FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU McRoberts, RE Tomppo, EO Finley, AO Heikkinen, J AF McRoberts, Ronald E. Tomppo, Erkki O. Finley, Andrew O. Heikkinen, Juha TI Estimating areal means and variances of forest attributes using the k-Nearest Neighbors technique and satellite imagery SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE landsat; probability-based inference; model-based inference; variance estimator ID LANDSAT TM IMAGERY; THEMATIC MAPPER; INVENTORY DATA; TIMBER VOLUME; PREDICTION; IMPUTATION; INFERENCE; VARIABLES; ACCURACY; ERROR AB The k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) technique has become extremely popular for a variety of forest inventory mapping and estimation applications. Much of this popularity may be attributed to the non-parametric, multivariate features of the technique, its intuitiveness, and its ease of use. When used with satellite imagery and forest inventory plot data, the technique has been shown to produce useful estimates of many forest attributes including forest/non-forest, volume, and basal area. However, variance estimators for quantifying the uncertainty of means or sums of k-NN pixel-level predictions for areas of interest (AOI) consisting of multiple pixels have not been reported. The primary objectives of the study were to derive variance estimators for AOI estimates obtained from k-NN predictions and to compare precision estimates resulting from different approaches to k-NN prediction and different interpretations of those predictions. The approaches were illustrated by estimating proportion forest area, tree volume per unit area, tree basal area per unit area, and tree density per unit area for 10-km AOIs. Estimates obtained using k-NN approaches and traditional inventory approaches were compared and found to be similar. Further, variance estimates based on different interpretations of k-NN predictions were similar. The results facilitate small area estimation and simultaneous and consistent mapping and estimation of multiple forest attributes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. Finnish Forest Res Inst, Helsinki, Finland. Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP McRoberts, RE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. EM mcroberts@fs.fed.us NR 44 TC 98 Z9 103 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 28 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 4 BP 466 EP 480 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.04.002 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 233OD UT WOS:000251099300005 ER PT J AU Campbell, J Donato, DC Azuma, D Law, B AF Campbell, John Donato, Dan C. Azuma, David Law, Beverly TI Pyrogenic carbon emission from a large wildfire in Oregon, United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BURNED BIOMASS; FOREST-FIRES; LANDSAT TM; STORAGE; FLUXES; CONSUMPTION; CLIMATE; FUELS AB [1] We used a ground-based approach to compute the pyrogenic carbon emissions from the Biscuit Fire, an exceptionally large wildfire, which in 2002 burned over 200,000 ha of mixed conifer forest in southwestern Oregon. A combination of federal inventory data and supplementary ground measurements afforded the estimation of preburn densities for 25 separate carbon pools at 180 independent locations in the burn area. Average combustion factors for each of these pools were then compiled from the postburn assessment of thousands of individual trees, shrubs, and parcels of surface and ground fuel. Combustion factors were highest for litter, duff, and foliage, lowest for live woody pools. Combustion factors also increased with burn severity as independently assessed from remote imagery, endorsing the use of such imagery in scaling emissions to fire area. We estimate the total pyrogenic carbon emissions from the Biscuit Fire to be between 3.5 and 4.4 Tg C (17 and 22 Mg C ha(-1)) depending on uncertainty in our ability to estimate preburn litter pools and mineral soil combustion with a central estimate of 3.8 Tg C (19 Mg C ha(-1)). We estimate that this flux is approximately 16 times the annual net ecosystem production of this landscape prior to the wildfire and may have reduced mean net biome production across the state of Oregon by nearly half in the year 2002. C1 [Campbell, John; Donato, Dan C.; Law, Beverly] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Azuma, David] US Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, Portland, OR USA. RP Campbell, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. OI Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 NR 43 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD DEC 27 PY 2007 VL 112 IS G4 AR G04014 DI 10.1029/2007JG000451 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 246NP UT WOS:000252014000004 ER PT J AU Lee, ST Cook, D Panter, KE Gardner, DR Ralphs, MH Motteram, ES Pfister, JA Gay, CC AF Lee, Stephen T. Cook, Daniel Panter, Kip E. Gardner, Dale R. Ralphs, Michael H. Motteram, Ernie S. Pfister, James A. Gay, Clive C. TI Lupine induced "Crooked Calf Disease" in Washington and Oregon: Identification of the alkaloid profiles in Lupinus sulfureus, Lupinus leucophyllus, and Lupinus sericeus SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lupine; anagyrine; crooked calf disease; Lupinus leucophyllus; Lupinus sulfureus ID QUINOLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; ARGENTEUS; FORMOSUS AB Several lupines (Lupinus spp.) present on western U.S. rangelands contain alkaloids that are teratogenic to livestock and cause congenital birth defects in calves (crooked calf disease). Periodically, large losses of calves due to lupine-induced "crooked calf disease" occur in northern Oregon and eastern Washington state. Five lupine populations from this area representing three species (L. leucophyllus, L. sulfureus, and L. sericeus) were evaluated taxonomically and by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry, and the major alkaloids in each lupine species were identified. The teratogenic alkaloid anagyrine was present in both of the lupine species responsible for the high outbreaks in east-central Washington and northeastern Oregon. However, the alkaloid profiles of the two lupines identified as L. leucophyllus were dissimilar, as were the alkaloid profiles of the two lupines identified as L. sulfureus. Botanical classification is not sufficient to determine potential teratogenicity, and it must be followed by chemical characterization to determine risk to livestock. C1 [Lee, Stephen T.; Cook, Daniel; Panter, Kip E.; Gardner, Dale R.; Ralphs, Michael H.; Pfister, James A.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Motteram, Ernie S.; Gay, Clive C.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Field Dis Invest Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Lee, ST (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM stephen.lee@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 26 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 26 BP 10649 EP 10655 DI 10.1021/jf0723110 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 243BB UT WOS:000251768800020 PM 18038992 ER PT J AU Cantrell, CL Duke, SO Fronczek, FR Osbrink, WLA Mamonov, LK Vassilyev, JI Wedge, DE Dayan, FE AF Cantrell, Charles L. Duke, Stephen O. Fronczek, Frank R. Osbrink, Weste L. A. Mamonov, Leonid K. Vassilyev, Juriy I. Wedge, David E. Dayan, Franck E. TI Phytotoxic eremophilanes from Ligularia macrophylla SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE eremophilane; terpenoid; sesquiterpene; fatty acid; phytotoxicity; antifungal; herbicidal; Ligularia macrophylla; Formosan subterranean termite ID OCCURRING TERPENE DERIVATIVES; BIOAUTOGRAPHY; ANTIFUNGAL; ISOPTERA; GROWTH; ACID AB Systematic bioassay-guided fractionation of the methylene chloride extract of the,roots from Ligularia macrophylla was performed to identify both phytotoxic and antifungal compounds. Four phytotoxic eremophilanes (furanoeremophilan-14 beta,6 alpha-olide, 6 beta-angeloyloxy- 10 beta-hydroxyfuranoeremophilane, eremophil-7(11)-ene-12,8 alpha;14 beta,6 alpha-diolide, and 3 alpha-angeloyloxybakkenolide A) and two antifungal fatty acids (linoleic acid and a-linolenic acid) were isolated. The X-ray crystal structure determination of 6 beta-angeloyloxy-10 beta-hydroxyfuranoeremophilane is reported here for the first time. All four eremophilanes substantially inhibited growth of the monocot Agrostis stolonifera (bentgrass) while demonstrating little activity against the dicot Lactuca sativa (lettuce) at 1000 mu M. In a dose-response screening of all compounds for growth inhibitory activity against Lemna paucicostata, 6 beta-angeloyloxy 10 beta-hydroxyfuranoeremophilane was the most active with an IC50 of 2.94 +/- 0.16 PM. This compound also caused the greatest reduction of photosynthetic electron flow; however, its mode of action remains to be determined. Evaluation of isolated compounds for activity against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, is also reported. At a concentration of 0.5% (wt/wt), 6 beta-angeloyloxy- 10 beta-hydroxyfuranoeremophilane significantly reduced the consumption of filter paper by C. formosanus. C1 [Cantrell, Charles L.; Duke, Stephen O.; Wedge, David E.; Dayan, Franck E.] Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Fronczek, Frank R.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Osbrink, Weste L. A.] USDA ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Mamonov, Leonid K.; Vassilyev, Juriy I.] Inst Plant Biol & Biotechnol, Alma Ata 05040, Kazakhstan. RP Cantrell, CL (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM cicantr1@olemiss.edu RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 26 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 26 BP 10656 EP 10663 DI 10.1021/jf072548w PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 243BB UT WOS:000251768800021 PM 18044832 ER PT J AU Lumor, SE Jones, KC Ashby, R Strahan, GD Kim, BH Lee, GC Shaw, JF Kays, SE Chang, SW Foglia, TA Akoh, CC AF Lumor, Stephen E. Jones, Kerby C. Ashby, Rick Strahan, Gary D. Kim, Byung Hee Lee, Guan-Chiun Shaw, Jei-Fu Kays, Sandra E. Chang, Shu-Wei Foglia, Thomas A. Akoh, Casimir C. TI Synthesis and characterization of canola oil-stearic acid-based trans-free structured lipids for possible margarine application SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Candida rugosa lipase isoform 1; canola oil; interesterification; lipozyme RM IM; response surface methodology; sodium methoxide; stearic acid ID PACKED-BED REACTOR; LIPASE-CATALYZED INCORPORATION; FATTY-ACIDS; SERUM CHOLESTEROL; POSITIONAL DISTRIBUTION; VEGETABLE-OILS; PALM OIL; INTERESTERIFICATION; OPTIMIZATION; ACIDOLYSIS AB Incorporation of stearic acid into canola oil to produce trans-free structured lipid (SL) as a healthy alternative to partially hydrogenated fats for margarine formulation was investigated. Response surface methodology was used to study the effects of lipozyme RM IM from Rhizomucor miehei and Candida rugosa lipase isoform 1 (LIP1) and two acyl donors, stearic acid and ethyl stearate, on the incorporation. Lipozyme RM IM and ethyl stearate gave the best result. Gram quantities of SLs were synthesized using lipozyme RM IM, and the products were compared to SL made by chemical catalysis and fat from commercial margarines. After short-path distillation, the products were characterized by GC and RPHPLC-MS to obtain fatty acid and triacylglycerol profiles, C-13 NMR spectrometry for regiospecific analysis, X-ray diffraction for crystal forms, and DSC for melting profile. Stearic acid was incorporated into canola oil, mainly at the sn-1,3 positions, for the lipase reaction, and no new trans fatty acids formed. Most SL products did not have adequate solid fat content or beta' crystal forms for tub margarine, although these may be suitable for light margarine formulation. C1 [Lumor, Stephen E.; Kim, Byung Hee; Akoh, Casimir C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jones, Kerby C.; Ashby, Rick; Strahan, Gary D.; Foglia, Thomas A.] USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Lee, Guan-Chiun] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Life Sci, Taipei 116, Taiwan. [Shaw, Jei-Fu] Acad Sinica, Inst Plant & Microbial Biol, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Shaw, Jei-Fu] Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Food Sci & Biotechnol, Taichung 402, Taiwan. [Kays, Sandra E.] USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Chang, Shu-Wei] Chung Chou Univ Technol, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Changhua 503, Taiwan. RP Akoh, CC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM cakoh@uga.edu RI Akoh, Casimir/F-6460-2011 OI Akoh, Casimir/0000-0002-2323-9298 NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 26 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 26 BP 10692 EP 10702 DI 10.1021/jf0710175 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 243BB UT WOS:000251768800026 PM 18052237 ER PT J AU Lagalante, AF Montgomery, ME Calvosa, FC Mirzabeigi, MN AF Lagalante, Anthony F. Montgomery, Michael E. Calvosa, Frank C. Mirzabeigi, Michael N. TI Characterization of terpenoid volatiles from cultivars of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Adelges tsugae; cultivars; GC-MS; hemlock; hemlock woolly adelgid; solid-phase microextraction; terpenoids; Tsuga canadensis ID NORTH-AMERICA; OLEA-EUROPAEA; ADELGIDAE; ORIGIN; FIR AB The volatile terpenoid fraction from needles in 13 cultivars of Tsuga canadensis L. (Carriere) was analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of this study are considered along with previously reported results for foliar terpenoid levels of the Asian (T. sieboldii, T. chinensis, T. diversifolia), western North American (T. mertensiana, T. heterophylla), and eastern North American species (T. canadensis, T. caroliniana) of hemlock to draw conclusions about the potential of cultivar host resistance to the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand). It is suggested that hemlocks in eastern North America have adapted their terpenoid chemistry for protection against endemic defoliators and that this has made them vulnerable to non-native, sucking pests such as adelgids and scales. Some cultivars of T. canadensis have a terpenoid profile that resembles that of the resistant noneastern North American species and are candidates for biological screening for resistance. Among the cultivars, the variation in terpenoid chemistry did not absolutely correspond with the considerable differences in morphological characters observed, indicating that the terpenoid chemistry is not definitively coupled with hemlock morphology. C1 [Lagalante, Anthony F.; Calvosa, Frank C.; Mirzabeigi, Michael N.] Villanova Univ, Dept Chem, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Montgomery, Michael E.] USDA, No Res Stn, Forest Serv, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Lagalante, AF (reprint author), Villanova Univ, Dept Chem, Mendel Hall,800 Lancaster Ave, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. EM anthony.lagalante@villanova.edu NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 26 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 26 BP 10850 EP 10856 DI 10.1021/jf071947o PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 243BB UT WOS:000251768800046 PM 18052093 ER PT J AU Hamblin, MT Warburton, ML Buckler, ES AF Hamblin, Martha T. Warburton, Marilyn L. Buckler, Edward S. TI Empirical Comparison of Simple Sequence Repeats and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Assessment of Maize Diversity and Relatedness SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB While Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) are extremely useful genetic markers, recent advances in technology have produced a shift toward use of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The different mutational properties of these two classes of markers result in differences in heterozygosities and allele frequencies that may have implications for their use in assessing relatedness and evaluation of genetic diversity. We compared analyses based on 89 SSRs (primarily dinucleotide repeats) to analyses based on 847 SNPs in individuals from the same 259 inbred maize lines, which had been chosen to represent the diversity available among current and historic lines used in breeding. The SSRs performed better at clustering germplasm into populations than did a set of 847 SNPs or 554 SNP haplotypes, and SSRs provided more resolution in measuring genetic distance based on allele-sharing. Except for closely related pairs of individuals, measures of distance based on SSRs were only weakly correlated with measures of distance based on SNPs. Our results suggest that 1) large numbers of SNP loci will be required to replace highly polymorphic SSRs in studies of diversity and relatedness and 2) relatedness among highly-diverged maize lines is difficult to measure accurately regardless of the marker system. C1 [Hamblin, Martha T.; Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Warburton, Marilyn L.] Ctr Int Mejoramiento Maiz y Trigo, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Buckler, Edward S.] USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Hamblin, MT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mth3@cornell.edu OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X FU NSF [DBI 0321467]; USDA-ARS; Institute for Genomic Diversity FX Funding: NSF DBI 0321467, USDA-ARS, Institute for Genomic Diversity. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 37 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 26 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 12 AR e1367 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0001367 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10JG UT WOS:000207459700024 PM 18159250 ER PT J AU Miller, WG Parker, CT Rubenfield, M Mendz, GL Wosten, MMSM Ussery, DW Stolz, JF Binnewies, TT Hallin, PF Wang, GL Malek, JA Rogosin, A Stanker, LH Mandrell, RE AF Miller, William G. Parker, Craig T. Rubenfield, Marc Mendz, George L. Woesten, Marc M. S. M. Ussery, David W. Stolz, John F. Binnewies, Tim T. Hallin, Peter F. Wang, Guilin Malek, Joel A. Rogosin, Andrea Stanker, Larry H. Mandrell, Robert E. TI The Complete Genome Sequence and Analysis of the Epsilonproteobacterium Arcobacter butzleri SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID QUINOHEMOPROTEIN AMINE DEHYDROGENASE; BACTERIUM RHODOSPIRILLUM-RUBRUM; LITHOTROPHIC SULFUR OXIDATION; PATHOGEN HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SP-NOV; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; RHODOVULUM-SULFIDOPHILUM; PARACOCCUS-DENITRIFICANS AB Background. Arcobacter butzleri is a member of the epsilon subdivision of the Proteobacteria and a close taxonomic relative of established pathogens, such as Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori. Here we present the complete genome sequence of the human clinical isolate, A. butzleri strain RM4018. Methodology/Principal Findings. Arcobacter butzleri is a member of the Campylobacteraceae, but the majority of its proteome is most similar to those of Sulfuromonas denitrificans and Wolinella succinogenes, both members of the Helicobacteraceae, and those of the deep-sea vent Epsilonproteobacteria Sulfurovum and Nitratiruptor. In addition, many of the genes and pathways described here, e.g. those involved in signal transduction and sulfur metabolism, have been identified previously within the epsilon subdivision only in S. denitrificans, W. succinogenes, Sulfurovum, and/or Nitratiruptor, or are unique to the subdivision. In addition, the analyses indicated also that a substantial proportion of the A. butzleri genome is devoted to growth and survival under diverse environmental conditions, with a large number of respiration-associated proteins, signal transduction and chemotaxis proteins and proteins involved in DNA repair and adaptation. To investigate the genomic diversity of A. butzleri strains, we constructed an A. butzleri DNA microarray comprising 2238 genes from strain RM4018. Comparative genomic indexing analysis of 12 additional A. butzleri strains identified both the core genes of A. butzleri and intraspecies hypervariable regions, where <70% of the genes were present in at least two strains. Conclusion/Significance. The presence of pathways and loci associated often with non-host-associated organisms, as well as genes associated with virulence, suggests that A. butzleri is a free-living, water-borne organism that might be classified rightfully as an emerging pathogen. The genome sequence and analyses presented in this study are an important first step in understanding the physiology and genetics of this organism, which constitutes a bridge between the environment and mammalian hosts. C1 [Miller, William G.; Parker, Craig T.; Wang, Guilin; Mandrell, Robert E.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA USA. [Rubenfield, Marc; Malek, Joel A.; Rogosin, Andrea] Agencourt Biosci Corp, Beverly, MA USA. [Mendz, George L.] Univ Notre Dame Australia, Broadway, NSW, Australia. [Mendz, George L.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Woesten, Marc M. S. M.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Infect Dis & Immunol, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Ussery, David W.; Binnewies, Tim T.; Hallin, Peter F.] Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Biol Sequence, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Stolz, John F.] Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. [Stanker, Larry H.] ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA USA. RP Miller, WG (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA USA. EM bmiller@pw.usda.gov OI Ussery, David/0000-0003-3632-5512; Wosten, Marc/0000-0002-7464-7232 FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, CRIS [5325-42000-230-043, 5325-42000-230-045] FX Funding: This work was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, CRIS projects 5325-42000-230-043 and 5325-42000-230-045. NR 146 TC 80 Z9 307 U1 0 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 26 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 12 AR e1358 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0001358 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10JG UT WOS:000207459700015 PM 18159241 ER PT J AU Ma, W Vincent, AL Gramer, MR Brockwell, CB Lager, KM Janke, BH Gauger, PC Patnayak, DP Webby, RJ Richt, JA AF Ma, Wenjun Vincent, Amy L. Gramer, Marie R. Brockwell, Christy B. Lager, Kelly M. Janke, Bruce H. Gauger, Phillip C. Patnayak, Devi P. Webby, Richard J. Richt, Juergen A. TI Identification of H2N3 influenza A viruses from swine in the United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE avian; reassortant; interspecies transmission ID CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY; NORTH-AMERICA; TRANSMISSION; PIGS; BINDING; HEMAGGLUTININ; SPECIFICITY; PERSISTENCE; RECEPTORS; EVOLUTION AB Although viruses of each of the 16 influenza A HA subtypes are potential human pathogens, only viruses of the H1, H2, and H3 subtype are known to have been successfully established in humans. 142 influenza viruses have been absent from human circulation since 1968, and as such they pose a substantial human pandemic risk. In this report, we isolate and characterize genetically similar avian/swine virus reassortant H2N3 influenza A viruses isolated from diseased swine from two farms in the United States. These viruses contained leucine at position 226 of the 142 protein, which has been associated with increased binding affinity to the mammalian alpha 2,6Gal-linked sialic acid virus receptor. Correspondingly, the H2N3 viruses were able to cause disease in experimentally infected swine and mice without prior adaptation. In addition, the swine H2N3 virus was infectious and highly transmissible in swine and ferrets. Taken together, these findings suggest that the H2N3 virus has undergone some adaptation to the mammalian host and that their spread should be very closely monitored. C1 [Ma, Wenjun; Vincent, Amy L.; Lager, Kelly M.; Gauger, Phillip C.; Richt, Juergen A.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Ma, Wenjun; Janke, Bruce H.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Product Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gramer, Marie R.; Patnayak, Devi P.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Vet Diagnost Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Brockwell, Christy B.; Webby, Richard J.] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Memphis, TN 38018 USA. [Brockwell, Christy B.] Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Intedisciplinary Program, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. RP Richt, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM juergen.richt@ars.usda.gov FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [U01 CI000357, U01 CI000357-01]; NIAID NIH HHS [HHSN266200700005C]; PHS HHS [HHSN266200700005C] NR 37 TC 124 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 26 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 52 BP 20949 EP 20954 DI 10.1073/pnas.0710286104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 247KJ UT WOS:000252077400060 PM 18093945 ER PT J AU Wondzell, SM Gooseff, MN McGlynn, BL AF Wondzell, Steven M. Gooseff, Michael N. McGlynn, Brian L. TI Flow velocity and the hydrologic behavior of streams during baseflow SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; TRANSIENT STORAGE; RUNOFF; WATER; GENERATION; RETENTION; PATTERNS; EXCHANGE; CYCLES AB Diel variations in stream discharge have long been recognized, but are relatively little studied. Here we demonstrate that these diel fluctuations can be used to investigate both streamflow generation and network routing. We treat evapo-transpiration (ET) as a distributed impulse function in an advection model and analyze the effect of ET on diel fluctuations in discharge. We show that when flow velocity is high during high baseflow, discharge fluctuations tend to be in phase and constructive interference reinforces ET-generated signals resulting in strong diel fluctuations measured at a gauging station at the mouth of the watershed. As flow velocity slows with baseflow recession, ET-generated signals are increasingly out of phase so that fluctuations in discharge are masked by destructive interference. These results demonstrate that naturally produced fluctuations in discharge constitute discrete impulse functions that can be used to analyze eco-hydrologic behavior of whole-watersheds during baseflow periods. C1 [Wondzell, Steven M.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Gooseff, Michael N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. [McGlynn, Brian L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Wondzell, SM (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM swondzell@fs.fed.us; mgooseff@engr.psu.edu; bmcglynn@montana.edu RI Gooseff, Michael/B-9273-2008; McGlynn, Brian/A-2509-2008; Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015 OI McGlynn, Brian/0000-0001-5266-4894; Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 25 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 24 AR L24404 DI 10.1029/2007GL031256 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 246NC UT WOS:000252012700004 ER PT J AU O'Rourke, JA Charlson, DV Gonzalez, DO Vodkin, LO Graham, MA Cianzio, SR Grusak, MA Shoemaker, RC AF O'Rourke, Jamie A. Charlson, Dirk V. Gonzalez, Delkin O. Vodkin, Lila O. Graham, Michelle A. Cianzio, Silvia R. Grusak, Michael A. Shoemaker, Randy C. TI Microarray analysis of iron deficiency chlorosis in near-isogenic soybean lines SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE-EXPRESSION; METAL TRANSPORTER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ABIOTIC STRESS; ETHYLENE; RESPONSES; TRANSCRIPTION; PLANTS; ROOTS AB Background: Iron is one of fourteen mineral elements required for proper plant growth and development of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). Soybeans grown on calcareous soils, which are prevalent in the upper Midwest of the United States, often exhibit symptoms indicative of iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC). Yield loss has a positive linear correlation with increasing severity of chlorotic symptoms. As soybean is an important agronomic crop, it is essential to understand the genetics and physiology of traits affecting plant yield. Soybean cultivars vary greatly in their ability to respond successfully to iron deficiency stress. Microarray analyses permit the identification of genes and physiological processes involved in soybean's response to iron stress. Results: RNA isolated from the roots of two near isogenic lines, which differ in iron efficiency, PI 548533 (Clark; iron efficient) and PI 547430 (IsoClark; iron inefficient), were compared on a spotted microarray slide containing 9,728 cDNAs from root specific EST libraries. A comparison of RNA transcripts isolated from plants grown under iron limiting hydroponic conditions for two weeks revealed 43 genes as differentially expressed. A single linkage clustering analysis of these 43 genes showed 57% of them possessed high sequence similarity to known stress induced genes. A control experiment comparing plants grown under adequate iron hydroponic conditions showed no differences in gene expression between the two near isogenic lines. Expression levels of a subset of the differentially expressed genes were also compared by real time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). The RT-PCR experiments confirmed differential expression between the iron efficient and iron inefficient plants for 9 of 10 randomly chosen genes examined. To gain further insight into the iron physiological status of the plants, the root iron reductase activity was measured in both iron efficient and inefficient genotypes for plants grown under iron sufficient and iron limited conditions. Iron inefficient plants failed to respond to decreased iron availability with increased activity of Fe reductase. Conclusion: These experiments have identified genes involved in the soybean iron deficiency chlorosis response under iron deficient conditions. Single linkage cluster analysis suggests iron limited soybeans mount a general stress response as well as a specialized iron deficiency stress response. Root membrane bound reductase capacity is often correlated with iron efficiency. Under iron-limited conditions, the iron efficient plant had high root bound membrane reductase capacity while the iron inefficient plants reductase levels remained low, further limiting iron uptake through the root. Many of the genes up-regulated in the iron inefficient NIL are involved in known stress induced pathways. The most striking response of the iron inefficient genotype to iron deficiency stress was the induction of a profusion of signaling and regulatory genes, presumably in an attempt to establish and maintain cellular homeostasis. Genes were up-regulated that point toward an increased transport of molecules through membranes. Genes associated with reactive oxidative species and an ROS-defensive enzyme were also induced. The up-regulation of genes involved in DNA repair and RNA stability reflect the inhospitable cellular environment resulting from iron deficiency stress. Other genes were induced that are involved in protein and lipid catabolism; perhaps as an effort to maintain carbon flow and scavenge energy. The under-expression of a key glycolitic gene may result in the iron-inefficient genotype being energetically challenged to maintain a stable cellular environment. These experiments have identified candidate genes and processes for further experimentation to increase our understanding of soybeans' response to iron deficiency stress. C1 [Graham, Michelle A.; Shoemaker, Randy C.] Iowa State Univ, Corn Insect & Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Grusak, Michael A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Gonzalez, Delkin O.; Vodkin, Lila O.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Graham, Michelle A.; Cianzio, Silvia R.; Shoemaker, Randy C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Charlson, Dirk V.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [O'Rourke, Jamie A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cellular Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Shoemaker, RC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Corn Insect & Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM utehawk@iastate.edu; charlsond@gmail.com; dogonzal@uiuc.edu; l-vodkin@uiuc.edu; magraham@iastate.edu; scianzio@iastate.edu; mgrusak@bcm.tmc.edu; rcsshoe@iastate.edu NR 65 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 22 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 476 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-8-476 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 266WE UT WOS:000253467400002 PM 18154662 ER PT J AU Wu, G Ortiz-Flores, G Ortiz-Lopez, A Ort, DR AF Wu, Guosheng Ortiz-Flores, Guadalupe Ortiz-Lopez, Adriana Ort, Donald R. TI A point mutation in atpC1 raises the redox potential of the Arabidopsis chloroplast ATP synthase gamma-subunit regulatory disulfide above the range of thioredoxin modulation SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COUPLING FACTOR-I; ENERGY-DEPENDENT CHANGES; SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS; THIOL MODULATION; FACTOR REDUCTION; ACTIVATION; CONFORMATION; ENZYMES; LEAVES; PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION AB The light-dependent regulation of chloroplast ATP synthase activity depends on an intricate but ill defined interplay between the proton electrochemical potential across the thylakoid membrane and thioredoxin-mediated redox modulation of a cysteine bridge located on the ATP synthase gamma-subunit. The abnormal light-dependent regulation of the chloroplast ATP synthase in the Arabidopsis thaliana cfq (coupling factor quick recovery) mutant was caused by a point mutation (G to A) in the atpC1 gene, which caused an amino acid substitution (E244K) in the vicinity of the redox modulation domain in the gamma-subunit of ATP synthase. Equilibrium redox titration revealed that this mutation made the regulatory sulfhydryl group energetically much more difficult to reduce relative to the wild type (i.e. raised the E-m,E-7.9 by 39 mV). Enzymatic studies using isolated chloroplasts showed significantly lower light-induced ATPase and ATP synthase activity in the mutant compared with the wild type. The lower ATP synthesis capacity in turn restricted overall rates of leaf photosynthesis in the cfq mutant under low light. This work provides in situ validation of the concept that thioredoxin-dependent reduction of the gamma-subunit regulatory disulfide modulates the proton electrochemical potential energy requirement for activation of the chloroplast ATP synthase and that the activation state of the ATP synthase can limit leaf level photosynthesis. C1 [Wu, Guosheng; Ortiz-Flores, Guadalupe; Ortiz-Lopez, Adriana; Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Inst Genom Biol 1406, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ortiz-Lopez, Adriana; Ort, Donald R.] USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ort, DR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Inst Genom Biol 1406, 1206 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM d-ort@uiuc.edu NR 40 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 51 BP 36782 EP 36789 DI 10.1074/jbc.M707007200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 241GX UT WOS:000251646000002 PM 17959606 ER PT J AU Huang, L Yu, YY Kirschke, CP Gertz, ER Lloyd, KKC AF Huang, Liping Yu, Yan Yiu Kirschke, Catherine P. Gertz, Erik R. Lloyd, Kent K. C. TI Znt7 (Slc30a7)-deficient mice display reduced body zinc status and body fat accumulation SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LETHAL MILK; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; GOLGI-APPARATUS; DIETARY ZINC; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASES; CONFERS RESISTANCE; SYNAPTIC VESICLES; MOUSE DEVELOPMENT; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; LIV-1 SUBFAMILY AB In vitro studies have demonstrated that ZNT7 is involved in transporting the cytoplasmic zinc into the Golgi apparatus of the cell for zinc storage or to be incorporated into newly synthesized zinc-requiring enzymes/proteins. To evaluate the physiological role of ZNT7, we created a mouse model of Znt7 deficiency by a gene-trap approach. Znt7-deficient mice were zinc-deficient based on their low zinc content in serum, liver, bone, kidney, and small intestine. In embryonic fibroblasts isolated from Znt7-deficient mice, cellular zinc was similar to 50% that of wild-type controls. Znt7-deficient mice also displayed some classic manifestations of dietary zinc deficiency, such as reduced food intake and poor body weight gain. However, the mutant mice did not show any sign of hair abnormality and dermatitis that are commonly associated with dietary zinc deficiency. A radioactive feeding study suggested that Znt7-deficient mice had reduced zinc absorption in the gut resulting in decreased zinc accumulations in other organs in the body. The poor growth found in Znt7-deficient mice could not be corrected by feeding the mutant mice with a diet containing 6-fold higher zinc (180 mg/kg) than the suggested adequate intake amount (30 mg/kg). Furthermore, the reduced body weight gain of the mutant mice was largely due to the decrease in body fat accumulation. We conclude that ZNT7 has essential functions in dietary zinc absorption and in regulation of body adiposity. C1 [Huang, Liping; Yu, Yan Yiu; Kirschke, Catherine P.; Gertz, Erik R.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Huang, Liping; Yu, Yan Yiu] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lloyd, Kent K. C.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Comparat Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Huang, Liping] Univ Calif Davis, Rowe Program Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM liping.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 282 IS 51 BP 37053 EP 37063 DI 10.1074/jbc.M706631200 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 241GX UT WOS:000251646000032 PM 17954933 ER PT J AU Tabanca, N Demirci, F Demirci, B Wedge, DE Baser, KHC AF Tabanca, Nurhayat Demirci, Fatih Demirci, Betuel Wedge, David E. Baser, K. Huesnue Can TI Composition, enantiomeric distribution, and antimicrobial activity of Tanacetum argenteum subsp flabellifolium essential oil SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Tanacetum argenteum subsp.flabellifolium; Asteraceae; enantiomeric distribution; GC-MS; MDGC-MS; antimicrobial activity ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; SESQUITERPENE LACTONES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; VULGARE L.; PARTHENIUM; EXTRACTION; CANUM AB Tanacetum argenteum (Lam.) Willd. subsp.flabellifolium, (Boiss. & Heldr.) Grierson of Asteraceae is an endemic species in Turkey. Hydrodistillation of aerial parts using a Clevenger apparatus yielded an essential oil, which was subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). alpha-Pinene (29%), (E)-sesquilavandulol (16%), and camphor (14%) were found as main constituents. Enantiomeric distribution of the monoterpenes a-pinene and camphor was determined on a fused silica Lipodex E capillary column using a multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (MDGC-MS) system, (-)-alpha-pinene (86%), (+)-a-pinene (14%), and (-)-camphor (100%) enantiomeric distributions were found in the oil. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity of the oil was carried out using a micro-dilution assay against human pathogenic bacteria and the yeast Candida albicans resulting in moderate inhibitory concentrations (MIC = 125 mu g/mL). (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tabanca, Nurhayat; Wedge, David E.] Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. [Demirci, Fatih; Demirci, Betuel; Baser, K. Huesnue Can] Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. RP Tabanca, N (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. EM ntabanca@olemiss.edu RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008; Demirci, Fatih /A-8295-2008; OI Demirci, Fatih /0000-0003-1497-3017; Baser, Kemal Husnu Can/0000-0003-2710-0231 NR 42 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0731-7085 J9 J PHARMACEUT BIOMED JI J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. PD DEC 21 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 714 EP 719 DI 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.08.006 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 246NI UT WOS:000252013300003 PM 17884324 ER PT J AU Kovalev, VA Hao, WM Wold, C AF Kovalev, Vladimir A. Hao, Wei Min Wold, Cyle TI Determination of the particulate extinction-coefficient profile and the column-integrated lidar ratios using the backscatter-coefficient and optical-depth profiles SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SLOPE-METHOD AB A new method is considered that can be used for inverting data obtained from a combined elastic-inelastic lidar or a high spectral resolution lidar operating in a one-directional mode, or an elastic lidar operating in a multiangle mode. The particulate extinction coefficient is retrieved from the simultaneously measured profiles of the particulate backscatter coefficient and the particulate optical depth. The stepwise profile of the column-integrated lidar ratio is found that provides best matching of the initial (inverted) profile of the optical depth to that obtained by the inversion of the backscatter-coefficient profile. The retrieval of the extinction coefficient is made without using numerical differentiation. The method reduces the level of random noise in the retrieved extinction coefficient to the level of noise in the inverted backscatter coefficient. Examples of simulated and experimental data are presented. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 [Kovalev, Vladimir A.; Hao, Wei Min; Wold, Cyle] USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Hao, WM (reprint author), USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Forest Serv, 5775 Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM whao@fs.fed.us NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 36 BP 8627 EP 8634 DI 10.1364/AO.46.008627 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 253JP UT WOS:000252514800010 PM 18091973 ER PT J AU Mahajan, D Ro, K AF Mahajan, Devinder Ro, Kyoung TI Preface: A special issue on "Clean Fuels from Biomass and Wastes" SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Mahajan, Devinder] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Mahajan, Devinder] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ro, Kyoung] USDA ARS, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Mahajan, D (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC 19 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 26 BP 8827 EP 8827 DI 10.1021/ie078011p PG 1 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 240JE UT WOS:000251583100001 ER PT J AU Ro, KS Cantrell, K Elliott, D Hunt, PG AF Ro, Kyoung S. Cantrell, Keri Elliott, Douglas Hunt, Patrick G. TI Catalytic wet gasification of municipal and animal wastes SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTS; POULTRY LITTER; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; EMISSIONS; CARBON; MANURE AB Currently there is worldwide interest in deriving energy from bio-based materials via gasification. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of wet gasification for treatment/energy conversion of both animal and municipal wastes. Wet wastes such as swine manure and raw sewage sludge could be processed directly via current wet gasification technology. Furthermore, these wastes generated high amounts of net energy based on reaction material and energy balances. Without use of an efficient heat recovery system, municipal solid wastes and unpaved feedlot manure would not generate positive energy return from wet gasification. Due to high sulfur content of the wastes, pretreatment to prevent the poisoning of catalysts is essential. The costs of a conceptual first generation wet gasification manure management system for a model swine farm were significantly higher than that of the anaerobic lagoon system. However, there are many significant environmental advantages of the wet gasification, e.g., BOD removal, odor elimination, and pathogen kill. C1 [Ro, Kyoung S.; Cantrell, Keri; Hunt, Patrick G.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Elliott, Douglas] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ro, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM kyoung@florence.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC 19 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 26 BP 8839 EP 8845 DI 10.1021/ie061403w PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 240JE UT WOS:000251583100004 ER PT J AU Boateng, AA AF Boateng, A. A. TI Characterization and thermal conversion of charcoal derived from fluidized-bed fast pyrolysis oil production of switchgrass SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CARBON SEQUESTRATION; GASIFICATION; REACTIVITY; CHARS AB The charcoal coproduct associated with pyrolysis oil (bio-oil) production can add economic value to the process operation if it can be successfully employed as an activated biochar for soil amendment applications or can be used as a combustion fuel to power the pyrolysis process or as a gasifier feedstock. Although proposed, none of these have been extensively studied. In this submission, the surfaces and interfaces of the charcoal produced from making pyrolysis oil from switchgrass in a fluidized bed were characterized to establish its usefulness as an adsorbent material. Its reactivity in air and in CO2 were also determined to establish its potential as combustion fuel or gasification feedstock. It was found that the surface areas were low, typically 7.7 and 7.9 m(2)/g, 2 orders of magnitude of the areas encountered in activated charcoal. Compounding this was high surface crystallinity of the structure as measured by X-ray diffraction, thereby suggesting poor characteristics as a sorption agent without further activation. However, this does not preclude its use for other soil applications including carbon storage and as a nutrient delivery substrate. Upon further pyrolysis in helium, the charcoal yielded equal amounts of CO and CO2, exhibiting reaction kinetics similar to that of coal pyrolysis. Furthermore, reactivity in CO2 and in air atmosphere resulted in activation energies of 8 411 and 11487 J/mol, respectively. It appears that the charcoal could be better used as combustion fuel or gasification feedstock than as an activated charcoal applied for metal sorption for the fact that the latter application will require higher surface and interfacial areas than measured. C1 [Boateng, A. A.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Boateng, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM akwasi.boateng@ars.ursda.gov NR 14 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC 19 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 26 BP 8857 EP 8862 DI 10.1021/ie0710541 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 240JE UT WOS:000251583100007 ER PT J AU Dietenberger, MA Anderson, M AF Dietenberger, Mark A. Anderson, Mark TI Vision of the US biofuel future: A case for hydrogen-enriched biomass gasification SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLUIDIZED-BED REACTOR; STEAM GASIFICATION; PYROLYSIS; SYNGAS; FUEL; WOOD; GAS AB Researchers at the Forest Product Laboratory (FPL) and the University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW) envision a future for biofuels based on biomass gasification with hydrogen enrichment. Synergisms between hydrogen production and biomass gasification technologies will be necessary to avoid being marginalized in the biofuel marketplace. Five feasible engineering solutions have been suggested for this synergism. We are researching one solution to investigate cleaner and more-efficient wood gasification via high-temperature liquid metal as a carrier fluid and making use of hydrogen, power, and waste heat from future nuclear reactors. The enrichment of syngas with nuclear, windmill, or solar hydrogen permits full conversion of all carbon from biomass to produce competitive synthetic gasoline, diesel, or other liquid hydrocarbon or alcohol fuels. C1 [Dietenberger, Mark A.] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Anderson, Mark] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Dietenberger, MA (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, One Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM mdietenberger@fs.fed.us NR 25 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC 19 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 26 BP 8863 EP 8874 DI 10.1021/ie071158w PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 240JE UT WOS:000251583100008 ER PT J AU Cantrell, K Ro, K Mahajan, D Anjom, M Hunt, PG AF Cantrell, Keri Ro, Kyoung Mahajan, Devinder Anjom, Mouzhgun Hunt, Patrick G. TI Role of thermochemical conversion in livestock waste-to-energy treatments: Obstacles and opportunities SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTS; CATALYTIC STEAM GASIFICATION; FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; POULTRY LITTER; SWINE MANURE; BIOMASS GASIFICATION; SUPERCRITICAL WATER; FLUIDIZED-BED AB Integrating thermochemical conversion (TCC) technologies with current animal waste treatment practices can treat and reduce quantities of manure from consolidated animal feeding operations. Additionally, TCC technologies can produce value-added, renewable energy products. These products can meet heating and power needs or be catalytically converted into liquid fuels. The primary objectives of this study were to assess opportunities and obstacles in the treatment and energy conversion using currently available TCC processes. Both dry and wet livestock manures were assessed. Dry wastes like poultry litter and feedlot manures can be processed directly via pyrolysis and air/steam gasification technology. The solids in the aqueous waste streams from dairy and swine operations can undergo wet gasification or direct liquefaction processes. Alternatively, these solids can be separated and dried before conversion. Due to high ash and sulfur contents, pretreatment of manure is necessary to prevent catalyst poisoning and promote effective unit operation. While the energy input requirements for a conceptual wet gasification manure treatment system of a model swine farm is larger than a traditional anaerobic digestion operation, there are many significant advantages in implementing TCC technology including the following: compact design; faster treatment times; reduction of odors, BOD, and pharmaceutically activated compounds; and elimination of sludge. C1 [Cantrell, Keri; Ro, Kyoung; Hunt, Patrick G.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soils Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Mahajan, Devinder] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Anjom, Mouzhgun; Hunt, Patrick G.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Cantrell, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soils Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM cantrell@ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 54 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC 19 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 26 BP 8918 EP 8927 DI 10.1021/ie0616895 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 240JE UT WOS:000251583100014 ER PT J AU Pilon, J Loiacono, C Okeson, D Lund, S Vercauteren, K Rhyan, J Miller, L AF Pilon, John Loiacono, Christina Okeson, Danelle Lund, Sharon Vercauteren, Kurt Rhyan, Jack Miller, Lowell TI Anti-prion activity generated by a novel vaccine formulation SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE prion; chronic wasting disease (CWD); transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE); scrapie; vaccine ID PROLONGS SURVIVAL; MULE DEER; PROTEIN; DISEASE; MICE; IMMUNIZATION; TRANSMISSION; INHIBITION; PEPTIDES AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) of domestic and wild cervids in North America. To address possible prevention regimens for CWD, we have used a mouse model system and the Rocky Mountain Laboratory (RML) mouse-adapted scrapie prion strain to screen efficacy of potential vaccine candidates. Three peptides derived from the primary amino acid sequence of the prion protein were conjugated to blue carrier protein (BCP) and formulated in an adjuvant containing M. avium subsp. avium. CL57/BL6 mice were vaccinated and boosted with 50 mu g of the carrier protein-peptide conjugate formulation; all vaccines produced a humoral immune response as measured by ELISA. Disease challenge with the RML scrapie prion strain revealed anti-prion activity was generated by the vaccine formulations as measured by a delay in clinical disease onset and prolonged survivorship. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pilon, John; Okeson, Danelle; Vercauteren, Kurt; Miller, Lowell] USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Loiacono, Christina; Lund, Sharon] USDA APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Rhyan, Jack] USDA APHIS VS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Pilon, J (reprint author), USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM john.l.pilon@aphis.usda.gov NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PD DEC 18 PY 2007 VL 429 IS 2-3 BP 161 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.10.015 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 244MI UT WOS:000251869600018 PM 18023980 ER PT J AU Provencher, L Forbis, TA Frid, L Medlyn, G AF Provencher, Louis Forbis, Tara A. Frid, Leonardo Medlyn, Gary TI Comparing alternative management strategies of fire, grazing, and weed control using spatial modeling SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Bureau of Land Management; Great Basin; state-and-transition models; ecological thresholds; TELSA; VDDT ID CURLLEAF MOUNTAIN-MAHOGANY; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; LAND MANAGEMENT; SAGE-GROUSE; CONSERVATION; RESTORATION; COMMUNITIES; SHEEP; EXPLOITATION; RANGELANDS AB Modeling can be used to resolve controversies generated by differing opinions about the effects of livestock grazing, fire management, and herbicide application on western public lands. We used spatial simulations of 10 potential vegetation types to compare 6 management scenarios over 20 years in a 141,853 ha landscape in eastern Nevada. Scenarios were compared by incrementally varying one factor at a time and were based on the Bureau of Land Management's (BLM's) potential restoration plans. The following factors were varied: managed fire, livestock grazing, mechanical and chemical treatment of vegetation, and restoration budgets. After 20 years the differences in vegetative composition between scenarios were small. BLM's level of funding was too low to improve ecological condition because the landscape was too degraded, however, current funding could maintain communities that retained native perennial understories. in general, the effects of livestock grazing were minor and undesirable compared to benefits gained from the use of mechanical and chemical methods followed by seeding. Mechanical methods and herbicide application in addition to current fire management had more desirable effects than without fire management. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Provencher, Louis; Forbis, Tara A.] Nature Conservancy, Reno, NV 89509 USA. [Forbis, Tara A.] USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Frid, Leonardo] ESSA Technol, Vancouver, BC V6J 5C6, Canada. [Medlyn, Gary] Ely Field Off, Bur Land Management, Ely, NV 89301 USA. RP Provencher, L (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 1 E 1st St,Suite 1007, Reno, NV 89509 USA. EM lprovencher@tnc.org NR 62 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 16 PY 2007 VL 209 IS 2-4 BP 249 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.06.030 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 241AM UT WOS:000251629300014 ER PT J AU Sun, XY Mwamburi, DM Bungay, K Prasad, J Yee, J Lin, YM Liu, TC Summergrad, P Folstein, M Qiu, WQ AF Sun, Xiaoyan Mwamburi, D. Mkaya Bungay, Kathleen Prasad, Jasmin Yee, Jacqueline Lin, Yu-Min Liu, Timothy C. Summergrad, Paul Folstein, Marshal Qiu, Wei Qiao TI Depression, antidepressants, and plasma amyloid beta (Beta) peptides in those elderly who do not have cardiovascular disease SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer's disease (AD); amyloid-beta peptide42 (A beta 42); antidepressants; depression ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MAJOR DEPRESSION; COGNITIVE DECLINE; GERIATRIC DEPRESSION; HIPPOCAMPAL VOLUME; MEMORY DEFICITS; A-BETA; RISK; SYMPTOMS; DEMENTIA AB Background: Low plasma amyloid-beta peptide 42 (A beta 42) is associated with depressive symptoms independently of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the elderly. It is critical to investigate whether antidepressants modify this relationship. Methods: We evaluated 324 elders without CVD in a cross-sectional study. Depression was evaluated with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Antidepressants were documented. Plasma A beta 40 and A beta 42 were measured. Results: In the absence of CVD, those with depression had lower plasma A beta 42 (median: 13.7 vs. 18.8 pg/mL, p =.003) than those without. Depressed subjects on antidepressant treatment had a lower concentration of plasma A beta 40 (median: 97.8 vs. 133.5 pg/mL,p =.008), but not A beta 42, than those without the treatment. Multivariate logistic regression showed that antidepressant use did not influence the relationship between depression and low plasma A beta 42 (odds ratio =.55; 95% Cl =.33,.90;p =.02) after adjusting for confounders, but its use interacted with plasma A beta 40 in the model. Conclusions: Lower concentration of plasma A beta 42 is associated with depression in the absence of CVD that is not related to the antidepressant use by those subjects. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether depression associated with low plasma A beta 42 predicts the onset of Alzheimer's disease. C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. RP Qiu, WQ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 1007,750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM wqiu@tufts-nemc.org RI Bungay, Kathleen/F-2002-2013; OI Qiu, Wendy/0000-0002-2082-2410 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00054]; NIA NIH HHS [AG-022476, AG-21790] NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 62 IS 12 BP 1413 EP 1417 DI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.01.003 PG 5 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 239CQ UT WOS:000251496400012 PM 17544381 ER PT J AU Havstad, KM Peters, DPC Skaggs, R Brown, J Bestelmeyer, B Fredrickson, E Herrick, J Wright, J AF Havstad, Kris M. Peters, Debra P. C. Skaggs, Rhonda Brown, Joel Bestelmeyer, Brandon Fredrickson, Ed Herrick, Jeffrey Wright, Jack TI Ecological services to and from rangelands of the United States SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE provisioning services; carbon sequestration; biodiversity; conservation incentives; ecological remediation; natural ecosystems ID LAND-USE; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; SYSTEMS; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; HETEROGENEITY; CONSEQUENCES AB The over 300 million ha of public and private rangelands in the United States are characterized by low and variable precipitation, nutrient-poor soils, and high spatial and temporal variability in plant production. This land type has provided a variety of goods and services, with the provisioning of food and fiber dominating through much of the 20th century. More recently, food production from a rangeland-based livestock industry is often pressured for a variety of reasons, including poor economic returns, increased regulations, an aging rural population, and increasingly diverse interests of land owners. A shift to other provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting services is occurring with important implications for carbon sequestration, biodiversity, and conservation incentives. There are numerous goods and services possible from rangelands that can supply societal demands such as clean water and a safe food supply. The use of ecologically-based principles of land management remains at the core of the ability of private land owners and public land managers to provide these existing and emerging services. We suggest that expectations need to be based on a thorough understanding of the diverse potentials of these lands and their inherent limits. A critical provisioning service to rangelands will be management practices that either maintain ecological functions or that restore functions to systems that have been substantially degraded over past decades. With proper incentives and economic benefits, rangelands, in the U.S. or globally, can be expected to provide these historical and more unique goods and services in a sustainable fashion, albeit in different proportions than in the past. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Havstad, Kris M.; Peters, Debra P. C.; Bestelmeyer, Brandon; Fredrickson, Ed; Herrick, Jeffrey] USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM USA. [Skaggs, Rhonda] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agr Business, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Brown, Joel] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Las Cruces, NM USA. [Wright, Jack] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Geog, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Havstad, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM USA. EM khavstad@nmsu.edu NR 70 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 6 U2 68 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 64 IS 2 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.08.005 PG 8 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 249XT UT WOS:000252264600004 ER PT J AU Perry, RW Thill, RE Carter, SA AF Perry, Roger W. Thill, Ronald E. Carter, S. Andrew TI Sex-specific roost selection by adult red bats in a diverse forested landscape SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arkansas; bats; habitat selection; interior highlands; Lasiurus borealis; Ouachita Mountains; roost selection; roosting; timber harvest ID LASIURUS-BOREALIS; SITE SELECTION; PIPISTRELLUS-PIPISTRELLUS; HABITAT USE; MISSISSIPPI AB The eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis) is a common, widespread species that occurs throughout eastern North America; however, information on potential differences in roost selection between sexes is limited. We studied summer diurnal roosting of adult red bats in a diverse forested landscape to: (1) characterize roosts of adult males and females, (2) determine habitat relationships for both sexes, and (3) compare roost selection between the sexes. We radiotracked 21 male and 20 female red bats to 142 roost locations and quantified roost characteristics. Both sexes roosted mostly in overstory hardwoods (82% of male and 81 % of female roosts), but males occasionally (8% of roosts) roosted in sapling (<5 cm diameter at breast height; dbh) whereas females did not. Females roosted at greater heights than males but, mean diameter and height of roost trees >= 5 cm dbh did not differ between sexes; roosts trees used by both sexes were greater in diameter and height than random trees. We found no difference between sexes in tree species used for roosting; both sexes preferred to roost in white oaks (Quercus alba) and hickories (Carya spp.) but avoided Pines (Pinus spp.). Sex-specific habitat models created using an information-theoretic approach indicated males were more likely to roosts at sites with more midstory (5-10 cm dbh) and small overstory (10-25 cm dbh) hardwoods, taller hardwoods, shorter pines, and further from the nearest tree than random. Females were more likely to roost at sites with more midstory hardwoods, fewer small overstory pines (10-25 cm dbh), and fewer understory (<5 cm dbh) woody stems than random. Comparisons of mean habitat parameters surrounding roost sites indicated only distance to nearest tree differed (P < 0.05) between sexes; females roosted further from the nearest tree than males. Ninety-five percent of male roosts and 92% of female roosts were in stands dominated by mature (>= 50 years old) trees, and 45% of male roosts and 40% of female roosts were in stands that had been partially harvested 1-5 years earlier but retained mature overstory hardwoods. Retaining minimum basal areas of 1.1-2.3 m(2) /ha of overstory hardwoods and retaining unharvested buffers along stream drains in harvested areas would likely provide adequate roosting habitat for both sexes of red bats in managed landscapes during summer. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Perry, Roger W.; Carter, S. Andrew] USDA, Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. [Thill, Ronald E.] USDA, Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, PO Box 1270, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. EM rperry03@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 253 IS 1-3 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.07.007 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 242XU UT WOS:000251760300006 ER PT J AU Westfall, JA Woodall, CW AF Westfall, J. A. Woodall, C. W. TI Measurement repeatability of a large-scale inventory of forest fuels SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fuels inventory; data quality; measurement bias; down woody material; forest fire; forest biomass AB An efficient and accurate inventory of forest fuels at large scales is critical for assessment of forest fire hazards across landscapes. The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the USDA Forest Service conducts a national inventory of fuels along with blind remeasurement of a portion of inventory plots to monitor and improve data quality. The goal of this study was to evaluate the measurement repeatability/biases of FIA's national inventory of fuels and suggest opportunities for improving data quality and application of sampling protocols. Results indicated that more than half of the attributes did not attain the desired levels of repeatability and about one-third exhibited a non-zero measurement bias. However, the bias generally had little affect on plot-level estimates. A number of factors that contributed to these results were examined and a holistic approach that considers all aspects of inventory was suggested to improve measurement repeatability. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Westfall, J. A.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Woodall, C. W.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Westfall, JA (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 11 Campus Blvd,Newton Square, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM jameswestfall@fs.fed.us RI Woodall, Christopher/D-7757-2012; OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214 NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 253 IS 1-3 BP 171 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.07.014 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 242XU UT WOS:000251760300019 ER PT J AU Lei, Y Wu, Q ClemonS, CM Yao, F Xu, Y AF Lei, Yong Wu, Qinglin Clemons, Craig M. Yao, Fei Xu, Yanjun TI Influence of nanoclay on properties of HDPE/Wood composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE clay; composites; polyethylene; crystallization; wood ID DENSITY-POLYETHYLENE COMPOSITES; LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NATURAL-FIBER; POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES; COMPATIBILIZER SYSTEM; POLYMER COMPOSITES; BARRIER PROPERTIES; FLOUR COMPOSITES; CLAY HYBRIDS AB Composites based on high density polyethylene (HDPE), pine flour, and organic clay were made by melt compounding and then injection molding. The influence of clay on crystallization behavior, mechanical properties, water absorption, and thermal stability of HDPE/pine composites was investigated. The HDPE/pine composites containing exfoliated clay were made by a two-step melt compounding procedure with the aid of a maleated polyethylene (MAPE). The use of 29% clay decreased the crystallization temperature (T-c), crystallization rate, and the crystallinity level of the HDPE/pine composites, but did not change the crystalline thickness. When 2% MAPE was added, the crystallization rate increased, but the crystallinity level was further lowered. The flexural and tensile strength of HDPE/pine composites increased about 20 and 24%, respectively, with addition of 1% clay, but then decreased slightly as the clay content increased to 3%. The tensile modulus and tensile elongation were also increased with the addition of 1% clay. The impact strength was lowered about 7% by 1% clay, but did not decrease further as more clay was added. The MAPE improved the state of dispersion in the composites. Moisture content and thickness swelling of the HDPE/pine composites was reduced by the clay, but the clay did not improve the composite thermal stability. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Wu, Q (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM wuqing@lsu.edu; yonglei168@hotmail.com RI Yao, Fei/C-6498-2008 NR 43 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 106 IS 6 BP 3958 EP 3966 DI 10.1002/app.27048 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 226RW UT WOS:000250607200051 ER PT J AU Yeh, HY Klesius, PH AF Yeh, Hung-Yueh Klesius, Phillip H. TI Molecular cloning and expression of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, complement membrane attack complex inhibitor CD59 SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CD59; channel catfish; Ictalurus punctatus; complement membrane attack complex inhibitor ID REGULATORY PROTEIN CD59; HUMAN PROTECTIN CD59; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; HOMOLOGOUS COMPLEMENT; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; RESTRICTION FACTOR; C9; ANALOG; LYSIS; C5B-8 AB The channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, complement membrane attack complex inhibitor CD59 gene was cloned and analyzed. Total RNA from tissues was isolated and cDNA libraries were constructed by the rapid amplification cDNA end (RACE) method.. The gene-specific primers in conjunction with the RACE primers were used to PCR amplify 5'- and 3'-ends of the CD59 transcript. The complete channel catfish CD59 cDNA comprised 1109 bp including a 132-bp 5'-untranslated, a 360-bp open reading frame, and a 617-bp 3'-untranslated region. The open reading frame encodes a putative protein of 119-amino acid residues with calculated molecular mass (without potential glycosylation) of 13.2 kDa. However, the CD59 protein has a potential N-glycosylation site at the Asn35 residue. The degree of conservation of the channel catfish amino acid sequence to mammalian counterparts is 24-32%, while to those of other fish species is 44-54%. One remarkable feature is that the number and position of cysteine residues were conserved in the mature protein among species examined, suggesting that although the primary amino acid sequences are divergent, the three-dimensional structure of CD59 via disulfide linkages may be conserved through the evolutionary process. The putative protein could be further divided into three domains: a 21-amino acid signal peptide at the N-terminus, a 72-amino acid mature protein, and a 26-amino acid glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring signal peptide at the carboxyl terminus. CD59 was expressed in all channel catfish tissues studied, suggesting that like mammals, channel catfish CD59 is constitutively expressed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Yeh, HY (reprint author), Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, USDA, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM yyeh@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 3-4 BP 246 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.07.016 PG 8 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 237UR UT WOS:000251402400017 PM 17825428 ER PT J AU Zuerner, RL Heidari, M Elliott, MK Alt, DP Neill, JD AF Zuerner, Richard L. Heidari, Mohammad Elliott, Margaret K. Alt, David P. Neill, John D. TI Papillomatous digital dermatitis spirochetes suppress the bovine macrophage innate immune response SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE treponema; papillomatous digital dermatitis; SAGE; real time RT-PCR ID GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; SERIAL ANALYSIS; TREPONEMA-DENTICOLA; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; HUMAN MONOCYTES; DAIRY-CATTLE; LESIONS; MOUSE; CELLS; SAGE AB Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) is a polymicrobial infection in soft tissue adjacent to the hoof and is the leading cause of lameness in dairy cattle. Treponema phagedenis-like (TPL) spirochetes are a constant feature of PDD lesions and are localized deep in infected tissue. Host-cell response mechanisms to TPL spirochetes are poorly understood. To assess how bovine macrophages respond to cellular constituents of TPL spirochetes, changes in transcription were analyzed using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) and real time RT-PCR. This analysis revealed that some proinflammatory cytokines (e.g. GCP-2 and IL-8) are induced in treated macrophages, while receptors and their accessory proteins for IL-1, IL-6 and IL-11 are either down regulated or unchanged. Two genes encoding proteins having negative effects on NF kappa B, I kappa B and SIVA-1, are significantly induced in stimulated cells. Several genes associated with the cytoskeleton and antigen presentation are down regulated after exposure to sonicated TPL spirochetes, as are genes associated with wound repair. Combined, these data suggest that the innate immune and wound repair functions of bovine macrophages exposed to TPL cellular constituents are impaired thereby enabling bacteria to resist clearance and induce lesion formation. Use of this in vitro bovine macrophage model should be useful in elucidating host-spirochete interactions and facilitate identification of potential virulence traits. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Zuerner, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 125 IS 3-4 BP 256 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.06.001 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 234TO UT WOS:000251187100006 PM 17628359 ER PT J AU Brockmeier, SL Register, KB AF Brockmeier, S. L. Register, K. B. TI Expression of the dermonecrotic toxin by Bordetella bronchiseptica is not necessary for predisposing to infection with toxigenic Pasteurella multocida SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atrophic rhinitis; Bordetella bronchiseptica; dermonecrotic toxin (DNT); Pasteurella multocida ID SWINE; PERTUSSIS; CYTOTOXICITY; MACROPHAGES; PERTACTIN; PIGS AB This experiment was designed to determine whether a Bordetella bronchiseptica mutant that does not produce dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) is still capable of predisposing pigs to infection with toxigenic Pasteurella multocida. Three groups of pigs were initially inoculated intranasally with a wild type B. bronchiseptica that produces DNT, an isogenic mutant of B. bronchiseptica that does not produce DNT, or PBS. All pigs were then challenged intranasally with a toxigenic strain of P. multocida 4 days later. P. multocida was recovered infrequently and in low numbers from pigs initially inoculated with PBS, and no turbinate atrophy was present in these pigs. R multocida was isolated in similar numbers from the pigs initially inoculated with either the wild type or the DNT mutant of B. bronchiseptica, and turbinate atrophy of a similar magnitude was also seen in pigs from both of these groups. Thus, although the DNT has been shown to be responsible for much of the pathology seen during infection with B. bronchiseptica by itself, infection with non-DNT-producing strains can still predispose to secondary respiratory infections with R multocida. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Brockmeier, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Susan.Brockmeier@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD DEC 15 PY 2007 VL 125 IS 3-4 BP 284 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.05.022 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 234TO UT WOS:000251187100009 PM 17624695 ER PT J AU Liu, ZS Rempel, GL AF Liu, Z. S. Rempel, G. L. TI The triphasic transfer hydrogenation of aromatic aldehydes by aqueous sodium formate in the presence of heterogenized ruthenium(II) complexes bound to swellable polymer matrices SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS A-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE ruthenium; transfer hydrogenation; swellable polymer support catalyst; aromatic aldehyde; sodium formate ID PHASE-TRANSFER CONDITIONS; TRANSFER HYDROGENOLYSIS; ALPHA,BETA-UNSATURATED KETONES; TRANSFER CATALYSIS; ALCOHOLS; DIHYDRIDOTETRAKIS(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE)RUTHENIUM(II); CHEMISTRY AB Aromatic aldehydes can be reduced to the corresponding alcohols by hydrogen transfer from HCO2Na in the presence of Ru(II) complexes bound to swellable polymer matrices and a quaternary ammonium salt. The reaction kinetics have been measured between 50 and 80 degrees C. The process was shown to depend on the structure of the aldehyde acceptor, on the concentrations of formate donor and phase-transfer agent, on the amount of the catalyst and also to be sensitive to the polarity of the organic solvent. The observed activation energy, E-a = 20.80 kcal mol(-1), suggests that process is a predominantly chemically controlled reaction. A general reaction mechanism and rate equation have been proposed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Liu, ZS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kevin.liu@ars.usda.gov; grempel@cape.uwaterloo.ca NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1169 J9 J MOL CATAL A-CHEM JI J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 278 IS 1-2 BP 228 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.molcata.2007.09.019 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 239HV UT WOS:000251510300032 ER PT J AU Harvey, N Reeves, A Schoenbaum, MA Zagmutt-Vergara, FJ Dub, C Hill, AE Corso, BA McNab, WB Cartwright, CI Salman, MD AF Harvey, Neil Reeves, Aaron Schoenbaum, Mark A. Zagmutt-Vergara, Francisco J. Dub, Caroline Hill, Ashley E. Corso, Barbara A. McNab, W. Bruce Cartwright, Claudia I. Salman, Mo D. TI The North American Animal Disease Spread Model: A simulation model to assist decision making in evaluating animal disease incursions SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE computer simulation; herd-level; foot-and-mouth disease (FMD); Stochastic; spatial; state-transition model; animal disease model ID SWINE-FEVER EPIDEMIC; MOUTH-DISEASE; STOCHASTIC SIMULATION; CONTROL STRATEGIES; UNITED-KINGDOM; GREAT-BRITAIN; UK FOOT; OUTBREAK; NETHERLANDS; IMPACT AB The North American Animal Disease Spread Model is a stochastic, spatial, state-transition simulation model for the spread of highly contagious diseases of animals. It was developed with broad international support to assist policy development and decision making involving disease incursions. User-established parameters define model behavior in terms of disease progression; disease spread by animal-to-animal contact, contact with contaminated personnel or equipment, and airborne dissemination; and the implementation of control measures such as destruction and vaccination. Resources available to implement disease control strategies, as well as the direct costs associated with these strategies, are taken into consideration. The model records a wide variety of measures of the extent of simulated outbreaks and other characteristics. The graphical interface and output visualization features also make it a useful tool for training and preparedness exercises. This model is now being used to evaluate outbreak scenarios and potential control strategies for several economically important exotic animal diseases in the United States, Canada, and elsewhere. NAADSM is freely available via the Internet at http://www.naadsm.org. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth,Western Reg Off, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Canada Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y9, Canada. Ontario Minist Agr Food & Rural Affairs, Guelph, ON N1G 4Y2, Canada. USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Int Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Corso, BA (reprint author), USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth,Western Reg Off, Mail Stop 2W4,2150 Ctr Ave Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Barbara.A.Corso@aphis.usda.gov OI Reeves, Aaron/0000-0001-6387-7481 NR 32 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 82 IS 3-4 BP 176 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.05.019 PG 22 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 236HO UT WOS:000251293900002 PM 17614148 ER PT J AU Reitz, SR AF Reitz, Stuart R. TI Ecology - Invasion of the whiteflies SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID BEMISIA-TABACI HEMIPTERA; SPECIES COMPLEX; DISPLACEMENT; ALEYRODIDAE C1 ARS, USDA, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. RP Reitz, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. EM stuart.reitz@ars.usda.gov RI Reitz, Stuart/B-7667-2008 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 14 PY 2007 VL 318 IS 5857 BP 1733 EP 1734 DI 10.1126/science.1152124 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 240VR UT WOS:000251616800026 PM 18079389 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ AF Henry, Thomas J. TI Synopsis of the eastern north American species of the plant bug genus Parthenicus, with descriptions of three new species and a revised key (Heteroptera : Miridae : Orthotylinae) SO AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES LA English DT Article ID ANNOTATED LIST; UNITED-STATES; HEMIPTERA AB Three new species of the orthotyline genus Parthenicus Reuter are described and the seven previously known species of eastern North America are diagnosed. Parthenicus cruentus, n.sp. is described from Nebraska, P. sedumicola, n.sp. from Arkansas, and P. wheeleri, n.sp. from Oklahoma and Texas. A lectotype from Texas is designated and male genitalia are illustrated for P. psalliodes Reuter, the type species of the genus. Also provided are selected scanning electron photomicrographs and illustrations of the male genitalia for new species, a color habitus illustration for P. sedumicola, and for all species a color dorsal habitus photograph, hosts, and distribution information. A revised identification key to the 10 eastern species is given to help distinguish species. C1 USDA ARS, Syst Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Musuem Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Syst Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Musuem Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MPC 0168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thenry@sel.bare.usda.gov NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY PI NEW YORK PA ATTN: LIBRARY-SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS DISTRIBUTION, CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024-5192 USA SN 0003-0082 EI 1937-352X J9 AM MUS NOVIT JI Am. Mus. Novit. PD DEC 12 PY 2007 IS 3593 BP 1 EP 30 DI 10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3593[1:SOTENA]2.0.CO;2 PG 30 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA 242SV UT WOS:000251747200001 ER PT J AU Argyri, K Miller, DD Glahn, RP Zhu, L Kapsokefalou, M AF Argyri, Konstantina Miller, Dennis D. Glahn, Raymond P. Zhu, Le Kapsokefalou, Maria TI Peptides isolated from in vitro digests of milk enhance iron uptake by caco-2 cells SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE milk peptides; iron bioavailability; Caco-2 cell cultures; gel filtration ID CASEINOPHOSPHOPEPTIDE-BOUND IRON; CASEIN PHOSPHOPEPTIDES; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; INFANT FORMULAS; BIOAVAILABILITY; AVAILABILITY; HEMOGLOBIN; ABSORPTION; PROTEINS; BINDING AB Milk proteins, during digestion, produce a range of biologically active pepticles. Among those are pepticles that may enhance iron absorption. The objective of this project was to investigate the effect of isolated milk peptides on iron uptake. Cow's milk, 0% fat, was subjected to a modified in vitro digestion process. The milk digest was further fractionated by gel filtration. All eluted fractions as well as beta-casein synthetic peptides (a tripepticle and a hexapepticle) were subsequently tested for effects on iron uptake with Caco-2 cell monolayers. Fractions of milk digests obtained through Sephadex G-25 gel filtration had a significant enhancing effect on iron uptake in Caco-2 cells compared to nonfractionated milk digests. Two fractions (P = 0) and the hexapepticle (P < 0.0001) enhanced iron uptake by up to 3-fold, whereas others and the tripepticle had no effect. These results suggest that selected peptides produced during the in vitro digestion of milk may enhance iron absorption; however, it remains to be demonstrated whether this effect may be nutritionally significant. C1 Univ Agr Athens, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens 11634, Greece. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kapsokefalou, M (reprint author), Univ Agr Athens, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11634, Greece. EM kapsok@aua.gr RI TOMBLIN, Bruce/I-2257-2012 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 12 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 25 BP 10221 EP 10225 DI 10.1021/jf0727387 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 238VV UT WOS:000251477100022 PM 17988091 ER PT J AU Ioerger, B Bean, SR Tuinstra, AR Pedersen, JF Erpelding, J Lee, KA Herrman, TJ AF Ioerger, B. Bean, S. R. Tuinstra, A. R. Pedersen, J. F. Erpelding, J. Lee, K. A. Herrman, T. J. TI Characterization of polymeric proteins from vitreous and floury sorghum endosperm SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sorghum; cereal; protein; kernel hardness; cross-linking; kafirin ID VARYING HARDNESS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; DISULFIDE BONDS; GRAIN HARDNESS; MAIZE; ZEIN; KAFIRINS; BICOLOR; WHEAT; EXTRACTION AB Differences in protein content and composition between vitreous and floury endosperm were investigated using a number of different techniques. Differences in protein cross-linking between vitreous and floury endosperm were investigated using differential solubility, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and analysis of sulfhydryl content and composition. Vitreous endosperm was found to have higher levels of total protein and kafirins, but floury enclosperm had a higher proportion of gamma-kafirins than the vitreous. Floury enclosperm was found to have higher levels of SDS-soluble proteins than SDS-insoluble proteins extracted using sonication than vitreous enclosperm. Conversely, vitreous enclosperm had a greater proportion of the insoluble proteins. SEC analysis of the polymeric proteins revealed that the insoluble proteins had more polymeric proteins than did the soluble proteins, indicating greater cross-linking and a larger M,, distribution. Vitreous enclosperm was also found to have a greater percentage (i.e., a higher ratio of disulfide to total sulfhydryls) of disulficle bonds than floury enclosperm. These results show that the proteins in vitreous endosperm have a higher degree of cross-linking and a greater M, distribution than those found in floury enclosperm. C1 USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Bean, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM scott.bean@gmprc.ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 12 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 25 BP 10232 EP 10239 DI 10.1021/jf0716883 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 238VV UT WOS:000251477100024 PM 18020308 ER PT J AU Lu, M Miller, DR Sun, JH AF Lu, Min Miller, Daniel R. Sun, Jiang-Hua TI Cross-Attraction between an Exotic and a Native Pine Bark Beetle: A Novel Invasion Mechanism? SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background. Aside from the ecological impacts, invasive species fascinate ecologists because of the unique opportunities that invasives offer in the study of community ecology. Some hypotheses have been proposed to illustrate the mechanisms that allow exotics to become invasive. However, positive interactions between exotic and native insects are rarely utilized to explain invasiveness of pests. Methodology/Principal Findings. Here, we present information on a recently formed association between a native and an exotic bark beetle on their shared host, Pinus tabuliformis, in China. In field examinations, we found that 35-40% of P. tabuliformis attacked by an exotic bark beetle, Dendroctonus valens, were also attacked by a native pine bark beetle, Hylastes parallelus. In the laboratory, we found that the antennal and walking responses of H. parallelus to host- and beetle-produced compounds were similar to those of the exotic D. valens in China. In addition, D. valens was attracted to volatiles produced by the native H. parallelus. Conclusions/Significance. We report, for the first time, facilitation between an exotic and a native bark beetle seems to involve overlap in the use of host attractants and pheromones, which is cross-attraction. The concept of this interspecific facilitation could be explored as a novel invasive mechanism which helps explain invasiveness of not only exotic bark beetles but also other introduced pests in principle. The results reported here also have particularly important implications for risk assessments and management strategies for invasive species. C1 [Lu, Min; Sun, Jiang-Hua] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Miller, Daniel R.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Lu, Min] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Sun, JH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM sunjh@ioz.ac.cn FU National Nature Science Foundation of China [30525009, 30621003]; National Key RD Program [2006BAD08A17]; USDA Forest Service FX The research was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China ( 30525009 and 30621003), National Key R&D Program ( 2006BAD08A17), and the USDA Forest Service. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 12 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 12 AR e1302 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0001302 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10JE UT WOS:000207459500021 PM 18074026 ER PT J AU Selhub, J Morris, MS Jacques, PF AF Selhub, Jacob Morris, Martha Savaria Jacques, Paul F. TI In vitamin B-12 deficiency, higher serum folate is associated with increased total homocysteine and methylmalonic acid concentrations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE NHANES; cobalamin; methionine synthase; L-methylmalonyl-CoA mutase ID DEPENDENT METHIONINE SYNTHASE; FOLIC-ACID; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; NITROUS-OXIDE; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; COBALAMIN; PLASMA; METABOLISM; DECLINE; METHYLTETRAHYDROFOLATE AB In a recent study of older participants (age >= 60 years) in the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we showed that a combination of high serum folate and low vitamin B-12 status was associated with higher prevalence of cognitive impairment and anemia than other combinations of vitamin B-12 and folate status. In the present study, we sought to determine the joint influence of serum folate and vitamin B-12 concentrations on two functional indicators of vitamin B-12 status, total homocysteine (tHcy) and methylmalonic acid (MMA), among adult participants in phase 2 of the NHANES III (1991-1994) and the NHANES 1999-2002. Exclusion of subjects who were <20years old, were pregnant, had evidence of kidney or liver dysfunction, or reported a history of alcohol abuse or recent anemia therapy left 4,940 NHANES III participants and 5,473 NHANES 1999-2002 participants for the study. Multivariate analyses controlled for demographic factors, smoking, alcohol use, body mass index, self-reported diabetes diagnosis, and serum concentrations of creatinine and alanine aminotransferase revealed significant interactions between serum folate and serum vitamin B-12 in relation to circulating concentrations of both metabolites. In subjects with serum vitamin B-12 > 148 pmol/liter (L), concentrations of both metabolites decreased significantly as serum folate increased. In subjects with lower serum vitamin B-12, however, metabolite concentrations increased as serum folate increased starting at approximate to 20 nmol/L. These results suggest a worsening of vitamin B-12's enzymatic functions as folate status increases in people who are vitamin B-12-deficient. C1 [Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Morris, Martha Savaria; Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Selhub, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Jacob.selhub@tufts.edu NR 51 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 11 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 50 BP 19995 EP 20000 DI 10.1073/pnas.0709487104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 242UR UT WOS:000251752200063 PM 18056804 ER PT J AU Richardson, AD Hollinger, DY AF Richardson, Andrew D. Hollinger, David Y. TI A method to estimate the additional uncertainty in gap-filled NEE resulting from long gaps in the CO2 flux record SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE data assimilation; ecosystem physiology; eddy covariance; gap filling; Howland; Monte Carlo; phenology; random error; uncertainty ID EDDY COVARIANCE; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; SOIL RESPIRATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; CARBON-DIOXIDE; EXCHANGE; WATER; CANOPY; MODELS; VARIABILITY AB Missing values in any data set create problems for researchers. The process by which missing values are replaced, and the data set is made complete, is generally referred to as imputation. Within the eddy flux community, the term "gap filling" is more commonly applied. A major challenge is that random errors in measured data result in uncertainty in the gap-filled values. In the context of eddy covariance flux records, filling long gaps (days to weeks), which are usually the result of instrument malfunction or system failure, is especially difficult because underlying properties of the ecosystem may change over time, resulting in additional uncertainties. We used synthetic data sets, derived by assimilating data from a range of FLUXNET sites into a simple ecosystem model, to evaluate the relationship between gap length and uncertainty in net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2. Uncertainty always increased with gap length and there were seasonal patterns in this relationship. These patterns varied among ecosystem types, but were similar within the same ecosystem type (e.g., deciduous forests). In general, gaps of similar to 3 weeks during the winter dormant season resulted in little additional uncertainty at any of the sites studied. At worst (i.e., during spring green-up in a deciduous forest) a week-long gap could result in an additional uncertainty of roughly +/- 30 g C m(-2) year(-1) (at 95% confidence). This uncertainty adds to the roughly +/- 30 g C m(-2) year(-1) (at 95% confidence) uncertainty that arises from random measurement error. Unlike uncertainties due to random error, long gap uncertainties can be minimized through vigilance and a rapid response to system failure. Some strategies for reducing the occurrence of long gaps are discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.v. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Richardson, AD (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Morse Hall,39 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM andrew.richardson@unh.edu RI Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012 OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; NR 28 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 147 IS 3-4 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.06.004 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 238TG UT WOS:000251469900008 ER PT J AU Moffat, AM Papale, D Reichstein, M Hollinger, DY Richardson, AD Barr, AG Beckstein, C Braswell, BH Churkina, G Desai, AR Falge, E Gove, JH Heimann, M Hui, DF Jarvis, AJ Kattge, J Noormets, A Stauch, VJ AF Moffat, Antje M. Papale, Dario Reichstein, Markus Hollinger, David Y. Richardson, Andrew D. Barr, Alan G. Beckstein, Clemens Braswell, Bobby H. Churkina, Galina Desai, Ankur R. Falge, Eva Gove, Jeffrey H. Heimann, Martin Hui, Dafeng Jarvis, Andrew J. Kattge, Jens Noormets, Asko Stauch, Vanessa J. TI Comprehensive comparison of gap-filling techniques for eddy covariance net carbon fluxes SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE eddy covariance; carbon flux; net ecosystem exchange (NEE); FLUXNET; review of gap-filling techniques; Gap-filling comparison ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK; ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; SOIL RESPIRATION; ANNUAL SUMS; OAK FOREST; CO2 FLUX; MODEL; UNCERTAINTY; VARIABILITY; DIOXIDE AB We review 15 techniques for estimating missing values of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) in eddy covariance time series and evaluate their performance for different artificial gap scenarios based on a set of 10 benchmark datasets from six forested sites in Europe. The goal of gap filling is the reproduction of the NEE time series and hence this present work focuses on estimating missing NEE values, not on editing or the removal of suspect values in these time series due to systematic errors in the measurements (e.g., nighttime flux, advection). The gap filling was examined by generating 50 secondary datasets with artificial gaps (ranging in length from single half-hours to 12 consecutive days) for each benchmark dataset and evaluating the performance with a variety of statistical metrics. The performance of the gap filling varied among sites and depended on the level of aggregation (native half-hourly time step versus daily), long gaps were more difficult to fill than short gaps, and differences among the techniques were more pronounced during the day than at night. The non-linear regression techniques (NLRs), the look-up table (LUT), marginal distribution sampling (MDS), and the semiparametric model (SPM) generally showed good overall performance. The artificial neural network based techniques (ANNs) were generally, if only slightly, superior to the other techniques. The simple interpolation technique of mean diurnal variation (MDV) showed a moderate but consistent performance. Several sophisticated techniques, the dual unscented Kalman filter (UKF), the multiple imputation method (MIM), the terrestrial biosphere model (BETHY), but also one of the ANNs and one of the NLRs showed high biases which resulted in a low reliability of the annual sums, indicating that additional development might be needed. An uncertainty analysis comparing the estimated random error in the 10 benchmark datasets with the artificial gap residuals suggested that the techniques are already at or very close to the noise limit of the measurements. Based on the techniques and site data examined here, the effect of gap filling on the annual sums of NEE is modest, with most techniques falling within a range of +/- 25 g C m(-2) year(-1.) (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. Univ Tuscia, DISAFRI, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate Environm Cana, Div Climate Res, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. Univ Jena, Inst Informat, D-07743 Jena, Germany. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Lancaster, Dept Environm Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. N Carolina State Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol MeteoSwiss, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Moffat, AM (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Hans Knoll Str 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany. EM amoffat@bgc-jena.mpg.de RI Kattge, Jens/J-8283-2016; Hui, Dafeng/A-2476-2008; Hui, Dafeng/B-1946-2008; Noormets, Asko/A-7257-2009; Reichstein, Markus/A-7494-2011; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Cook, Bruce/M-4828-2013; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008; Barr, Alan/H-9939-2014; Braswell, Bobby/D-6411-2016; Heimann, Martin/H-7807-2016; OI Kattge, Jens/0000-0002-1022-8469; Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111; Reichstein, Markus/0000-0001-5736-1112; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Cook, Bruce/0000-0002-8528-000X; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; Braswell, Bobby/0000-0002-4061-9516; Heimann, Martin/0000-0001-6296-5113; Moffat, Antje/0000-0003-1307-2065; Hui, Dafeng/0000-0002-5284-2897; Churkina, Galina/0000-0002-5895-7425; Papale, Dario/0000-0001-5170-8648 NR 49 TC 344 Z9 356 U1 10 U2 164 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 147 IS 3-4 BP 209 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.08.011 PG 24 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 238TG UT WOS:000251469900009 ER PT J AU Denslow, JS AF Denslow, Julie S. TI Managing dominance of invasive plants in wildlands SO CURRENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE exotic species; invasive species; natural enemies; species management ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; SEED DISPERSAL; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SPECIES INVASIONS; EXOTIC GRASSES; UNITED-STATES; ALIEN PLANTS; CANOPY GAPS; TREE; CONSEQUENCES AB Invasive exotic plants threaten nature reserves and wildlands, where eradication may be neither a cost-effective nor an obtainable objective for controlling widespread weeds. In such cases, long-term management objectives should address the maintenance of desirable community and ecosystem processes through reduction in invasive plant abundance and distribution to acceptable levels. Strategic approaches to invasive plant control should include restoration of critical functional groups, mitigation of environmental stressors and reduction in exotic sources of disturbance to improve biotic resistance of the native community and reduction in invasive plant dominance. Monitoring to assess progress toward management goals is essential to identify needed changes in protocol as more is learned about drivers of community processes. C1 [Denslow, Julie S.] USDA Forest Serv, Inst Pacif Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Denslow, JS (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Inst Pacif Isl Forestry, 60 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM jdenslow@fs.fed.us NR 81 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 17 PU CURRENT SCIENCE ASSOC PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, PO BOX 8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0011-3891 J9 CURR SCI INDIA JI Curr. Sci. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 93 IS 11 BP 1579 EP 1586 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 244QH UT WOS:000251879900028 ER PT J AU Mauro-Herrera, M Meerow, AW Borrone, JW Kuhn, DN Schnell, RJ AF Mauro-Herrera, Margarita Meerow, Alan W. Borrone, James W. Kuhn, David N. Schnell, Raymond J. TI Usefulness of WRKY gene-derived markers for assessing genetic population structure: An example with Florida coconut cultivars SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE coconut; Cocos nucifera; genetic diversity; SNP; WRKY genes ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; NUCIFERA L.; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; DEFENSE RESPONSE; DNA-BINDING; SRI-LANKA; SUPERFAMILY; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION; DIVERSITY AB We previously analyzed genetic diversity and population structure of eight cultivars within Florida coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) germplasm using 15 microsatellite (simple sequence repeat, SSR) markers. Here we report on the analysis of the same genotypes using 13 markers derived. from WRKY sequences containing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and one microsatellite. WRKY transcription factors are unique to plants and are involved in numerous vital processes including disease resistance. Our objective was to determine the value of this type of gene to assess the genetic diversity of this species. Overall, the WRKY results are similar to those with microsatellite markers. Despite the lower number of alleles identified with the WRKY-derived markers (37 versus 67 total alleles identified with the SSR markers), individuals of cultivars 'Red Malayan Dwarf', 'Fiji Dwarf' ('Niu Leka') and 'Red Spicata' were clearly clustered, as in the previous analysis. However, individuals of 'Green Malayan Dwarf' and 'Yellow Malayan Dwarf' cultivars were resolved with other varieties, perhaps due to selective forces operating on these functional genes. Most samples of the 'Atlantic Tall' and 'Panama Tall' cultivars clustered together as in the previous microsatellite study. We discuss the utility of WRKY-derived markers for assessing the genetic diversity of coconut, and their possible value in the study of other species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mauro-Herrera, Margarita; Meerow, Alan W.; Borrone, James W.; Kuhn, David N.; Schnell, Raymond J.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM alan.meerow@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 115 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2007.07.005 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 243BF UT WOS:000251769200004 ER PT J AU Tworkoski, T Takeda, F AF Tworkoski, T. Takeda, F. TI Rooting response of shoot cuttings from three peach growth habits SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Prunus persica; adventitious root development; endogenous hormone; exogenous plant growth regulator; indole butyric acid ID HARDWOOD; STANDARD; COMPACT; PILLAR; TREES; ACID AB Current year shoot cuttings were collected in October and August from three growth habits of peach (Compact, Pillar, and Standard) and treated with one of four concentrations of indole butyric acid (0, 250, 1250, and 2500 mg L-1 IBA). Rooting response was measured after 5 weeks in the greenhouse. Little or no rooting occurred with cuttings from any growth habit that was collected in October or in August when treated with 0 and 2500 mg L-1 IBA. In August, the number of shoots that rooted was greater in cuttings from Pillar (79 and 45%) than Compact (13 and 3%) treated with 250 and 1250 mg; L-1 IBA, respectively. Cuttings from Standard trees had intermediate rooting of 56 and 6% at 250 and 1250 mg L-1 IBA, respectively. Pillar trees consistently grew more roots with greater root length per cutting than the other growth habits. It is proposed that differences in rooting response among the growth habits may be associated with differences in endogenous auxin concentration that had been found in previous studies. Within peach and possibly other fruit trees, the capacity of shoot cuttings to develop adventitious roots can vary by cultivar and successful root induction with exogenous plant growth regulators may depend, in part, on endogenous hormone levels. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tworkoski, T.; Takeda, F.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Tworkoski, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM ttworkos@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD DEC 10 PY 2007 VL 115 IS 1 BP 98 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2007.08.004 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 243BF UT WOS:000251769200015 ER PT J AU Jong, L AF Jong, L. TI Viscoelastic properties of natural rubber composites reinforced by defatted soy flour and carbon black co-filler SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rubber; composites; reinforcement; viscoelastic properties; defatted soy flour ID ELASTOMER COMPOSITES; SPENT FLAKES AB Filler mixtures of defatted soy flour (DSF) and carbon black (CB) were used to reinforce natural rubber (NR) composites and their viscoelastic properties were investigated. DSF is an abundant and renewable commodity and has a lower material cost than CB. Aqueous dispersions of DSF and CB were first mixed and then blended with NR latex to form rubber composites using freezedrying and compression molding methods. A 40% co-filler re nforcecl composite with a 1 : 1 DSF : CB ratio exhibited a 90-fold increase in the rubber plateau modulus compared with unfilled NR, showing a significant reinforcement effect by the co-filler. The effect, however, is lower than that observed in the carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber composites reported earlier, indicating a significant effect from the rubber matrix. The co-filler composites have elastic moduli between those of DSF and CB reinforced composites. Stress softening and recovery experiments indicated that the co-filler composites with a higher CB content tend to have a better recovery behavior; however, this can not be simply explained from the recovery behaviors of the single filler (DFS and CB) composites. CB composites prepared by freeze-drying show a strain-induced reorganization of fillers. Strain sweep experiment data fit with the Kraus model indicates the co-filler composites with a higher CB content are more elastic, which is consistent with the recovery experiments. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jong, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM lei.jong@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD DEC 5 PY 2007 VL 106 IS 5 BP 3444 EP 3453 DI 10.1002/app.26851 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 223XW UT WOS:000250410500076 ER PT J AU Endsley, JJ Hogg, A Shell, LJ McAulay, M Coffey, T Howard, C Scherer, CFC Waters, WR Nonnecke, B Estes, DM Villarreal-Ramos, B AF Endsley, Janice J. Hogg, Alison Shell, Lis J. McAulay, Martin Coffey, Tracey Howard, Chris Scherer, Charles F. Capinos Waters, W. Ray Nonnecke, Brian Estes, D. Mark Villarreal-Ramos, Bernardo TI Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination induces memory CD4(+) T cells characterized by effector biomarker expression and anti-mycobacterial activity SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE cytotoxicity; tuberculosis; CD4(+) T cells ID BACILLE CALMETTE-GUERIN; L-SELECTIN CD62L; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; HUMAN TUBERCULOSIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; IFN-GAMMA; CYTOLYTIC MECHANISMS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; NEONATAL CALVES; CATTLE AB The effector mechanisms used by CD4(+) T cells to control mycobacteria differ between humans and rodent models of TB and should be investigated in additional animal models. In these studies, the bovine model was used to characterize the mycobactericidal CD4(+) T cell response induced by vaccination with the attenuated Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Antigenic stimulation of peripheral blood CD4(+) T cells from BCG-vaccinated cattle enhanced expression of perforin and IFN gamma in cells expressing a CD45RA(-)CD45RO(+)CD62L(+) cell surface phenotype, enhanced transcription of granulysin, IFN gamma, perforin, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-21, and enhanced anti-mycobacterial activity of CD4(+) T cells against BCG-infected macrophages. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Endsley, Janice J.; Shell, Lis J.; Scherer, Charles F. Capinos; Estes, D. Mark] Univ Texas Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev, Dept Pediat, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Hogg, Alison; McAulay, Martin; Coffey, Tracey; Howard, Chris; Villarreal-Ramos, Bernardo] Inst Anim Hlth, Newbury RG20 7NN, Berks, England. [Waters, W. Ray; Nonnecke, Brian] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Villarreal-Ramos, B (reprint author), Univ Texas Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev, Dept Pediat, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM bernardo.villarreal@bbsrc.ac.uk RI Coffey, Tracey/G-9956-2011 OI Coffey, Tracey/0000-0003-2518-5470 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/E/I/00000984]; NIAID NIH HHS [T32AI07536] NR 58 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 5 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 50 BP 8384 EP 8394 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.10.011 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 247KX UT WOS:000252079000006 PM 17996992 ER PT J AU Spooner, DM Nunez, J Trujillo, G Herrera, MD Guzman, F Ghislain, M AF Spooner, David M. Nunez, Jorge Trujillo, Guillermo Herrera, Maria del Rosario Guzman, Frank Ghislain, Marc TI Extensive simple sequence repeat genotyping of potato landraces supports a major reevaluation of their gene pool structure and classification SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE cultivated; microsatellites; sect. Petota; Solanum tuberosum; taxonomy ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L.; CHLOROPLAST DNA; CULTIVATED POTATO; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN; WILD; MICROSATELLITES; DIVERSITY; DELETION AB Contrasting taxonomic treatments of potato landraces have continued over the last century, with the recognition of anywhere from 1 to 21 distinct Linnean species, or of Cultivar Groups within the single species Solanum tuberosum. We provide one of the largest molecular marker studies of any crop landraces to date, to include an extensive study of 742 landraces of all cultivated species (or Cultivar Groups) and 8 closely related wild species progenitors, with 50 nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR) (also known as microsatellite) primer pairs and a plastid DNA deletion marker that distinguishes most lowland Chilean from upland Andean landraces. Neighbor-joining results highlight a tendency to separate three groups: (i) putative diploids, (ii) putative tetraploids, and (iii) the hybrid cultivated species S. ajanhuiri (diploid), S. juzepczukii (triploid), and S. curtilobum (pentaploid). However, there are many exceptions to grouping by ploidy. Strong statistical support occurs only for S. ajanhuiri, S. juzepczukii, and S. curtilobum. In combination with recent morphological analyses and an examination of the identification history of these collections, we support the reclassification of the cultivated potatoes into four species: (i) S. tuberosum, with two Cultivar Groups (Andigenum Group of upland Andean genotypes containing diploids, triploids, and tetraploids, and the Chilotanum Group of lowland tetraploid Chilean landraces); (ii) S. ajanhuiri (diploid); (iii) S. juzepczukii (triploid); and (iv) S. curtilobum (pentaploid). For other classifications, consistent and stable identifications are impossible, and their classification as species is artificial and only maintains the confusion of users of the gene banks and literature. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Int Potato Ctr, Appl Biotechnol Lab, Lima 12, Peru. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM david.spooner@ars.usda.gov RI Guzman, Frank /H-1271-2014 OI Guzman, Frank /0000-0002-5048-4213 NR 41 TC 85 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 20 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 4 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 49 BP 19398 EP 19403 DI 10.1073/pnas.0709796104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 239NU UT WOS:000251525800043 PM 18042704 ER PT J AU Barrows, FT Gaylord, TG Stone, DAJ Smith, CE AF Barrows, F. T. Gaylord, T. G. Stone, D. A. J. Smith, C. E. TI Effect of protein source and nutrient density on growth efficiency, histology and plasma amino acid concentration of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE rainbow trout; alternate protein source; plant-based feeds ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; DIGESTIBLE ENERGY CONTENT; DORSAL AORTA CANNULATION; LABEO-ROHITA HAMILTON; FISH-MEAL; SOYBEAN-MEAL; BODY-COMPOSITION; DIETARY-PROTEIN; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; COHO SALMON AB The effects of protein source and nutrient density on growth efficiency, nutrient digestibility and plasma amino acid concentrations of rainbow trout were evaluated. A 3 by 2 factorial treatment design with three protein sources, fish meal-barley (F-B), plant concentrates (PC) and plant meals (PM), and two nutrient densities were used. A commercial reference diet was also fed. Triplicate tanks of 30 fish (initial wt. 28 g) were fed each diet, and the final weight averaged 240 g fish(-1). Protein source and nutrient density affected feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Weight gain of trout fed the PC and PM diets was approximately 10% less than fish fed the F-B diets. Protein retention was affected by protein source, but not nutrient density, and was the highest for the fish fed diets containing fish meal and the lowest for the fish fed PM diets. Apparent digestibility coefficients and apparent amino acid availabilities of the diets corresponded with differences in weight gain. This study provides further evidence that growth rates of trout fed fish meal-free diets, using conventional and concentrated plant protein ingredients, are good but some limitation to growth exists in the fish meal-free diets. C1 USDA, ARS, PWA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn,Small Grains & Pot, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID USA. Smith Pathol & Aquaculture Consulting, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Barrows, FT (reprint author), USDA, ARS, PWA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn,Small Grains & Pot, 3059-F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM Rick.Barrows@ars.usda.gov OI Gaylord, Gibson/0000-0003-3037-0451 NR 56 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD DEC 3 PY 2007 VL 38 IS 16 BP 1747 EP 1758 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01854.x PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 236UC UT WOS:000251327900007 ER PT J AU O'Rourke, KI Spraker, TR Zhuang, D Greenlee, JJ Gidlewski, TE Hamir, AN AF O'Rourke, Katherine I. Spraker, Terry R. Zhuang, Dongyue Greenlee, Justin J. Gidlewski, Thomas E. Hamir, Amir N. TI Elk with a long incubation prion disease phenotype have a unique PrPd profile SO NEUROREPORT LA English DT Article DE cervid; chronic wasting disease; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; glycoform profile; prion protein; Rocky Mountain elk; Western blot ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; CERVUS-ELAPHUS-NELSONI; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; LYMPHOID-TISSUES; SCRAPIE; PROTEIN AB The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) invariably result in fatal neurodegeneration and accumulation of PrPd, an abnormal form of the host prion protein PrPc, encoded by the PRNP gene. A naturally occurring polymorphism (methionine/valine) at PRNP codon 129 is associated with variation in relative disease susceptibility, incubation time, clinical presentation, neuropathology, and/or PrPd biochemical characteristics in a range of human TSEs. A methionine/leucine polymorphism at the corresponding site in the Rocky Mountain elk PRNP gene is associated with variation in relative susceptibility and incubation time in the cervid TSE chronic wasting disease. We now report that elk lacking the predisposing 132-methionine allele develop chronic wasting disease after a long incubation period and display a novel PrPd folding pattern. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP O'Rourke, KI (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM korourke@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0959-4965 J9 NEUROREPORT JI Neuroreport PD DEC 3 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 18 BP 1935 EP 1938 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 237EC UT WOS:000251355300012 PM 18007190 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Rosenthal, BM Sundar, N Velmurugan, GV Beckmen, KB AF Dubey, J. P. Rosenthal, Benjamin M. Sundar, Natarajan Velmurugan, G. V. Beckmen, Kimberlee B. TI Sarcocystis arctosi sp nov (Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae) from the brown bear (Ursus arctos), and its genetic similarity to schizonts of Sarcocystis canis-like parasite associated with fatal hepatitis in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) SO ACTA PARASITOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Protozoa; Apicomplexa; Sarcocystis arctosi sp.nov.; brown bear; Ursus arctos ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; BLACK BEARS; AMERICANUS; DOGS AB The tissues of herbivores are commonly infected with cysts of parasites belonging to the apicomplexan genus Sarcocystis, but such sarcocysts are rare in bears. Here, we describe a new species, Sarcocystis arctosi, based on the mature sarcocysts identified in two brown bears (Ursus arctos) from Alaska, USA. Microscopic sarcocysts (37-75 x 20-42 mu m) had thin walls (< 1 mu m). The outer layer of the sarcocyst, the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (pvm), was wavy in outline and had minute undulations that did not invaginate towards the sarcocyst interior; these undulations occurred at irregular intervals and measured up to 100 nm in length and up to 60 nm width. The ground substance layer beneath the pvm was smooth and lacked microtubules. Longitudinally cut bradyzoites measured 5.6-6.8 x 0.7-1.8 mu m. A major portion of nuclear small subunit rDNA sequence obtained from these sarcocysts was similar to that previously obtained from the hepatic schizonts of a S. canis-like parasite from polar bears (Ursus maritimus). C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Rosenthal, Benjamin M.; Sundar, Natarajan; Velmurugan, G. V.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Beckmen, Kimberlee B.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC-E,Bldg 1001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU VERSITA PI WARSAW 41 PA 9 DRUGA POPRZECNA ST, 04-604 WARSAW 41, POLAND SN 1230-2821 J9 ACTA PARASITOL JI Acta Parasitolog. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 52 IS 4 BP 299 EP 304 DI 10.2478/s11686-007-0048-6 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 241HM UT WOS:000251647500001 ER PT J AU Crivello, NA Rosenberg, IH Shukitt-Hale, B Bielinski, D Dallal, GE Joseph, JA AF Crivello, Natalia A. Rosenberg, Irwin H. Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Bielinski, Donna Dallal, Gerard E. Joseph, James A. TI Aging modifies brain region-specific vulnerability to experimental oxidative stress induced by low dose hydrogen peroxide SO AGE LA English DT Article DE P-2 fraction; synaptosomes; calcium; glutathione; extracellular signal-regulated kinase ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; ALPHA-LIPOIC ACID; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; RAT-BRAIN; CALCIUM DYSREGULATION; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; CHOLINERGIC DEFICITS AB Our previous studies demonstrated a significant decline in brain function and behavior in Fischer 344 (F344) rats with age. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that dysregulation in calcium homeostasis (as assessed through Ca-45 flux) may contribute to the increase in age-related vulnerability to oxidative stress in brain regions, and result in a deficit in behavior-mediated signaling. Crude membrane (P-2) and more purified synaptosomal fractions were isolated from the striatum, hippocampus, and frontal cortex of young (6 months) and old (22 months) F344 rats and were assessed for calcium flux and extracellular-regulated kinase activity 1 (ERK) under control and oxidative stress conditions induced by low dose hydrogen peroxide (final concentration 5 mu M). The level of oxidative stress responses was monitored by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH). The results showed a significant difference in oxidative stress responses between young and old rats in evaluated brain regions. Old rats showed higher sensitivity to oxidative stress than young rats. The present findings show the differential effects of oxidative stress on calcium flux in brain regions with age that are dependent upon the brain areas examined and the fraction assessed. The accumulation of ROS and the decrease in GSH in the frontal cortex were sufficient to decrease ERK activity in old rats. This is the first study, to our knowledge, that demonstrates age-related differential sensitivity to oxidative stress expressed as a function of behavior-mediated signaling and stress levels among different fractions isolated from brain regions controlling behavior. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Neurosci Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Biostat Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Crivello, NA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM natalia.crivello@tufts.edu NR 83 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-9152 J9 AGE JI Age PD DEC PY 2007 VL 29 IS 4 BP 191 EP 203 DI 10.1007/s11357-007-9039-7 PG 13 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 223WL UT WOS:000250404200002 PM 19424838 ER PT J AU Ruan, J Buccola, S Pick, D AF Ruan, Jun Buccola, Steven Pick, Daniel TI USDA's trade adjustment assistance for farmers: The raspberry industry SO AGRIBUSINESS LA English DT Article AB The Trade Adjustment Assistance Program, created in the Trade Act of 2002, authorizes temporary payments to farmers hurt by import competition. The Act requires petitioning farmers to demonstrate that prices have fallen by at least the statutory minimum proportion, and importantly, as a result of rising foreign competition. With the raspberry industry as an example, we show that credible demonstration of import harm requires an econometric model distinguishing domestic from foreign impacts on U.S. prices. We construct such a model and use it to argue that raspberry producers-and specialty crops in general-will infrequently qualify for program assistance, despite recent apparent evidence of import-induced price damage. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Specialty Crops & Fiber Branch, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Ruan, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ruanj@onid.orst.edu; sbuccola@oregonstate.edu; dpick@ers.usda.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0742-4477 J9 AGRIBUSINESS JI Agribusiness PD WIN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 101 EP 115 DI 10.1002/agr.20114 PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology GA 210YS UT WOS:000249492100006 ER PT J AU Orden, D Roberts, D AF Orden, David Roberts, Donna TI Food regulation and trade under the WTO: ten years in perspective SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Meeting of the International-Association-of-Agricultural-Economists (IAAE) CY AUG 12-18, 2006 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Agr Economists DE World Trade Organization; technical barriers; sanitary and phytosanitary regulations AB This article reviews the performance of the World Trade Organization in the oversight of national regulatory decisions affecting agricultural and food trade. A picture emerges of modest international disciplines on the regulatory decisions of sovereign nations and the need for ongoing improvements. A road map to regulations is presented and empirical assessments of the effects of technical regulation on trade are reviewed. Conflicts over sanitary and phytosanitary barriers raised in the relevant World Trade Organization committee are summarized and formal dispute settlement cases involving technical trade barriers are evaluated. Drawing on these reviews, suggestions are made for improving international food regulation. C1 [Orden, David] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Orden, David] IFPRI, Mkt Trade & Inst Div, Washington, DC USA. [Roberts, Donna] USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Orden, D (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0169-5150 EI 1574-0862 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 37 SU 1 BP 103 EP 116 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2007.00238.x PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 245MZ UT WOS:000251940700009 ER PT J AU Gardner, B Goodwin, B Ahearn, M AF Gardner, Bruce Goodwin, Barry Ahearn, Mary TI Economic statistics and US agricultural policy SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Meeting of the International-Association-of-Agricultural-Economists (IAAE) CY AUG 12-18, 2006 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Agr Economists DE agricultural policy; data collection and estimation; economic history of US agriculture AB Economic statistics can be used to inform policy as it is being designed, avoid policy design mistakes, or implement government programs once they are established into law. Oftentimes, statistics are used for all three purposes. This article considers the relationships between statistics and agricultural policy in the case of the United States. We address first the broad historical picture of U.S. official economic statistics concerning agriculture, and then turn to selected examples that relate policies to economic statistics in more detail. The examples show diversity in the interplay between statistics and policy. Over time, policymakers have asked for more detailed information about the financial situation of individual farm businesses and households, sources of risk in farm returns, and production practices that affect the environment. C1 [Gardner, Bruce] Univ Maryland, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Goodwin, Barry] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ahearn, Mary] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Gardner, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0169-5150 EI 1574-0862 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 37 SU 1 BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2007.00248.x PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 245MZ UT WOS:000251940700019 ER PT J AU Chen, YP Evans, JD AF Chen, Yanping Evans, Jay D. TI Historical presence of Israeli acute paralysis virus in the United States SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DISAPPEARING DISEASE; HONEY BEES C1 USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jay.evans@ars.usda.gov RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 6 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 8 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 147 IS 12 BP 1027 EP 1028 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 233PG UT WOS:000251102200006 ER PT J AU Fisher, JO Arreola, A Birch, LL Rolls, BJ AF Fisher, Jennifer O. Arreola, Angeles Birch, Leann L. Rolls, Barbara J. TI Portion size effects on daily energy intake in low-income Hispanic and African American children and their mothers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE portion size; energy intake; eating behavior; obesity ID FOOD-INTAKE; CALORIC COMPENSATION; OBESITY EPIDEMIC; SELF-REGULATION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; US CHILDREN; DENSITY; WOMEN; MEAL; MEN AB Background: Portion size influences children's energy intakes at meals, but effects on daily intake are unknown. Objective: Effects of large portions on daily energy intake were tested in 5-y-old Hispanic and African American children from low-income families. Maternal food intake data were collected to evaluate familial susceptibility to portion size. Design: A within-subjects experimental design with reference and large portion sizes was used in a study of 59 low-income Hispanic and African American preschool-aged children and their mothers. The portion size of 3 entrees (lunch, dinner, and breakfast) and an afternoon snack served during a 24-h period were of a reference size in one condition and doubled in the other condition. Portion sizes of other foods and beverages did not vary across conditions. Weighed food intake, anthropometric measures, and self-reported data were obtained. Results: Doubling the portion size of several entrees and a snack served during a 24-h period increased energy intake from those foods by 23% (180 kcal) among children (P < 0.0001) and by 21% (270 kcal) among mothers (P < 0.0001). Child and maternal energy intakes from other foods for which portion size was not altered did not differ across conditions. Consequently, total energy intakes in the large-portion condition were 12% (P < 0.001) and 6% (P < 0.01) higher in children and mothers, respectively, than in the reference condition. Child and maternal intakes of the portion-manipulated foods were not correlated. Conclusions: Large portions may contribute to obesigenic dietary environments by promoting excess daily intakes among Hispanic and African American children. C1 [Fisher, Jennifer O.; Arreola, Angeles] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. [Birch, Leann L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rolls, Barbara J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Fisher, JO (reprint author), USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St,Suite 4004, Houston, TX USA. EM jfisher@bcm.tme.edu NR 44 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1709 EP 1716 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 240GN UT WOS:000251575500020 PM 18065590 ER PT J AU Newby, PK Maras, J Bakun, P Muller, D Ferrucci, L Tucker, KL AF Newby, P. K. Maras, Janice Bakun, Peter Muller, Denis Ferrucci, Luigi Tucker, Katherine L. TI Intake of whole grains, refined grains, and cereal fiber measured with 7-d diet records and associations with risk factors for chronic disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE whole grains; refined grains; fiber; diet records; risk factors ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; DIANA RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; METABOLIC SYNDROME; BLOOD-PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; WEIGHT-GAIN AB Background: Research studies examining foods are important, because they account for biological interactions that might otherwise be lost in the analysis of individual nutrients. Single-nutrient studies are also needed to explore the mechanisms by which foods may be protective. Objective: Our objective was to examine associations between whole grains, refined grains, and cereal fiber and chronic disease risk factors. Design: In a cross-sectional analysis of participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, associations between dietary intakes and risk factors were examined with multivariate linear regression analysis. Dietary intakes were assessed with 7-d dietary records and quantified in g/d. Results: Compared with subjects in the lowest quintile (Q1) of whole-grain intake, subjects in the highest quintile (Q5) had lower body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2); Q 1: 25.5; Q5: 24.8; P for trend < 0.0001) and weight(Q1: 75.0kg; Q5:72.4 kg; Pfortrend = 0.004) and smaller waist circumference Q 1: 87.4 cm; Q5: 85.0 cm; P for trend = 0.002). Whole grains were also inversely associated with total cholesterol (P for trend = 0.02), LDL cholesterol (P for trend = 0.04), and 2-h glucose (P for trend = 0.0006). Associations between cereal fiber and anthropometrics and plasma lipids were similar. In subgroup analyses, refined grains were positively associated with fasting insulin among women (P for trend = 0.002). Conclusions: Similar associations of whole grains and cereal fiber with weight, BMI, waist circumference, plasma cholesterol, and 2-h glucose were observed, suggesting that cereal fiber and its constituents may in part mediate these relations. Refined grains were associated with fasting insulin among women but not men. Additional research should explore potential interaction effects with BMI, sex, age, and genes. C1 [Newby, P. K.] Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Maras, Janice; Bakun, Peter; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Muller, Denis; Ferrucci, Luigi] NIH, Natl Inst Aging, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Newby, PK (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM pk.newby@bmc.org RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 AG000015-49] NR 60 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1745 EP 1753 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 240GN UT WOS:000251575500025 PM 18065595 ER PT J AU Bischoff-Ferrari, HA Dawson-Hughes, B Baron, JA Burckhardt, P Li, R Spiegelman, D Specker, B Orav, JE Wong, JB Staehelin, HB O'Reilly, E Kiel, DP Willett, WC AF Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A. Dawson-Hughes, Bess Baron, John A. Burckhardt, Peter Li, Ruifeng Spiegelman, Donna Specker, Bonny Orav, John E. Wong, John B. Staehelin, Hannes B. O'Reilly, Eilis Kiel, Douglas P. Willett, Walter C. TI Calcium intake and hip fracture risk in men and women: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE meta-analysis; hip fracture; nonvertebral fracture; calcium intake; calcium supplementation; cohort studies; randomized controlled trials ID VITAMIN-D SUPPLEMENTATION; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; DIETARY CALCIUM; ELDERLY-WOMEN; KIDNEY-STONES; OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; DOUBLE-BLIND AB Background: The role of total calcium intake in the prevention of hip fracture risk has not been well established. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the relation of calcium intake to the risk of hip fracture on the basis of meta-analyses of cohort studies and clinical trials. Results: In women (7 prospective cohort studies, 170 991 women, 2954 hip fractures), there was no association between total calcium intake and hip fracture risk [pooled risk ratio (RR) per 300 mg total Ca/d = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.05]. In men (5 prospective cohort studies, 68 606 men, 214 hip fractures), the pooled RR per 300 mg total Ca/d was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.82, 1.03). On the basis of 5 clinical trials (n = 5666 women, primarily postmenopausal, plus 1074 men) with 814 nonvertebral fractures, the pooled RR for nonvertebral fractures between calcium supplementation (800-1600 mg/d) and placebo was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.05). On the basis of 4 clinical trials with separate results for hip fracture (6504 subjects with 139 hip fractures), the pooled RR between calcium and placebo was 1.64 (95% CI: 1.02,2.64). Sensitivity analyses including 2 additional small trials with <100 participants or per-protocol results did not substantially alter results. Conclusions: Pooled results from prospective cohort studies suggest that calcium intake is not significantly associated with hip fracture risk in women or men. Pooled results from randomized controlled trials show no reduction in hip fracture risk with calcium supplementation, and an increased risk is possible. For any nonvertebral fractures, there was a neutral effect in the randomized trials. C1 [Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Rheumatol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Inst Med Phys, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.; O'Reilly, Eilis; Willett, Walter C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Li, Ruifeng; Spiegelman, Donna] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Li, Ruifeng; Spiegelman, Donna; Orav, John E.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Inst Phys Med & Rehabil, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Baron, John A.] Dartmouth Med Sch, Dept Med, Hanover, NH USA. [Baron, John A.] Dartmouth Med Sch, Dept Community, Hanover, NH USA. [Baron, John A.] Dartmouth Med Sch, Dept Family Med, Hanover, NH USA. [Burckhardt, Peter] Clin Bois Cerf Hirslanden, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Specker, Bonny] S Dakota State Univ, EA Martin Program Human Nutr, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Wong, John B.] Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Div Clin Decis Making, Boston, MA USA. [Staehelin, Hannes B.] Univ Basel, Dept Geriatr, Basel, Switzerland. [Kiel, Douglas P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Inst Aging Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Bischoff-Ferrari, HA (reprint author), Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Rheumatol, Gloriastr 25, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. EM heike.bischoff@usz.ch OI Kiel, Douglas/0000-0001-8474-0310 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA098286] NR 50 TC 149 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1780 EP 1790 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 240GN UT WOS:000251575500029 PM 18065599 ER PT J AU Escobar, J Frank, JW Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Davis, TA AF Escobar, Jeffery Frank, Jason W. Suryawan, Agus Nguyen, Hanh V. Davis, Teresa A. TI Amino acid availability and age affect the leucine stimulation of protein synthesis and eIF4F formation in muscle SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE neonate; translation initiation; infusion; parenteral; eukaryotic initiation factor 4G; amino acids ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; NEONATAL PIGS; TRANSLATION INITIATION; POSTABSORPTIVE RATS; INSULIN; DECREASES; MEAL AB Escobar J, Frank JW, Suryawan A, Nguyen HV, Davis TA. Amino acid availability and age affect the leucine stimulation of protein synthesis and eIF4F formation in muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 293: E1615-E1621, 2007. First published September 18, 2007; doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00302.2007. - We have previously shown that a physiological increase in plasma leucine for 60 and 120 min increases translation initiation factor activation in muscle of neonatal pigs. Although muscle protein synthesis is increased by leucine at 60 min, it is not maintained at 120 min, perhaps because of the decrease in plasma amino acids ( AA). In the present study, 7- and 26-day-old pigs were fasted overnight and infused with leucine ( 0 or 400 mu mol.kg(-1).h(-1)) for 120 min to raise leucine within the postprandial range. The leucine was infused in the presence or absence of a replacement AA mixture ( without leucine) to maintain baseline plasma AA levels. AA administration prevented the leucine-induced reduction in plasma AA in both age groups. At 7 days, leucine infusion alone increased eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E binding protein-1 (4E-BP1) phosphorylation, decreased inactive 4E-BP1.eIF4E complex abundance, and increased active eIF4G.eIF4E complex formation in skeletal muscle; leucine infusion with replacement AA also stimulated these, as well as 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase, ribosomal protein S6, and eIF4G phosphorylation. At 26 days, leucine infusion alone increased 4E-BP1 phosphorylation and decreased the inactive 4E-BP1.eIF4E complex only; leucine with AA also stimulated these, as well as 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase and ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation. Muscle protein synthesis was increased in 7-day-old (+60%) and 26-day-old (+40%) pigs infused with leucine and replacement AA but not with leucine alone. Thus the ability of leucine to stimulate eIF4F formation and protein synthesis in skeletal muscle is dependent on AA availability and age. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474-12, AR-44474, R01 AR044474, R01 AR044474-10, R01 AR044474-11]; NICHD NIH HHS [T32 HD-07445, T32 HD007445] NR 31 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 293 IS 6 BP E1615 EP E1621 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00302.2007 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 239HU UT WOS:000251510200017 PM 17878223 ER PT J AU Marini, JC Erez, A Castillo, L Lee, B AF Marini, Juan C. Erez, Ayelet Castillo, Leticia Lee, Brendan TI Interaction between murine spf-ash mutation and genetic background yields different metabolic phenotypes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE arginine; nitric oxide; urea cycle ID ORNITHINE TRANSCARBAMYLASE DEFICIENCY; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHESIS; UREA CYCLE; ARGININE SYNTHESIS; OTC(SPF-ASH) MICE; RENAL ARGININE; STABLE-ISOTOPE; CITRULLINE; AMMONIA; CONSEQUENCES AB The spf-ash mutation in mice results in reduced hepatic and intestinal ornithine transcarbamylase. However, a reduction in enzyme activity only translates in reduced ureagenesis and hyperammonemia when an unbalanced nitrogen load is imposed. Six-week-old wild-type control and spf-ash mutant male mice from different genetic backgrounds (B6 and ICR) were infused intravenously with [(CO)-C-13-O-18] urea, L-[N-15(2)] arginine, L-[5,5 D-2] ornithine, L-[ 6-C-13, 4,4,5,5, D-4] citrulline, and L-[ring-D-5] phenylalanine to investigate the interaction between genetic background and spf-ash mutation on ureagenesis, arginine metabolism, and nitric oxide production. ICRspf-ash mice maintained ureagenesis (5.5 +/- 0.3 mmol . kg(-1) . h(-1)) and developed mild hyperammonemia (145 +/- 19 mu mol/l) when an unbalanced nitrogen load was imposed; however, B6(spf-ash) mice became hyperammonemic (671 +/- 15 mu mol/l) due to compromised ureagenesis (3.4 +/- 0.1 mmol . kg(-1) . h(-1)). Ornithine supplementation restored ureagenesis and mitigated hyperammonemia. A reduction in citrulline entry rate was observed due to the mutation in both genetic backgrounds (wild-type: 128, spf-ash: 60; SE 4.0 mu mol . kg(-1) . h(-1)). Arginine entry rate was only reduced in B6(spf-ash) mice (B6(spf-ash): 332, ICRspf-ash: 453; SE 20.6 mu mol . kg(-1) . h(-1)). Genetic background and mutation had an effect on nitric oxide production (B6: 3.4, B6(spf-ash): 2.8, ICR: 9.0, ICRspf-ash: 4.6, SE 0.7 mu mol . kg(-1) . h(-1)). Protein breakdown was the main source of arginine during the postabsorptive state and was higher in ICRspf-ash than in B6(spf-ash) mice (phenylalanine entry rate 479 and 327, respectively; SE 18 mu mol . kg(-1) . h(-1)). Our results highlight the importance of the interaction between mutation and genetic background on ureagenesis, arginine metabolism, and nitric oxide production. These observations help explain the wide phenotypic variation of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency in the human population. C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Houston, TX USA. RP Marini, JC (reprint author), 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM marini@bcm.edu NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 293 IS 6 BP E1764 EP E1771 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00525.2007 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 239HU UT WOS:000251510200036 PM 17925451 ER PT J AU Suryawan, A Orellana, RA Nguyen, HV Jeyapalan, AS Fleming, JR Davis, TA AF Suryawan, Agus Orellana, Renan A. Nguyen, Hanh V. Jeyapalan, Asumthia S. Fleming, Jillian R. Davis, Teresa A. TI Activation by insulin and amino acids of signaling components leading to translation initiation in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs is developmentally regulated SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE neonates; mammalian target of rapamycin; tuberous sclerosis; raptor; protein synthesis ID PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; CELL-GROWTH; KINASE; MTOR; PATHWAY; RAPTOR; TOR; STIMULATION; DECREASES; NUTRIENTS AB Suryawan A, Orellana RA, Nguyen HV, Jeyapalan AS, Fleming JR, Davis TA. Activation by insulin and amino acids of signaling components leading to translation initiation in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs is developmentally regulated. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 293: E1597-E1605, 2007. First published September 18, 2007; doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00307.2007. - Insulin and amino acids act independently to stimulate protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs, and the responses decrease with development. The purpose of this study was to compare the separate effects of fed levels of INS and AA on the activation of signaling components leading to translation initiation and how these responses change with development. Overnight-fasted 6- (n = 4/group) and 26-day-old (n = 6/group) pigs were studied during 1) euinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic conditions (controls), 2) euinsulinemic-euglycemic-hyperaminoacidemic clamps (AA), and 3) hyperinsulinemic-euglycemiceuaminoacidemic clamps (INS). INS, but not AA, increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB) and tuberous sclerosis 2 (TSC2). Both INS and AA increased protein synthesis and the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1, and eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), and these responses were higher in 6-day-old compared with 26-day-old pigs. Both INS and AA decreased the binding of 4E-BP1 to eIF4E and increased eIF4E binding to eIF4G; these effects were greater in 6-day-old than in 26-day-old pigs. Neither INS nor AA altered the composition of mTORC1 (raptor, mTOR, and G beta L) or mTORC2 (rictor, mTOR, and G beta L) complexes. Furthermore, neither INS, AA, nor age had any effect on the abundance of Rheb and the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and eukaryotic elongation factor 2. Our results suggest that the activation by insulin and amino acids of signaling components leading to translation initiation is developmentally regulated and parallels the developmental decline in protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474-13, K08-AR-51563, K08 AR051563, R01 AR044474-11, R01-AR-44474, R01 AR044474, R01 AR044474-12] NR 45 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 293 IS 6 BP E1597 EP E1605 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00307.2007 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 239HU UT WOS:000251510200015 PM 17878222 ER PT J AU Alexander, LJ Juneja, B Shiroma, D Nonneman, D Snelling, W Fahrenkrug, SC AF Alexander, L. J. Juneja, B. Shiroma, D. Nonneman, D. Snelling, W. Fahrenkrug, S. C. TI Comparative and physical mapping of 111 previously reported and 105 new porcine microsatellites SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE microsatellite; pig; porcine; radiation hybrid mapping; swine; synteny ID RADIATION HYBRID MAP; HIGH-RESOLUTION; HUMAN GENOME; CONSTRUCTION; INTEGRATION; VERTEBRATE; ORTHOLOGS; ELEMENTS; PIGS AB Here we report radiation hybrid mapping of 105 new porcine microsatellite markers on the IMpRH(7000) radiation hybrid panel. In addition, we searched flanking sequences of these markers, as well as 673 previously reported RH-mapped microsatellite markers, for orthology to human sequences. Eighty-seven new and 111 previously mapped sequences exhibited orthology to human sequences. Using a stringent sequence alignment, 25 microsatellite-flanking sequences were found to be highly similar to genic sequences, whereas 173 were similar to non-genic sequences in the human genome. Five markers were located near known breakpoints of synteny between human and swine. C1 USDA ARS, LARRL, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Alexander, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, LARRL, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM lee.alexander@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 38 IS 6 BP 584 EP 594 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01651.x PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 236TZ UT WOS:000251327600006 PM 17953724 ER PT J AU Macdonald, GJ Wise, TH Sluss, PM Ford, JJ AF Macdonald, G. J. Wise, T. H. Sluss, P. M. Ford, J. J. TI Breed differences in clearance of porcine FSH in hypophysectomized rats SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE swine; porcine follicle-stimulating hormone; assays; testosterone ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; CHINESE MEISHAN; IN-VITRO; PITUITARY; PROLACTIN; HETEROGENEITY; CASTRATION; SECRETION; ISOFORMS AB Extracts of anterior pituitary (AP) glands were infused i.v. into hypophysectomized male rats followed by sequential sampling of blood for 120 min. Determination of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations established that FSH from Chinese Meishan males decreased in the circulation of rats more slowly than FSH in extracts of AP from crossbred occidental pigs (P < 0.003). Additionally, FSH from AP extracts of castrated males disappeared somewhat more slowly (P < (1.06) than FSH from extracts of boars. Evaluation of FSH by bioassay and radioimmunoassay yielded similar concentrations in AP from Meishan and crossbred boars. Serum testosterone concentrations increased with time through 90 min after infusion of AP, but the rate of increase of testosterone was not related to amount of luteinizing hormone (LH) that was administered indicating LH receptor saturation. Unexpectedly, the rate of increase in testosterone was more rapid with AP extracts from boars than with extracts from castrated males. Observations from the current study imply structural alterations of FSH in the AP of Meishan males relative to crossbred males allowing sustained concentrations in the circulation, and this FSH possesses similar activation of the FSH receptor. The amount of LH in the AP extracts saturated the LH receptors of the hypophysectomized male rats, but some factor in extracts of boars differed from those of castrated males. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Neurosci & Cell Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Reprod Endocrine Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Ford, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM joe.ford@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 102 IS 3-4 BP 328 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.03.008 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 229KP UT WOS:000250802100016 PM 17418509 ER PT J AU Cullen, K Watson, K Ralston, K Zakeri, I AF Cullen, Karen Watson, Kathy Ralston, Katherine Zakeri, Issa TI THE TEXAS PUBLIC SCHOOL NUTRITION POLICY POSITIVELY IMPACTS MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENT DIETARY INTAKES SO ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cullen, Karen; Watson, Kathy; Zakeri, Issa] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Ralston, Katherine] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. EM kcullen@bcm.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0883-6612 J9 ANN BEHAV MED JI Ann. Behav. Med. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 33 BP S16 EP S16 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 376LO UT WOS:000261185300057 ER PT J AU Jago, R Baranowski, T Baranowski, JC Cullen, KW Thompson, D AF Jago, Russell Baranowski, Tom Baranowski, Janice C. Cullen, Karen W. Thompson, Debbe TI DISTANCE TO FOOD OUTLETS AND MALE ADOLESCENT FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION: RELATIONSHIPS & LIMITED MEDIATION BY DIETARY PSYCHOSOCIAL VARIABLES SO ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jago, Russell] Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TP, Avon, England. [Baranowski, Tom; Baranowski, Janice C.; Cullen, Karen W.; Thompson, Debbe] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM russ.jago@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0883-6612 J9 ANN BEHAV MED JI Ann. Behav. Med. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 33 BP S74 EP S74 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 376LO UT WOS:000261185300288 ER PT J AU Kim, KH Jo, CH Simpson, P Gossett, J McCabe-Sellers, B Johnson, G Mcgee, B Prewitt, E Hyman, E Thornton, A Bogle, M AF Kim, Karen H. Jo, Chan-hee Simpson, Pippa Gossett, Jeffrey McCabe-Sellers, Beverly Johnson, Glenda Mcgee, Bernestine Prewitt, Elaine Hyman, Edith Thornton, Alma Bogle, Margaret TI RELIGION AND BODY WEIGHT IN THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA SO ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kim, Karen H.; Prewitt, Elaine] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Jo, Chan-hee; Simpson, Pippa; Gossett, Jeffrey] Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Res Inst, Delta NIRI Data Analyt Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [McCabe-Sellers, Beverly; Bogle, Margaret] ARS, USDA, Delta NIRI, SPA, Little Rock, AR USA. [Hyman, Edith] Univ Arkansas Pine Bluff, Little Rock, AR USA. [Johnson, Glenda; Mcgee, Bernestine] Southern Univ & A&M Coll, Little Rock, AR USA. [Thornton, Alma] So Univ Baton Rouge, Little Rock, AR USA. EM khk@uams.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0883-6612 J9 ANN BEHAV MED JI Ann. Behav. Med. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 33 BP S49 EP S49 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 376LO UT WOS:000261185300187 ER PT J AU Linden, KG Thurston, J Schaefer, R Malley, JP AF Linden, Karl G. Thurston, Jeanette Schaefer, Raymond Malley, James P., Jr. TI Enhanced UV inactivation of adenoviruses under polychromatic UV lamps SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT; WATER AB Adenovirus is recognized as the most UV-resistant waterborne pathogen of concern to public health microbiologists. The U.S. EPA has stipulated that a UV fluence (dose) of 186 mJ cm(-2) is required for 4-log inactivation credit in water treatment. However, all adenovirus inactivation data to date published in the peer-reviewed literature have been based on UV disinfection experiments using IN irradiation at 253.7 nm produced from a conventional low-pressure UV source. The work reported here presents inactivation data for adenovirus based on polychromatic U`V sources and details the significant enhancement in inactivation achieved using these polychromatic sources. When full-spectrum, medium-pressure UV lamps were used, 4-log inactivation of adenovirus type 40 is achieved at a UV fluence of less than 60 W cm(-2) and a surface discharge pulsed UV source required a UV fluence of less than 40 mJ cm(-2). The action spectrum for adenovirus type 2 was also developed and partially explains the improved inactivation based on enhancements at wavelengths below 230 nm. Implications for water treatment, public health, and the future of UV regulations for virus disinfection are discussed. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Lincoln, NE USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NH USA. RP Linden, KG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM karl.linden@colorado.edu OI Linden, Karl G./0000-0003-4301-7227 NR 15 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 73 IS 23 BP 7571 EP 7574 DI 10.1128/AEM.01587-07 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 238UY UT WOS:000251474400011 PM 17933932 ER PT J AU Van Berkum, P Badri, Y Elia, P Aouani, ME Eardly, BD AF Van Berkum, Peter Badri, Yazid Elia, Patrick Aouani, Mohammed Elarbi Eardly, Bertrand D. TI Chromosomal and symbiotic relationships of rhizobia nodulating Medicago truncatula and M-laciniata SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINORHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SOYBEAN BRADYRHIZOBIA; PHYLOGENETIC NETWORKS; SEQUENCE; EVOLUTIONARY; POPULATION; IDENTIFICATION; SOILS; STRAINS AB Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a sequence-based method used to characterize bacterial genomes. This method was used to examine the genetic structure of Medicago-nodulating rhizobia at the Amra site, which is located in an and region of Tunisia. Here the annual medics Medicago laciniata and M. truncatula are part of the natural flora. The goal of this study was to identify whether distinct chromosomal groups of rhizobia nodulate M. laciniata because of its restricted requirement for specific rhizobia. The MLST analysis involved determination of sequence variation in 10 chromosomal loci of 74 isolates each of M. laciniata and M. truncatula. M. truncatula was used as a control trap host, because unlike M. laciniata, it has relatively unrestricted rhizobial requirements. Allelic diversity among the plasmid nodC alleles in the isolates was also determined. The 148 isolates were placed into 26 chromosomal sequence types (STs), only 3 of which had been identified previously. The rhizobia of M. laciniata were shown to be part of the general Medicago-nodulating population in the soil because 99.95% of the isolates had chromosomal genotypes similar to those recovered from M. truncatula. However, the isolates recovered from M. laciniata were less diverse than those recovered from M. truncatula, and they also harbored an unusual nodC allele. This could perhaps be best explained by horizontal transfer of the different nodC alleles among members of the Medicago-nodulating rhizobial population at the field site. Evidence indicating a history of lateral transfer of rhizobial symbiotic genes across distinct chromosomal backgrounds is provided. C1 USDA, ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Biotechnol, Technopole Borj Cedria, Lab Interact Legumineuses Microorgan, Hammam 2050, Tunisia. Penn State Berks Coll, Reading, PA 19610 USA. RP Van Berkum, P (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, HH-4, Bldg 010, 10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM peter.vanberkum@ars.usda.gov OI Aouani, Mohamed Elarbi/0000-0001-9502-7203 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 73 IS 23 BP 7597 EP 7604 DI 10.1128/AEM.01046-07 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 238UY UT WOS:000251474400015 PM 17921275 ER PT J AU Plengvidhya, V Breidt, F Lu, Z Fleming, HP AF Plengvidhya, Vethachai Breidt, Fredrick, Jr. Lu, Zhongjing Fleming, Henry P. TI DNA fingerpnntmg of lactic acid bacteria in sauerkraut fermentations SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP-NOV.; WEISSELLA; IDENTIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION; FOOD; PCR AB Previous studies using traditional biochemical identification methods to study the ecology of commercial sauerkraut fermentations revealed that four species of lactic acid bacteria, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactobacillus brevis, were the primary microorganisms in these fermentations. In this study, 686 isolates were collected from four commercial fermentations and analyzed by DNA fingerprinting. The results indicate that the species of lactic acid bacteria present in sauerkraut fermentations are more diverse than previously reported and include Leuconostoc citreum, Leuconostoc argentinum, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Lactobacillus coryniformis, and Weissella sp. The newly identified species Leuconostoc fallax was also found. Unexpectedly, only two isolates of P. pentosaceus and 15 isolates of L. brevis were recovered during this study. A better understanding of the microbiota may aid in the development of low-salt fermentations, which may have altered microflora and altered sensory characteristics. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Breidt, F (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Food Sci, 322 Schaub Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM fred.breidt@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 73 IS 23 BP 7697 EP 7702 DI 10.1128/AEM.01342-07 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 238UY UT WOS:000251474400025 PM 17921264 ER PT J AU Guard-Bouldin, J Morales, CA Frye, JG Gast, RK Musgrove, M AF Guard-Bouldin, Jean Morales, Cesar A. Frye, Jonathan G. Gast, Richard K. Musgrove, Michael TI Detection of Salmonella enterica Subpopulations by phenotype Microarray antibiotic resistance patterns SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS; SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; PHAGE TYPE-4; PREVALENCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; HUMANS; SURVEILLANCE; EMERGENCE; CHICKENS AB Three strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis were compared to Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg, Salmonella enterica serotype Newport, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium for growth in the presence of 240 antibiotics arranged within a commercial high-throughput phenotype microarray. The results show that antibiotic resistances were different for subpopulations of serotype Enteritidis separated only by genetic drift. C1 USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA, BEAR, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Guard-Bouldin, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Jean.Guard.Bouldin@ars.usda.gov RI Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013 OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 73 IS 23 BP 7753 EP 7756 DI 10.1128/AEM.01228-07 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 238UY UT WOS:000251474400034 PM 17965201 ER PT J AU Pan, Y Breidt, F AF Pan, Y. Breidt, F., Jr. TI Enumeration of viable Listeria monocytogenes cells by real-time PCR with propidium monoazide and ethidium monoazide in the presence of dead cells SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; 5'-NUCLEASE PCR; BACTERIA; DIFFERENTIATION; QUANTIFICATION; BIOFILMS; INNOCUA; ARCHAEA; IAP; DNA AB Propidium monoazide (PMA) and ethidium monoazide were used for enumeration of viable Listeria monocytogenes cells in the presence of dead cells. PMA had no antimicrobial effect on L. monocytogenes. Viable cell counts were linearly related to real-time PCR threshold cycle values for PMA-treated cells from planktonic and biofilm sources over a 4-log range. C1 [Pan, Y.; Breidt, F., Jr.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Microbiol, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Breidt, F (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Microbiol, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Fred.Breidt@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 152 Z9 160 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 73 IS 24 BP 8028 EP 8031 DI 10.1128/AEM.01198-07 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 244YV UT WOS:000251902300030 PM 17933922 ER PT J AU Mellon, JE Cotty, PJ Dowd, MK AF Mellon, Jay E. Cotty, Peter J. Dowd, Michael K. TI Aspergillus flavus hydrolases: their roles in pathogenesis and substrate utilization SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Aspergillus flavus; hydrolases; pathogenesis; nutrient capture; saprophytic ID ELASTINOLYTIC PROTEINASE; AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; SERINE PROTEINASE; MAIZE KERNELS; ALPHA-AMYLASE; CORN KERNELS; COTTON BOLLS; EXPRESSION; GENE; POLYGALACTURONASE AB Aspergillus flavus is a fungus that principally obtains resources for growth in a saprophytic mode. Yet, it also possesses the characteristics of an opportunistic pathogen with a wide, non-specific host range (plants, animals, and insects). It has attained a high level of agricultural significance due to production of the carcinogen aflatoxin, which significantly reduces the value of contaminated crops. To access a large variety of nutrient substrates and penetrate host tissues, A. flavus possesses the capacity to produce numerous extracellular hydrolases. Most work on A. flavus hydrolases has focused on the serine and metalloproteinases, pectinase P2c, and amylase. Many hydrolases are presumed to function in polymer degradation and nutrient capture, but the regulation of hydrolase secretion is complex and substrate dependent. Proteinases are employed not only to help access protein substrates, such as elastin that is found in mammals and insects, but may also play roles in fungal defense and virulence. Secretion of the endopolygalacturonase P2c is strongly correlated with isolate virulence (against plants) and maceration of cotton boll tissues. In some hosts, secretion of alpha-amylase is critical for starch digestion and may play a critical role in induction of aflatoxin biosynthesis. Despite a significant body of work, much remains to be learned about hydrolase production and utilization by A. flavus. This information may be critical for the formulation of successful strategies to control aflatoxin contamination in affected commodities. C1 USDA ARS, Southern Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Univ Arizona, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Mellon, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Southern Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM jmellon@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 77 IS 3 BP 497 EP 504 DI 10.1007/s00253-007-1201-8 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 230LR UT WOS:000250878500001 PM 17938911 ER PT J AU Chang, PK Wilkinson, JR Horn, BW Yu, J Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE AF Chang, Perng-Kuang Wilkinson, Jeffery R. Horn, Bruce W. Yu, Jiujiang Bhatnagar, Deepak Cleveland, Thomas E. TI Genes differentially expressed by Aspergillus flavus strains after loss of aflatoxin production by serial transfers SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; SECTION FLAVI; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MYCOTOXIN PRODUCTION; SCLEROTIA PRODUCTION; SIGNALING PATHWAY; WATER ACTIVITY; PARASITICUS; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Aflatoxins are carcinogenic fungal secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and other closely related species. Levels of aflatoxins in agricultural commodities are stringently regulated by many countries because of the health hazard, and thus, aflatoxins are of major concern to both producers and consumers. A cluster of genes responsible for aflatoxin biosynthesis has been identified; however, expression of these genes is a complex and poorly understood phenomenon. To better understand the molecular events that are associated with aflatoxin production, three separate nonaflatoxigenic A. flavus strains were produced through serial transfers of aflatoxigenic parental strains. The three independent aflatoxigenic/nonaflatoxigenic pairs were compared via transcription profiling by microarray analyses. Cross comparisons identified 22 features in common between the aflatoxigenic/nonaflatoxigenic pairs. Physical mapping of the 22 features using the Aspergillus oryzae genome sequence for reference identified 16 unique genes. Aflatoxin biosynthetic and regulatory gene expression levels were not significantly different between the aflatoxigenic/nonaflatoxigenic pairs, which suggests that the inability to produce aflatoxins is not due to decreased expression of known biosynthetic or regulatory genes. Of the 16 in common genes, only one gene homologous to glutathione S-transferase genes showed higher expression in the nonaflatoxigenic progeny relative to the parental strains. This gene, named hcc, was selected for overexpression in an aflatoxigenic A. flavus strain to determine if it was directly responsible for loss of aflatoxin production. Although hcc transformants showed six- to ninefold increase in expression, no discernible changes in colony morphology or aflatoxin production were detected. Possible roles of hcc and other identified genes are discussed in relation to regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA USA. RP Chang, PK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM pkchang@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 77 IS 4 BP 917 EP 925 DI 10.1007/s00253-007-1224-1 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 233KX UT WOS:000251090900020 PM 17955191 ER PT J AU Al Rwahnih, M Uyemoto, JK Falk, BW Rowhani, A AF Al Rwahnih, M. Uyemoto, J. K. Falk, B. W. Rowhani, A. TI Molecular characterization and detection of plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associated virus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRAND RNA VIRUSES; RT-PCR; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; CLOSTEROVIRUS; PROTEINS; IDENTIFICATION; CONSERVATION; EVOLUTION; DOMAIN; PLANTS AB The complete RNA genome of plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associated virus (PBNSPaV) was cloned and sequenced and was determined to be 14, 214 nts long. The genome structure revealed seven major open reading frames (ORFs), and nontranslated regions at the 5 ' and 3 ' ends. PBNSPaV represents the simplest genome organization in the genus Ampelovirus, family Closteroviridae. The ORFs 1a and 1b encode, respectively, a large polyprotein with a molecular mass (M-r) of 259.6kDa containing conserved domains characteristic of a papain-like protease, methyltransferase and helicase (ORF1a) and a 64.1-kDa protein of eight conserved motifs characteristic of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) (ORF1b). ORF1b is presumably expressed via a +1 ribosomal frameshift mechanism. ORF2 encodes a small 6.3-kDa hydrophobic protein of unknown function. ORF3 encodes a 57.4-kDa protein, a homologue of the HSP70 family of heat shock proteins. ORF4 encodes a 61.6-kDa protein with unknown function. ORF5 encodes a 35.9-kDa capsid protein (CP). Lastly, ORF6 encodes a 25.2-kDa minor capsid protein (CPm). Phylogenetic analyses performed on sequences of the HSP70h RdRp and CP support classification of the virus in the genus Ampelovirus. A real-time TaqMan (R) RT-PCR assay and a one-step RT-PCR were developed for PBNSPaV detection and compared using three different sample preparation methods. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA USA. RP Rowhani, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM akrowhani@ucdavis.edu NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 152 IS 12 BP 2197 EP 2206 DI 10.1007/s00705-007-1064-4 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 237NG UT WOS:000251380700005 PM 17885796 ER PT J AU Spokas, K King, J Wang, D Papiernik, S AF Spokas, K. King, J. Wang, D. Papiernik, S. TI Effects of soil fumigants on methanotrophic activity SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE methanotrophs; enhanced biodegradation; fumigation history; methane oxidation ID METHANE-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; METHYL-BROMIDE; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; LAND-USE; AGRICULTURAL SOIL; FOREST SOIL; ENHANCED BIODEGRADATION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; CH4 OXIDATION; FUMIGATION AB Negative impacts on methane (CH(4)) oxidation capacity have already been observed for a variety of agronomic practices, but the effect of soil fumigation on CH(4) oxidation has not been investigated. Fumigation is a common practice in agricultural crop and nursery seedling protection. Soils from various agricultural experiment stations, forest nurseries, and a landfill were evaluated for effects of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), methyl isothiocyanate (MITC), and chloropicrin (CP) on CH(4) oxidation capacities. All three fumigants significantly reduced CH(4) oxidation rates in historically non-fumigated soils (> 50%). 1,3-D enhanced CH(4) oxidation in 3 out of 5 previously fumigated soils and MITC increased CH(4) oxidation rates in all historically MITC-fumigated soils compared to controls. CP universally decreased oxidation capacity regardless of fumigation history. These results support the conclusion that CH(4) oxidation effects are fumigant specific and that prior fumigation history plays a vital role in determining the impact on CH(4) oxidizer community functionality, which may have implications on the global CH(4) cycle. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Spokas, K.; Papiernik, S.] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [King, J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [King, J.] Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Wang, D.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Spokas, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM kurt.spokas@ars.usda.gov RI King, Jennifer Y./I-5986-2015; Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016 OI King, Jennifer Y./0000-0003-3433-5952; Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959 NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 37 BP 8150 EP 8162 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.028 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 243XC UT WOS:000251829600013 ER PT J AU Caut, S Casanovas, JG Virgos, E Lozano, J Witmer, GW Courchamp, F AF Caut, Stephane Casanovas, Jorge G. Virgos, Emilio Lozano, Jorge Witmer, Gary W. Courchamp, Franck TI Rats dying for mice: Modelling the competitor release effect SO AUSTRAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alien predator control; biological invasion; competing rodent; control strategy; introduced mammal ID NORTHERN OFFSHORE ISLANDS; 1080 POISON OPERATION; RATTUS-EXULANS PEALE; NEW-ZEALAND; MUS-MUSCULUS; NONTARGET ANIMALS; HOUSE MICE; POPULATION-DENSITY; PUREORA FOREST; SMALL MAMMALS AB Introduced vertebrate predators are one of the most important threats to endemic species throughout a range of ecosystems, in particular on islands in biodiversity hot spots. Consequently, the reduction of predator numbers is considered a key conservation action in the management of many native vertebrates vulnerable to predators. It is now established that control attempts may affect non-target species through trophic interactions, but little is known concerning their consequences on competitive relationships. We study a mathematical model mimicking the effects of controlling introduced species in the presence of their competitors. We used two competing rodents to illustrate our study: black rats, Rattus rattus, and mice, Mus musculus. Analyses of the model show that control of only one introduced species logically results in the dramatic increase of the overlooked competitor. We present empirical data that confirm our theoretical predictions. Less intuitively, this process, which we term 'the competitor release effect', may also occur when both introduced competitors are simultaneously controlled. In our setting, controlling both predators can promote their coexistence. This occurs as soon as the inferior competitor benefits from the differential effect of the simultaneous control of both competitors, that is, when the indirect positive effect of control (the removal of their competitors) exceeds its direct negative effect (their own removal). Both control levels and target specificity have a direct influence on the extent of this process: counter-intuitively, the stronger and more specific the control, the greater the effect. The theoretical validation of the competitor release effect has important implications in conservation, especially for control management. C1 Univ Paris 11, CNRS, UMR 8079, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Complutense Madrid, Dynam Syst Grp, Fac Biol Sci, Dept Ecol, Mostoles, Spain. Univ Rey Juan Carlos, ESCET, Dept Mat Fis Aplicada & Ciencias Nat, Mostoles, Spain. USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Courchamp, F (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, CNRS, UMR 8079, Bat 362, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM franck.courchamp@u-psud.fr OI Courchamp, Franck/0000-0001-7605-4548 NR 70 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1442-9985 EI 1442-9993 J9 AUSTRAL ECOL JI Austral Ecol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 32 IS 8 BP 858 EP 868 DI 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2007.01770.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 228VM UT WOS:000250760700003 ER PT J AU Gast, RK AF Gast, Richard K. TI Serotype-Specific and Serotype-Independent Strategies for Preharvest Control of Food-Borne Salmonella in Poultry SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Review DE Salmonella; poultry; vaccination; testing; competitive exclusion; risk reduction ID ENTERICA-SEROVAR-ENTERITIDIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION TREATMENT; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PHAGE TYPE-4 INFECTION; COMMERCIAL LAYER FLOCKS; NEWLY-HATCHED CHICKS; DRAG-SWAB SAMPLES; LAYING HENS; UNITED-STATES AB Of more than 2500 identified Salmonella serotypes, only a small proportion are common in poultry flocks. However, there is an epidemiologically important connection between poultry products and human infections because many of the serotypes that are most prevalent in humans (such as Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis) are similarly common in poultry. The scope of food safety efforts for poultry products has been broadened in recent years to include more attention to animal production (or preharvest) issues. The goal of preharvest poultry food safety is to minimize opportunities for the introduction, persistence, and transmission of flock infections with Salmonella and other human pathogens. This objective can be pursued either by general strategies directed against all Salmonella serotypes (and in some instances against other pathogenic microorganisms as well) or by more specific strategies that are designed to act with precision against particular Salmonella serotypes with distinctive public health or economic significance. Risk assessment studies have recommended intervention at multiple steps in the farm-to-table continuum as the most productive overall approach. A comprehensive quality assurance strategy, encompassing both broadly based risk-reduction practices and targeted testing to detect pathogens of concern, has been associated with a lower incidence of Salmonella Enteritidis infections in both egg-laying flocks and humans in a number of countries. Although the emphasis in these types of programs is primarily on risk reduction, testing provides essential verification of the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of risk-reduction practices (and identifies flocks infected with uniquely problematic serotypes). Vaccination can enhance the short-term responsiveness of control programs to address problems involving specific serotypes of elevated significance. C1 USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gast, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM richard.gast@ars.usda.gov RI Tast Lahti, Elina/R-8664-2016 NR 190 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 817 EP 828 DI 10.1637/8090-081807.1 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NF UT WOS:000260907600002 PM 18251388 ER PT J AU Lee, LF Silva, RF Cui, XP Zhang, HM Heidari, M Reddy, SM AF Lee, Lucy F. Silva, Robert F. Cui, Xiaoping Zhang, Huanmin Heidari, Mohammad Reddy, Sanjay M. TI Characterization of LORF11, a Unique Gene Common to the Three Marek's Disease Virus Serotypes SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease virus; open reading frame; LORF11; unique gene; essential gene ID TRANSFORMED-CELLS; PP38; MEQ; HERPESVIRUS; GENOME; DNA; CULTURE; MAINTENANCE; EXPANSION; CHICKENS AB The unique open reading frame 11 (LORF11) of Marek's disease virus (MDV) is present in all three serotypes of MDV and is located in the unique long region of the MDV genome. In the serotype 1 Md5 genome, LORF11 comprises 2711 nucleotides and encodes a predicted protein of 903 amino acids. In order to study the biological function of LORF11 we deleted it from the MDV cosmid A6 by using the RecA-assisted restriction endonuclease cleavage method. The recombinant cosmid, A6 Delta LORF11, was transfected into duck embryo fibroblasts (DEF) in conjunction with parental SN5, P89, SN16, and B40 cosmid clones. Recombinant rMd5 Delta LORF11 plaques were evident at 12-13 days after transfection. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of DEF cells infected with rMd5 Delta LORF11 viruses confirmed the deletion of a 2.57-kb fragment resulting in a 296-bp fragment. Three rMd5 Delta LORF11 mutants were generated and their biological functions were studied in vitro and in vivo. In vitro growth characteristics of rMd5 Delta LORF11 viruses were similar to those of parental rMd5, indicating that LORF11 is not essential for replication in vitro. In vivo studies of rMd5 Delta LORF11 mutants showed that they were impaired in viral replication in the lymphoid organs and had 1003 lower viremia than chickens infected with the parental rMd5 virus. Furthermore, rMd5-infected chickens horizontally transmitted the virus to contact controls whereas no horizontal transmission occurred in rMd5 Delta LORF11-infected chickens. Three independent deletion mutants were tested and showed the same phenotypes, so it is unlikely that the observed phenotype is because of any random mutation in the genome. Therefore the LORF11 gene of MDV is essential for normal virus replication in chickens and deletion of LORF11 renders an attenuated virus. C1 [Lee, Lucy F.; Silva, Robert F.; Zhang, Huanmin; Heidari, Mohammad; Reddy, Sanjay M.] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Cui, Xiaoping] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Reddy, Sanjay M.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Lee, LF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM leelu@msu.edu NR 36 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 851 EP 857 DI 10.1637/7956-022307-REGR.1 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NF UT WOS:000260907600007 PM 18251393 ER PT J AU Evans, JD Leigh, SA Branton, SL Collier, SD AF Evans, J. D. Leigh, S. A. Branton, S. L. Collier, S. D. TI Effects of Increased Dosages of the Mycoplasma gallisepticum Vaccine MYCOVAC-L (R) in Layer Chickens Subsequently Challenged with Virulent M. gallisepticum: Egg Production and Serologic Response SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Mycoplasma gallisepticum; vaccination; vaccine; MYCOVAC-L (R); live vaccine; egg production ID SIZE DISTRIBUTION; LIVE VACCINE; LAYING CYCLE; STRAIN; SYNOVIAE; POULTRY; PROTECTION; EFFICACY; SAFETY; MUTANT AB Ten-week-old Hy-Line Commercial W-36 pullets were spray-vaccinated with MYCOVAC-L (R) at the manufacturer's recommended dosage (1X) or at 15 times that rate (15X). At 22 or 45 wk of age, subsets of 1X-and 15X-vaccinated pullets were challenged with the virulent Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) strain R-low. Percent hen-day egg production was determined through week 55. Analyses for treatment effects on overall (22-56 wk) percent hen-day egg production revealed no significant differences between nonchallenged 1X and nonchallenged 15X MYCOVAC-L (R) treatments. Among 1X MYCOVAC-L (R)-vaccinated groups, R-low challenge at 45 wk corresponded to significantly (P <= 0.01) lower overall egg production compared with the unchallenged 13-vaccinated control (70.88% vs. 79.15%, respectively). Conversely, at the 153 MYCOVAC-L (R) dosage level, overall egg production was not significantly affected by virulent MG challenge at 45 wk compared with its unchallenged counterpart (84.09% vs. 81.03%, respectively) and could indicate increased protection from virulent MG challenge. Serologic monitoring indicated the virulent MG challenge was consistently (100%) associated with seroconversion. Comparisons among the nonchallenged experimental treatments indicated that vaccinations at the 153 MYCOVAC-L (R) dosage rate were associated with a greater seroconversion rate at weeks 21, 27, and 44, but not at week 50. C1 [Evans, J. D.; Leigh, S. A.; Branton, S. L.; Collier, S. D.] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jdevans@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 912 EP 917 DI 10.1637/7931-020807-REGR2.1 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 372NF UT WOS:000260907600016 PM 18251402 ER PT J AU Whitcomb, RF Tully, JG Gasparich, GE Regassa, LB Williamson, DL French, FE AF Whitcomb, Robert F. Tully, Joseph G. Gasparich, Gail E. Regassa, Laura B. Williamson, David L. French, Frank E. TI Spiroplasma species in the Costa Rican highlands: implications for biogeography and biodiversity SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Costa Rica; diversity; Georgia; horse flies; latitude; spiroplasma; tabanidae ID AD-HOC-COMMITTEE; GENUS SPIROPLASMA; MYCOPLASMA-HOMINIS; NORTH-AMERICA; GROUP-VIII; TABANIDAE; DIPTERA; CLASSIFICATION; STRAINS; HETEROGENEITY AB More than 1,000 Spiroplasma isolates have been obtained from horse flies and deer flies (Diptera:Tabanidae) in the United States and Canada. However, the spiroplasma biota of Central America is poorly known. In August of 1995 and 1998, 13 isolates were obtained in 14 attempts from horse flies of a single species, Poeciloderas quadripunctatus, taken in the Costa Rican highlands (1,100-2,000 m). The majority of the "isolates" proved to be mixtures of two or more Spiroplasma species, but after filter cloning, single strains emerged that were designated as representatives of the 13 accessions. Six distinct spiroplasma serogroups were identified from these isolations. Three of the strains are putative new species with no serological relationship to any other Spiroplasma species. A fourth strain is a putative new species that may be distantly related to S. helicoides, a southeastern U.S. species. These four strains are accorded herein status as representatives of new serogroups: strain BARC 4886 (group XXXV); strain BARC 4900 (group XXXVI); strain BARC 4908 (group XXXVII); and GSU5450 (group XXXVIII). A fifth Spiroplasma species was very closely related to S. lineolae, known previously only from the Georgia (U.S.) coast. The sixth was most closely related to subgroup VIII-3, known from Texas and the southeastern U.S. Discovery of six spiroplasma species in only 13 attempted isolations reflects diversity seldom equaled in southeast Georgia, and never elsewhere in the U.S. These results are consistent with a hypothesis that spiroplasma diversity increases from north (Nova Scotia) to south (Georgia and Costa Rica). The discovery of significant affinity between some spiroplasmas of the southeastern U.S. and the Costa Rican highlands was unexpected, but may reflect a climatically complex Pleistocene history. C1 USDA, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Inst Allergy & Infect Dis, Frederick Canc Res Facil, Mol Microbiol Lab, Mycoplasma Sect, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Towson Univ, Dept Biol, Towson, MD 21252 USA. Georgia So Univ, Inst Arthropodol & Parasitol, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anatom Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Whitcomb, RF (reprint author), PO Box 1148, Patagonia, AZ 85624 USA. EM whitcomb@dakotacom.net NR 71 TC 3 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 13 BP 3877 EP 3894 DI 10.1007/s10531-007-9197-z PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 222ML UT WOS:000250301400012 ER PT J AU Suzuki, N Olson, DH AF Suzuki, Nobuya Olson, Deanna H. TI Options for biodiversity conservation in managed forest landscapes of multiple ownerships in Oregon and Washington, USA SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE forest certification; forest practices rules; habitat conservation Plans; matrix; nonfederal lands; Northwest Forest Plan; regulatory incentives; reserves; voluntary incentives; United States ID KLAMATH-SISKIYOU ECOREGION; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WESTERN OREGON; OLD-GROWTH; RIPARIAN; PLANS; REGIMES; AREAS; ECOSYSTEMS AB We examine existing and developing approaches to balance biodiversity conservation and timber production with the changing conservation roles of federal and nonfederal forest land ownerships in the US Pacific Northwest. At landscape scales, implementation of the reserve-matrix approach of the federal Northwest Forest Plan in 1994 was followed by proposals of alternative designs to better integrate disturbance regimes or to conserve biodiversity in landscapes of predominantly young forests through active management without reserves. At stand scales, landowners can improve habitat heterogeneity through a host of conventional and alternative silvicultural techniques. There are no state rules that explicitly require biodiversity conservation on nonfederal lands in the region. However, state forest practices rules require retention of structural legacies to enhance habitat complexity and establishment of riparian management areas to conserve aquatic ecosystems. Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) under the US Endangered Species Act provide regulatory incentives for nonfederal landowners to protect threatened and endangered species. A state-wide programmatic HCP has recently emerged as a multi-species conservation approach on nonfederal lands. Among voluntary incentives, the Forest Stewardship Council certification comprehensively addresses fundamental elements of biodiversity conservation; however, its tough conservation requirements may limit its coverage to relatively small land areas. Future changes in landscape management strategies on federal lands may occur without coordination with nonfederal landowners because of the differences in regulatory and voluntary incentives between ownerships. This raises concerns when potentially reduced protections on federal lands are proposed, and the capacity of the remaining landscape to compensate has been degraded. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Suzuki, N (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM nobi.suzuki@oregonstate.edu NR 77 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 13 BP 3895 EP 3917 DI 10.1007/s10531-007-9198-y PG 23 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 222ML UT WOS:000250301400013 ER PT J AU de Faria, MR Wraight, SP AF de Faria, Marcos R. Wraight, Stephen P. TI Mycoinsecticides and Mycoacaricides: A comprehensive list with worldwide coverage and international classification of formulation types SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE entomopathogenic fungi; mycopesticides; mycoinsecticides; mycoacaricides; formulations; microbial control; augmentation; IPM ID FUNGUS BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CROP-PROTECTION; EFFICACY; COLEOPTERA; PROSTRATA; REVISION; TUBULIN AB A substantial number of mycoinsecticides and mycoacaricides have been developed worldwide since the 1960s. Here we present an updated, comprehensive list of these products. At least 12 species or subspecies (varieties) of fungi have been employed as active ingredients of mycoinsecticides and mycoacaricides for inundative and inoculative applications, although some are no longer in use. Products based on Beauveria bassiana (33.9%), Metarhizium anisopliae (33.9%), Isaria fumosorosea (5.8%), and B. brongniartii (4. 