with the log(10) transformed colony-forming unit (CFU) values of FSG obtained from plating of inoculated ground roots on FSG semi-selective agar medium. Several isolates were identified that accumulated more FSG DNA and had higher CFU values than the reference isolate FSG1 (Mont-1). Compared to other isolates, FSG5 was the most aggressive root colonizer based on DNA accumulation and CFU values in infested roots. The described QPCR assay should provide more specificity, greater sensitivity, and less variability than alternatives to the culturing-dependent and time-consuming plating assays. Evaluation of isolate relative DNA differences on host plants using the QPCR approach provides useful information for evaluating isolates based on the extent and/or degree of colonization on soybean roots and for selecting isolates for breeding SDS-resistant soybean lines. C1 [Li, S.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Hartman, G. L.; Domier, L. L.] USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL USA. RP Li, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM shuxian.li@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 117 IS 3 BP 343 EP 352 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0779-2 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 325JM UT WOS:000257585200005 PM 18461301 ER PT J AU Coram, TE Settles, ML Wang, MN Chen, XM AF Coram, Tristan E. Settles, Matthew L. Wang, Meinan Chen, Xianming TI Surveying expression level polymorphism and single-feature polymorphism in near-isogenic wheat lines differing for the Yr5 stripe rust resistance locus SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; GENE YR5; MARKERS; TRANSCRIPTOME; MICROARRAY; DISCOVERY; GENOMES; IDENTIFICATION AB DNA polymorphisms are valuable for several applications including genotyping, molecular mapping and marker-assisted selection. The 55 K Affymetrix Wheat GeneChip was used to survey expression level polymorphisms (ELPs) and single-feature polymorphisms (SFPs) between two near-isogenic wheat genotypes (BC(7):F(4)) that differ for the Yr5 stripe rust resistance locus, with the objective of developing genetic markers linked to Yr5. Ninety-one probe sets showing ELPs and 118 SFP-containing probe sets were identified between isolines, of which just nine ELP probe sets also contained SFPs. The proportion of the transcriptome estimated to be variable between isolines from this analysis was 0.30% for the ELPs and 0.39% for the SFPs, which was highly similar to the theoretical genome difference between isolines of similar to 0.39%. Using wheat-rice synteny, both ELPs and SFPs mainly clustered on long arms of rice chromosomes four and seven, which are syntenous to wheat chromosomes 2L (Yr5 locus) and 2S, respectively. The strong physical correlation between the two types of polymorphism indicated that the ELPs may be regulated by cis-acting DNA polymorphisms. Twenty SFPs homologous to rice 4L were used to develop additional genetic markers for Yr5. Physical mapping of the probe sets containing SFPs to wheat chromosomes identified nine on the target chromosome 2BL, thus wheat-rice synteny greatly enhanced the selection of SFPs that were located on the desired wheat chromosome. Of these nine, four were converted into polymorphic cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers between Yr5 and yr5 isolines, and one was mapped within 5.3 cM of the Yr5 locus. This study represents the first array-based polymorphism survey in near-isogenic genotypes, and the results are applied to an agriculturally important trait. C1 [Coram, Tristan E.; Chen, Xianming] USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Coram, Tristan E.; Wang, Meinan; Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Settles, Matthew L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Coram, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. EM tristan.coram@ars.usda.gov RI Coram, Tristan/C-1069-2008; Coram, Tristan/E-8744-2010; Settles, Matthew/F-2031-2011; WANG, Meinan/P-5671-2014 OI Settles, Matthew/0000-0002-3424-1086; WANG, Meinan/0000-0001-9595-3995 NR 45 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 117 IS 3 BP 401 EP 411 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0784-5 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 325JM UT WOS:000257585200010 PM 18470504 ER PT J AU Rajesh, PN O'Bleness, M Roe, BA Muehlbauer, FJ AF Rajesh, P. N. O'Bleness, Majesta Roe, Bruce A. Muehlbauer, Fred J. TI Analysis of genome organization, composition and microsynteny using 500 kb BAC sequences in chickpea SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CICER-ARIETINUM L.; ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT; GENE; RESISTANCE; REGIONS; IDENTIFICATION; CONSTRUCTION; DNA; AMPLIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS AB The small genome size (740 Mb), short life cycle (3 months) and high economic importance as a food crop legume make chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) an important system for genomics research. Although several genetic linkage maps using various markers and genomic tools have become available, sequencing efforts and their use are limited in chickpea genomic research. In this study, we explored the genome organization of chickpea by sequencing approximately 500 kb from 11 BAC clones (three representing ascochyta blight resistance QTL1 (ABR-QTL1) and eight randomly selected BAC clones). Our analysis revealed that these sequenced chickpea genomic regions have a gene density of one per 9.2 kb, an average gene length of 2,500 bp, an average of 4.7 exons per gene, with an average exon and intron size of 401 and 316 bp, respectively, and approximately 8.6% repetitive elements. Other features analyzed included exon and intron length, number of exons per gene, protein length and %GC content. Although there are reports on high synteny among legume genomes, the microsynteny between the 500 kb chickpea and available Medicago truncatula genomic sequences varied depending on the region analyzed. The GBrowse-based annotation of these BACs is available at http://www.genome.ou.edu/plants_totals.html. We believe that our work provides significant information that supports a chickpea genome sequencing effort in the future. C1 [Rajesh, P. N.; Muehlbauer, Fred J.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS & Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [O'Bleness, Majesta; Roe, Bruce A.] Univ Oklahoma, SRTC, ACGT, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Rajesh, PN (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS & Crop & Soil Sci, 303 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM pnrajesh@wsu.edu NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 117 IS 3 BP 449 EP 458 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0789-0 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 325JM UT WOS:000257585200014 PM 18504542 ER PT J AU Vandemark, GJ Fourie, D Miklas, PN AF Vandemark, G. J. Fourie, D. Miklas, P. N. TI Genotyping with real-time PCR reveals recessive epistasis between independent QTL conferring resistance to common bacterial blight in dry bean SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L.; DISEASE RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR MARKERS; INHERITANCE; GENES; REGISTRATION; CONFIRMATION; POLYMERASE; POTYVIRUS AB Resistance to common bacterial blight in common bean is a complex trait that is quantitatively inherited. Combining QTL is the current strategy for improving resistance, but interactions among different QTL are unknown. We examined the interaction between two independent QTL present in dry bean breeding line XAN 159. The QTL were studied in a near isogenic population consisting of 120 BC(6):F(2) plants. Each BC(6):F(2) plant was evaluated for disease reaction at several time points after pathogen inoculation and the dominant SCAR markers linked with QTL on linkage groups B6 (BC420 similar to QTL) and B8 (SU91 similar to QTL) were interpreted as codominant markers using real time PCR assays. This enabled assignment of BC(6):F(2) plants to all nine possible genotypes. Reaction to CBB in BC(6):F(2) plants was characterized by an epistatic interaction between BC420 and SU91 such that: 1) the expression of BC420 was epistatically suppressed by a homozygous recessive su91//su91 genotype; 2) SU91//SU91 and SU91//su91 genotypes conditioned an intermediate disease reaction when homozygous recessive for bc420//bc420; and 3) the highest level of disease resistance was conferred by genotypes with at least a single resistance allele at both QTL (BC420//-; SU91//-). Segregation for resistance among BC(6):F(3) plants derived from BC(6):F(2) plants that were heterozygous for both QTL did not deviate significantly from expected ratios of 9 resistant: 3 moderately resistant: 4 susceptible. This is consistent with a recessive epistatic model of inheritance between two loci. These results indicate breeders will realize greatest gains in resistance to CBB by selecting breeding materials that are fixed for both QTL. This is a first report of a qualitative digenic model of inheritance discerning an interaction between two QTL conditioning disease resistance in plants. C1 [Vandemark, G. J.] USDA, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Miklas, P. N.] USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Prod Unit, Prosser, WA 99164 USA. [Fourie, D.] ARC Grain Crops Inst, Potchefstroom, South Africa. RP Vandemark, GJ (reprint author), USDA, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM gvandemark@wsu.edu NR 43 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 117 IS 4 BP 513 EP 522 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0795-2 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 330RP UT WOS:000257960800005 PM 18512042 ER PT J AU Al-Faifa, S Meyer, JDF Garcia-Mas, J Monforte, AJ Havey, MJ AF Al-Faifa, Sulieman Meyer, Jenelle D. F. Garcia-Mas, Jordi Monforte, Antonio J. Havey, Michael J. TI Exploiting synteny in Cucumis for mapping of Psm: a unique locus controlling paternal mitochondrial sorting SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; LINKAGE MAPS; SATIVUS L.; MELO L.; GENOME; PLANT; RESISTANCE; SEGREGATION; MARKERS; GENES AB The three genomes of cucumber show different modes of transmission, nuclear DNA bi-parentally, plastid DNA maternally, and mitochondrial DNA paternally. The mosaic (MSC) phenotype of cucumber is associated with mitochondrial DNA rearrangements and is a valuable tool for studying mitochondrial transmission. A nuclear locus (Psm) has been identified in cucumber that controls sorting of paternally transmitted mitochondrial DNA. Comparative sequencing and mapping of cucumber and melon revealed extensive synteny on the recombinational and sequence levels near Psm and placed this locus on linkage group R of cucumber and G10 of melon. However, the cucumber genomic region near Psm was surprisingly monomorphic with an average of one SNP every 25 kb, requiring that a family from a more diverse cross is produced for fine mapping and eventual cloning of Psm. The cucumber ortholog of Arabidopsis mismatch repair (MSH1) was cloned and it segregated independently of Psm, revealing that this candidate gene is not Psm. C1 [Havey, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Al-Faifa, Sulieman] King Saud Univ, Coll Food Sci & Agr, Dept Plant Prod, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. [Garcia-Mas, Jordi; Monforte, Antonio J.] UAB, CSIC, IRTA, Ctr Recerca Agrigenom, Barcelona 08348, Spain. RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mjhavey@wisc.edu RI MONFORTE, Antonio Jose/B-4784-2009; Garcia-Mas, Jordi/B-9694-2012 OI MONFORTE, Antonio Jose/0000-0003-3461-3094; Garcia-Mas, Jordi/0000-0001-7101-9049 NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 117 IS 4 BP 523 EP 529 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0796-1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 330RP UT WOS:000257960800006 PM 18521565 ER PT J AU Jo, YK Barker, R Pfender, W Warnke, S Sim, SC Jung, GH AF Jo, Young-Ki Barker, Reed Pfender, William Warnke, Scott Sim, Sung-Chur Jung, Geunhwa TI Comparative analysis of multiple disease resistance in ryegrass and cereal crops SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CROWN RUST RESISTANCE; GRAMINIS SUBSP GRAMINICOLA; LOLIUM-PERENNE L.; F-SP LOLII; PUCCINIA-CORONATA; MOLECULAR MARKERS; CULTIVATED OAT; QTL ANALYSIS; BROAD-SPECTRUM AB Ryegrass (Lolium spp.) is among the most important forage crops in Europe and Australia and is also a popular turfgrass in North America. Previous genetic analysis based on a three-generation interspecific (L. perenne x L. multiflorum) ryegrass population identified four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to gray leaf spot (Magneporthe grisea) and four QTLs for resistance to crown rust (Puccinia coronata). The current analysis based on the same mapping population detected seven QTLs for resistance to leaf spot (Bipolaris sorokiniana) and one QTL for resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis) in ryegrass for the first time. Three QTLs for leaf spot resistance on linkage groups (LGs) 2 and 4 were in regions of conserved synteny to the positions of resistance to net blotch (Drechslera teres) in barley (Hordeum vulgare). One ryegrass genomic region spanning 19 cM on LG 4, which contained three QTLs for resistance to leaf spot, gray leaf spot, and stem rust, had a syntenic relationship with a segment of rice chromosome 3, which contained QTLs for resistance to multiple diseases. However, at the genome-wide comparison based on 72 common RFLP markers between ryegrass and cereals, coincidence of QTLs for disease resistance to similar fungal pathogens was not statistically significant. C1 [Jung, Geunhwa] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Sim, Sung-Chur] Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Warnke, Scott] ARS, USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Barker, Reed; Pfender, William] Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jo, Young-Ki] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Jung, GH (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plant Soil & Insect Sci, 206 French Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM jung@psis.umass.edu NR 40 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 117 IS 4 BP 531 EP 543 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0797-0 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 330RP UT WOS:000257960800007 PM 18521564 ER PT J AU Laudencia-Chingcuanco, DL Vensel, WH AF Laudencia-Chingcuanco, Debbie L. Vensel, William H. TI Globulins are the main seed storage proteins in Brachypodium distachyon SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MODEL GRASS; CUPIN SUPERFAMILY; RICE GLUTELIN; GENE; EVOLUTION; TRANSFORMATION; EXPRESSION; PHYLOGENY; RELATIVES; ALIGNMENT AB Brachypodium distachyon is being developed as a model system to study temperate cereals and forage grasses. We have begun to investigate its utility to understand seed development and grain filling by identifying the major seed storage proteins in a diploid accession Bd21. With the use of ID SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry we detected seven major storage protein bands, six of which were identified as globulins. A subset of the major seed proteins isolated from three hexaploid accessions, Bd4, Bd14 and Bd17 were also identified as globulins. Several Brachypodium cDNAs clones encoding globulin were completely sequenced. Two types of globulin genes were identified, Bd.glo1 and Bd.glo2, which are similar to maize 7S and oat 12S globulins, respectively. The derived polypeptide sequences of the globulins contain a typical signal peptide sequence in their polypeptide N-termini and two cupin domains. Bd.glo1 is encoded by a single copy gene, whereas, Bd.glo2 belongs to a gene family. C1 [Laudencia-Chingcuanco, Debbie L.; Vensel, William H.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Laudencia-Chingcuanco, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM dlc@pw.usda.gov OI Vensel, William/0000-0001-9454-2705 NR 34 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 117 IS 4 BP 555 EP 563 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0799-y PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 330RP UT WOS:000257960800009 PM 18528675 ER PT J AU Brooks, SA Yan, WG Jackson, AK Deren, CW AF Brooks, Steven A. Yan, Wengui Jackson, Aaron K. Deren, Christopher W. TI A natural mutation in rc reverts white-rice-pericarp to red and results in a new, dominant, wild-type allele: Rc-g SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENES AB The Rc locus regulates pigmentation of the rice bran layer, and selection for the rc allele (white pericarp) occurred during domestication of the crop. White bran is now ubiquitous among cultivated varieties throughout rice growing regions of the world. We identified a new allele that arose by natural mutation within the rc pseudogene of the cultivar 'Wells'. The mutation restored the reading frame of the gene, and reverted the bran layer pigmentation to red (wild-type). By sequencing the Rc locus in plants derived from red seeds, and linkage analysis in a segregating population, we were able to demonstrate that mutation within rc resulted in the new, dominant, wild-type allele Rc-g. C1 [Brooks, Steven A.; Yan, Wengui; Jackson, Aaron K.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Deren, Christopher W.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Brooks, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM ricegenes@mac.com NR 9 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 117 IS 4 BP 575 EP 580 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0801-8 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 330RP UT WOS:000257960800011 PM 18516586 ER PT J AU Ling, KS Zhu, HY Gonsalves, D AF Ling, Kai-Shu Zhu, Hai-Ying Gonsalves, Dennis TI Resistance to Grapevine leafroll associated virus-2 is conferred by post-transcriptional gene silencing in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Closteroviridae; coat protein; pathogen derived resistance; grapevine; Vitis vinifera ID COAT PROTEIN GENE; CITRUS-TRISTEZA-VIRUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MEXICAN LIME; PLANTS; EXPRESSION; STRAINS; GENOME; TRANSFORMATION; SUPPRESSOR AB Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-2 (GLRaV-2) is an important component of the leafroll disease complex in grapevine. We have previously sequenced the GLRaV-2 genome and identified the coat protein (CP) gene. The objective of this study is to test the concept of pathogen-derived resistance against a closterovirus associated with grapevine leafroll disease. Because GLRaV-2 is capable of infecting Nicotiana benthamiana, we decided to test the concept on this herbaceous host. Thirty-seven T(0) transgenic N. benthamiana plants expressing the GLRaV-2 CP gene were regenerated following Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Disease resistance was evaluated in greenhouse-grown T(1) and T(2) plants by mechanical inoculation with GLRaV-2. Although all the inoculated non-transgenic plants showed symptoms 2-4 weeks post inoculation, various numbers of transgenic plants (16-100%) in 14 of 20 T(1) lines tested were not infected. In these resistant plants, GLRaV-2 was not detectable by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Although virus resistance was confirmed in T(2) progenies, the percentage of resistant plants was generally lower (0-63%) than that of the corresponding T(1) lines (0-100%). Northern blot and nuclear run-off results showed that virus resistance in the transgenic plants was consistently associated with the low level of transgene RNA transcript suggesting a post-transcriptional gene silencing. The success of pathogen-derived resistance to GLRaV-2 in transgenic N. benthamiana plants represents the first step towards eventual control of the leafroll disease in grapevines using this strategy. C1 [Ling, Kai-Shu] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Ling, Kai-Shu; Zhu, Hai-Ying; Gonsalves, Dennis] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, NYSAES, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Zhu, Hai-Ying] Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gonsalves, Dennis] USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Ling, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM kai.ling@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 733 EP 740 DI 10.1007/s11248-007-9147-2 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 322OJ UT WOS:000257384900022 PM 17912600 ER PT J AU Cirelli, D Jagels, R Tyree, MT AF Cirelli, Damian Jagels, Richard Tyree, Melvin T. TI Toward an improved model of maple sap exudation: the location and role of osmotic barriers in sugar maple, butternut and white birch SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bubbles; pressure; sap flow; sucrose; sugar maple ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY RECOVERY; ACER-SACCHARUM; WALNUT TREES; XYLEM PRESSURE; DORMANT MAPLE; AMERICANA L; FLOW; PSEUDOPLATANUS; EMBOLISM; SUCROSE AB Two theories have been proposed to explain how high positive pressures are developed in sugar maple stems when temperatures fluctuate around freezing. The Milburn-O'Malley theory proposes that pressure development is purely physical and does not require living cells or sucrose. The osmotic theory invokes the involvement of living cells and sucrose to generate an osmotic pressure difference between fibers and vessels, which are assumed to be separated by an osmotic barrier. We analyzed wood of Acer saccharum Marsh., Juglans cinerea L. and Betula papyrifera Marsh. (all generate positive pressures) examining three critical components of the osmotic model: pits in cell walls, selectivity of the osmotic barrier and stability of air bubbles under positive xylem pressure. We examined the distribution and type of pits directly by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and indirectly by perfusion of branch segments with fluorescent dyes with molecular masses similar to sucrose. The latter approach allowed us to use osmotic surrogates for sucrose that could be tracked by epifluorescence. Infusion experiments were used to assess the compartmentalization of sucrose and to determine the behavior of gas bubbles as predicted by Fick's and Henry's laws. The SEM images of sugar maple revealed a lack of pitting between fibers and vessels but connections between fiber-tracheids and vessels were present. Fluorescein-perfusion experiments demonstrated that large molecules do not diffuse into libriform fibers but are confined within the domain of vessels, parenchyma and fiber-tracheids. Results of the infusion experiments were in agreement with those of the fluorescein perfusions and further indicated the necessity of a compartmentalized osmolyte to drive stem pressure, as well as the inability of air bubbles to maintain such pressure because of instability. These results support the osmotic model and demonstrate that the secondary cell wall is an effective osmotic barrier for molecules larger than 300 g mol(-1). C1 [Cirelli, Damian; Jagels, Richard] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Tyree, Melvin T.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. [Tyree, Melvin T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Cirelli, D (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM domian.cirelli@gmail.com FU USDA Forest Service; Northeast Forest Experiment Station, Burlington; VT. and the Andrew W. Melon Foundation FX Funding for this research was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Northeast Forest Experiment Station, Burlington, VT. and the Andrew W. Melon Foundation. The authors thank Dr. Alejandra Equiza for critical review of the manuscript. This is Maine Agriculture and Forest Experiment Station publication No. 2953. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 152 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1145 EP 1155 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 343GN UT WOS:000258841300001 PM 18519246 ER PT J AU Uddling, J Teclaw, RM Kubiske, ME Pregitzer, KS Ellsworth, DS AF Uddling, Johan Teclaw, Ronald M. Kubiske, Mark E. Pregitzer, Kurt S. Ellsworth, David S. TI Sap flux in pure aspen and mixed aspen-birch forests exposed to elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide and ozone SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate; FACE; leaf area index; soil water; transpiration; tree community ID VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CO2 ENRICHMENT; DECIDUOUS FOREST; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TREMBLING ASPEN; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; TROPOSPHERIC O-3; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Elevated concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide ([CO(2)]) and tropospheric ozone ([O(3)]) have the potential to affect tree physiology and structure and hence forest water use, which has implications for climate feedbacks. We investigated how a 40% increase above ambient values in [CO(2)] and [O(3)], alone and in combination, affect tree water use of pure aspen and mixed aspen-birch forests in the free air CO(2)-O(3) enrichment experiment near Rhinelander, Wisconsin (Aspen FACE). Measurements of sap flux and canopy leaf area index (L) were made during two growing seasons, when steady-state L had been reached after more than 6 years of exposure to elevated [CO(2)] and [O(3)]. Maximum stand-level sap flux wits not significantly affected by levated [O(3)], but was increased by 18% by elevated [CO(2)] averaged across years, communities and O(3) regimes. Treatment effects were similar in pure aspen and mixed aspen-birch communities. Increased tree water use in response to elevated [CO(2)] was related to positive CO(2) treatment effects on tree size and L (+40%). Tree water use was not reduced by elevated [O(3)] despite strong negative O(3) treatment effects on tree size and L (-22%). Elevated [O(3)] predisposed pure aspen stands to drought-induced Sap flux reductions, whereas increased tree water use in response to elevated [CO(2)] did not result in lower soil water content in the upper soil or decreasing sap flux relative to control values during dry periods. Maintenance of soil water content in the upper soil in the elevated [CO(2)] treatment was at least partly a function of enhanced soil water-holding capacity, probably a result of increased organic matter content from increased litter inputs. Our findings that larger trees growing in elevated [CO(2)] used more water and that tree size, but not maximal water use, was negatively affected by elevated [O(3)] suggest that the long-term cumulative effects on stand Structure may be more important than the expected primary stomatal Closure responses to elevated [CO(2)] and [O(3)] in determining stand-level water use under possible future atmospheric conditions. C1 [Uddling, Johan] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Teclaw, Ronald M.; Kubiske, Mark E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Pregitzer, Kurt S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Ellsworth, David S.] Univ Western Sydney, Ctr Plant & Food Sci, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia. RP Uddling, J (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, POB 461, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM johan.uddling@dpes.gu.se OI Ellsworth, David/0000-0002-9699-2272 FU National Institute for Global Environmental Change; Midwestern Regional Office; Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture (KSLA); USDA Forest Service; Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy; USFS Global Change Program; Michigan Technological University; Canadian Forest Service; USFS Northern Research Station FX The project was Supported by the National Institute for Global Environmental Change, Midwestern Regional Office, via the U.S. Department of Energy. The first author was partly supported by Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture (KSLA). In-kind support from the USDA Forest Service is gratefully acknowledged. The Aspen FACE Experiment is funded principally by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, with additional support from the USFS Global Change Program, Michigan Technological University, the Canadian Forest Service and the USFS Northern Research Station. We are grateful to Prof. Rant Oren for sharing sap flux calculation software with us, and to Kristine Crous, Matt Mioduszewski and Jeffrey Katz for assistance with measurements and sap flow sensor installation in the field. NR 54 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1231 EP 1243 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 343GN UT WOS:000258841300009 PM 18519254 ER PT J AU Schaberg, PG Murakami, PF Turner, MR Heitz, HK Hawley, GJ AF Schaberg, P. G. Murakami, P. F. Turner, M. R. Heitz, H. K. Hawley, G. J. TI Association of red coloration with senescence of sugar maple leaves in autumn SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE anthocyanins; fall color; Acer saccharum; abscission zone; leaf retention ID INDUCED LEAF ABSCISSION; IXORA-COCCINEA PLANTS; CELL-SEPARATION PROCESSES; UV-B RADIATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; TURN RED; ANTHOCYANINS; LIGHT; PHOTOINHIBITION; SENSITIVITY AB We evaluated the association of red coloration with senescence in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) leaves by assessing differences in leaf retention strength and the progression of the abscission layer through the vascular bundle of green, yellow, and red leaves of 14 mature open-grown trees in October 2002. Computer image analysis confirmed visual categorization of leaves as predominantly green, yellow or red, and chemical quantification of leaf pigment concentrations verified that leaf color reflected underlying differences in leaf biochemistry. Significantly lower chlorophyll concentrations within red and yellow leaves indicated that senescence was more advanced in leaves from these color categories relative to green leaves. Among leaf types, only red leaves contained high concentrations of anthocyanins. There were significant differences in leaf retention capacity among color categories, with the petioles of green leaves being the most firmly attached to twigs, followed by red and then yellow leaves. Microscopic analysis indicated that yellow leaves had the most advanced extension of the abscission layer through the vasculature, with green and red leaves having significantly less abscission layer progression than yellow. A more limited progression of the abscission layer through vascular bundles may be evidence of delayed leaf senescence that could extend resorption of mobile leaf constituents. Together, results from this study suggest an association between leaf anthocyanin content and functional delays in senescence. C1 [Schaberg, P. G.; Murakami, P. F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. [Turner, M. R.; Heitz, H. K.; Hawley, G. J.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Schaberg, PG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 705 Spear St, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. EM pschaberg@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 15 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 573 EP 578 DI 10.1007/s00468-008-0217-8 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 322OM UT WOS:000257385200017 ER PT J AU Segal, E Bradford, SA Shouse, P Lazarovitch, N Corwin, D AF Segal, Eran Bradford, Scott A. Shouse, Pete Lazarovitch, Naftali Corwin, Dennis TI Integration of hard and soft data to characterize field-scale hydraulic properties for flow and transport studies SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; INSTANTANEOUS PROFILE METHOD; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; TENSION INFILTROMETER; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; UNSATURATED SOIL; TRANSIENT FLOW; WATER-CONTENT; VADOSE ZONE AB Field-scale flow and transport studies are frequently conducted to assess and quantify various environmental and agricultural scenarios. The utility of field-scale flow and transport studies, however, is frequently limited by our inability to characterize the heterogeneous distribution of hydraulic properties at these sites. In this study, we present an integrated approach, using both "hard" and "soft" data sets of field and laboratory scales in conjunction with pedotransfer functions, interpolation algorithm, and numerical modeling to characterize the hydraulic properties of the vadose zone. The approach is demonstrated at two 5- by 5- m field plots selected for research on the transport and fate of nutrients and pathogens. We used hard data to quantify the magnitude of the hydraulic properties at selected locations in these plots and included laboratory and field measurements of the hydraulic properties from undisturbed cores and the instantaneous profile method, respectively. More abundant soft data included inductive electromagnetic readings and approximate particle-size distribution information. The nearest neighbor interpolation algorithm was used to generate a heterogeneous realization of the saturated hydraulic conductivity on these plots. Numerical modeling of steady- state water infiltration and redistribution experiments was used to compare laboratory- and field-scale hydraulic properties and to refine our conceptual model of the vertical and lateral flow at this site. Good agreement between simulated and measured water contents and water pressure heads was obtained, indicating that field-scale hydraulic properties were accurately quantified for these conditions. This article provides a real-world example of how to combine information and approaches to tackle the difficult challenge of characterizing the hydraulic properties at a field site. C1 [Bradford, Scott A.; Shouse, Pete; Corwin, Dennis] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Segal, Eran] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Lazarovitch, Naftali] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Lazarovitch, Naftali/F-4627-2010 NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 7 IS 3 BP 878 EP 889 DI 10.2136/vzj2007.0090 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 325WA UT WOS:000257618000002 ER PT J AU Mazahrih, NT Katbeh-Bader, N Evett, SR Ayars, JE Trout, TJ AF Mazahrih, Naem Th. Katbeh-Bader, Nedal Evett, Steven R. Ayars, James E. Trout, Thomas J. TI Field calibration accuracy and utility of four down-hole water content sensors SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MULTISENSOR CAPACITANCE PROBES; TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; LABORATORY CALIBRATION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; SOIL; TEMPERATURE; FREQUENCY; PERMITTIVITY; IRRIGATION AB Soil water balance studies of profile water content, changes in stored water, crop water use, and spatia; variability of water content and use require accurate soil water determinations that are representative across at least field-sized areas. Several capacitance and other electromagnetic (EM) sensors are commercially available for use in access tubes to determine profile water content. Scientists and practitioners need to know if they are suitable replacements for the neutron moisture meter (NMM) in terms of accuracy and utility. In a field calibration of the NMM and three EM sensors in a Panoche clay loam soil in the San Joaquin Valley of California, three access tubes were installed in a site dried by plant water uptake and three were installed in an adjacent plot wetted to saturation and allowed to drain. Sensors were read and volumetric water content samples taken at several depths at each access tube; calibrations of water content vs. sensor reading were calculated for each depth and for appropriate combinations of depths by regression analysis. Calibrations for the EM sensors changed rapidly with depth, often requiring separate calibrations for every 10- or 20-cm depth range, and were relatively inaccurate (RMSE of 0.015-0.063 m(3) m(-3)). The NMM is the preferred choice for accurate profile water content and change in storage determination. In general, the EM sensors cannot be recommended for profile water content or change in storage determinations due to their relatively less accurate ( larger RMSE values) calibrations, strong dependence of calibration slopes and exponents on depth, probable dependence of the calibrations on soil bulk electrical conductivity (BEC), and the likelihood of BEC changes in the field during the irrigation season. C1 [Evett, Steven R.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Mazahrih, Naem Th.] Natl Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Baqa 19381, Jordan. [Katbeh-Bader, Nedal] Environm Qual Author, Ramallah, Israel. [Ayars, James E.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Trout, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Evett, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM Steve.Evett@ars.usda.gov OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 FU International Atomic Energy Agency Research [11186/FAO]; Middle Eastern Regional Irrigation Management Information Systems project; USDA-ARS Office of International Research Programs FX We gratefully acknowledge support from International Atomic Energy Agency Research Contract no. 11186/FAO and from the Middle Eastern Regional Irrigation Management Information Systems project sponsored by the USDA-ARS Office of International Research Programs, which provided support for visiting scientists. We are very grateful for the support and training provided by Mr. Brice Ruthardt, Biological Science Technician ( Soils) at the USDA-ARS Laboratory at Bushland, who traveled to California to support this research. Also, we acknowledge with thanks the support of the staff at the USDA-ARS WMRL, Parlier, CA. NR 37 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 7 IS 3 BP 992 EP 1000 DI 10.2136/vzj2008.0001 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 337OE UT WOS:000258444600003 ER PT J AU Jenkins, M Allen, P Wilkins, G Klopp, S Miska, K AF Jenkins, M. Allen, P. Wilkins, G. Klopp, S. Miska, K. TI Eimeria praecox infection ameliorates effects of Eimeria maxima infection in chickens SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE E. praecox; E. maxima; co-infection; clinical effects ID EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASPECTS; PATHOGENICITY; COCCIDIOSIS; BROILERS; FOWL AB The effect of Eimeria praecox on concurrent Eimeria maxima infection was studied in susceptible chickens. Cinical signs of coccidiosis were assessed in single E. praecox or E. maxima infections and compared to dual infection with both Eimeria species. Groups infected solely with 104 E. maxima oocysts displayed weight gains that were 48% of weight gain in uninfected controls. Weight gain in chickens infected only with 104 E. praecox oocysts was 90% of uninfected controls. Average weight gain in chickens infected with both E. maxima and E. praecox was 79% of controls, and showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) from weight gain in E. praecox-infected chickens. Feed utilization (feed conversion ratio, FCR) in chickens infected with both species showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) from FCR in non-infected controls or chickens infected with E. praecox alone; all showing a significant difference (P < 0.05) from FCR in chickens infected solely with E. maxima. Although E. praecox did not appear to have a negative effect on weight gain and FCR, it did cause a significant decrease in serum carotenoids. Analysis of oocysts excreted by chickens during dual infection showed little effect of E. praecox on E. maxima oocyst production. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jenkins, M.; Allen, P.; Wilkins, G.; Miska, K.] ARS, USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Klopp, S.] Townsends Poultry, Georgetown, DE 19947 USA. RP Jenkins, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM mark.jenkins@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 155 IS 1-2 BP 10 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.04.013 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 330ZE UT WOS:000257980600002 PM 18556129 ER PT J AU Santin, M Trout, JM Fayer, R AF Santin, Monica Trout, James M. Fayer, Ronald TI A longitudinal study of cryptosporidiosis in dairy cattle from birth to 2 years of age SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cattle; cryptosporidium; PCR; C. bovis; deer-like genotype; C. parvum; C. andersoni; subtyping ID DEER-LIKE GENOTYPE; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; N. SP APICOMPLEXA; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SUBGENOTYPE ANALYSIS; GIARDIA-DUODENALIS; NORTHERN-IRELAND; NEONATAL CALVES; DANISH CATTLE; RISK-FACTORS AB Fecal specimens were collected from 30 calves from birth to 24 months of age at a dairy farm in Maryland to determine the prevalence and age distribution of Cryptosporidium species/genotypes. After centrifugation to remove debris and concentrate oocysts, specimens were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fragments of the SSU-rDNA gene amplified by PCR were purified and PCR products were sequenced. All 30 calves shed Cryptosporidium oocysts at some time during the 24 months of the study. Of 990 specimens, 190 were Cryptosporidium-positive (19.2%). The highest prevalence of infection was at 2 weeks of age when 29 of the 30 calves were excreting oocysts. Prevalence was higher in pre-weaned calves (1-8 weeks of age) (45.8%) than in post-weaned calves (3-12 months of age) (18.5%) and heifers (12-24 months of age) (2.2%). Sequence data for 190 PCR-positive specimens identified: C parvum, C bovis, the Cryptosporidium deer-like genotype and C andersoni, with cumulative prevalences of 100, 80, 60, and 3.3%, respectively. C. parvum constituted 97% of infections in pre-weaned calves but only 4% and 0% of infections in post-weaned calves and heifers, respectively. All C. parvum GP60 nucleotide sequences were subtype IIaA15G2R1. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Santin, Monica; Trout, James M.; Fayer, Ronald] ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Santin, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 173,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM monica.santin-duran@ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 111 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 155 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.04.018 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 330ZE UT WOS:000257980600003 PM 18565677 ER PT J AU Barre, N Li, AY Miller, RJ Gaia, H Delathiere, JM Davey, RB George, JE AF Barre, Nicolas Li, Andrew Y. Miller, Robert J. Gaia, Huguette Delathiere, Jean-Michel Davey, Ronald B. George, John E. TI In vitro and in vivo evaluation of deltamethrin and amitraz mixtures for the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) in New Caledonia SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tropical cattle tick; acaricide resistance; synergism; resistance management ID LARVAL PACKET TEST; CATTLE TICK; RESISTANCE; POPULATIONS; SYNERGISM; PYRETHROIDS; DIAGNOSIS AB Acaricide resistance is a major problem that hinders the control of the tropical cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini), in many parts of the world where cattle production continues to suffer severe economic losses to tick infestation. Deltamethrin and amitraz have been used alone to control R. microplus in New Caledonia for the past decade, and tick populations have developed resistance to both acaricides. A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of deltamethrin and amitraz mixtures, through in vitro laboratory bioassays and in vivo on-animal efficacy trials, for the control of resistant R. microplus on cattle at two dairy farms in New Caledonia. Results of laboratory bioassays using modified larval packet tests (LPT) revealed up to 16.59-fold resistance to deltamethrin, and up to 5.86-fold resistance to amitraz. Significant synergism was observed when amitraz was used as a synergist in deltamethrin bioassays. Amitraz significantly increased deltamethrin toxicity to tick larvae, while deltamethrin was much less effective on amitraz toxicity. Synergism of amitraz by deltamethrin only occurred when the deltamethrin concentration was relatively high. Results of on animal efficacy trials of deltamethrin and amitraz alone and mixtures of both at different concentrations revealed a similar pattern of synergism. Adding amitraz to a deltamethrin formulation led to dramatic increases of percent reduction of both immature and adult ticks. In contrast, adding deltamethrin to an amitraz formulation did not increase control efficacy. Results from this study may lead to the adoption of an acaricide mixture strategy for the control of pyrethroid-resistant R. microplus in New Caledonia and elsewhere. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Li, Andrew Y.; George, John E.] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Barre, Nicolas; Gaia, Huguette] Inst Agronom Neo Caledonien, Stn Port Laguerre, Paita 98890, New Caledonia. [Miller, Robert J.; Davey, Ronald B.] ARS, USDA, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Delathiere, Jean-Michel] Direct Affaires Vet Alimentaires & Rurales, Noumea 98845, New Caledonia. RP Li, AY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM Andrew.Li@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 155 IS 1-2 BP 110 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.04.016 PG 10 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 330ZE UT WOS:000257980600015 PM 18565679 ER PT J AU Chen, M Payne, WS Hunt, H Zhang, HM Holmen, SL Dodgson, JB AF Chen, Mo Payne, William S. Hunt, Henry Zhang, Huanmin Holmen, Sheri L. Dodgson, Jerry B. TI Inhibition of Marek's disease virus replication by retroviral vector-based RNA interference SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease virus; gallid herpesvirus type 2; herpesvirus of turkeys; RNA interference; Micro-RNA; retroviral vector; avian leukosis virus; chicken ID HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; LATENCY-ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPTS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LEUKOSIS-SARCOMA VIRUSES; ICP4 HOMOLOG GENE; TRANSGENIC CHICKENS; CELL-LINE; AFFECTING SUSCEPTIBILITY; EXPRESSION VECTORS; LENTIVIRAL VECTORS AB RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising antiviral methodology. We recently demonstrated that retroviral vectors expressing short-hairpin RNAs (shRNA-mirs) in the context of a modified endogenous micro-RNA (miRNA) can be effective in reducing replication of other retroviruses in chicken cells. In this study, similar RNAi vectors are shown to inhibit replication of the avian herpesvirus, Marek's disease virus (MDV, also known as gallid herpesvirus type 2), and its close relative, herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT). Cells expressing shRNA-mirs targeting the MDV or HVT gB glycoprotein gene or the ICP4 transcriptional regulatory gene show significant inhibition of viral replication. Not only are viral titers reduced, but observed plaque sizes are significantly smaller when the virus is grown on cells in which RNAi is effective. We also describe a modified retroviral delivery vector that expresses a shRNA-mir containing up to three RNAi target sequences and employ this vector with multiple targets within the IVIDV gB gene or within both the gB and lCP4 genes. The use of targets within multiple genes potentially can provide a larger antiviral effect and/or make it more difficult for viral escape mutations to evolve. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Mo; Payne, William S.; Dodgson, Jerry B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hunt, Henry; Zhang, Huanmin] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Holmen, Sheri L.] Nevada Canc Inst, Las Vegas, NV 89135 USA. RP Dodgson, JB (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, 2209 Biomed & Phys Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM chenmo@msu.edu; paynew@msu.edu; henry.hunt@ars.usda.gov; huanmin.zhang@ars.usda.gov; sholmen@nvcancer.org; dodgson@msu.edu NR 74 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 377 IS 2 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2008.03.019 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 320HE UT WOS:000257223500006 PM 18570965 ER PT J AU Spatz, SJ Rue, C Schumacher, D Osterrieder, N AF Spatz, Stephen J. Rue, Cary Schumacher, Daniel Osterrieder, Nikolaus TI Clustering of mutations within the inverted repeat regions of a serially passaged attenuated gallid herpesvirus type 2 strain SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease; gallid herpesvirus type 2; attenuated; 584Ap80; BAC20; genome; sequence ID MAREKS-DISEASE-VIRUS; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; FLUORESCENT PROTEIN EXPRESSION; LYMPHOBLASTOID CELL-LINE; PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; MUTANT MDV; PSI-BLAST; GENOME; GENE; IDENTIFICATION AB Marek's disease (MD) is the leading cause of losses in chicken production in the world. Over the past 40 years significant progress has been made in the control of MD through the use of vaccines which reduce or delay tumor formation in vaccinated flocks. However, these vaccines fail to induce an immune response that protects against infection and virus shedding. Little is known about the genetic changes that lead to attenuation and are necessary for the generation of vaccine strains. Previous research has demonstrated that serial passage of virulent strains in cell culture results in the generation of attenuated progeny. Obtaining detailed knowledge of the changes which are needed for attenuation will be important for advancing our understanding of MD biology and should facilitate the development of more potent vaccines. We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) construct representing the 80th passage of a very virulent plus (vv+) MD virus strain termed 584A. Pathotyping studies have indicated that this strain (584Ap80) is indeed attenuated. Bioinformatic analysis of the sequencing data has identified numerous gross genetic changes clustering in the inverted repeat regions of the genome, as well as subtle changes (single nucleotide polymorphisms or SNPs) scattered throughout the genome. Relative to the parental strain (584Ap9), insertional mutations were identified in the MD-specific genes encoding RLORF1, RLORF3, RLORF6, 23 kDa, RLORF7 (Meq), vIL8, vLip, RSORF1, and five uncharacterized novel genes. Deletions were found in four locations within the 584Ap80 genome. A large deletion (297nt) was found in the diploid genes 85.6/98.6 and a 321 nt deletion within the intergenic region between the U(L)3 and U(L)3.5 genes is predicted to create a fusion polypeptide. A single nucleotide deletion was identified within the origin of replication. Both insertions and deletions were found in the dipoid genes MDV3.4/78.3 encoding the virulence factor RLORF4. The sequencing of the attenuated strain 584Ap80 and comparison to that of the virulent parent 584A passage 9 (584Ap9) has provided a wealth of information regarding genetic changes which have occurred during the attenuation process. C1 [Spatz, Stephen J.; Rue, Cary] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Schumacher, Daniel; Osterrieder, Nikolaus] Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Osterrieder, Nikolaus] Inst Virol, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. RP Spatz, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM stephen.spatz@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD AUG PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.1007/s11262-008-0242-0 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 313VO UT WOS:000256768300010 PM 18516669 ER PT J AU Li, WM Hilf, ME Webb, SE Baker, CA Adkins, S AF Li, Weimin Hilf, Mark E. Webb, Susan E. Baker, Carlye A. Adkins, Scott TI Presence of P1b and absence of HC-Pro in Squash vein yellowing virus suggests a general feature of the genus Ipomovirus in the family Potyviridae SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ipomovirus; Potyviridae; squash vein yellowing virus ID HELPER COMPONENT-PROTEINASE; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; WHITEFLY-TRANSMITTED MEMBER; STREAK-MOSAIC-VIRUS; POTATO MILD MOTTLE; GENOME ORGANIZATION; CODING REGION; COAT PROTEIN; RNA; IDENTIFICATION AB The genus Ipomovirus is one of six currently recognized genera in the family Potyviridae. The complete nucleoticle sequence of Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV), a putative ipomovirus recently described in Florida, has been determined. The 9836 nt SqVYV genomic RNA [excluding the poly(A) tail] has one large open reading frame encoding a single polyprotein of 3172 amino acids, typical of the genome organization for most members in the family Potyviridae. The 10 mature proteins predicted to be derived from the SqVYV polyprotein include P1a and P1b but no HC-Pro, similar to Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV) but different from Sweetpotato mild mottle virus (SPMMV), both recognized members of the genus Ipomovirus. Phylogenetic analysis of these proteins supports classification of SqVYV as a novel species within the genus Ipomovirus. However, the similar genome organization strategy of SqVYV and CVYV, which differs from that of SPMMV, indicates that the taxonomy of the genus Ipomovirus needs to be re-examined and a new genus created within the family Potyviridae to accommodate the observed discrepancies in ipomovirus genome organization. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hilf, Mark E.; Adkins, Scott] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Li, Weimin] Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Webb, Susan E.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Baker, Carlye A.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. RP Adkins, S (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM scott.adkins@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 135 IS 2 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.03.015 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 329ZK UT WOS:000257908900002 PM 18455828 ER PT J AU Neill, JD Ridpath, JF AF Neill, John D. Ridpath, Julia F. TI Increase in proto-oncogene mRNA transcript levels in bovine lymphoid cells infected with a cytopathic type 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE serial analysis of gene expression; real-time PCR; housekeeping gene internal control; translational repression ID GENE-EXPRESSION CHANGES; REAL-TIME; INTERNAL CONTROL; SERIAL ANALYSIS; MDBK CELLS; RT-PCR; APOPTOSIS; BVDV; VALIDATION; CYTOPATHOGENICITY AB Infection of susceptible animals with bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) can result in an array of disease symptoms that are dependent in part on the strain of infecting virus and the physiological status of the host. BVDV are lymphotrophic and exist as two biotypes. Cytopathic BVDV kill cells outright while noncytopathic strains can readily establish persistent infections. The molecular mechanisms behind these different affects are unknown. To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of disease, serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), a powerful method for global gene expression analysis, was employed to examine gene expression changes in BVDV-infected BL3 cells, a bovine B-cell lymphosarcoma cell line. SAGE libraries were constructed from mRNA derived from BL3 cells that were noninfected or infected with the cytopathic BVDV2 strain 296c. Annotation of the SAGE data showed the expression of many genes that are characteristic of B cells and integral to their function. Comparison of the SAGE databases also revealed a number of genes that were differentially expressed. Of particular interest was the increased numbers of transcripts encoding proto-oncogenes (c-fos, c-jun,junB,junD) in 296c-infected cells, all of which are constituents of the AP-1 transcriptional activation complex. Real-time RT-PCR confirmed these results and indicated that the actual increases were larger than that predicted by SAGE. In contrast, there was no corresponding increase in protein levels, but instead a significant decrease of c-jun and junB protein levels in the infected BL3 cells was observed. Rather than an increase in transcription of these genes, it appeared that these proto-oncogenes transcripts accumulated in the BVDV2-infected cells. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Neill, John D.; Ridpath, Julia F.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Neill, JD (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jneill@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 135 IS 2 BP 326 EP 331 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.03.009 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 329ZK UT WOS:000257908900017 PM 18440085 ER PT J AU Abbas, HK Zablotowicz, RM Bruns, HA AF Abbas, H. K. Zablotowicz, R. M. Bruns, H. A. TI Modelling the colonisation of maize by toxigenic and non-toxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains: implications for biological control SO WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; biological control; cyclopiazonic acid; Gompertz growth model; maize AB To successfully exploit biological control it is desirable to understand how the introduced agent colonises the host and interferes with establishment of the pest. This study assessed field colonisation of maize by Aspergillus flavus strains as biological control agents to reduce aflatoxin contamination. Maize (corn, Zea mays L.) ears were inoculated with A. flavus using a pin-bar technique in 2004 and 2005. Non-aflatoxigenic strains K49 (NRRL 30797) & CT3 (NRRL 30798) and toxigenic F3W4 (NRRL 30798) were compared against a carrier control (0.2% aqueous Tween 20). Ten ears were sampled over 12 to 20 days, visually assessed, and curves fit to a three compartment Gompertz equation or other best appropriate regressions. Aflatoxin was determined by HPLC and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) by LC/MS. The Gompertz model describes growth parameters, e.g. growth constant, lag phase and maximum colonisation characterised patterns of maize colonisation for most inoculated treatments. Aflatoxin accumulation in maize inoculated with F3W4 was about 35,000 ng/g in 2004 and 2005, with kinetics of aflatoxin accumulation in 2005 well described by the Gompertz equation. Less than 200 ng/g was observed in maize inoculated with strains CT3 & K49 and accumulation was described by a linear or logistic model. Maize inoculated with strains CT3 and F3W4 accumulated a maximum of 220 and 169 mu g/kg CPA, respectively, compared to 22 and 0.2 mu g/kg in the control and K49 inoculated, respectively. This technique can be used to elucidate colonisation potential of non-toxigenic A. flavus in maize in relation to biological control of aflatoxin. The greatest reduction of aflatoxin and CPA in maize inoculated with strain K49 and Gompertz parameters on colonisation indicates its superiority to CT3 as a biological control agent. The dynamics of maize colonisation by A. flavus strains and subsequent mycotoxin accumulation generated by using the pin-bar technique has implications for characterising the competence of biocontrol strains for reducing aflatoxin contamination. C1 [Abbas, H. K.; Bruns, H. A.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Zablotowicz, R. M.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Hamed.Abbas@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU WAGENINGEN ACAD PUBL PI BILTHOVEN PA PO BOX 179, BILTHOVEN, 3720 AD, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0710 J9 WORLD MYCOTOXIN J JI World Mycotoxin J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 1 IS 3 BP 333 EP 340 DI 10.3920/WMJ2008.x036 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology GA V13RR UT WOS:000207684400015 ER PT J AU Connor, EE Siferd, S Elsasser, TH Evock-Clover, CM Van Tassell, CP Sonstegard, TS Fernandes, VM Capuco, AV AF Connor, Erin E. Siferd, Stephen Elsasser, Theodore H. Evock-Clover, Christina M. Van Tassell, Curtis P. Sonstegard, Tad S. Fernandes, Violet M. Capuco, Anthony V. TI Effects of increased milking frequency on gene expression in the bovine mammary gland SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID EARLY LACTATION; DAIRY-COWS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; YIELD; PROLIFERATION; TRANSCRIPTOME; ANGIOGENESIS; INFECTION AB Background: Previous research has demonstrated that increased milking frequency of dairy cattle during the first few weeks of lactation enhances milk yield, and that the effect persists throughout the entire lactation period. The specific mechanisms controlling this increase in milk production are unknown, but suggested pathways include increased mammary epithelial cell number, secretory capacity, and sensitivity to lactogenic hormones. We used serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) and microarray analysis to identify changes in gene expression in the bovine mammary gland in response to 4 x daily milking beginning at d 4 of lactation (IMF4) relative to glands milked 2 x daily (Control) to gain insight into physiological changes occurring within the gland during more frequent milking. Results: Results indicated changes in gene expression related to cell proliferation and differentiation, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, metabolism, nutrient transport, and immune function in IMF4 versus Control cows. In addition, pathways expected to promote neovascularization within the gland appeared to be up regulated in IMF4 cows. To validate this finding, immunolocalization of Von Willebrandt's factor (VWF), an endothelial cell marker, and its co-localization with the nuclear proliferation antigen Ki67 were evaluated in mammary tissue sections at approximately d 7 and d 14 of lactation in cows milked 4 x daily versus Controls to estimate endothelial cell abundance and proliferation within the gland. Consistent with expression of genes related to neovascularization, both abundance of VWF and its co-localization with Ki67 appeared to be elevated in cows milked 4 x daily, suggesting persistent increased milk yield in response to increased milking frequency may be mediated or complemented by enhanced mammary ECM remodeling and neovascularization within the gland. Conclusion: Additional study is needed to determine whether changes in ECM remodeling and neovascularization of the mammary gland result in increased milk yield during increased milking frequency, or occur in response to an increased demand for milk production. Gene pathways identified by the current study will provide a basis for future investigations to identify factors mediating the effects of milking frequency on milk yield. C1 [Connor, Erin E.; Elsasser, Theodore H.; Evock-Clover, Christina M.; Van Tassell, Curtis P.; Sonstegard, Tad S.; Fernandes, Violet M.; Capuco, Anthony V.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Siferd, Stephen] Express Anal Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Connor, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM erin.connor@ars.usda.gov; ssiferd@ExpressionAnalysis.com; theodore.elsasser@ars.usda.gov; christina.clover@ars.usda.gov; curtvt@anri.barc.usda.gov; tad.sonstegard@ars.usda.gov; vmfernand@gmail.com; tony.capuco@ars.usda.gov OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 FU U. S. Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service [CRIS 1265-3100-086-00D] FX The authors thank Erika Thomas, Marsha Campbell, Amy Hummel, Larry Wood, Tina Sphon, Larry Shade, and Jill Philpot for their excellent technical assistance. Special thanks also to Dr. Kanneboyina Nagaraju for assistance in interpretation of microarray results. The microarray data are available as accession GSE9344 in the Gene Expression Omnibus repository at the National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/. Financial support for expression studies was provided by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, CRIS 1265-3100-086-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Current affiliation of V. Fernandes is Drexel University, College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA. NR 38 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD JUL 31 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 362 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-9-362 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 347JU UT WOS:000259137300003 PM 18671851 ER PT J AU Weber, GM Lankford, SE Corbett, JE AF Weber, Gregory M. Lankford, Scott E. Corbett, Jill E. TI Changes in ovarian expression of TGF-beta superfamily and steroid synthesis related mRNAs in response to 17,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one treatment in vivo in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO CYBIUM LA English DT Article CT 8th International Symposium on Reproductive Physiology of Fish CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL St Malo, FRANCE DE Transforming growth factor-beta; Maturation inducing hormone; Ovary; Rainbow trout AB Members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of peptides including activins, inhibins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) have been identified as important regulators of ovarian development and steroidogenesis in mammals and birds. Their actions in fish have received little attention. In the present study we injected adult female rainbow trout with either vehicle, estradiol-17 beta (E2), testosterone (T), progesterone (P4) or 17,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta-P) and 1 day later collected ovarian fragments for measurement of TGF-beta superfamily and steroid synthesis related mRNA levels by RT-qPCR. Ovarian levels of BAMBI (BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor) and steroid acute regulatory protein (StAR) transcripts were increased in response to 17,20 beta-P and P4, but not E2 or T. The increase in StAR suggests the 17,20 beta-P, the putative maturation inducing hormone (MIH) in rainbow trout, may increase the rate of its own production. Increased expression of BAMBI may attenuate actions of TGF-beta superfamily peptides in the regulation of steroidogenesis if BAMBI functions in fish as it does in mammals. C1 [Weber, Gregory M.; Corbett, Jill E.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Lankford, Scott E.] Cent Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Warrensburg, MO 64093 USA. RP Weber, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM greg.weber@ars.usda.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC FRANCAISE D ICHTYOLOGIE PI PARIS PA MUSEUM NATL D HISTOIRE NATURELLE, 43 RUE CUVIER, 75231 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0399-0974 J9 CYBIUM JI Cybium PD JUL 31 PY 2008 VL 32 IS 2 BP 270 EP 270 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 461OE UT WOS:000267276400138 ER PT J AU Mao, JD Olk, DC Fang, XW He, ZQ Schmidt-Rohr, K AF Mao, Jingdong Olk, Dan C. Fang, Xiaowen He, Zhongqi Schmidt-Rohr, Klaus TI Influence of animal manure application on the chemical structures of soil organic matter as investigated by advanced solid-state NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE animal manure; soil organic matter; solid-state nuclear magnetic; resonance spectroscopy; soil fertilization ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; HUMIC-ACID FRACTIONS; LOWLAND RICE SOILS; C-13 NMR; PIG SLURRY; SUBSTANCES; AMENDMENTS; SELECTION; LIGNIN; H-1 AB Annual application of cattle manure to a farmer's Held in eastern Nebraska for 5 yr caused improved soil N and P supply and increased corn (Zea mays L.) yield in less productive portions of the field compared to another field treatment receiving the same amount of N as inorganic fertilizer. As a first step toward identifying the soil processes that led to these changes, the effects of manure addition on the chemical nature of soil organic matter were investigated by extracting two humic fractions-mobile humic acid (MHA) and calcium humate (CaHA)-from the field soil for subsequent analysis by solid-state (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier Transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Functional groups were selectively identified and quantified through NMR techniques that included quantitative direct polarization. cross polarization/total suppression of sidebands, (1)H-(13)C heteronuclear correlation NMR, (13)C chemical shift anisotropy filtering, CH-signal selection, and other spectral-editing techniques. The CaHAs exhibited high aromaticity and line shapes typical of Mollisols rich in oxidized charcoal, while the MHAs had lower aromaticity and greater contributions from lignin aromatic ethers. Results show that the chemical nature of each humic fraction did not differ significantly between an unfertilized control and the treatment receiving N as inorganic fertilizer. The FT-IR results were consistent with all these findings. The NMR results further showed that the CaHA fraction from the manure treatment was clearly depleted in aromatic rings and enriched in nonpolar alkyl compounds, most likely fatty acids, compared to the other two fertilizer treatments. Selective spectra further show strong indications of enhanced peptide contributions in the manure CaHA, consistent with the improved soil N supply associated with the manure treatment. The peptide enrichment was partially masked in unselective spectra by a simultaneous decrease in overlapping signals for OCH(3) and COO groups that are associated with aromatic components, demonstrating the improved accuracy of the selective spectral-editing NMR techniques. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mao, Jingdong] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Olk, Dan C.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Fang, Xiaowen; Schmidt-Rohr, Klaus] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [He, Zhongqi] ARS, USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Mao, JD (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 4541 Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM jmao@odu.edu OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 FU Thomas F. Jeffress and Kate Miller Jeffress Memorial Trust FX We gratefully acknowledge the Thomas F. Jeffress and Kate Miller Jeffress Memorial Trust for financial support and Jessica Gleason for technical support. We commemorate the late Dr. Bahman Eghball for his leadership in the field experiment and thank the landowner of the farm where the field experiment was conducted. NR 60 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUL 31 PY 2008 VL 146 IS 1-2 BP 353 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.06.003 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 345KO UT WOS:000258995600041 ER PT J AU Dong, W Wang, L Thornton, C Scheffler, BE Willett, KL AF Dong, Wu Wang, Lu Thornton, Cammi Scheffler, Brian E. Willett, Kristine L. TI Benzo(a)pyrene decreases brain and ovarian aromatase mRNA expression in Fundulus heteroclitus SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE benzo(a)pyrene; Fundulus; aromatase; CYP 19 ID ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; IN-VITRO; INHIBITOR FADROZOLE; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; FOLLICULAR CYCLE; TELEOST FISH AB The higher molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) are typically associated with genotoxicity, however, newer evidence suggests that these compounds may also act as endocrine system disruptors. We hypothesized that altered expression of the P450 enzyme aromatase genes could be a target for reproductive or developmental dysfunction caused by BaP exposure. Aromatase is at least partially responsible for estrogen homeostasis by converting androgens into estrogens. In fish, there are two isoforms of aromatase, a predominantly ovarian form, CYP19A1, and a brain form, CYP19A2. CYP19 mRNA expression was measured following BaP exposure (0, 10, 100 mu g/L waterborne for 10 or 15 days) in Fundulus adults, juveniles and embryos by in situ hybridization. The CYP19A1 expression was significantly decreased after BaP exposure in the 3-month-old Fundulus immature oocytes, but BaP did not affect CYP19A1 expression at any stage in adult oocytes. In embryo brains, BaP significantly decreased CYP19A2 compared to controls by 3.6-fold at 14 days post-fertilization. In adults, CYP19A2 expression was decreased significantly in the pituitary and hypothalamus (81% and 85% of controls, respectively). Promoter regions of Fundulus CYP19s were cloned, and putative response elements in the CYP19A1 and CYP19A2 promoters such as CRE, AhR and ERE may be involved in BaP-mediated changes in CYP19 expression. In order to compare the mechanism of BaP-mediated inhibition with that of a known aromatase inhibitor, fish were also exposed to fadrozole (20 and 100 mu g/L). Fadrozole did not significantly decrease the mRNA expression in embryos or adult Fundulus. However, aromatase enzyme activity was significantly decreased in adult ovary and brain tissues. These studies provide a greater molecular understanding of the mechanisms of action of BaP and its potential to impact reproduction or development. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dong, Wu; Wang, Lu; Thornton, Cammi; Willett, Kristine L.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacol, University, MS 38677 USA. [Dong, Wu; Wang, Lu; Thornton, Cammi; Willett, Kristine L.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Environm Toxicol Res Program, University, MS 38677 USA. [Scheffler, Brian E.] USDA ARS, CGRU MSA Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Willett, KL (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacol, 315 Fase Hall,Box 1848, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kwillett@olemiss.edu RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010; OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [R01 ES012710]; NIH FX The project described was supported by grant number R01 ES012710 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH and the contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIEHS, NIH. Parental killifish were collected and provided by Dr. Patricia McClellan-Green, Duke University. We appreciate the help of Dr. Asok Dasmahapatra for training with the aromatase assay and Novartis for providing the fadrozole used in these studies. NR 67 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUL 30 PY 2008 VL 88 IS 4 BP 289 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.05.006 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 338VY UT WOS:000258538700010 PM 18571745 ER PT J AU Lindner, M Green, T Woodall, CW Perry, CH Nabuurs, GJ Sanz, MJ AF Lindner, M. Green, Tim Woodall, C. W. Perry, C. H. Nabuurs, G. -J. Sanz, M. J. TI Impacts of forest ecosystem management on greenhouse gas budgets - Preface SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lindner, M.; Green, Tim] European Forest Inst, Joensuu 80100, Finland. [Woodall, C. W.; Perry, C. H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Nabuurs, G. -J.] ALTERRA, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Sanz, M. J.] Fdn CEAM, Valencia 46980, Spain. RP Lindner, M (reprint author), European Forest Inst, Torikatu 34, Joensuu 80100, Finland. EM marcus.lindner@efi.int RI Woodall, Christopher/D-7757-2012; Sanz Sanchez, Maria Jose/A-6099-2016; OI Sanz Sanchez, Maria Jose/0000-0003-0471-3094; Lindner, Marcus/0000-0002-0770-003X NR 0 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 30 PY 2008 VL 256 IS 3 BP 191 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.04.005 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 331MX UT WOS:000258017400001 ER PT J AU Woodall, CW Heath, LS Smith, JE AF Woodall, C. W. Heath, L. S. Smith, J. E. TI National inventories of down and dead woody material forest carbon stocks in the United States: Challenges and opportunities SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE dead wood; coarse woody debris; fine woody debris; carbon inventory; model ID DEBRIS; SIMULATION; FUELS AB Concerns over the effect of greenhouse gases and consequent international agreements and regional/national programs have spurred the need for comprehensive assessments of forest ecosystem carbon stocks. Down and dead woody (DDW) materials are a substantial component of forest carbon stocks; however, few surveys of DDW carbon stocks have been conducted at national-scales around the world. This study uses the DDW survey of the United States as a case study to examine the challenges of inventorying DDW at a national scale, reviews how dead wood carbon pools are currently estimated in the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory (NGHGI), and suggests opportunities for improving such inventories. The US currently estimates national DDW carbon stocks using models with standing live tree attributes as predictor variables, calibrated using preliminary DDW field estimates. In recent years, implementation of a national DDW inventory has resulted in inventory-based DDW estimates. National field-based DDW estimates follow the national patterns of DDW carbon dispersion seen in earlier model-based estimates. Although the current DDW inventory provides fairly repeatable measurements within a statistically defensible national sample design for producing national estimates of DDW carbon stocks, improving numerous aspects of the DDW survey would may improve the accuracy and precision of C estimates reported in the NGHGI. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Woodall, C. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Heath, L. S.; Smith, J. E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM cwoodall@fs.fed.us RI Woodall, Christopher/D-7757-2012; OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214 NR 56 TC 47 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 30 PY 2008 VL 256 IS 3 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.04.003 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 331MX UT WOS:000258017400005 ER PT J AU Hamman, ST Burke, IC Knapp, EE AF Hamman, Sarah T. Burke, Ingrid C. Knapp, Eric E. TI Soil nutrients and microbial activity after early and late season prescribed burns in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fire ecology; soil enzymes; nitrogen mineralization; soil respiration rate; Sierra Nevada ID HIGH-ELEVATION CATCHMENT; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN FORESTS; PONDEROSA PINE; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; RESTORATION TREATMENTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; WOOD DECOMPOSITION AB Restoring the natural fire regime to forested systems that have experienced fire exclusion throughout the past century can be a challenge due to the heavy fuel loading conditions. Fire is being re-introduced to mixed conifer forests in the Sierra Nevada through both early season and late season prescribed burns, even though most fires historically occurred in the late season. We assessed the impact of early and late season prescribed fires on soil biogeochemical and microbiological parameters that are important for ecosystem recovery. We found that the late season burns had more dramatic short-term effects on soil abiotic conditions (temperature, moisture and pH), mineral soil carbon levels, total inorganic nitrogen, and microbial activity than the early season burns, relative to unburned sites, suggesting a higher severity burn. However, the total soil nitrogen pools and fluxes and soil respiration rates were not differentially impacted by burn season. These burn season effects suggest that soil variables may be regulated more strongly by fire severity than by the season in which the prescribed fire is conducted. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hamman, Sarah T.] Colorado State Univ, Forestry Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hamman, Sarah T.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Burke, Ingrid C.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Knapp, Eric E.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Hamman, ST (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM sthamman@mail.utexas.edu RI Burke, Ingrid/A-1420-2009 OI Burke, Ingrid/0000-0003-4717-6399 NR 84 TC 27 Z9 36 U1 7 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 30 PY 2008 VL 256 IS 3 BP 367 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.04.030 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 331MX UT WOS:000258017400021 ER PT J AU Nelson, JL Groninger, JW Battaglia, LL Ruffner, CM AF Nelson, John L. Groninger, John W. Battaglia, Loretta L. Ruffner, Charles M. TI Bottomland hardwood forest recovery following tornado disturbance and salvage logging SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest succession; Illinois; microsite; Ohio River floodplain; Mississippi embayment; salvage harvest; stand regeneration; wind disturbance ID TUPELO-CYPRESS WETLAND; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS; SOIL SCARIFICATION; GROWTH; REGENERATION; USA; SUCCESSION; COMMUNITY; PATTERNS; DIVERSITY AB Catastrophic wind events, including tornado, hurricane, and linear winds, are significant disturbances in temperate forested wetlands. Information is lacking on how post-disturbance salvage logging may impact short and long-term objectives in conservation areas where natural stands are typically managed passively. Woody regeneration and herbaceous cover were assessed for three years in a bottomland hardwood forest across a gradient of damage from an F4 tornado, with and without subsequent salvage logging. Soil disturbance intensity and recovery associated with salvage logging within wind-disturbed sites were also assessed. Woody stem density and proportion of potential overstory species (species with the potential to occupy a position in the canopy) increased as a function of wind disturbance intensity. Stem density, proportion of overstory trees, or species diversity did not differ between wind + salvage and wind-disturbed-only plots. Significant dissimilarity occurred among soil disturbance classes within salvaged sites. By the third growing season, vegetation in soil disturbance classes in wind + salvage areas was converging toward undisturbed conditions and bottomland hardwood forest recovery was under-way in all vegetation disturbance types and soil disturbance classes. Post-tornado salvage logging, applied judiciously, may contribute to microsite and vegetation diversity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nelson, John L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Groninger, John W.; Ruffner, Charles M.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Battaglia, Loretta L.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Nelson, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, 432 Stoneville Rd,POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM johnlnelson@fs.fed.us NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 30 PY 2008 VL 256 IS 3 BP 388 EP + DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.04.035 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 331MX UT WOS:000258017400024 ER PT J AU Uzoh, FCC Oliver, WW AF Uzoh, Fabian C. C. Oliver, William W. TI Individual tree diameter increment model for managed even-aged stands of ponderosa pine throughout the western United States using a multilevel linear mixed effects model SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE diameter growth; tree-growth modeling; mixed model; repeated measures analysis; Pinus ponderosa ID BASAL AREA INCREMENT; REGRESSION-MODELS; STONE PINE; GROWTH; VALIDATION; SPRUCE; INDEX; SLOPE AB A diameter increment model is developed and evaluated for individual trees of ponderosa pine throughout the species range in the United States using a multilevel linear mixed model. Stochastic variability is broken down among period, locale, plot, tree and within-tree components. Covariates acting at tree and stand level, as breast height diameter, density, site index, and competition indices are included in the model as fixed effects in order to explain residual variability. The data set used in this study came from long-term permanent research plots in even-aged, pure stands both planted and of natural origin. The data base consists of six levels-of-growing stock studies supplemented by initial spacing and other permanent-plot thinning studies for a total of 310 plots, 34,263 trees and 153,854 observations. Regression analysis is the preferred technique used in growth and yield modeling in forestry. We choose the mixed effects models instead of the regression analysis approach because it allows for proper treatment of error terms in a repeated measures analysis framework. Regional growth and yield models exist for ponderosa pine. However, data collection and analysis procedures differ. As a result, comparisons of growth responses that may be due to geographic variation of the species are not possible. Our goal is to present a single distance-independent diameter increment model applicable throughout the geographic range of ponderosa pine in the United States and by using only data from long-term permanent plots on sites capable of the productivity estimated by Meyer [Meyer, W.H., 1938. Yield of Even-Aged Stands of Ponderosa Pine. US Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 630]. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Uzoh, Fabian C. C.; Oliver, William W.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Uzoh, FCC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM fuzoh@fs.fed.us; boliver@fs.fed.us NR 69 TC 24 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 30 PY 2008 VL 256 IS 3 BP 438 EP 445 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.04.046 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 331MX UT WOS:000258017400030 ER PT J AU Pierson, FB Robichaud, PR Moffet, CA Spaeth, KE Hardegree, SP Clark, PE Williams, CJ AF Pierson, Frederick B. Robichaud, Peter R. Moffet, Corey A. Spaeth, Kenneth E. Hardegree, Stuart P. Clark, Patrick E. Williams, C. Jason TI Fire effects on rangeland hydrology and erosion in a steep sagebrush-dominated landscape SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE erosion; fire; infiltration; interrill; rangeland; rills; runoff; sagebrush; water-repellent soils ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE/; SOIL-WATER REPELLENCY; HYDROPHOBIC SUBSTANCES; SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; POSTFIRE RUNOFF; UNITED-STATES; FOREST-FIRE; WILDFIRE; HILLSLOPE; RAINFALL AB Post-fire runoff and erosion from wildlands has been well researched, but few studies have researched the degree of control exerted by fire on rangeland hydrology and erosion processes. Furthermore, the spatial continuity and temporal persistence of wildfire impacts on rangeland hydrology and erosion are not well understood. Small-plot rainfall and concentrated flow simulations were applied to unburned and severely burned hillslopes to determine the spatial continuity and persistence of fire-induced impacts on runoff and erosion by interrill and rill processes on steep sagebrush-dominated sites. Runoff and erosion were measured immediately following and each of 3 years post-wildfire. Spatial and temporal variability in post-fire hydrologic and erosional responses were compared with runoff and erosion measured under unburned conditions. Results from interrill simulations indicate fire-induced impacts were predominantly on coppice microsites and that fire influenced interrill sediment yield more than runoff. Interrill runoff was nearly unchanged by burning, but 3-year cumulative interrill sediment yield on burned hillslopes (50 g m(-2)) was twice that of unburned hillslopes (25 g m(-2)). The greatest impact of fire was on the dynamics of runoff once overland flow began. Reduced ground cover on burned hillslopes allowed overland flow to concentrate into rills. The 3-year cumulative runoff from concentrated flow simulations on burned hillslopes (298 1) was nearly 20 times that measured on unburned hillslopes (16 1). The 3-year cumulative sediment yield from concentrated flow on burned and unburned hillslopes was 20400 g m(-2) and 6 g m(-2) respectively. Fire effects on runoff generation and sediment were greatly reduced, but remained, 3 years post-fire. The results indicate that the impacts of fire on runoff and erosion from severely burned steep sagebrush landscapes vary significantly by microsite and process, exhibiting seasonal fluctuation in degree, and that fire-induced increases in runoff and erosion may require more than 3 years to return to background levels. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Pierson, Frederick B.; Hardegree, Stuart P.; Clark, Patrick E.; Williams, C. Jason] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83715 USA. [Robichaud, Peter R.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID USA. [Moffet, Corey A.] USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. [Spaeth, Kenneth E.] USDA, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Cent Natl Technol Support Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Pierson, FB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Plaza IV,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83715 USA. EM fpierson@nwrc.ars.usda.gov OI Clark, Patrick/0000-0003-4299-1853; Williams, Jason/0000-0002-6289-4789; Moffet, Corey/0000-0002-7071-7539 NR 49 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUL 30 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 16 BP 2916 EP 2929 DI 10.1002/hyp.6904 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 334TQ UT WOS:000258244500003 ER PT J AU Arabi, M Frankenberger, JR Enge, BA Arnold, JG AF Arabi, Mazdak Frankenberger, Jane R. Enge, Bernie A. Arnold, Jeff G. TI Representation of agricultural conservation practices with SWAT SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE modelling; pollution prevention; best management practice; water quality; sediment; SWAT ID FILTER STRIPS; MANAGEMENT; QUALITY; MODEL AB Results of modelling studies for the evaluation of water quality impacts of agricultural conservation practices depend heavily on the numerical procedure used to represent the practices. Herein, a method for the representation of several agricultural conservation practices with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is developed and evaluated. The representation procedure entails identifying hydrologic and water quality processes that are affected by practice implementation, selecting SWAT parameters that represent the affected processes, performing a sensitivity analysis to ascertain the sensitivity of model outputs to selected parameters, adjusting the selected parameters based on the function of conservation practices, and verifying the reasonableness of the SWAT results. This representation procedure is demonstrated for a case study of a small agricultural watershed in Indiana in the Midwestern USA. The methods developed in the present work can be applied with other watershed models that employ similar underlying equations to represent hydrologic and water quality processes. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Arabi, Mazdak] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Frankenberger, Jane R.; Enge, Bernie A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Arnold, Jeff G.] USDA, ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Ternple, TX 76502 USA. RP Arabi, M (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1372 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM mazdak.arabi@colostate.edu NR 30 TC 96 Z9 102 U1 3 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUL 30 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 16 BP 3042 EP 3055 DI 10.1002/hyp.6890 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 334TQ UT WOS:000258244500014 ER PT J AU Cheng, LW Onisko, B Johnson, EA Reader, JR Griffey, SM Larson, AE Tepp, WH Stanker, LH Brandon, DL Carter, JM AF Cheng, Luisa W. Onisko, Bruce Johnson, Eric A. Reader, J. Rachel Griffey, Stephen M. Larson, Ann E. Tepp, William H. Stanker, Larry H. Brandon, David L. Carter, J. Mark TI Effects of purification on the bioavailability of botulinum neurotoxin type A SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A); Clostridium botulinum; bioavailability; food matrices ID DIFFERENT MOLECULAR SIZES; TOXIN COMPLEX; PROGENITOR TOXINS; ENDOPEPTIDASE ACTIVITY; ORAL TOXICITIES; SEROTYPE-D; COMPONENTS; STABILITY; PROTEINS; FORMS AB Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are among the most potent biological toxins for humans. They are primarily produced by the gram-positive, anaerobic spore-forming bacterium, Clostridium botulinum. In bacterial cultures, secreted BoNTs are associated with non-toxic accessory proteins forming large complexes. Neurotoxin-associated proteins have been shown to play an important role in the oral toxicity of BoNTs by protecting them from degradation and digestion by gastric acid and enzymes. Most toxicity studies using BoNTs have been performed using highly purified toxin. In this study, the toxicities of purified and crude BoNT/A toxin preparations were compared. Protein components secreted into culture supernatants along with BoNT/A were identified by mass spectrometry and the contribution of extra proteins found in the soluble crude toxin extracts to the toxicity of BoNTs was determined in mouse models of oral and parenteral botulinum intoxication. Analysis of crude toxin composition permitted assessment of the impact of accessory proteins on the oral bioavailability of BoNT/A toxin in food matrices. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Cheng, Luisa W.; Onisko, Bruce; Stanker, Larry H.; Brandon, David L.; Carter, J. Mark] USDA ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Johnson, Eric A.; Larson, Ann E.; Tepp, William H.] Univ Wisconsin, Food Res Inst, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Reader, J. Rachel; Griffey, Stephen M.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Comparat Pathol Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Cheng, LW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Luisa.Cheng@ARS.USDA.GOV RI Carter, John Mark/K-2485-2015; OI Carter, John Mark/0000-0001-8251-4168; Onisko, Bruce/0000-0003-4657-8257 NR 39 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUL 30 PY 2008 VL 249 IS 2-3 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2008.04.018 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 334SS UT WOS:000258242100006 PM 18538461 ER PT J AU Clemmens, AJ Allen, RG Burt, CM AF Clemmens, A. J. Allen, R. G. Burt, C. M. TI Technical concepts related to conservation of irrigation and rainwater in agricultural systems SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB [1] Forty percent of freshwater withdrawals in the United States are for irrigated agriculture, which contribute more than $50 billion to the economy. Increasing diversions of water for urban, environmental, and other uses will likely decrease water available to agriculture. Water conservation in agriculture is touted as a good method for minimizing the impact of reduced agricultural diversions on production. Because "wasted'' water is often reused until it reaches the ocean, there are limitations to the true water savings that result from programs that aim to increase irrigation efficiency. True water savings can come from four areas: reduction of unnecessary evaporation and transpiration, more effective use of rainfall, reduction of deep percolation water that becomes severely degraded in quality, and reduction of runoff from fields that is not reusable downstream. Any other reduction in net water consumption must come from reductions in evapotranspiration from the crops grown, which requires either reduction in acreage or reduction in crop yield brought on by intentional plant water stress. Other benefits of field or district-level water conservation may include increased in-stream flows (due to lower diversions) and energy conservation due to less pumping or more hydroelectric production, but not result in true water savings, since unconsumed water returns as a usable water resource. Understanding the hydrologic settings is critical to determining true water savings from conservation practices. On-farm water conservation practices that provide true water savings at one location may be ineffective at another. In large irrigation projects, water delivery limitations often present obstacles to on-farm water conservation efforts. C1 [Clemmens, A. J.] USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Allen, R. G.] Univ Idaho, Dept Civil Engn, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Allen, R. G.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Allen, R. G.] Univ Idaho, Dept Agr Engn, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Burt, C. M.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, BioResource & Agr Engn Dept, Irrigat Training & Res Ctr, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Clemmens, AJ (reprint author), USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM bert.clemmens@ars.usda.gov; rallen@kimberly.uidaho.edu; cburt@calpoly.edu NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 29 PY 2008 VL 44 AR W00E03 DI 10.1029/2007WR006095 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 333NG UT WOS:000258158600001 ER PT J AU Evans, RG Sadler, EJ AF Evans, Robert G. Sadler, E. John TI Methods and technologies to improve efficiency of water use SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEFICIT IRRIGATION; VEGETATIVE GROWTH; FRUIT-GROWTH; TREE GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; WHEAT; ANTITRANSPIRANTS; PRODUCTIVITY; AGRICULTURE; YIELD AB [1] The competition for existing freshwater supplies will require a paradigmatic shift from maximizing productivity per unit of land area to maximizing productivity per unit of water consumed. This shift will, in turn, demand broad systems approaches that physically and biologically optimize irrigation relative to water delivery and application schemes, rainfall, critical growth stages, soil fertility, location, and weather. Water can be conserved at a watershed or regional level for other uses only if evaporation, transpiration, or both are reduced and unrecoverable losses to unusable sinks are minimized ( e. g., salty groundwater or oceans). Agricultural advances will include implementation of crop location strategies, conversion to crops with higher economic value or productivity per unit of water consumed, and adoption of alternate drought-tolerant crops. Emerging computerized GPS-based precision irrigation technologies for self-propelled sprinklers and microirrigation systems will enable growers to apply water and agrochemicals more precisely and site specifically to match soil and plant status and needs as provided by wireless sensor networks. Agriculturalists will need to exercise flexibility in managing the rate, frequency, and duration of water supplies to successfully allocate limited water and other inputs to crops. The most effective means to conserve water appears to be through carefully managed deficit irrigation strategies that are supported by advanced irrigation system and flexible, state-of-the-art water delivery systems. Nonagricultural water users will need to exercise patience as tools reflecting the paradigmatic shift are actualized. Both groups will need to cooperate and compromise as they practice more conservative approaches to freshwater consumption. C1 [Evans, Robert G.] ARS, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Sadler, E. John] ARS, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Evans, RG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM robert.evans@ars.usda.gov NR 79 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 29 PY 2008 VL 44 AR W00E04 DI 10.1029/2007WR006200 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 333NG UT WOS:000258158600002 ER PT J AU Scoles, GA Goff, WL Lysyk, TJ Lewis, GS Knowles, DP AF Scoles, Glen A. Goff, Will L. Lysyk, Timothy J. Lewis, Gregory S. Knowles, Donald P. TI Validation of an Anaplasma marginale cELISA for use in the diagnosis of A-ovis infections in domestic sheep and Anaplasma spp. in wild ungulates SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anaplasmosis; sheep; wildlife; diagnosis; cELISA ID DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP; COMPLEMENT-FIXATION; UNITED-STATES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POPULATIONS; CANADENSIS; CALIFORNIA; CATTLE; GOATS AB A commercially available (cELISA) kit for diagnosing Anaplasma marginale infection in cattle was validated for diagnosing A ovis infection in sheep using the bovine serum controls as supplied by the manufacturer (BcELISA) and sheep serum controls from pathogen-free sheep (OcELISA). True positives were identified using two previously established assays, a nested PCR (nPCR) test and an indirect immunotluorescent assay JFA). The BcELISA was also applied to sera from various species of wild ruminants, comparing the results with the IFA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the predicted threshold inhibition for the BcELISA was 19.2. The sensitivity for the BcELISA was 98.2% and the specificity was 96.3%. The predicted threshold inhibition decreased to 14.3 for the OcELISA; the sensitivity was 96.5% and the specificity was 98.1%. There was >= 90% concordance between IFA and nPCR, as well as between the BcELISA at 19% inhibition cutoff and either IFA or PCR. Concordance between the cELISA and IFA using sera from elk, mule deer, bighom sheep, pronghom antelope, and black-tailed deer ranged from 64% to 100%. This commercially available cELISA test kit can be used very effectively to test domestic sheep for infection with A. ovis using the kit-supplied controls (i.e. the BcELISA) and a 19% inhibition cutoff; the kit may also be useful for detecting intra-erythrocytic Anaplasma infections in wild ruminants. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Scoles, Glen A.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Lysyk, Timothy J.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB, Canada. [Lewis, Gregory S.] USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. RP Scoles, GA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM Scoles@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 17 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 EI 1873-2542 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD JUL 27 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 1-2 BP 184 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.12.020 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 326GM UT WOS:000257646600019 PM 18272296 ER PT J AU Fernandes, AF Zhou, JL Zhang, XY Bian, QN Sparrow, J Taylor, A Pereira, P Shang, F AF Fernandes, Alexandre F. Zhou, Jilin Zhang, Xinyu Bian, Qingning Sparrow, Janet Taylor, Allen Pereira, Paulo Shang, Fu TI Oxidative inactivation of the proteasome in retinal pigment epithelial cells - A potential link between oxidative stress and up-regulation of interleukin-8 SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYMES; MACULAR DEGENERATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; IL-8 RELEASE; PROTEOLYTIC PATHWAY; HISTONE ACETYLATION; CYTOKINE EXPRESSION AB Oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated in the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases. Stress-induced overproduction of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), is one of the early events of inflammation. The objective of this study was to elucidate mechanistic links between oxidative stress and overproduction of IL-8 in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. We found that exposure of RPE cells to H(2)O(2), paraquat, or A(2)E-mediated photooxidation resulted in increased expression and secretion of IL-8. All of these oxidative stressors also inactivated the proteasome in RPE cells. In contrast, tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBH), a lipophilic oxidant that did not stimulate IL-8 production, also did not inactivate the proteasome. Moreover, prolonged treatment of RPE cells with proteasome-specific inhibitors recapitulated the stimulation of IL-8 production. These data suggest that oxidative inactivation of the proteasome is a potential mechanistic link between oxidative stress and up-regulation of the proinflammatory IL-8. The downstream signaling pathways that govern the production of IL-8 include NF-kappa B and p38 MAPK. Proteasome inhibition both attenuated the activation and delayed the turnoff of NF-kappa B, resulting in biphasic effects on the production of IL-8. Prolonged proteasome inhibition (> 2 h) resulted in activation of p38 MAPK via activation of MKK3/6 and increased the production of IL-8. Chemically inhibiting the p38 MAPK blocked the proteasome inhibition-induced up-regulation of IL-8. Together, these data indicate that oxidative inactivation of the proteasome and the related activation of the p38 MAPK pathway provide a potential link between oxidative stress and overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-8. C1 [Fernandes, Alexandre F.; Zhang, Xinyu; Bian, Qingning; Taylor, Allen; Shang, Fu] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Fernandes, Alexandre F.; Pereira, Paulo] Univ Coimbra, Fac Med, IBILI, Ctr Ophthalmol, P-3000354 Coimbra, Portugal. [Zhou, Jilin; Sparrow, Janet] Columbia Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Shang, F (reprint author), 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM fu.shang@tufts.edu OI Fernandes, Alexandre/0000-0001-9489-6167; Pereira, Paulo/0000-0002-9908-2290 FU NEI NIH HHS [EY 11717, EY 12951, EY 13250] NR 86 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 25 PY 2008 VL 283 IS 30 BP 20745 EP 20753 DI 10.1074/jbc.M800268200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 327RL UT WOS:000257746100015 PM 18502748 ER PT J AU Chen, N Onisko, B Napoli, JL AF Chen, Na Onisko, Bruce Napoli, Joseph L. TI The nuclear transcription factor RAR alpha associates with neuronal RNA granules and suppresses translation SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DENDRITIC PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; RELATIONAL MEMORY DEFICIT; TERM SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; VITAMIN-A-DEFICIENCY; RETINOIC ACID; RECEPTORS; BRAIN; TRAFFICKING; INHIBITION; INITIATION AB All-trans-retinoic acid stimulates dendritic growth in hippocampal neurons within minutes by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase and mTOR and increasing dendritic translation of calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha and the alpha-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptor subunit GluR1. Hippocampal neurons express RAR alpha in dendrites, and knocking down RAR alpha prevents all-trans-retinoic acid effects on dendritic growth. Here we show, by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of immunoaffinity isolates of hippocampal neurons, that RAR alpha partners with many RNA-binding proteins and translation factors conveyed in dendritic RNA transport granules, including the purine-rich element-binding protein, Pur alpha. The interaction of RAR alpha with Pur alpha, an RNA-binding protein required for dendritic RNA transport, and other RNA-binding proteins was confirmed by tandem affinity purification. Confocal microscopy confirmed localization of neuronal RAR alpha in dendritic RNA granules with Pur alpha and FMRP (the fragile x mental retardation protein). Hippocampal RAR alpha also associates with mRNA, e. g. encoding GluR1 and calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha. Consistent with a granule function of conveying translationally silenced mRNA, RAR alpha inhibits translation initiation, independent of 7-methylguanylate cap or poly(A) tail, and prompts mRNA redistribution to silencing ribonucleoprotein particles. These data afford a mechanism for rapid stimulation of dendritic growth by all-trans-retinoic acid and reveal that the ligand-dependent transcription factor RAR alpha also regulates translation. C1 [Chen, Na; Napoli, Joseph L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci & Toxicol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Onisko, Bruce] Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Napoli, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci & Toxicol, 119 Morgan Hall,MC 3104, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jna@berkeley.edu OI Onisko, Bruce/0000-0003-4657-8257 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 13566]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK090522, DK 36870] NR 32 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 25 PY 2008 VL 283 IS 30 BP 20841 EP 20847 DI 10.1074/jbc.M802314200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 327RL UT WOS:000257746100026 PM 18495661 ER PT J AU Cayuela, ML Millner, PD Meyer, SLF Roig, A AF Cayuela, M. L. Millner, P. D. Meyer, S. L. F. Roig, A. TI Potential of olive mill waste and compost as biobased pesticides against weeds, fungi, and nematodes SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE olive mill waste; compost; bio-pesticide; plant pathogens; weed seeds; fungi; root-knot nematode ID SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; AGROINDUSTRIAL WASTES; FATTY-ACIDS; WATER OMW; TOXICITY; GROWTH; SUPPRESSIVENESS; HYDROXYTYROSOL; ANTIBACTERIAL AB The phytotoxic and antimicrobial properties of olive mill wastes have been widely investigated and demonstrated over the past decade. However, their potential utilization as biodegradable pesticides against plant pathogens is still poorly understood. In this study, a series of laboratory bioassays was designed to test the inhibitory effects of sterile water extracts of two-phase olive mill waste (TPOMW) and TPOMW composts with different degrees of stabilization on several different plant pathogens. Fungicidal proper-ties of TPOMW extracts, assayed in a microwell assay format, showed that the growth of Phytophthora capsici was consistently and strongly inhibited by all TPOMW extracts diluted 1:10 (w:v). In contrast, suppression of Pythium ultimum and Botrytis cinerea by the extracts was not as strong and depended on the specific TPOMW sample. Mature compost inhibited P. capsici and B. cinerea at dilutions as great as 1:50, w:v. Neither TPOMW nor TPOMW compost extracts were able to inhibit the growth of the basidiomycete root rot agent Rhizoctonia solani. in addition, studies were conducted on the allelopathic effects of TPOMW extracts on seed germination of four highly invasive and globally distributed weeds (Amaranthus retroflexus, Solarium nigrum, Chenopodium album and Sorghum halepense). Both the TPOMW and immature TPOMW compost extracts substantially inhibited germination of A. retroflexus and S. nigrum, whereas mature composts extracts only partially reduced the germination of S. nigrum. Finally, TPOMW extracts strongly inhibited egg hatch and second-stage juvenile 02) motility of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. However, only higher concentrations of stage-one and stage-two TPOMW compost extracts exerted a suppressive effect on both J2 motility and on egg hatch. The study shows the high potential of naturally occurring chemicals present in TPOMW and TPOMW composts that should be further investigated as bio-pesticides for their use in sustainable agricultural systems. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cayuela, M. L.; Roig, A.] CEBAS CSIC, Dept Soil & Water Conservat & Waste Management, Murcia 30100, Spain. [Cayuela, M. L.; Millner, P. D.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Meyer, S. L. F.] USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cayuela, ML (reprint author), CEBAS CSIC, Dept Soil & Water Conservat & Waste Management, Campus Univ Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain. EM ml.cayuela@cebas.csic.es RI Roig, Asuncion/G-4170-2011; Cayuela, Maria Luz/B-5612-2008 OI Cayuela, Maria Luz/0000-0003-0929-4204 NR 37 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 25 PY 2008 VL 399 IS 1-3 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.03.031 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 325DQ UT WOS:000257569000002 PM 18471866 ER PT J AU Saseendran, SA Ahuja, LR Nielsen, DC Trout, TJ Ma, L AF Saseendran, S. A. Ahuja, L. R. Nielsen, D. C. Trout, T. J. Ma, L. TI Use of crop simulation models to evaluate limited irrigation management options for corn in a semiarid environment SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; YIELD COMPONENTS; PLANTING DATE; DRYLAND CORN; GRAIN-YIELD; WATER-USE; MAIZE; DROUGHT; STRATEGIES; TILLAGE AB Increasing competition for land and water resources due to increasing demands from rapid population growth calls for increasing water use efficiency of irrigated crops. It is important to develop location-specific agronomic practices to maximize water use efficiency (WUE). Adequately calibrated and validated agricultural systems models provide a systems approach and a fast alternative method for developing and evaluating agronomic practices that can utilize technological advances in limited irrigation agriculture. The objectives of this study were to (1) calibrate and validate the CERES-maize model under both dryland and irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) production in northeastern Colorado and (2) use the model with a long-term weather record to determine (1) optimum allocation of limited irrigation between vegetative and reproductive growth stages and (2) optimum soil water depletion level for initiating limited irrigation. The soil series was a Rago silt loam, and the initial water content on 1 January of each year was equal to field capacity in the upper 300 mm and half of the field capacity below this depth. Optimum production and WUE with minimum nitrogen (N) losses were found when (1) a water allocation ratio of 40: 60 or 50: 50 (uniform) between vegetative and reproductive stages for irrigations up to 100 mm, and a ratio of 20: 80 for irrigations above 100 mm was used; and (2) irrigation was initiated at 20% plant-available water (PAW) (80% depletion). When available water for irrigation is limited to 100 mm, irrigating 50% of the area with 200 mm of water at 20:80 split irrigations between the vegetative and reproductive stages produced greater yield than irrigating 100% of the area with 100 mm water. Concepts developed in the study can potentially be adapted to other locations, climates, and crops. However, precise site-specific recommendations need to be developed for each soil-climate zone using the validated system model. C1 [Saseendran, S. A.; Ahuja, L. R.; Ma, L.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Nielsen, D. C.] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Trout, T. J.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Saseendran, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM laj.ahuja@ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009; OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183; Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 47 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 25 PY 2008 VL 44 AR W00E02 DI 10.1029/2007WR006181 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 331HR UT WOS:000258003800001 ER PT J AU Russello, MA Avery, ML Wright, TF AF Russello, Michael A. Avery, Michael L. Wright, Timothy F. TI Genetic evidence links invasive monk parakeet populations in the United States to the international pet trade SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CONTROL REGION; BIRDS; PSITTACIFORMES; HAPLOTYPES; STRATEGIES; EVOLUTION; PARROTS; FUTURE AB Background: Severe ecological and economic impacts caused by some invasive species make it imperative to understand the attributes that permit them to spread. A notorious crop pest across its native range in South America, the monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) has become established on four other continents, including growing populations in the United States. As a critical first step to studying mechanisms of invasion success in this species, here we elucidated the geographical and taxonomic history of the North American invasions of the monk parakeet. Specifically, we conducted a genetic assessment of current monk parakeet taxonomy based on mitochondrial DNA control region sequences from 73 museum specimens. These data supported comparative analyses of mtDNA lineage diversity in the native and naturalized ranges of the monk parakeet and allowed for identification of putative source populations. Results: There was no molecular character support for the M. m. calita, M. m. cotorra, and M. m. monachus subspecies, while the Bolivian M. m. luchsi was monophyletic and diagnosably distinct. Three haplotypes sampled in the native range were detected within invasive populations in Florida, Connecticut, New Jersey and Rhode Island, the two most common of which were unique to M. m. monachus samples from eastern Argentina and bordering areas in Brazil and Uruguay. Conclusion: The lack of discrete morphological character differences in tandem with the results presented here suggest that M. m. calita, M. m. cotorra and M. m. monachus are in need of formal taxonomic revision. The genetic distinctiveness of M. m. luchsi is consistent with previous recommendations of allospecies status for this taxon. The geographic origins of haplotypes sampled in the four U. S. populations are concordant with trapping records from the mid-20th century and suggest that propagule pressure exerted by the international pet bird trade contributed to the establishment of invasive populations in the United States. C1 [Russello, Michael A.] Univ British Columbia Okanagan, Dept Biol & Phys Geog, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. [Russello, Michael A.] Univ British Columbia Okanagan, Ctr Species Risk & Habitat Studies, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. [Avery, Michael L.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. [Wright, Timothy F.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Russello, MA (reprint author), Univ British Columbia Okanagan, Dept Biol & Phys Geog, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. EM michael.russello@ubc.ca; Michael.L.Avery@aphis.usda.gov; wright@nmsu.edu FU American Philosophical Society; UBC Okanagan FX This work was funded by an American Philosophical Society grant to MR. We thank the American Museum of Natural History for granting access to their collections and P. Sweet for his assistance sampling the specimens. J. Eberhard provided field-collected samples from Argentina and offered helpful comments on the manuscript. J. Wright, D. Hoffmeier, and J. Lindsay with Florida Power and Light Company provided samples from south Florida. The work further benefited from discussions with G. Amato and A. Caccone. C. Hyseni, S. Glaberman and E. Moseman aided in data and sample collection. An internal grant awarded by UBC Okanagan (MR) assisted in covering publication costs. NR 57 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 18 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD JUL 24 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 217 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-8-217 PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 339AQ UT WOS:000258550900002 PM 18652686 ER PT J AU Dowd, SE Callaway, TR Wolcott, RD Sun, Y McKeehan, T Hagevoort, RG Edrington, TS AF Dowd, Scot E. Callaway, Todd R. Wolcott, Randall D. Sun, Yan McKeehan, Trevor Hagevoort, Robert G. Edrington, Thomas S. TI Evaluation of the bacterial diversity in the feces of cattle using 16S rDNA bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CULTURE-INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS; IN-VITRO FERMENTATION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; FECAL FLORA; GASTROINTESTINAL MICROFLORA; PORPHYROMONAS-LEVII; NUTRITIVE DIARRHEA; COMMUNITY ANALYSIS AB Background: The microbiota of an animal's intestinal tract plays important roles in the animal's overall health, productivity and well-being. There is still a scarcity of information on the microbial diversity in the gut of livestock species such as cattle. The primary reason for this lack of data relates to the expense of methods needed to generate such data. Here we have utilized a bacterial tag-encoded FLX 16s rDNA amplicon pyrosequencing ( bTEFAP) approach that is able to perform diversity analyses of gastrointestinal populations. bTEFAP is relatively inexpensive in terms of both time and labor due to the implementation of a novel tag priming method and an efficient bioinformatics pipeline. We have evaluated the microbiome from the feces of 20 commercial, lactating dairy cows. Results: Ubiquitous bacteria detected from the cattle feces included Clostridium, Bacteroides, Porpyhyromonas, Ruminococcus, Alistipes, Lachnospiraceae, Prevotella, Lachnospira, Enterococcus, Oscillospira, Cytophage, Anaerotruncus, and Acidaminococcus spp. Foodborne pathogenic bacteria were detected in several of the cattle, a total of 4 cows were found to be positive for Salmonella spp (tentative enterica) and 6 cows were positive for Campylobacter spp. (tentative lanienae). Conclusion: Using bTEFAP we have examined the microbiota in the feces of cattle. As these methods continue to mature we will better understand the ecology of the major populations of bacteria the lower intestinal tract. This in turn will allow for a better understanding of ways in which the intestinal microbiome contributes to animal health, productivity and wellbeing. C1 [Dowd, Scot E.] ARS, USDA, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Callaway, Todd R.; Edrington, Thomas S.] ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Dowd, Scot E.; Wolcott, Randall D.; Sun, Yan; McKeehan, Trevor] Med Biofilm Res Inst, Lubbock, TX 79410 USA. [Dowd, Scot E.] Res & Testing Lab, Lubbock, TX 79410 USA. [Hagevoort, Robert G.] New Mexico State Univ, Clovis, NM 88101 USA. RP Dowd, SE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM sdowd@pathogenresearch.org; Todd.Callaway@ARS.USDA.GOV; Randy@randallwolcott.com; s_yan_99@yahoo.com; trevor.d.mckeehan@ttu.edu; dairydoc@nmsu.edu; Tom.Edrington@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 78 TC 419 Z9 428 U1 20 U2 138 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD JUL 24 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 125 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-8-125 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 341FT UT WOS:000258700300001 PM 18652685 ER PT J AU Evans, KO AF Evans, Kervin O. TI Supported phospholipid membrane interactions with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; IONIC LIQUIDS; LIPID-BILAYERS; VESICLE ADSORPTION; IN-SITU; PROTEIN ADSORPTION; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; CYTOCHROME-C; QCM-D; SURFACE AB Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation measurements were conducted for a 98/2 mole ratio of 1,2-dielaidoylphosphocholine (DEPC) and 1,2-dimyristoylphosphoglycerol (DMPG) on silica, gold, and a self-assembled monolayer of 11-mercapto-1-undecanol (11MU) and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11MUA) at 50 mol % each. This study demonstrates that vesicles composed of DEPC and DMPG at 98 and 2 mol %, respectively, formed a supported bilayer with unruptured vesicles present when adsorbed onto the self-assembled monolayer. Also, the partially formed supported bilayer apparently deadsorbed in the presence of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, suggesting that surface-bilayer interactions are weaker on a hydrophilic modified gold surface composed of 50/50 11MU/11MUA than the surface-bilayer interactions on silica. C1 ARS, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Evans, KO (reprint author), ARS, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Kervin.Evans@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 EI 1520-5207 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 24 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 29 BP 8558 EP 8562 DI 10.1021/jp7116592 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 327IY UT WOS:000257724000021 PM 18588326 ER PT J AU Luthria, DL Mukhopadhyay, S Robbins, RJ Finley, JW Banuelos, GS Harnly, JA AF Luthria, Devanand L. Mukhopadhyay, Sudarsan Robbins, Rebecca J. Finley, John W. Banuelos, Gary S. Harnly, James A. TI UV spectral fingerprinting and analysis of variance-principal component analysis: a useful tool for characterizing sources of variance in plant materials SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE broccoli; Brassica oleracea; spectral fingerprinting; analysis of variance; principal component analysis; ANOVA-PCA; UV spectrophotometry ID METABOLOMICS; SELENIUM; BROCCOLI AB UV spectral fingerprints, in combination with analysis of variance-principal components analysis (ANOVA-PCA), can differentiate between cultivars and growing conditions (or treatments) and can be used to identify sources of variance. Broccoli samples, composed of two cultivars, were grown under seven different conditions or treatments (four levels of Se-enriched irrigation waters, organic farming, and conventional farming with 100 and 80% irrigation based on crop evaporation and transpiration rate). Freeze-dried powdered samples were extracted with methanol-water (60:40, v/v) and analyzed with no prior separation. Spectral fingerprints were acquired for the UV region (220-380 nm) using a 50-fold dilution of the extract. ANOVA-PCA was used to construct subset matrices that permitted easy verification of the hypothesis that cultivar and treatment contributed to a difference in the chemical expression of the broccoli. The sums of the squares of the same matrices were used to show that cultivar, treatment, and analytical repeatability contributed 30.5, 68.3, and 1.2% of the variance, respectively. C1 [Luthria, Devanand L.; Mukhopadhyay, Sudarsan; Robbins, Rebecca J.; Harnly, James A.] Agr Res Serv, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Finley, John W.] Agr Res Serv, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Banuelos, Gary S.] Agr Res Serv, Water Management Res Lab, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Luthria, DL (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM d.luthria@ars.usda.gov FU NIH HHS [Y01 OD001298-01] NR 18 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 23 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 14 BP 5457 EP 5462 DI 10.1021/jf0734572 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 327HY UT WOS:000257721400002 PM 18572954 ER PT J AU Kagan, IA Coe, BL Smith, LL Huo, CJ Dougherty, CT Strickland, JR AF Kagan, Isabelle A. Coe, Brenda L. Smith, Lori L. Huo, Cheng-Jun Dougherty, Charles T. Strickland, James R. TI A validated method for gas chromatographic analysis of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tall fescue herbage SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GABA; norvaline; Festuca arundinacea; method validation; GC-FID; GC-MS; dimethylpolysiloxane; propyl chloroformate; derivatization; kit ID AMINO BUTYRIC-ACID; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GLUTAMATE-DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY; MASS-SPECTROMETRIC DETECTION; FLAME IONIZATION; IDENTIFICATION; ACCUMULATION; METABOLISM; WHEAT; RICE AB gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in animals that is also found in plants and has been associated with plant responses to stress. A simple and relatively rapid method of GABA separation and quantification was developed from a commercially available kit for serum amino acids (Phenomenex EZ:faast) and validated for tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Extraction in ethanol/water (80:20, v/v) at ambient temperature yielded detectable amounts of GABA. Clean separation from other amino acids in 28 min was achieved by gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection (FID), using a 30 m, 5% phenyl/95% dimethylpolysiloxane column. The identity of the putative GABA peak was confirmed by GC with mass spectrometric (MS) detection. The relatively small effects of the sample matrix on GABA measurement were verified by demonstrating slope parallelism of GABA curves prepared in the presence and absence of fescue extracts. Limits of quantification and detection were 2.00 and 1.00 nmol/100 mu L, respectively. Method recoveries at two different spike levels were 96.4 and 94.2%, with coefficients of variation of 7.3 and 7.2%, respectively. C1 [Kagan, Isabelle A.; Coe, Brenda L.; Smith, Lori L.; Strickland, James R.] Agr Res Serv, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, USDA, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Huo, Cheng-Jun; Dougherty, Charles T.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Kagan, IA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, USDA, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM isabelle.kagan@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 23 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 14 BP 5538 EP 5543 DI 10.1021/jf8000229 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 327HY UT WOS:000257721400014 PM 18558696 ER PT J AU Breksa, AP Dragull, K Wong, RY AF Breksa, Andrew P., III Dragull, Klaus Wong, Rosalind Y. TI Isolation and identification of the first C-17 limonin epimer, epilimonin SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Citrus; limonoids; epimer; limonin ID CITRUS LIMONOIDS AB Limonoids are a family of highly oxygenated triterpenoid secondary metabolites found in significant quantities in Citrus and reported to possess multiple health promoting properties. This is the first known report of the isolation and characterization of an epimer of limonin. The epimer, named epilimonin, was isolated by fractional crystallization from a mixture consisting mainly of limonin and epilimonin obtained as byproduct from our efforts to isolate limonin glucoside. Side-by-side comparison of the MS, IR, and (1)H and (13)C NMR data of epilimonin and limonin lead to the assignment of C-17 as the site of epimerization. An earlier study on the bioavailability of limonin glucoside in humans had indicated that limonin glucoside was metabolized to give limonin and a second limonin metabolite. Results from analyzing epilimonin by the same chromatographic conditions used for the bioavailability study suggest that the second limonin metabolite was epilimonin. C1 [Breksa, Andrew P., III; Dragull, Klaus; Wong, Rosalind Y.] Agr Res Serv, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Breksa, AP (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM apb3@pw.usda.gov NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 23 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 14 BP 5595 EP 5598 DI 10.1021/jf800473z PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 327HY UT WOS:000257721400023 PM 18564847 ER PT J AU Biswas, A Sharma, BK Willett, JL Advaryu, A Erhan, SZ Cheng, HN AF Biswas, Atanu Sharma, Brajendra K. Willett, J. L. Advaryu, Atanu Erhan, S. Z. Cheng, H. N. TI Azide derivatives of soybean oil and fatty esters SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE soybean oil; azide; NMR; ionic liquid; epoxides ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; C-C BONDS; RADICAL REDUCTION; AROMATIC AZIDES; METHYL OLEATE; NATURAL OILS; POLYMERS; CHEMISTRY; ACID; EPOXIDES AB An environmentally friendly water-based pathway to form the azide derivatives of soybean oil and fatty esters is reported. This entails first the formation of epoxides and then the azidization of the epoxides. The azidization reaction is carried out at high yields in water with only a small amount of an ionic liquid as a catalyst. The distribution of azide and alcohol functionalities on the fatty acid moiety is approximately random. This reaction has been applied to methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, soybean oil, and methyl soyate. The resulting structures have been studied by NMR. C1 [Biswas, Atanu; Willett, J. L.] Agr Res Serv, Plant Polymers Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sharma, Brajendra K.; Erhan, S. Z.] Agr Res Serv, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sharma, Brajendra K.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Advaryu, Atanu] Caterpillar Inc, Peoria, IL 61656 USA. [Cheng, H. N.] Hercules Inc, Res Ctr, Wilmington, DE 19808 USA. RP Biswas, A (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Plant Polymers Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Atanu.Biswas@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 23 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 14 BP 5611 EP 5616 DI 10.1021/jf800123t PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 327HY UT WOS:000257721400025 PM 18558698 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Chen, CT Sciarappa, W Wang, CY Camp, MJ AF Wang, Shiow Y. Chen, Chi-Tsun Sciarappa, William Wang, Chien Y. Camp, Mary J. TI Fruit quality, antioxidant capacity, and flavonoid content of organically and conventionally grown blueberries SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium corymbosum; antioxidant activity; anthocyanin; total phenolic; flavonoid; sugar; organic acid; cultural system ID LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; RADICAL ABSORBING CAPACITY; ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; BLACKBERRY; OXYGEN; STRAWBERRY; FOODS; GLYCOSIDES AB The effect of cultivation practices on fruit quality and antioxidant capacity in highbush blueberries var. Bluecrop (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) was evaluated from random samples of commercial late harvest fields in New Jersey. Results from this study showed that blueberry fruit grown from organic culture yielded significantly higher sugars (fructose and glucose), malic acid, total phenolics, total anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity (ORAC) than fruit from the conventional culture. In organically cultured fruit, the average values for the ORAC, total anthocyanins, and total phenolic content were 46.14 mu mol of Trolox (TE)/g of fresh weight (fwt), 131.2 mg/100 g of fwt, and 319.3 mg/100 g of fwt, respectively. In conventionally cultured fruit, the average values for the ORAC, total anthocyanin, and total phenol content were 30.8 mu mol of TE/g of fwt, 82.4 mg/100 g of fwt, and 190.3 mg/100 g of fwt, respectively. The organic culture also produced fruit with higher contents of myricetin 3-arabinoside, quercetin 3-glucoside, delphinidin 3-galactoside, delphinidin 3-glucoside, delphinidin 3-arabinoside, petunidin 3-galactoside, petunidin 3-glucoside, and malvidin 3-arabinoside than conventional culture. There was a significant correlation between the ORAC values and total phenolics and total anthocyanins. These results indicate that even though there were variations in phytonutrient content among individual farms within each cultural system, significant differences between two cultivation practices were evident. C1 [Wang, Shiow Y.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Management Agents, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM shiow.wang@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 106 Z9 109 U1 5 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 23 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 14 BP 5788 EP 5794 DI 10.1021/jf703775r PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 327HY UT WOS:000257721400048 PM 18590274 ER PT J AU Regitano, JB Koskinen, WC AF Regitano, Jussara B. Koskinen, William C. TI Characterization of nicosulfuron availability in aged soils SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nicosulfuron; sorption; availability; aged soils ID SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES; TROPICAL SOILS; SORPTION; DESORPTION; WATER; DISSIPATION; DEGRADATION; RIMSULFURON; INCUBATION; ADSORPTION AB Sorption-desorption interactions of pesticides with soil determine their availability for transport, plant uptake, and microbial degradation. These interactions are affected by the physical-chemical properties of the pesticide and soil, and for some pesticides, their residence time in the soil. This research evaluated changes in sorption/availability of nicosulfuron (2-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl]aminolcarbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide) herbicide with aging in different soils, using a radiolabeled (C-14) tracer. Aging significantly increased sorption. For instance, after the 41-day incubation, calculated K-d,K-app increased by a factor of 2 to 3 in Mollisols from the Midwestern United States and by a factor of 5 to 9 in Oxisols from Brazil and Hawaii, as compared to freshly treated soils. In view of this outcome, potential transport of nicosulfuron would be overpredicted if freshly treated soil Kd values were used to predict transport. The fact that the nicosulfuron solution concentration decreased faster than the soil concentration with time suggested that the increase in sorption was because the rate of degradation in solution and on labile sites was faster than the rate of desorption of the neutral species from the soil particles. It may have also been due to nicosulfuron anion diffusion to less accessible sites with time, leaving the more strongly bound neutral molecules for the sorption characterization. Regardless of the mechanism, these results are further evidence that increases in sorption during pesticide aging should be taken into account during the characterization of the sorption process for mathematical models of pesticide degradation and transport. C1 [Regitano, Jussara B.] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Energia Nucl Agr, Lab Ecotoxicol, BR-13400970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Koskinen, William C.] USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Regitano, JB (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Energia Nucl Agr, Lab Ecotoxicol, Caixa Postal 96, BR-13400970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM regitano@cena.usp.br RI Regitano, Jussara/C-3437-2012 NR 35 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 23 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 14 BP 5801 EP 5805 DI 10.1021/jf800753p PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 327HY UT WOS:000257721400050 PM 18570433 ER PT J AU Gniechwitz, D Reichardt, N Meiss, E Ralph, J Steinhart, H Blaut, M Bunzel, M AF Gniechwitz, Diana Reichardt, Nicole Meiss, Ernst Ralph, John Steinhart, Hans Blaut, Michael Bunzel, Mirko TI Characterization and fermentability of an ethanol soluble high molecular weight coffee fraction SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE coffee dietary fiber; polysaccharides; melanoidins; fermentability; gut microbiota; enzymatic-gravimetric; methodology; NMR; FISH ID TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; DIETARY FIBER; NONSTARCH POLYSACCHARIDES; CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; BACTERIAL-POPULATIONS; STRUCTURAL FEATURES; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; ALDITOL ACETATES; RNA AB Brews from differently roasted Arabica coffees were shown to contain 8-12% ethanol soluble substances with molecular masses greater than 2 kDa, possibly contributing to their dietary fiber contents. About 13% of these substances were nondigestible carbohydrates, mainly arabinogalactans. The nondigestible high molecular weight ethanol soluble fraction (HESF) of the medium roasted coffee brew was further characterized and subjected to in vitro fermentation with human fecal bacteria. In addition to carbohydrates, HESF contained proteins/peptides (similar to 20%), but the main fraction was composed of structurally unknown Maillard reaction products. From NMR spectroscopy, we conclude that intact caffeic and ferulic acid derivatives were not incorporated into the melanoidins to a significant extent. Stepwise ultrafiltration and gel filtration indicated a large variation in the molecular weights of HESF constituents. Coffee HESF was shown to be less fermentable by fecal bacteria than soluble coffee fiber isolated by the enzymatic-gravimetric methodology, and because of its lower carbohydrate content, less short-chain fatty acids were produced during the fermentation. Total cell counts, destructive chemical analysis, and NMR spectroscopy indicated that coffee carbohydrates are the preferred substrates for colonic microbiota. However, NMR spectra, absorbances at 405 nm, and nonprotein nitrogen contents showed that noncarbohydrate and nonprotein compounds were also utilized to some extent but the bacterial species involved in this degradation remain to be identified. C1 [Bunzel, Mirko] Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Gniechwitz, Diana; Meiss, Ernst; Steinhart, Hans] Univ Hamburg, Dept Food Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Reichardt, Nicole; Blaut, Michael] German Inst Human Nutr Potsdam Rehbrucke, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bunzel, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, 1334 Eckles Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM mbunzel@umn.edu NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 23 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 14 BP 5960 EP 5969 DI 10.1021/jf800231q PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 327HY UT WOS:000257721400072 PM 18558695 ER PT J AU Mweetwa, AM Welbaum, GE Tay, D AF Mweetwa, A. M. Welbaum, G. E. Tay, D. TI Effects of development, temperature, and calcium hypochlorite treatment on in vitro germinability of Phalaenopsis seeds SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE orchid; protocorm; propagation; tetrazolium; carapace ID EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; ORCHID SEED; GERMINATION; CRYOPRESERVATION; VIABILITY; STORAGE; SODIUM AB There are no standardized procedures for sanitizing orchid seeds for propagation by tissue culture and there is insufficient information about the optimum stage of orchid seed development for best germination. Phalaenopsis amabilis flowers were hand-pollinated and fruits harvested 90,105, and 120 d after pollination (DAP) for seed developmental analysis. Embryo cell number per seed was counted after staining with 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and viewing through a confocal microscope. Germination percentage and cell number per embryo increased from 14 to 61% and 41 to 66%, respectively, during fruit development from 90 to 120 DAR Seeds from mature, browning (similar to 140 DAP) Phalaenopsis Sogo Lit-Angel and Phalaenopsis spp. breeding line 9450 seed pods failed to germinate until frozen at -196, -80, or -18 degrees C and thawed or chilled at 4 degrees C for 10d. Germinability in 140 DAP seeds was correlated with cracked testa after freezing and thawing. P. amabilis seeds were treated with 0, 5, 10, or 15% calcium hypochlorite (CH) for 5, 10, or 15 min. Ninety six percent of untreated seeds from 90 DAP fruit produced protocorms within 40 d after sowing (DAS). Exposing seeds to 5% CH for 10 or 15 min decreased germination to 85 and 73%, respectively. Exposure to 10 or 15% CH for 5, 10, or 15 min produced seed germination percentages of less than 40%. Protocorms developed root hairs and shoot primordia by 50 DAS and an average of one leaf and root by 85 DAS after treatment with either 0 or 5% CH. Higher concentrations delayed or inhibited protocorm development. Green fruits 120 DAP produced the highest percentage of protocorms, while similar to 140 DAP seeds from browning fruit were dormant but cold treatments increased germination. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mweetwa, A. M.; Welbaum, G. E.] Saunders Hall Virginia Tech, Dept Hort, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Tay, D.] Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, Ornamental Plant Germplasm Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Welbaum, GE (reprint author), Saunders Hall Virginia Tech, Dept Hort, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM welbaum@vt.edu NR 24 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD JUL 23 PY 2008 VL 117 IS 3 BP 257 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2008.03.035 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 331YF UT WOS:000258047800012 ER PT J AU Kamo, K AF Kamo, Kathryn TI Transgene expression for Gladiolus plants grown outdoors and in the greenhouse SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE gene expression; floral bulb crops; biolistics; environmental effect ID CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; COAT-PROTEIN GENE; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; STABILITY; FREQUENCY; ROLD AB Transgene expression was evaluated for Gladiolus plants transformed with either the CaMV 35S, double CaMV 35S, rolD, or Arabidopsis UBQ3 promoter controlling the uidA or bean yellow mosaic virus coat protein gene in either the sense or antisense orientation to determine differences in expression for plants grown in the greenhouse and outdoors for two years. There was more variability in GUS expression when plants were grown outdoors than in the greenhouse for two years. Four of the six transformed plant lines with the UBQ3, rolD, and CaMV 35S promoters grown outdoors showed significant differences in GUS expression from year to year as compared to two of the six lines with the UBQ3 and rolD promoters grown in the greenhouse. When grown the same year, two plant lines with the CaMV 35S and one line with the rolD promoter showed 2-16x higher levels of GUS expression outdoors than in the greenhouse, and one plant line with the UBQ3 promoter had 31 x higher GUS expression in the greenhouse instead of outdoors. Three of six plant lines transformed with the bean yellow mosaic virus coat protein gene in either the sense or antisense orientation under control of the double CaMV 35S promoter showed obvious transgene expression as compared to three lines that did not show expression or negligible expression for both years when plants were grown both outdoors and in the greenhouse. This study verified long-term gene expression, rather than silencing, for Gladiolus plants when grown outdoors and in the greenhouse from year to year. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kamo, K (reprint author), USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Kathryn.Kamo@ars.usda.gov OI Kamo, Kathryn/0000-0001-6862-2410 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD JUL 23 PY 2008 VL 117 IS 3 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2008.04.008 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 331YF UT WOS:000258047800015 ER PT J AU Mutti, NS Louis, J Pappan, LK Pappan, K Begum, K Chen, MS Park, Y Dittmer, N Marshall, J Reese, JC Reeck, GR AF Mutti, Navdeep S. Louis, Joe Pappan, Loretta K. Pappan, Kirk Begum, Khurshida Chen, Ming-Shun Park, Yoonseong Dittmer, Neal Marshall, Jeremy Reese, John C. Reeck, Gerald R. TI A protein from the salivary glands of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, is essential in feeding on a host plant SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE aphid-plant interaction; saliva; RNAi; electrical penetration graph; immunohistochemistry ID RESPONSES; DEFENSE AB In feeding, aphids inject saliva into plant tissues, gaining access to phloem sap and eliciting (and sometimes overcoming) plant responses. We are examining the involvement, in this aphid-plant interaction, of individual aphid proteins and enzymes, as identified in a salivary gland cDNA library. Here, we focus on a salivary protein we have arbitrarily designated Protein C002. We have shown, by using RNAi-based transcript knockdown, that this protein is important in the survival of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) on fava bean, a host plant. Here, we further characterize the protein, its transcript, and its gene, and we study the feeding process of knockdown aphids. The encoded protein fails to match any protein outside of the family Aphididae. By using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, the transcript and the protein were localized to a subset of secretory cells in principal salivary glands. Protein C002, whose sequence contains an N-terminal secretion signal, is injected into the host plant during aphid feeding. By using the electrical penetration graph method on c002-knockdown aphids, we find that the knockdown affects several aspects of foraging and feeding, with the result that the c002-knockdown aphids spend very little time in contact with phloem sap in sieve elements. Thus, we infer that Protein C002 is crucial in the feeding of the pea aphid on fava bean. C1 [Mutti, Navdeep S.; Pappan, Loretta K.; Pappan, Kirk; Dittmer, Neal; Reeck, Gerald R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Chen, Ming-Shun] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Dittmer, Neal; Marshall, Jeremy] Cooperat Res Ctr Natl Plant Biosecur, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia. RP Reeck, GR (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM reeck@ksu.edu RI Park, Yoonseong/J-5861-2013 OI Park, Yoonseong/0000-0003-1191-7335 NR 18 TC 133 Z9 141 U1 7 U2 68 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 22 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 29 BP 9965 EP 9969 DI 10.1073/pnas.0708958105 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 330BB UT WOS:000257913200023 PM 18621720 ER PT J AU Lorenzen, MD Gnirke, A Margolis, J Garnes, J Campbell, M Stuart, JJ Aggarwal, R Richards, S Park, Y Beeman, RW AF Lorenzen, Marce D. Gnirke, Andreas Margolis, Jonathan Garnes, Jeffrey Campbell, Margie Stuart, Jeffrey J. Aggarwal, Rajat Richards, Stephen Park, Yoonseong Beeman, Richard W. TI The maternal-effect, selfish genetic element Medea is associated with a composite Tc1 transposon SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE postzygotic; selfish gene; Tribolium; gene driver ID TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; DROSOPHILA; POPULATION; INCOMPATIBILITY; SUPERFAMILY; DISTORTION; BEETLE; RATIO; HSR AB Maternal-Effect Dominant Embryonic Arrest ("Medea") factors are selfish nuclear elements that combine maternal-lethal and zygotic-rescue activities to gain a postzygotic survival advantage. We show that Medea(1) activity in Tribolium castaneum is associated with a composite TO transposon inserted just downstream of the neurotransmitter reuptake symporter bloated tubules (blot), whose Drosophila ortholog has both maternal and zygotic functions. The 21.5-kb insertion contains defective copies of elongation initiation factor-3, ATP synthase subunit C, and an RNaseD-related gene, as well as a potentially intact copy of a prokaryotic DUF1703 gene. Sequence comparisons suggest that the current distribution of Medea(1) reflects global emanation after a single transpositional event in recent evolutionary time. The Medea system in Tribolium represents an unusual type of intragenomic conflict and could provide a useful vehicle for driving desirable genes into populations. C1 [Lorenzen, Marce D.; Beeman, Richard W.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Gnirke, Andreas; Margolis, Jonathan; Garnes, Jeffrey; Campbell, Margie] Exelixis Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. [Stuart, Jeffrey J.; Aggarwal, Rajat] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Richards, Stephen] Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Park, Yoonseong] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Beeman, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM richard.beeman@gmprc.ksu.edu RI Park, Yoonseong/J-5861-2013 OI Park, Yoonseong/0000-0003-1191-7335 NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 22 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 29 BP 10085 EP 10089 DI 10.1073/pnas.0800444105 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 330BB UT WOS:000257913200044 PM 18621706 ER PT J AU Cohen, SD Tarara, JM Kennedy, JA AF Cohen, Seth D. Tarara, Julie M. Kennedy, James A. TI Assessing the impact of temperature on grape phenolic metabolism SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th In Vino Analytica Scientia Symposium CY JUL 22-25, 2007 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA DE Vitis vinifera; proanthocyanidins; phenolics; metabolism; temperature; climate; gel permeation chromatography; high performance liquid chromatography ID VITIS-VINIFERA; PROANTHOCYANIDIN SYNTHESIS; ANTHOCYANIN BIOSYNTHESIS; CABERNET-SAUVIGNON; FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT; WINE PHENOLICS; BERRY GROWTH; PINOT-NOIR; GENES; TRANSCRIPTION AB This study assessed the impact of fruit temperature on the phenolic metabolism of grape berries (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot) grown under field conditions with controlled exposure to sunlight. Individual cluster temperatures were manipulated in situ. Diurnal temperature fluctuation was damped by daytime cooling and nighttime heating of clusters. Daytime-only and nighttime-only temperature controls were applied for comparison. Berry temperatures were recorded continuously to compare the chemical data. Samples collected at veraison indicated that damping the diurnal temperature fluctuation advanced the onset of ripening. Those berries were larger (double-damped: 0.753 +/- 0.015 g berry(-1) vs control: 0.512 +/- 0.034 g berry(-1)) and more colored than all others. Development of phenolic metabolites was followed by two reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography methods and gel permeation chromatography. These methods provided information on anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavonols, flavan-3-ol monomers, and polymeric material. Damping the diurnal temperature fluctuation reduced proanthocyanidin mean degree of polymerization (double-damped: 21.8 +/- 1.0 vs control: 28.0 +/- 1.7). Proanthocyanidin accumulation at veraison was linearly related to heat summation over the developmental period with nighttime heating yielding the highest concentration and daytime cooling yielding the lowest (night-heat: 1.46 +/- 0.13 mg berry(-1) vs day-cool: 0.97 +/- 0.09 mg berry(-1)). Damping the diurnal temperature fluctuation had a marked effect on the rate of fruit development whereas total heat summation had more of an effect on phenolic metabolism alone. The results provide insight on the direct effect of temperature on phenolic metabolism. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cohen, Seth D.; Kennedy, James A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tarara, Julie M.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Kennedy, JA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM james.kennedy@oregonstate.edu RI Kennedy, James/A-1636-2012 OI Kennedy, James/0000-0002-5453-8469 NR 47 TC 45 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JUL 21 PY 2008 VL 621 IS 1 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2007.11.029 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 325KV UT WOS:000257588700010 PM 18573371 ER PT J AU Stanker, LH Merrill, P Scotcher, MC Cheng, LW AF Stanker, Larry H. Merrill, Paul Scotcher, Miles C. Cheng, Luisa W. TI Development and partial characterization of high-affinity monoclonal antibodies for botulinum toxin type A and their use in analysis of milk by sandwich ELISA SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE botulinum neurotoxin; monoclonal antibodies; Immunoassays; food safety ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; NEUROTOXIN TYPE-A; COLORIMETRIC CAPTURE ELISAS; SOLUTION-PHASE COMPLEXES; CURED MEAT SYSTEM; COAGULATION ASSAY; PURE CULTURE; IMMUNOASSAY; IDENTIFICATION; TETANUS AB Botulinum, neurotoxins (BoNT), produced by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum, cause severe neuroparalytic disease and are considered the most toxic biological agents known. While botulism is rare in the U.S. it often is fatal if not treated quickly, and recovery is long, requiring intensive treatment. BoNT is synthesized as a 150 kDa precursor protein (holotoxin), which is then enzymatically cleaved to form two subunit chains linked by a single disufficle bond. The 'gold standard' for BoNT detection relies on a mouse bioassay. This is a time consuming (up to 4 days) assay and it lacks specificity, however, it gives a sensitivity (mouse LD50) of approximately 10 pg mL(-1). Most BoNT immunoassays are much less sensitive. In this study we describe the development of four high-affinity (dissociation constants (Kd's) in the low pM range) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that specifically bind BoNT serotype A (BoNT/A). These antibodies, designated F1-2, F1-5, F1-40, and F2-43 are IgG1 subclass mAbs with kappa light chains and they specifically bind BoNT serotype A. Western blot analyses following SDS-PAGE demonstrate that mAbs F1-2 and F1-5 bind the 100 kDa heavy chain subunit and that mAb F1-40 binds the 50 kDa light chain. The fourth antibody demonstrated strong binding to the 150 kDa holotoxin in the ELISA and on Western blots following electrophoresis on native gels. However binding in Western blot studies was not observed for mAb F2-43 following SDS-PAGE. A highly sensitive sandwich ELISA, capable of detecting as little as 2 pg/mL BoNT/A was developed using mAbs F1-2 and F1-40. Such an assay represents a realistic, high sensitivity alternative to the mouse bioassay. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stanker, Larry H.; Merrill, Paul; Scotcher, Miles C.; Cheng, Luisa W.] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Stanker, LH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM lstanker@pw.usda.gov NR 28 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 336 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2008.03.003 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 317TY UT WOS:000257044200001 PM 18452945 ER PT J AU Kim, J Campbell, B Mahoney, N Chan, K Molyneux, R May, G AF Kim, Jong Campbell, Bruce Mahoney, Noreen Chan, Kathleen Molyneux, Russell May, Gregory TI Chemosensitization prevents tolerance of Aspergillus fumigatus to antimycotic drugs SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus fumigatus; antifungal chemotherapy; MAPK; chemosensitization; natural compounds; combination therapy ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CELL-WALL; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; CALCOFLUOR WHITE; PATHWAY; MEMBRANE; CHITIN; MODULATION; MUTANTS AB Tolerance of human pathogenic fungi to antifungal drugs is an emerging medical problem. We show how strains of the causative agent of human aspergillosis, Aspergillus fumigatus, tolerant to cell wall-interfering antimycotic drugs become susceptible through chemosensitization by natural compounds. Tolerance of the A. fumigatus mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) mutant, sukA Delta, to these drugs indicates the osmotic/oxidative stress MAPK pathway is involved in maintaining cell wall integrity. Using deletion mutants of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we first identified thymol and 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (2,3-D) as potent chemosensitizing agents that target the cell wall. We then used these chemosensitizing agents to act as synergists to commercial antifungal drugs against tolerant strains of A. fumigatus. Thymol was an especially potent chemosensitizing agent for amphotericin B, fluconazole or ketoconazole. The potential use of natural, safe chemosensitizing agents in antifungal chemotherapy of human mycoses as an alternative to combination therapy is discussed. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kim, Jong; Campbell, Bruce; Mahoney, Noreen; Chan, Kathleen; Molyneux, Russell] ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [May, Gregory] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Div Pathol & Lab Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Campbell, B (reprint author), ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bruce.campbell@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JUL 18 PY 2008 VL 372 IS 1 BP 266 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.05.030 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 315JJ UT WOS:000256874400047 PM 18486603 ER PT J AU Chen, J Vaughan, J Avise, J O'Neill, S Lamb, B AF Chen, Jack Vaughan, Joe Avise, Jeremy O'Neill, Susan Lamb, Brian TI Enhancement and evaluation of the AIRPACT ozone and PM2.5 forecast system for the Pacific Northwest SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; AIR-QUALITY MODEL; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; AEROSOL; PREDICTION; EMISSIONS; AMMONIA AB The Air Indicator Report for Public Access and Community Tracking (AIRPACT) real-time numerical air quality forecast system operates daily in the Pacific Northwest region to predict hourly ozone, PM2.5 and related precursor and pollutant species. In an update to the existing AIRPACT forecast system, the MM5/SMOKE/CMAQ Eulerian modeling system replaces the MM5/CALMET/CALGRID model framework. The new system, AIRPACT-3, has a larger domain that encompasses Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and bordering areas. The system includes a highly dynamic emission processing subsystem which incorporates anthropogenic and biogenic emissions, as well as real-time wildfire emission estimates, and a dynamic dairy ammonia emissions module. As an initial evaluation of the system, forecast results were compared against measurement data for the August-November 2004 period. Analyses showed that the system is skillful in predicting episodic ozone conditions (8-h daily maxima) above 50 ppbv, but systematically over-predicts levels less than 40 ppbv. For fine particulate matter, PM2.5, the system captures the concentration differences between urban and rural regions, and captures qualitatively the speciated distribution of fine PM2.5 component concentrations. A separate emission sensitivity study shows the system can adequately simulate the PM pollution impacts from fire events; however, the new dairy ammonia emission module has lesser impact on the overall PM2.5 forecast performance. C1 [Chen, Jack; Vaughan, Joe; Avise, Jeremy; Lamb, Brian] Washington State Univ, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [O'Neill, Susan] Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd,Bldg M-2, Ottawa, ON K1A OR6, Canada. EM blamb@wsu.edu RI Vaughan, Joseph/B-1714-2013; OI Vaughan, Joseph/0000-0002-1769-1042; Chen, Jack/0000-0002-3764-1149 NR 49 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 18 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D14 AR D14305 DI 10.1029/2007JD009554 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 328KW UT WOS:000257798300007 ER PT J AU van Wijk, MT van Putten, B Hollinger, DY Richardson, AD AF van Wijk, M. T. van Putten, B. Hollinger, D. Y. Richardson, A. D. TI Comparison of different objective functions for parameterization of simple respiration models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; EDDY COVARIANCE DATA; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; CO2 EXCHANGE; FOREST; FLUXES; UNCERTAINTY; OPTIMIZATION AB The eddy covariance measurements of carbon dioxide fluxes collected around the world offer a rich source for detailed data analysis. Simple, aggregated models are attractive tools for gap filling, budget calculation, and upscaling in space and time. Key in the application of these models is their parameterization and a robust estimate of the uncertainty and reliability of their predictions. In this study we compared the use of ordinary least squares (OLS) and weighted absolute deviations (WAD, which is the objective function yielding maximum likelihood parameter estimates with a double exponential error distribution) as objective functions within the annual parameterization of two respiration models: the Q(10) model and the Lloyd and Taylor model. We introduce a new parameterization method based on two nonparametric tests in which model deviation (Wilcoxon test) and residual trend analyses (Spearman test) are combined. A data set of 9 years of flux measurements was used for this study. The analysis showed that the choice of the objective function is crucial, resulting in differences in the estimated annual respiration budget of up to 40%. The objective function should be tested thoroughly to determine whether it is appropriate for the application for which the model will be used. If simple models are used to estimate a respiration budget, a trend test is essential to achieve unbiased estimates over the year. The analyses also showed that the parameters of the Lloyd and Taylor model are highly correlated and difficult to determine precisely, thereby limiting the physiological interpretability of the parameters. C1 [van Wijk, M. T.