1%) are the most common among the 171 products presented in this paper. Approximately 75% of all listed products are currently registered, undergoing registration or commercially available (in some cases without registration), whereas 15% are no longer available. We were unable to determine the status of the remaining 10%. Insects in the orders Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Thysanoptera, and Orthoptera comprise most of the targets, distributed among at least 48 families. A total of 28 products are claimed to control acarines (mites and ticks) in at least 4 families, although only three products (all based on Hirsutella thompsonii) were exclusively developed as acaricides. Eleven different technical grade active ingredients or formulation types have been identified, with technical concentrates (fungus-colonized substrates) (26.3%), wettable powders (20.5%) and oil dispersions (15.2%) being most common. Approximately 43% of all products were developed by South American companies and institutions. Currently, what may be the largest single microbial control program using fungi involves the use of M. anisopliae for control of spittlebugs (Cercopidae) in South American sugarcane and pastures. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Embrapa Recursos Genet & Biotecnol, BR-70849970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP de Faria, MR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mrf39@cornell.edu RI Faria, Marcos/E-1446-2012 OI Faria, Marcos/0000-0001-9420-0916 NR 69 TC 345 Z9 373 U1 14 U2 123 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 237 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.08.001 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 238IV UT WOS:000251441800001 ER PT J AU Badenes-Perez, FR Johnson, MT AF Badenes-Perez, Francisco R. Johnson, M. Tracy TI Ecology and impact of Allorhogas sp (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) and Apion sp (Coleoptera : Curculionoidea) on fruits of Miconia calvescens DC (Melastomataceae) in Brazil SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Miconia calvescens; phytophagous gall wasp; Allorhogas Apion; weed management; seed; fruit size ID MATRICARIA-PERFORATA MERAT; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; ULEX-EUROPAEUS; HOST-SPECIFICITY; ULICIS FORSTER; SEED WEEVIL; GORSE SEED; ESTABLISHMENT; ASTERACEAE; CHILE AB Two fruit-feeding insects, a gall wasp, Allorhogas sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and a beetle, Apion sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea), were evaluated in their native habitat in Brazil as potential biological control agents of Miconia calvescens DC (Melastomataceae). Allorhogas sp. occurred at two out of three field sites with native populations of M. calvescens, and Apion sp. occurred at all three sites. Both species exhibited aggregated distributions among M. calvescens trees sampled at each site. A llorhogas sp. infested 9.0% and 3.8% of fruits at each of two sites. The number of larvae and pupae of Allorhogas sp. and/or an unidentified parasitoid (Hymenopetera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae) ranged from one to five per infested fruit. Fruits infested with Allorhogas sp. were 20% larger and had 79% fewer seeds than healthy fruits. Although adults of Apion sp. were found on leaves and inflorescences of M. calvescens at all three sites, larvae and pupae were found in fruits at only one site, where a maximum of 1.4% of fruits were infested. Fruits infested by Apion sp. contained only one larva or pupa, and were 15% smaller and had 62% fewer seeds than healthy fruits. While a variety of apionids have been used for biological control in the past, this is the first time a braconid wasp has been considered for biological control of a weed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Islands Forestry, PSW Res Stn, Volcano, HI 96785 USA. RP Badenes-Perez, FR (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem Ecol, Dept Entomol, Hans Knoell Str 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany. EM fbadenes-perez@ice.mpg.de RI Badenes-Perez, Francisco/K-9722-2014 OI Badenes-Perez, Francisco/0000-0002-8954-7920 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.08.007 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 238IV UT WOS:000251441800009 ER PT J AU Knight, KS Kurylo, JS Endress, AG Stewart, JR Reich, PB AF Knight, Kathleen S. Kurylo, Jessica S. Endress, Anton G. Stewart, J. Ryan Reich, Peter B. TI Ecology and ecosystem impacts of common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica): a review SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Review DE allelopathy; buckthorn; competition; dispersal; growth; invasive; nitrogen; reproduction; Rhamnus cathartica ID SHRUB EUROPEAN BUCKTHORN; INVASIVE SHRUB; SECONDARY METABOLITE; SOUTHERN WISCONSIN; SOIL PROPERTIES; NATIVE SHRUBS; CARBON GAIN; TREE; GROWTH; EARTHWORMS AB In this review, we synthesize the current knowledge of the ecology and impacts of Rhamnus cathartica L., a shrub from Europe and Asia that is a successful invader in North America. Physiological studies have uncovered traits including shade tolerance, rapid growth, high photosynthetic rates, a wide tolerance of moisture and drought, and an unusual phenology that may give R. cathartica an advantage in the environments it invades. Its high fecundity, bird-dispersed fruit, high germination rates, seedling success in disturbed conditions, and secondary metabolite production may also contribute to its ability to rapidly increase in abundance and impact ecosystems. R. cathartica impacts ecosystems through changes in soil N, elimination of the leaf litter layer, possible facilitation of earthworm invasions, unsubstantiated effects on native plants through allelopathy or competition, and effects on animals that may or may not be able to use it for food or habitat. C1 USDA, Forest Serv Northern Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Div Ecol & Conservat Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Knight, KS (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv Northern Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM Laca0023@umn.edu NR 79 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 26 U2 195 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD DEC PY 2007 VL 9 IS 8 BP 925 EP 937 DI 10.1007/s10530-007-9091-3 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 222MQ UT WOS:000250301900004 ER PT J AU Hunt, JF Ohno, T He, ZQ Honeycutt, CW Dail, DB AF Hunt, James F. Ohno, Tsutomu He, Zhongqi Honeycutt, C. Wayne Dail, D. Bryan TI Inhibition of phosphorus sorption to goethite, gibbsite, and kaolin by fresh and decomposed organic matter SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE dissolved organic matter; phosphorus; decomposition; metal oxides; sorption ID AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; IRON-OXIDE; COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION; PHOSPHATE ADSORPTION; TROPICAL SOILS; FULVIC-ACID; FRACTIONATION; MANURE; DESORPTION AB The direct effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the sorption of orthophosphate onto gibbsite, goethite, and kaolin were examined using a one-point phosphorus sorption index and the linear Tempkin isotherm model. DOM extracted from fresh and decomposed agricultural residues, as well as model organic and humic acids, were used. Changes in the chemical and sorptive characteristics of the DOM in the absence and presence of added orthophosphate (50 mg l(-1)) were also determined. For residue-derived materials, DOM sorption to all minerals correlated well with percent hydrophobicity, apparent molecular weight, and phenolic acidity in the absence of added orthophosphate. Sorption of DOM to goethite and gibbsite was significantly decreased in the presence of added P. The correlation coefficient values of percent hydrophobicity, apparent molecular weight, and phenolic acidity to sorption also declined in the presence of added P. Thus, the addition of P substantially lowered fractionation of DOM after sorption to goethite and gibbsite. In contrast, few significant P sorption-induced differences were observed in the kaolin system. According to one-point P sorption results, DOM in the form of Aldrich humic acid, oxalate, and decomposed clover and corn residue, significantly inhibited P sorption to goethite at concentrations of 50 and 200 mg total soluble carbon (C-TS l(-1)). Phosphorus sorption to gibbsite was significantly inhibited by 50 mg C-TS l(-1) derived from decomposed corn residue, fresh dairy manure residue, and oxalate solution. At 200 mg C-TS l(-1), all DOM solutions were found to inhibit P sorption to gibbsite. This study suggests that DOM inhibition of P sorption depends on the chemical properties of both the sorbent and the DOM itself. In general, DOM from decomposed organic materials inhibited P sorption to a greater extent than did DOM derived from fresh materials. This stronger inhibition highlights the importance of microbial processes in the release of soluble soil P, a key determinant of P availability to plants. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Ohno, T (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, 5722 Deering Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM ohno@maine.edu OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 52 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD DEC PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 277 EP 288 DI 10.1007/s00374-007-0202-1 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 229VD UT WOS:000250833100004 ER PT J AU Smith, JL Bell, JM Bolton, H Bailey, VL AF Smith, J. L. Bell, J. M. Bolton, H., Jr. Bailey, V. L. TI The initial rate of C substrate utilization and longer-term soil C storage SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE C storage; C-14; C priming; substrate utilization; C sequestration ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ORGANIC-MATTER; TRACE AMOUNTS; TURNOVER; GLUCOSE; DECOMPOSITION; CARBON; MINERALIZATION; MECHANISMS; CELLULOSE AB The initial reaction of microbial transformation and turnover of soil carbon inputs may influence the magnitude of longer-term net soil C storage. The objective of this study was to test the merit of the hypothesis that the more rapid substrates are initially utilized, the longer the residual products remain in the soil. We used simple model C compounds to determine their decomposition rates and persistence over time. Pure C-14 compounds of glucose, acetate, arginine, oxalate, phenylalanine, and urea were incubated in soil for 125 days at 24 degrees C. Total respired CO2 and (CO2)-C-14 was quantitatively measured every day for 15 days and residual soil C-14 after 125 days. The percent C-14 remaining in the soil after 125 days of incubation was positively and significantly correlated with the percent substrate utilized in the first day of incubation. The C-14 in the microbial biomass ranged from 4 - 15% after 15 days and declined through day 125, contributing significantly to the C-14 that evolved over the longer time period. Priming of C-12 soil organic matter (SOM) was negative at day 3 but became positive, reaching a maximum on day 12; the total increase in soil C from added substrates was greater than the primed C. The primed C came from C-12 SOM rather than the microbial biomass. This data supports the concept that the more rapidly a substrate is initially mineralized, the more persistent it will be in the soil over time. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 215 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jlsmith@wsu.edu RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011; OI Bailey, Vanessa/0000-0002-2248-8890 NR 33 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD DEC PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 315 EP 320 DI 10.1007/s00374-007-0206-x PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 229VD UT WOS:000250833100008 ER PT J AU Welch, KD Hall, JO Davis, TZ Aust, SD AF Welch, Kevin D. Hall, Jeffery O. Davis, T. Zane Aust, Steven D. TI The effect of copper deficiency on the formation of hemosiderin in sprague-dawley rats SO BIOMETALS LA English DT Article DE ferritin; ceruloplasmin; hemosiderin; copper; iron ID HEREDITARY CERULOPLASMIN DEFICIENCY; IRON-METABOLISM; MESSENGER-RNA; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE; LIVER FERRITIN; FERROXIDASE; APOFERRITIN; OXIDATION; OVERLOAD; PROTEIN AB We demonstrated previously that loading iron into ferritin via its own ferroxidase activity resulted in damage to the ferritin while ferritin loaded by ceruloplasmin, a copper-containing ferroxidase, was not damaged and had similar characteristics to native ferritin (Welch et al. (2001) Free Radic Biol Med 31:999-1006). Interestingly, it has been suggested that the formation of hemosiderin, a proposed degradation product of ferritin, is increased in animals deficient in copper. In this study, groups of rats were fed normal diets, copper deficient diets, iron supplemented diets, or copper deficient-iron supplemented diets for 60 days. Rats fed copper-deficient diets had no detectable active serum ceruloplasmin, which indicates that they were functionally copper deficient. There was a significant increase in the amount of iron in isolated hemosiderin fractions from the livers of copper-deficient rats, even more than that found in rats fed only an iron-supplemented diet. Histological analysis showed that copper-deficient rats had iron deposits (which are indicative of hemosiderin) in their hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, whereas rats fed diets sufficient in copper only had iron deposits in their Kupffer cells. Histologic evidence of iron deposition was more pronounced in rats fed diets that were deficient in copper. Additionally, sucrose density-gradient sedimentation profiles of ferritin loaded with iron in vitro via its own ferroxidase activity was found to have similarities to that of the sedimentation profile of the hemosiderin fraction from rat livers. The implications of these data for the possible mechanism of hemosiderin formation are discussed. C1 Utah State Univ, Ctr Biotechnol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Integrated BioSyst, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Aust, SD (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Ctr Biotechnol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM sdaust@cc.usu.edu NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0966-0844 J9 BIOMETALS JI Biometals PD DEC PY 2007 VL 20 IS 6 BP 829 EP 839 DI 10.1007/s10534-006-9046-7 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 224QW UT WOS:000250462500002 PM 17235666 ER PT J AU Vanotti, MB Szogi, AA Hunt, PG Millner, PD Humenik, FJ AF Vanotti, Matias B. Szogi, Ariel A. Hunt, Patrick G. Millner, Patricia D. Humenik, Frank J. TI Development of environmentally superior treatment system to replace anaerobic swine lagoons in the USA SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE manure treatment; pathogen inactivation nitrification-denitrification; phosphorous and ammonia removal; confined swine producion; piggery ID WASTE-WATER; NITRIFYING SLUDGE; MANURE; PHOSPHORUS; REMOVAL AB A full-scale treatment system for swine manure was developed to eliminate discharge to surface and ground waters and contamination of soil and groundwater by nutrients and heavy metals, along with related release of ammonia, odor, and pathogens. The system greatly increased the efficiency of liquid-solid separation by polymer injection to increase solids flocculation. Nitrogen management to reduce ammonia emissions was accomplished by passing the liquid through a module where bacteria transformed ammonia into harmlessniotrogen gas. Subsequent alkaline treatment of the wastewater in a phosphorus module precipitated phosphorus and killed pathogens. Treated wastewater was recycled to clean swine houses and for crop irrigation. The system was tested during one year in a 4400-head finishing farm as part of the Agreement between the Attorney General of North Carolina and swine producers Smithfield Foods, Premium Standard Farms and Frontline Farmers to replace traditional waste treatment anaerobic lagoons with environmentally superior technology. The on-farm system removed 97.6% of the suspended solids, 99.7% of BOD, 98.5% of TKN, 98.7% of soluble ammonia (NH4+-N),95.0% of total P, 98.7% of copper and 99.0% of zinc. It also removed 97.9% of odor compounds in the liquid and reduced pathogen indicators to non-detectable levels. Based on performance obtained, it was determined that the treatment system met the Agreement's technical performance standards that define an environmentally superior technology. These findings overall showed that cleaner alternative technologies are technically and operationally feasible and that they can have significant positive impacts on the environment and the live-stock industry. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Coastal Plain Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. USDA, ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Anim Waste Management Programs, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Vanotti, MB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Coastal Plain Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM vanotti@florence.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 98 IS 17 BP 3184 EP 3194 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.07.009 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 214PJ UT WOS:000249750300002 PM 16919936 ER PT J AU Somkuti, GA Steinberg, DH AF Somkuti, G. A. Steinberg, D. H. TI Molecular organization of plasmid pER13 in Streptococcus thermophilus SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE lactic acid bacteria; plasmid; Streptococcus thermophilus ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; ROLLING-CIRCLE REPLICATION; CRYPTIC PLASMID; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CLONING VECTORS; NATIVE PLASMID; KB PLASMID; DNA; EXPRESSION AB Molecular features of the 4139-bp plasmid pER13 found in the dairy fermentation bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus ST113 include five open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3 encode proteins for transcriptional repression (CopG), replication (RepB) and mobilization (Mob) that share homology with corresponding proteins of the pMV158 plasmid family, while ORF4 and ORF5 encode putative proteins with unspecified functions. Sequence homologies shared with plasmids found in group B and group D streptococci imply the possibility for genetic exchange with the food-grade S. thermophilus. The structural features of pER13 may be useful in designing strategies for gene transfer in lactic fermentation bacteria. C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Somkuti, GA (reprint author), USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM gsomkuti@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1991 EP 1999 DI 10.1007/s10529-007-9542-z PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 225SM UT WOS:000250537700028 PM 17932625 ER PT J AU Yokoi, K Sandstead, HH Egger, NG Alcock, NW Ramanujam, VMS Dayal, HH Penland, JG AF Yokoi, Katsuhiko Sandstead, Harold H. Egger, Norman G. Alcock, Nancy W. Ramanujam, V. M. Sadagopa Dayal, Hari H. Penland, James G. TI Association between zinc pool sizes and iron stores in premenopausal women without anaemia SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE exchangeable zinc pool; serum ferritin; premenopausal women ID DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; SERUM FERRITIN; PLASMA ZINC; DIETARY DETERMINANTS; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; CHELATING SUBSTANCE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; MENSTRUATING WOMEN; MILLIMOLAR RATIOS; ADOLESCENT GIRLS AB The simultaneous occurrence of Zn and Fe deficiencies in man has been known since the discovery of human Zn deficiency. However, it is not established that low Fe stores per se or Fe-deficiency anaemia infer low Zn status. Therefore our objective was to identify relationships between Zn and Fe status in premenopausal women without anaemia. We also examined the contribution of food frequencies and blood loss to Zn and Fe status. The subjects were thirty-three apparently healthy premenopausal women without anaemia, who were not taking dietary supplements containing Zn or Fe or oral contraceptives. Main outcomes were Zn kinetic parameters based on the three-compartment mammillary model and serum ferritin (SF) concentration; contributing factors were the frequency of consumption of specific foods and menorrhagia. Lower SF was significantly associated with smaller sizes of Zn pools. The breakpoint in the relationship between SF and the lesser peripheral Zn pool was found to be 2 1.0 mu g SF/l. SF also correlated positively with frequency of beef consumption and negatively with bleeding through menstrual pads (BTMP). Similar to SF, the Zn pool sizes correlated positively with frequency of beef consumption, and negatively with BTMP. In summary, Zn pool sizes and Fe stores were highly correlated in premenopausal women. SF concentrations <20 mu g/l suggest an increased likelihood of low Zn status. C1 [Yokoi, Katsuhiko] Seitoku Univ, Grad Sch, Dept Human Nutr, Chiba 2718555, Japan. [Sandstead, Harold H.; Alcock, Nancy W.; Ramanujam, V. M. Sadagopa; Dayal, Hari H.] Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. [Egger, Norman G.] Mayo Clin, Div Gen Internal Med, Rochester, MN USA. [Penland, James G.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Yokoi, K (reprint author), Seitoku Univ, Grad Sch, Dept Human Nutr, 550 Iwase,Matsudo, Chiba 2718555, Japan. EM KatsuhikoY@aol.com FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR 00073] NR 63 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1214 EP 1223 DI 10.1017/S0007114507803394 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 255NR UT WOS:000252665200017 PM 17692150 ER PT J AU Proctor, MCF Oliver, MJ Wood, AJ Alpert, P Stark, LR Cleavitt, NL Mishler, BD AF Proctor, Michael C. F. Oliver, Melvin J. Wood, Andrew J. Alpert, Peter Stark, Lloyd R. Cleavitt, Natalie L. Mishler, Brent D. TI Desiccation-tolerance in bryophytes: a review SO BRYOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE ABA; bryophytes; dehydration; desiccation-tolerance; dispersal; establishment; evolution; gametophyte; genomics; LEA-like proteins; liverworts; mosses; photoprotection; poikilohydry; rehydration; rehydrins; sporophyte; temperature ID MOSS TORTULA-RURALIS; PLANT CRATEROSTIGMA-PLANTAGINEUM; DESERT MOSS; PROTONEMAL MORPHOGENESIS; ABSCISIC-ACID; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; VEGETATIVE DESICCATION; SYNTRICHIA-CANINERVIS; ANOMODON-VITICULOSUS; POLYTRICHUM-FORMOSUM AB Desiccation-tolerance (DT), the ability to lose virtually all free intracellular water and then recover normal function upon rehydration, is one of the most remarkable features of bryophytes. The physiology of bryophytes differs in major respects from that of vascular plants by virtue of their smaller size; unlike vascular plants, the leafy shoots of bryophytes equilibrate rapidly with the water potential in their surroundings and tend to be either fully hydrated or desiccated and metabolically inactive. The time required to recover from desiccation increases and degree of recovery decreases with length of desiccation; both also depend upon temperature and intensity of desiccation. Tolerance in at least some species shows phenotypic plasticity. Recovery of respiration, photosynthesis and protein synthesis takes place within minutes or an hour or two; recovery of the cell cycle, food transport and the cytoskeleton may take 24 hours or more. Positive carbon balance is essential to survival of repeated cycles of drying and wetting; significant growth requires continuously wet periods of a few days or more. Male and female gametophytes, and gametophyte and sporophyte, may differ in tolerance. Desiccation-tolerance is essential to dispersal and establishment of spores and vegetative propagules. The mechanisms of DT in bryophytes, including expression of LEA proteins, high content of non-reducing sugars and effective antioxidant and photo-protection, are at least partly constitutive, allowing survival of rapid drying, but changes in gene expression resulting from mRNA sequestration and alterations in translational controls elicited upon rehydration are also important to repair processes following re-wetting. Phylogenetic and ecological considerations suggest that DT is a primitive character of land plants, lost in the course of evolution of the homoiohydric vascular-plant shoot system, but retained in spores, pollen and seeds, and re-evolved in the vegetative tissues of vascular "resurrection plants." Bryophytes have retained the poikilohydry and DT that are probably the optimal pattern of adaptation at their scale, but modern bryophytes are specialized and diverse, and are removed by the same span of evolutionary time as the flowering plants from their primitive origins. C1 [Proctor, Michael C. F.] Univ Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, England. [Oliver, Melvin J.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, MWA, PGRU, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Wood, Andrew J.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Alpert, Peter] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Stark, Lloyd R.] Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Cleavitt, Natalie L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Mishler, Brent D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Proctor, MCF (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Geoffry Pope Bldg, Stocker Rd, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, England. EM M.C.F.Proctor@exeter.ac.uk; olivermj@missouri.edu; wood@plant.siu.edu; palpert@bio.umass.edu; lrs@unlv.nevada.edu; nlc4@cornell.edu; bmishler@calmail.berkeley.edu NR 212 TC 135 Z9 141 U1 16 U2 154 PU AMER BRYOLOGICAL LICHENOLOGICAL SOC INC PI OMAHA PA C/O DR ROBERT S EGAN, SEC-TRES, ABLS, UNIV NEBRASKA OMAHA, DEPT BIOLOGY, OMAHA, NE 68182-0040 USA SN 0007-2745 EI 1938-4378 J9 BRYOLOGIST JI Bryologist PD WIN PY 2007 VL 110 IS 4 BP 595 EP 621 DI 10.1639/0007-2745(2007)110[595:DIBAR]2.0.CO;2 PG 27 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 244QK UT WOS:000251880200001 ER PT J AU Wright, MG Follett, PA Golden, M AF Wright, M. G. Follett, P. A. Golden, M. TI Long-term patterns and feeding sites of southern green stink bug (Hemiptera : Pentatomidae) in Hawaii macadamia orchards, and sampling for management decisions SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE macadamia nut; green stink bug; canopy; kernel damage; sampling procedure ID NEZARA-VIRIDULA HEMIPTERA; DAMAGE; NUTS AB Southern green stink bug (Nezara viridula, Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a pest of macadamia nuts, causing pitting to kernels by feeding. In spite of its pest status, many aspects of the ecology of this insect in macadamia orchards are poorly understood. This study analyzes long-term N. viridula damage to macadamia nuts and investigates the extent to which damage to nuts occurs in the tree canopy, prior to nut-drop. We show that there are distinct seasonal peaks in damage detected after harvest and that, over six years of data collection, mean damage levels were fairly low, albeit with spikes in damage levels recorded. Sampling nuts at peak harvest periods from different strata in the trees and from the ground showed that incidence of damaged nuts within the canopy was typically half as high as on the fallen nuts. Damage to fallen nuts may have occurred prior to nut-drop, and continued to accumulate after nut-drop. These results show that management of N. viridula within macadamia canopies, as opposed to only on fallen nuts, is important. A sampling procedure and predictive model for estimating late-season damage based on early-season damage samples is provided. The model uses January and March damage measurements (based on samples with set level of accuracy), mean temperature and month of the year for which damage is predicted. Early-season damage of 6-10% predicts late-season damage levels that should justify N. viridula suppression based on the nominal threshold (13% damage) used by kernel processors to reject nuts based on damage. C1 [Wright, M. G.; Golden, M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Follett, P. A.] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Wright, MG (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Gilmore Hall,3050 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM markwrig@hawaii.edu RI Wright, Mark/A-7349-2009 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 97 IS 6 BP 569 EP 575 DI 10.1017/S0007485307005305 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 244QM UT WOS:000251880400003 PM 17997869 ER PT J AU Davis, RE Jomantiene, R Zhao, Y AF Davis, Robert E. Jomantiene, Rasa Zhao, Yan TI Dynamic structures in phytoplasma genomes: sequence-variable mosaics (SVMs) of clustered genes SO BULLETIN OF INSECTOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual Meeting of the International-Phytoplasmologist-Working-Group CY NOV 12-15, 2007 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Int Phytoplasmo Grp, Minist Delle Polit Agricole Alimentari Forestali, Comune Bologna, New Fruits Strawberry Res Ctr, Fermentas Life Sci, Bayer CropSci, VCR, BASF, VITRO Italia Plant, SARSTEDT, Consorzio Vini Reggiani, AGREA, Canlian Sociale Carpi DE mobile genetic unit; mobile element; recombination; simple sequence repeats AB Emergence of the phytoplasma clade from an Acholeplasma-like ancestor gave rise to an intriguing group of cell wall-less prokaryotes through a remarkable and continuing evolutionary process. In a ceaseless progression, phytoplasmas have evolved reduced genomes, lost biochemical pathways for synthesis of nutrients supplied by hosts, and gained capabilities for transkingdom parasitism and pathogenicity in plants and insects. While continued genome degradation has made phytoplasmas increasingly host dependent, their small, AT-rich genomes have evolved conspicuous flexibility that enables rapid responses to host signals, successful evasion of host surveillance, and adaptation to shifting environments encountered during obligate, transkingdom parasitism. Recent work revealed that multiple, sequence-variable mosaics (SVMs) of clustered genes and repetitive extragenic palindromes are characteristic features of genome architecture in phylogenetically diverse phytoplasma species. SVMs are apparently of ancient origin, while current forms result from dramatic and more recent events. The dynamic nature of SVMs could account for their composite structure and potential for rapid changes significant in phytoplasma-host interactions. C1 [Davis, Robert E.; Zhao, Yan] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Jomantiene, Rasa] Inst Bot, Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robert.davis@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, UNIV BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA DEPT AGROENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VIALE G FANIN, 42, BOLOGNA, 40127, ITALY SN 1721-8861 J9 B INSECTOL JI Bull. Insectology PD DEC PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 119 EP 120 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 241CD UT WOS:000251633600009 ER PT J AU Urbanaviciene, L Jomantiene, R Valiunas, D Davis, RE AF Urbanaviciene, Laima Jomantiene, Rasa Valiuenas, Deividas Davis, Robert E. TI Molecular identification of 16Srl-A, 16Srl-B, 16Srl-C, and 16Srl-L subgroups of phytoplasmas in gramineous plants in Lithuania SO BULLETIN OF INSECTOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual Meeting of the International-Phytoplasmologist-Working-Group CY NOV 12-15, 2007 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Int Phytoplasmo Grp, Minist Delle Polit Agricole Alimentari Forestali, Comune Bologna, New Fruits Strawberry Res Ctr, Fermentas Life Sci, Bayer CropSci, VCR, BASF, VITRO Italia Plant, SARSTEDT, Consorzio Vini Reggiani, AGREA, Canlian Sociale Carpi DE gramineous plants; phytoplasma; 16S rRNR gene; PCR; RFLP ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GENE-SEQUENCES; CLASSIFICATION AB Diseased plants of family Poaceae (Gramineae) were observed in cereal crop and forage feed plant fields in the Vilnius, K dainiai and Raseiniai regions of Lithuania. Disease symptoms included yellowing of leaves and spikes, general stunting, sterility and deformation of spikes, dwarfed spikes, and twisted awns, indicating possible phytoplasmal infections. A phytoplasma-characteristic fragment of 16S rDNA was amplified from all the symptomatic plants that were tested in nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using phytoplasma-specific primers. RFLP analysis of the amplified 16S rDNA indicated that detected phytoplasmas infecting gramineous plants in Lithuania belong to several different subgroups in group 16SrI (aster yellows phytoplasma group): 16SrI-A (in Avena sativa); 16SrI-B (in A. sativa, Hordeum vulgare, Triticosecale and Bromopsis inermis); 16SrI-L (in A. sativa and Lolium multiflorum) and 16SrI-C (in Poa pratensis and Festuca arundinaceae). C1 [Urbanaviciene, Laima; Jomantiene, Rasa; Valiuenas, Deividas] Inst Bot, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Davis, Robert E.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Urbanaviciene, L (reprint author), Inst Bot, Zaliuju Ezeru 49, Vilnius, Lithuania. EM laima.urbanaviciene@botanika.lt NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, UNIV BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA DEPT AGROENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VIALE G FANIN, 42, BOLOGNA, 40127, ITALY SN 1721-8861 J9 B INSECTOL JI Bull. Insectology PD DEC PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 127 EP 128 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 241CD UT WOS:000251633600012 ER PT J AU Khan, AJ Bottner, K Al-Saadi, N Al-Subhi, AM Lee, IM AF Khan, Akhtar Jamal Bottner, Kristi Al-Saadi, Nadiya Al-Subhi, Ali Masoud Lee, Ing-Ming TI Identification of phytoplasma associated with witches' broom and virescence diseases of sesame in Oman SO BULLETIN OF INSECTOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual Meeting of the International-Phytoplasmologist-Working-Group CY NOV 12-15, 2007 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Int Phytoplasmo Grp, Minist Delle Polit Agricole Alimentari Forestali, Comune Bologna, New Fruits Strawberry Res Ctr, Fermentas Life Sci, Bayer CropSci, VCR, BASF, VITRO Italia Plant, SARSTEDT, Consorzio Vini Reggiani, AGREA, Canlian Sociale Carpi DE 16S rRNA gene; phytoplasma; phyllody; RFLP; sesame; virescence; witches' broom ID CLASSIFICATION AB Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important field crop grown in the northern and interior regions of Oman for oil and animal feed. Phyllody, virescence and witches' broom symptoms, resembling those caused by phyroplasma infection were observed during 2004 - 2006. A nested PCR assay using primer pair P1/16S-Sr followed by R16F2n/R16R2n was used to amplify a 1.53 kb and 1.2 kb fragment of the phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene, respectively. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RELP) analysis of 16S rDNA of sesame witches' broom phytoplasma strains singly digested with AluI, MseI, TaqI, and Tsp5091 yielded patterns similar to those of alfalfa witches' broom phytoplasma belonging to subgroup 16SrII-D. The RFLP profiles of sesame witches' broom phytoplasma strains SIL and SIF were indistinguishable. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the sesame witches' broom phytoplasma strains (SIL, SIF) clustered with Omani alfalfa witches' broom forming a distinct lineage separate from peanut witches' broom and sesame phyllody (Thailand) phytoplasma strains. C1 [Bottner, Kristi; Lee, Ing-Ming] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Khan, Akhtar Jamal; Al-Saadi, Nadiya; Al-Subhi, Ali Masoud] Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Agr & Marine Sci, Dept Crop Sci, Muscat, Oman. RP Lee, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ingming.lee@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, UNIV BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA DEPT AGROENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VIALE G FANIN, 42, BOLOGNA, 40127, ITALY SN 1721-8861 J9 B INSECTOL JI Bull. Insectology PD DEC PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 133 EP 134 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 241CD UT WOS:000251633600015 ER PT J AU Samuitiene, M Jomantiene, R Valiunas, D Navalinskiene, M Davis, RE AF Samuitiene, Marija Jomantiene, Rasa Valiunas, Deividas Navalinskiene, Meletele Davis, Robert E. TI Phytoplasma strains detected in ornamental plants in Lithuania SO BULLETIN OF INSECTOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual Meeting of the International-Phytoplasmologist-Working-Group CY NOV 12-15, 2007 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Int Phytoplasmo Grp, Minist Delle Polit Agricole Alimentari Forestali, Comune Bologna, New Fruits Strawberry Res Ctr, Fermentas Life Sci, Bayer CropSci, VCR, BASF, VITRO Italia Plant, SARSTEDT, Consorzio Vini Reggiani, AGREA, Canlian Sociale Carpi DE 16S rDNA; PCR; RFLP; phytoplasma; ornamental plants ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GENE-SEQUENCES; ASTER YELLOWS; CLASSIFICATION AB During recent years, increasing attention has been devoted to the development of field floriculture in Lithuania. Since the quality of ornamental plants is adversely affected by diseases attributed to phytoplasmas, we surveyed plant collections in botanical gardens and floriculture farms in Lithuania for phytoplasmal diseases. 37 ornamental species belonging to 18 plant families exhibiting disease symptoms including general yellowing and stunting, proliferation of shoots, phyllody, virescence and reduced size of flowers, and reddening of leaves were collected in commercial floriculture farms and botanical gardens. Analysis of phytoplasmal 16S rRNA gene sequences amplified in the polymerase chain reaction revealed that the plants were infected by phytoplasmas belonging to five distinct subgroups (16SrI-A, 16SrI-B, 16SrI-C, 16SrI-L, and 16SrI-M) of group 16SrI (aster yellows phytoplasma group) and two subgroups (16SrIII-B, 16SrIII-F) of group 16SrIII (X-disease phytoplasma group). C1 [Samuitiene, Marija; Jomantiene, Rasa; Valiunas, Deividas; Davis, Robert E.] Inst Bot, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Davis, Robert E.] USDA ARS, Plant Mol Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Samuitiene, M (reprint author), Inst Bot, Zaliuju Ezeru 49, Vilnius, Lithuania. EM marija.samuitiene@botanika.lt NR 8 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, UNIV BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA DEPT AGROENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VIALE G FANIN, 42, BOLOGNA, 40127, ITALY SN 1721-8861 J9 B INSECTOL JI Bull. Insectology PD DEC PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 137 EP 138 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 241CD UT WOS:000251633600017 ER PT J AU Valiunas, D Jomantiene, R Davis, RE AF Valiunas, Deividas Jomantiene, Rasa Davis, Robert E. TI Phytoplasmas detected in cultivated fruit plants in Lithuania SO BULLETIN OF INSECTOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual Meeting of the International-Phytoplasmologist-Working-Group CY NOV 12-15, 2007 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Int Phytoplasmo Grp, Minist Delle Polit Agricole Alimentari Forestali, Comune Bologna, New Fruits Strawberry Res Ctr, Fermentas Life Sci, Bayer CropSci, VCR, BASF, VITRO Italia Plant, SARSTEDT, Consorzio Vini Reggiani, AGREA, Canlian Sociale Carpi DE 16S rDNA; RFLP; phytoplasma; garden plants ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GENE-SEQUENCES; CLASSIFICATION AB Because of the importance of fruits in the human nutrition and in the agricultural and food industries, we have investigated garden fruit-bearing plant species for possible phytoplasma diseases in Lithuania. Thus far strains of phytoplasmas subgroup 16SrI-B (aster yellows phytoplasma subgroup) in sourcherry, cultivated apple, and common pear; subgroup 16SrI-Q (cherry little leaf phytoplasma subgroup) in cherry; 16SrV-E (rubus stunt phytoplasma subgroup) in garden raspberry; and a new 'Candidatus Phytoplasma' species, 'Candidatus Phytoplasma fragariae', in cultivated strawberry were identified. This work extends knowledge of the biodiversity of phytoplasmas infecting fruit plants. C1 [Valiunas, Deividas; Jomantiene, Rasa] Inst Bot, Plant Virus Lab, LT-080406 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Davis, Robert E.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Valiunas, D (reprint author), Inst Bot, Plant Virus Lab, Zaliuju Ezeru 49, LT-080406 Vilnius, Lithuania. EM deividas_valiunas@yahoo.com NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, UNIV BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA DEPT AGROENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VIALE G FANIN, 42, BOLOGNA, 40127, ITALY SN 1721-8861 J9 B INSECTOL JI Bull. Insectology PD DEC PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 139 EP 140 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 241CD UT WOS:000251633600018 ER PT J AU Munyaneza, JE Crosslin, JM Lee, IM AF Munyaneza, Joseph E. Crosslin, James M. Lee, Ing-Ming TI Phytoplasma diseases and insect vectors in potatoes of the Pacific northwest of the United States SO BULLETIN OF INSECTOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual Meeting of the International-Phytoplasmologist-Working-Group CY NOV 12-15, 2007 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Int Phytoplasmo Grp, Minist Delle Polit Agricole Alimentari Forestali, Comune Bologna, New Fruits Strawberry Res Ctr, Fermentas Life Sci, Bayer CropSci, VCR, BASF, VITRO Italia Plant, SARSTEDT, Consorzio Vini Reggiani, AGREA, Canlian Sociale Carpi DE purple top disease; BLTVA phytoplasma; Circulifer tenellus; potato ID BEET LEAFHOPPER HEMIPTERA; COLUMBIA BASIN; WASHINGTON; CICADELLIDAE AB Potato growers in the Columbia Basin of Washington and Oregon experienced an outbreak of the potato purple top disease in the 2002 growing season. This outbreak caused significant yield losses and reduced tuber quality. The disease was also observed during ensuing years, especially in potato fields not treated with insecticides. Using polymerase chain reaction, it was determined that the beet leathopper-transmitted virescence agent (BLTVA) phytoplasma was the causal agent of the disease and that Circulifer tenellus was the major vector of the phytoplasma in this important potato growing region of the United States. C1 [Munyaneza, Joseph E.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA USA. [Crosslin, James M.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA USA. [Lee, Ing-Ming] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Munyaneza, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, UNIV BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA DEPT AGROENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VIALE G FANIN, 42, BOLOGNA, 40127, ITALY SN 1721-8861 J9 B INSECTOL JI Bull. Insectology PD DEC PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 181 EP 182 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 241CD UT WOS:000251633600036 ER PT J AU Bai, X Ammar, ED Hogenhout, SA AF Bai, Xiaodong Ammar, El-Desouky Hogenhout, Saskia A. TI A secreted effector protein of AY-MB phytoplasma accumulates in nuclei and alters gene expression of host plant cells, and is detected in various tissues of the leafhopper Macrosteles quadrilineatus SO BULLETIN OF INSECTOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual Meeting of the International-Phytoplasmologist-Working-Group CY NOV 12-15, 2007 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Int Phytoplasmo Grp, Minist Delle Polit Agricole Alimentari Forestali, Comune Bologna, New Fruits Strawberry Res Ctr, Fermentas Life Sci, Bayer CropSci, VCR, BASF, VITRO Italia Plant, SARSTEDT, Consorzio Vini Reggiani, AGREA, Canlian Sociale Carpi DE immunolabeling; confocal laser-scanning microscopy; virulence proteins; genomics; homoptera; cicadellidae AB Aster yellows phytoplasma strain witches' broom (AY-WB) is transmitted by the polyphageous aster leafhopper, Macrosteles quadrilineatus. AY-WB is abundantly present in cells of various aster leafbopper tissues, including midgut and salivary glands. In another study, we mined the complete genome sequence of AY-WB for genes encoding secreted proteins based on the presence of N-terminal signal peptides. This resulted in the identification of 56 secreted AY-WB proteins (SAPs), which are candidate effector proteins potentially involved in modulating the physiology of plant and insect hosts. Indeed, one SAP (SAP 11) was shown to accumulate in nuclei of plant host cells and to change gene transcription profiles of plants. In this study, we show that SAP I I is present in AY-WB-infected aster leafbopper, and appears to be particularly abundant in some salivary gland cells. C1 [Bai, Xiaodong; Ammar, El-Desouky; Hogenhout, Saskia A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Ammar, El-Desouky] Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, OARDC, Wooster, OH USA. [Hogenhout, Saskia A.] John Innes Inst, Dept Dis & Stress Biol, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. RP Bai, X (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RI Hogenhout, Saskia/D-9266-2012 NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, UNIV BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA DEPT AGROENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VIALE G FANIN, 42, BOLOGNA, 40127, ITALY SN 1721-8861 J9 B INSECTOL JI Bull. Insectology PD DEC PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 217 EP 218 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 241CD UT WOS:000251633600053 ER PT J AU Lee, IM Zhao, Y Davis, RE Wei, W Martin, M AF Lee, Ing-Ming Zhao, Yan Davis, Robert E. Wei, Wei Martin, Marta TI Prospects of DNA-based systems for differentiation and classification of phytoplasmas SO BULLETIN OF INSECTOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual Meeting of the International-Phytoplasmologist-Working-Group CY NOV 12-15, 2007 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Int Phytoplasmo Grp, Minist Delle Polit Agricole Alimentari Forestali, Comune Bologna, New Fruits Strawberry Res Ctr, Fermentas Life Sci, Bayer CropSci, VCR, BASF, VITRO Italia Plant, SARSTEDT, Consorzio Vini Reggiani, AGREA, Canlian Sociale Carpi DE 16S rRNA; genome; mollicute; multi-locus sequence analysis; mycoplasma; PCR; RFLP analysis; ribosomal protein; genes; secY; taxonomy; tuf; virtual RFLP ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; ASTER YELLOWS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; GENE-SEQUENCES; DIVERSITY; TAXONOMY; DISEASES; PROPOSAL; DISTINCT AB During the last two decades, over 800 phytoplasma strains have been reported in association with several hundred plant diseases and numerous insect vectors. Research has yielded new knowledge about phytoplasma ecology and phylogenetic relationships. A taxonomic system has emerged, and perspectives on phytoplasma speciation have changed. Guidelines for naming new 'Candidatus Phytoplasma' species have been proposed; the 16S rRNA gene was employed as the sole phylogenetic marker for species delineation. To date, 26 'Ca. Phytoplasma' species have been named, forming the core framework of the emerging phytoplasma. taxonomy. A classification system based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences provides a simple, reliable, and rapid means to classify phytoplasmas on a large scale without a need to sequence the gene. The capacity of this classification system has been recently upgraded by the development of a computer-simulated RFLP analysis method. This approach has led to construction of the most comprehensive classification system for phytoplasmas to date. The concept of multi-gene sequence analysis for distinguishing phytoplasma species has emerged with the aim of overcoming deficiencies of the highly conserved 16S rRNA gene for delineating closely related phytoplasma species. Less conserved genes, such as ribosomal protein or secY, serve as phylogenetic markers for finer distinctions among phytoplasmas. C1 [Lee, Ing-Ming; Zhao, Yan; Davis, Robert E.; Wei, Wei] Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Martin, Marta] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Biol Applicada Difesa Piante, I-33100 Udine, Italy. RP Lee, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 34 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, UNIV BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA DEPT AGROENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VIALE G FANIN, 42, BOLOGNA, 40127, ITALY SN 1721-8861 J9 B INSECTOL JI Bull. Insectology PD DEC PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 241CD UT WOS:000251633600063 ER PT J AU Jomantiene, R Davis, RE AF Jomantiene, Rasa Davis, Robert E. TI Repeated conserved sequences as genetic markers for phytoplasma detection SO BULLETIN OF INSECTOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual Meeting of the International-Phytoplasmologist-Working-Group CY NOV 12-15, 2007 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Int Phytoplasmo Grp, Minist Delle Polit Agricole Alimentari Forestali, Comune Bologna, New Fruits Strawberry Res Ctr, Fermentas Life Sci, Bayer CropSci, VCR, BASF, VITRO Italia Plant, SARSTEDT, Consorzio Vini Reggiani, AGREA, Canlian Sociale Carpi DE mobile genetic unit; polymerase chain reaction ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CLASSIFICATION; GENOME; ADAPTATION AB Phytoplasmas are cell wall less, unculturable plant pathogens that multiply in phloem cells of the plant vascular system and cause diseases affecting plants in agricultural and natural ecosystems. A broad array of phylogenetically diverse phytoplasma strains and species infects plants, and some plant hosts harbor very low titers of phytoplasma, emphasizing the need for highly sensitive methods for their detection. We investigated an approach to simplify and improve the sensitivity of detection of phytoplasmas, through focusing on a class of repeated conserved sequences (RCS) in phytoplasma genomes. Features of the RCS and results from PCR-based assays suggest its use as a genetic marker for phytoplasma detection. C1 [Jomantiene, Rasa] Inst Bot, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Davis, Robert E.