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, NL-6709 RZ Wageningen, Netherlands. [Hollinger, D. Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Richardson, A. D.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [van Putten, B.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Biometris Math & Stat Methods Grp, NL-6708 PD Wageningen, Netherlands. RP van Wijk, MT (reprint author), Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Haarweg 333, NL-6709 RZ Wageningen, Netherlands. EM mark.vanwijk@wur.nl RI Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; van Wijk, Mark/0000-0003-0728-8839 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JUL 17 PY 2008 VL 113 IS G3 AR G03008 DI 10.1029/2007JG000643 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 328LE UT WOS:000257799100001 ER PT J AU Victoria, B Ahmed, A Zuerner, RL Ahmed, N Bulach, DM Quinteiro, J Hartskeerl, RA AF Victoria, Berta Ahmed, Ahmed Zuerner, Richard L. Ahmed, Niyaz Bulach, Dieter M. Quinteiro, Javier Hartskeerl, Rudy A. TI Conservation of the S10-spc-alpha Locus within Otherwise Highly Plastic Genomes Provides Phylogenetic Insight into the Genus Leptospira SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB S10-spc-alpha is a 17.5 kb cluster of 32 genes encoding ribosomal proteins. This locus has an unusual composition and organization in Leptospira interrogans. We demonstrate the highly conserved nature of this region among diverse Leptospira and show its utility as a phylogenetically informative region. Comparative analyses were performed by PCR using primer sets covering the whole locus. Correctly sized fragments were obtained by PCR from all L. interrogans strains tested for each primer set indicating that this locus is well conserved in this species. Few differences were detected in amplification profiles between different pathogenic species, indicating that the S10-spc-alpha locus is conserved among pathogenic Leptospira. In contrast, PCR analysis of this locus using DNA from saprophytic Leptospira species and species with an intermediate pathogenic capacity generated varied results. Sequence alignment of the S10-spc-alpha locus from two pathogenic species, L. interrogans and L. borgpetersenii, with the corresponding locus from the saprophyte L. biflexa serovar Patoc showed that genetic organization of this locus is well conserved within Leptospira. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of four conserved regions resulted in the construction of well-defined phylogenetic trees that help resolve questions about the interrelationships of pathogenic Leptospira. Based on the results of secY sequence analysis, we found that reliable species identification of pathogenic Leptospira is possible by comparative analysis of a 245 bp region commonly used as a target for diagnostic PCR for leptospirosis. Comparative analysis of Leptospira strains revealed that strain H6 previously classified as L. inadai actually belongs to the pathogenic species L. interrogans and that L. meyeri strain ICF phylogenetically co-localized with the pathogenic clusters. These findings demonstrate that the S10-spc-alpha locus is highly conserved throughout the genus and may be more useful in comparing evolution of the genus than loci studied previously. C1 [Victoria, Berta; Quinteiro, Javier] Univ Santiago Compostela, Fac Biol, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Galicia, Spain. [Ahmed, Ahmed; Hartskeerl, Rudy A.] Royal Trop Inst KIT, Dept Biomed Res, Natl Collaborating Cre Reference Res Leptospirosis, WHO FAO OIE, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Zuerner, Richard L.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. [Ahmed, Niyaz] Ctr DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnost, Pathogen Evolut Lab, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Bulach, Dieter M.] Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Structural & Funct Microbial Genom, Clayton, Vic, Australia. RP Victoria, B (reprint author), Univ Santiago Compostela, Fac Biol, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Galicia, Spain. EM r.hartskeerl@kit.nl RI Ahmed, Niyaz/D-2589-2010; Quinteiro, Javier/C-4410-2011; Bulach, Dieter/D-5793-2011; OI Bulach, Dieter/0000-0001-9823-6078; Quinteiro, Javier/0000-0002-8683-9522 NR 42 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 16 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 7 AR e2752 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002752 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 417DX UT WOS:000264057200074 PM 18648538 ER PT J AU Yu, Y Zhang, HM Tian, F Zhang, WS Fang, HB Song, JZ AF Yu, Ying Zhang, Huanmin Tian, Fei Zhang, Wensheng Fang, Hongbin Song, Jiuzhou TI An Integrated Epigenetic and Genetic Analysis of DNA Methyltransferase Genes (DNMTs) in Tumor Resistant and Susceptible Chicken Lines SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Both epigenetic alterations and genetic variations play essential roles in tumorigenesis. The epigenetic modification of DNA methylation is catalyzed and maintained by the DNA methyltransferases (DNMT3a, DNMT3b and DNMT1). DNA mutations and DNA methylation profiles of DNMTs themselves and their relationships with chicken neoplastic disease resistance and susceptibility are not yet defined. In the present study, we analyzed the complexity of the DNA methylation variations and DNA mutations in the first exon of three DNMTs genes over generations, tissues, and ages among chickens of two highly inbred White Leghorn lines, Marek's disease-resistant line 6(3) and -susceptible line 7(2), and six recombinant congenic strains (RCSs). Among them, tissue-specific methylation patterns of DNMT3a were disclosed in spleen, liver, and hypothalamus in lines 6(3) and 7(2). The methylation level of DNMT3b on four CpG sites was not significantly different among four tissues of the two lines. However, two line-specific DNA transition mutations, CpG -> TpG (Chr20:10203733 and 10203778), were discovered in line 72 compared to the line 63 and RCSs. The methylation contents of DNMT1 in blood cell showed significant epimutations in the first CpG site among the two inbred lines and the six RCSs (P<0.05). Age-specific methylation of DNMT1 was detected in comparisons between 15 month-old and 2 month-old chickens in both lines except in spleen samples from line 72. No DNA mutations were discovered on the studied regions of DNMT1 and DNMT3a among the two lines and the six RCSs. Moreover, we developed a novel method that can effectively test the significance of DNA methylation patterns consisting of continuous CpG sites. Taken together, these results highlight the potential of epigenetic alterations in DNMT1 and DNMT3a, as well as the DNA mutations in DNMT3b, as epigenetic and genetic factors to neoplastic diseases of chickens. C1 [Yu, Ying; Tian, Fei; Zhang, Wensheng; Song, Jiuzhou] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhang, Huanmin] USDA, ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI USA. [Fang, Hongbin] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Greenebaum Canc Ctr, Div Biostat, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Yu, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM songj88@umd.edu FU Maryland State Funds FX Maryland State Funds NR 50 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 16 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 7 AR e2672 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002672 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 417DX UT WOS:000264057200017 PM 18648519 ER PT J AU Bray, MS Young, ME AF Bray, Molly S. Young, Martin E. TI Diurnal variations in myocardial metabolism SO CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE chronobiology; circadian clock; fatty acids; glucose; heart ID CIRCADIAN GENE-EXPRESSION; ACTIVATED-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; CONTRACTILE FUNCTION; ENERGY-METABOLISM; FATTY-ACIDS; SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS; PERIPHERAL-TISSUES; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; MEAL FREQUENCY; BLOOD-PRESSURE AB The heart is challenged by a plethora of extracellular stimuli over the course of a normal day, each of which distinctly influences myocardial contractile function. It is therefore not surprising that myocardial metabolism also oscillates in a time-of-day dependent manner. What is becoming increasingly apparent is that the heart exhibits diurnal variations in its intrinsic properties, including responsiveness to extracellular stimuli. This article summarizes our current knowledge regarding the mechanism(s) mediating diurnal variations in myocardial metabolism. Particular attention is focused towards the intramyocardial circadian clock, a cell autonomous molecular mechanism that appears to regulate myocardial metabolism both directly (e. g. triglyceride and glycogen metabolism) and indirectly (through modulation of the responsiveness of the myocardium to workload, insulin, and fatty acids). In doing so, the circadian clock within the cardiomyocyte allows the heart to anticipate environmental stimuli (such as changes in workload, feeding status) prior to their onset. This synchronization between the myocardium and its environment is enhanced by regular feeding schedules. Conversely, loss of synchronization may occur through disruption of the circadian clock and/or diurnal variations in neurohumoral factors (as observed during diabetes mellitus). Here, we discuss the possibility that loss of synchronization between the heart and its environment predisposes the heart to metabolic maladaptation and subsequent myocardial contractile dysfunction. C1 [Bray, Molly S.; Young, Martin E.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Young, ME (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM meyoung@bcm.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-074259] NR 80 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0008-6363 J9 CARDIOVASC RES JI Cardiovasc. Res. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 79 IS 2 BP 228 EP 237 DI 10.1093/cvr/cvn054 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 322TQ UT WOS:000257398600004 PM 18304930 ER PT J AU Pierson, FB Robichaud, PR Moffet, CA Spaeth, KE Williams, CJ Hardegree, SP Clark, PE AF Pierson, F. B. Robichaud, P. R. Moffet, C. A. Spaeth, K. E. Williams, C. J. Hardegree, S. P. Clark, P. E. TI Soil water repellency and infiltration in coarse-textured soils of burned and unburned sagebrush ecosystems SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE rangeland; sagebrush; fire; infiltration; runoff; hydrophobicity ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE/; SANDY SOIL; POSTFIRE RUNOFF; FIRE; RAINFALL; WILDFIRE; EROSION; FLOW; WETTABILITY; PERSISTENCE AB Millions of dollars are spent each year in the United States to mitigate the effects of wildfires and reduce the risk of flash floods and debris flows. Research from forested, chaparral, and rangeland communities indicate that severe wildfires can cause significant increases in soil water repellency resulting in increased runoff and erosion. Few data are available to document the effects of fire on the spatial and temporal variability in soil water repellency and potential impacts on infiltration and runoff on sagebrush-dominated landscapes. Soil water repellency, infiltration and runoff were assessed after two wildfires and one prescribed fire in three steep, sagebrush-dominated watersheds with coarse-textured soils. Water repellency was generally greater on unburned hillslopes and annual variability in water repellency had a greater impact on infiltration capacity than fire effects. The most significant impact of fire was canopy and ground cover removal on coppice microsites. Infiltration rates decreased on coppice microsites after fire even though soil water repellency was reduced. Fire-induced reduction in infiltration resulted from the combined effect of canopy and ground cover removal and the presence of naturally strong water repellent soils. Removal of ground cover likely increased the spatial connectivity of runoff areas from strongly water repellent soils. The results indicate that for coarse-textured sagebrush landscapes with high pre-fire soil water repellency, post-fire increases in runoff are more influenced by fire removal of ground and canopy cover than fire effects on soil water repellency and that the degree of these impacts may be significantly influenced by short-term fluctuations in water repellent soil conditions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pierson, F. B.; Williams, C. J.; Hardegree, S. P.; Clark, P. E.] ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Robichaud, P. R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID USA. [Moffet, C. A.] ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. [Spaeth, K. E.] Natl Resource Conservat Serv, USDA, Midwest Tech Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Pierson, FB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Plaza 4,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM fred.pierson@ars.usda.gov OI Clark, Patrick/0000-0003-4299-1853; Williams, Jason/0000-0002-6289-4789; Moffet, Corey/0000-0002-7071-7539 NR 53 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 74 IS 2 BP 98 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2008.03.011 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 328ZR UT WOS:000257837200002 ER PT J AU King, LJ Anderson, LR Blackmore, CG Blackwell, MJ Lautner, EA Marcus, LC Meyer, TE Monath, TP Nave, JE Ohle, J Pappaioanou, M Sobota, J Stokes, WS Davis, RM Glasser, JH Mahr, RK AF King, Lonnie J. Anderson, Larry R. Blackmore, Carina G. Blackwell, Michael J. Lautner, Elizabeth A. Marcus, Leonard C. Meyer, Travis E. Monath, Thomas P. Nave, James E. Ohle, Joerg Pappaioanou, Marguerite Sobota, Justin Stokes, William S. Davis, Ronald M. Glasser, Jay H. Mahr, Roger K. TI Executive summary of the AVMA One Health Initiative Task Force report SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [King, Lonnie J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Anderson, Larry R.] Family Care Ctr, Wellington, KS USA. [Blackmore, Carina G.] Florida Dept Hlth, Off Environm Publ Hlth Med, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Blackwell, Michael J.] LLC, Knoxville, TN USA. [Lautner, Elizabeth A.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Services Lab, Vet Serv, Ames, IA USA. [Marcus, Leonard C.] Travelers Hlth Immunizat Serv, Newton, MA USA. [Marcus, Leonard C.] Tufts Univ, Cummings Sch Vet Med, Dept Environm & Populat Hlth, North Grafton, MA USA. [Meyer, Travis E.] Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Hershey, PA USA. [Monath, Thomas P.] Harvard Univ, Pandem & Biodefense Fund, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Nave, James E.] Tropicana Anim Hosp, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Ohle, Joerg] Bayer Anim Hlth, Shawnee Mission, KS USA. [Pappaioanou, Marguerite] Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Washington, DC USA. [Sobota, Justin] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL USA. [Stokes, William S.] US PHS, Washington, DC USA. [Stokes, William S.] NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Interagency Ctr Evaluat Alternat Toxicol Methods, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Davis, Ronald M.] Amer Med Assoc, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. [Glasser, Jay H.] Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Washington, DC USA. [Mahr, Roger K.] Amer Vet Med Assoc, Schaumburg, IL USA. [Nave, James E.] Amer Vet Med Assoc, Schaumburg, IL 60173 USA. RP King, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 6 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 2 BP 259 EP 261 DI 10.2460/javma.233.2.259 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 323LA UT WOS:000257446400027 PM 18627228 ER PT J AU Ebel, ED Williams, MS Tomlinson, SM AF Ebel, Eric D. Williams, Michael S. Tomlinson, Sarah M. TI Estimating herd prevalence of bovine brucellosis in 46 USA states using slaughter surveillance SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Bayesian Monte Carlo; herd-level prevalence; disease surveillance ID CLASSICAL SWINE-FEVER; UNITED-STATES; FREEDOM; MODEL; POPULATIONS; UNCERTAINTY; PROGRAM; CATTLE; RISK AB Making valid inferences about herd prevalence from data collected at slaughter is difficult because the observed sample is dependent on the number of animals sampled from each herd, which varies with herd size and culling practices, and the probability of a positive test result, which depends on variable within-herd prevalence levels as well as test sensitivity and specificity. In this study, brucellosis herd prevalence among beef cow-calf operations is estimated from slaughter surveillance data using a method that combines process modeling with Bayesian inference. Inferences are made for two populations; the first population comprises cow-calf beef herds in a typical U.S. state. The second population represents all beef herds in a collection of 46 low-risk states. The Bayesian Monte Carlo method used in this study links process model inputs to observed surveillance results via Bayes Theorem. The surveillance evidence across multiple years is accumulated at a discounted rate based on the probability of introducing new infection into an area. The process model's inputs include herd size, culling rate per herd, within-herd prevalence, serologic test performance, and the probability of successfully investigating positive results. The surveillance results comprise the number of cows and bulls tested at slaughter and the number of affected herds detected each year. The results find at least 95% confidence that brucellosis herd prevalence among beef cow-calf herds is less than 0.014% (3 per 21,500 herds) and 0.00081% (5 per 6,15,770) after 5 years of slaughter surveillance (with no detections of affected herds) in a typical U.S. state and across 46 low-risk U.S. states, respectively. These results were based on conservative modeling assumptions, but sensitivity analysis suggests only slight changes in the results from changing the assumed process model input values. The most influential analytic input was the probability of introducing new infection into a putatively brucellosis-free state or group of states. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ebel, Eric D.; Williams, Michael S.; Tomlinson, Sarah M.] USDA, Vet Serv Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Surveillance Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Williams, MS (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Risk Anal Div, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Mike.williams@fsis.usda.gov NR 27 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 85 IS 3-4 BP 295 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2008.02.005 PG 22 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 321LE UT WOS:000257305700010 PM 18359525 ER PT J AU Chalupska, D Lee, HY Faris, JD Evrard, A Chalhoub, B Haselkorn, R Gornicki, P AF Chalupska, D. Lee, H. Y. Faris, J. D. Evrard, A. Chalhoub, B. Haselkorn, R. Gornicki, P. TI Acc homoeoloci and the evolution of wheat genomes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE acetyl-CoA carboxylase; Triticeae; grass ID ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE; COENZYME-A CARBOXYLASE; 3-PHOSPHOGLYCERATE KINASE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; POLYPLOID WHEAT; GENE; GRASSES; LOCI; EXPRESSION AB The DNA sequences of wheat Acc-1 and Acc-2 loci, encoding the plastid and cytosolic forms of the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase, were analyzed with a view to understanding the evolution of these genes and the origin of the three genomes in modern hexaploid wheat. Acc-1 and Acc-2 loci from each of the wheats Triticum urartu (A genome), Aegilops tauschii (D genome), Triticum turgidum (AB genome), and Triticum aestivum (ABD genome), as well as two Acc-2-related pseudogenes from T urartu were sequenced. The 2.3-2.4 Mya divergence time calculated here for the three homoeologous chromosomes, on the basis of coding and intron sequences of the Acc-1 genes, is at the low end of other estimates. Our clock was calibrated by using 60 Mya for the divergence between wheat and maize. On the same time scale, wheat and barley diverged 11.6 Mya, based on sequences of Acc and other genes. The regions flanking the Acc genes are not conserved among the A, B, and D genomes. They are conserved when comparing homoeologous genomes of diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid wheats. Substitution rates in intergenic regions consisting primarily of repetitive sequences vary substantially along the loci and on average are 3.5-fold higher than the Acc intron substitution rates. The composition of the Acc homoeoloci suggests haplotype divergence exceeding in some cases 0.5 Mya. Such variation might result in a significant overestimate of the time since tetraploid wheat formation, which occurred no more than 0.5 Mya. C1 [Chalupska, D.; Lee, H. Y.; Haselkorn, R.; Gornicki, P.] Univ Chicago, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Faris, J. D.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Evrard, A.; Chalhoub, B.] Inst Natl Rech Agron, Org & Evolut Plant Genomes, Unite Rech Genom Vegetale, F-91150 Evry, France. RP Haselkorn, R (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, 920 E 58Th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM rho1@uchicago.edu; pg13@uchicago.edu RI Chalupska, Dominika/H-1369-2014 NR 23 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 3 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 28 BP 9691 EP 9696 DI 10.1073/pnas.0803981105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 328FV UT WOS:000257784700044 PM 18599450 ER PT J AU Reeves, PG Chaney, RL AF Reeves, Philip G. Chaney, Rufus L. TI Bioavailability as an issue in risk assessment and management of food cadmium: A review SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE cadmium; trace minerals; bioavailability; absorption; risk assessment ID DIETARY-CADMIUM; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; NUTRITIONAL FACTORS; SUNFLOWER KERNELS; IRON; ZINC; RATS; CALCIUM; RETENTION; COPPER AB The bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) from food is an important determinant of the potential risk of this toxic element. This review summarizes the effects of marginal deficiencies of the essential nutrients zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and calcium (Ca) on the enhancement of absorption and organ accumulation and retention of dietary Cd in laboratory animals. These marginal deficiencies enhanced Cd absorption as much as ten-fold from diets containing low Cd concentrations similar to that consumed by some human populations, indicating that people who are nutritionally marginal with respect to Zn, Fe, and Ca are at higher risk of Cd disease than those who are nutritionally adequate. Results from these studies also suggest that the bioavailability of Cd is different for different food sources. This has implications for the design of food safety rules for Cd in that if the dietary source plays such a significant role in the risk of Cd, then different foods would require different Cd limits. Lastly, the importance of food-level exposures of Cd and other potentially toxic elements in the study of risk assessment are emphasized. Most foods contain low concentrations of Cd that are poorly absorbed, and it is neither relevant nor practical to use toxic doses of Cd in experimental diets to study food Cd risks. A more comprehensive understanding of the biochemistry involved in the bioavailability of Cd from foods would help resolve food safety questions and provide the support for a badly needed advance in international policies regarding Cd in crops and foods. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Reeves, Philip G.] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. [Chaney, Rufus L.] ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byproduct Utilizat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst,Henry A Wallace Beltsvi, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Reeves, PG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM philip.reeves@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 79 Z9 87 U1 7 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 398 IS 1-3 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.03.009 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 316WH UT WOS:000256979900002 PM 18430461 ER PT J AU Karcher, EL Beitz, DC Stabel, JR AF Karcher, E. L. Beitz, D. C. Stabel, J. R. TI Parturition invokes changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations in Holstein dairy cows naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium avitan subsp paratuberculosis; lymphocytes; periparturient; peripheral blood mononuclear cells ID CD8(+) T-CELLS; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; JOHNES-DISEASE; PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD; INTERFERON-GAMMA; B-CELLS; BOVINE PARATUBERCULOSIS; NEUTROPHIL FUNCTION; ADHESION MOLECULES; POSTPARTUM PERIOD AB Johne's disease (JD) is characterized by a protracted period of subclinical infection. Infected cows may remain in the subclinical state until stressors such as parturition and lactation invoke more clinical signs of disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the percentages of CD4(+), CD8(+), and gamma delta T-cells, B-cells, monocytes, as well as the expression of the activation marker, CD5, on these cell subpopulations in the peripheral blood of dairy cows naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium, subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) during the periparturient period. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from 3 wk pre- to 4 wk post-calving and freshly isolated or cultured for 7 d. Day 7 cultures were infected with live MAP at a 10: 1 MOI (bacteria to adherent PBMC), and cultures were incubated for an additional 24 h. Fluorescent antibody labeling of lymphocyte subsets and monocytes was conducted and analyzed with flow cytometry. Freshly isolated PBMCs from subclinical cows expressed a greater (P < 0.05) percentage of CD8(+) and gamma delta T-cells compared with clinical cows. The percentage of CD4(+) T-cells increased (P < 0.08) in Clinical cows as parturition approached. During the postpartum period, clinical cows had greater (P < 0.05) CD4:CD8 ratios compared with subclinical and control cows. After 8 d, uninfected PBMCs from clinical cows had greater (P < 0.05) percentages of CD14(+) cells compared with subclinical cows. When infected with live MAP, there was no effect of infection group or parturition on cell subpopulations. In fresh PBMCs, clinical cows expressed lower percentages of CD4(+)CD5(bright) and CD8(+)CD5(bright) compared with control cows, but greater percentages of CD5(dim) cells for all lymphocyte subsets. These results suggest changes in the percentages of lymphocyte subsets, monocytes, and CD5 markers are modulated by both infection status and the periparturient period. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stabel, J. R.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Karcher, E. L.; Beitz, D. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM judy.stabel@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JUL 15 PY 2008 VL 124 IS 1-2 BP 50 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.01.006 PG 13 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 321BH UT WOS:000257278700005 PM 18294700 ER PT J AU Heaton, MP Keele, JW Harhay, GP Richt, JA Koohmaraie, M Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Casas, E King, DA Sonstegard, TS Van Tassell, CP Neibergs, HL Chase, CC Kalbfleisch, TS Smith, TPL Clawson, ML Laegreid, WW AF Heaton, Michael P. Keele, John W. Harhay, Gregory P. Richt, Juergen A. Koohmaraie, Mohammad Wheeler, Tommy L. Shackelford, Steven D. Casas, Eduardo King, D. Andy Sonstegard, Tad S. Van Tassell, Curtis P. Neibergs, Holly L. Chase, Chad C., Jr. Kalbfleisch, Theodore S. Smith, Timothy P. L. Clawson, Michael L. Laegreid, William W. TI Prevalence of the prion protein gene E211K variant in US cattle SO BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; SEQUENCE VARIATION; BEEF-CATTLE; BSE; HAPLOTYPES; ORIGIN; STRAIN AB Background: In 2006, an atypical U. S. case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was discovered in Alabama and later reported to be polymorphic for glutamate (E) and lysine (K) codons at position 211 in the bovine prion protein gene (Prnp) coding sequence. A bovine E211K mutation is important because it is analogous to the most common pathogenic mutation in humans (E200K) which causes hereditary Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease, an autosomal dominant form of prion disease. The present report describes a high-throughput matrix associated laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry assay for scoring the Prnp E211K variant and its use to determine an upper limit for the K211 allele frequency in U. S. cattle. Results: The K211 allele was not detected in 6062 cattle, including those from five commercial beef processing plants (3892 carcasses) and 2170 registered cattle from 42 breeds. Multiple nearby polymorphisms in Prnp coding sequence of 1456 diverse purebred cattle (42 breeds) did not interfere with scoring E211 or K211 alleles. Based on these results, the upper bounds for prevalence of the E211K variant was estimated to be extremely low, less than 1 in 2000 cattle (Bayesian analysis based on 95% quantile of the posterior distribution with a uniform prior). Conclusion: No groups or breeds of U. S. cattle are presently known to harbor the Prnp K211 allele. Because a carrier was not detected, the number of additional atypical BSE cases with K211 will also be vanishingly low. C1 [Heaton, Michael P.; Keele, John W.; Harhay, Gregory P.; Koohmaraie, Mohammad; Wheeler, Tommy L.; Shackelford, Steven D.; Casas, Eduardo; King, D. Andy; Smith, Timothy P. L.; Clawson, Michael L.; Laegreid, William W.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Richt, Juergen A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Sonstegard, Tad S.; Van Tassell, Curtis P.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Neibergs, Holly L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chase, Chad C., Jr.] ARS, USDA, STARS, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. [Kalbfleisch, Theodore S.] Univ Louisville, Ctr Genet & Mol Med, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. [Koohmaraie, Mohammad] IEH Labs & Consulting Grp, Lake Forest Pk, WA 98155 USA. [Laegreid, William W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. RP Heaton, MP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, State Spur 18D,POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM mike.heaton@ars.usda.gov; john.keele@ars.usda.gov; gregory.harhay@ars.usda.gov; jricht@ksu.edu; mk@iehinc.com; tommy.wheeler@ars.usda.gov; steven.shackelford@ars.usda.gov; eduardo.casas@ars.usda.gov; andy.king@ars.usda.gov; tad.sonstegard@ars.usda.gov; curt.vantassell@ars.usda.gov; neibergs@wsu.edu; chad.chase@ars.usda.gov; ted.kalbfleisch@louisville.edu; tim.smith@ars.usda.gov; mike.clawson@ars.usda.gov; laegreid@uiuc.edu RI Keele, John/A-5846-2009; Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013; OI Clawson, Michael/0000-0002-3355-5390; Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI 77774-01, P01 AI077774] NR 34 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1746-6148 J9 BMC VET RES JI BMC Vet. Res. PD JUL 14 PY 2008 VL 4 AR 25 DI 10.1186/1746-6148-4-25 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 331RD UT WOS:000258029400001 PM 18625065 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH AF Ziska, Lewis H. TI Three-year field evaluation of early and late 20th century spring wheat cultivars to projected increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE breeding; carbon dioxide; wheat ID CO2; YIELD; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; SENSITIVITY; SELECTION AB Carbon dioxide (CO(2)) along with light, water and nutrients, represents an essential resource needed for plant growth and reproduction. Projected and recent increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide may allow breeders and agronomists to begin intra-specific selection for yield traits associated with CO(2) sensitivity. However, selection for maximum yield, particularly for cereals, is continuous, and it is possible that modern cereal cultivars are, in fact, the most CO(2) sensitive. To test CO(2) responsiveness, we examined two contrasting spring wheat cultivars, Marquis and Oxen, over a 3-year period under field conditions at two different planting densities. Marquis was introduced into North America in 1903, and is taller, with greater tiller plasticity (i.e. greater variation in tiller production), smaller seed and lower harvest index relative to modern wheat cultivars. Oxen, a modern cultivar released in 1996, produces fewer tillers, and has larger seed with a higher harvest index relative to Marquis. As would be expected, under ambient CO(2) conditions, Oxen produced more seed than Marquis for all 3 years. However, at a CO(2) concentration 250 mu mol mol(-1) above ambient (a concentration anticipated in the next 50-100 years), no differences were observed in seed yield between the two cultivars, and vegetative above ground biomass (e.g. tillers), was significantly higher for Marquis relative to Oxen in 2006 and 2007. Significant CO(2) by cultivar interaction was observed as a result of greater tiller production and an increased percentage of tillers bearing panicles for the Marquis relative to the Oxen cultivar at elevated carbon dioxide. This greater increase in tiller bearing panicles also resulted in a significant increase in harvest index for the Marquis cultivar as CO(2) increased. While preliminary, these results intimate that newer cultivars are not intrinsically more CO(2) responsive; rather, that yield sensitivity may be dependent on the availability of reproductive sinks to assimilate additional carbon. Overall, understanding and characterizing vegetative vs. reproductive sink capacity between cultivars may offer new opportunities for breeders to exploit and adapt varieties of wheat to projected increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Bldg 1,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM l.ziska@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JUL 11 PY 2008 VL 108 IS 1 BP 54 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2008.03.006 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 323WP UT WOS:000257479400006 ER PT J AU Zald, HSJ Gray, AN North, M Kern, RA AF Zald, Harold S. J. Gray, Andrew N. North, Malcolm Kern, Ruth A. TI Initial tree regeneration responses to fire and thinning treatments in a Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest regeneration; mixed-conifer; fire; thinning; microsite; seed rain ID RESTORATION TREATMENTS; ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT; SEED DISPERSAL; DOUGLAS-FIR; PINE; CALIFORNIA; REGIMES; SUPPRESSION; ECOSYSTEMS; PATCHES AB Fire is a driver of ecosystem patterns and processes in forests globally, but natural fire regimes have often been altered by decades of active fire management. Following almost a century of fire suppression, many western U.S. forests have greater fuel levels, higher tree densities, and are now dominated by firesensitive, shade-tolerant species. These fuel-loaded conditions can often result in high-intensity crown fires replacing historic low- to moderate-intensity fire regimes. In the mixed-conifer forests of the California Sierra Nevada, thinning and prescribed fire are widely used to reduce fuels and shift future stand composition from shade-tolerant species to more fire-resistant pines (Pinus lambertiana and Pinus jeffreyi) that were historically more abundant. The impacts of these treatments, however, on forest regeneration composition and abundance are unclear. We examined the effects of prescribed fire and common thinning treatments (understory and overstory thinning) on microsite conditions, seed rain, and tree regeneration in an old-growth, mixed-conifer forest in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA. Treatments significantly altered environmental conditions, but there was substantial variation and overlap in conditions among treatments. Seed rain of shade-tolerant Abies concolor and Calocedrus decurrens was 526 times greater than A jeffreyi and A lambertiana, creating inertia in efforts to shift stands towards increased pine abundance. Survival of Pinus germinants was greatest in burned microsites. The burnoverstory thin treatment had both the highest mortality of advanced A. concolor and C. decurrens regeneration and the greatest increase in pine regeneration. Species occupied microsites gradating from low light/high moisture to high light/low moisture in the order: C. decurrens, A. concolor, A lambertiana, and P. jeffreyi. Results suggest prescriptions may need to thin mature A. concolor and C. decurrens to significantly reduce their seed rain, create an abundance of burned open microsites, or plant Pinus seedlings to shift regeneration composition in treated stands. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zald, Harold S. J.; Gray, Andrew N.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [North, Malcolm] USDA, US Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Kern, Ruth A.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Biol, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. RP Zald, HSJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM hzald@fs.fed.us; agray0l@fs.fed.us; mnorth@fs.fed.us; rakern@csufresno.edu NR 75 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 10 PY 2008 VL 256 IS 1-2 BP 168 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.04.022 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 325YM UT WOS:000257625100019 ER PT J AU Lin, JT Arcinas, A AF Lin, Jiann-Tsyh Arcinas, Arthur TI Analysis of regiospecific triacylglycerols by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry(3) of lithiated adducts SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE regiospecific; triacylglycerols; electrospray ionization; mass spectrometry; lithiated adducts; alpha,beta-unsaturated fatty acids; olive oil ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COMMUNIS L. OIL; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; VEGETABLE-OILS; QUANTIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB A method of regiospecific analysis of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in vegetable oils and animal fats is reported here using the electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (MS3) of TAG-lithiated adducts. The fragment ions of the MS3 from the loss of fatty acids at the sn-2 position as alpha,beta-unsaturated fatty acids were used for regiospecific identification and quantification. The ratio of the regiospecific TAGs, ABA and AAB, in an oil sample usually fraction collected by high-performance liquid chromatography can be determined by the abundance of the fragment ions of [ABA + Li - ACOOH - B'CH=CHCOOH](+) and [AAB + Li - ACOOH - A'CH=CHCOOH](+). The method was used to analyze regiospecific TAGs in extra virgin olive oil. The results showed that the saturated fatty acids, palmitic and stearic acids, were mostly located at the sn-1,3 positions and unsaturated fatty acids, oleic and linoleic acids, were mostly located at the sn-2 position. C1 [Lin, Jiann-Tsyh; Arcinas, Arthur] Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lin, JT (reprint author), Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Agr Res Serv, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jiann.lin@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 9 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 13 BP 4909 EP 4915 DI 10.1021/jf072837k PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 321VU UT WOS:000257335400004 PM 18553882 ER PT J AU Zilkowski, BW Bartelt, RJ Vermillion, K AF Zilkowski, Bruce W. Bartelt, Robert J. Vermillion, Karl TI Analysis of 2,4,6-nonatrienal geometrical isomers from male flea beetles, Epitrix hirtipennis and E. fuscula SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 2,4,6-nonatrienal; Epitrix hirtipennis; Epitrix fuscula; pheromone; food volatiles; photo-isomerization; GC; HPLC; NMR ID VOLATILE CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; LIPOXYGENASE; CONSTITUENTS; LEAVES; BEANS; L. AB Geometrical isomers of 2,4,6-nonatrienal have been reported from a variety of food- and insect-related sources. It was discovered recently that the eggplant flea beetle, Epitrix fuscula, uses the (2E,4E,6Z) and (2E,4E,6E) isomers as,components of its male-produced aggregation pheromone. Here, we learned that the related species, E. hirtipennis, also emits a blend of 2,4,6-nonatrienals, including isomers not previously characterized. Patterns in emission and response suggest a pheromonal function. In an effort to acquire standards to aid in identification, we found that exposing (2E,4E,6E)-2,4,6-nonatrienal (or other available 2,4,6-nonatrienals) to light readily generated a mixture of six geometrical isomers. Configurations of these were determined by NMR, and chromatographic properties (GC and HPLC) were documented. On the basis of chromatographic comparison to these standards, the most abundant, new compound from E hirtipennis was concluded to be (2E,4Z,6Z)-2,4,6-nonatrienal. Minor components from both E hirtipennis and E fuscula were also characterized. The analytical approach given here would also be of use in the food industry, where 2,4,6-nonatrienals are important as aroma compounds. C1 [Zilkowski, Bruce W.; Bartelt, Robert J.; Vermillion, Karl] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Zilkowski, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Bruce.Zilkowski@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 9 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 13 BP 4982 EP 4986 DI 10.1021/jf8005273 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 321VU UT WOS:000257335400014 PM 18553913 ER PT J AU Tan, SY Yeung, CK Tako, E Glahn, RP Welch, RM Lei, X Miller, DD AF Tan, Siow Ying Yeung, Chi Kong Tako, Elad Glahn, Raymond P. Welch, Ross M. Lei, Xingen Miller, Dennis D. TI Iron bioavailability to piglets from red and white common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE iron bioavailability; beans; polyphenols; pigs; hemoglobin repletion; proline-rich protein ID PROLINE-RICH PROTEINS; CACO-2 CELL MODEL; L.; RATS; ABSORPTION; TANNINS; POLYPHENOLS; KAEMPFEROL; CULTURE; WOMEN AB Polyphenols in foods may chelate dietary Fe and lower its bioavailability. Concentrations of phenols are higher in red beans than in white beans. The aim of this study was to compare iron bioavailabilities from red and white beans in a piglet hemoglobin repletion model. Fe deficient cross bred piglets (Hampshire x Landrace x Yorkshire) were used. Nutritionally balanced diets (except for Fe) were formulated to contain 50% precooked, dehydrated beans (either small red or Great Northern white). At age 5 weeks, the piglets were assigned to two groups and fed diets containing either red or white beans for 4 weeks. Weight and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations were monitored weekly. Feed intakes were measured daily. Hemoglobin repletion efficiency (HRE) was calculated as the gain in total body hemoglobin Fe (Hb-Fe) divided by Fe intake. Hb concentrations, Hb-Fe gains, and HRE were not different between the groups at any time point (p > 0.05). HRE values in the red bean group were 50% in the first week and 30% over the entire 4 week period. In the white bean group, they were 56 and 26%, respectively. Proline-rich protein mRNA concentrations in parotid glands were higher in the red bean group compared to the white bean group. These results show that iron bioavailabilities from red and white beans are similar and suggest that pigs adapt to the inhibitory effects of polyphenols on iron absorption by increasing the secretion of protective proline-rich proteins in the saliva. C1 [Tan, Siow Ying; Tako, Elad; Lei, Xingen; Miller, Dennis D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci & Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Glahn, Raymond P.; Welch, Ross M.] USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Yeung, Chi Kong] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Miller, DD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci & Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ddm2@cornell.edu RI Welch, Ross/B-9697-2011 NR 34 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 9 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 13 BP 5008 EP 5014 DI 10.1021/jf8000026 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 321VU UT WOS:000257335400018 PM 18543933 ER PT J AU Cantrell, CL Case, BP Mena, EE Kniffin, TM Duke, SO Wedget, DE AF Cantrell, Charles L. Case, Bethany P. Mena, E. Edward Kniffin, Toby M. Duke, Stephen O. Wedget, David E. TI Isolation and identification of antifungal fatty acids from the basidiomycete Gomphus floccosus SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Gomphus floccosus; Botrytis cinerea; Fusarium oxysporum; Phomopsis obscurans; Colletotrichum fragariae; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; Colletotrichum acutatum; fatty acid; mushroom ID LINOLEIC-ACID; FUNGI; BIOAUTOGRAPHY; PATHOGENS; OXYLIPINS; LEAVES; L. AB Bioautography of extracts of the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Gomphus floccosus (Schw.) Singer indicated the presence of fungitoxic compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction against the plant pathogens ColletotrichuM fragariae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Colletotrichum acutatum. Bioassay-guided fractionation of this fraction resulted in the isolation of the bioactive fatty acids (9S,10E,12Z)-9-hydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid (1), (9E,11Z)-13-oxo-9,11-octadecadienoic acid (2), and (10E,12E)-9-oxo-10,12-octadecadienoic acid (3). These three oxylipins were further evaluated for activity against a greater range of fungal plant pathogens (C. fragariae, C. gloeosporioides, C. acutatum, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Phomopsis obscurans, and Phomopsis viticola) in in vitro dose-response studies. Phomopis species were the most sensitive fungi to these compounds. At 120 h of treatment, the IC50 values for compounds 1, 2, and 3 for P. obscurans were 1.0, 4.5, and 23,mu M, respectively, as compared to 1.1 mu M for the captan positive control. C1 [Cantrell, Charles L.; Case, Bethany P.; Duke, Stephen O.; Wedget, David E.] Univ Mississippi, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, ARS, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. [Mena, E. Edward; Kniffin, Toby M.] LifePharms Inc, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Cantrell, CL (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, ARS, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. EM charles.cantrell@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 9 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 13 BP 5062 EP 5068 DI 10.1021/jf8008662 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 321VU UT WOS:000257335400026 PM 18557621 ER PT J AU Desjardins, AE Busman, M Manandhar, G Jarosz, AM Manandhar, HK Proctor, RH AF Desjardins, Anne E. Busman, Mark Manandhar, Gyanu Jarosz, Andrew M. Manandhar, Hira K. Proctor, Robert H. TI Gibberella ear rot of maize (Zea mays) in Nepal: Distribution of the mycotoxins nivalenol and deoxynivalenol in naturally and experimentally infected maize SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium graminearum; nivalenol; deoxynivalenol; Gibberella ear rot; maize; Nepal ID FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; SOUTHERN-AFRICA; WHEAT SCAB; GENES; CORN; CONTAMINATION; POPULATIONS; ZEARALENONE; CHEMOTYPES; DIVERSITY AB The fungus Fusarium graminearum (sexual stage Gibberella zeae) causes ear rot of maize (Zea mays) and contamination with the 8-ketotrichothecenes nivalenol (1) or 4-cleoxynivalenol (2), depending on diversity of the fungal population for the 4-oxygenase gene (TRI13). To determine the importance of 1 and 2 in maize ear rot, a survey of naturally contaminated maize in Nepal was combined with experiments in the field and in a plant growth room. In the survey, 1 contamination was 4-fold more frequent than 2 contamination and 1-producers (TRI13) were isolated more than twice as frequently as 2-producers (psi TRI13). In maize ear rot experiments, genetically diverse 1-producers and 2-producers caused ear rot and trichothecene contamination. Among strains with the same genetic background, however, 1-producers caused less ear rot and trichothecene contamination than did 2-producers. The high frequency of 1 contamination and the high virulence of many 1-producers are of concern because maize is a staple food of rural populations in Nepal and because 1 has proven to be more toxic than 2 to animals. C1 [Desjardins, Anne E.; Busman, Mark; Proctor, Robert H.] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Manandhar, Gyanu; Manandhar, Hira K.] Nepal Agr Res Council, Plant Pathol Div, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal. [Jarosz, Andrew M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Jarosz, Andrew M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Desjardins, AE (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM anne.desjardins@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 9 PY 2008 VL 56 IS 13 BP 5428 EP 5436 DI 10.1021/jf8003702 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 321VU UT WOS:000257335400077 PM 18533662 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML Scheffer, SJ AF Buffington, Matthew L. Scheffer, Sonja J. TI North American species of Agrostocynips Diaz (Hymenoptera : Figitidae : Eucoilinae), parasitoids of Agromyzidae (Diptera): bionomics and taxonomy SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Agrostocynips; Phytomyza; Liriomyza; Agromyza; Agromyzidae; Eucoilinae; Figitidae; redescription ID GANASPIDIUM-UTILIS HYMENOPTERA; HOLLY LEAFMINER; LEAF MINER; LIRIOMYZA; CYNIPOIDEA; PHYTOMYZA; GENUS; FORSTER; BUFFINGTON; INSECTICIDES AB The genus Agrostocynips Diaz is redescribed, as well as two species endemic to the Nearctic: Agrostocynips diastrophi (Ashmead) and A. robusta (Ashmead). Previous to this study, only Neotropical species of Agrostocynips were well diagnosed both taxonomically and biologically. Agrostocynips belongs to the Zaeucoila group of genera, which are Neotropical eucoilines that principally parasitize Agromyzidae (Diptera); among these genera, species of Agrostocynips are some of the few representatives that are found in the Nearctic. Detailed host records and biological notes are provided for the Nearctic species. C1 [Buffington, Matthew L.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, NMNH, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Scheffer, Sonja J.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, NMNH, Smithsonian Inst, 10th & Constitut Ave NW,POB 37012,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov; sonja.scheffer@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUL 7 PY 2008 IS 1817 BP 39 EP 48 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 323OA UT WOS:000257454700004 ER PT J AU Boyer, DG AF Boyer, Douglas G. TI Fecal coliform dispersal by rain splash on slopes SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE rain splash; pathogen dispersal; land slope ID COLLETOTRICHUM-ACUTATUM; VERTICAL DISPERSAL; PLANT-PATHOGENS; STRAWBERRY; TRAJECTORIES; INTENSITY; RAINDROPS; SURFACE; CONIDIA; COVER AB The movement of fecal pathogens from land to surface and ground water are of great interest because of the public health implications. Non-structural best management practices that control the timing, volume, and placement of animal manures are commonly used to limit opportunities for fecal pathogens to enter water bodies. Increased infiltration capacity, water and waste diversions, and vegetated filter strips are used to control fecal pathogen movement in surface runoff. Fecal pathogens transported by rain splash could conceivably bypass physical barriers. The relationship between slope angle and the transport of fecal coliform bacteria by rain splash was studied. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant down slope transport of fecal coliform bacteria by raindrops falling on a bare soil surface inoculated with fecal coliform bacteria. Slopes from 0 degrees to 40.8 degrees were studied. The mean splash distance for fecal coliforms was less than 50 mm in all directions at 0 degrees slope and more than 500 mm in the downslope direction on a 40.8 degrees slope. Maximum splash distances ranged from about 400 mm on the horizontal surface to more than 1900 mm in the downslope direction on the 40.8 degrees slope. Sequential downhill movement of fecal coliform (FC) bacteria by repeated rain splash could transport FC directly to water bodies or areas of saturation excess where they will become entrained in overland runoff. Further studies on raindrop and rainfall characteristics, as well as surface cover and soil characteristics, will be necessary to more fully understand the mechanisms of FC transport on sloping land by rain splash. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Boyer, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM Doug.Boyer@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 148 IS 8-9 BP 1395 EP 1400 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.04.001 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 333BW UT WOS:000258128000017 ER PT J AU Wang, L Suarez, DL Pantin-Jackwood, M Mibayashi, M Garcia-Sastre, A Saif, YM Lee, CW AF Wang, L. Suarez, D. L. Pantin-Jackwood, M. Mibayashi, M. Garcia-Sastre, A. Saif, Y. M. Lee, C. -W. TI Characterization of influenza virus variants with different sizes of the non-structural (NS) genes and their potential as a live influenza vaccine in poultry SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza; NS gene; NS1 protein; live-attenuated vaccine ID A VIRUS; AVIAN INFLUENZA; HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-2; REVERSE GENETICS; MESSENGER-RNAS; PROTEIN; INTERFERON; GENERATION; CELLS; ATTENUATION AB From a stock of A/turkey/Oregon/71-delNS1 (H7N3) virus, which has a 10 nucleotide deletion in the coding region of the NS1 gene, we found that several variants with different sizes of NS genes could be produced by passaging the virus in 10- and 14-day-old embryonating chicken eggs (ECE), but not in 7-day-old ECE or Vero cells. We were able to rescue the reassortant virus that has different sizes of the NS genes and confirmed that those NS genes are genetically stable. By conducting in vivo studies in 2-week-old chickens, we found two plaque purified variants (D-del pc3 and pc4) which can be used as a potential live-attenuated vaccine. The variants were highly attenuated in chickens and did not transmit the virus from infected chickens to uninoculated cage mates. At the same time, the variants induced relatively high antibody titers which conferred good protection against a high dose heterologous virus challenge. Our study indicates that naturally selected NS1 deletion variants might be useful in the development of live-attenuated influenza vaccines in poultry. Furthermore, deletion in the NS1 protein can be potentially useful as a negative marker for a differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) approach. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, L.; Saif, Y. M.; Lee, C. -W.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Wang, L.; Saif, Y. M.; Lee, C. -W.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Suarez, D. L.; Pantin-Jackwood, M.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Mibayashi, M.; Garcia-Sastre, A.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Garcia-Sastre, A.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Garcia-Sastre, A.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Emerging Pathogens Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Lee, CW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM lee.2854@osu.edu RI Saif, Yehia/E-4004-2011; Wang, Leyi/G-9448-2014; OI Wang, Leyi/0000-0001-5813-9505; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI46954, R01 AI046954, U01 AI070469-01, R01 AI046954-01A1, U01 AI070469] NR 38 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 29-30 BP 3580 EP 3586 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.05.001 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 326HK UT WOS:000257649000005 PM 18539366 ER PT J AU Smith, KA Colvin, CJ Weber, PSD Spatz, SJ Coussens, PM AF Smith, Kristen A. Colvin, Christopher J. Weber, Patty S. D. Spatz, Stephen J. Coussens, Paul M. TI High titer growth of human and avian influenza viruses in an immortalized chick embryo cell line without the need for exogenous proteases SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE PBS-1; influenza; vaccine ID A H3N2 VIRUSES; KIDNEY-CELLS; IN-VITRO; VERO; REPLICATION; VACCINES; TRYPSIN; SYSTEM; ASSAY; HOST AB The current method of growing influenza virus for vaccine production is through the use of embryonated chicken eggs. This manufacturing system yields a low concentration of virus per egg, requires significant downstream production for purification, and demands a considerable amount of time for production. We have demonstrated an immortalized chick embryo cell line, termed PBS-1, is capable of growing unmodified recent isolates of human and avian influenza A and B viruses to extremely high titers. In many cases, PBS-1 cells out perform primary chick embryo kidney (CEK) cells, Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells and African green monkey kidney cells (Vero) in growth of recent influenza isolates. PBS-1 cells are free of any exogenous agents, are non-tumorigenic, and are readily adaptable to a variety of culture conditions, including growth on microcarrier beads. Influenza viruses grown in PBS-1 cells are released into the culture fluid without the need for exogenous proteases, thus simplifying downstream processing. In addition to offering a significant improvement in vaccine production, PBS-1 cells should prove valuable in diagnostics and as a cell line of choice for influenza virus research. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Smith, Kristen A.; Colvin, Christopher J.; Weber, Patty S. D.; Coussens, Paul M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Mol Pathogenesis Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Spatz, Stephen J.] USDA, Endem Poultry Viral Dis Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. RP Smith, KA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Mol Pathogenesis Lab, B215 Anthony Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM smith277@msu.edu NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 26 IS 29-30 BP 3778 EP 3782 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.04.048 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 326HK UT WOS:000257649000031 PM 18524432 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Miller, JE AF Burke, J. M. Miller, J. E. TI Dietary copper sulfate for control of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE copper sulfate; gastrointestinal nematode; goats; Haemonchus contortus ID OXIDE WIRE PARTICLES; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE; LAMBS; SHEEP; SUPPLEMENT; RESPONSES; EFFICACY; SAFETY AB Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of goats has necessitated studies for alternative means of control. The objective was to determine the effectiveness of dietary copper sulfate for control of GIN in meat goats. Naturally infected buck kids received 0 (LC), 78 (MC) or 158 (HC) mg copper sulfate (CS)/kid daily mixed with concentrate supplement for 63 days. After 42 days the HC group was re-randomized into either the LC or MC treatment. In another study, naturally infected yearling does were offered trace mineral mix with and without CS and intake was estimated to be 140-200 mg CS/day. Goats grazed bermudagrass pastures and were rotated among two or three pastures to minimize pasture effects. Fecal egg count (FEC) and packed cell volume (PCV) were determined every 7 days in the first experiment and 14 days in the second experiment, and goats were weighed every 28 days. On Days 49 and 56 FEC were lower in the HC-treated kids (copper by day, P < 0.02), but FEC were similar on all other days in the first experiment and were similar between the two groups of does in the second experiment. Blood packed cell volume was similar among treatment groups throughout both studies. Body weight was greater in LC compared with MC or HC-supplemented kids on Days 42 and 63 (copper by day, P < 0.04). Body weights of does were similar on Days 0 and 56, but were reduced in those consuming trace mineral with CS on Day 28 (copper by day, P < 0.03). Dietary CS failed to control GIN in this study. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Burke, J. M.] ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Miller, J. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Miller, J. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Miller, J. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM joan.burke@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 154 IS 3-4 BP 289 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.03.010 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 321AW UT WOS:000257277500014 PM 18434023 ER PT J AU Temeyer, KB Li, AY Lohmeyer, KH Chen, AC Olafson, PU Sanson, DW Foil, LD AF Temeyer, Kevin B. Li, Andrew Y. Lohmeyer, Kimberly H. Chen, Andrew C. Olafson, Pia U. Sanson, D. W. Foil, Lane D. TI Acetylcholinesterase mutation in diazinon-resistant Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera : Muscidae) SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE horn fly; acetylcholinesterase; Haematobia irritans; organophosphate; diazinon ID HORN FLIES DIPTERA; CDNA-ENCODING ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SODIUM-CHANNEL MUTATIONS; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; FLY DIPTERA; INSENSITIVE ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; POINT MUTATIONS AB Acetyleholinesterase (AChE) cDNA from individual field-collected diazinon-resistant horn flies was amplified by RT-PCR. Sequencing of the amplification products revealed that 8/12 of the diazinon-resistant horn flies contained a point mutation previously associated with resistance to organophosphates in house flies and Drosophila, strongly suggesting that this cDNA encodes the AChE that is the target site for organophosphate (OP) pesticide. The point mutation (G262A) resulted in a shift from glycine to alanine in the mature HiAChE amino acid sequence at position 262. Allele-specific PCR and RLFP assays were developed to diagnose the presence or absence of the G262A mutation in individual flies. Use of the allele-specific assays each demonstrated the presence of the G262A mutation in 10 of 12 individual field-collected flies, demonstrating higher sensitivity than direct sequencing of RT-PCR amplification products. The G262A mutation was found in additional fly populations previously characterized as OP-resistant, further supporting that this AChE is the target site for OP pesticide. The allele-specific assay is a useful tool for quantitative assay of the resistance allele in horn fly populations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Temeyer, Kevin B.; Li, Andrew Y.; Lohmeyer, Kimberly H.; Chen, Andrew C.; Olafson, Pia U.] ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Sanson, D. W.] LSU, Rosepine Res Stn, Rosepine, LA 70659 USA. [Foil, Lane D.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Temeyer, KB (reprint author), ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM Kevin.Temeyer@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 154 IS 3-4 BP 300 EP 310 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.03.015 PG 11 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 321AW UT WOS:000257277500016 PM 18472339 ER PT J AU Crawford, JM Vagstad, AL Ehrlich, KC Udwary, DW Townsend, CA AF Crawford, Jason M. Vagstad, Anna L. Ehrlich, Kenneth C. Udwary, Daniel W. Townsend, Craig A. TI Acyl-carrier protein-phosphopantetheinyltransferase partnerships in fungal fatty acid synthases SO CHEMBIOCHEM LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; fatty acids; fungal metabolites; norsolorinic acid; polyketides ID I POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE; 4'-PHOSPHOPANTETHEINYL TRANSFERASE; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; SECONDARY METABOLISM; GENES; B-1 C1 [Crawford, Jason M.; Vagstad, Anna L.; Udwary, Daniel W.; Townsend, Craig A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ehrlich, Kenneth C.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Townsend, CA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM ctownsend@jhu.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 001670, R01 ES001670]; NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM080189] NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4227 J9 CHEMBIOCHEM JI ChemBioChem PD JUL 2 PY 2008 VL 9 IS 10 BP 1559 EP 1563 DI 10.1002/cbic.200700659 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 323SZ UT WOS:000257470000005 PM 18551496 ER PT J AU Kang, SY Epps, HH AF Kang, Sho Yeung Epps, Helen H. TI Effect of scouring on the color of naturally-colored cotton and the mechanism of color change SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE color; ICP; light microscopy; naturally-colored cotton; scouring; SEM ID FIBERS AB The effect of scouring on the color of naturally-colored cottons was studied. Three naturally-colored cottons (buffalo brown, coyote brown, and green cotton) were scoured with two alkali solutions (sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide) and one enzyme solution (mixture of pectinase and cellulase). After alkali scouring, the color of cotton fibers became deeper and darker, and the scouring solutions were also deeply colored. Wax extraction, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray analysis, and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis were used to study the mechanism of color change, Results showed that the fibers became swollen and pigment in the colored cottons moved toward the outer layer of the fiber after alkali scouring. The colored solutions can be explained by released pigment from the cotton, Potassium loss also occurred. C1 [Kang, Sho Yeung] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Epps, Helen H.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Kang, SY (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sykang@srrc.ars.usda.gov; rindann@hotmail.com NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 38 EP 43 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 328FM UT WOS:000257783800005 ER PT J AU Chang, ZZ Li, LN Pan, ZQ Wang, XQ AF Chang, Zhenzhan Li, Lenong Pan, Zhiqiang Wang, Xiaoqiang TI Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of allene oxide synthase, cytochrome P450CYP74A2, from Parthenium argentatum SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROSTACYCLIN SYNTHASE; GUAYULE; CONFORMATION; OXYLIPINS; PROTEIN; CLONING AB Oxylipins are oxygenated derivatives of fatty acids and pivotal signaling molecules in plants and animals. Allene oxide synthase (AOS) is a key cytochrome P450 CYP74 enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of plant oxylipin jasmonates to convert 13(S)-hydroperoxide to allene oxide. Guayule (Parthenium argentatum) AOS, CYP74A2, was expressed in Escherichia coli. Protein was purified using affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography, and then crystallized. Two different crystal forms were obtained from 0.2 M (NH4) H2PO4, 50% MPD, 0.1 M Tris, pH 8.5 at 277 K using the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method. Preliminary X-ray analysis was carried out, and the crystals were found to belong to the tetragonal space group I422 with cell parameters a = b = 126.5, c = 163.9 angstrom, and the monoclinic space group C2 with cell parameters a = 336.5, b = 184.2, c = 159.0 angstrom, beta = 118.6 degrees. Diffraction data were collected to 2.4 A resolution from a tetragonal form of crystal using a home X-ray source. C1 [Chang, Zhenzhan; Li, Lenong; Wang, Xiaoqiang] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Pan, Zhiqiang] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Pan, ZQ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM zpan@ars.usda.gov; xwang@noble.org NR 20 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1744-3091 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 64 BP 668 EP 670 DI 10.1107/S1744309108017545 PN 7 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 320QB UT WOS:000257249000027 PM 18607105 ER PT J AU Chao, XB Jia, YF Shields, D Wang, SSY Cooper, CM AF Chao, Xiaobo Jia, Yafei Shields, Douglas, Jr. Wang, Sam S. Y. Cooper, Charles M. TI Three-dimensional numerical modeling of cohesive sediment transport and wind wave impact in a shallow oxbow lake SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE 3D numerical model; cohesive sediment; wind-driven current; wind-induced wave; oxbow lake ID ESTUARINE CIRCULATION; RIVER ESTUARY; RESUSPENSION; SIMULATION; WATER; OKEECHOBEE; FLOWS; HYDRODYNAMICS; RESERVOIR; DYNAMICS AB It was observed that in some closed inland lakes sediment transport was dominated by wind-induced currents, and the sediment resuspension was primarily driven by wind-induced waves. This paper presents the development and application of a three-dimensional numerical model for simulating cohesive sediment transport in water bodies where wind-induced currents and waves are important. In the model, the bottom shear stresses induced by currents and waves were calculated, and the processes of resuspension (erosion), deposition, settling, etc. were considered. This model was first verified by a simple test case consisting of the movement of a non-conservative tracer in a prismatic channel with uniform flow, and the model output agreed well with the analytical solution. Then it was applied to Deep Hollow Lake, a small oxbow lake in Mississippi. Simulated sediment concentrations were compared with available field observations, with generally good agreement. The transport and resuspension processes of cohesive sediment due to wind-induced current and wave in Deep Hollow Lake were also discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chao, Xiaobo; Jia, Yafei; Wang, Sam S. Y.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Computat Hydrosci & Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. [Shields, Douglas, Jr.; Cooper, Charles M.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Chao, XB (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Computat Hydrosci & Engn, Carrier Hall 102, University, MS 38677 USA. EM chao@ncche.olemiss.edu NR 49 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1004 EP 1014 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.04.005 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 324OR UT WOS:000257528400007 ER PT J AU Deng, DW Zipf, A Tilahun, Y Sharma, GC Jenkins, J Lawrence, K AF Deng, Dewang Zipf, Allan Tilahun, Y. Sharma, G. C. Jenkins, J. Lawrence, K. TI An improved method for the extraction of nematodes using iodixanol (OptiPrep (TM)) SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nematode extraction; density gradient; nematology ID SOIL AB A new nematode extraction technique was established, which is based on an iso-osmotic density-gradient medium (OptiPrep (TM)). This technique resulted in significantly higher numbers of clean eggs and vermiform nematodes that retain higher viability (48.6%) than samples processed with the sucrose method (28.7%). Nematodes survived exposure to OptiPrep (TM) for 22 hours without significant mortality whereas all nematodes died in the sucrose medium. OptiPrep (TM) provided a suitable, non-toxic alternative to the traditional density gradient material for the isolation of nematodes. This technique is convenient and relatively simple, with the added benefit of yielding cleaner samples compared to traditional isolation techniques. C1 [Deng, Dewang; Zipf, Allan; Tilahun, Y.; Sharma, G. C.] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Jenkins, J.] USDA ARS CSRL, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Lawrence, K.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Tilahun, Y (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM yontil@gmail.com FU Applied Genomics for Cotton Improvement [ALAX-2280143164-0188544] FX This research is supported by a grant from the Applied Genomics for Cotton Improvement (Alabama State Grant ALAX-2280143164-0188544). The authors would like to express sincere appreciation to Dr. Altaf Khan, Ms. Jan Wang, and Mr. Tom Smith for their assistance in this endeavor. This manuscript was edited by Dr. Lynn Boyd and Dr. Robert Robbins. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC JOURNALS PI VICTORIA ISLAND PA P O BOX 5170-00200 NAIROBI, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS 73023, NIGERIA SN 1996-0808 J9 AFR J MICROBIOL RES JI Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 2 IS 7 BP 167 EP 170 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 363VX UT WOS:000260296200003 ER PT J AU Thirtle, C Piesse, J Schimmelpfennig, D AF Thirtle, Colin Piesse, Jenifer Schimmelpfennig, David TI Modeling the length and shape of the R&D lag: an application to UK agricultural productivity SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE technical change; agricultural innovation; impact assessment ID UNITED-STATES; DEMAND-FUNCTIONS; COINTEGRATION; RETURNS; TECHNOLOGY; KINGDOM; BIASES AB This article updates total factor productivity (TFP) growth in UK agriculture from 1953-2005 and shows that public and private research and returns to scale explain TFP. Cointegration and causality tests are used to investigate the validity of attempts to explain UK agricultural productivity with R&D and related technology variables. Then, the length and shape of the lag structures are modeled and compared with the structures that are commonly imposed on the data. The rates of return (ROR) to R&D using the data determined lags differ considerably from those obtained by imposing lag shapes. These comparisons show that the ROR to public R&D are sensitive to the lag shape as well as its length and that the omission of other technology variables, such as mechanical and chemical patents pertaining to agriculture and farm size can bias the ROR. C1 [Schimmelpfennig, David] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Piesse, Jenifer] Univ Stellenbosch, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Piesse, Jenifer] Kings Coll London, Dept Management, London SE1 9HN, England. [Thirtle, Colin] Univ Pretoria, Dept Agr Econ Extens & Rural Dev, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Thirtle, Colin] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Environm Policy, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Schimmelpfennig, D (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM DES@ers.usda.gov NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 39 IS 1 BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2008.00316.x PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 315BB UT WOS:000256851800007 ER PT J AU Butler, DM Ranells, NN Franklin, DH Poore, MH Green, JT AF Butler, David M. Ranells, Noah N. Franklin, Dorcas H. Poore, Matthew H. Green, James T., Jr. TI Runoff water quality from manured riparian grasslands with contrasting drainage and simulated grazing pressure SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE grazing management; nitrogen; phosphorus; riparian; runoff; soil compaction; drainage ID SOIL PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; GROUND COVER IMPACTS; OVERLAND-FLOW; SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; BROILER LITTER; POULTRY LITTER; SURFACE RUNOFF; FILTER STRIPS; NEW-ZEALAND; PHOSPHORUS AB Globally, management of grazed riparian areas is critically important to agricultural sustainability and environmental quality. However, the potential impacts of riparian grazing management on water quality are not well-documented, particularly in the southeastern USA. The objective of this work was to determine sediment and nutrient export under simulated rainfall from poorly drained and well-drained riparian soils where heavy or light grazing pressure by cattle was simulated. Plots were established on stands of existing vegetation to create grazing pressure treatments of (a) light-use (full ground cover, uncompacted), and with stands modified to establish (b) heavy-use (bare ground, compacted) treatments. Vegetation on poorly drained soils consisted of several typical wetland species (e.g., Pontederia cordata L., Juncus coriaceus Mackenzie) in the southeastern USA, whereas mixed tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)-dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) stands were the dominant vegetation on well-drained soils. Runoff volume was generally greater from heavy-use than from light-use for poorly drained soils and for well-drained soils. Greater runoff volume was also observed from poorly drained soils compared to well-drained soils for both light-use and for heavy-use treatments. Light-use plots were remarkably effective at minimizing export of total suspended solids (TSS) on both soils (<30 kg ha(-1)). Mean total Kjeldahl P (TKP) export was fourfold greater from heavy-use plots than from light-use plots on both soils. While export of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) was unaffected by grazing pressure and soil drainage, mean ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N) and total N (TN) export from poorly drained heavy-use plots was greater than fivefold that from well-drained light-use plots. Results indicate that livestock heavy-use areas in the riparian zone may export substantial TSS and nutrients, especially on poorly drained soils. However, when full ground cover is maintained on well-drained soils, TSS and nutrient losses may be limited. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Butler, David M.; Ranells, Noah N.; Green, James T., Jr.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Franklin, Dorcas H.] USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Poore, Matthew H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Butler, DM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 3111 Miller Plant Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dmbutler@uga.edu NR 53 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 126 IS 3-4 BP 250 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2008.02.004 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 305US UT WOS:000256203900012 ER PT J AU Gibson, LR Singer, JW Vos, RJ Blaser, BC AF Gibson, Lance R. Singer, Jeremy W. Vos, Ronald J. Blaser, Brock C. TI Optimum stand density of spring triticale for grain yield and alfalfa establishment SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OAT COMPANION CROPS; SEEDING RATE; BEAGLE-82 TRITICALE; BARLEY; CULTIVARS; CATTLE; DIETS; WHEAT; SWINE AB Triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack) has potential as a feed crop in the north central United States and could also function as a companion crop for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) establishment. The objectives of this research were to assess the suitability of a short-statured spring triticale as a companion crop and determine optimum triticale seeding rates for grain yield and alfalfa establishment. Spring triticale'Trimark 37812'and alfalfawere grown in companion atAmes and Sioux Center, TA during 2004 and 2005. Triticale was seeded at 198, 297, 396, 495, and 594 pure live seeds (PLS) m(-2) and alfalfa was seeded at 600 PLS m(-2). The grain yield response to changes in stand density was quadratic with maximum yield occurring at 516 plants m(-2). A plant density of 325 plants m(-2) and a seeding rate of 374 seeds m(-2) resulted in maximum profit. The grain yield at the stand density for maximum profit was 4.4 Mg ha(-1). Increasing the triticale seeding rate had no effect on alfalfa stand density or dry matter yield. Alfalfa stand densities exceeded the 130 plants m(-2) threshold required for maximum long-term productivity suggesting the short-statured spring triticale cultivar used in this study was well suited for companion cropping with alfalfa. C1 [Gibson, Lance R.; Blaser, Brock C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Singer, Jeremy W.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gibson, LR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM lgibson@iastate.edu RI Singer, Jeremy/G-6260-2010 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 100 IS 4 BP 911 EP 916 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0384 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 327MV UT WOS:000257734100001 ER PT J AU Anderson, RL AF Anderson, Randy L. TI Growth and yield of winter wheat as affected by preceding crop and crop management SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLANTING DATE; ROTATION; TILLAGE; CORN; SYSTEMS; NITROGEN; STABILITY; FIELD; RISK AB Producers in eastern South Dakota are interested in adding winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to their crop rotations to improve crop yield and pest management. Our study quantified winter wheat response to preceding crop and crop management. Preceding crops were soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], oat (Avena sativa L.)-pea (Pisum sativum L.) mixture, and spring wheat. Two crop management strategies, high-input and conventional, were compared. High-input management differed from conventional management by a 60% higher seeding rate and a split application of N fertilizer. Winter wheat with high-input management yielded the highest following oat-pea; in contrast, winter wheat with conventional management yielded 28% less following spring wheat. Winter wheat following soybean yielded 88% of the winter wheat with high-input following oat-pea. Tiller density was 32% higher when winter wheat followed oat-pea compared with soybean. Winter wheat developed faster following oat-pea compared with other preceding crops, as determined by measuring solar radiation at the soil surface in early May and date of heading. Winter wheat production can be improved by increasing seeding rate and banding a starter fertilizer by the seed at planting. C1 USDA ARS, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Anderson, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM randy.anderson@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 100 IS 4 BP 977 EP 980 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0203 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 327MV UT WOS:000257734100011 ER PT J AU Paschold, JS Wienhold, BJ McCallister, DL Ferguson, RB AF Paschold, J. S. Wienhold, B. J. McCallister, D. L. Ferguson, R. B. TI Crop nitrogen and phosphorus utilization following application of slurry from swine fed traditional or low phytate corn diets SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID APPLICATION RATES; DAIRY MANURE; PIG SLURRY; SOIL; PLANT; AMENDMENT; TILLAGE; AVAILABILITY; OPERATIONS; MAIZE AB Field application of swine (Sus scrofa) slurry provides essential nutrients for crop production. The N to P ratio for slurry is lower than needed by most crops resulting in P accumulation when applied at N rates required for crop growth. Low phytate corn (Zea mays L.) (LPC) contains similar amounts of total P but less phytate P than traditional corn (TC) resulting in improved P bioavailability and reduced P excretion by monogastric animals. While manure from swinc-fed LPC diets has a higher N to P ratio than that from TC diets, field studies comparing crop utilization of nutrients from LPC manure have not been conducted. A field study was conducted to compare N and P utilization by no-tillage rainfed sorghum [Sorgbum bicolor (L.) Moench.] receiving three annual surface applications of nutrients (inorganic fertilizer, LPC slurry, and TC slurry) and by irrigated corn receiving one incorporated application of nutrients. Sorghum grain and total dry matter N utilization exhibited a year by treatment interaction but total dry matter N utilization was similar for both manure types in all years (61.2 +/- 2.6% for TC and 53.8 +/- 2.6% for LPQ. Grain P utilization was similar for inorganic fertilizer and manure but differed among years (44.4 +/- 7.0% in 1999, 25.1 +/- 1.4% in 2000, and 57.0 2.2% in 2001). Corn grain N and P utilization did not differ among nutrient sources in the year of application (50.7 2.4% for N and 40.4 +/- 3.0 for P) and increased little in the year following application (62.2 +/- 3.0% for N and 50.2 +/- 4.5% for P). Crop N and P utilization from LPC manure and TC manure was similar and nutrient guidelines developed for TC swine slurry should also apply for LPC slurry. C1 [Paschold, J. S.; Wienhold, B. J.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [McCallister, D. L.; Ferguson, R. B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Wienhold, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM Brian.Wienhold@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 100 IS 4 BP 997 EP 1004 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0248 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 327MV UT WOS:000257734100014 ER PT J AU Singer, JW Logsdon, SD Meek, DW AF Singer, Jeremy W. Logsdon, Sally D. Meek, David W. TI Soybean growth and seed yield response to tillage and compost SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; MATTER; MANURE AB Plant response to organic amendment often varies and may interact with tillage. The objectives of this research were to determine if soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growth, nutrient uptake, and soil water use could explain whole-plant and seed yield responses to tillage and compost amendment. A corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/clover (Trifolium spp.) rotation, with or without fall compost application was initiated in 1998 in plots that had been managed with moldboard plow (MP), chisel plow (CT), or no-tillage (NT) since 1988. No tillage by amendment interaction for yield was detected. Yield was similar in MP and CT. In 2003, yield was similar among tillage systems, but NT yielded 15% greater than MP and CT in 2004 and 8% lower in 2005. Mean yield across the 3 yr was similar. Compost amendment increased yield (9%) compared with nonamended soil only in 2004. Mean yield was 2% higher with compost than without. Water depth from the 0 to 90 cm soil depth was not affected by tillage or amendment. Seed P and K uptake were 18 and 16% greater in NT compared with MP and CT and 16 and 13% greater with compost than without in 2004. Soybean growing on compost-amended soil had less seed protein compared with nonamended soil. Alternatively, seed oil content was 2 and 1% lower in nonamended than amended soil in 2003 and 2004. The mechanisms responsible for compostenhanced plant growth are difficult to quantify in the field under natural conditions because effects are short-lived or too extreme. C1 [Singer, Jeremy W.; Logsdon, Sally D.; Meek, David W.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Singer, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jeremy.singer@ars.usda.gov RI Singer, Jeremy/G-6260-2010 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1039 EP 1046 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0360 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 327MV UT WOS:000257734100020 ER PT J AU Reddy, KC Reddy, SS Malik, RK Lemunyon, JL Reeves, DW AF Reddy, K. C. Reddy, S. S. Malik, R. K. Lemunyon, J. L. Reeves, D. W. TI Effect of five-year continuous poultry litter use in cotton production on major soil nutrients SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITRIFICATION INHIBITORS; PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY; NITROGEN; MANURE; CORN; NITRATE; WINTER; YIELD AB Repeated application of poultry (Gallusgallus) litter to crop lands may lead to nitrates leaching and build up of P and other elements in the soil profile, which are prone to loss from runoff and erosion. A study was conducted for 5 yr at Belle Mina, AL on a Decatur silt loam (fine, kaolinitic thermic Rhodic Paleudult) during 1994 to 1998 to determine the nitrate movement and quantify the build up of P, K, Ca, and Mg due to the application of nitrification inhibitor, carboxymethyl pyrazole (CP), treated fresh and composted poultry litter and urea in conventionally tilled cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Poultry litter maintained soil pH (0-30 cm depth) where as application of urea resulted in a pH decline. The inhibitor, CP, significantly reduced the NO3--N formation in all N sources for 41 d following application. However, over the longer period of time, very minimal changes in nitrate concentrations were observed due to change in rates or sources of N. Over the experimental period, P concentration increased significantly (by 74%) in compostcd litter applied plots (17.7 mg kg(-1)) but not in fresh litter plots (1.5 mg kg(-1)). Linear increase in P accumulation was observed with increase in rate of composted litter. Concentrations of K and Mg increased significantly both in fresh (93 and 25 Ing kg(-1), respectively) and composted litter (127 and 36 ing kg(-1), respectively) applied plots by the end of 5 yr period.. These results indicate that a well-planned application of fresh poultry litter in soils that are not already overloaded with P is safe and treating litter with CP is advantageous from an environmental perspective. C1 [Reddy, K. C.; Reddy, S. S.] Alabama A&M Univ, Dep Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Malik, R. K.] SUNY Albany, Dept Nat Sci, Albany, GA 31763 USA. [Lemunyon, J. L.] Cent Natl Technol Support Ctr, USDA NRCS, Ft Worth, TX 76115 USA. [Reeves, D. W.] USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Reddy, KC (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dep Nat Resources & Environm Sci, POB 1208, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM reddykcs@gmail.com NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1047 EP 1055 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0294 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 327MV UT WOS:000257734100021 ER PT J AU Halvorson, AD Bartolo, ME Reule, CA Berrada, A AF Halvorson, Ardell D. Bartolo, Michael E. Reule, Curtis A. Berrada, Abdel TI Nitrogen effects on onion yield under drip and furrow irrigation SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID USE EFFICIENCY; FERTILIZATION; SUBSURFACE; CORN AB Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a high cash value crop with a very shallow root system that is frequently irrigated and fertilized with high N rates to maximize yield. Converting from furrow-irrigated to drip-irrigatcd onion production may reduce N fertilizer needs, water inputs, and NO3-N leaching potential. Onion growth and N uptake, fresh yield, and residual soil NO3-N were determined under drip and furrow irrigation on a clay loam soil with N fertilizer rates from 0 to 224 kg N ha(-1). Onions were sampled bi-weekly from 25 May to 30 August in 2005 and 2006 from each treatment. In 2005, 72% less water was applied with the drip system compared with furrow system, and 57% less in 2006. Onion yields were significantly greater with the drip system. Total marketable fresh onion yield increasedwith increasing N rate in 2005 only.The drip system had more colossal andjumbo sized onions and less medium sized onions than the furrow system. Biomass production and N accumulation accelerated in mid-June each year with an average total N accumulation (leaves + bulbs) of 121 kg N ha(-1) at final harvest. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and N use efficiency (NUE) were higher with the drip system than with the furrow system. Residual soil NO3-N levels were greater in the drip-irrigated treatments after onion harvest in 2005 than in the furrow-irrigated treatments, but soil NO3-N levels were similar after harvest in 2006. Adjusted gross economic returns (less the cost ofN, water, and drip system) were greater with drip irrigation than with furrow irrigation. This study demonstrates that fresh onion yields, potential economic returns, IWUE, and NUE can be improved in Colorado by using drip irrigation for onion production rather than furrow irrigation. C1 [Halvorson, Ardell D.; Reule, Curtis A.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Bartolo, Michael E.; Berrada, Abdel] Colorado State Univ, Arkansas Valley Res Ctr, Rocky Ford, CO 81067 USA. RP Halvorson, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Ardell.Halvorson@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1062 EP 1069 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0377 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 327MV UT WOS:000257734100023 ER PT J AU Gunsaulis, JL Coblentz, WK Ogden, RK Bacon, RK Coffey, KP Hubbell, DS Skinner, JV Akins, MS Caldwell, JD Lusby, KS Gunter, SA AF Gunsaulis, J. L. Coblentz, W. K. Ogden, R. K. Bacon, R. K. Coffey, K. P. Hubbell, D. S., III Skinner, J. V., Jr. Akins, M. S. Caldwell, J. D. Lusby, K. S. Gunter, S. A. TI Fall growth potential of cereal grain forages in northern Arkansas SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION; WHEAT; OAT AB In Arkansas, maximizing fall forage production from cereal grains is important for optimizing growth of fall-weaned calves (Bos taurus). Our objectives were to evaluate eight cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), and triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) for their potential to accumulate fall forage dry matter (DM). At Fayetteville during 2004, triticale and oat cultivars accumulated DM in a cubic (P <= 0.01) pattern over time, most likely because growing tillers exhibited stem elongation, and were then susceptible to freeze damage in late December. Wheat and rye cultivars accumulated DM in less complex patterns over harvest dates, but the maximum yield for any wheat cultivar was only 2554 kg ha(-1) compared to 4661 kg ha(-1) for oat. For Batesville 2004 and Fayetteville 2005, DM yields ranked similarly, but respective mean yields (491 and 988 kg ha(-1)) averaged over all harvest dates were only 25 and 50% of those for Fayetteville 2004 (1960 kg ha(-1)), largely due to drought. For Batesville 2005, growing conditions were somewhat unique relative to other site-years, and wheat, rye, and triticale cultivars accumulated an overall mean of 4148 kg ha(-1) of forage DM on the final (4 January) harvest date. In contrast, oat cultivars were sensitive to freezing temperatures in November, and ranked last among all cultivars for yield on the final harvest date. Producers can usually improve fall forage production with cultivars that exhibit some stem elongation when planted in early September; however, this trait may make winter survival problematic. C1 [Coblentz, W. K.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Gunsaulis, J. L.] Univ Arkansas, Cooperat Extens Serv, Washington Cty Off, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Ogden, R. K.; Coffey, K. P.; Akins, M. S.; Caldwell, J. D.; Lusby, K. S.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR USA. [Bacon, R. K.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Hubbell, D. S., III] Livestock & Forestry Branch Stn, Batesville, AR 72501 USA. [Skinner, J. V., Jr.] Arkansas Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Fayetteville, AR USA. [Gunter, S. A.] USDA ARS, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Coblentz, WK (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM wayne.coblentz@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1112 EP 1123 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0301 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 327MV UT WOS:000257734100030 ER PT J AU Berti, MT Johnson, BL Gesch, RW Forcella, F AF Berti, Marisol T. Johnson, Burton L. Gesch, Russ W. Forcella, Frank TI Cuphea seed yield response to harvest methods applied on different dates SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; OIL CONTENT; CORN-BELT; VISCOSISSIMA; ESTOLIDES; GROWTH; ESTERS AB Cuphea, Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. x C. lanceolata W.T. Aiton, is a new crop that produces seed containing oil rich in medium-chain fatty acids. Because cuphea has an indeterminate growth habit, timing of harvest is difficult to determine. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum harvest time and technique for maximizing seed yield. This research was conducted at Prosper, ND, in 2005 and 2006; Carrington, ND, in 2005; and Morris, MN, in 2005 and 2006. The experimental factors were four harvest treatments, direct-nondesiccated (DND), direct-desiccated (DD), swathed (SW), and desiccated-swathed (DSW) applied on three different dates (D1, D2, and D3). Maximum seed moisture was 544 g kg(-1), but seed moisture decreased 181 g kg(-1) as the harvest date was delayed for the DND-harvest treatment. Seed moisture reduction for the SW-harvest treatment compared with the DND-harvest treatment was 216 g kg(-1) for D1. Swathing would be a better method than direct harvest or desiccation to reduce seed moisture at harvest. The harvested seed yields were not significantly different (P <= 0.05) among the DND-, DD-, and SW-harvest treatments. Harvested seed yield reduction was observed only for the DSW-harvest treatment. Swathing is also acceptable since no significant seed yield reduction was observed. Based on the returns after harvest treatments, the DND-harvest treatment may be the most cost effective method to harvest cuphea seeds; however, it is not the most practical due to clogging of harvesting equipment, which slows down harvest. C1 [Berti, Marisol T.] Univ Concepcion, Fac Agron, Chillan, Chile. [Johnson, Burton L.] N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Gesch, Russ W.; Forcella, Frank] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Berti, MT (reprint author), Univ Concepcion, Fac Agron, Chillan, Chile. EM mberti@udec.cl NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1138 EP 1144 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0263 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 327MV UT WOS:000257734100033 ER PT J AU Kiniry, JR Evers, GW AF Kiniry, James R. Evers, Gerald W. TI Radiation use efficiency of arrowleaf, crimson, rose, and subterranean clovers SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FORAGE PRODUCTION AB Parameters describing the growth of cool-season annual clovers are necessary for potential growth simulations, but have not yet been determined. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to quantify and compare the key parameter for biomass production, radiation use efficiency (RUE), for arrowleaf (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.), crimson (T. incarnatum L.), rose (T. hirtum All.), and subterranean (T. subterraneum L.) clovers. Data on the fraction of light intercepted and biomass were collected biweekly over 2 yr at Overton, TX, and were used to calculate the RUE. Radiation use efficiency was calculated for biomass as a function of cumulative intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) for aboveground biomass and for total biomass including roots. Similarly, RUE was calculated for regrowth following one or two cuttings. Over the 2 yr of this study, the mean RUEs for aboveground biomass original growth were 2.92, 2.52, 1.94, and 1.86 g MJ(-1) for rose, arrowleaf, crimson, and subterranean, respectively. The mean RUEs for the total biomass including roots, during this time were 3.01, 2.59,2.00, and 1.98 g MJ(-1), respectively. Relative to the original growth aboveground RUE values, the RUE of aboveground regrowth following one cutting averaged 92% across the four species. Likewise, the mean RUE of aboveground regrowth of the four species following two cuttings was 119%. These values of RUE will aid modelers in simulating these important N-2 fixing species. C1 [Kiniry, James R.] USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Evers, Gerald W.] Texas AgriLife Extens Ctr, Overton, TX 76564 USA. RP Kiniry, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM jim.kiniry@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1155 EP 1160 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0335 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 327MV UT WOS:000257734100035 ER PT J AU Skalsky, SA Jacobs, JJ Menkhaus, DJ Stevens, WB AF Skalsky, Sara A. Jacobs, James J. Menkhaus, Dale J. Stevens, W. Bart TI Impact of fuel and nitrogen prices on profitability of selected crops: A case study SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Increasing prices for fuel and N fertilizer affect crop production decisions and profitability. Nitrogen response functions are estimated for corn (Zea mays L.), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using data from field studies conducted in the Big Horn Basin of Wyoming. These N response functions are used to evaluate the impact of increases in N and fuel prices on the profitable level of N use. Enterprise budgets are developed for seven selected crops to determine return to management [Return to Management = Price x Yield - Total Cost (preplant, plant, growing, harvest, land, and other)] under price increases for fuel and N. Finally, a linear programming model is used to determine the impacts of increased prices for fuel and N on farm profit and crop mix. Results illustrate that impacts of increasing fuel and N prices on individual crops are quite different and also vary with the overall crop mix. In particular, adding alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium spp.) seed production to the crop mix reduced the impacts of increasing fuel and N prices. This suggests producers should adjust production practices on individual crops and also analyze their crop mix when faced with rising fuel and N prices if they are to minimize impacts on profitability. C1 [Jacobs, James J.; Menkhaus, Dale J.] Univ Wyoming, Dep Agr & Appl Econ, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Skalsky, Sara A.] Shoshone First Bank, Cody, WY 82414 USA. [Stevens, W. Bart] USDA ARS, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Jacobs, JJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dep Agr & Appl Econ, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM JJJ@uwyo.edu NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1161 EP 1165 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0094 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 327MV UT WOS:000257734100036 ER PT J AU Archer, DW Halvorson, AD Reule, CA AF Archer, David W. Halvorson, Ardell D. Reule, Curtis A. TI Economics of irrigated continuous corn under conventional-till and no-till in northern Colorado SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; YIELD RESPONSE; NITROGEN; ROTATION; RESIDUE; SOILS AB Conversion of irrigated cropland from conventional tillage (CT) to no-till (NT) could have several environmental benefits including reduced erosion potential, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and conservation of water. However NT must be economically viable if it is to be adopted. Costs of production and economic returns were evaluated for an irrigated, continuous corn (Zea mays L.) system under CT and NT over 6 yr on a clay loam soil in northern Colorado. Yield responses to N fertilization were included to determine economic optimum fertilization rates under each tillage system. Corn grain yields at economic optimum N fertilizer rates were 1.1 to 1.4 Mg ha(-1) lower for NT than for CT. However, net returns were $46 to 74 ha(-1) higher for NT than for CT due to reductions in operating costs of $57 to 114 ha(-1) and reductions in machinery ownership costs of $87 to 90 ha(-1). Operating cost savings were realized largely due to fuel and labor reductions of 75% and 71 to 72%, respectively, and in spite of higher N fertilizer requirements of 16 to 55 kg ha(-1) for NT compared to CT. No-till, irrigated, continuous corn appears to be an economically viable option for replacing CT production systems in the central Great Plains, especially when combined with the environmental benefits of the NT system. C1 [Archer, David W.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Halvorson, Ardell D.; Reule, Curtis A.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Archer, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459,1701 10th Ave SW, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM david.archer@ars.usda.gov OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 NR 28 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1166 EP 1172 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0291 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 327MV UT WOS:000257734100037 ER PT J AU Varvel, GE Wilhelm, WW AF Varvel, G. E. Wilhelm, W. W. TI Soil carbon levels in irrigated western Corn Belt rotations SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON; CROP-ROTATION; NITROGEN; RESIDUES; QUALITY; STOVER AB Proposals promoting the use of massive amounts of crop residues and other lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production have increased the need for evaluation of the sustainability of cropping practices and their effect on environment quality. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of crop rotation and N fertilizer management and their stover production characteristics on soil organic carbon (SOC) levels in a long-term high-yielding irrigated study in the western Corn Belt. An irrigated monoculture corn (Zea mays L.), monoculture soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and soybean-corn cropping systems study was initiated in 1991 on a uniform site in the Platte Valley near Shelton, NE. Soil samples were collected in 1991 before initiation of the study and in the spring of 2005 and analyzed for SOC. Significant differences in total SOC values were obtained between rotations and N rates at the 0- to 7.5- and 0- to 15-cm depths in 2005 and all total SOC values were equal to or greater than SOC values obtained in 1991. Residue production was greater than 6 Mg ha(-1), a level that appears to be sufficient to maintain SOC levels, in all systems. Can residue amounts above this level be harvested sustainably for biofuel production in cropping systems similar to these? Though these results suggest that a portion of corn stover could be harvested without reducing SOC under the conditions of this investigation, the direct impact of stover removal remains to be evaluated. C1 [Varvel, G. E.; Wilhelm, W. W.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Varvel, G. E.; Wilhelm, W. W.] Univ Nebraska, Dep Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Varvel, GE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Gary.Varvel@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1180 EP 1184 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0383 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 327MV UT WOS:000257734100039 ER PT J AU Herrera, FC Ocumpaugh, WR Ortega, JAS Lloyd-Reilley, J Rasmussen, GA Maher, S AF Herrera-C, F. Ocumpaugh, W. R. Ortega-S, J. A. Lloyd-Reilley, J. Rasmussen, G. A. Maher, S. TI Environmental influences on seed quality of windmillgrass ecotypes in South Texas SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LOLIUM-PERENNE; VARIABILITY; GERMINATION; YIELD; GROWTH; PERSISTENCE; COMPETITION; STRATEGIES; ECOSYSTEM; PATTERNS AB Hooded windmillgrass (Chloris cucullata Bisch.) and shortspike windmillgrass (C. subdolichostachya Muell.) are native grasses with potential for restoration of wildlife habitat. This study was conducted to characterize variability in windmillgrass seed quality as affected by temperature and precipitation. Seed-fill was superior in 2005 with 18% compared with 10 and 5% obtained in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Hooded ecotypes had higher seed-fill with 17% compared with 8% in shortspike ecotypes. No differences were found in seed viability among years, species, or ecotypes. Average seed dormancy was greatest in 2005 and 2003 with 82 and 81%, respectively, compared with 75% for 2004. Shortspike 9085283 (S-283) and 9085260 (S-260) ecotypes showed greater seed dormancy with values of 94 and 89%, respectively, compared to 73 and 62% for Hooded 9085313 (H-313) and 9085301 (H-301), respectively. Seed germination was highest in 2005 (83%), and the lowest (71%) in 2004. The H-313 and H-301 ecotypes showed the greatest seed germination with 86 and 83%, respectively, compared with 69 and 67% obtained by S-283 and S-260, respectively. We concluded that windmillgrasses are well adapted to variable environments and even when variability existed seed quality was acceptable. C1 [Ortega-S, J. A.] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Herrera-C, F.] Inst Nacl Invest Forestales Agr & Pecuarias, Sauta, Nayarit, Mexico. [Ocumpaugh, W. R.] Texas A&M Univ, Agr Res Stn, Beeville, TX 78102 USA. [Rasmussen, G. A.] Texas A&M Univ, Anim & Wildlife Sci Dep, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Lloyd-Reilley, J.; Maher, S.] USDA NRCS, E Kika de la Garza Plant Mat Ctr, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Ortega, JAS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, MSC 228, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM poncho.ortega@tamuk.edu NR 54 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1205 EP 1210 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0195 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 327MV UT WOS:000257734100042 ER PT J AU Harrison, HF Snook, ME Peterson, JK AF Harrison, H. F., Jr. Snook, M. E. Peterson, J. K. TI Effects of environment and genotypes on the storage of root periderm resin glycoside content in sweet potato SO ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; disease resistance; insect resistance; Ipomoea batatas ID IN-VITRO GROWTH; IPOMOEA-BATATAS; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; COMPONENTS; JALAPINS; SEED AB Resin glycosides are complex compounds composed primarily of fatty acids and sugars that contribute to the allelopathic potential and pest resistance of sweetpotato. Total periderm resin glycoside (PRG) contents of 10 sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) clones grown in field trials were determined using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). PRG contents of the clones ranged from 0.04 to 10.02 % of periderm dry weight. Analysis of variance indicated that genotype accounted for most of the variation, however, when PRG contents from the three trials were combined and analyzed using a factorial design, environment and the genotype x environment interaction variances were also highly significant. Average PRG contents of progeny from a cross between a high PRG clone (Excel) and a low PRG clone (SC 1149-19) were 4.13 and 4.21 % periderm dry weight for the two maternal parents, respectively. PRG contents of individual progeny clones ranged from 0.1 to more than 20 % of periderm dry weight, and the distribution of contents among progeny was similar for the two maternal parents. These observations indicate that breeding sweetpotato genotypes with high PRG is possible and may be an effective way of enhancing allelopathic potential and pest resistance. C1 [Harrison, H. F., Jr.; Snook, M. E.; Peterson, J. K.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Harrison, HF (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM howard.harrison@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL PI ROHTAK PA INTERNATIONAL ALLELOPATHY FOUNDATION, 101, SECTOR 14, ROHTAK 124 001, HARYANA, INDIA SN 0971-4693 J9 ALLELOPATHY J JI Allelopathy J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 93 EP 99 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 334VP UT WOS:000258249700009 ER PT J AU Zhao, ZY Liang, L Fan, X Yu, Z Hotchkiss, AT Wilk, BJ Eliaz, I AF Zhao, Zheng Yan Liang, Li Fan, Xiaoqing Yu, Zhonghua Hotchkiss, Arland T. Wilk, Barry J. Eliaz, Isaac TI THE ROLE OF MODIFIED CITRUS PECTIN AS AN EFFECTIVE CHELATOR OF LEAD IN CHILDREN HOSPITALIZED WITH TOXIC LEAD LEVELS SO ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Context Lead toxicity is an ongoing concern worldwide, and children, the most vulnerable to the long-lasting effects of lead exposure, are in urgent need of a safe and effective heavy metal chelating agent to overcome the heavy metals and lead exposure challenges they face day to day. Objective This clinical study was performed to determine if the oral administration of modified citrus pectin (MCP) is effective at lowering lead toxicity in the blood of children between the ages of 5 and 12 years. Method Hospitalized children with a blood serum level greater than 20 mu g/dL, as measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GRAS), who had not received any form of chelating and/or detoxification medication for 3 months prior were given 15 g of MCP (PectaSol) in 3 divided dosages a day. Blood serum and 24-hour urine excretion collection GFAAS analysis were performed on day 0, day 14, day 21, and day 28. Result This study showed a dramatic decrease in blood serum levels of lead (P=.0016; 161% average change) and a dramatic increase in 24-hour urine collection (P=.0007; 132% average change). Conclusion The need for a gentle, safe heavy metal chelating agent, especially for children with high environmental chronic exposure, is great. The dramatic results and no observed adverse effects in this pilot study along with previous reports of the safe and effective use of MCP in adults indicate that MCP could be such an agent. Further studies to confirm its benefits are justified. (Altern Ther Health Med. 2008;14(4):34-38.) C1 [Zhao, Zheng Yan; Liang, Li] Zhejiang Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Dept Med, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Fan, Xiaoqing; Yu, Zhonghua] Centrax Int Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. [Hotchkiss, Arland T.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. [Wilk, Barry J.] EcoNugenics Inc, Res & Dev, Santa Rosa, CA USA. [Eliaz, Isaac] Amitabha Med Clin & Healing Ctr, Sebastopol, CA USA. RP Zhao, ZY (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Dept Med, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU INNOVISION COMMUNICATIONS PI ALISO VIEJO PA 101 COLUMBIA, ALISO VIEJO, CA 92656 USA SN 1078-6791 J9 ALTERN THER HEALTH M JI Altern. Ther. Health Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 34 EP 38 PG 5 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA V12YS UT WOS:000207635100005 PM 18616067 ER PT J AU Kaplan, K AF Kaplan, Kim TI Colon collapse disorder - A complex buzz (Reprinted from Agricultural Research, May/June, 2008) SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Reprint C1 USDA Agr Res Serv Informat, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Kaplan, K (reprint author), USDA Agr Res Serv Informat, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 148 IS 7 BP 617 EP 618 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 315IF UT WOS:000256871300013 ER PT J AU Iovene, M Grzebelus, E Carputo, D Jiang, JM Simon, PW AF Iovene, Marina Grzebelus, Ewa Carputo, Domenico Jiang, Jiming Simon, Philipp W. TI Major cytogenetic landmarks and karyotype analysis in Daucus carota and other Apiaceae SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Apiaccae; Daucus; rDNA genes; fluorescence in situ hybridization; karyotypes; karyotype symmetry ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENOME ORGANIZATION; RDNA LOCI; 5S; CHROMOSOMES; SEQUENCE; FISH; DNA AB Karyotype analysis provides insights into genome organization at the chromosome level and into chromosome evolution. Chromosomes were marked for comparative karyotype analysis using FISH localization of rDNA genes for the first time in Apioideae species including taxa of economic importance and several wild Daucus relatives. Interestingly, Daucus species did not vary in number of rDNA loci despite variation in chromosome number (2n = 18, 20, 22, and 44) and previous publications suggesting multiple loci. All had single loci for both 5S and 18S-25S (nucleolar organizing region) rDNA, located on two different chromosome pairs. The 5S rDNA was on the short arm of a metacentric chromosome pair in D. crinitus (2n = 22) and D. glochidiatus (2n = 44) and on the long arm of a metacentric pair in other Daucus species, suggesting possible rearrangement of this chromosome. For other Apiaceae, from two (Apium graveolens), to three (Orlaya grandiflora), to four (Cuminum cyminum) chromosomes had 18S-25S rDNA sites. Variability for number and position of the 5S rDNA was also observed. FISH signals enabled us to identify 20-40% of the chromosome complement among species examined. Comparative karyotype analysis provides insights into the fundamental aspects of chromosome evolution in Daucus. C1 [Iovene, Marina; Jiang, Jiming; Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Iovene, Marina; Carputo, Domenico] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dept Soil Plant Environm & Anim Prod Sci, I-80055 Portici, Italy. [Grzebelus, Ewa] Agr Univ Krakow, Dept Genet Plant Breeding & Seed Sci, PL-31425 Krakow, Poland. [Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Simon, PW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM psimon@wisc.edu RI Jiang, Jiming/A-9614-2009 NR 64 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 95 IS 7 BP 793 EP 804 DI 10.3732/ajb.0700007 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 321IT UT WOS:000257298700003 PM 21632405 ER PT J AU Yoshida, M Booth, SL Meigs, JB Saltzman, E Jacques, PF AF Yoshida, Makiko Booth, Sarah L. Meigs, James B. Saltzman, Edward Jacques, Paul F. TI Phylloquinone intake, insulin sensitivity, and glycemic status in men and women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-K INTAKE; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; YOUNG MALE-VOLUNTEERS; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; SECRETORY DYSFUNCTION; RESISTANCE; DIETARY; REPRODUCIBILITY; MENAQUINONE-4 AB Background: Limited evidence suggests that vitamin K may have a beneficial role in glucose homeostasis. No observational data exist on the associations between vitamin K intake and insulin sensitivity. Objective: We aimed to examine associations between vitamin K intake and measures of insulin sensitivity and glycemic status in men and women aged 26-81 y. Design: We assessed the cross-sectional associations of self-reported phylloquinone (vitamin K(1)) intake with insulin sensitivity and glycemic status in the Framingham Offspring Cohort. Dietary and supplemental phylloquinone intakes were assessed by using a food-frequency questionnaire. Insulin sensitivity was measured by fasting and 2-h post-oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) insulin, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI(0,120)). Glycemic status was assessed by fasting and 2-h post-OGTT glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)). Results: Higher phylloquinone intake was associated with greater insulin sensitivity and glycemic status, as measured by 2-h post-OGTT insulin and glucose and ISI(0,121), after adjustment for age, sex, waist circumference, lifestyle characteristics, and diet quality [2-h post-OGTT insulin: lowest and highest quintile, 81.0 and 72.7 mu U/mL, respectively (P for trend = 0.003); 2-h post-OGTT glucose: 106.3 and 101.9 mg/dL, respectively (P for trend = 0.009); ISI(0,120): 26.3 and 27.3 mg . L(2)/mmol . mU . min (P for trend = 0.009)]. Phylloquinone intake was not associated with fasting insulin and glucose concentrations, HOMA-IR, or HbA(1c). Conclusion: Our findings support a potential beneficial role for phylloquinone in glucose homeostasis in men and women. C1 [Yoshida, Makiko; Booth, Sarah L.; Saltzman, Edward; Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Meigs, James B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Jacques, PF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM paul.jacques@tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-25195, N01HC25195, N01 HC025195]; NIDDK NIH HHS [K24 DK080140] NR 25 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 88 IS 1 BP 210 EP 215 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 326FH UT WOS:000257643300028 PM 18614743 ER PT J AU Wang, F Tong, Q AF Wang, Fei Tong, Qiang TI Transcription factor PU.1 is expressed in white adipose and inhibits adipocyte differentiation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adipogenesis; C/EBP alpha; C/EBP beta; GATA-2 ID DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITORS; BINDING-PROTEIN; C/EBP-ALPHA; PPAR-GAMMA; GENE-EXPRESSION; ETS ONCOGENE; CELL; GATA; FAMILY; ADIPOGENESIS AB PU.1 transcription factor is a critical regulator of hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. Because PU.1 interacts with transcription factors GATA-2 and C/EBP alpha, and both are involved in the regulation of adipogenesis, we investigated whether PU.1 plays a role in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation. Our data indicate that PU.1 is expressed in white adipose tissue. PU.1 protein can also be detected in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Forced expression of PU.1 in 3T3-L1 cells inhibits adipocyte differentiation, whereas deletion of the transactivation domain of PU.1 abolishes this effect. The inhibition of adipocyte differentiation by PU.1 is achieved, at least in part, through repression of the transcriptional activity of C/EBP alpha and C/EBP beta. Furthermore, GATA-2 and PU.1 have an additive inhibitory effect on C/EBP transactivation and adipogenesis. Finally, the expression of PU.1 is increased in white adipose of obese mice. C1 [Wang, Fei; Tong, Qiang] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv,USDA,ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Tong, Q (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM qtong@bcm.tmc.edu RI Wang, Fei/F-8015-2010 NR 49 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6143 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-CELL PH JI Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 295 IS 1 BP C213 EP C220 DI 10.1152/ajpcell.00422.2007 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA 326IL UT WOS:000257651700023 PM 18463231 ER PT J AU Wilson, FA Orellana, RA Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Jeyapalan, AS Frank, J Davis, TA AF Wilson, Fiona A. Orellana, Renan A. Suryawan, Agus Nguyen, Hanh V. Jeyapalan, Asumthia S. Frank, Jason Davis, Teresa A. TI Stimulation of muscle protein synthesis by somatotropin in pigs is independent of the somatotropin-induced increase in circulating insulin SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE translation initiation; mammalian target of rapamycin; growth hormone; eukaryotic initiation factor 4G; protein kinase B ID RECOMBINANT PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN; GROWTH-HORMONE RECEPTOR; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; NEONATAL PIGS; GROWING PIGS; TRANSLATION INITIATION; DIETARY-PROTEIN; AMINO-ACIDS; YOUNG-PIGS; MESSENGER-RNA AB Chronic treatment of growing pigs with porcine somatotropin (pST) promotes protein synthesis and doubles postprandial levels of insulin, a hormone that stimulates translation initiation. This study aimed to determine whether the pST-induced increase in skeletal muscle protein synthesis was mediated through an insulin-induced stimulation of translation initiation. After 7-10 days of pST (150 mu g . kg(-1) . day(-1)) or control saline treatment, pancreatic glucose-amino acid clamps were performed in overnight-fasted pigs to reproduce 1) fasted (5 mu U/ml), 2) fed control (25 mu U/ml), and 3) fed pST-treated (50 mu U/ml) insulin levels while glucose and amino acids were maintained at baseline fasting levels. Fractional protein synthesis rates and indexes of translation initiation were examined in skeletal muscle. Effectiveness of pST treatment was confirmed by reduced urea nitrogen and elevated insulin-like growth factor I levels in plasma. Skeletal muscle protein synthesis was independently increased by both insulin and pST. Insulin increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and the downstream effectors of the mammalian target of rapamycin, ribosomal protein S6 kinase, and eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E-binding protein-1 (4E-BP1). Furthermore, insulin reduced inactive 4E-BP1 . eIF4E complex association and increased active eIF4E . eIF4G complex formation, indicating enhanced eIF4F complex assembly. However, pST treatment did not alter translation initiation factor activation. We conclude that the pST-induced stimulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis in growing pigs is independent of the insulin-associated activation of translation initiation. C1 [Davis, Teresa A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.edu RI Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474] NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 295 IS 1 BP E187 EP E194 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.90253.2008 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 333HA UT WOS:000258142400024 PM 18460595 ER PT J AU Kozlowski, AJ Gese, EM Arjo, WM AF Kozlowski, Adam J. Gese, Eric M. Arjo, Wendy M. TI Niche overlap and resource partitioning between sympatric kit foxes and coyotes in the Great Basin Desert of western Utah SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID HOME-RANGE SIZE; RED FOXES; SOUTHEASTERN COLORADO; SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS; SWIFT FOXES; HABITAT USE; COMPETITION; CALIFORNIA; CARNIVORES; LOCATIONS AB Successful coexistence of sympatric canid species often relies oil the subdominant species' ability to reduce competition through the differential selection of niche space. Information regarding the process of niche selection and its effect on the structure of canid communities in the Great Basin Desert is unavailable. From Dec. 1999 to Aug. 2001, we quantified the spatial, dietary and temporal resource overlap of kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis) and coyotes (Canis latrans) on the U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground, Utah. Kit foxes and coyotes demonstrated substantial levels of spatial, temporal and dietary overlap. However, where the two species had overlapping home ranges, space rise within the home range differed between the two species, with kit foxes rising vegetative and landscape ruggedness characteristics not regularly used by coyotes. Although there was little evidence of seasonal change in either canid's use of habitat, in some areas kit foxes made nightly movements to more productive habitats with moderate ruggedness. Regardless of spatial partitioning, incidents of interference competition were high; 56% of known kit fox deaths were attributed to coyotes. In Our study, high levels of temporal and dietary overlap, kit fox movement from extreme to moderate topography during foraging and selection for abundant cover demonstrated competitive pressures exerted on the kit fox population by the sympatric coyote population. C1 [Gese, Eric M.] Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Arjo, Wendy M.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Gese, EM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM eric.gese@usu.edu RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 63 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 160 IS 1 BP 191 EP 208 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2008)160[191:NOARPB]2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 324XT UT WOS:000257553400017 ER PT J AU Aronov, PA Hall, LM Dettmer, K Stephensen, CB Hammock, BD AF Aronov, Pavel A. Hall, Laura M. Dettmer, Katja Stephensen, Charles B. Hammock, Bruce D. TI Metabolic profiling of major vitamin D metabolites using Diels-Alder derivatization and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3; 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3; 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3; UPLC; LC-MS; metabolic profiling; derivatization ID AVIUM-INTRACELLULARE INFECTION; COOKSON-TYPE REAGENT; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; HUMAN PLASMA; HYPERCALCEMIA; PATIENT; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D; AIDS; 1-ALPHA,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D-3; PERSPECTIVE AB Biologically active forms of vitamin D are important analytical targets in both research and clinical practice. The current technology is such that each of the vitamin D metabolites is usually analyzed by individual assay. However, current LC-MS technologies allow the simultaneous metabolic profiling of entire biochemical pathways. The impediment to the metabolic profiling of vitamin D metabolites is the low level of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 in human serum (15-60 pg/mL). Here, we demonstrate that liquid-liquid or solid-phase extraction of vitamin D metabolites in combination with Diels-Alder derivatization with the commercially available reagent 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (PTAD) followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-electrospray/tandem mass spectrometry analysis provides rapid and simultaneous quantification of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-2, 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D-2 in 0.5 mL human serum at a lower limit of quantification of 25 pg/mL. Precision ranged from 1.6-4.8 % and 5-16 % for 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3, respectively, using solid-phase extraction. C1 [Aronov, Pavel A.; Hammock, Bruce D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hammock, Bruce D.] Univ Calif Davis, UC Davis Canc Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dettmer, Katja] Univ Regensburg, Inst Funct Genom, Regensburg, Germany. RP Hammock, BD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bdhammock@ucdavis.edu RI Dettmer, Katja/N-4562-2016 OI Dettmer, Katja/0000-0001-7337-2380 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES004699, P01 ES011269, P01 ES11269, P30 ES005707, P30 ES05707, R37 ES002710, R37 ES02710, T32 ES007059]; NIMHD NIH HHS [P60 MD000222, P60 MD00222-01] NR 41 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 5 U2 26 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 391 IS 5 BP 1917 EP 1930 DI 10.1007/s00216-008-2095-8 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 315VL UT WOS:000256908200045 PM 18437365 ER PT J AU Zitomer, NC Glenn, AE Bacon, CW Riley, RT AF Zitomer, Nicholas C. Glenn, Anthony E. Bacon, Charles W. Riley, Ronald T. TI A single extraction method for the analysis by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry of fumonisins and biomarkers of disrupted sphingolipid metabolism in tissues of maize seedlings SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fumonisins; Fusarium verticillioides; sphinganine; phytosphingosine; sphingoid base 1-phosphates ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; BIOSYNTHESIS; SPHINGOSINE; ARABIDOPSIS; BASES AB The fungus Fusarium verticillioides is a pathogen of many plants and produces fumonisins. In addition to their well-studied animal toxicoses, these toxins contribute to the development of maize seedling disease in susceptible maize varieties. Fumonisin disruption of sphingolipid biosynthesis occurs during pathogenesis. An extraction method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of fumonisins B(1) (FB(1)), B(2) (FB(2)) and B(3) (FB(3)), free sphingoid bases and sphingoid base 1-phosphates in maize tissues by liquid chromatography/linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. The method involved a single extraction using 1:1 acetonitrile:water + 5% formic acid (1 ml per 10 mg tissue). Mean recoveries ranged from approximately 50 to 99 percent, and limits of detection ranged from 10 fg mu l(-1) to 6900 fg mu l(-1). To test the efficacy of the method, seeds of a susceptible maize line were inoculated with a pathogenic, fumonisin-producing strain of F. verticillioides. The seedlings were then harvested, and fumonisin content, as well as sphingoid bases and their 1-phosphates, were measured in the leaf and root tissues. Fumonisin accumulation was significantly greater in leaf one compared to leaves two and three. While FB(1), FB(2), and FB(3) were detected in root tissues, FB(1) was preferentially accumulated in leaf tissues. Accumulation of sphingoid bases and their 1-phosphates was evident in roots and leaves of seedlings grown from inoculated seed, with the level of accumulation being similar in leaves 1, 2 and 3. The method developed was effective, fast, and sensitive for use in simultaneously measuring fumonisin in tissues and their effects on sphingolipid metabolite biomarkers of disease. The method should be useful for screening maize cultivars for susceptibility to F. verticillioides-induced seedling diseases. C1 [Zitomer, Nicholas C.; Glenn, Anthony E.; Bacon, Charles W.; Riley, Ronald T.] USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, RB Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Riley, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, RB Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM ron.riley@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 391 IS 6 BP 2257 EP 2263 DI 10.1007/s00216-008-2166-x PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 319YF UT WOS:000257200200031 PM 18488202 ER PT J AU Milner, MJ Kochian, LV AF Milner, Matthew J. Kochian, Leon V. TI Investigating heavy-metal hyperaccumulation using Thlaspi caerulescens as a model system SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Review DE Zn; Cd; Ni; Thlaspi caerulescens; hyperacumulator; phytoremediation; heavy metal ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ZINC-TRANSPORTER GENES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CONTAMINATED SOILS; CADMIUM; PLANTS; CD; HOMEOSTASIS; EXPRESSION; NICOTIANAMINE AB Background Metal-hyperaccumulating plant species are plants that are endemic to metalliferous soils and are able to tolerate and accumulate metals in their above-ground tissues to very high concentrations. One such hyperaccumulator, Thlaspi caerulescens, has been widely studied for its remarkable properties to tolerate toxic levels of zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and sometimes nickel (Ni) in the soil, and accumulate these metals to very high levels in the shoot. The increased awareness regarding metal-hyperaccumulating plants by the plant biology community has helped spur interest in the possible use of plants to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils, a process known as phytoremediation. Hence, there has been a focus on understanding the mechanisms that metal-hyperaccumulator plant species such as Thlaspi caerulescens employ to absorb, detoxify and store metals in order to use this information to develop plants better suited for the phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils. Scope In this review, an overview of the findings from recent research aimed at better understanding the physiological mechanisms of Thlaspi caerulescens heavy-metal hyperaccumulation as well as the underlying molecular and genetic determinants for this trait will be discussed. Progress has been made in understanding some of the fundamental Zn and Cd transport physiology in T. caerulescens. Furthermore, some interesting metal-related genes have been identified and characterized in this plant species, and regulation of the expression of some of these genes may be important for hyperaccumulation. Conclusions Thlaspi caerulescens is a fascinating and useful model system not only for studying metal hyperaccumulation, but also for better understanding micronutrient homeostasis and nutrition. Considerable future research is still needed to elucidate the molecular, genetic and physiological bases for the extreme metal tolerance and hyperaccumulation exhibited by plant species such as T. caerulescens. C1 [Milner, Matthew J.; Kochian, Leon V.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kochian, LV (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM Leon.Kochian@ars.usda.gov RI Milner, Matthew/M-2430-2014 OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X; Milner, Matthew/0000-0001-9184-7423 NR 63 TC 124 Z9 127 U1 7 U2 90 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 102 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.1093/aob/mcn063 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 316VD UT WOS:000256976900002 PM 18440996 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG Simmons, RB AF Pogue, Michael G. Simmons, Rebecca B. TI A new pest species of Copitarsia (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) from the neotropical region feeding on Asparagus and cut flowers SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE cryptic species; mitochondrial DNA; morphology; agriculturally important species; phylogeny ID POLYMERASE; DECOLORA; DNA AB The egg, first and last instars, and adult of Copitarsia corruda, n. sp. from Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru are described and illustrated. Larval host plant genera include Asparagus (Liliaceae) (Mexico, Colombia, and Ecuador), Iris (Iridaceae) (Ecuador), Ammi (Apiaceae) (Ecuador), Lysimachia (Primuilaceae) (Colombia), Callistephus (Asteraceae) (Colombia), and Aster (Asteraceae) (Colombia). The larva of Copitarsia decolora (Guenee) is described and illustrated. In addition to genitalic and larval characters, mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI) was analyzed to differentiate C. corruda from Copitarsia decolora (Guenee), and to examine geographic and host plant differences between the two species. C1 [Pogue, Michael G.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst,NMNH, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Simmons, Rebecca B.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst,NMNH, POB 17012,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM michael.pogue@ars.usda.gov; rebecca.simmons@und.nodak.edu NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 743 EP 762 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[743:ANPSOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 328BX UT WOS:000257773600006 ER PT J AU Pfannenstiel, RS Booth, W Vargo, EL Schal, C AF Pfannenstiel, Robert S. Booth, Warren Vargo, Edward L. Schal, Coby TI Blattella asahinai (Dictyoptera : Blattellidae): A new predator of lepidopteran eggs in South Texas soybean SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE range extension; cuticular hydrocarbons; COII gene ID HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE EGGS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; ORTHOPTERA; HELIOTHIS; BLATTODEA; SEQUENCES; BEHAVIOR; FLORIDA; BODDIE AB Large numbers of a cockroach that resembled the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), were observed during winter 2005-2006 in home turf settings in Weslaco, TX, 11 km from the U.S. border with northeastern Mexico. In June and July 2006, this cockroach was observed at night on the foliage of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., in numbers often exceeding 50 per in row. Because of its similarity to B. germanica, but with the characteristic of flying frequently, we suspected that our observations might be of the Asian cockroach, Blattella asahinai Mizukubo. Using a combination of morphological characters, cuticular hydrocarbons, and sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene, we definitively identified this cockroach as B. asahinai. B. asahinai was frequently observed feeding on sentinel eggs of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Spodoptera exigua (Hubner). This cockroach was the dominant egg predator in soybean during 2006, making tip 36.4% of all predators observed feeding on eggs. B. asahinai was only observed occupying the soybean canopy nocturnally, and it made up 53.7% of predators observed feeding at night. We speculate that B. asahinai may serve as an important beneficial insect in soybean and other crops. C1 [Pfannenstiel, Robert S.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Booth, Warren; Vargo, Edward L.; Schal, Coby] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Pfannenstiel, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 East Hwy,83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM rpfannenstiel@weslaco.ars.usda.gov RI Schal, Coby/A-8717-2010; Vargo, Edward/D-1097-2010 OI Schal, Coby/0000-0001-7195-6358; Vargo, Edward/0000-0002-8712-1248 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 763 EP 768 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[763:BADBAN]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 328BX UT WOS:000257773600007 ER PT J AU Northfield, TD Paini, DR Funderburk, JE Reitz, SR AF Northfield, Tobin D. Paini, Dean R. Funderburk, Joe E. Reitz, Stuart R. TI Annual cycles of Frankliniella spp. (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) thrips abundance on North Florida uncultivated reproductive hosts: Predicting possible sources of pest outbreaks SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Frankliniella spp.; population dynamics; thrips ID WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS; SPOTTED-WILT-VIRUS; SPECIES THYSANOPTERA; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; ORIUS-INSIDIOSUS; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NECTARINE ORCHARDS; PLANT-DISTRIBUTION; TOMATO FIELDS AB Frankliniella spp. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) thrips damage a variety of crops, feed on a broad range of hosts, and often migrate into cropping systems from adjacent vegetation. To determine potential sources of Frankliniella spp. thrips oil crops, annual cycles of abundance of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), Frankliniella bispinosa (Morgan), and Frankliniella tritici (Fitch) were evaluated on seven common, uncultivated reproductive hosts. These hosts included Raphanus raphanistrum L., Rubus trivialis Michx., Rubus cuneifolius Pursh., Vicia sativa L., Trifolium repens L., Solidago canadensis L. and Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Thrips were collected from R. cuneifolius, and T repens in the spring, R. raphanistrum in the summer, and C. anthrosioides and S. canadensis in the fall. The most common Frankliniella species on every plant species was F. tritici, and a fifth species, Pseudothrips inequalis (Beach), was collected in the fall on C. ambrosioides and S. canadensis. All thrips species were highly aggregated in the flowers or flower racemes, rather than leaves or fruit, and they were generally only collected from flowering plants. R. raphanistrum supported large Populations, and they maybe an important link for thrips between spring and fall. In addition, it may be an essentially enemy free host, as only one O. insidiosus, an important thrips predator, was collected from this host. S. canadensis also supported large thrips populations in the fall, and it may be a source of thrips migrating into crops the following spring. Controlling thrips on these hosts in their respective seasons may limit the number migrating into cropping systems. C1 [Northfield, Tobin D.; Funderburk, Joe E.] Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. [Paini, Dean R.] CSIRO Entomol, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia. [Reitz, Stuart R.] USDA ARS CMAVE, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. RP Northfield, TD (reprint author), Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, 155 Res Rd, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. EM tnorthfield@wsu.edu RI Paini, Dean/C-2341-2009; Reitz, Stuart/B-7667-2008; Northfield, Tobin/I-2323-2013 OI Northfield, Tobin/0000-0002-0563-485X NR 58 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 17 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 769 EP 778 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[769:ACOFST]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 328BX UT WOS:000257773600008 ER PT J AU Lea, MA Ibeh, C Desbordes, C Vizzotto, M Cisneros-Zevallos, L Byrne, DH Okie, WR Moyer, MP AF Lea, Michael A. Ibeh, Chinwe desBordes, Charles Vizzotto, Marcia Cisneros-Zevallos, Luis Byrne, David H. Okie, William R. Moyer, Mary P. TI Inhibition of growth and induction of differentiation of colon cancer cells by peach and plum phenolic compounds SO ANTICANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE colon cancer; differentiation; anthocyanins; peach; plum; phenolics ID ANTHOCYANIN-RICH EXTRACTS; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; APC(MIN) MICE; PURPLE CORN; IN-VITRO; PROLIFERATION; APOPTOSIS; CHEMOPREVENTION; CARCINOGENESIS; TUMORIGENESIS AB The action of extracts from anthocyanin-enriched plums and peaches on growth and differentiation was studied with human colon cancer cells. Growth inhibitory effects were observed in Caco-2, SW1116, HT29 and NCM460 cells. In Caco-2 cells but not in the other cells studied there was evidence for increased differentiation as judged by increased activity of alkaline phosphatase and dipeptidyl peptidase. A differentiating effect on Caco-2 cells was not seen with cyanidin or cyanidin-3-glucoside but the action of the fruit extracts was additive with the action of butyrate and with the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126. Fractionation using C18 indicated activity resided within a fraction containing anthocyanins but further fractionation using LH-20 suggested that most of the activity was in a fraction containing polyphenols other than anthocyanins. It was concluded that several peach and plum phenolic molecules can influence growth and differentiation in human colon cancer cells. C1 [Lea, Michael A.; Ibeh, Chinwe] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Sch Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [desBordes, Charles] CUNY Medgar Evers Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11225 USA. [Okie, William R.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Cisneros-Zevallos, Luis; Byrne, David H.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Moyer, Mary P.] INCELL Corp, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Vizzotto, Marcia] Embrapa Clima Temperado, BR-96001970 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. RP Lea, MA (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Sch Med, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM lea@umdnj.edu RI Vizzotto, Marcia/F-3910-2015 OI Lea, Michael/0000-0003-0311-7557; Vizzotto, Marcia/0000-0002-8071-4980 NR 29 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDRITIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, PO BOX 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0250-7005 J9 ANTICANCER RES JI Anticancer Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4B BP 2067 EP 2076 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 333KK UT WOS:000258151200009 PM 18751377 ER PT J AU Tian, P Engelbrektson, A Mandrell, R AF Tian, Peng Engelbrektson, Anna Mandrell, Robert TI Two-log increase in sensitivity for detection of norovirus in complex samples by concentration with porcine gastric mucin conjugated to magnetic beads SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; GASTROENTERITIS VIRUSES; OUTBREAK; BINDING; FOODS; ASSAY AB Human histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) have been identified previously as candidate receptors for human norovirus (NOR). Type A, type H1, and Lewis HBGA in humans have been identified as major HBGA for NOR binding. We have found that pig stomach (gastric) mucin (PGM) contains blood group A, H1, and Lewis b HBGA and binds to multiple strains of NOR more broadly than do specific antibodies to NOR. Both genogroup I (GGI) and GGII NOR strains were recovered by PGM-conjugated magnetic beads. A fecal sample containing GGII NOR was detected at a dilution of 1:1,000,000 by the standard RNA extraction procedure, whereas NOR in a 1:100,000,000 dilution could be concentrated by PGM-conjugated magnetic beads and NOR in spiked food samples (e.g., oyster extract, strawberry, raspberry, and lettuce) was captured by PGM, thus minimizing the reverse transcription-PCR inhibitors in food and increasing sensitivity. C1 [Tian, Peng; Engelbrektson, Anna; Mandrell, Robert] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Tian, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ptian@pw.usda.gov RI Engelbrektson, Anna/K-5563-2012; Engelbrektson, Anna/F-1687-2013 NR 17 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 74 IS 14 BP 4271 EP 4276 DI 10.1128/AEM.00539-08 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 327MQ UT WOS:000257733600004 PM 18515489 ER PT J AU Rasooly, R Do, PM AF Rasooly, Reuven Do, Paula M. TI Development of an in vitro activity assay as an alternative to the mouse bioassay for Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type A SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; TOXIN; FOOD AB Currently, the only accepted assay with which to detect active Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin is an in vivo mouse bioassay. The mouse bioassay is sensitive and robust and does not require specialized equipment. However, the mouse bioassay is slow and not practical in many settings, and it results in the death of animals. Here, we describe an in vitro cleavage assay for SNAP-25 (synaptosome-associated proteins of 25 kDa) for measuring the toxin activity with the same sensitivity as that of the mouse bioassay. Moreover, this assay is far more rapid, can be automated and adapted to many laboratory settings, and has the potential to be used for toxin typing. The assay has two main steps. The first step consists of immunoseparation and concentration of the toxin, using immunomagnetic beads with monoclonal antibodies directed against the 100-kDa heavy chain subunit, and the second step consists of a cleavage assay targeting the SNAP-25 peptide of the toxin, labeled with fluorescent dyes and detected as a fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay. Our results suggest that the sensitivity of this assay is 10 pg/ml, which is similar to the sensitivity of the mouse bioassay, and this test can detect the activity of the toxin in carrot juice and beef. These results suggest that the assay has a potential use as an alternative to the mouse bioassay for analysis of C. botulinum type A neurotoxin. C1 [Rasooly, Reuven; Do, Paula M.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Rasooly, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM reuven.rasooly@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 74 IS 14 BP 4309 EP 4313 DI 10.1128/AEM.00617-08 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 327MQ UT WOS:000257733600009 PM 18515481 ER PT J AU Moon, YS Donzelli, BGG Krasnoff, SB McLane, H Griggs, MH Cooke, P Vandenberg, JD Gibson, DM Churchill, ACL AF Moon, Yong-Sun Donzelli, Bruno G. G. Krasnoff, Stuart B. McLane, Heather Griggs, Mike H. Cooke, Peter Vandenberg, John D. Gibson, Donna M. Churchill, Alice C. L. TI Agrobacterium-mediated disruption of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene in the invertebrate pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae reveals a peptide spore factor SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; PEST-CONTROL; COCCIDIOIDES-POSADASII; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MANDUCA-SEXTA; VAR.-ACRIDUM; INSECT; DESTRUXINS AB Numerous secondary metabolites have been isolated from the insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, but the roles of these compounds as virulence factors in disease development are poorly understood. We targeted for disruption by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation a putative nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NPS) gene, MaNPS1. Four of six gene disruption mutants identified were examined further. Chemical analyses showed the presence of serinocyclins, cyclic heptapeptides, in the extracts of conidia of control strains, whereas the compounds were undetectable in Delta Manps1 mutants treated identically or in other developmental stages, suggesting that MaNPS1 encodes a serinocyclin synthetase. Production of the cyclic depsipeptide destruxins, M. anisopliae metabolites also predicted to be synthesized by an NPS, was similar in Delta Manps1 mutant and control strains, indicating that MaNPS1 does not contribute to destruxin biosynthesis. Surprisingly, a MaNPS1 fragment detected DNA polymorphisms that correlated with relative destruxin levels produced in vitro, and MaNPS1 was expressed concurrently with in vitro destruxin production. Delta Manps1 mutants exhibited in vitro development and responses to external stresses comparable to control strains. No detectable differences in pathogenicity of the Delta Manps1 mutants were observed in bioassays against beet armyworm and Colorado potato beetle in comparison to control strains. This is the first report of targeted disruption of a secondary metabolite gene in M. anisopliae, which revealed a novel cyclic peptide spore factor. C1 [Churchill, Alice C. L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Krasnoff, Stuart B.; Griggs, Mike H.; Vandenberg, John D.; Gibson, Donna M.] USDA ARS, Biol Integrated Pest Management Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cooke, Peter] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Churchill, ACL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM acc7@cornell.edu NR 87 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 74 IS 14 BP 4366 EP 4380 DI 10.1128/AEM.00285-08 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 327MQ UT WOS:000257733600016 PM 18502925 ER PT J AU de los Santos, FS Donoghue, AM Venkitanarayanan, K Reyes-Herrera, I Metcalf, JH Dirain, ML Aguiar, VF Blore, PJ Donoghue, DJ AF de los Santos, F. Solis Donoghue, A. M. Venkitanarayanan, K. Reyes-Herrera, I. Metcalf, J. H. Dirain, M. L. Aguiar, V. F. Blore, P. J. Donoghue, D. J. TI Therapeutic supplementation of caprylic acid in feed reduces Campylobacter jejuni colonization in broiler chicks SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO INACTIVATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TURKEY POULTS; MILK LIPIDS; FATTY-ACIDS; CONTAMINATION; BOVINE; SPP.; FOOD; MONOGLYCERIDES AB Poultry colonized with Campylobacter species are a significant source of human food-borne illness. The therapeutic use of the medium chain fatty acid caprylic acid consistently reduced enteric C.jejuni colonization in chicks by 3 to 4 logs in three separate trials. These results support caprylic acid's potential to reduce Campylobacter carriage in poultry. C1 [de los Santos, F. Solis; Reyes-Herrera, I.; Metcalf, J. H.; Dirain, M. L.; Aguiar, V. F.; Blore, P. J.; Donoghue, D. J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Donoghue, A. M.] USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Saffety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Venkitanarayanan, K.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Donoghue, DJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, POSC O-408,1260 W Maple St, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM ddonogh@uark.edu NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 74 IS 14 BP 4564 EP 4566 DI 10.1128/AEM.02528-07 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 327MQ UT WOS:000257733600040 ER PT J AU Sarath, G Akin, DE Mitchell, RB Vogel, KP AF Sarath, Gautam Akin, Danny E. Mitchell, Robert B. Vogel, Kenneth P. TI Cell-wall composition and accessibility to hydrolytic enzymes is differentially altered in divergently bred switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) genotypes SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cell wall; chemical analyses; digestibility; genotypes; phenolic acids; lignin; sugars; switchgrass; enzymes ID LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; GENETIC-MODIFICATION; HERBACEOUS PLANTS; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; UNITED-STATES; FORAGE YIELD; DIGESTIBILITY; PRETREATMENT; FEEDSTOCK; PHENOLICS AB The aims of this study were to understand the genotypic variability in cell-wall composition and cell-wall accessibility to enzymes in select switchgrass plants obtained from two different populations derived from a base population of octaploid cultivars. Population C+3 was developed by three breeding generations for high digestibility and population C-1 developed by one generation of breeding for low digestibility. Above-ground biomass from 12 selected genotypes, three each with high or low digestibility within each population, was analyzed for their cell-wall aromatics and polysaccharides. The ratio of p-coumaric acid/ferulic acid was greater (P <= 0.05) for the high-lignin C-1 population over the low-lignin C+3 population, although the amounts of these two phenolics did not differ between populations. Combined values of guaiacyl+syringyl-lignin were consistently higher in genotypes from the C-1 population as compared to the genotypes from the C+3 population. Overall, p-coumaric acid was released by enzymes in greater amounts than ferulic acid in all these genotypes. Genotypes in the C-1 population exhibited lower dry weight loss as compared to the genotypes in the C+3 population after enzymatic digestion, suggesting changes in cell-wall architecture. Overall, our data highlight the phenotypic plasticity coded by the switchgrass genome and suggest that combining dry matter digestibility with other more specific cell-wall traits could result in genotypes with greater utility as bioenergy feedstocks. C1 [Sarath, Gautam; Mitchell, Robert B.; Vogel, Kenneth P.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Akin, Danny E.] USDA ARS, Qual Assessment Res Unit, SAA, RBRRC, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Sarath, G (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Dept Agron & Hort, East Campus,314 Biochem Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM gautam.sarath@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 150 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1007/s12010-008-8168-5 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 316PQ UT WOS:000256962600001 PM 18427744 ER PT J AU Latheef, MA Kirk, IW Bouse, LF Carlton, JB Hoffmann, WC AF Latheef, M. A. Kirk, I. W. Bouse, L. F. Carlton, J. B. Hoffmann, W. C. TI Evaluation of aerial delivery systems for spray deposition and efficacy against sweet potato whitefly on cotton SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE aerial application technology; aerial spray nozzles; spray deposition; silverleaf whiteflies; fenpropathrin; acephate ID ALEYRODIDAE; HOMOPTERA; SIZE AB Sweet potato whiteflies (SWF), Bemisia argentifolii, live on the bottom surface of cotton leaves. Except crawlers, nymphal stages of the insect will not move about to contact insecticides. Aerial sprays to suppress SWF require improved application techniques designed to increase spray deposition and penetration to the lower layers of cotton canopy. Using Rotary atomizers, Winglets, and Trumpet nozzles with combination of air speed and boom heights, fenpropathrin 2.4E + acephate 90S at 0.22 + 0.56 kg active ingredient/ha, respectively, were applied at 46.7 L/ha on furrow-irrigated cotton near Maricopa, Arizona. Deposition of active ingredients and season long efficacy against SWF were determined and compared with conventional CP-03 nozzle. Neither spray deposit nor percentage coverage of active ingredients significantly varied consistently between aerial deliver systems. Rotary nozzles produced significantly smaller droplet size and higher droplet density compared to Winglets, Trumpet, and CP-03 nozzles. There was no consistent trend favoring one aerial delivery system over the other treatments against suppression of B. argentifolii on cotton. Further improvements in aerial delivery systems are needed to achieve increased control of insects that live and feed on the bottom surface of cotton leaves. C1 [Latheef, M. A.; Kirk, I. W.; Bouse, L. F.; Carlton, J. B.; Hoffmann, W. C.] USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hoffmann, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM choffmann@tamu.edu NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 415 EP 422 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 337UH UT WOS:000258460500003 ER PT J AU Jabro, JD Kim, Y Evans, RG Iversen, WM Stevens, WB AF Jabro, J. D. Kim, Y. Evans, R. G. Iversen, W. M. Stevens, W. B. TI Passive capillary sampler for measuring soil water drainage and flux in the vadose zone: Design, performance, and enhancement SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE lysimeter; tipping bucket; fluxmeter; TDR sensor ID PORE-WATER; FIBERGLASS WICKS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; FIELD-EVALUATION; LYSIMETERS; PAN AB Various soil water samplers are used to monitor; measure, and estimate drainage water; fluxes, and solute transport in the vadose zone. Passive capillary samplers (PCAPs) have shown potential to provide better measurements and estimates of soil water drainage and fluxes than other lysimeters designs and field sampling methods. Twelve automated PCAPs with sampling surface dimensions of 31 cm width X 91 cm long and 87 cut in height were designed, constructed, and tops of the samplers were placed 90 cm below the soil surface in a Lihen sandy loam (sandy, mixed, frigid Entic Haplustoll). The PCAPs were installed to continually quantify the amount of drainage water and fluxes occurring under sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) and malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crops treated with 30 mm (low replacement) and 15 nun (high replacement) irrigation frequencies. Drainage water was extracted, collected, and measured periodically (weekly front May to mid-August, biweekly until late September, and monthly thereafter until mid-November). This design incorporated Bluetooth wireless technology to enable an automated datalogger to transmit drainage water and flux data simultaneously every 15 min to a remote host. Real-time seamless monitoring and measuring of drainage water and fluxes was thus possible without the need for costly time-consuming supportive operations. The mean difference (%) values between manually exit-acted and logged drainage water for high frequency (M-d = 0.80 mm) and low frequency (M-d = 0.26 mm) irrigations were small and not significantly different front zero. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 2.46 and 7.83 mm for high frequency and low frequency irrigations, respectively, were also small. Despite small variations in drainage water results, our novel PCAP design provided an accurate and convenient way to measure water drainage and flux in the vadose zone. Moreover; it offered a significantly larger covet-age area (2700 cm(2)) than similarly designed vadose zone fluxmeters or PCAPs. In the course of one),cars field testing, we incorporated several additional enhancements such as PCAP container, tipping bucket and datalogger unit., all of which we recommend for optimal performance. C1 [Jabro, J. D.; Kim, Y.; Evans, R. G.; Iversen, W. M.; Stevens, W. B.] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Jabro, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM jay.jabro@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 439 EP 446 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 337UH UT WOS:000258460500006 ER PT J AU Stone, KC Bauer, PJ Busscher, WJ Millen, JA AF Stone, K. C. Bauer, P. J. Busscher, W. J. Millen, J. A. TI Narrow row corn production with subsurface drip irrigation SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE subsurface drip irrigation; narrow-row corn production; water conservation ID SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL-PLAIN; MANAGEMENT; COTTON AB southeastern U.S. Coastal Plains, supplemental irrigation is required to reduce the impact of short-term droughts and yield-reducing plant water stress that call occur at least biennially. Sprinkler irrigation is commonly used to water agronomic crops in the region. Microirrigation is typically used for high value fruit and vegetable crops. In recent years and at some locations, microirrigaiton combined with conservation tillage has been implemented for agronomic crop production to help conserve soil moisture. In this research, we investigated the feasibility of planting corn (Zea Mays L) ill narrow rows over subsurface drip irrigation (SDI). Our specific objectives were to 1) compare narrow-row corn yields using surface and subsurface drip irrigation with laterals spaced at 1 and 2 in; 2) compare the effects of pulsed SDI applications to move irrigation water farther away from the laterals oil narrow-row corn yields; and 3) evaluate the impact of corn row distance from SDI laterals oil plant biomass, nitrogen, and yield components. Corti was planted in 0.38-m rows oil all existing subsurface drip irrigation system with laterals installed 0.30 m below the soil surface and spaced at 1 and 2 in apart. Surface drip irrigation was installed at both lateral spacings to compare with the SDI treatments. Irrigation was applied weekly as required to meet the crop water demands. All nutrients were applied through the subsurface drip irrigation system. Corn yields for 2003 ranged from 4301 to 5420 kg/ha, while in 2004 the yields were greater and ranged from 4452 to 6329 kg/ha. No significant differences were observed between the SDI and surface drip irrigated treatments. Corn yields from the pulsed SDI treatments were not significantly different front non-pulsed treatments. Early season whole plant biomass was significantly higher for the 2-m SDI lateral spacing, but there were no significant biomass differences at later growth stages. Corresponding whole plain N concentrations were significantly higher for the I-m SDI lateral spacing in 2004. Grain N, ear length, and ear weight were not significantly different at harvest for SDI lateral spacing. We found that the distance of the corn rows from the SDI lateral greatly influenced the crop growth and grain yield. Plant biomass, whole plant N, ear length, and grain weight all decreased significantly with distance from the SDI laterals. These results show a great deal of variability among rows when corn is grown in 0.38-m spacing over SDI laterals for wider row crops. Higher plant populations placed closer to the laterals may increase productivity. C1 [Stone, K. C.; Bauer, P. J.; Busscher, W. J.; Millen, J. A.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. RP Stone, KC (reprint author), 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM ken.stone@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 455 EP 464 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 337UH UT WOS:000258460500008 ER PT J AU Chao, K Yang, CC Kim, MS Chan, DE AF Chao, K. Yang, C. -C. Kim, M. S. Chan, D. E. TI High throughput spectral imaging system for wholesomeness inspection of chicken SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE food safety; HACCP; poultry; spectral imaging ID POULTRY; CLASSIFICATION AB An online line-scan imaging system containing an electron-multiplying charge-coupled device detector and line-scan spectrograph was used for identifying wholesome and unwholesome freshly slaughtered chicken carcasses on high-speed commercial chicken processing lines. Hyperspectral images were acquired using the line-scan imaging system for 5549 wholesome chicken carcasses and 93 unwholesome chicken carcasses on a commercial processing line, for analysis to optimize ROI size and location and to determine the key intensity waveband and ratio wavebands to be used for online inspection. Multispectral imaging algorithms were developed for real-time online identification of wholesome and unwholesome chicken carcasses. The imaging system inspected over 100,000 chickens on a commercial 140-bpm kill line during continuous operation and achieved over 99% accuracy in identifying wholesome chickens and over 96% accuracy in identifying unwholesome chickens. A system of this type can perform food safety inspection tasks accurately and with less variation in performance at high speeds (e.g., at least 140 bpm), and help poultry plants to improve production efficiency and satisfy increasing consumer demand for poultry products. C1 [Chao, K.; Kim, M. S.; Chan, D. E.] USDA ARS, Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yang, C. -C.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Lexington, KY USA. RP Chao, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Safety Lab, Bldg 303,BARC East,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kevin.chao@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 475 EP 485 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 337UH UT WOS:000258460500010 ER PT J AU Haff, RP Jackson, E AF Haff, R. P. Jackson, E. TI Low cost real-time sorting of in-shell pistachio nuts from kernels SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE spectroscopy; pistachio nuts; kernels; in-shell; sorting ID CONTAMINATION AB A simple, low-cost optical system and decision making circuitry for use in high speed sorting devices designed for separating pistachio nuts with (in-shell) and without (kernels) shells is reported. Testing indicates 95% accuracy in removing kernels from the in-shell stream with no false positive results out of 1000 kernels tested.. Testing with 1000 each of in-shell, shell halves, and kernels resulted in an overall error of about 3.3%, roughly twice the overall error rate achieved using a commercially available dual band NIR-VIS sorting device. However; the cost Of materials for the equipment reported here was less than $500 (U.S.), indicating the polential for economical sorting versus for commercially available equipment. Since existing sorters can be trained to sort a variety of product streams, implementation of the new device in pistachio plants could free up machines for other sorting tasks, thus reducing the overall cost of sorting the pistachio crop. C1 [Haff, R. P.; Jackson, E.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Haff, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ron@pw.usda.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 487 EP 490 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 337UH UT WOS:000258460500011 ER PT J AU Baker, KD Hughs, E Chun, DTW AF Baker, K. D. Hughs, E. Chun, D. T. W. TI Use of a rotor spray system for moisture addition to cotton lint SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cotton gin; moisture restoration; cotton fiber quality; bale storage AB Tests were conducted using a rotor spray system to apply moisture in the form of fine water droplets to cotton lint at the lint slide just before bale packaging. Two studies were conducted, one in which bales were stored for 6 months and another in which bales were stored for 15 months. For the first study, initial cotton lint moisture content averaged 5.1% and ranged from 4.4% to 5.7%, wet basis, and for the second study the initial moisture content averaged 5.5% and ranged from 53% to 5.9%. For the 6-month storage test, five levels of moisture addition were studied, including average moisture levels of 6.301,, 6.5%, 7.0%, 7.7%, and 7.9% moisture (just after rewetting), in addition to bales with no additional moisture added. For the 15-month storage test, three levels of moisture addition were studied, including 8.0%, 8.4%, and 10.0% moisture (just. after rewetting). In both studies, cotton quality degradation was determined after each of the respective storage periods. No significant changes were found in HVI micronaire, strength, length, or uniformity or any properties measured with the Advanced Fiber Information System. At moistures of 7.5% and greater; the color +b value decreased slightly and the decrease was statistically significant. When considering the moisture range used in this study, results are consistent with earlier studies using atomizing spray nozzles, therefore recommendations for using a rotor spray system for adding moisture to cotton fiber at the lint slide should be the same as those for using an atomizing spray nozzle system. Thus, in order to minimize color degradation during storage, cotton lint moisture should be less than 7.5% wet basis (8.0% dry basis) when the bale is formed. C1 [Baker, K. D.; Hughs, E.] ARS, USDA, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. [Chun, D. T. W.] ARS, USDA, Cotton Qual Res Unit, Clemson, SC USA. RP Baker, KD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, POB 578, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. EM Kevin.Baker@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 491 EP 495 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 337UH UT WOS:000258460500012 ER PT J AU Wong, DWS Chan, VJ Batt, SB AF Wong, Dominic W. S. Chan, Victor J. Batt, Sarah B. TI Cloning and characterization of a novel exo-alpha-1,5-L-arabinanase gene and the enzyme SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arabinanase; exo-1,5-alpha-L-arabinanase; pectinase; arabinan-degrading enzyme ID ARABINAN-DEGRADING ENZYMES; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; ENDO-1,5-ALPHA-L-ARABINANASE; PURIFICATION; DEGRADATION; EXPRESSION; METAGENOME; ACULEATUS; AMYLASE; 43A AB A novel exo-alpha-1,5-L-arabinanase gene (arn3) was isolated, cloned, and expressed in E. coli. The recombinant enzyme (ARN3) had a pH optimum of 6.0-7.0 and a pH 3.0-7.0 stability range. The temperature optimum was 50 degrees C with a stability less than or equal to 45 degrees C. The recombinant ARN3 cleaved carboxymethyl (CM)-arabinan, debranched arabinan, and linear arabinan at a decreasing rate and is inactive on sugar beet arabinan, wheat arabinoxylan, and p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside. The enzyme hydrolyzed debranched arabinan and synthetic arabino-oligosaccharides entirely to arabinose. The apparent K (m) and V (max) values were determined to be 6.2 +/- 0.3 mg/ml and 0.86 +/- 0.01 mg ml(-1) min(-1), respectively (pH 7.0, 37 degrees C, CM-arabinan). Multiple sequence alignment and homology modeling revealed unique short sequences of amino acids extending the loop involved in partial blocking of one end of the substrate-binding site on the surface of the molecule. C1 [Wong, Dominic W. S.; Chan, Victor J.; Batt, Sarah B.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wong, DWS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM dwsw@pw.usda.gov NR 30 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 BP 941 EP 949 DI 10.1007/s00253-008-1504-4 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 318VW UT WOS:000257121900006 PM 18483735 ER PT J AU Acosta-Martinez, V Acosta-Mercado, D Sotomayor-Ramirez, D Cruz-Rodriguez, L AF Acosta-Martinez, V. Acosta-Mercado, D. Sotomayor-Ramirez, D. Cruz-Rodriguez, L. TI Microbial communities and enzymatic activities under different management in semiarid soils (vol 38, pg 249, 2008) SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Acosta-Martinez, V.] USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Acosta-Mercado, D.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Sotomayor-Ramirez, D.; Cruz-Rodriguez, L.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agron & Soils, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Acosta-Martinez, V (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM vacostam@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 39 IS 3 BP 358 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2008.01.004 PG 1 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 305UY UT WOS:000256204500013 ER PT J AU Shields, FD Knight, SS Stofleth, JM AF Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Knight, Scott S. Stofleth, John M. TI Stream bed organic carbon and biotic integrity SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE streams; channel incision; erosion; carbon; benthic organic matter; large wood; fish; indices; index of biotic integrity ID LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; FISH COMMUNITIES; CHANNEL INCISION; HYPORHEIC ZONE; HEADWATER STREAMS; WARMWATER STREAMS; AQUATIC HABITATS; LEAF-LITTER; MATTER; RIVER AB 1. Allochthonous carbon is the basis of the detrital food web in low-order, warmwater stream ecosystems, and stream-bed sediments typically function as carbon reservoirs. Many of the same factors that govern carbon input and storage to streams (e.g. riparian vegetation, large wood, heterogeneous boundaries) have also been identified as key attributes of stream fish habitat. 2. Effects of channel incision on sand-bed stream carbon reservoirs and indices of biological integrity (IBIS) based on fish collections were examined for four streams exhibiting a range of incisement in northern Mississippi. Observed mean C concentrations (mass percentage) ranged from 0.24 +/- 036% for a non-incised stream to only 0.01 +/- 0.02% for a severely incised channel, and were not correlated with large wood (LW) density, perhaps because LW density Lit one site was elevated by a habitat rehabilitation project and at another site by accelerated inputs from incision-related riparian tree fall. Fish IBI was positively correlated with bed C (r = 0.70, p = 0.003), and IBIS for reference streams were more than 50% greater than those computed for the most severely degraded sites. 3. More testing is needed to determine the efficacy of stream bed C as an indicator, but its importance to warmwater stream ecosystems, and the importance of covarying physical and hydrologic conditions seems evident. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Shields, F. Douglas, Jr.; Knight, Scott S.] USDA ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Unit, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Stofleth, John M.] PWA Ltd, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Unit, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM dshields@ars.usda.gov NR 79 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1052-7613 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 18 IS 5 BP 761 EP 779 DI 10.1002/aqc.868 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 340FK UT WOS:000258631300024 ER PT J AU Gotustovich, AA Steimetz, T Nielsen, FH Guglielmotti, MB AF Gotustovich, Alejandro A. Steimetz, Tammy Nielsen, Forrest H. Guglielmotti, Maria B. TI A histomorphometric study of alveolar bone modelling and remodelling in mice fed a boron-deficient diet SO ARCHIVES OF ORAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boron; alveolar bone; histomorphometry; mice ID PERIODONTAL-DISEASES; RATS; NUTRITION; HEALTH; SUPPLEMENTATION; INFLAMMATION; METABOLISM; BIOLOGY; TISSUES; PROTEIN AB objective: Emerging evidence indicates that boron (B) plays a role in bone formation and maintenance. Thus, a study was performed to determine whether dietary B-deficiency affects periodontal alveolar bone modelling and remodelling. Design: Weanling Swiss mice (n = 30) were divided into three groups: control diet (GI, 3 mg B/kg); B-deficient diet (GII, 0.07 mg B/kg); and pair-fed with GII (GIII). The animals were maintained on their respective diets for 9 weeks and then sacrificed. The guidelines of the NIH for the care and use of laboratory animals were observed. The mandibles were resected, fixed, decalcified in 10% EDTA and embedded in paraffin. Buccolingually oriented sections were obtained at the level of the mesial root of the first lower molar and stained with H-E, Histomorphometric studies were performed separately on the buccal and lingual sides of the periodontal alveolar bone. Percentages of osteoblast surfaces (ObSs), eroded surfaces (ESs), and quiescent surfaces (QSs) were determined. Results: No statistically significant differences in food intake and body weight were observed between the groups. When compared with GI and GIII mice, GII mice (B-deficient) had 63% and 48% reductions in ObS and 58% and 73% increases in QS in buccal and lingual plates, respectively. ES were not affected by B nutriture. Conclusion: The results are evidence that dietary boron deprivation in mice alters periodontal alveolar bone modelling and remodelling by inhibiting bone formation. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gotustovich, Alejandro A.] CNEA Reg Noroeste, Res Lab, Salta, Argentina. [Gotustovich, Alejandro A.; Guglielmotti, Maria B.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Natl Res Council, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Steimetz, Tammy; Guglielmotti, Maria B.] Univ Buenos Aires, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Pathol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Nielsen, Forrest H.] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Gotustovich, AA (reprint author), CNEA Reg Noroeste, Res Lab, A4408FTV, Salta, Argentina. EM agorustovich@gmail.com NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0003-9969 J9 ARCH ORAL BIOL JI Arch. Oral Biol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 53 IS 7 BP 677 EP 682 DI 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.01.011 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 313CV UT WOS:000256719600010 ER PT J AU Vaira, AM Maroon-Lango, CJ Hammond, J AF Vaira, Anna Maria Maroon-Lango, Clarissa J. Hammond, John TI Molecular characterization of Lolium latent virus, proposed type member of a new genus in the family Flexiviridae SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOSAIC POTEXVIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEIN; GENOME; RNA; SEQUENCE; BLOCK AB Lolium latent virus (LoLV) was recently detected in the USA for the first time in ryegrass hybrids (Lolium perenne x Lolium multiflorum). The genome of one USA isolate, LoLV-US1, has now been fully sequenced. The positive strand genomic RNA is 7674 nucleotides (nt) long and is organized in five open reading frames (ORFs) encoding the replication-associated protein, the movement-associated triple gene block proteins and the coat protein (CP). The genome organization is similar to that of viruses in the genera Potexvirus and Foveavirus; however, analysis of the complete LoLV genomic sequence, phylogenetic analyses of the deduced amino acid (aa) sequences of the polymerase and the CP, presence of a putative ORF 6, and the in vivo detection of two CPs in equimolar amounts, highlight features peculiar to LoLV. These characteristics indicate that LoLV forms a monotypic group separate from existing genera and unassigned species within the family Flexiviridae, for which we propose the genus name Lolavirus. One-step RT-PCR was developed for quick and reliable LoLV detection. C1 [Vaira, Anna Maria; Hammond, John] ARS, USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Vaira, Anna Maria] CNR, Ist Virol Vegetale, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Maroon-Lango, Clarissa J.] USDA, APHIS, Plant Germplasm Quarantine Program, PPQ PHP, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hammond, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, B-010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.hammond@ars.usda.gov RI Vaira, Anna Maria/B-9082-2015 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 153 IS 7 BP 1263 EP 1270 DI 10.1007/s00705-008-0108-8 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 315VT UT WOS:000256909000007 PM 18509590 ER PT J AU Pauszek, SJ Allende, R Rodriguez, LL AF Pauszek, Steven J. Allende, Rossana Rodriguez, Luis L. TI Characterization of the full-length genomic sequences of vesicular stomatitis Cocal and Alagoas viruses SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEW-JERSEY; UNITED-STATES; EVOLUTION; SEROTYPE; RNA; REPLICATION; VESICULOVIRUSES; TRANSCRIPTION; REEMERGENCE; CHANDIPURA AB In Brazil and Argentina, vesicular stomatitis (VS) is caused by distinct viral strains serologically related to the classical vesicular stomatitis virus Indiana (VSIV), namely VS Indiana-2 (VSIV-2) and VS Indiana-3 (VSIV-3). Here we describe the full-length genomic sequences and organization of the prototype strains of VSIV-2 Cocal virus (COCV) and VSIV-3 Alagoas virus (VSAV). These viruses showed similar genomic organizations to VSIV field isolates except that the non-structural C'/C proteins, markedly conserved throughout the vesiculoviruses, were absent in VSAV. Phylogenetic analyses consistently grouped COCV, VSAV and VSIV in a monophyletic group distinct from VSNJV, supporting the classification of these viruses within the Indiana serogroup. C1 [Pauszek, Steven J.; Rodriguez, Luis L.] ARS, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Allende, Rossana] PAHO, Pan Amer Foot & Mouth Dis Ctr, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. RP Rodriguez, LL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Orient Point,Long Isl,POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM luis.rodriguez@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 153 IS 7 BP 1353 EP 1357 DI 10.1007/s00705-008-0113-y PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 315VT UT WOS:000256909000016 PM 18512001 ER PT J AU van Himbergen, TM van Tits, LJH Ter Avest, E Roest, M Voorbij, HAM de Graaf, J Stalenhoef, AFH AF van Himbergen, Thomas M. van Tits, Lambertus J. H. Ter Avest, Ewoud Roest, Mark Voorbij, Hieronymus A. M. de Graaf, Jacqueline Stalenhoef, Anton F. H. TI Paraoxonase (PON1) is associated with familial combined hyperlipidemia SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; enzymes; genetics; lipid disorders ID HUMAN-SERUM PARAOXONASE; HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; MOLECULAR-BASIS; POLYMORPHISM; GENE; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA AB Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) is a common genetic lipid disorder of which the molecular basis still remains to be elucidated. Since the HDL-associated enzyme serum paraoxonase (PON1) is associated with variation in serum lipids and lipoproteins, we determined whether variation in PON1 also contributes to the FCH phenotype. The study population consisted of 32 well-defined families with FCH, including 103 FCH patients and 240 normolipidemic relatives (NLR). In addition to plasma lipids and lipoproteins we determined PON1 activity (arylesterase- and paraoxonase activity) as well as the common genetic variants -107C > T, 55L > M and 192Q > R in the PON1 gene. The arylesterase activity was significantly higher in FCH patients when compared to NLR (P < 0.001). In the total population, the PON1 genetic variants associated with the highest arylesterase activity (-107CC and 55LL) also associated with higher levels of total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, triglycerides and VLDL-cholesterol and decreased levels of HDL-cholesterol. In support, the combination of the -107CC with the 55LL genotype associated with a significant increased risk for FCH when compared to the -107TT/55MM genotype (odds ratio 5.0 (95% CI, 1.3-19.1, P = 0.02)). In conclusion, in this population of subjects from well-defined families with FCH, PON1 is biochemically and genetically associated with FCH. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [van Himbergen, Thomas M.; Roest, Mark; Voorbij, Hieronymus A. M.] UMC Utrecht, Dept Clin Chem & Haematol, Utrecht, Netherlands. [van Himbergen, Thomas M.; van Tits, Lambertus J. H.; Ter Avest, Ewoud; de Graaf, Jacqueline; Stalenhoef, Anton F. H.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Div Gen Internal Med, Dept Med, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP van Himbergen, TM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM thomas.vanhimbergen@tufts.edu RI Stalenhoef, A.F.H./H-8094-2014; Graaf, J./H-8038-2014 NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUL PY 2008 VL 199 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.10.017 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 328ZQ UT WOS:000257837100013 PM 18096166 ER PT J AU Ashworth, DJ Zheng, W Yates, SR AF Ashworth, D. J. Zheng, W. Yates, S. R. TI Determining breakthrough of the soil fumigant chloropicrin from 120 mg XAD-4 sorbent tubes SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE fumigant pesticides; methyl bromide alternatives; agriculture; volatile organic compounds; VOCs; ozone ID EMISSIONS AB The emission to the atmosphere of soil fumigants such as chloropicrin represents a potentially important human exposure pathway. Commonly, determining the air concentration of fumigants is carried out by pumping air through sorbent tubes which chemically retain the fumigant. In order to obtain an accurate measurement, it is essential that the fumigant does not break through the sorbent tubes, since this would result in an underestimation. Using a simple apparatus, we tested the potential for chloropicrin breakthrough from 120 mg XAD-4 sorbent tubes. The effects of chloropicrin loading (0.33 and 3.3 mg) and air flow rate (50 and 1000 mL min(-1)) on the transport of chloropicrin through six XAD-4 tubes (connected in series) were examined over time periods ranging from I to 360 min. The higher flow rate led to rapid and high breakthrough of the chloropicrin, especially at the longer time periods. At 360 min, all six tubes together retained only 46-54% (depending on initial loading) of the added chloropicrin. At the lower flow rate, essentially all of the added chloropicrin was always retained on the first two tubes. The effect of flow rate was greater than that of initial chloropicrin loading and sampling time. It is concluded that when 120 mg XAD-4 tubes are used in soil fumigant emission studies, it should be at low flow rates only and always with at least one back-up tube. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ashworth, D. J.; Yates, S. R.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Zheng, W.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Ashworth, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM daniel.ashworth@ars.usda.gov RI Ashworth, Daniel/A-9701-2008 NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 42 IS 21 BP 5483 EP 5488 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.02.054 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 330RQ UT WOS:000257960900025 ER PT J AU Walker, HA AF Walker, Hira A. TI Floristics and physiognomy determine migrant landbird response to Tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima) invasion in riparian areas SO AUK LA English DT Article DE community organization; exotic; floristics; migrants; physiognomy; riparian; Tamarix ID BIRD SPECIES-DIVERSITY; AVIAN COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION; MIDDLE RIO-GRANDE; DICEROPROCTA-APACHE; HABITAT SELECTION; SPATIAL SCALES; WOODLAND BIRDS; COLORADO RIVER; VEGETATION; ATTRIBUTES AB I investigated the relative importance of floristics and physiognomy in determining community organization of autumn-migrating landbirds in a riparian corridor in New Mexico invaded by Tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima). All six avian measures were associated with floristics, physiognomy, or both. However, usefulness in predicting migrant parameters differed between floristics and physiognomy, and depended on the vegetation measures used (direct measures vs. plant community-structure indices) and the scale investigated (micro-vs. macrohabitat). Using direct vegetation measures, migrant abundance, energy consumption, and evenness were more strongly associated with floristics than with physiognomy at all scales. Contrastingly, migrant species richness and diversity were more strongly associated with physiognomy than with floristics at the microhabitat scale, and appeared to be unrelated to vegetation measures at the macrohabitat scale. Migrant species composition was similar among floristically similar macrohabitats, but it was equally correlated with floristics and physiognomy at the microhabitat scale. Using plant community-structure indices, migrant species composition and evenness remained strongly associated with the floristic measure (plant species diversity). However, floristic diversity was most important in predicting migrant abundance and diversity, whereas both floristic and physiognomic (horizontal structure) diversity were important in predicting migrant energy consumption. Migrant species richness was not associated with plant community structure. Respective relationships of floristics and physiognomy to food resources and foraging substrates might explain observed bird-vegetation associations. The results indicated that floristics and physiognomy are both useful in predicting avian community organization in exotic vegetation, and such information can guide conservation and management strategies that seek to control Tamarix while protecting migrant landbirds and their stopover habitats. C1 [Walker, Hira A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Walker, Hira A.] Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Walker, HA (reprint author), Dept Game & Fish, 1 Wildlife Way, Santa Fe, NM 87507 USA. EM hira.walker@state.nm.us FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station Middle Rio Grande Ecosystem Management program; New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Share with Wildlife; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; T E, Inc.; AOU Research Award Committee; New Mexico Ornithological Society; Cooper Ornithological Society; National Science Foundation; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, sources: Department of Biology Alvin R. and Caroline G. Grove Research Scholarship Committee; Department of Biology, Graduate Research Allocation Committee; Graduate and Professional Student Research Allocation Committee; the Office of Graduate Studies Research, Project, and Travel Grant Committee FX S. Allerton, S. Cardinal, P. Dexter, S. Guallar, D. Hawksworth, J. Jaeger, P. Jantz, K. Karen, NI. Means, S. Ogle, M. Pollock, J. Puschock, and N. Schorb. This paper benefited from insightful comments by J. Brown, D. Finch, R. L. Hutto, J. Jones, J. Kelly, B. Kus, S. Stoleson, B. Wolf, and an anonymous reviewer. Further invaluable input during the study was provided by G. Harper, J. Ligon, W Howe, T. Neville, and S. Williams. Both M. Kearsley and R. King provided helpful statistical advice. Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station Middle Rio Grande Ecosystem Management program; New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Share with Wildlife; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; T & E, Inc.; AOU Research Award Committee; New Mexico Ornithological Society; Cooper Ornithological Society; and the National Science Foundation. Additional funding was provided by five University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, sources: Department of Biology, Alvin R. and Caroline G. Grove Research Scholarship Committee; Department of Biology, Graduate Research Allocation Committee; Graduate and Professional Student Research Allocation Committee; the Office of Graduate Studies Research, Project, and Travel Grant Committee; and Office of Graduate Studies 3% Scholarship Committee. PC-ORD is available at home.centurytel.net/~mjm/pcordwin.htm. NR 58 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2008 VL 125 IS 3 BP 520 EP 531 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.07022 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 340FJ UT WOS:000258631200002 ER PT J AU Dunn, RO AF Dunn, Robert O. TI Antioxidants for improving storage stability of biodiesel SO BIOFUELS BIOPRODUCTS & BIOREFINING-BIOFPR LA English DT Review DE antioxidants; biodiesel; oil stability index; oxidative stability; pressurized-differential scanning calorimetry; Rancimat ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; SPIN-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; METHYL SOYATE BIODIESEL; UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; OIL-BASED LUBRICANTS; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; VEGETABLE-OILS; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; AUTOXIDATION KINETICS; RANCIMAT METHOD AB Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel made from vegetable oil or animal fat that may be burned in a compression-ignition (diesel) engine. The chemical nature of biodiesel makes it more susceptible to oxidation or autoxidation during long-term storage than conventional petroleum-based diesel (petrodiesel). Oxidative degradation during storage can compromise fuel quality with respect to effects on kinematic viscosity, acid value (number), cetane number, total ester content, and formation of hydroperoxides, soluble polymers, and other secondary products. One promising method of increasing the resistance to oxidation of biodiesel is to add oxidation inhibitors (antioxidants). This review summarizes relevant research progress in the development of effective antioxidants for treating biodiesel. Performance of antioxidants evaluated for treating biodiesel derived from soybean oil, rapeseed (low-erucic) oil, used cooking oil, tallow (beef), and palm oil feedstocks is discussed. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Dunn, RO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. EM Robert.Dunn@ars.usda.gov NR 104 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 29 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1932-104X J9 BIOFUEL BIOPROD BIOR JI Biofuels Bioprod. Biorefining PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 2 IS 4 BP 304 EP 318 DI 10.1002/bbb.83 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 387KG UT WOS:000261950500013 ER PT J AU Qureshi, N Ezeji, TC AF Qureshi, Nasib Ezeji, Thaddeus C. TI Butanol, 'a superior biofuel' production from agricultural residues (renewable biomass): recent progress in technology SO BIOFUELS BIOPRODUCTS & BIOREFINING-BIOFPR LA English DT Review DE butanol; acetone-butanol (AB); agricultural residues; bioreactors; product recovery; process integration; fermentation ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BEIJERINCKII BA101; CONTINUOUS SOLVENT PRODUCTION; ACETONE-BUTANOL; ETHANOL ABE; WHEY PERMEATE; SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION; BATCH FERMENTATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MUTANT STRAIN AB This article reviews bioconversion of plant materials such as wheat straw (WS), corn stover (CS), barley straw (BS), and switchgrass (SG) to butanol and process technology that converts these materials into this superior biofuel. Successful fermentation of low-value WS makes butanol fermentation economically attractive. Simultaneous hydrolysis, fermentation, and product recovery has been successfully performed in a single reactor using WS and C. beijerinckii P260. Research on the production of butanol from other agricultural residues including CS, BS, and SG has steadily progressed. Use of several product-recovery technologies such as liquid-liquid extraction, gas stripping, perstraction, and pervaporation has been successfully applied in laboratory-scale bioreactors. It is expected that these recovery technologies will play a major role in commercialization of this fermentation. By employing in line/in situ product-recovery systems during fermentation, butanol toxicity to the culture has been drastically reduced. In addition to the use of low-cost plant materials for the production of this biofuel, process integration is expected to play a major role in the economics of this product. (C) 2008 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd C1 [Qureshi, Nasib] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Ezeji, Thaddeus C.] Ohio State Univ, Wooster, OH USA. RP Qureshi, N (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Nasib.Qureshi@ars.usda.gov RI Ezeji, Thaddeus/D-7171-2015 OI Ezeji, Thaddeus/0000-0002-8384-895X FU United States Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research (USDA, NCAUR), Peoria, IL, USA FX N. Qureshi would like to thank Michael A. Cotta (United States Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research (USDA, NCAUR), Peoria, IL, USA) for providing help and constant encouragements. NQ would also like to thank John Michael Henderson for finding ethanol production data for 2007 on internet (see ref. 1). NR 50 TC 147 Z9 157 U1 9 U2 114 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1932-104X EI 1932-1031 J9 BIOFUEL BIOPROD BIOR JI Biofuels Bioprod. Biorefining PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 2 IS 4 BP 319 EP 330 DI 10.1002/bbb.85 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 387KG UT WOS:000261950500014 ER PT J AU Broadbent, EN Asner, GP Keller, M Knapp, DE Oliveira, PJC Silva, JN AF Broadbent, Eben N. Asner, Gregory P. Keller, Michael Knapp, David E. Oliveira, Paulo J. C. Silva, Jose N. TI Forest fragmentation and edge effects from deforestation and selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE forest core; forest texture; landscape ecology; rainforest; remote sensing; sustainability ID PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; TROPICAL FOREST; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; RAIN-FOREST; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; FIRE; MICROCLIMATE; CONSERVATION; FRONTIER AB Forest fragmentation results from deforestation and disturbance, with subsequent edge effects extending deep into remaining forest areas. No study has quantified the effects of both deforestation and selective logging, separately and combined, on forest fragmentation and edge effects over large regions. The main objectives of this study were to: (1) quantify the rates and extent of forest fragmentation from deforestation and logging within the Brazilian Amazon, and (2) contextualize the spatio-temporal dynamics of this forest fragmentation through a literature review of potential ecological repercussions of edge creation. Using GIS and remote sensing, we quantified forest fragmentation defined as both increases in the forest edge-to-area ratio and number of forest fragments - and edge-effected forest occurring from these activities across more than 1.1 million km(2) of the Brazilian Amazon from 1999 to 2002. Annually, deforestation and logging generated similar to 32,000 and 38,000 km of new forest edge while increasing the edge-to-area ratio of remaining forest by 0.14 and 0.15, respectively. Combined deforestation and logging increased the edge-to-area ratio of remaining forest by 65% over our study period, while generating 5539 and 3383 new forest fragments, respectively. Although we found that 90% of individual forest fragments were smaller than 4 km(2), we also found that 50% of the remaining intact forests were located in contiguous forest areas greater than 35,000 km(2). We then conducted a literature review documenting 146 edge effects and found that these penetrated to a median distance of 100 m, a distance encompassing 6.4% of all remaining forests in our study region in the year 2002, while 53% of forests were located within two km of an edge. Annually deforestation and logging increased the proportion of edge-forest by 0.8% and 3.1%, respectively. As a result of both activities, the total proportion of edge-forest increased by 2.6% per year, while the proportion within 100-m increased by 0.5%. Over our study period, deforestation resulted in an additional similar to 3000 km(2) of edge-forest, whereas logging generated similar to 20,000 km(2), as it extended deep into intact forest areas. These results show the large extent and rapid expansion of previously unquantified soft-edges throughout the Amazon and highlight the need for greater research into their ecological impacts. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Broadbent, Eben N.; Asner, Gregory P.; Knapp, David E.; Oliveira, Paulo J. C.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Broadbent, Eben N.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Keller, Michael] USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR USA. [Keller, Michael] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Silva, Jose N.] EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, BR-66095100 Belem, Para, Brazil. RP Broadbent, EN (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM eben@stanford.edu; gpa@stanford.edu; michael@kaos.sr.unh.edu; dknapp@globalecology.stanford.edu; poliveira@globalecology.stanford.edu; natalino@cpatu.embrapa.br RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 NR 74 TC 157 Z9 164 U1 21 U2 157 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 141 IS 7 BP 1745 EP 1757 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.04.024 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 335QY UT WOS:000258306300002 ER PT J AU Mejia, LC Rojas, EI Maynard, Z Van Bael, S Arnold, AE Hebbar, P Samuels, GJ Robbins, N Herre, EA AF Mejia, Luis C. Rojas, Enith I. Maynard, Zuleyka Van Bael, Sunshine Arnold, A. Elizabeth Hebbar, Prakash Samuels, Gary J. Robbins, Nancy Herre, Edward Allen TI Endophytic fungi as biocontrol agents of Theobroma cacao pathogens SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; endophytic fungi; Theobroma cacao; Moniliophthora; Phytophthora; Crimpellis; Colletotrichum; Clonostachys; Botryosphaeria ID COCOA POD DISEASES; TALL FESCUE; EVOLUTION; HOST; CLONOSTACHYS; INFESTATION; GRASS AB Fungal endophytes isolated from healthy Theobroma cacao tissues were screened in vitro for antagonism against major pathogens of cacao. Of tested endophytic morphospecies, 40% (21/52), 65% (28/43) and 27% percent (4/15) showed in vitro antagonism against Moniliophthora roreri (frosty pod rot), Phytophthora palmivora (black pod rot) and Moniliophthora perniciosa (witches broom), respectively. The most common antagonistic mechanism was simple competition for substrate. Nonetheless, 13%, 21%, and 0% of tested morphospecies showed clear antibiosis against M. roreri, P. palmivora, and M. perniciosa, respectively. One isolate of Trichoderma was observed to be parasitic on M. roreri. Endophyte species that were common in the host plants under natural conditions often are good colonizers and grow fast in vitro whereas antibiosis producers usually appear to be relatively rare in nature, tend to grow slowly in vitro, and often are not good colonizers. We suggest that there is an inherent general trade-off between fast growth (high colonization) and production of chemicals that produce antibiosis reactions. Finally, field trials assessing the effects of three endophytic fungi (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Clonostachys rosea and Botryosphaeria ribis) on pod loss due to M. roreri and Phytophthora spp. were conducted at four farms in Panama. Although the overall incidence of black pod rot was very low during the tests, treatment with C gloeosporioides significantly decreased pod loss due to that disease. We observed no decrease in pod loss due to frosty pod rot, but treatment with C rosea reduced the incidence of cacao pods with sporulating lesions of M. roreri by 10%. The observed reduction in pod loss due to Phytophthora spp., and sporulation by M. roreri, supports the potential of fungal endophytes as biological control agents. Further, these studies suggest that combined information from field censuses of endophytic fungi, in vitro studies, and greenhouse experiments can provide useful a priori criteria for identifying desirable attributes for potential biocontrol agents. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mejia, Luis C.; Rojas, Enith I.; Maynard, Zuleyka; Van Bael, Sunshine; Robbins, Nancy; Herre, Edward Allen] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Mejia, Luis C.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Arnold, A. Elizabeth] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Div Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hebbar, Prakash] USDA ARS, Mars Inc, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Samuels, Gary J.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Herre, EA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM herrea@si.edu NR 49 TC 96 Z9 111 U1 5 U2 80 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 4 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.01.012 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 317GN UT WOS:000257008100002 ER PT J AU Bailey, BA Bae, H Strem, MD Crozier, J Thomas, SE Samuels, GJ Vinyard, BT Holmes, KA AF Bailey, B. A. Bae, H. Strem, M. D. Crozier, J. Thomas, S. E. Samuels, G. J. Vinyard, B. T. Holmes, K. A. TI Antibiosis, mycoparasitism, and colonization success for endophytic Trichoderma isolates with biological control potential in Theobroma cacao SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Trichoderma; endophyte; colonization; Theobroma cacao; biocontrol; antibiosis; mycoparasitism ID WITCHES-BROOM; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; PLANT-DISEASES; HARZIANUM; TRICHODERMA-HAMATUM-382; BIOCONTROL; PATHOGEN; BLIGHT; MOLD; ROT AB Theobroma cacao (cacao) suffers severe yield losses in many major production areas due to fungus-induced diseases. Cacao supports a complex endophytic microbial community that offers candidates for biocontrol of cacao diseases. Endophytic isolates of Trichoderma species were isolated from the live sapwood of trunks of Theobroma species, pods of Theobroma species, and a liana (Banisteriopsis caapi). Fifteen isolates of Trichoderma, potentially representing seven species, were selected for characterization of the influence of seedling inoculation on the establishment of endophytic growth in cacao seedlings. An isolate of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was also included. The isolates studied in vitro varied in their abilities to produce metabolites inhibitory to Moniliophthora roreri and in their abilities to parasitize M. roreri cultures. The five inoculation methods used were: (1) inoculation of germinating seed on agar plates; (2) plate inoculation followed by planting in sterile soil; (3) planting sterile seed in pre-inoculated soil; (4) inoculation of emerged seedlings at the soil surface; and (5) inoculation of emerged seedlings between the cotyledon and stem. All the isolates studied were able to colonize Theobroma cacao seedlings, but isolates DIS 110a (Trichoderma cf. harzianum), DIS 219b (T hamatum), DIS 219f (T. harzianum), and TA (T asperellum) were the most efficient across inoculation methods. These same isolates also caused moderate to severe discoloration of roots of cacao seedlings germinated on water agar plates. Isolates DIS 173a (T. spirale), DIS 185c (T stromaticum), and Col (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) were inefficient colonizers of cacao. Most of the isolates studied were able to establish an endophytic relationship with cacao by colonizing the above ground portions of the cacao seedling, and exploitation of this characteristic could lead to the development of novel biocontrol strategies for control of cacao diseases. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bailey, B. A.; Bae, H.; Strem, M. D.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Crozier, J.; Thomas, S. E.; Holmes, K. A.] UK Ctr, CABI Biosci, Ascot SL5 7TA, Berks, England. [Samuels, G. J.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Vinyard, B. T.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Biomed Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bailey, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Bryan.Bailey@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 54 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 24 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.01.003 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 317GN UT WOS:000257008100004 ER PT J AU De Souza, JT Bailey, BA Pomella, AWV Erbe, EF Murphy, CA Bae, H Hebbar, PK AF De Souza, J. T. Bailey, B. A. Pomella, A. W. V. Erbe, E. F. Murphy, C. A. Bae, H. Hebbar, P. K. TI Colonization of cacao seedlings by Trichoderma stromaticum, a mycoparasite of the witches' broom pathogen, and its influence on plant growth and resistance SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Theobroma cacao; Trichoderma stromaticum; witches' broom disease; biological control; endophytes; colonization ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; CERATOCYSTIS-FIMBRIATA; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; GENE-EXPRESSION; THEOBROMA-CACAO; HARZIANUM; RHIZOSPHERE; BIOCONTROL; ACCUMULATION; PERNICIOSA AB Trichoderma stromaticum, a mycoparasite of the cacao witches' broom pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa, is being used in Bahia, Brazil to control the disease under field conditions. The endophytic potential of this biocontrol agent was studied in both shoot and root tissues of sterile and nonsterile cacao and bean seedlings. Agar plate and light and electron microscopy studies showed that T stromaticum is able to colonize extensively both cacao and bean plants grown under sterile conditions. However, colonization was lower when plants were grown under nonsterile conditions, especially in the shoot tissues. Recovery of T stromaticum from field-grown trees showed that isolates belonging to genetic group II are more persistent (> 120 days) as endophytes than isolates from group 1. Endophytic colonization of cacao plants by T stromaticum did not result in plant growth promotion nor induced resistance against M perniciosa on seedlings that had been treated 30 days prior to application of the pathogen. These results were confirmed by Northern blot studies, where the fungus was unable to alter the expression of selected genes involved in plant defense such as ChiB, a putative class VII chitinase, Glu-1, a putative endo-1,4-beta-glucanase, Caf-1, a putative caffeine synthase, and Per-1 apoplastic quiacol peroxidase, genes involved in the regulation of plant growth TcORFX-1(fw2.2-like) and TcLhca-1(photosystem I 24 kDa protein) involved in energy production. This study indicates that induced resistance and growth promotion are not responsible for the activity of T. stromaticum in the biocontrol of the witches' broom pathogen. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [De Souza, J. T.] Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD 21658 USA. [De Souza, J. T.; Bailey, B. A.; Bae, H.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Pomella, A. W. V.] Almirante Cacau Agr Comercio & Exportacao Ltda, BR-45630000 Itajuipe, BA, Brazil. [Erbe, E. F.; Murphy, C. A.] USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Electron Microscopy Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hebbar, P. K.] Masterfoods, Hackettstown, NJ 07840 USA. RP De Souza, JT (reprint author), UFRB, CCAAB, Campus Univ Cruz das Almas, BR-44380000 Cruz Das Almas, BA, Brazil. EM jorgetdes@yahoo.com.br NR 40 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 36 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.01.010 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 317GN UT WOS:000257008100005 ER PT J AU Melnick, RL Zidack, NK Bailey, BA Maximova, SN Guiltinan, M Backman, PA AF Melnick, Rachel L. Zidack, Nina K. Bailey, Bryan A. Maximova, Siela N. Guiltinan, Mark Backman, Paul A. TI Bacterial endophytes: Bacillus spp. from annual crops as potential biological control agents of black pod rot of cacao SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Bacillus; biological control; induced systemic resistance; Phytophthora capsici; pathogen; Theobroma cacao ID GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA; INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; PLANT-GROWTH; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; TALL FESCUE; SUGAR-BEET; L.; EXPRESSION; COLONIZATION; FLUCTUATION AB Diseases are the most important factors limiting production of Theobroma cacao in South America. Because of high disease pressure and environmental concerns, biological control is a pertinent area of research for cacao disease management. In this work, we evaluated the ability of four Bacillus spp. isolated from vegetable crops, for their ability to colonize T cacao seedlings and reduce the severity of black pod rot (Phytophthora capsici). Of the Bacillus spp. tested, application of B. cereus isolates BT8 (from tomato) or BP24 (from potato) together with the polysilicon surfactant Silwet L-77 (0.24% vol/vol) resulted in long-term (> 68 days) stable colonization of cacao leaves. Further investigation revealed that foliar colonization by BT8 and BP24 was primarily epiphytic, with endophytic populations typically representing 5-15% of total foliar bacteria. Significant reductions of disease severity (P <= 0.05) on cacao leaf disks challenged with P. capsici were recorded from after day 26, and through 68 days following colonization with BT8. No bacterial colonists were observed in or on leaves that developed after bacteria application, suggesting that the bacteria were not capable of systemic movement through vascular tissues. These newly developed, non-colonized leaves from colonized plants exhibited disease suppression, which supports a probable disease suppression mechanism of induced systemic resistance for the BT8 isolate. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Melnick, Rachel L.; Backman, Paul A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Zidack, Nina K.] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Bailey, Bryan A.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Maximova, Siela N.; Guiltinan, Mark] Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Backman, PA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, 221 Buckhout Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM pbackman@psu.edu RI Melnick, Rachel/B-1719-2013 OI Melnick, Rachel/0000-0002-5113-2551 NR 39 TC 41 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 46 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.01.022 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 317GN UT WOS:000257008100006 ER PT J AU Kuldau, G Bacon, C AF Kuldau, G. Bacon, C. TI Clavicipitaceous endophytes: Their ability to enhance resistance of grasses to multiple stresses SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Review DE fungal endophyte; biological control; Epichloe species; fungal endophyte; Neotyphodium species; Neotyphodium coenophialum; tall fescue endophyte; grass endophytes ID INFECTED TALL FESCUE; NEOTYPHODIUM-COENOPHIALUM-ENDOPHYTE; FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA SCHREB.; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; EPICHLOE-TYPHINA; LOLIUM-PERENNE; ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HOST ASSOCIATIONS AB Grasses are noted for an absence of toxic secondary metabolites. However, some grass-associated fungi are known for their production of numerous secondary compounds, which serve important functions such as plant competition and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Cohabitation of certain fungi with grasses has developed into specific mutualistic associations. The fungi of concern belong to a relatively small group of species within the Clavicipitaccae. This group of fungi shares a common feature in being endophytically associated with grasses as obligate biotrophic symbionts. Specific attention is given to two related genera Epichloe and their anamorphic Neo-typhodium relatives. The association of these fungi with grasses results in the accumulation of several classes of fungal metabolites that serve as relief mechanisms to biotic and abiotic stresses. These include drought tolerance, resistance to vertebrate and invertebrate pests, resistance to fungal diseases, and tolerance to poor soil conditions. Resistance to multiple stresses can occur simultaneously within the same symbiotum. The resulting resistance to multiple stresses, along with inter- and intra-specific competitive advantage suggests the potential for utilizing novel fungal endophytes new host combinations for stress resistance in naturally infected grasses as well as for resistance to specific agronomic and ecological conditions and soil remediation. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kuldau, G.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bacon, C.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Kuldau, G (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kuldau@psu.edu NR 170 TC 97 Z9 113 U1 7 U2 67 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 57 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.01.023 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 317GN UT WOS:000257008100007 ER PT J AU Vega, FE Posada, F Aime, MC Pava-Ripoll, M Infante, F Rehner, SA AF Vega, Fernando E. Posada, Francisco Aime, M. Catherine Pava-Ripoll, Monica Infante, Francisco Rehner, Stephen A. TI Entomopathogenic fungal endophytes SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Review DE Acremonium; Beauveria; biological control; Cladosporium; Clonostachys; coffee; endophytes; entomopathogens; Isaria; Paecilomyces ID BASSIANA BALSAMO VUILLEMIN; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS HUBNER; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; ZEA-MAYS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; PLANT-RESISTANCE; SPRUCE BUDWORM; PEST-CONTROL; TALL FESCUE AB Fungal endophytes are quite common in nature and some of them have been shown to have adverse effects against insects, nematodes, and plant pathogens. Our research program is aimed at using fungal endophytes-mediated plant defense as a novel biological control mechanism against the coffee berry borer, the most devastating pest of coffee throughout the world. A survey of fungal endophytes in coffee plants from Hawaii, Colombia, Mexico, and Puerto Rico has revealed the presence of various genera of fungal entomopathogens, including A cremonium, Beauveria, Cladosporium, Clonostachys, and Paecilomyces. Two of these, B. bassiana and Clonostachys rosea, were tested against the coffee berry borer and were shown to be pathogenic. This paper reviews the possible mode of action of entomopathogenic fungal endophytes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Vega, Fernando E.; Posada, Francisco] USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Pava-Ripoll, Monica] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Infante, Francisco] Colegio Frontera Sur ECOSUR, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. [Aime, M. Catherine; Rehner, Stephen A.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Vega, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, BARC W, Bldg 011A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Fernando.Vega@ars.usda.gov RI Trejo, Yesenia/D-9257-2012; OI Infante, Francisco/0000-0002-7419-7606; Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 NR 118 TC 129 Z9 149 U1 10 U2 111 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 72 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.01.008 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 317GN UT WOS:000257008100008 ER PT J AU Garcia, S Canela, MA Garnatje, T Mcarthur, ED Pellicer, J Sanderson, SC Valles, J AF Garcia, Sonia Canela, Miguel A. Garnatje, Teresa Mcarthur, E. Durant Pellicer, Jaume Sanderson, Stewart C. Valles, Joan TI Evolutionary and ecological implications of genome size in the North American endemic sagebrushes and allies (Artemisia, Asteraceae) SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Compositae; C value; hybridization; polyploidy; reticulate evolution; r/K selection; speciation; Tridentatae; weed ID NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS; SUBGENUS TRIDENTATAE; SECTION TRIDENTATAE; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; SUBTRIBE ARTEMISIINAE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; FLOWERING PLANTS; GENUS ARTEMISIA AB The genome size of 51 populations of 20 species of the North American endemic sagebrushes (subgenus Tridentatae), related species, and some hybrid taxa were assessed by flow cytometry, and were analysed in a phylogenetic framework. Results were similar for most Tridentatae species, with the exception of three taxonomically conflictive species: Artemisia bigelovii Gray, Artemisia pygmaea Gray, and Artemisia rigida Gray. Genome size homogeneity (together with the high morphological, chemical, and karyological affinities, as well as low DNA sequence divergence) could support a recent diversification process in this geographically restricted group, thought to be built upon a reticulate evolutionary framework. The Tridentatae and the other North American endemic Artemisia show a significantly higher genome size compared with the other subgenera. Our comparative analyses including genome size results, together with different kinds of ecological and morphological traits, suggest an evolutionary change in lifestyle strategy linked to genome expansion, in which junk or selfish DNA accumulation might be involved. Conversely, weed or invasive behaviour in Artemisia is coupled with lower genome sizes. Data for both homoploid and polyploid hybrids were also assessed. Genome sizes are close to the expected mean of parental species for homoploid hybrids, but are lower than expected in the allopolyploids, a phenomenon previously documented to be related with polyploidy. (C) 2008 The Linnean Society of London. C1 [Garcia, Sonia; Pellicer, Jaume; Valles, Joan] Univ Barcelona, Fac Farm, Lab Bot, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. [Canela, Miguel A.] Univ Barcelona, Fac Matemat, Dept Matemat Aplicada Anal, E-08007 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. [Garnatje, Teresa] ICUB, CSIC, Inst Bot, Barcelona 08038, Catalonia, Spain. [Mcarthur, E. Durant; Sanderson, Stewart C.] US Forest Serv, Shrub Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Garcia, S (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Fac Farm, Lab Bot, Avinguda Joan 22 S N, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. EM soniagarcia@ub.edu RI Valles, Joan/B-4165-2013; Garcia, Sonia /M-7460-2013; Garnatje, Teresa/L-3028-2014; Pellicer, Jaume/L-3048-2015 OI Garcia, Sonia /0000-0002-3143-0527; Pellicer, Jaume/0000-0001-7632-9775 NR 74 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 94 IS 3 BP 631 EP 649 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01001.x PG 19 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 314WW UT WOS:000256840900013 ER PT J AU Banowetz, GM Boateng, A Steiner, JJ Griffith, SM Sethi, V El-Nashaar, H AF Banowetz, Gary M. Boateng, Akwasi Steiner, Jeffrey J. Griffith, Stephen M. Sethi, Vijay El-Nashaar, Hossien TI Assessment of straw biomass feedstock resources in the Pacific Northwest SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE grass straw; wheat; biomass resources ID WESTERN OREGON; UNITED-STATES; CORN STOVER; WHEAT AB Straw that is produced as a coproduct of cereal gain and grass seed production on 24,000 km(2) in the Pacific Northwest states of Idaho (ID), Oregon (OR) and Washington (WA) has potential as a bioenergy feedstock. Previous attempts to develop approaches to convert straw to energy based on transporting straw to a conversion facility were uneconomical. Rising energy prices and the availability of new technologies have renewed interest in converting these lignocellulosic residues to energy products, especially liquid fuels [Perlack RD, Wright LL, Turhollow AF, Graham RL, Stokes BJ, Erbach DC. Biomass as feedstock for a bioenergy and bioproducts industry: the technical feasibility of a billion-ton annual supply, 2005. http://feedstockreview.ornl.gov/pdf/billion-ton-vision.pdf (website accessed December 2007). [1]], but information on the distribution of these resources is lacking. Development of an economic approach to convert this straw to energy will require an assessment of the regional distribution of available straw to identify an appropriate scale of conversion technology that optimally reduces straw collection and transportation costs. We utilized county-scale US Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Agricultural Statistical Service (NASS) data to quantify total grass seed and cereal straw production in each county of ID, OR and WA, subtracted the county-specific quantity of field residue for each crop, and developed an estimate of available straw, that remaining after sufficient straw is returned to the soil for conservation. At current straw yields, over 6.5 Mt of straw in excess of that required for conservation purposes are available in the region. This straw is distributed across the landscape at an average density of 2.4 Mg ha(-1) and in many locations will require small- or local-scale technology to enable economical conversion of the feedstock to energy. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Banowetz, Gary M.; Griffith, Stephen M.; El-Nashaar, Hossien] USDA ARS, Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Boateng, Akwasi] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Steiner, Jeffrey J.] USDA ARS, Natl Program Staff, GWCC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sethi, Vijay] Western Reg Res Inst, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. RP Banowetz, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prod Res Ctr, 3450 S W Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM banowetg@onid.orst.edu NR 29 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 32 IS 7 BP 629 EP 634 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.12.014 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 320JA UT WOS:000257228300007 ER PT J AU Lavigne, JA Takahashi, Y Chandramouli, GVR Liu, HT Perkins, SN Hursting, SD Wang, TTY AF Lavigne, Jackie A. Takahashi, Yoko Chandramouli, Gadisetti V. R. Liu, Huaitian Perkins, Susan N. Hursting, Stephen D. Wang, Thomas T. Y. TI Concentration-dependent effects of genistein on global gene expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells: an oligo microarray study SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE genistein; isoflavone; microarray; phytochemical; breast cancer ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; SOY ISOFLAVONE GENISTEIN; MOLECULAR-CLONING; INTERLEUKIN-1 FAMILY; DNA MICROARRAY; BCL-2 FAMILY; KAPPA-B; RECEPTOR; ESTROGEN; PROTEIN AB Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among US women; there is therefore great interest in developing preventive and treatment strategies for this disease. Because breast cancer incidence is much lower in countries where women consume high levels of soy, bioactive compounds in this food source have been studied for their effects on breast cancer. Genistein, found at high levels in soybeans and soy foods, is a controversial candidate breast cancer preventive phytochemical whose effects on breast cells are complex. To understand more clearly the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of genistein on breast cancer cells, we used a DNA oligo microarray approach to examine the global gene expression patterns in MCF-7 breast cancer cells at both physiologic (1 or 5 mu M) and pharmacologic (25 mu M) genistein concentrations. Microarray analyses were performed on MCF-7 cells after 48 h of either vehicle or 1, 5, or 25 mu M genistein treatment. We found that genistein altered the expression of genes belonging to a wide range of pathways, including estrogen- and p53-mediated pathways. At 1 and 5 mu M, genistein elicited an expression pattern suggestive of increased mitogenic activity, confirming the proliferative response to genistein observed in cultured MCF-7 cells, while at 25 mu M genistein effected a pattern that likely contributes to increased apoptosis, decreased proliferation and decreased total cell number, also consistent with cell culture results. These findings provide evidence for a molecular signature of genistein's effects in MCF-7 cells and lay the foundation for elucidating the mechanisms of genistein's biological impact in breast cancer cells. C1 [Lavigne, Jackie A.] NCI, Canc Prevent Div, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Takahashi, Yoko] Phytonutr Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Takahashi, Yoko] ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Liu, Huaitian] NCI, Ctr Bioinformat SAIC, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Perkins, Susan N.; Hursting, Stephen D.] Univ Texas Austin, Div Nutr Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Wang, Thomas T. Y.] Agr Res Serv, Phytonutr Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, TTY (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Phytonutr Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Bldg 307C,Room 132, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tom.wang@ars.usda.gov NR 85 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 110 IS 1 BP 85 EP 98 DI 10.1007/s10549-007-9705-6 PG 14 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 309OV UT WOS:000256471000008 PM 17687646 ER PT J AU Horsley, SB Bailey, SW Ristau, TE Long, RP Hallett, RA AF Horsley, Stephen B. Bailey, Scott W. Ristau, Todd E. Long, Robert P. Hallett, Richard A. TI Linking environmental gradients, species composition, and vegetation indicators of sugar maple health in the northeastern United States SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SYLVANIA RECREATION AREA; ALLEGHENY PLATEAU; NORTHERN HARDWOOD; CONIFER ECOSYSTEMS; UPPER-PENINSULA; LOWER MICHIGAN; CROWN VIGOR; FOREST; PLANT; MASSACHUSETTS AB Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) decline has occurred throughout its range over the past 50 years, although decline symptoms are minimal where nutritional thresholds of Ca, Mg, and Mn are met. Here, we show that availability of these elements also controls vascular plant species composition in northern hardwood stands and we identify indicator species of these nutrient thresholds. Presence and abundance of vascular plant species and data on 35 environmental variables were collected from 86 stands in New Hampshire and Vermont (NHVT) and Pennsylvania and New York (PANY). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination was used to determine which variables affected presence and abundance of species; both measures gave similar results. A base cation - acid cation nutrient gradient on axis one accounted for 71.9% (NHVT) and 63.0% (PANY) of the variation in the nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination. Measures of Ca, Mg, and pH formed the base end and At, Mn, K, soil acidity, and organic matter the acid end in both subregions, In both subregions, sugar maple foliar Mg and Ca had the strongest association with the base end of axis I exchangeable At in NHVT and foliar Mn in PANY were strongly associated with the acid end. McNemar's exact test and indicator species analysis were used to determine which species were present in stands that met the nutritional thresholds for Ca, Mg, and Mn foliar chemistry. McNemar's exact test identified 16 species in NHVT and PANY, 16 additional species in NHVT only, and 12 additional species in PANY only. Indicator species analysis identified a subset of these species with the highest frequency of occurrence, Indicator species could provide land managers with a diagnostic tool for determining where on the landscape sugar maple is "at risk" or likely to remain healthy in the face of stresses. C1 [Horsley, Stephen B.; Ristau, Todd E.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. [Bailey, Scott W.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, N Woodstock, NH 03262 USA. [Long, Robert P.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Hallett, Richard A.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Horsley, SB (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, POB 269, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. EM shorsley@fs.fed.us OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X NR 61 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1761 EP 1774 DI 10.1139/X08-023 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 322FC UT WOS:000257359600006 ER PT J AU Chen, JX Colombo, SJ Ter-Mikaelian, MT Heath, LS AF Chen, Jiaxin Colombo, Stephen J. Ter-Mikaelian, Michael T. Heath, Linda S. TI Future carbon storage in harvested wood products from Ontario's Crown forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LABORATORY-SCALE LANDFILLS; SOLID-WASTE COMPONENTS; LAND-USE CHANGE; FLUXES AB This analysis quantifies projected carbon (C) storage in harvested wood products (HWP) from Ontario's Crown forests. The large-scale forest C budget model, FORCARB-ON, was applied to estimate HWP C stock changes using the production approach defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Harvested wood volume was converted to C mass and allocated to four HWP end-use categories: in use, landfill, energy, and emission. The redistribution of C over time among HWP end-use categories was calculated using a product a-c-based C-distribution matrix. Carbon emissions for harvest, transport, and manufacturing, as well as emission reductions from the use of wood in place of other construction materials and fossil fuels were not accounted for. Considering the wood harvested from Ontario Crown forests from 1951 to 2000 and the projected harvest from 2001 to 2100, C storage in HWP in use and in landfills is projected to increase by 3.6 Mt.year(-1) during 2001-2100, with an additional 1.2 Mt.year(-1) burned for energy. Annual additions of C projected for HWP far outweighs the annual increase of C storage in Ontario's Crown forests managed for harvest, which is projected to increase by 0.1 Mt.year(-1) during the same period. These projections indicate that regulated harvest in Ontario results in a steadily increasing C sink in HWP and forests. Uncertainties in HWP C estimation are also discussed. C1 [Chen, Jiaxin; Colombo, Stephen J.; Ter-Mikaelian, Michael T.] Ontario Forest Res Inst, Minist Nat Resources, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Heath, Linda S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Chen, JX (reprint author), Ontario Forest Res Inst, Minist Nat Resources, 1235 Queen St E, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. EM jiaxin.chen@ontario.ca FU Government of Ontario [CC-013A, CC-141]; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources [CC-03/04-001, CC-04/05-022] FX This research was funded by the Government of Ontario Interministerial Climate Change Committee under projects CC-013A and CC-141 and by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources under Climate Change Projects CC-03/04-001 and CC-04/05-022. We acknowledge the long-term support and important input from Paul Gray, the climate change policy advisor of Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. We thank Michael Nichols for his assistance in developing FORCARB-ON and Abigail Obenchain and Lisa Buse for editing an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1947 EP 1958 DI 10.1139/X08-046 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 322FC UT WOS:000257359600022 ER PT J AU Ducey, MJ Williams, MS Gove, JH Valentine, HT AF Ducey, Mark J. Williams, Michael S. Gove, Jeffrey H. Valentine, Harry T. TI Simultaneous unbiased estimates of multiple downed wood attributes in perpendicular distance sampling SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DEBRIS; AREA AB Perpendicular distance sampling (PDS) is a fast probability-proportional-to-size method for inventory of downed wood. However, previous development of PDS had limited the method to estimating only one variable (such as volume per hectare, or surface area per hectare) at a time. Here, we develop a general design-unbiased estimator for PDS. We then show how that estimator can be used to develop simple measurement protocols that allow simultaneous, unbiased estimation of multiple downed wood variables, including logs per hectare, length of logs per hectare, surface area or area coverage per hectare, and volume per hectare. C1 [Ducey, Mark J.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Williams, Michael S.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Risk Assessment & Residue Div, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Gove, Jeffrey H.; Valentine, Harry T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Ducey, MJ (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM mjducey@cisunix.unh.edu RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 FU USDA Cooperative State Research; Education and Extension Service [2003-35101-13646] FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant 2003-35101-13646. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 38 IS 7 BP 2044 EP 2051 DI 10.1139/X08-019 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 322FC UT WOS:000257359600030 ER PT J AU Funnell-Harris, DL Pedersen, JF AF Funnell-Harris, Deanna L. Pedersen, Jeffrey F. TI Inoculation strategies to assess biological interactions between Fusarium and Alternaria species infecting sorghum SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE sorghum pathogens; Alternaria alternata; Fusarium equiseti; Fusarium solani; Fusarium thapsinum; Fusarium verticillioides; Sorghum bicolor; inoculation methods ID GRAIN-SORGHUM; GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; RESISTANCE; MOLD; MONILIFORME; LINES; GENES; GERMINATION; SENESCENCE; RESPONSES AB New cultivars of sorghum are being developed for increased food use, as livestock feed, and for the bioenergy industry by manipulation of secondary metabolic pathways through breeding. Previous work has suggested that such modifications may have an impact on cultivar response to fungal pathogens. We investigated four inoculation straetgies that may be used in studies involving pathogens of sorghum. Plants of elite sorghum genotypes 'Wheatland' and RTx430, commonly used in breeding programs, were inoculated with isolates of alternaria alternata, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium thapsinum, and Fusarium verticilloides recovered from field-grown sorghum. Wound inoculation of the peduncles of heads at anthesis demonstrated that isolates of F. verticillioides and F. thapsinum produced mean lesion lengths that were significantly greater than control inoculations. The length of this assay was decreased by inoculating fungi onto plants of a very early maturing sorghum line (N247). Spraying heads at anthesis with conidial suspensions over three consecutive days in the greenhouse was conducted to attempt to mimic conditions in the field. Results indicated that plants treated with conidia of F. thapsinum may develop mature grian with reduced germination. Seed and seedling inoculations produced responses over a relatively short time period. Seed inoculations were conducted in a manner similar to a corn bioassay. Seedling inoculations, conducted in Magenta vessels, allowed for measurement of effects of inoculum on roots, stalks, and leaves. Following inoculation of RTx430 and 'Wheatland' plants grown in Magenta vessels with F. thapsinum, nearly all measurements were significantly different from those of the water controls except for percent root infection of RTx430. C1 [Funnell-Harris, Deanna L.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pedersen, Jeffrey F.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Funnell-Harris, DL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, 314 Biochem Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Deanna.Funnell.Harris@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI OTTAWA PA MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2008 VL 30 IS 3 BP 404 EP 413 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 377LA UT WOS:000261251500003 ER PT J AU Sun, WX Jia, YJ O'Neill, NR Feng, BZ Zhang, XG AF Sun, W. X. Jia, Y. J. O'Neill, N. R. Feng, B. Zh. Zhang, X. G. TI Genetic diversity in Phytophthora capsici from eastern China SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE pepper disease; phytophthora blight; RAPD; pathotypes ID DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHIC AREAS; DNA POLYMORPHISMS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-GENETICS; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; CUCURBIT FIELDS; NORTH-CAROLINA; ROOT-ROT; PEPPER; VIRULENCE AB Phytophthora capsici is a pathogen of several economically important crops, including pepper (Capsicum annuum). The pathogen attacks the roots, leaves. sterns. and fruits of the plant. The variability among 37 strains of P capsici from individual fields in Shandong. Anhui, and Fujian provinces in eastern China and 17 strains of P. capsici from other Countries was assessed by determining Virulence, mating type. and genetic profile using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Five strains of Phytophthora nicotianae and two of Phytophthora infestans were also included in the RAPD analysis. No strains with mating type A2 were detected in P. capsici. Variation Was found in the virulence assays based on pathogenicity to a set of nine pepper cultivar differentials. where the strains from eastern China grouped into seven pathotypes. RAPD analysis of all 37 strains from eastern China using 12 primers resulted in 129 fragments, of which 74.4% were polymorphic, revealing the existence of different patterns among strains. Cluster analysis using, the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means separated the eastern China strains into two RAPD groups. and two non-Chinese strains clustered into group II. Among, P. capsici strains derived from eastern China, no correlation was found between groups identified by RAPD analysis and pathotype groups defined by virulence. Phytophthora capsici was 36% similar to P infestans and only 20% similar to P. nicotianae. C1 [Sun, W. X.; Jia, Y. J.; Feng, B. Zh.; Zhang, X. G.] Shandong Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Tainan 271018, Taiwan. [O'Neill, N. R.] USDA ARS, Syst Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhang, XG (reprint author), Shandong Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Tainan 271018, Taiwan. EM zhxg@sdau.edu.cn NR 55 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI OTTAWA PA MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2008 VL 30 IS 3 BP 414 EP 424 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 377LA UT WOS:000261251500004 ER PT J AU Wicklow, DT Poling, SM Summerbell, RC AF Wicklow, Donald T. Poling, Stephen M. Summerbell, Richard C. TI Occurrence of pyrrocidine and dihydroresorcylide production among Acremonium zeae populations from maize grown in different regions SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Acremonium zeae; blackened bundles; cerebroside; dihydroresorcylide; disease suppression; endophyte; maize; polyketide antibiotics; pyrrocidines; stress darnage; seedborne ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; CEPHALOSPORIUM-ACREMONIUM; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; PROTECTIVE ENDOPHYTE; DEFENSE RESPONSES; MAYS L; CORN; FUNGAL; SEED; INFECTION AB Acremonium zeae is recognized as a protective endophyte of maize (Zea mays). Thus, it is a potential confounding variable in maize variety trials for resistance to pathogenic microbes and their mycotoxins. This fungus grows systemically in maize and produces pyrrocidines A and B, polyketide - amino acid derived antibiotics exhibiting potent in vitro activity against major stalk- and ear-rot pathogens of maize. An evaluation of a number of A. zeae isolates accessioned by the USDA Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection (NRRL) and CBS Culture Collections from 1969 to 1992 revealed that pyrrocidines were produced by 5 of I I isolates from maize grown in regions sharing a milder temperate climate with cold winters (e.g., Illinois, Nebraska, and Germany) and by 10 of 12 isolates from maize grown in warmer regions (e.g., North Carolina and Georgia, USA; Iran; and India). Cultures of A. zeae representing 13 populations isolated from maize seeds harvested from different regions and years were grown Oil potato dextrose agar in Petri dishes. Excised portions of the developing colony and underlying agar were extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography - atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface - mass spectrometry. Among 52 isolates representing four A. zeae populations from regions associated with drought and temperature stress (e.g., Arizona, California, and Texas) 49 isolates (94%) produced pyrrocidine A in amounts ranging from I to 248 ng (mean 29 ng), and 51 isolates (98%) produced pyrrocidine B in amounts ranging from 2 to 440 ng (mean 137 ng). In contrast, among 102 isolates representing nine A. zeae Populations from the midwestern corn belt (e.g., Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, and Nebraska), only one isolate produced pyrrocidine A (280 ng) and pyrrocidine B (411 ng). During the population study, a new secondary metabolite of A. zeae, dihydroresorcylide, was discovered, and its distribution among the population is described. Clonal populations of A. zeae endophytes differing in their ability to produce pyrrocidines may be distributed with seed of maize cultivars grown in commercial plantings. C1 [Wicklow, Donald T.; Poling, Stephen M.] USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Summerbell, Richard C.] Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, Fungal Biodivers Ctr, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Summerbell, Richard C.] Sporometr Inc, Toronto, ON M6K 1Y9, Canada. RP Wicklow, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM donald.wicklow@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI OTTAWA PA MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2008 VL 30 IS 3 BP 425 EP 433 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 377LA UT WOS:000261251500005 ER PT J AU Jensen, KB Waldron, BL Robins, JG Monaco, TA Peel, MD AF Jensen, Kevin B. Waldron, Blair L. Robins, Joseph G. Monaco, Thomas A. Peel, Michael D. TI Breeding meadow bromegrass for forage characteristics under a line-source irrigation design SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heritability; irrigation rates; forage yield and quality; crude protein; neutral detergent fiber; in vitro true digestibility ID NUTRITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS; GENETIC-VARIATION; SOURCE SPRINKLER; CRUDE PROTEIN; YIELD; HERITABILITY; ORCHARDGRASS; SELECTION; GRADIENT; QUALITY AB Production from less productive lands limited by irrigation call be increased if genetically improved pasture grasses are developed with increased dry matter production (DMY) and nutritional quality. In 2000, 18 half-sib families of meadow bromegrass were seeded ill a modified strip-plot design with four replications and water levels (WL) applied as nonrandom strips ranging from 10.1 mm wk(-1) at WL-5 to 36.8 mm(-1) at WL-1. The objective was to estimate genetic variability and parameters as affected by irrigation level and harvest date for DMY, crude protein (CP), in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and digestible neutral detergent fiber (dNDF). Low h(2) estimates for DMY Suggest that gains in total DMY from selection within these half-sib families (HSF) are not likely. Crude protein concentrations were more influenced by harvest date than WL. Heritability estimates were relatively high regardless of WL or harvest date for IVTD. The effect of WL oil h(2) estimates for NDF were less defined, suggesting that gains might be achieved Faster if selection was done on forage harvested later in the growing season at less than optimum irrigation. Heritability estimates for dNDF were either small or associated with large standard errors. C1 [Jensen, Kevin B.; Waldron, Blair L.; Robins, Joseph G.; Monaco, Thomas A.; Peel, Michael D.] ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Jensen, KB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, 695 North 1100 East, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM kevin.jensen@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 EI 1918-1833 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 88 IS 4 BP 695 EP 703 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 352VA UT WOS:000259524300014 ER PT J AU Seiler, GJ AF Seiler, G. J. TI Root growth of interspecific sunflower seedlings derived from wild perennial sunflower species SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Helianthus species; growth pouch; primary roots; lateral roots; branching density; hypocotyl ID DWARF SUNFLOWER; GERMPLASM LINES; ELONGATION; REGISTRATION; TEMPERATURE; ENVIRONMENT; CULTIVARS; SYSTEMS; HEIGHT; PLAINS AB Early root and hypocotyl growth and root branching patterns were characterized for five genetically diverse interspecific sunflower hybrids derived from wild perennial Helianthus species and two Cultivated hybrids. Seedlings were grown in polyethylene pouches at 25 degrees C in the dark for 10 d. The hybrid and days after sowing (DAS) were Sources of variation for primary and lateral root length, number of lateral roots, root branching density, root fresh weight. and hypocotyl length and fresh weight. There were high positive correlations among root growth characteristics that should be helpful in selecting sunflower hybrids adapted to a conditions. The wild interspecific sunflower hybrids derived from wild perennial species possessed less-than-expected variability in early root growth. Nevertheless, there appears to be adequate genetic variability for further selection and genetic improvement. C1 ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Seiler, GJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 88 IS 4 BP 705 EP 712 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 352VA UT WOS:000259524300015 ER PT J AU Papado-poulos, YA Coulman, B Michaud, R Acharya, SN Bittman, S Viands, D Riday, H Boe, A Phillips, T Casler, MD Fillmore, SAE AF Papado-poulos, Yousef A. Coulman, Bruce Michaud, Real Acharya, Surva N. Bittman, Shabtai Viands, Don Riday, Heathcliffe Boe, Arvid Phillips, Tim Casler, Michael D. Fillmore, S. A. E. TI Forage breeding and new varieties SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE persistence; nutritive value; forage yield; bio-based products; nutraceutical; isoflavones C1 [Papado-poulos, Yousef A.] AFHRC, Truro, NS, Canada. [Coulman, Bruce] Saskatoon Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Michaud, Real] Soils & Crops Res & Dev Ctr, Ste Foy, PQ, Canada. [Acharya, Surva N.] Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB, Canada. [Bittman, Shabtai] Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, Agassiz, BC, Canada. [Viands, Don] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Boe, Arvid] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Phillips, Tim] Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Fillmore, S. A. E.] AFHRC, Kentville, NS, Canada. EM Papadopoulos@agr.gc.ca RI Riday, Heathcliffe/C-6091-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 88 IS 4 BP 732 EP 732 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 352VA UT WOS:000259524300041 ER PT J AU Hermann, JR Brockmeier, SL Yoon, KJ Zimmerman, JJ AF Hermann, Joseph R. Brockmeier, Susan L. Yoon, Kyoung-Jin Zimmerman, Jeffrey J. TI Detection of respiratory pathogens in air samples from acutely infected pigs SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID SWINE INFLUENZA-VIRUS; BORDETELLA-BRONCHISEPTICA; MYCOPLASMA-HYOPNEUMONIAE; ISOLATE PATHOGENICITY; PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS; TRANSMISSION; CORONAVIRUS; COINFECTION; COLLECTION; RECOVERY AB Pathogens causing significant respiratory disease in growing pigs include Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Porcine circovirus 2, swine influenza virus, porcine respiratory coronavirus, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and Bordetella bronchiseptica. The objective of this research was to characterize the respiratory excretion of these pathogens by acutely infected pigs. Pigs were inoculated under experimental conditions with I pathogen. Samples were collected from the upper respiratory tract and exhaled air. All pathogens were detected in swabs of the upper respiratory tract, but only M. hyopneumoniae and B. bronchiseptica were detected in expired air from individually sampled, acutely infected pigs. These findings suggest either that the acutely infected pigs did not aerosolize the viruses or that the quantity of virus excreted was below the detection threshold of current sampling or assay systems, or both, at the individual-pig level. C1 [Hermann, Joseph R.; Yoon, Kyoung-Jin; Zimmerman, Jeffrey J.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Brockmeier, Susan L.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Zimmerman, JJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jjzimm@iastate.edu NR 19 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 4 BP 367 EP 370 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 330WR UT WOS:000257974000011 PM 18783027 ER PT J AU D'Angelo, GJ Glasser, A Wendt, M Williams, GA Osborn, DA Gallagher, GR Warren, RJ Miller, KV Pardue, MT AF D'Angelo, G. J. Glasser, A. Wendt, M. Williams, G. A. Osborn, D. A. Gallagher, G. R. Warren, R. J. Miller, K. V. Pardue, M. T. TI Visual specialization of an herbivore prey species, the white-tailed deer SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; CAT RETINA; CONE; PHOTORECEPTORS; VISION; EYES AB To gain knowledge of visual specializations influencing the behavior of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)), we examined gross eye characteristics, structural organization of the retina, and the density and distribution of cone photoreceptors. White-tailed deer possess ocular features similar to other ungulates including a horizontal slit pupil, reflective tapetum lucidum, typical retinal structure, and medium wavelength sensitive cone photoreceptors concentrated in a horizontal visual streak. The tapetum was found to cover the superior portion of the eye and overlapped the horizontal visual streak. Comparisions between fawns and adults did not reveal any differences in retinal thickness, retinal nuclei counts, or cone photoreceptor counts. While M-cones had increased density in the visual streak. S-cones were distributed evenly across the entire retina. Schematic eye calculations of a 0.5-year-old deer indicated a hyperopic eye (+7.96) with aF/# ranging from 5.55 to 1.39 for pupil diameters of 3 to 12 mm. As expected for a crepuscularly active prey species. the visual system of white-tailed deer is specialized for sensitivity in low-light conditions and detection of predators. C1 [D'Angelo, G. J.; Osborn, D. A.; Warren, R. J.; Miller, K. V.] Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Glasser, A.; Wendt, M.] Univ Houston, Sch Optometry, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Williams, G. A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Neurosci Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Williams, G. A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Psychol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Gallagher, G. R.] Berry Coll, Dept Anim Sci, Mt Berry, GA 30149 USA. [Pardue, M. T.] Atlanta VA Med Ctr, Res Serv, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. [Pardue, M. T.] Emory Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RP D'Angelo, GJ (reprint author), USDA APHIS, Wildlife Serv, 3092 Sugan Rd, Solebury, PA 18963 USA. EM Gino.J.DAngelo@aphis.usda.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 22 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 86 IS 7 BP 735 EP 743 DI 10.1139/Z08-050 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 338JV UT WOS:000258504900016 ER PT J AU Friesen, TL Faris, JD Solomon, PS Oliver, RP AF Friesen, Timothy L. Faris, Justin D. Solomon, Peter S. Oliver, Richard P. TI Host-specific toxins: effectors of necrotrophic pathogenicity SO CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; STAGONOSPORA-NODORUM LEAF; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; SELECTIVE TOXIN; ALTERNARIA-ALTERNATA; WINTER-WHEAT; GLUME BLOTCH; TAN SPOT; VICTORIN SENSITIVITY AB Host-specific toxins (HSTs) are defined as pathogen effectors that induce toxicity and promote disease only in the host species and only in genotypes of that host expressing a specific and often dominant susceptibility gene. They are a feature of a small but well-studied group of fungal plant pathogens. Classical HST pathogens include species of Cochliobolus, Alternaria and Pyrenophora. Recent studies have shown that Stagonospora nodorum produces at least four separate HSTs that interact with four of the many quantitative resistance loci found in the host, wheat. Rationalization of fungal phylogenetics has placed these pathogens in the Pleosporales order of the class Dothideomycetes. It is possible that all HST pathogens lie in this order. Strong evidence of the recent lateral gene transfer of the ToxA gene from S. nodorum to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis has been obtained. Hallmarks of lateral gene transfer are present for all the studied HST genes although definitive proof is lacking. We therefore suggest that the Pleosporales pathogens may have a conserved propensity to acquire HST genes by lateral transfer. C1 [Solomon, Peter S.; Oliver, Richard P.] Murdoch Univ, Australian Ctr Necrotroph Fungal Pathogens, SABC, DHS, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Friesen, Timothy L.; Faris, Justin D.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Oliver, RP (reprint author), Murdoch Univ, Australian Ctr Necrotroph Fungal Pathogens, SABC, DHS, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. EM roliver@murdoch.edu.au RI Oliver, Richard/D-1166-2009; Solomon, Peter/C-9301-2009 OI Solomon, Peter/0000-0002-5130-7307 NR 61 TC 141 Z9 144 U1 2 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1462-5814 J9 CELL MICROBIOL JI Cell Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 10 IS 7 BP 1421 EP 1428 DI 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01153.x PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Microbiology SC Cell Biology; Microbiology GA 312QL UT WOS:000256685800003 PM 18384660 ER PT J AU Champagne, EI AF Champagne, Elaine I. TI Rice aroma and flavor: A literature review SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; PEPPERS CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; THAI FRAGRANT RICE; POPCORN-LIKE AROMA; FREE AMINO-ACIDS; COOKED RICE; MILLED RICE; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Descriptive sensory analysis has identified over a dozen different aromas and flavors in rice. Instrumental analyses have found over 200 volatile compounds present in rice. However, after over 30 years of research, little is known about the relationships between the numerous volatile compounds and aroma/flavor. A number of oxidation products have been tagged as likely causing stale flavor. However, the amounts of oxidation products, singly or collectively, that need to be present for rice to have stale or rancid flavor have not been established. Only one compound, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP; popcorn aroma) has been confirmed to contribute a characteristic aroma. Furthermore, 2-AP is the only volatile compound in which the relationship between its concentration in rice and sensory intensity has been established. This article discusses the challenges of measuring aroma and flavor instrumentally and by human sensory panels and reviews research examining the effects of genetic, preharvest, and postharvest factors oil volatile compound profiles and the aroma and flavor of cooked rice. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Champagne, EI (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM etchamp@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 99 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 46 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 85 IS 4 BP 447 EP 456 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-4-0445 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 327NB UT WOS:000257734700001 ER PT J AU Ganesan, V Muthukumarappan, K Rosentrater, KA AF Ganesan, V. Muthukumarappan, K. Rosentrater, K. A. TI Effect of moisture content and soluble level on the physical, chemical, and flow properties of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BULK PROPERTIES; WATER ACTIVITY; FOOD POWDERS AB Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is a bulk material that has been widely used as a protein source for ruminants and nonruminants for more than two decades. DDGS is the nonfermentable processing residue (i.e., protein, fiber, fat, and ash) from fuel ethanol manufacturing. With the exponential growth of the fuel ethanol industry in the past several years, significant quantities (approximate to 13.0 million tons in 2007) of distillers grains are now being produced. To effectively utilize these coproduct streams in the domestic market, DDGS must be transported greater distances and must be stored until final use. DDGS flow is often problematic as it can become restricted by caking and bridging that occur during shipping and storage. This flowability problem can present itself during dynamic and static flow conditions. This issue most likely results from physical or chemical interactions between particles (including particle size and shape), storage moisture, temperature, and relative humidity variations, as well as storage time. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of five moisture content levels (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% db) on the resulting physical and chemical properties of DDGS with four soluble levels (10, 15, 20, and 25% db). To produce these materials, condensed distillers solubles (CDS) were combined with DDG, and appropriate quantities of water were added to adjust moisture contents. Carr indices were used to quantify the flowability of the DDGS samples. The results showed that both soluble level and moisture content had noticeable effects on physical and flow properties (e.g., aerated bulk density, packed bulk density, and compressibility). According to dispersibility, flowability index, and floodability index, flowability generally declined significantly (P < 0.05) with an increase in moisture content for most of the soluble levels under consideration. The color values and protein content of the DDGS were significantly affected (P < 0.05) as soluble level increased as well. C1 [Rosentrater, K. A.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD USA. [Ganesan, V.; Muthukumarappan, K.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD USA. EM kurt.rosentrater@ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 85 IS 4 BP 466 EP 472 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-4-0464 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 327NB UT WOS:000257734700003 ER PT J AU Wu, X Zhao, R Liu, L Bean, S Seib, PA McLaren, J Madl, R Tuinstra, M Lenz, M Wang, D AF Wu, X. Zhao, R. Liu, L. Bean, S. Seib, P. A. McLaren, J. Madl, R. Tuinstra, M. Lenz, M. Wang, D. TI Effects of growing location and irrigation on attributes and ethanol yields of selected grain sorghums SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WHEAT-VARIETIES; COOKED SORGHUM; PROTEIN; DIGESTIBILITY AB Nine sorghum cultivars (five inbred lines and four hybrids) were grown in 2006 in three locations (Mount Hope, KS, Halstead, KS, and Plainview, TX) Linder different irrigation conditions and were evaluated for composition and ethanol fermentation efficiency. The objective was to study, in one growing season, the effects of genotype, growing location, and irrigation on the physical and chemical properties and fermentation efficiencies of grain sorghum. Genotype had a significant effect on chemical composition, physical properties, and ethanol yield. The cultivars showed a large variation in starch (61.0-74.8%), protein (7.56-16.35%), crude fat (2.794.77%), crude fiber (0.58-2.57%), ash (1.25-2.26%), kernel weight (20.0-35.9 mg), kernel hardness (49.6-97.5), and kernel size (1.9-2.7 mm) and were the most important factors affecting ethanol fermentation efficiency (87.5-93.9%). Starch and protein contents were significantly affected by growing location but not by irrigation. Environment had a significant effect on ethanol yields. Unexpectedly, irrigation somewhat reduced fermentation efficiency. C1 [Wu, X.; Zhao, R.; Liu, L.; Wang, D.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bean, S.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Seib, P. A.; Madl, R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [McLaren, J.] StrathKirn Inc, Chesterfield, MO USA. [Tuinstra, M.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Lenz, M.; Wang, D.] Monsanto Co, Mt Hope, KS 67108 USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM dwang@ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 85 IS 4 BP 497 EP 503 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-85-4-0495 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 327NB UT WOS:000257734700007 ER PT J AU Tukfatullina, II Tilyabaev, KZ Mamadrakhimov, A Salakhutdinov, BA Kamaev, FG Yuldashev, AM Dowd, MK Talipov, SA Ibragimov, BT Aripov, TF AF Tukfatullina, I. I. Tilyabaev, K. Z. Mamadrakhimov, A. Salakhutdinov, B. A. Kamaev, F. G. Yuldashev, A. M. Dowd, M. K. Talipov, S. A. Ibragimov, B. T. Aripov, T. F. TI Membrane-active properties and antiradical activity of gossypol and its derivatives SO CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE gossypol and its derivatives; antiradical activity; bilayer lipid membrane; membrane activity; DSC AB A novel asymmetric gossypol derivative was synthesized. The antioxidant activity of gossypol and certain of its derivatives at the aldehyde groups and the interaction of these compounds with model membranes were studied. It was shown that the antiradical and membrane activities of the gossypol derivatives were determined by the structure of the substituent and that gossypol and its derivatives were partially localized in the lipid bilayer and possibly induced formation of a new interdigitating phase. C1 [Tukfatullina, I. I.; Tilyabaev, K. Z.; Mamadrakhimov, A.; Salakhutdinov, B. A.; Kamaev, F. G.; Yuldashev, A. M.; Talipov, S. A.; Ibragimov, B. T.; Aripov, T. F.] Uzbek Acad Sci, AS Sadykov Bioorgan Chem Inst, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan. [Dowd, M. K.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Tukfatullina, II (reprint author), Uzbek Acad Sci, AS Sadykov Bioorgan Chem Inst, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan. EM ckrystal@uzsci.net OI Ibragimov, Bakhtiyar/0000-0002-9700-6227 FU P181 [STSU/ARS USDA] FX The research was performed with financial support of Project P181 of the foundation STSU/ARS USDA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0009-3130 J9 CHEM NAT COMPD+ JI Chem. Nat. Compd. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 BP 440 EP 445 DI 10.1007/s10600-008-9087-y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 371RZ UT WOS:000260850300008 ER PT J AU Garrod, MG Green, R Allen, LH Mungas, DM Jagust, WJ Haan, MN Miller, JW AF Garrod, Marjorie. G. Green, Ralph Allen, Lindsay H. Mungas, Dan M. Jagust, William J. Haan, Mary N. Miller, Joshua W. TI Fraction of total plasma vitamin B12 bound to transcobalamin correlates with cognitive function in elderly Latinos with depressive symptoms SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SACRAMENTO AREA LATINO; COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; HOLO-TRANSCOBALAMIN; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; VASCULAR DEMENTIA; ALZHEIMER-DISEASE; OLDER LATINOS; FOLIC-ACID; HOMOCYSTEINE; SERUM AB BACKGROUND: The fraction of total plasma vitamin B-12 bound to transcobalamin (holoTC/B12 ratio) may reflect tissue levels of the vitamin, but its clinical relevance is unclear. METHODS: We assessed associations between cognitive function and total B12, holoTC, and holoTC/B12 ratio in a cohort of elderly Latinos (n = 1089, age 60-101 years). We assessed cognitive function using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE) and a delayed recall test; we diagnosed clinical cognitive impairment by neuropsychological. and clinical exam with expert adjudication; and we assessed depressive symptoms using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). We measured total B12 and holoTC using radioassays. RESULTS: HoloTC/B12 ratio was directly associated with 3MSE score (P = 0.026) but not delayed recall score. Interactions between holoTC/B12 and CES-D score were observed for 3MSE (P = 0.026) and delayed recall scores (P = 0.013) such that associations between the ratio and cognitive function scores were confined to individuals with CES-D >= 16. For individuals with CES-D >= 16, the odds ratio for clinical cognitive impairment for the lowest holoTC/B12 tertile was 3.6 (95% CI 1.2-11.2) compared with the highest tertile (P = 0.03). We observed no associations between cognitive function and total B12 or holoTC alone, except between holoTC and 3MSE score (P = 0.021), and no interactions between holoTC or total B 12, and CES-D score on cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS: HoloTC/B12 ratio is associated with cognitive function in elderly Latinos with depressive symptoms and may better reflect the adequacy of B12 for nervous system function than either holoTC or total B12 alone. (C) 2008 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 [Garrod, Marjorie. G.; Green, Ralph; Miller, Joshua W.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Med Pathol & Lab Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Garrod, Marjorie. G.; Allen, Lindsay H.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Mungas, Dan M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Neurol, Sch Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Jagust, William J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jagust, William J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Helen Wills Neurosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Haan, Mary N.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Miller, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Med Pathol, Res 3,Room 3200A,4645 Second Ave, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM jwmiller@ucdavis.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG10220, P30 AG010129, R01 AG012975-11, AG12975, R01 AG010220, R03 AG033751, R01 AG012975, P30 AG010129-18, AG10129]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK060753, DK60753] NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 EI 1530-8561 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 54 IS 7 BP 1210 EP 1217 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2007.102632 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 321CH UT WOS:000257281400018 PM 18451312 ER EF