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Jomantiene, R (reprint author), Inst Bot, Zaliuju Ezeru 49, Vilnius, Lithuania. EM rasa.jomantiene@yahoo.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, UNIV BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA DEPT AGROENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VIALE G FANIN, 42, BOLOGNA, 40127, ITALY SN 1721-8861 J9 B INSECTOL JI Bull. Insectology PD DEC PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 259 EP 260 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 241CD UT WOS:000251633600071 ER PT J AU Wei, W Lee, IM Davis, RE Suo, XB Zhao, Y AF Wei, Wei Lee, Ing-Ming Davis, Robert E. Suo, Xiaobing Zhao, Yan TI Virtual RFLP analysis of 16S rDNA sequences identifies new subgroups in the clover proliferation phytoplasma group SO BULLETIN OF INSECTOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual Meeting of the International-Phytoplasmologist-Working-Group CY NOV 12-15, 2007 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Int Phytoplasmo Grp, Minist Delle Polit Agricole Alimentari Forestali, Comune Bologna, New Fruits Strawberry Res Ctr, Fermentas Life Sci, Bayer CropSci, VCR, BASF, VITRO Italia Plant, SARSTEDT, Consorzio Vini Reggiani, AGREA, Canlian Sociale Carpi DE phytoplasma classification; virtual RFLP analysis; similarity coefficient AB Phytoplasmas are insect-transmitted, phloem-inhabiting, cell wall-less bacteria that cause numerous diseases in several hundred plant species. In adaptation to diverse plant hosts and insect vectors, phytoplasma evolution has given rise to widely divergent lineages. As phytoplasmas are unculturable and their phenotypic characters are largely inaccessible, molecular analyses of conserved gene sequences have become rational means for phytoplasma differentiation and classification. Extending our recent efforts in exploitation of computer-simulated 16S rDNA RFLP analysis and virtual gel plotting for rapid classification of phytoplasmas, we have developed an algorithm for automated RFLP pattern comparison and similarity coefficient calculation. Such streamlined virtual RFLP pattern analysis of 16S rDNA sequences has led to identification of new pattern types and potential new subgroups in the clover proliferation phytoplasma group. C1 [Wei, Wei; Lee, Ing-Ming; Davis, Robert E.; Suo, Xiaobing; Zhao, Yan] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM yan.zhao@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, UNIV BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA DEPT AGROENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VIALE G FANIN, 42, BOLOGNA, 40127, ITALY SN 1721-8861 J9 B INSECTOL JI Bull. Insectology PD DEC PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 349 EP 350 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 241CD UT WOS:000251633600113 ER PT J AU Jovic, J Cvrkovic, T Mitrovic, M Krnjanjic, S Petrovic, A Redinbaugh, MG Pratt, RC Hogenhout, SA Tosevski, I AF Jovic, Jelena Cvrkovic, Tatjana Mitrovic, Milana Krnjanjic, Slobodan Petrovic, Andjeljko Redinbaugh, Margaret G. Pratt, Richard C. Hogenhout, Saskia A. Tosevski, Ivo TI Maize redness in Serbia caused by stolbur phytoplasma is transmitted by Reptalus panzeri SO BULLETIN OF INSECTOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual Meeting of the International-Phytoplasmologist-Working-Group CY NOV 12-15, 2007 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Int Phytoplasmo Grp, Minist Delle Polit Agricole Alimentari Forestali, Comune Bologna, New Fruits Strawberry Res Ctr, Fermentas Life Sci, Bayer CropSci, VCR, BASF, VITRO Italia Plant, SARSTEDT, Consorzio Vini Reggiani, AGREA, Canlian Sociale Carpi DE Mollicutes; Banat region; stolbur; vector; Reptalus panzeri ID ELM YELLOWS GROUP; GRAPEVINE YELLOWS; CIXIIDAE; VECTOR; FRANCE AB Maize redness (MR) causes midrib, leaf and stalk reddening and abnormal ear development in maize in Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria. High populations of the ciixid Reptalus panzeri (Low) were found in MR affected maize fields in the southern Banat region of Serbia in 2005 and 2006, and stolbur phytoplasma was detected in 20% of the insects. Stolbur phytoplasma was detected in 85% of symptomatic maize from these fields. Typical MR symptoms developed in healthy maize plants exposed to stolbur phytoplasma infected R. panzeri, and these plants were positive for the phytoplasma. C1 [Jovic, Jelena; Cvrkovic, Tatjana; Mitrovic, Milana; Krnjanjic, Slobodan; Petrovic, Andjeljko] Inst Plant Protect & Environm, Dept Plant Pests, Zemun, Serbia. [Redinbaugh, Margaret G.] Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Ohio Agr Res & Dev, Wooster, OH USA. [Pratt, Richard C.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Hogenhout, Saskia A.] John Innes Ctr, Dept Dis & Stress Biol, Norwich, Norfolk, England. [Tosevski, Ivo] CABI Biosci Ctr Switzerland, Delemont, Switzerland. RP Redinbaugh, MG (reprint author), USDA, ARS Corn & Soybean Res, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM meg.redinbaugh@ars.usda.gov RI Hogenhout, Saskia/D-9266-2012; Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013; OI Cvrkovic, Tatjana/0000-0001-5108-2323; Tosevski, Ivo/0000-0002-3666-3151; Jovic, Jelena/0000-0002-7623-0553 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, UNIV BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA DEPT AGROENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VIALE G FANIN, 42, BOLOGNA, 40127, ITALY SN 1721-8861 J9 B INSECTOL JI Bull. Insectology PD DEC PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 397 EP 398 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 241CD UT WOS:000251633600136 ER PT J AU Livingston, MJ AF Livingston, Michael J. TI The mediterranean fruit fly and the united states: Is the probit 9 level of quarantine security efficient? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D AGROECONOMIE LA English DT Article ID TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA AB Cold treatment periods, and associated levels of quarantine security, that maximize net US welfare under USDA's current medfly detection and control program are examined using a deterministic bioeconomic optimization model. As anticipated, the efficient level of quarantine security is shown to increase with indices of medfly pressure (initial infestation rates) in areas in which the medfly is known to exist (the QCs). Efficient cold treatment periods and weighted mean medfly survival rates are 8, 11, and 12 days and 5.0 x 10(-2), 1.7 x 10(-3), and 5.2 x 10(-4) under low, moderate, and high initial infestation rates, respectively. When model output is averaged across initial infestation rates, an 11-day cold treatment period, resulting in a weighted mean medfly survival rate of 1.6 x 10(-3), maximizes US welfare. These findings suggest that the current minimum cold treatment period of 14 days and the current objective of US cold treatment policy-the probit 9 level of quarantine security-are economically inefficient. Adopting the 11-day cold treatment period is shown to increase US social surplus by an annual $24.9 million, of which $21.5 and $3.4 million would accrue to US consumers and producers, respectively, and QC producer surplus by an annual $24.8 million. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Livingston, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St NW,S-4028, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM mlivingston@ers.usda.gov NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0008-3976 EI 1744-7976 J9 CAN J AGR ECON JI Can. J. Agric. Econ.-Rev. Can. Agroecon. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 55 IS 4 BP 515 EP 526 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7976.2007.00106.x PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 224GJ UT WOS:000250435200008 ER PT J AU Ottmar, RD Sandberg, DV Riccardi, CL Prichard, SJ AF Ottmar, Roger D. Sandberg, David V. Riccardi, Cynthia L. Prichard, Susan J. TI An overview of the Fuel Characteristic Classification System - Quantifying, classifying, and creating fuelbeds for resource planning SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BOREAL FOREST; CROWN FIRE; CARBON; CONSUMPTION; MANAGEMENT AB We present an overview of the Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS), a toot that enables land managers, regulators, and scientists to create and catalogue fuelbeds and to classify those fuelbeds for their capacity to support fire and consume fuels. The fuelbed characteristics and fire classification from this tool will provide inputs for current and future sophisticated models for the quantification of fire behavior, fire effects, and carbon accounting and enable assessment of fuel treatment effectiveness. The system was designed from requirements provided by land managers, scientists, and policy makers gathered through six regional workshops. The FCCS contains a set of fuelbeds representing the United States, which were compiled from scientific literature, fuels photo series, fuels data sets, and expert opinion. The system enables modification and enhancement of these fuelbeds to represent a particular scale of interest. The FCCS then reports assigned and calculated fuel characteristics for each existing fuelbed stratum including the canopy, shrubs, nonwoody, woody, litter-lichen-moss, and duff. Finally, the system classifies each fuelbed by calculating fire potentials that provide an index of the intrinsic capacity of each fuelbed to support surface fire behavior, support crown fire, and provide fuels for flaming, smoldering, and residual consumption. The FCCS outputs are being used in a national wildland fire emissions inventory and in the development of fuelbed, fire hazard, and treatment effectiveness maps on several national forests. Although the FCCS was built for the United States, the conceptual framework is applicable worldwide. C1 [Ottmar, Roger D.; Riccardi, Cynthia L.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Sandberg, David V.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Corvallis Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Prichard, Susan J.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Ottmar, RD (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, 400 N 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM rottmar@fs.fed.us NR 55 TC 89 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 28 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 37 IS 12 BP 2383 EP 2393 DI 10.1139/X07-077 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 262WR UT WOS:000253179200002 ER PT J AU Riccardi, CL Ottmar, RD Sandberg, DV Andreu, A Elman, E Kopper, K Long, J AF Riccardi, Cynthia L. Ottmar, Roger D. Sandberg, David V. Andreu, Anne Elman, Ella Kopper, Karen Long, Jennifer TI The fuelbed: a key element of the Fuel Characteristic Classification System SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Wildland fuelbed characteristics are temporally and spatially complex and can vary widely across regions. To capture this variability, we designed the Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS), a national system to create fuelbeds and classify those fuelbeds for their capacity to support fire and consume fuels. This paper describes the structure of the fuelbeds internal to FCCS. Fuelbeds are considered relatively homogeneous units on the landscape, representing distinct combustion environments that determine potential fire behaviour and effects. The FCCS fuelbeds are organized into six strata: canopy, shrubs, nonwoody fuels, woody fuels, litter-lichen-moss, and ground fuels. Fuelbeds are described by several qualitative and quantitative physical and biological variables with emphasis on characteristics useful for fuels management and fire behaviour planning. The FCCS includes 216 fuelbeds that represent the major vegetation types of the United States. The FCCS fuelbeds can be used as presented or modified to create customized fuelbeds with general or site-specific data to address fire science management or research questions. This system allows resource managers to evaluate wildland fuels operations and management activities, fire hazard, and ecological and air quality impacts at small and large spatial scales. The FCCS fuelbeds represent the United States, although the system has the potential for building fuelbeds for international application. C1 [Ottmar, Roger D.] US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Riccardi, Cynthia L.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Sandberg, David V.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Andreu, Anne] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Elman, Ella] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Kopper, Karen] N Cascades Natl Pk Serv Complex, Marblemt, WA 98267 USA. [Long, Jennifer] USDA, US Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Ottmar, RD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, 400 N 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM rottmar@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 37 IS 12 BP 2394 EP 2412 DI 10.1139/X07-143 PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 262WR UT WOS:000253179200003 ER PT J AU Riccardi, CL Prichard, SJ Sandberg, DV Ottmar, RD AF Riccardi, Cynthia L. Prichard, Susan J. Sandberg, David V. Ottmar, Roger D. TI Quantifying physical characteristics of wildland fuels using the Fuel Characteristic Classification System SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID INTERSECT METHOD; FIRE; MANAGEMENT AB Wildland fuel characteristics are used in many applications of operational fire predictions and to understand fire effects and behaviour. Even so, there is a shortage of information on basic fuel properties and the physical characteristics of wildland fuels. The Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS) builds and catalogues fuelbed descriptions based on realistic physical properties derived from direct or indirect observation, inventories, expert knowledge, inference, or simulated fuel characteristics. The FCCS summarizes and calculates wildland fuel characteristics, including fuel depth, loading, and surface area. Users may modify fuelbeds and thereby capture changing fuel conditions over time and (or) under different management prescriptions. Fuel loadings from four sample fuelbed pairs (i.e., pre- and post-prescribed fire) were calculated and compared by using FCCS to demonstrate the versatility of the system and how individual fuel components, such as shrubs, nonwoody fuels, woody fuels, and litter, can be calculated and summarized. The ability of FCCS to catalogue and summarize complex fuelbeds and reflect dynamic fuel conditions allows calculated results to be used in a variety of applications including surface and crown fire predictions, carbon assessments, and wildlife habitat management. C1 [Prichard, Susan J.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Riccardi, Cynthia L.; Ottmar, Roger D.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Sandberg, David V.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Prichard, SJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM sprich@u.washington.edu NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 37 IS 12 BP 2413 EP 2420 DI 10.1139/X07-175 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 262WR UT WOS:000253179200004 ER PT J AU McKenzie, D Raymond, CL Kellogg, LKB Norheim, RA Andreu, AG Bayard, AC Kopper, KE Elman, E AF McKenzie, D. Raymond, C. L. Kellogg, L. -K. B. Norheim, R. A. Andreu, A. G. Bayard, A. C. Kopper, K. E. Elman, E. TI Mapping fuels at multiple scales: landscape application of the Fuel Characteristic Classification System SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; NORTH-AMERICA; LAND-COVER; FIRE; WILDFIRE; MODELS; FOREST; MODIS; VALIDATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB Fuel mapping is a complex and often multidisciplinary process, involving remote sensing, ground-based validation, statistical modelling, and knowledge-based systems. The scale and resolution of fuel mapping depend both on objectives and availability of spatial data layers. We demonstrate use of the Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS) for fuel mapping at two scales and resolutions: the conterminous USA (CONUS) at 1 km resolution and the Wenatchee National Forest, in Washington State, at 25 m resolution. We focus on the classification phase of mapping-assigning a unique fuelbed to each mapped cell in a spatial data layer. Using a rule-based method, we mapped 112 fuelbeds onto 7.8 million 1 km cells in the CONUS, and mapped 34 fuelbeds onto 18 million 25 m cells in the Wenatchee National Forest. These latter 34 fuelbeds will be further subdivided based on quantitative spatial data layers representing stand structure and disturbance history. The FCCS maps can be used for both modelling and management at commensurate scales. Dynamic fuel mapping is necessary as we move into the future with rapid climatic and land-use change, and possibly increasing disturbance extent and severity. The rule-based methods described here are well suited for updating with new spatial data, to keep local, regional, and continental scale fuel assessments current and inform both research and management. C1 [McKenzie, D.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Raymond, C. L.; Kellogg, L. -K. B.; Norheim, R. A.; Andreu, A. G.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bayard, A. C.] Canaan Valley Inst, Davis, WV 26260 USA. [Kopper, K. E.] N Cascades Natl Pk, Marblemt, WA 98267 USA. [Elman, E.] Seattle Urban Nat Project, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP McKenzie, D (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, 400 N 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM donaldmckenzie@fs.fed.us NR 52 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 14 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 37 IS 12 BP 2421 EP 2437 DI 10.1139/X07-056 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 262WR UT WOS:000253179200005 ER PT J AU Sandberg, DV Riccardi, CL Schaaf, MD AF Sandberg, David V. Riccardi, Cynthia L. Schaaf, Mark D. TI Reformulation of Rothermel's wildland fire behaviour model for heterogeneous fuelbeds SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SPREAD MODELS; WIND; FUELS; SLOPE; PROPAGATION AB The Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS) includes equations that calculate energy release and one-dimensional Spread rate in quasi-steady state fires in heterogeneous but spatially-uniform wildland fuelbeds, using a reformulation of the widely used Rothermel fire spread model. This reformulation provides an automated means to predict fire behavior under any environmental conditions in any natural, modified, or simulated wildland fuelbed. The formulation may be used to compare potential fire behavior between fuelbeds that differ in time, space, or as a result of management, and provides a means to classify and map fuelbeds based on their expected surface fire behavior under any set of defined environmental conditions (i.e., effective wind speed and fuel moisture content). Model reformulation preserves the basic mathematical framework of the Rothermel fire spread model, reinterprets data from two of the original basic equations in his model, and offers a new conceptual formulation that allows the direct use of inventoried fuel properties instead of stylized fuel models. Alternative methods for calculating the effect of wind speed and fuel moisture, based on more recent literature, are also provided. This reformulation provides a framework for the incremental improvement in quantifying fire behaviour parameters in complex fuelbeds and for modeling fire spread. C1 [Sandberg, David V.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Riccardi, Cynthia L.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Schaaf, Mark D.] Air Sci Inc, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Sandberg, DV (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM sandbergd@peak.org NR 46 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 37 IS 12 BP 2438 EP 2455 DI 10.1139/X07-094 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 262WR UT WOS:000253179200006 ER PT J AU Sandberg, DV Riccardi, CL Schaaf, MD AF Sandberg, David V. Riccardi, Cynthia L. Schaaf, Mark D. TI Fire potential rating for wildland fuelbeds using the Fuel Characteristic Classification System SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CROWN FIRE; SPREAD; STANDS; MODEL AB The Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS) is a systematic catalog of inherent physical properties of wildland fuelbeds that allows land managers, policy makers, and scientists to build and calculate fuel characteristics with complete or incomplete information. The FCCS is equipped with a set of equations to calculate the potential of any real-world or simulated fuelbed to spread fire across the surface and in the crowns, and consume fuels. FCCS fire potentials are a set of relative values that rate the intrinsic physical capacity of a wildland fuelbed to release energy and to spread, crown, consume, and smolder under known or benchmark weather and fuel moisture conditions. The FCCS reports eight component fire potentials for every fuelbed, arranged in three categories: surface fire behaviour (reaction intensity, spread rate, and flame length), crown fire potential (torching and active crown fire), and available fuel potential (flaming, smouldering, and residual smouldering). FCCS fire potentials may be used to classify or compare fuelbeds that differ because of location, structure, passage of time, or management action, based on expected fire behavior or effect outcomes. As a classification tool, they are offered as an objective alternative to categorizing bulk properties of fuelbeds or stylized model inputs. C1 [Sandberg, David V.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Riccardi, Cynthia L.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Schaaf, Mark D.] Air Sci Inc, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Sandberg, DV (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM sandbergd@peak.org NR 29 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 37 IS 12 BP 2456 EP 2463 DI 10.1139/X07-093 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 262WR UT WOS:000253179200007 ER PT J AU Schaaf, MD Sandberg, DV Schreuder, MD Riccardi, CL AF Schaaf, Mark D. Sandberg, David V. Schreuder, Maarten D. Riccardi, Cynthia L. TI A conceptual framework for ranking crown fire potential in wildland fuelbeds SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SPREADING SURFACE FIRE; CONIFER FOREST STANDS; JACK PINE; MODEL; IGNITION; BEHAVIOR; FUELS AB This paper presents a conceptual framework for ranking the crown fire potential of wildland fuelbeds with forest canopies. This approach extends the work by Van Wagner and Rothermel, and introduces several new physical concepts to the modeling of crown fire behaviour derived from the reformulated Rothermel surface fire modeling concepts proposed by Sandberg et al. (this issue). This framework forms the basis for calculating the crown fire potentials of Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS) fuelbeds (Ottmar et al., this issue). Two new crown fire potentials are proposed (i) the torching potential (TP) and (ii) the active crown potential (AP). A systematic comparison of TP and AP against field observations and Crown Fire Initiation and Spread (CFIS) model outputs produced encouraging results, suggesting that the FCCS framework might be a useful tool for fire managers to consider when ranking the potential for crown fires or evaluating the relative behaviour of crown fires in forest canopies. C1 [Schaaf, Mark D.; Schreuder, Maarten D.] Air Sci Inc, Portland, OR 97204 USA. [Sandberg, David V.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Riccardi, Cynthia L.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Schaaf, MD (reprint author), Air Sci Inc, 421 SW 6th Ave,Suite 1400, Portland, OR 97204 USA. EM mschaaf@airsci.com NR 49 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 37 IS 12 BP 2464 EP 2478 DI 10.1139/X07-102 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 262WR UT WOS:000253179200008 ER PT J AU Millar, CI Westfall, RD Delany, DL AF Millar, Constance I. Westfall, Robert D. Delany, Diane L. TI Response of high-elevation limber pine (Pinus flexilis) to multiyear droughts and 20th-century warming, Sierra Nevada, California, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID TREE-RING CHRONOLOGIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPERATURE; MORTALITY; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; GRADIENT AB Limber pine (Pinus flexilis James) stands along the eastern escarpment of the Sierra Nevada, California, experienced significant mortality from 1985 to 1995 during a period of sustained low precipitation and high temperature. The stands differ from old-growth limber pine forests in being dense, young, more even-aged, and located in warmer, drier microclimates. Tree growth showed high interannual variability. Relative to live trees, dead trees over their lifetimes had higher series sensitivity, grew more variably, and had lower growth. Although droughts recurred during the 20th century, tree mortality occurred only in the late 1980s. Significant correlations and interactions of growth and mortality dates with temperature and precipitation indicate that conditions of warmth plus sustained drought increased the likelihood of mortality in the 1985-1995 interval. This resembles a global-change-type drought, where warming combined with drought was an initial stress, trees were further weakened by dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium cyanocarpum (A. Nels. ex Rydb.) A. Nels.), and proximally killed by mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins). However, the thinning effect of the drought-related mortality appears to have promoted resilience and improved near-term health of these stands, which suffered no additional mortality in the subsequent 1999-2004 drought. C1 [Millar, Constance I.; Westfall, Robert D.; Delany, Diane L.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Millar, CI (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM cmillar@fs.fed.us OI Westfall, Bob/0000-0002-8315-3322 NR 54 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 39 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 37 IS 12 BP 2508 EP 2520 DI 10.1139/X07-097 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 262WR UT WOS:000253179200011 ER PT J AU Marquardt, PE Echt, CS Epperson, BK Pubanz, DM AF Marquardt, Paula E. Echt, Craig S. Epperson, Bryan K. Pubanz, Dan M. TI Genetic structure, diversity, and inbreeding of eastern white pine under different management conditions SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL AUTO-CORRELATION; LODGEPOLE PINE; SUBDIVIDED POPULATIONS; MICROSATELLITE DNA; F-STATISTICS; STROBUS; AUTOCORRELATION; DISPERSAL; MARKERS; FOREST AB Resource sustainability requires a thorough understanding of the influence of forest management programs on the conservation of genetic diversity in tree populations. To observe how differences in forest structure affect the genetic structure of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), we evaluated six eastern white pine sites across the 234 000 acre (1 acre = 0.4046856 ha) Menominee Indian Reservation in northeastern Wisconsin (45 degrees 00'N, 88 degrees 45'W). The six sites sampled for nuclear and chloroplast DNA microsatellite markers were of contrasting densities and managed by different management systems: shelterwood, pine release, plantation, and old growth. Three of the sites had natural regeneration, which was also sampled. Mean values of spatial genetic autocorrelation were positive in all mature populations and variable; the strongest spatial structuring of genes occurred in the least disturbed old-growth site (I - E(I) = 0.031). Genetic structuring at the historical old-growth site fit the isolation-by-distance model for a neighborhood size of 130 individuals. Significant inbreeding occurred in five populations, but the seedling or sapling populations as a group (f = 0.088) are significantly less inbred than the local mature populations (f = 0.197). The increase in heterozygosity between generations was attributed to harvesting having reduced the spatial genetic structure of the mature trees. C1 [Marquardt, Paula E.; Echt, Craig S.] USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Epperson, Bryan K.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Pubanz, Dan M.] Menominee Tribal Enterprises Inc, Menominee Forestry Ctr, Keshena, WI 54135 USA. RP Marquardt, PE (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM pmarquardt@fs.fed.us RI Echt, Craig/H-4684-2012 OI Echt, Craig/0000-0001-9330-4051 NR 65 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 37 IS 12 BP 2652 EP 2662 DI 10.1139/X07-114 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 262WR UT WOS:000253179200022 ER PT J AU Moores, AR Seymour, RS Kenefic, LS AF Moores, Andrew R. Seymour, Robert S. Kenefic, Laura S. TI Height development of shade-tolerant conifer saplings in multiaged Acadian forest stands SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID MIXED-SPECIES STANDS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS; GROWTH EFFICIENCY; TEMPERATE FOREST; CROWN MORPHOLOGY; BOREAL FORESTS; BALSAM FIR; LEAF-AREA; LIGHT AB Understory growth dynamics of northern conifer species were studied in four stands managed under multiaged silvicultural systems in eastern Maine. Height growth of Picea rubens Sarg., Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., and Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. saplings between 0.5 and 6.0 in in height was related to the proportion open sky (POS), using sapling height as a covariate. Height growth of T. canadensis equaled A. balsamea and exceeded P. rubens under very low light levels (POS < 0.1) but is much less responsive to both increasing POS and taller heights, reaching 50% of its maximum height growth at a POS of only 0.09. Abies balsamea outgrew P. rubens under similar dark conditions; at higher light levels (POS > 0.10), both species grew similarly. Evidently, no feasible overstory manipulation of light alone can promote more rapid height development of P. rubens saplings over A. balsamea. A nonlinear light-prediction model using stand basal area is linked with height-growth prediction equations to quantify sapling development from 0.5 to 6 in. Depending on overstory density, P. rubens requires a height advantage of 0.14-0.33 in over a 0.5 in tall A. balsamea to reach a height of 6 m over the same time period. C1 [Moores, Andrew R.; Seymour, Robert S.] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Kenefic, Laura S.] USDA ARS, Bradley, ME 04411 USA. RP Seymour, RS (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM seymour@umenfa.maine.edu RI Kenefic, Laura/H-3177-2014 NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 37 IS 12 BP 2715 EP 2723 DI 10.1139/X07-110 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 262WR UT WOS:000253179200027 ER PT J AU Lin, J Manson, JE Selhub, J Buring, JE Zhang, SMM AF Lin, Jennifer Manson, JoAnn E. Selhub, Jacob Buring, Julie E. Zhang, Shumin M. TI Plasma cysteinylglycine levels. and breast cancer risk in women SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PRIMARY PREVENTION; RESTRICTION; ASSOCIATION; REDUCTION; DISEASE; HEALTH; COHORT AB Cysteinylglycine, a prooxidant generated during the catabolism of glutathione, has been suggested to induce oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, leading to the development of human cancers. Observational data relating cysteinylglycine status to breast cancer risk are lacking. We prospectively evaluated plasma cysteinylglycine levels and invasive breast cancer risk among 812 case-control pairs nested in the Women's Health Study, a completed randomized trial evaluating low-dose aspirin and vitamin E in middle-aged and older women. We additionally evaluated the effect modification by risk factors for oxidative stress, such as vitamin E assignment, alcohol consumption, obesity, and postmenopausal hormone use. Logistic regression controlling for matching factors, as well as other risk factors for breast cancer, was used to estimate relative risks (1111) and 95% confidence intervals (95% Cl). All statistical tests were two sided. We observed no overall association between plasma cysteinylglycine and invasive breast cancer risk. However, higher cysteinylglycine levels were marginally associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in the high oxidative stress groups. Women in the highest quintile group of cysteinylglycine relative to the lowest group had multivariate RRs (95% CIs) of 1.64 (1.01-2.66; P-trend=0.04) in the vitamin E placebo group, 2.51 (1.01-6.24; P-trend=0.07) in the high alcohol intake group (>= 9/day), and 1.66 (0.97-2.84; P-trend = 0.03) in the overweight and obese group. Our findings suggest that women who are susceptible to experiencing oxidative stress may be at a greater risk for developing breast cancer. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med,Channing Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lin, J (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, 900 Commonwealth Ave E, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM jhlin@rics.bwh.harvard.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA112529, CA104871, CA47988]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL43851] NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 67 IS 23 BP 11123 EP 11127 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-3061 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 238JQ UT WOS:000251444100007 PM 18056435 ER PT J AU Frias-Staheli, N Giannakopoulos, NV Kikkert, M Taylor, SL Bridgen, A Paragas, J Richt, JA Rowland, RR Schmaljohn, CS Lenschow, DJ Snijder, EJ Garcia-Sastre, A Virgin, HW AF Frias-Staheli, Natalia Giannakopoulos, Nadia V. Kikkert, Marjolein Taylor, Shannon L. Bridgen, Anne Paragas, Jason Richt, Juergen A. Rowland, Raymond R. Schmaljohn, Connie S. Lenschow, Deborah J. Snijder, Eric J. Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Virgin, Herbert Whiting TI Ovarian tumor domain-containing viral proteases evade ubiquitin- and ISG15-dependent innate immune responses SO CELL HOST & MICROBE LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS; CONGO-HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; PAPAIN-LIKE PROTEASE; INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; DEUBIQUITINATING ENZYME; NS1 PROTEIN; ANTIVIRAL MOLECULE; STIMULATED GENE-15; CYSTEINE PROTEASES AB Ubiquitin (Ub) and interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15) reversibly conjugate to proteins and mediate important innate antiviral responses. The ovarian tumor (OTU) domain represents a superfamily of predicted proteases found in eukaryotic, bacterial, and viral proteins, some of which have Ub-deconjugating activity. We show that the OTU domain-containing proteases f rom nairoviruses and arteriviruses, two unrelated groups of RNA viruses, hydrolyze Ub and ISG15 from cellular target proteins. This broad activity contrasts with the target specificity of known mammalian OTU domain-containing proteins. Expression of a viral OTU domain-containing protein antagonizes the antiviral effects of ISG15 and enhances susceptibility to Sindbis virus infection in vivo. We also show that viral OTU domain-containing proteases inhibit NF-kappa B-dependent signaling. Thus, the deconjugating activity of viral OTU proteases represents a unique viral strategy to inhibit Ub- and ISG15dependent antiviral pathways. C1 [Frias-Staheli, Natalia; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Emerging Pathogens Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Giannakopoulos, Nadia V.; Lenschow, Deborah J.; Virgin, Herbert Whiting] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Immunol, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Lenschow, Deborah J.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Kikkert, Marjolein; Snijder, Eric J.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Infect Dis,LUMC, Dept Med Microbiol,Mol Virol Lab, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands. [Taylor, Shannon L.; Schmaljohn, Connie S.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Bridgen, Anne] Univ Ulster, Dept Biomed Sci, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. [Paragas, Jason] NIH, NIAID, Emerging Viral Pathogens Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Richt, Juergen A.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Rowland, Raymond R.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Garcia-Sastre, A (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM adolfo.garcia-sastre@mssm.edu; virgin@wustl.edu OI Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U54 AI057160, U19 AI62623, U54 AI057158-010003, U54 AI057158, U19 AI062623-010003, U19 AI062623] NR 53 TC 181 Z9 192 U1 2 U2 7 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1931-3128 J9 CELL HOST MICROBE JI Cell Host Microbe PD DEC PY 2007 VL 2 IS 6 BP 404 EP 416 DI 10.1016/j.chom.2007.09.014 PG 13 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 244GY UT WOS:000251855600006 PM 18078692 ER PT J AU Browning-Aiken, A Morehouse, B Davis, A Wilder, M Varady, R Goodrich, D Carter, R Moreno, D McGovern, ED AF Browning-Aiken, Anne Morehouse, Barbara Davis, Allison Wilder, Margaret Varady, Robert Goodrich, David Carter, Rebecca Moreno, Denise McGovern, Emily Dellinger TI Climate, water management, and policy in the San Pedro Basin: results of a survey of Mexican stakeholders near the US-Mexico border SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID DECISION-MAKING; SCIENCE; SOUTHWEST AB This paper reviews regional climate knowledge and vulnerability in the northern Mexico San Pedro River Basin, with a focus on water quality, quantity, and management issues on the Mexican side of the border. A discussion based on the available literature is supplemented by a survey assessing concerns about water and the quality and usability of climate and hydrologic information available to water managers and communities. The surveys indicate that the central concern for urban residents is the lack of reliable potable water due to frequent service breakdowns-with climate change and variability, specifically drought and high temperatures, as contributing factors. Water managers desire appropriate meteorological and hydrologic information to improve planning strategies, but access to this information remains limited. Considerable disagreement exists about who should pay for previously free or low-cost water and wastewater treatment. Urban users have little incentive to conserve because of the present flat, low rate and frustration with service. In rural areas, while a majority of ranchers recognize that variable climate and water loss could increasingly jeopardize their lifestyle, they seldom use meteorological information in planning or modify their water consumption. Climate vulnerability also includes potential for serious environmental health issues due to the presence of heavy metals and organic contaminants in the San Pedro. C1 Univ Arizona, Udall Ctr Studies Publ Policy, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Inst Study Planet Earth, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Arizona, Ctr Latin Amer Studies, Tucson, AZ USA. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Browning-Aiken, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Udall Ctr Studies Publ Policy, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM browning@u.arizona.edu RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009; OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448; Varady, Robert/0000-0002-3521-9649 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 2007 VL 85 IS 3-4 BP 323 EP 341 DI 10.1007/s10584-007-9302-z PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 231BS UT WOS:000250922100009 ER PT J AU Harrington, NP Surujballi, OP Waters, WR Prescott, JF AF Harrington, Noel P. Surujballi, Om P. Waters, W. Ray Prescott, John F. TI Development and evaluation of a real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay for quantification of gamma interferon mRNA to diagnose tuberculosis in multiple animal species SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS INFECTION; WHITE-TAILED DEER; RT-PCR; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; NEW-ZEALAND; BLOOD; EXPRESSION; WILDLIFE; CATTLE; CELLS AB Tuberculosis of free-ranging and captive wildlife, including species implicated in the maintenance and transmission of Mycobacterium bovis, is a difficult disease to diagnose and control. Historically, diagnosis of tuberculosis has relied largely upon assays of cell-mediated immunity (CMI), such as tuberculin skin testing. This approach, however, is problematic or impractical for use with many wildlife species. Increasingly, in vitro diagnostic tests, including gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-based assays, are replacing or complementing skin testing of cattle and humans. Analogous assays are unavailable for most wildlife because of a lack of species-specific immunological reagents. This report describes the development and validation of a whole-blood assay to quantify antigen-specific IFN-gamma mRNA expression by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Oligonucleotide primers and probes were designed and tested for reactivity towards several susceptible species of interest with respect to tuberculosis infection. The assay was subsequently optimized to quantify the IFN-,y mRNA expression in elk and red deer (Cervus elaphus) and was evaluated for its ability to detect mycobacterial antigen-specific responses of experimentally tuberculosis-infected animals. The assay was a simple, rapid, and sensitive measure of antigen-specific CMI. The IFN-gamma mRNA responses correlated well with IFN-gamma protein production and showed performance in determining an animal's infection status superior to that of either lymphocyte proliferation or IFN-gamma protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. An additional advantage is the ease with which the assay can be modified to reliably quantify IFN-gamma expression by using consensus sequences of closely related species or of other species for which IFN-gamma sequence information is available. C1 [Harrington, Noel P.; Surujballi, Om P.] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa Lab Fallowfield, Ottawa, ON K2H 8P9, Canada. [Harrington, Noel P.; Prescott, John F.] Univ Guelph, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Waters, W. Ray] USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. RP Harrington, NP (reprint author), Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa Lab Fallowfield, 3851 Fallofield Rd, Ottawa, ON K2H 8P9, Canada. EM harringtonnp@inspection.gc.ca NR 36 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1563 EP 1571 DI 10.1128/CVI.00263-07 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 242DM UT WOS:000251704700005 PM 17942606 ER PT J AU Ciacci, C Maiuri, L Caporaso, N Bucci, C Del Giudice, L Massardo, DR Pontieri, P Di Fonzo, N Bean, SR Loerger, B Londei, M AF Ciacci, Carolina Maiuri, Luigi Caporaso, Nicola Bucci, Cristina Del Giudice, Luigi Massardo, Domenica Rita Pontieri, Paola Di Fonzo, Natale Bean, Scott R. Loerger, Brian Londei, Marco TI Celiac disease: In vitro and in vivo safety and palatability of wheat-free sorghum food products SO CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE sorghum; celiac disease; nutrition; gluten-free diet; palatability; in vitro challenge ID QUALITY; GLIADIN; BREAD; COOKIES; FLOURS; MAIZE AB Background & aims: Celiac disease is a condition in which genetically predisposed people have an autoimmune reaction to gluten proteins found in all wheat types and closely related cereals such as barley and rye. This reaction causes the formation of autoantibodies and the destruction of the villi in the small intestine, which results in malabsorption of nutrientsand other gluten-induced autoimmune diseases. Sorghum is a cereal grain with potential to be developed into an important crop for human food products. The flour produced from white sorghum hybrids is light in color and has a bland, neutral taste that does not impart unusual colors or flavors to food products. These attributes make it desirable for use in wheat-free food products. White sorghum is considered as a safe food for celiac patients, primarily due to its relationship to maize, no direct testing has been conducted on its safety for gluten intolerance. Therefore studies are needed to assess its safety and tolerability in celiac patients. Thus the aim of the present study was to assess safety and tolerability of sorghum flour products in adult celiac disease patients, utilizing an in vitro and in vivo challenge. Results: Sorghum protein digests did not elicit any morphometric or immunomediated alteration of duodenal explants from celiac patients. Patients fed daily for 5 days with sorghum-derived food product did not experience gastrointestinal or non-gastrointestinal symptoms and the level of anti-transglutaminase antibodies was unmodified at the end of the 5-days challenge. Conclusions: Sorghum-derived products did not show toxicity for celiac patients in both in vitro and in vivo challenge. Therefore sorghum can be considered safe for people with celiac disease. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved. C1 [Ciacci, Carolina; Bucci, Cristina] Dept Clin & Expt Med, Naples, Italy. [Maiuri, Luigi; Caporaso, Nicola; Londei, Marco] UCL, Inst Child Hlth, London, England. [Maiuri, Luigi] Univ Foggia, Sch Med, Inst Pediat, Foggia, Italy. [Del Giudice, Luigi; Massardo, Domenica Rita; Pontieri, Paola] CNR, Ist Genet & Biofis A Buzzati Traverso, Naples, Italy. [Di Fonzo, Natale] CRA, Ist Sperimentale Cerealicoltura, Sez Foggia, Foggia, Italy. [Bean, Scott R.; Loerger, Brian] USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Ciacci, C (reprint author), Dept Clin & Expt Med, Naples, Italy. EM ciacci@unina.it RI ciacci, carolina/A-2594-2012; Bucci, Cristina/A-8171-2013; OI ciacci, carolina/0000-0002-7426-1145; Bucci, Cristina/0000-0002-2179-217X; Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 32 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 18 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0261-5614 J9 CLIN NUTR JI Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 6 BP 799 EP 805 DI 10.1016/j.clnu.2007.05.006 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 244HY UT WOS:000251858200017 PM 17719701 ER PT J AU Pape, RB Thomas, DB Aalbu, RL AF Pape, Robert B. Thomas, Donald B. Aalbu, Rolf L. TI A revision of the genus Eschatomoxys Blaisdell (Tenebrionidae : Pimeliinae : Edrotini) with notes on the biology SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID COLEOPTERA AB The tenebrionid genus Eschatomoxys Blaisdell is revised with descriptions of four new species, E pholeter, E. paco, E. rosei, and E. andrewsi. Eschatomoxys wagneri Blaisdell, the type species, and E. tanneri Sorenson and Stones, are redescribed with illustrations and a key for the identification of all species. The biology of these rare beetles is discussed with emphasis on the cave dwelling species. The species have metapopulations fragmented among cave and island habitats. C1 [Pape, Robert B.] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85271 USA. [Thomas, Donald B.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Aalbu, Rolf L.] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Entomol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. RP Pape, RB (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85271 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 519 EP 540 DI 10.1649/0010-065X(2007)61[519:AROTGE]2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 251CX UT WOS:000252349500006 ER PT J AU Prathapan, KD Konstantinov, AS AF Prathapan, K. D. Konstantinov, A. S. TI Yaminia, a new genus of flea beetle from the oriental region (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB A new genus and species of flea beetle, Yaminia gmelini Prathapan and Konstantinov, from southern India, is described and illustrated with comparative notes and host plant information. C1 [Prathapan, K. D.] Kerala Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Trivandrum 695522, Kerala, India. [Konstantinov, A. S.] USDA, Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Prathapan, KD (reprint author), Kerala Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Vellayani PO, Trivandrum 695522, Kerala, India. EM prathapankd@gmail.com; alex.konstantinov@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 61 IS 4 BP 574 EP 580 DI 10.1649/0010-065X(2007)61[574:YANGOF]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 251CX UT WOS:000252349500015 ER PT J AU Prom, LK Cisse, N Ndoye, O AF Prom, Louis K. Cisse, Ndiaga Ndoye, Ousmane TI Assessing the vulnerability of selected sorghum lines from the United States of America to long smut (Sporisorium ehrenbergii Vanky) disease SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE sorghum; long smut; Sporisorium ehrenbergii; Tolyposporium ehrenbergii ID TOLYPOSPORIUM-EHRENBERGII AB Long smut is a limiting factor in sorghum productivity in some countries and therefore, a threat to food security. Long smut (Sporisorium ehrenbergii Vanky) disease response was assessed in experiments on 51 sorghum accessions including 31 commercial hybrids and 20 cultivars from the United States of America (USA) in 2004 and 2005 at the Agronomic Research Stations in Bambey and Nioro, Senegal, West Africa. The highest disease incidence of 44.33% in 2004 and 16.47% in 2005 was observed in hybrid A425, and no infection was noted in hybrids 3552 and A571 in 2005 at both locations. Hybrids 730, 837, P84552, TR438, TR65G, and Wac660 exhibited low levels of infection. Among the cultivars and parental lines, SRN39 recorded the highest disease incidence of 48.0% followed by B.Tx623 with 45.8%, whereas B.9612 and R.9645 consistently recorded low levels of infection. These two cultivars B.9612 and R.9645 may possess genes for long smut resistance. All other promising sorghum cultivars and parental lines to be released/registered in the USA exhibited varied levels of susceptibility. In order to establish the sources of long smut resistance, it is of paramount importance to conduct additional screenings of aforesaid hybrids/lines in a wide spectrum of selections that would be carried out under varied environmental conditions. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Prom, Louis K.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Cisse, Ndiaga; Ndoye, Ousmane] Ctr Natl Rech Agron, Bambey, Senegal. RP Prom, LK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, 2765 F & B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM lprom@cgru.usda.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1771 EP 1776 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2007.03.011 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 244HI UT WOS:000251856600007 ER PT J AU Anderson, JA Chao, SM Liu, SX AF Anderson, James A. Chao, Shiaoman Liu, Sixin TI Molecular breeding using a major QTL for fusarium head blight resistance in wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Plant Breeding CY AUG 21-26, 2006 CL Mexico City, MEXICO ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; CHROMOSOME BIN MAP; SCAB RESISTANCE; SPRING WHEAT; PARENTAL SELECTION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT; BREAD WHEAT; GENE; POPULATIONS; RICE C1 [Anderson, James A.; Liu, Sixin] Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Chao, Shiaoman] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Anderson, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ander319@umn.edu NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 47 SU 3 BP S112 EP S119 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.04.0006IPBS PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 262BU UT WOS:000253124800010 ER PT J AU Friedman, AR Baker, BJ AF Friedman, Aaron R. Baker, Barbara J. TI The evolution of resistance genes in multi-protein plant resistance systems SO CURRENT OPINION IN GENETICS & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; DNA METHYLATION; III EFFECTOR; DIVERSIFYING SELECTION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; SEQUENCE EXCHANGE; TOMATO; RECOMBINATION AB The genomic perspective aids in integrating the analysis of single resistance (R-) genes into a higher order model of complex plant resistance systems. The majority of R-genes encode a class of proteins with nucleotide binding (NB) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains. Several R-proteins act in multi-protein R-complexes that mediate interaction with pathogen effectors to induce resistance signaling. The complexity of these systems seems to have resulted from multiple rounds of plant-pathogen co-evolution. R-gene evolution is thought to be facilitated by the formation of R-gene clusters, which permit sequence exchanges via recombinatorial mispairing and generate high haplotypic diversity. This pattern of evolution may also generate diversity at other loci that contribute to the R-complex. The rate of recombination at R-clusters is not necessarily homogeneous or consistent over evolutionary time: recent evidence suggests that recombination at R-clusters is increased following pathogen infection, suggesting a mechanism that induces temporary genome instability in response to extreme stress. DNA methylation and chromatin modifications may allow this instability to be conditionally regulated and targeted to specific genome regions. Knowledge of natural R-gene evolution may contribute to strategies for artificial evolution of novel resistance specificities. C1 [Friedman, Aaron R.; Baker, Barbara J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Friedman, Aaron R.; Baker, Barbara J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Baker, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bbaker@berkeley.edu RI Baker, Barbara/L-7198-2016 OI Baker, Barbara/0000-0002-1276-971X NR 62 TC 67 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 33 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0959-437X J9 CURR OPIN GENET DEV JI Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 6 BP 493 EP 499 DI 10.1016/j.gde.2007.08.014 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 244HL UT WOS:000251856900005 PM 17942300 ER PT J AU Neale, DB AF Neale, David B. TI Genomics to tree breeding and forest health SO CURRENT OPINION IN GENETICS & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID ASPEN POPULUS-TREMULA; CUPRESSACEAE SENSU-LATO; DNA-SEQUENCE VARIATION; NUCLEOTIDE DIVERSITY; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; CRYPTOMERIA-JAPONICA; ASSOCIATION GENETICS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; CANDIDATE GENES AB Genomic discovery in forest trees follows paradigms from both agricultural crop and livestock improvement and human medicine. Forest trees in a domesticated state can be improved using genomic-based breeding technologies, whereas the health of trees in a natural and undomesticated state might be managed using those same technologies. These applications begin by first dissecting complex traits in trees to their individual gene components and for that the association genetics approach is quite powerful in trees. This is true for several reasons including large, random mating, and unstructured populations and them rapid decay of linkage disequilibrium in many tree species. Once marker by trait associations are discovered, they can be used in genomic-based breeding and forest health diagnostics. Initial studies in trees have found ample nucleotide diversity in candidate genes to perform association studies and single nucleotide polymorphisms have been associated with economic and adaptive traits. Population genetic neutrality tests have been applied to identify genes probably under natural selection and thus make good candidates for developing forest health diagnostic tools. C1 [Neale, David B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Neale, David B.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dbneale@ucdavis.edu NR 36 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 22 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0959-437X J9 CURR OPIN GENET DEV JI Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 6 BP 539 EP 544 DI 10.1016/j.gde.2007.10.002 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 244HL UT WOS:000251856900012 PM 18060764 ER PT J AU Koonen, DPY Jacobs, RL Febbraio, M Young, ME Soltys, CLM Ong, H Vance, DE Dyck, JRB AF Koonen, Debby P. Y. Jacobs, Rene L. Febbraio, Maria Young, Martin E. Soltys, Carrie-Lynn M. Ong, Huy Vance, Dennis E. Dyck, Jason R. B. TI Increased hepatic CD36 expression contributes to dyslipidemia associated with diet-induced obesity SO DIABETES LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID TRANSPORT; LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; MUSCLE INSULIN-RESISTANCE; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; TARGETED DELETION; HYPERTENSIVE-RATS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; VLDL RECEPTOR; OB/OB MICE AB OBJECTIVE-The etiology of type 2 diabetes often involves diet-induced obesity (DIO), which is associated with elevated plasma fatty acids and lipoprotein associated triglycerides. Since aberrant hepatic fatty acid uptake may contribute to this, we investigated whether increased expression of a fatty acid transport protein (CD36) in the liver during DIO contributes to the dyslipidemia that precedes development of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-We determined the effect DIO has on hepatic CD36 protein expression and the functional consequence of this in terms of hepatic triglyceride storage and secretion. In addition, in vivo adenoviral gene delivery of CD36 to the livers of lean mice was performed to determine if increased hepatic CD36 protein was sufficient to alter hepatic fatty acid uptake and triglyceride storage and secretion. RESULTS-During DIO, CD36 protein levels in the liver are significantly elevated, and these elevated levels correlate with increased hepatic triglyceride storage and secretion. These alterations in liver lipid storage and secretion were also observed upon forced expression of hepatic CD36 in the absence of DIO and were accompanied with a marked rise in hepatic fatty acid uptake in vivo, demonstrating that increased CD36 expression is sufficient to recapitulate the aberrant liver lipid handling observed in DIO. CONCLUSIONS-Increased expression of hepatic CD36 protein in response to DIO is sufficient to exacerbate hepatic triglyceride storage and secretion. As these CD36-mediated effects contribute to the dyslipidemia that often precedes the development of type 2 diabetes, increased hepatic CD36 expression likely plays a causative role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. C1 Univ Alberta, Heritage Med Res Ctr 474, Fac Med & Dent, Dept Pediat,Cardiovasc Res Grp, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada. Univ Alberta, Fac Med & Dent, Dept Biochem, CIHR Grp Mol & Cellular Biol Lipids, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Lerner Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Montreal, Fac Med, Dept Pharmacol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Montreal, Fac Pharm, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. RP Dyck, JRB (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Heritage Med Res Ctr 474, Fac Med & Dent, Dept Pediat,Cardiovasc Res Grp, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada. EM jason.dyck@ualberta.ca FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-074259-01] NR 50 TC 156 Z9 164 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0012-1797 J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD DEC PY 2007 VL 56 IS 12 BP 2863 EP 2871 DI 10.2337/db07-0907 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 237HS UT WOS:000251365400006 PM 17728375 ER PT J AU Strissel, KJ Stancheva, Z Miyoshi, H Perfield, JW DeFuria, J Jick, Z Greenberg, AS Obin, MS AF Strissel, Katherine J. Stancheva, Zlatina Miyoshi, Hideaki Perfield, James W., II DeFuria, Jason Jick, Zoe Greenberg, Andrew S. Obin, Martin S. TI Adipocyte death, adipose tissue remodeling, and obesity complications SO DIABETES LA English DT Article ID MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1; INDUCED INSULIN-RESISTANCE; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MACROPHAGE INFILTRATION; HEPATIC STEATOSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; VISCERAL FAT; CRUCIAL ROLE; MICE; DIFFERENTIATION AB OBJECTIVE-We sought to determine the role of adipocyte death in obesity-induced adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and obesity complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet for 20 weeks to induce obesity. Every 4 weeks, insulin resistance was assessed by intraperitoneal insulin tolerance tests I and epididymal (eAT) and inguinal subcutaneous AT (iAT) and livers were harvested for histological, immunohistochemical, and gene expression analyses. RESULTS-Frequency of adipocyte death in eAT increased from < 0.1% at baseline to 16% at week 12, coincident with increases in 1) depot weight; 2) AT macrophages (ATM Phi s) expressing F4/80 and CD11c; 3) mRNA for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-l, and interleukin (IL)-10; and 4) insulin resistance. ATM Phi s in crown-like structures surrounding dead adipocytes expressed TNF-alpha and IL-6 proteins. Adipocyte number began to decline at week 12. At week 16, adipocyte death reached similar to 80%, coincident with maximal expression of CD11c and inflammatory genes, loss (40%) of eAT mass, widespread collagen deposition, and accelerated hepatic macrosteatosis. By week 20, adipocyte number was restored with small adipocytes, coincident with reduced adipocyte death (fourfold), CD11c and MCP-1 gene expression (twofold), and insulin resistance (35%). eAT weight did not increase at week 20 and was inversely correlated with liver weight after week 12 (r = -0.85, P < 0.001). In iAT, adipocyte death was first detected at week 12 and remained <= 3%. CONCLUSIONS-These results implicate depot-selective adipocyte death and M Phi-mediated AT remodeling in inflammatory and metabolic complications of murine obesity. C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Obes & Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Obin, MS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, HNRCA, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM andrew.greenberg@tufts.edu; martin.obin@tufts.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [5R01DK-50647, P30 DK046200-14] NR 50 TC 392 Z9 402 U1 8 U2 30 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0012-1797 J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD DEC PY 2007 VL 56 IS 12 BP 2910 EP 2918 DI 10.2337/db07-0767 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 237HS UT WOS:000251365400012 PM 17848624 ER PT J AU Millar, CI Stephenson, NL Stephens, SL AF Millar, Constance I. Stephenson, Nathan L. Stephens, Scott L. TI Climate change and forests of the future: Managing in the face of uncertainty SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; climate change; desired conditions; ecosystem management; facilitated conservation; forest management; historical variability; resilience; resistance; wildfire ID POTENTIAL FIRE BEHAVIOR; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; GLOBAL CLIMATE; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS; CARBON; VARIABILITY; STRATEGIES; CALIFORNIA AB We offer a conceptual framework for managing forested ecosystems under an assumption that future environments will be different from present but that we cannot be certain about the specifics of change. We encourage flexible approaches that promote reversible and incremental steps, and that favor ongoing learning and capacity to modify direction as situations change. We suggest that no single solution fits all future challenges, especially in the context of changing climates, and that the best strategy is to mix different approaches for different situations. Resources managers will be challenged to integrate adaptation strategies ( actions that help ecosystems accommodate changes adaptively) and mitigation strategies ( actions that enable ecosystems to reduce anthropogenic influences on global climate) into overall plans. Adaptive strategies include resistance options ( forestall impacts and protect highly valued resources), resilience options ( improve the capacity of ecosystems to return to desired conditions after disturbance), and response options ( facilitate transition of ecosystems from current to new conditions). Mitigation strategies include options to sequester carbon and reduce overall greenhouse gas emissions. Priority-setting approaches ( e. g., triage), appropriate for rapidly changing conditions and for situations where needs are greater than available capacity to respond, will become increasingly important in the future. C1 [Millar, Constance I.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Stephenson, Nathan L.] US Geol Survey, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. [Stephens, Scott L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Ecosyst Sci, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Millar, CI (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific SW Res Stn, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM cmillar@fs.fed.us NR 45 TC 585 Z9 602 U1 43 U2 372 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2145 EP 2151 DI 10.1890/06-1715.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 242QF UT WOS:000251739800002 PM 18213958 ER PT J AU Davis, FW Seo, C Zielinski, WJ AF Davis, Frank W. Seo, Changwan Zielinski, William J. TI Regional variation in home-range-scale habitat models for fisher (Martes pennanti) in California SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE California; USA; fisher; forest carnivore; generalized additive model (GAM); GIS; habitat model; Martes pennanti; receiver operating characteristic; ROC ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION; PREDICTION; ANIMALS; NICHE; HAIR; SNOW AB We analyzed recent survey data and mapped environmental variables integrated over a home range scale of 10 km(2) to model the distribution of fisher ( Martes pennanti) habitat in California, USA. Our goal was to identify habitat factors associated with the current distribution of fishers in California, and to test whether those factors differ for widely disjunct northern and southern populations. Our analyses were designed to probe whether poor habitat quality can explain the current absence of fishers in the historically occupied central and northern Sierra Nevada region that separates these two populations. Fishers were detected at 64/433 (14.8%) sample units, including 35/111 (32%) of sample units in the Klamath/Shasta region and 28/88 (32%) of sample units in the southern Sierra Nevada. Generalized additive models (GAM) that included mean annual precipitation, topographic relief, forest structure, and a spatial autocovariate term best predicted fisher detections over the species' recent historical range in California. Models derived using forest structure data from ground plots were comparable to models derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery. Models for the disjunct Klamath/Cascades and southern Sierra Nevada populations selected different environmental factors and showed low agreement in the spatial pattern of model predictions. Including a spatial autocovariate term significantly improved model fits for all models except the southern Sierra Nevada. We cannot rule out dispersal or habitat in explaining the absence of fishers in the northern and central Sierra Nevada, but mapped habitat quality is low over much of the region. Landscapes with good fisher habitat may exist in rugged forested canyons of the currently unoccupied northern Sierra Nevada, but these areas are fragmented and at least 60 km from the nearest recent fisher detections. C1 [Davis, Frank W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Seo, Changwan] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Zielinski, William J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Davis, FW (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM fd@bren.ucsb.edu RI Davis, Frank/B-7010-2009 OI Davis, Frank/0000-0002-4643-5718 NR 71 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 23 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2195 EP 2213 DI 10.1890/06-1484.1 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 242QF UT WOS:000251739800007 PM 18213963 ER PT J AU McComb, BC Spies, TA Olsen, KA AF McComb, Brenda C. Spies, Thomas A. Olsen, Keith A. TI Sustaining biodiversity in the Oregon Coast Range: Potential effects of forest policies in a multi-ownership province SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE forest habitat; forest planning; habitat scaling; landscape spatial scale; wildlife habitat relationships ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS; WESTERN OREGON; PILEATED WOODPECKERS; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; OLD FORESTS; HOME-RANGE; CONSERVATION; HABITAT; USA; VARIABILITY AB To understand the potential effects of forest policies on sustaining biological diversity at broad scales, we used spatial simulation models to evaluate current and potential future habitat availability over 100 yr for three focal species: Pacific Fisher ( Martes pennanti), Pileated Woodpecker ( Dryocopus pileatus), and Warbling Vireo ( Vireo gilvus). The habitats of these species represent a broad range of spatial scales and forest types. Area of habitat for fishers and Pileated Woodpeckers is predicted to increase over time under current forest land management policies. Habitat for Warbling Vireos is predicted to decline. These patterns are consistent with past analyses that predicted declines in diverse early successional forests and hardwood forests and increases in late-successional forests under current and two alternative policies. Land ownership influenced the spatial arrangement of habitat for all three focal species. Public lands subsidized habitat for wide-ranging species on adjacent private lands. A land use policy that required greater green tree retention on private lands seemed to result in modest increases in habitat quality over 100 yr for Pileated Woodpeckers. Thinning of plantations on federal lands had little effect on these focal species. Policy analyses such as these highlight incongruities between historic habitat patterns and contemporary spatial and temporal scales of habitat in managed landscapes. This information can be used to assess risks and inform the policy debates surrounding biodiversity conservation. C1 [McComb, Brenda C.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Spies, Thomas A.] USDA, Forest Serv Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. [Olsen, Keith A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP McComb, BC (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 12 IS 2 AR 29 PG 23 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 250OW UT WOS:000252310900015 ER PT J AU Jay, MT Cooley, M Carychao, D Wiscomb, GW Sweitzer, RA Crawford-Miksza, L Farrar, JA Lau, DK O'Connell, J Millington, A Asmundson, RV Atwill, ER Mandrell, RE AF Jay, Michele T. Cooley, Michael Carychao, Diana Wiscomb, Gerald W. Sweitzer, Richard A. Crawford-Miksza, Leta Farrar, Jeff A. Lau, David K. O'Connell, Janice Millington, Anne Asmundson, Roderick V. Atwill, Edward R. Mandrell, Robert E. TI Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in feral swine near spinach fields and cattle, central California coast SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 107th General Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY 21-25, 2007 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID PIG-POPULATIONS; SALMONELLA; PREVALENCE; PULSENET; SIZES AB We investigated involvement of feral swine in contamination of agricultural fields and surface waterways with Escherichia coli O157:H7 after a nationwide outbreak traced to bagged spinach from California. Isolates from feral swine, cattle, surface water, sediment, and soil at 1 ranch were matched to the outbreak strain. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Food & Drug Lab Branch, Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Western Inst Food Safety & Secur, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, CA USA. USDA, Albany, CA USA. USDA, Sacramento, CA USA. Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Sacramento, CA USA. US FDA, Alameda, CA USA. RP Jay, MT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Food & Drug Lab Branch, Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Western Inst Food Safety & Secur, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM michele.jayrussell@cdph.ca.gov NR 15 TC 183 Z9 185 U1 0 U2 17 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 12 BP 1908 EP 1911 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 238KN UT WOS:000251446600018 PM 18258044 ER PT J AU Thorpe, KW Tcheslavskaia, KS Tobin, PC Blackbum, LM Leonard, DS Roberts, EA AF Thorpe, Kevin W. Tcheslavskaia, Ksenia S. Tobin, Patrick C. Blackbum, Laura M. Leonard, Donna S. Roberts, E. Anderson TI Persistent effects of aerial applications of disparlure on gypsy moth: trap catch and mating success SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; mating disruption; flake; Lepidoptera; Lymantriidae ID LEPIDOPTERA; PHEROMONE; LYMANTRIIDAE; DISRUPTION; CONTAMINATION; POPULATIONS; ATTRACTANT; RELEASE AB In forest plots treated aerially with a plastic laminated flake formulation (Disrupt((R)) II) of the gypsy moth sex pheromone disparlure to disrupt gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), mating was monitored the year of treatment and 1-2 years after treatment to determine the effects of the treatment on suppression of trap catch and mating success. In the year of treatment, there was a greater than 95% reduction in trap catch and a greater than 98% reduction in mating success compared to controls. One year after treatment at a dosage of 37.5 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha(-1), trap catch was reduced by 46-56% and mating success was reduced by 60-79%. Both trap catch and mating success were significantly reduced compared to controls in plots treated 1 year previously at 15 g a.i. ha(-1). Trap catch, but not mating success, was significantly reduced 2 years after treatment at 37.5 g a.i. ha(-1). The efficacy of mating disruption (MD) treatments in the Slow-the-Spread of the Gypsy Moth program was significantly reduced 2 years compared to 1 year after treatment. No such reduction was observed in plots treated with aerial applications of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki. The higher apparent efficacy of MD treatments 1 year after application may result to some extent from the suppression of moth capture in pheromone traps from the persistent effects of the previous year's treatment. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. RP Thorpe, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM thorpek@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Onufrieva, Ksenia/A-4609-2008 OI Onufrieva, Ksenia/0000-0002-8424-850X NR 22 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 125 IS 3 BP 223 EP 229 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00613.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 230ZU UT WOS:000250916300001 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Gitz, DC Sicherb, RC Baker, JT Timlin, DJ Reddy, VR AF Kim, Soo-Hyung Gitz, Dennis C. Sicherb, Richard C. Baker, Jeffrey T. Timlin, Dennis J. Reddy, Vangirnalla R. TI Temperature dependence of growth, development, and photosynthesis in maize under elevated CO2 SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE zea mays; C4 plant; photosynthesis; temperature; interaction-; CO2; enrichment; acclimation; global climate change; stomatal conductance; C-4 enzymes; sunlit sirowth chambers; model parameters ID DRY-MATTER ACCUMULATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; C-4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LEAF-APPEARANCE; GAS-EXCHANGE; C4 PLANTS; ZEA-MAYS; LEAVES AB Global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (C-a) are rising. As a consequence, recent climate models have projected that global surface air temperature may increase 1.4-5.8 degrees C with the doubling of C-a by the end of the century. Because, changes in C-a and temperature are likely to occur concomitantly, it is important to evaluate how the temperature dependence of key physiological processes are affected by rising C-a in major crop plants including maize (Zea mays L.), a globally important grain crop with C-4 photosynthetic pathway. We investigated the temperature responses of photosynthesis, growth, and development of maize plants grown at five temperature regimes ranging from 19/13 to 38.5/32.5 degrees C under current (370 mu mol mol(-1)) and doubled (750 mu mol mol(-1)) C-a throughout the vegetative stages using sunlit controlled environmental chambers in order to test if the temperature dependence of these processes was altered by elevated C-a Leaf and canopy photosynthetic rates, C-4 enzyme activities. leaf appearance rates, above ground biomass accumulation and leaf area were measured. We then applied temperature response functions (e.g.. Arrhenius and Beta distribution models) to fit the measured data in order to provide parameter estimates of the temperature dependence p for modeling photosynthesis and development at current and elevated C-a in maize. Biomass, leaf area, leaf appearance rate, and photosynthesis measured at growth C-a was not changed in response to CO2 enrichment. Carboxylation efficiency and the activities Of C-4 enzymes were reduced with CO2 enrichment indicating possible photosynthetic acclimation of the C-4 cycle. All measured parameters responded to growth temperatures. p Leaf appearance rate and leaf photosynthesis showed curvilinear response with optimal temperatures near 32 and 34 degrees C, respectively. Total above,ground biomass and leaf area were negatively correlated with growth temperature. The dependence of leaf appearance rate, biomass, leaf area, leaf and canopy photosynthesis. and C-4 enzyme activities on growth temperatures was comparable between current and elevated C-a. The results of this study suggest that the temperature effects on growth, development, and photosynthesis may remain unchanged in elevated C-a compared with current C-a in maize. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Box 354115, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM soohkim@u.washington.edu RI Kim, Soo-Hyung/A-3012-2009 OI Kim, Soo-Hyung/0000-0003-3879-4080 NR 55 TC 58 Z9 74 U1 5 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 61 IS 3 BP 224 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.06.005 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 230XS UT WOS:000250910300002 ER PT J AU Byers, JA AF Byers, John A. TI Simulation of mating disruption and mass trapping with competitive attraction and camouflage SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mating disruption; mass trapping; integrated pest management; pheromone plumes; computer simulation model ID ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH; INSECT PEST-CONTROL; WESTERN PINE-BEETLE; SEX-PHEROMONE; BARK BEETLE; COMMUNICATION DISRUPTION; ARGYROTAENIA-VELUTINANA; CHORISTONEURA-ROSACEANA; GRAPHOLITA-MOLESTA; REDBANDED LEAFROLLER AB Simulation models of mass trapping and mating disruption were developed based on correlated random walks (CBW) of flying male moths searching for females. Males encountered pheromone plumes, transformed into a circular probability surface represented as an effective attraction radius (EAR), from females and from dispensers with or without traps. In simulations, parameters of dispenser EAR and density, female EAR and density, female stationary periods, male density, and male orienting times in FAR of dispensers or females were varied, whereas the male CRW parameters (speed, turning angle, and step size) remained constant to evaluate effects on the percentages of females mating. When male orienting time was constant regardless of FAR, the models indicated no difference in mating disruption efficacy between either a higher density of dispensers with smaller EAR or a lower density of dispensers with a compensating larger EAR. However, when the orienting time was increased in proportion to dispenser EAR, fewer dispensers with larger EAR were more effective in reducing female mating than were more numerous ones with smaller EAR. When costs of pheromone are substantial, however, more numerous dispensers of smaller EAR would be more economical because dose-response curves in previous studies indicate release rate must increase exponentially to achieve a linear increase in EAR. The models are useful in understanding the variables affecting the success of insect control programs. More precise measurements of the above parameters in the field are needed before the models can precisely predict outcomes of mating disruption and mass trapping. C1 USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Byers, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM jbyers@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 64 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1328 EP 1338 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[1328:SOMDAM]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 247ER UT WOS:000252060700004 PM 18284760 ER PT J AU Milbrath, LR Deloach, CJ Tracy, JL AF Milbrath, Lindsey R. Deloach, C. Jack Tracy, James L. TI Overwintering survival, phenology, voltinism, and reproduction among different populations of the leaf beetle Diorhabda elongata (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE weed biological control; Diorhabda elongata; saltcedar; Tamarix ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; SALTCEDAR TAMARIX SPP.; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; HOST-SPECIFICITY; TAMARICACEAE; RANGE; RISK AB The classical biological control program for exotic saltcedars (various Tamarix species and hybrids) has involved the assessment of different populations of the leaf beetle Diorhabda elongata (Brulle) s.l. that are promising for release in areas of North America that are located south of 37 degrees N latitude. We report here the overwintering survival, phenology, and voltinism of four D. elongata populations (Tunisia, Crete, Uzbekistan, and Turpan) in eastcentral Texas. In addition, we studied their developmental and reproductive biology, which also included the previously released population from Fukang, China. Overwintering survival of the adult beetles of the Crete and Tunisia populations was 90-99 and 75%, respectively. The Uzbekistan and Turpan beetles had < 31% overwintering survival. All D. elongata populations began ovipositing in late March. The Turpan beetle may produce three summer generations and ceased oviposition by September. The Crete beetle produced four summer generations plus a partial fifth generation and ceased ovipositing by mid-October. Both the Tunisia and Uzbekistan beetles produced five summer generations plus an unsuccessful partial sixth generation; oviposition extended into late November. Larval development and survival were generally similar among D. elongata populations. The Turpan and Fukang beetles had a shorter preoviposition period and produced more but smaller egg masses than the other beetle populations. However, this did not alter a female's lifetime fecundity and generally did not affect the innate capacity for increase compared with other populations. The Crete beetle seems to be the most promising for release in central Texas and points further south. C1 [Milbrath, Lindsey R.] USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Deloach, C. Jack; Tracy, James L.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Milbrath, LR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM Lindsey.Milbrath@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1356 EP 1364 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[1356:OSPVAR]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 247ER UT WOS:000252060700007 PM 18284763 ER PT J AU Balciunas, JK Korotyaev, BA AF Balciunas, Joe K. Korotyaev, Boris A. TI Larval densities and field hosts of Ceratapion basicorne (Coleoptera : Apionidae) and an illustrated key to the adults of Ceratapion spp. that feed on thistles in the Eastern Mediterranean and black sea regions SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control of weeds; Centaurea solstitialis; Centaurea species; Ceratapion species ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; CENTAUREA-SOLSTITIALIS ASTERACEAE; YELLOW STARTHISTLE; RANGE AB Many members of the tribe Cardueae are invasive weeds, including yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.), one of the most important weeds in the Western United States. We examined the root crowns and stems of yellow starthistle and related plants growing in five countries (Armenia, Republic of Georgia, Greece, Russia, and Turkey) where yellow starthistle is native. In its native range, the root crowns and lower stems of yellow starthistle are frequently attacked by the internal feeding larvae of apionid weevils. We present illustrations and a key to the adults of the six apionid species that we reared from yellow starthistle and its relatives: Ceratapion basicorne (Illiger), C. carduorum (Kirby), C. gibbirostre (Gyllenhal), C. onopodri (Kirby), C. orientale (Gerstaecker), and C. penetrans (Germar). The only apionid we reared from yellow starthistle was C. basicome. In Turkey, where we collected most intensively, 58% of the yellow starthistle at 20 sites had larvae of this weevil, and at sites where C. basicorne was present, there were an average of 1.8 immatures per yellow starthistle plant. This apionid is currently being further researched for its potential as a biological control agent for yellow star-thistle. C1 [Balciunas, Joe K.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Exot & Invasive Weed Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Korotyaev, Boris A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RP Balciunas, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Exot & Invasive Weed Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM joe@pw.usda.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1421 EP 1429 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[1421:LDAFHO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 247ER UT WOS:000252060700014 PM 18284770 ER PT J AU Knight, AL AF Knight, A. L. TI Adjusting the phenology model of codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) in Washington state apple orchards SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; apple; phenology; pest management ID CYDIA-POMONELLA LEPIDOPTERA; PHEROMONE TRAP CATCHES; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; LASPEYRESIA-POMONELLA; PEST-MANAGEMENT; OLETHREUTIDAE; POPULATIONS; TIME; CALIFORNIA; TOXICITY AB Studies were conducted with codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., to fit cumulative curves for the occurrence of injured fruits and mate moth catches in sex pheromone-baited traps as a function of accumulated degree-days after the start of moth flight. Twelve data sets were collected from seven apple, Malus domestica Bordhausen, Orchards in Washington State from 2003 to 2006. Cumulative data were grouped across years for orchards either treated with sex pheromone dispensers or untreated and fit to logistic equations for both the first and second generation. No significant differences were found for the cumulative curves of moth flight or egg hatch between pheromone-treated and untreated orchards; thus, these data were combined. These new logistic models for moth flight and egg hatch were compared with a widely used distributed-delay model originally developed in Michigan. The cumulative flight curves for the logistic and distributed-delay models were statistically different (slopes) for the first but not the second generation. Cumulative egg hatch in the logistic model was significantly different from the distributed-delay model (intercepts and slopes) for both generations. Most strikingly, the timing of 50% egg hatch during the first generation was delayed 100 DD in the logistic model. The potential impact of this change in the characterization of codling moth's phenology on the effectiveness of insecticide programs targeting eggs and newly eclosed larvae was examined. Possible explanations for this significant difference between the models are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Knight, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM aknight@yarl.ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1485 EP 1493 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[1485:ATPMOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 247ER UT WOS:000252060700021 PM 18284777 ER PT J AU Watson, A Glaspell, B Christensen, N Lachapelle, P Sahanatien, V Gertsch, F AF Watson, Alan Glaspell, Brian Christensen, Neal Lachapelle, Paul Sahanatien, Vicki Gertsch, Frances TI Giving voice to wildlands visitors: Selecting indicators to protect and sustain experiences in the eastern arctic of Nunavut SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE limits of acceptable change; recreation; social indicators; wilderness; parks management; visitor experiences; factors of influence ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; NATIONAL-PARK; HEALTH; WILDERNESS; COMMUNITY; FRAMEWORK; IMPACTS AB Many public land management agencies are committed to understanding and protecting recreation visitor experiences. Parks Canada is deeply committed to that objective for visitors to Canada's National Parks. This 2004 study, informed by a 2003 qualitative study of visitor experiences and influences on those experiences at Auyuittuq National Park in Nunavut, worked to bring 50 potential elements of visitor experiences down to five articulated dimensions of the experience that is currently being received at this remote eastern arctic park. A hypothesized set of 17 influences on experiences, also reduced to just two factors with similar response patterns, and with some items that did not flow into the two factors, were used in a regression analysis to understand the relationship between experiences and factors of influence. A sample of 61.8% (84) of the total recreation visitor population 16 years of age or older was surveyed during deregistration after the trip. Knowledge about the dimensions of the experiences currently received and factors of influence on those experiences can be used to guide selection of indicators for describing objectives and prescribing monitoring protocol. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Conservat Planning & Policy, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Polit Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Pk Canada, Edmonton, AB T6E 4W2, Canada. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6E 4W2, Canada. Natl Human Use Management Specialist, Gatineau, PQ K1A OM5, Canada. RP Watson, A (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM awatson@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 40 IS 6 BP 880 EP 888 DI 10.1007/s00267-007-9019-9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 235HQ UT WOS:000251224800006 PM 17882480 ER PT J AU Snyder, SA Miller, JR Skibbe, AM Haight, RG AF Snyder, Stephanie A. Miller, James R. Skibbe, Adam M. Haight, Robert G. TI Habitat acquisition strategies for grassland birds in an urbanizing landscape SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE open space; optimization; reserve design; site selection; urbanization ID RESERVE SITE SELECTION; PATCH SIZE; PROGRAMMING APPROACH; BREEDING BIRDS; AREA SELECTION; CONSERVATION; NETWORK; FRAGMENTATION; OPTIMIZATION; DESIGN AB Habitat protection for grassland birds is an important component of open space land acquisition in suburban Chicago. We use optimization decision models to develop recommendations for land protection and analyze tradeoffs between alternative goals. One goal is to acquire (and restore if necessary) as much grassland habitat as possible for a given budget. Because a viable habitat for grassland birds consists of a relatively large core area with additional parcels of grassland habitat nearby, the second goal is to minimize total pairwise distance between newly protected parcels and large existing reserves. We also use the concept of an effective grassland habitat area, which considers influences that neighboring land covers have on grassland habitat suitability. We analyze how the parcels selected for protection change as total protected effective area is traded off against total distance. As area is weighted more heavily, the selected parcels are scattered and unconnected. As total distance is weighted more heavily, the selected parcels coalesce around core reserves but protect less area. The differences in selected parcels as we change the objective function weights are caused by the differences in price per unit of effective habitat area across parcels. Parcels located in close proximity to the existing cores have relatively high prices per hectare of effective grassland area as a consequence of high restoration costs and adverse influences from roads, urban areas and/or forestland. As a result, these parcels have lower priority for selection when the area objective is weighted more heavily for a given budget. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Landscape Architecture, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Snyder, SA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM stephaniesnyder@fs.fed.us NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 40 IS 6 BP 981 EP 992 DI 10.1007/s00267-007-9025-y PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 235HQ UT WOS:000251224800014 PM 17917770 ER PT J AU Banuelos, GS Lin, ZQ AF Banuelos, G. S. Lin, Z. -Q. TI Acceleration of selenium volatilization in seleniferous agricultural drainage sediments amended with methionine and casein SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE drainage sediments; selenium; volatilization; methionme and casein ID SOIL-MOISTURE; BIOLOGICAL VOLATILIZATION; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; ORGANIC AMENDMENTS; DIMETHYL SELENIDE; VOLATILE SELENIUM; HIGHER-PLANTS; WATER; BIOMETHYLATION; BIOREMEDIATION AB Phytore mediation is potentially effective for managing excessive selenium (Se) in drainage sediment residing in the San Luis Drain in central California. This 2-year field study examined the feasibility of amending drainage sediment (containing 4.78 mu g Se g(-1)) with methionine and casein to enhance volatilization without or with vegetation of Sporobolus airoides. Results show that without organic amendments, rates of Se volatilization were less than 25 mu g m(-2) d(-1) in all plots. After amending the sediment with 71.4 mg methionine kg(-1) soil, Se volatilization rates were 434 +/- 107 mu g m(-2) d(-1) in vegetated plots and 289 +/- 117 mu g m(-2) d(-1) in irrigated bare plots. With the amendment of 572 mg casein kg(-1) soil. rates increased to 346 +/- 103 mu g m(-2) d(-1) in irrigated bare plots and to 114 +/- 55 mu g m(-2) d(-1) in vegetated plots. Both methionine and casein promoted biological remediation of Se via volatilization most effectively during the warmest months. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Banuelos, G. S.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Lin, Z. -Q.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. [Lin, Z. -Q.] So Illinois Univ, Environm Sci Program, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. RP Banuelos, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM gbanuelos@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 150 IS 3 BP 306 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.02.009 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 247EU UT WOS:000252061000003 PM 17445958 ER PT J AU King, KW Balogh, JC Harmel, RD AF King, K. W. Balogh, J. C. Harmel, R. D. TI Nutrient flux in storm water runoff and baseflow from managed turf SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE nitrate; dissolved reactive phosphorus; urban; water quality; golf; watershed ID GOLF-COURSES; PRECAMBRIAN SHIELD; NITRATE-NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS LOSS; SURFACE-WATER; LAND USES; TURFGRASS; QUALITY; URBAN; PESTICIDE AB The urban landscape is comprised of many land uses, none more intensively managed than turfgrass; however, quantification of nutrient losses from specific land uses within urban watersheds, specifically golf courses is limited. Nitrate (NO3-N) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) were measured on a golf course in Austin, TX,: USA from April 1, 1998 to March 31, 2003. NO3-N and DRP concentrations measured in storm flow were significantly greater exiting the course compared to those entering the course. Significant differences were also measured in baseflow NO3-N concentrations. The measured loading from the course was 4.0 kg NO3-N ha(-1) yr(-1) (11% of applied) and 0.66 kg DRP ha(-1) yr(-1) (8% of applied). The resulting concentrations contributed by the course were 1.2 mg L-1 NO3-N and 0.2 mg L-1 DRP. At these levels, NO3-N poses minimal environmental risk. However, the DRP concentration is twice the recommended level to guard against eutrophication. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [King, K. W.] USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Balogh, J. C.] Spectrum Res Inc, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [Harmel, R. D.] USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP King, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM king.220@osu.edu RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 150 IS 3 BP 321 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.01.038 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 247EU UT WOS:000252061000005 PM 17382439 ER PT J AU Cheng, FY Burkey, KO Robinson, JM Booker, FL AF Cheng, Fang-Yi Burkey, Kent O. Robinson, J. Michael Booker, Fitzgerald L. TI Leaf extracellular ascorbate in relation to O(3) tolerance of two soybean cultivars SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE antioxidant capacity; apoplast; ascorbic acid; dehydroascorbic acid; ozone tolerance; soybean ID DIFFERENTIAL OZONE TOLERANCE; CELL-DEATH; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; OXIDATIVE BURST; REDOX STATUS; L LEAVES; ACID; PLANTS; APOPLAST; AIR AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars Essex and Forrest that exhibit differences in ozone (03) sensitivity were used in greenhouse experiments to investigate the role of leaf extracellular antioxidants in 03 injury responses. Charcoal-filtered air and elevated 03 conditions were used to assess genetic, leaf age, and 03 effects. In both cultivars, the extracellular ascorbate pool consisted of 80-98% dehydroascorbic acid, the oxidized form of ascorbic acid (AA) that is not an antioxidant. For all combinations of genotype and 03 treatments, extracellular AA levels were low (1-30 nmol g(-1) FW) and represented 3-30% of the total antioxidant capacity. Total extracellular antioxidant capacity was twofold greater in Essex compared with Forrest, consistent with greater 03 tolerance of Essex. The results suggest that extracellular antioxidant metabolites in addition to ascorbate contribute to detoxification Of 03 in soybean leaves and possibly affect plant sensitivity to 03 injury. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheng, Fang-Yi; Burkey, Kent O.; Booker, Fitzgerald L.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Cheng, Fang-Yi; Burkey, Kent O.; Booker, Fitzgerald L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Robinson, J. Michael] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Burkey, KO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM koburkey@unity.ncsu.edu NR 49 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 150 IS 3 BP 355 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.01.022 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 247EU UT WOS:000252061000009 PM 17442469 ER PT J AU Mcconnell, LL Rice, CP Hapeman, CJ Drakeford, L Harman-Fetcho, JA Bialek, K Fulton, MH Leight, AK Allen, G AF Mcconnell, Laura L. Rice, Clifford P. Hapeman, Cathleen J. Drakeford, Leticia Harman-Fetcho, Jennifer A. Bialek, Krystyna Fulton, Michael H. Leight, Andrew K. Allen, Gregory TI Agricultural pesticides and selected degradation products in five tidal regions and the main stem of Chesapeake Bay, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plant Uptake of Organic Pollutants CY NOV, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD SP SETAC DE chesapeake bay; pesticides; herbicides; metolachlor; atrazine ID SUSQUEHANNA RIVER; PATUXENT RIVER; ATRAZINE; HERBICIDE; SOIL; METOLACHLOR; DEPOSITION; MOVEMENT; ALACHLOR; LOADINGS AB Nutrients, sediment, and toxics from water sources and the surrounding airshed are major problems contributing to poor water quality in many regions of the Chesapeake Bay, an important estuary located in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. During the early spring of 2000, surface water samples were collected for pesticide analysis from 18 stations spanning the Chesapeake Bay. In a separate effort from July to September of 2004, 61 stations within several tidal regions were characterized with respect to 21 pesticides and 11 of their degradation products. Three regions were located on the agricultural Delmarva Peninsula: The Chester, Nanticoke, and Pocomoke Rivers. Two regions were located on the more urban western shore: The Rhode and South Rivers and the Lower Mobjack Bay, including the Back and Poquoson Rivers. In both studies, herbicides and their degradation products were the most frequently detected chemicals. In 2000, atrazine and metolachlor were found at all 18 stations. In 2004, the highest parent herbicide concentrations were found in the upstream region of Chester River. The highest concentration for any analyte in these studies was for the ethane sulfonic acid of metolachlor (MESA) at 2,900 ng/L in the Nanticoke River. The degradation product MESA also had the greatest concentration of any analyte in the Pocomoke River (2,100 ng/L) and in the Chester River (1,200 ng/L). In the agricultural tributaries, herbicide degradation product concentrations were more strongly correlated with salinity than the parent herbicides. In the two nonagricultural watersheds on the western shore, no gradient in herbicide concentrations was observed, indicating the pesticide source to these areas was water from the Bay main stem. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. US EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Mcconnell, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM aura.mcconnell@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2567 EP 2578 DI 10.1897/06-655.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 231OQ UT WOS:000250959300012 PM 18020682 ER PT J AU Eifler, DA Smith, E AF Eifler, D. A. Smith, E. TI Patch use by foraging whiptail lizards (Aspidoscelis uniparens) SO ETHOLOGY ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE lizard; Aspidoscelis; patch use; foraging; giving-up density ID ASSESSMENT ABILITIES; DESERT GRANIVORES; DIET SELECTIVITY; PREY; BEHAVIOR AB We examined food patch assessment for the lizard Aspidoscelis uniparens by determining giving-up densities among lizards foraging for flour beetle larvae (Tribolium confusum) in a sand matrix. Captive lizards were presented with pairs of patches differing in prey density, substrate color, or substrate texture. When patches differed in initial prey density, giving-up densities were equalized. Patch substrate (color or texture) initially influenced giving-up density, but after the first exposure to the experimental substrates, giving-up densities were equal in subsequent trials. Our results indicate that A. uniparens can accurately assess patch quality for fossorial prey in a manner consistent with the presence of a prescient strategy and that factors other than food density can influence patch use. C1 [Eifler, D. A.] Haskell Indian Nations Univ, USDA Forest Serv Liaisons Off, Lawrence, KS 66046 USA. [Smith, E.] Haskell Indian Nations Univ, Environm Sci Program, Lawrence, KS 66046 USA. RP Eifler, DA (reprint author), Haskell Indian Nations Univ, USDA Forest Serv Liaisons Off, Box 5018,155 Indian Ave, Lawrence, KS 66046 USA. EM daeifler@fs.fed.us NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI FIRENZE PI FLORENCE PA C/O PROF F DESSI-FULGHERI, VIA ROMANA 17, 50125 FLORENCE, ITALY SN 0394-9370 J9 ETHOL ECOL EVOL JI Ethol. Ecol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 19 IS 4 BP 345 EP 350 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 248GX UT WOS:000252141900007 ER PT J AU Hummel, NA Li, AY Witt, CM AF Hummel, Natalie A. Li, Andrew Y. Witt, Colleen M. TI Serotonin-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of two ixodid tick species SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE 5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT; Acari; Amblyomma americanum; Dermacentor albipictus; synganglion ID DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS ACARI; MOTH MANDUCA-SEXTA; AMERICAN DOG TICK; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS ACARI; SOUTHERN CATTLE TICK; ANTENNAL LOBE NEURONS; NEUROSECRETORY-SYSTEM; CELL-TYPES; AMITRAZ RESISTANCE; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR AB Immunocytochemistry was used to describe the distribution of serotonin-like immunoreactive (5HT-IR) neurons and neuronal processes in the central nervous system (CNS), the synganglion, of two ixodid tick species; the winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus and the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum. 5HT-IR neurons were identified in the synganglion of both tick species. D. albipictus had a significantly higher number of 5HT-IR neurons than A. americanum. The labeling pattern and number of 5HT-IR neurons were significantly different between sexes in D. albipictus, but were not significantly different between sexes in A. americanum. 5HT-IR neurons that were located in the cortex of the synganglion projected processes into the neuropils, invading neuromeres in the supraesophageal ganglion including the protocerebrum, postero-dorsal, antero-dorsal and cheliceral neuromeres. In the subesophageal ganglion, dense 5HT-IR neuronal processes were found in the olfactory lobes, pedal, and opisthosomal neuromeres. Double-labeling with neurobiotin backfilled from the first leg damaged at the Haller's organ revealed serotoninergic neuronal processes surrounding the glomeruli in the olfactory lobes. The high number of the 5HT-IR neurons and the extensive neuronal processes present in various regions of the synganglion suggest that serotonin plays a significant role in tick physiology. C1 USDA, ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. Univ Texas San Antonio, RCMI Adv Imaging Core, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Hummel, NA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, 404 Life Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM nhummel@agcenter.lsu.edu; Andrew.Li@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 BP 265 EP 278 DI 10.1007/s10493-007-9120-z PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 237XG UT WOS:000251409100003 PM 18040871 ER PT J AU Cao, H Deterding, LJ Blackshear, P AF Cao, Heping Deterding, Leesa J. Blackshear, PerryJ TI Phosphorylation site analysis of the anti-inflammatory and mRNA-destabilizing protein tristetraprolin SO EXPERT REVIEW OF PROTEOMICS LA English DT Review ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; AU-RICH ELEMENT; ZINC-FINGER PROTEIN; TETRADECANOYL PHORBOL ACETATE; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; MOUSE 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; C-ELEGANS EMBRYOS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; BINDING-PROTEINS; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a member of the CCCH zinc finger proteins and is an anti-inflammatory protein. Mice deficient in TTP develop a profound inflammatory syndrome with erosive arthritis, autoimmunity and myeloid hyperplasia. UP binds to mRNA AU-rich elements with high affinity for UUAUUUAUU nucleotides and causes destabilization of those mRNA molecules. UP is phosphorylated extensively in vivo and is a substrate for multiple protein kinases in vitro. A number of approaches have been used to identity its phosphorylation sites. This article highlights the recent progress and different approaches utilized for the identification of phosphorylation sites in mammalian UP Important but limited results are obtained using traditional methods, including in vivo labeling, site-directed mutagenesis, phosphopeptide mapping and protein sequencing. Mass spectrometry (MS), including MALDI/MS, MALDI/MS/MS, liquid chromatography/MS/MS, immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC)/MALDI/MS/MS and multidimensional protein identification technology has led the way in identifying TTP phosphorylation sites. The combination of these approaches has identified multiple phosphorylation sites in mammalian TTP, some of which are predicted by motif scanning to be phosphorylated by several protein kinases. This information should provide the molecular basis for future investigation of TTP's regulatory functions in controlling proinflammatory cytokines. C1 [Cao, Heping; Deterding, Leesa J.; Blackshear, PerryJ] USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cao, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Genom & Immunol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM heping.cao@ars.usda.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES090080-10] NR 83 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU EXPERT REVIEWS PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1478-9450 J9 EXPERT REV PROTEOMIC JI Expert Rev. Proteomics PD DEC PY 2007 VL 4 IS 6 BP 711 EP 726 DI 10.1586/14789450.4.6.711 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 244UQ UT WOS:000251891200006 PM 18067411 ER PT J AU McDonald, LL Bilby, R Bisson, PA Coutant, CC Epifanio, JM Goodman, D Hanna, S Huntly, N Merrill, E Riddell, B Liss, W Loudenslager, EJ Philipp, DP Smoker, W Whitney, RR Williams, RN AF McDonald, Lyman L. Bilby, Robert Bisson, Peter A. Coutant, Charles C. Epifanio, John M. Goodman, Daniel Hanna, Susan Huntly, Nancy Merrill, Erik Riddell, Brian Liss, William Loudenslager, Eric J. Philipp, David P. Smoker, William Whitney, Richard R. Williams, Richard N. CA Independent Sci Advisory Board Independent Sci Review Panel TI Research, monitoring, and evaluation of fish and wildlife restoration projects in the Columbia River Basin: Lessons learned and suggestions for large-scale monitoring programs SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB The year 2006 marked two milestones in the Columbia River Basin and the Pacific Northwest region's efforts to rebuild its once great salmon and steelhead runs-the 25(th) anniversary of the creation of the Northwest Power and Conservation Council and the 10,h anniversary of an amendment to the Northwest Power Act that formalized scientific peer review of the council's Fish and Wildlife Program and its varied individual projects. The authors of this article served as peer reviewers in the last decade. Restoration efforts in the Columbia River constitute a massive long-term attempt at fisheries and ecosystem restoration. In this article we examine some of the lessons we learned in reviewing the research, monitoring, and evaluation efforts of projects and their effects on advancing knowledge (i.e., adaptive management) in the Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program, one of the most ambitious and expensive long-term ecological restoration programs in the United States. C1 [McDonald, Lyman L.] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY USA. [Bilby, Robert] Weyerhaeuser Co, Tocama, WA USA. [Bisson, Peter A.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA USA. [Coutant, Charles C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Epifanio, John M.; Philipp, David P.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Div Ecol & Conservat Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Goodman, Daniel] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Hanna, Susan] Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Huntly, Nancy] Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Loudenslager, Eric J.] Humboldt State Univ, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Merrill, Erik; Independent Sci Advisory Board] NW Power & Conservat Council, Independent Sci Advisory Board, Portland, OR USA. [Merrill, Erik; Independent Sci Review Panel] NW Power & Conservat Council, Independent Sci Review Panel, Portland, OR USA. [Riddell, Brian] Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. [Smoker, William] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK USA. [Whitney, Richard R.] Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Whitney, Richard R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Williams, Richard N.] Univ Idaho, Ctr Salmonids & Freshwater Species Risk, Hagerman, ID USA. RP McDonald, LL (reprint author), Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY USA. EM Lmcdonald@west-inc.com OI Huntly, Nancy/0000-0001-6051-6365 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD DEC PY 2007 VL 32 IS 12 BP 582 EP 590 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2007)32[582:RMAEOF]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 253AK UT WOS:000252489300007 ER PT J AU Yee, WL AF Yee, Wee L. TI Attraction, feeding, and control of Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera : Tephritidae) with GF-120 and added ammonia in Washington state SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE apple maggot fly; bait sprays; spinosad ID BLUEBERRY MAGGOT DIPTERA; FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; PROTEIN BAITS; SPINOSAD BAIT; FLIES DIPTERA; APPLE MAGGOT; RESPONSES; INSECTICIDES; MORTALITY; ACETATE AB Experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 in western Washington state to determine effects of adding ammonium carbonate (AC) and ammonium acetate (AA) to GF-120 NF Naturalyte (R) Fruit Fly Bait (Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN) on attraction, feeding, and control of the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh). In the field, sticky yellow panel traps baited with GF-120 + 10% AC attracted more flies than those baited with GF-120 + 10% AA or GF-120 alone. In the laboratory, female flies responded more frequently to sucrose and 20% GF-120 than to water and 40% GF-120 + 10% AA on apples, perhaps because of the confined conditions during testing. In the field, fly attraction and feeding were greater for GF-120 + 10% or 2.5% AC or AA than GF-120 alone on apple leaves. In 2 spray tests with 100 mL of GF-120 alone and GF-120 + 2.5% AC or AA applied on single apple trees, larval infestations in fruit were reduced up to 99% compared with controls, but there were no differences among treatments, and none was different from spinosad alone. Results indicate the attractiveness of GF-120 to R. pomonella can be increased with added ammonia, but that this does not necessarily result in greater control, perhaps because the added ammonia volatilizes too quickly. Results suggest that at the spray volumes used, GF-120 alone or even spinosad alone can greatly reduce local R. pomonella populations in Washington. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 90 IS 4 BP 665 EP 673 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[665:AFACOR]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 245DX UT WOS:000251916200010 ER PT J AU Lapointe, SL Leal, WS AF Lapointe, S. L. Leal, W. S. TI Describing seasonal phenology of the leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera : Gracillariidae) with pheromone lures: Controlling for lure degradation SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE citrus; sex pheromone; leafminer; relative abundance; lure degradation ID CITRUS LEAFMINER; SEX-PHEROMONE; FIELD-EVALUATION; IDENTIFICATION; FLORIDA; MOTH AB Traps baited with pheromone lures were deployed in a Florida citrus grove at various dates over the course of 1 year to describe the seasonal flight phenology of the leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton. To compensate for lure degradation, a correction factor was applied based on a regression model of relative lure efficiency, expressed as a percent of the catch of a freshly deployed lure as a function of the number of days each set of lures was deployed. The regression of percent trap catch vs. number of days deployed yielded a quadratic expression that predicts 50% loss of lure attractiveness at 50 d after lure deployment and 90% loss at 137 d. The data transformed for lure degradation revealed 4 apparent population density peaks including 2 minor peaks with highest mean trap catch in early Apr and late Oct, and 2 major peaks with highest mean trap catch on 31 May and 1 Aug. A very small number of moths were collected on control traps without a lure. However, the pattern of trap catch on unbaited sticky cards closely paralleled that of the pheromone-baited traps. C1 [Lapointe, S. L.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Leal, W. S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Maeda Duffey Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lapointe, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 90 IS 4 BP 710 EP 714 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[710:DSPOTL]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 245DX UT WOS:000251916200016 ER PT J AU Wenninger, EJ Hall, DG AF Wenninger, Erik J. Hall, David G. TI Daily timing of mating and age at reproductive maturity in Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera : Psyllidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Asian citrus psyllid; mating behavior; reproductive biology; huanglongbing; citrus greening disease ID CACOPSYLLA-PYRICOLA HOMOPTERA; BEHAVIOR; BIOLOGY; FLORIDA; DISEASE AB The psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama vectors a bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, in Florida which is responsible for citrus greening disease (huanglongbing), one of the most serious diseases of citrus. Despite the great economic importance of D. citri to citrus production, little is known about the reproductive biology and behavior of this insect. We conducted studies to determine the copula duration, the age at which both males and females reach reproductive maturity, the pre-oviposition period, the daily timing of mating activity in a laboratory colony, and the temporal dynamics in the sex ratio of a cohort of newly eclosed adults. The emergence patterns of males and females were strikingly similar, with no evidence for protandry or protogyny. Both sexes reached reproductive maturity by 2-3 d post-eclosion. Oviposition generally began within 1 d after mating, but was longer when females were mated at 2 d of age. Mean +/- SEM copula duration was 48.3 +/- 8.4 minutes (range: 15.2-98.0). Mating on orange jasmine was observed almost exclusively on flush shoots during daylight hours, with no obvious peak of daily mating activity. Mating activity may be constrained during scotophase in part by cooler temperatures and lack of light. Methods for carrying out mating experiments with this species are described. C1 [Wenninger, Erik J.; Hall, David G.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Laab, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Wenninger, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Laab, Subtrop Insects Res Unit, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 26 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 19 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 90 IS 4 BP 715 EP 722 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[715:DTOMAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 245DX UT WOS:000251916200017 ER PT J AU Zhang, RZ Li, YC Liu, N Porter, SD AF Zhang, Runzhi Li, Yingchao Liu, Ning Porter, Sanford D. TI An overview of the red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) in mainland China SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; distribution; infestation; damage; invasion biology; control; management ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA AB The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren is a serious invasive insect that is native to South America. Its presence was officially announced in mainland China in Jan 2005. To date, it has been identified in 4 provinces in mainland China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Fujian) in a total of 31 municipal districts. The total area reported to be infested by S. invicta in late 2006 was about 7,120 ha, mainly in Guangdong Province (6,332 ha). Most of the reported human stings are in the heavily infested area around Wuchuan City. The most commonly reported reactions have been abnormal redness of the skin, sterile pustules, hives, pain, and/or fever. It has been predicted that most of mainland China is viable habitat for red imported fire ants, including 25 of 31 provinces. The probable northern limit of expansion reaches Shandong, Tianjing, south Henan, and Shanxi provinces. Traditional and new insecticides including the bait N-butyl perfluorooctane, sulfonamide and the contact insecticide Yiehaoqing have been developed and used to control S. invicta. The Ministry of Agriculture and the Chinese government have established an 8-year eradication program (2006 to 2013) for S. invicta in China. C1 [Zhang, Runzhi; Li, Yingchao; Liu, Ning] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Ley Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Porter, Sanford D.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Zhang, RZ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Ley Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM zhangrz@ioz.ac.cn RI Li, Yingchao/A-3723-2012 NR 50 TC 33 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 19 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 90 IS 4 BP 723 EP 731 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[723:AOOTRI]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 245DX UT WOS:000251916200018 ER PT J AU Hribar, LJ Henry, TJ AF Hribar, Lawrence J. Henry, Thomas J. TI Empicoris subpapallelus (Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Reduviidae), a predatory bug new to the fauna of Florida SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Florida keys; Reduviidae; new record ID UNITED-STATES; 1ST REPORT; DIPTERA; CULICIDAE; RECORD AB The predatory hemipteran Empicoris subparallelus McAtee and Malloch, belonging to the family Reduviidae, subfamily Emesinae, is reported from Grassy Key, Key Largo, Long Point Key, and No Name Key in the Florida Keys, Monroe County, Florida. This is a new species record for the Florida fauna, and only the second state record for the United States. A diagnosis, description, and digital images of the adult are provided to help distinguish this species from other species of Empicoris in Florida. C1 [Henry, Thomas J.] USDA, Syst Entomol Lab, ARS, Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Hribar, LJ (reprint author), Florida Keys Control Dist,506 106th St, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 90 IS 4 BP 738 EP 741 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[738:ESHHRA]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 245DX UT WOS:000251916200020 ER PT J AU Blanco, CA Teran-Vargas, AP Lopez, JD Kauffman, JV Wei, XK AF Blanco, Carlos A. Teran-Vargas, Antonio P. Lopez, Juan D., Jr. Kauffman, James V. Wei, Xikui TI Densities of Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) in three plant hosts SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE tobacco budworm; bollworm; Cicer arietinum; Gossipium hirsutum; Abutilon theophrasti ID SOUTHWESTERN OKLAHOMA; FIELD POPULATIONS; MISSISSIPPI; RESISTANCE; BOLLWORM; COTTON; WILD; PATTERNS; BUDWORM; TEXAS AB Large numbers of field-collected tobacco budworms Heliothis virescens L., and/or bollworms Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (heliothines) might be difficult to obtain depending upon host plants available to the insects. Of the >95 cultivated and wild plants that have been identified as their hosts, some are highly attractive to these insects, some are also widely available and of those, some could be used to collect large numbers of both insect species. However, the reliability of these plants in space and time in providing abundant samples of larvae and/or moths is not well understood. We studied naturally-occurring heliothine populations over a 3-year period in 2 different geographic locations in plots of garbanzo bean (Cicer arietinum L.), upland cotton (Gossipium hirsutum L.), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medikus) finding that garbanzo bean produced significantly higher numbers of tobacco budworm and bollworm larvae and adults as compared to the other 2 plant species. Tobacco budworm larvae were found in at least 1 host plant (primarily garbanzo) all the years in both locations while bollworm larvae were not. Field moth emergence represented <= 10% of its larval densities and abiotic factors made a difference on moth emergence between years. When large numbers of both insects are needed for field or laboratory studies, garbanzo bean offers a clear advantage over cotton or velvetleaf to obtain collections of heliothines. C1 [Blanco, Carlos A.; Wei, Xikui] USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Teran-Vargas, Antonio P.] Inst Nacl Invest Forset Agr & Pecuarias INIFAP, Ciudad Cuauhtemoc, Tamaulipas, Mexico. [Lopez, Juan D., Jr.] USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Kauffman, James V.] Walden Univ, Minneapolis, MN 55401 USA. RP Blanco, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 90 IS 4 BP 742 EP 750 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[742:DOHVAH]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 245DX UT WOS:000251916200021 ER PT J AU Mclean, SC Bloem, KA Bloem, S Hight, SD Carpenter, JE AF Mclean, Stephen C. Bloem, Kenneth A. Bloem, Stephanie Hight, Stephen D. Carpenter, James E. TI Mating frequency of the male cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae), under laboratory conditions SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Mclean, Stephen C.] Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Bloem, Kenneth A.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Raleigh, NC USA. [Bloem, Kenneth A.; Bloem, Stephanie] Florida A&M Univ, USDA ARS, CMAVE, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Carpenter, James E.] USDA ARS, CPMRU, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Mclean, SC (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 90 IS 4 BP 751 EP 752 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[751:MFOTMC]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 245DX UT WOS:000251916200022 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Edu, J AF Shelly, Todd E. Edu, James TI Exposure to the ripe fruit of tropical almond enhances the mating success of male Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID BULBOPHYLLUM-CHEIRI; FLY; FLIES; ORCHID; PHENYLPROPANOIDS; POLLINATION; FRAGRANCE; FLOWER C1 [Shelly, Todd E.; Edu, James] USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96765 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96765 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 90 IS 4 BP 757 EP 758 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[757:ETTRFO]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 245DX UT WOS:000251916200025 ER PT J AU Virla, EG Cangemi, L Logarzo, GA AF Virla, E. G. Cangemi, L. Logarzo, G. A. TI Suitability of different host plants for nymphs of the sharpshooter Tapajosa rubromarginata (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae : Proconinii) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA HOMOPTERA; BIOLOGY; HYMENOPTERA C1 [Virla, E. G.; Cangemi, L.] PROIMI Biotecnol, Div Biol Control, San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. [Logarzo, G. A.] USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, SABCL Agr Couns, ARS Lab,US Embassy,Buenos Aires Unit 4325, APO, AA 34034 USA. RP Virla, EG (reprint author), PROIMI Biotecnol, Div Biol Control, Av Belgrano & Pje Caseros T4001 MVB, San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. EM evirla@proimi.org.ar; glogarzo@speedy.com.ar OI Virla, Eduardo Gabriel/0000-0002-9512-4254 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 90 IS 4 BP 766 EP 769 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[766:SODHPF]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 245DX UT WOS:000251916200029 ER PT J AU White, WH Reagan, TE Carlton, C Akbari, W Beuzelin, JM AF White, W. H. Reagan, T. E. Carlton, C. Akbari, W. Beuzelin, J. M. TI Elachista saccharella (Lepidoptera : Elachistidae), a leafminer infesting sugarcane in Louisiana SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID HOMOPTERA C1 [White, W. H.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70361 USA. [Reagan, T. E.; Carlton, C.; Akbari, W.; Beuzelin, J. M.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP White, WH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA 70361 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 90 IS 4 BP 792 EP 794 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[792:ESLEAL]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 245DX UT WOS:000251916200037 ER PT J AU Van Kessel, JS Karns, JS Wolfgang, DR Hovingh, E Schukken, YH AF Van Kessel, J. S. Karns, J. S. Wolfgang, D. R. Hovingh, E. Schukken, Y. H. TI Longitudinal study of a clonal, subclinical outbreak of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Cerro in a US dairy herd SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; BULK TANK MILK; UNITED-STATES; CLINICAL SALMONELLOSIS; TYPHIMURIUM INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; PREVALENCE; CATTLE AB Salmonellae are a major group of foodborne pathogens known to affect both humans and animals. Dairy cattle are a known reservoir of these bacteria and human Salmonella infections have been associated with the consumption of improperly processed or contaminated dairy products. Many of the over 2500 known serotypes of Salmonella are known to infect cattle, resulting in asymptomatic to fatal salmonellosis. This study describes the course of a Salmonella outbreak and subsequent endemic infection on a dairy farm in Pennsylvania. The outbreak was initially detected when a few cows with clinical symptoms and one fatality were found to be infected with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium var. Copenhagan. Based upon sampling of the farm environment, Salmonella Typhimurium var. Copenhagan was succeeded within 3 months by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Kentucky. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Cerro ultimately supplanted Typhimurium var. Copenhagan and Kentucky in individual animals and environmental samples and persisted in the herd at high prevalence for almost 2 years. Since there were no obvious clinical consequences of the Salmonella Cerro infection, these data suggest that some serotypes of S. enterica subsp. enterica can behave as commensal organisms in dairy cattle and illustrate the difficulties of controlling Salmonella in milk production systems. The consistent finding of Salmonella in the environment reinforces the potential for human exposure to this pathogen and the need to understand the dynamics and ecology of Salmonella in dairy production settings. C1 [Van Kessel, J. S.; Karns, J. S.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wolfgang, D. R.; Hovingh, E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schukken, Y. H.] Cornell Univ, Qual Milk Prod Serv, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Van Kessel, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, ANRI, Room 204,Bldg 173,BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM joann.vankessel@ars.usda.gov RI Schukken, Ynte/C-3405-2008 OI Schukken, Ynte/0000-0002-8250-4194 NR 42 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 4 IS 4 BP 449 EP 461 DI 10.1089/fpd.2007.0033 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 240PB UT WOS:000251598400007 PM 18041954 ER PT J AU Soni, K Jesudhasan, P Cepeda, M Williams, B Hume, M Russell, WK Jayaraman, A Pillai, SD AF Soni, Kamlesh Jesudhasan, Palmy Cepeda, Martha Williams, Brad Hume, Michael Russell, William K. Jayaraman, Arul Pillai, Suresh D. TI Proteomic analysis to identify the role of LuxS/Al-2 mediated protein expression in Escherichia coli O157 : H7 SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID AUTOINDUCER-2-LIKE ACTIVITY; PHOTORHABDUS-LUMINESCENS; BIOFILM FORMATION; LUXS; FOODS; GENES AB Microorganisms employ autoinducer molecules to modulate various bacterial processes including virulence expression, biofilm development, and bioluminescence. The universal autoinducer molecule AI-2 is hypothesized to mediate cell signaling in Escherichia coli O157:H7. We investigated the role of AI-2 on the E. coli O157:H7 cellular proteins using a two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis-based proteomic approach. The protein expression patterns between two experimental comparisons were studied namely, 1) a wild type E. coli O157:H7 and its isogenic luxS mutant, and 2) the luxS mutant and the luxS mutant supplemented with AI-2 molecules. Eleven proteins were differentially expressed between the wild type and the luxS mutant strain, whereas 18 proteins were differentially expressed in the luxS mutant strain when supplemented with AI-2. The tryptophan repressor binding protein (WrbA), phosphoglyceratemutase(GpmA), and a putative protein YbbN were found to be differentially expressed under both experimental comparisons. The FliC protein which is involved in flagellar synthesis and motility was up-regulated in the wild type strain but was not influenced by the addition of synthetic AI-2 molecules to the luxS mutant suggesting the involvement of signaling molecules other than AI-2 on flagellar synthesis and motility. C1 [Soni, Kamlesh; Jesudhasan, Palmy; Cepeda, Martha; Hume, Michael; Pillai, Suresh D.] Texas A&M Univ, Kleberg Ctr 418D, Dept Poultry Sci, Food Safety & Environm Microbiol Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Soni, Kamlesh; Jesudhasan, Palmy; Cepeda, Martha; Hume, Michael; Pillai, Suresh D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Williams, Brad; Russell, William K.] Texas A&M Univ, Lab Biol Mass Spectrometry, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hume, Michael] ARS, USDA, SPARC, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Jayaraman, Arul] Texas A&M Univ, Atrie McFerrin Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Pillai, SD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Kleberg Ctr 418D, Dept Poultry Sci, Food Safety & Environm Microbiol Program, MS 2472, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM spillai@poultry.tamu.edu RI Jesudhasan, Palmy/B-2626-2009 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 4 IS 4 BP 463 EP 471 DI 10.1089/fpd.2007.0034 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 240PB UT WOS:000251598400008 PM 18041955 ER PT J AU Hoque, MDM Bari, ML Inatsu, Y Juneja, VK Kawamoto, S AF Hoque, M. D. Mahfuzul Bari, M. L. Inatsu, Y. Juneja, Vijay K. Kawamoto, S. TI Antibacterial activity of guava (Psidium guajava L.) and neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) extracts against foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTICS; INHIBITION; AEROMONAS; DISEASE; AGENT; OILS AB The antibacterial activity of guava (Psidium guajava) and neem (Azadirachta indica) extracts against 21 strains of foodborne pathogens were determined-Listeria monocytogenes (five strains), Staphylococcus aureus (four strains), Escherichia coli O157:H7 (six strains), Salmonella Enteritidis (four strains), Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Bacillus cereus, and five food spoilage bacteria: Pseudomonas aeroginosa, P. putida, Alcaligenes faecalis, and Aeromonas hydrophila (two strains). Guava and neem extracts showed higher antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria compared to Gram-negative bacteria except for V. parahaemolyticus, P. aeroginosa, and A. hydrophila. None of the extracts showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli O15:H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanol extracts of guava showed the highest inhibition for L. monocytogenes JCM 7676 (0.1 mg/mL), S. aureus JCM 2151 (0.1 mg/mL), S. aureus JCM 2179 (0.1 mg/mL), and V. parahaemolyticus IFO 12711 (0.1 mg/mL) and the lowest inhibition for Alcaligenes faecalis IFO 12669, Aeromonas hydrophila NFRI 8282 (4.0 mg/mL), and A. hydrophila NFRI 8283 (4.0 mg/mL). The MIC of chloroform extracts of neem showed similar inhibition for L. monocytogenes ATCC 43256 (4.0 mg/mL) and L. monocytogenes ATCC 49594 (5.0 mg/mL). However, ethanol extracts of neem showed higher inhibition for S. aureus JCM 2151 (4.5 mg/mL) and S. aureus IFO 13276 (4.5 mg/mL) and the lower inhibition for other microorganisms (6.5 mg/mL). No significant effects of temperature and pH were found on guava and neem. extracts against cocktails of L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. The results of the present study suggest that guava and neem. extracts possess compounds containing antibacterial properties that can potentially be useful to control foodborne pathogens and spoilage organisms. C1 [Bari, M. L.; Inatsu, Y.; Kawamoto, S.] Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. [Hoque, M. D. Mahfuzul] Univ Dhaka, Dept Microbiol, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [Juneja, Vijay K.] ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Kawamoto, S (reprint author), Natl Food Res Inst, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. EM taishi@affrc.go.jp NR 35 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 EI 1556-7125 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 4 IS 4 BP 481 EP 488 DI 10.1089/fpd.2007.0040 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 240PB UT WOS:000251598400010 ER PT J AU Saavedra, A Hansen, EM Goheen, DJ AF Saavedra, A. Hansen, E. M. Goheen, D. J. TI Phytophthora cambivora in Oregon and its pathogenicity to Chrysolepis chrysophylla SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TREES; LATERALIS AB A new canker disease causing mortality of golden chinquapin trees [Chrysolepis chrysophylla (Dougl.) Hjelmqvist], in Oregon was recently observed. Most of the symptomatic or dead trees were located near roads. The cankers on the lower boles of trees are similar to those caused by species of Phytophthora on other trees in western North America. The cankers in the inner bark were reddish-orange in colour and extended upward from necrotic roots. Phytophthora cambivora (Petri) Buisman was isolated from the cankers; identity was confirmed by morphological comparison with known isolates and internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis. Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculation of chinquapin seedlings and mature trees. Seven of nine isolates from chinquapin were A2 mating type; 27 of 28 isolates from other hosts in Oregon and Washington were A1 mating type. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Insect & Dis Serv Ctr, Wenatchee, WA USA. USDA Forest Serv, Southwest Oregon Forest Insect & Dis Serv Ctr, Central Point, OR USA. RP Hansen, EM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM hansene@science.oregonstate.edu NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 37 IS 6 BP 409 EP 419 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2007.00515.x PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 234UE UT WOS:000251188700006 ER PT J AU Bumgardner, M Romig, R Luppold, W AF Bumgardner, Matthew Romig, Robert Luppold, William TI Wood use by Ohio's Amish SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Bumgardner, Matthew; Luppold, William] USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Bumgardner, M (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM mbumgardner@fs.fed.us; bobr@ohioforest.org; Wluppold@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 57 IS 12 BP 6 EP 12 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 244VI UT WOS:000251893000002 ER PT J AU Gorman, TM Green, DW Cisternas, AG Hernandez, R Lowell, EC AF Gorman, Thomas M. Green, David W. Cisternas, Aldo G. Hernandez, Roland Lowell, Eini C. TI Structural lumber from suppressed-growth ponderosa pine from northern Arizona SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Lumber was sawn from 150 suppressed-growth ponderosa pine trees, 6 to 16 inches in diameter, harvested near Flagstaff, Arizona. This paper presents grade recover and properties for dry 2 by 4's sawn from the logs and graded by a variety of structural grading systems. Flexural properties met or exceeded those listed in the National Design Specification. When graded as Light Framing 43 percent of the 2 by 4's made Standard and Better and as Structural Light Framing, 34 percent made No. 2 and better. Warp was the biggest factor limiting grade yield. About 7 percent of the lumber would make a machine stress-rated (MSR) lumber grade of 1450f, but with no established market such production is not recommended. If graded as laminating stock, about 8 percent of the lumber qualified as L3 or better. A comparison of the results from this study with those from a companion study indicates that appearance grades offer the highest value alternative for lumber produced from this resource. C1 [Gorman, Thomas M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Prod, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Green, David W.] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Cisternas, Aldo G.] Univ Chile, Fac Forestry, Dept Wood Engn, Santiago, Chile. [Hernandez, Roland] TECO, Sun Prairie, WI USA. [Lowell, Eini C.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Sta, Portland, OR USA. RP Gorman, TM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Prod, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM tgorman@uidaho.edu; levangreen@hughes.net; acistern@uchile.cl; roland.hernandez@tecotested.com; elowell@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 57 IS 12 BP 42 EP 47 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 244VI UT WOS:000251893000006 ER PT J AU Nicholls, D Bumgardner, M AF Nicholls, David Bumgardner, Matthew TI Evaluating selected demographic factors related to consumer preferences for furniture from commercial and from underutilized species SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTS AB This technical note describes consumer preferences within selected demographic categories in two major Pacific Northwest markets for six domestic wood species. These woods were considered for construction of four furniture pieces. Chi-square tests were performed to determine species preferences based on gender, age, and income. Age and income were statistically significant (with a stronger effect for age); gender was not significant. Older respondents preferred oak while younger respondents preferred spruce. Cherry was preferred by respondents in higher income categories and oak by respondents in lower income categories. Maple was preferred by younger male respondents, while birch was preferred by lower income males. Lastly, red alder was found to have lower preference among females in higher income categories. Such information is useful for considering the role that species choice can play in the development of customized products by the domestic furniture industry. C1 [Nicholls, David] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Sitka, AK USA. [Bumgardner, Matthew] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Princeton, WV USA. RP Nicholls, D (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Sitka, AK USA. EM dlnicholls@fs.fed.us; mbumgardner@fs.fed.us NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 57 IS 12 BP 79 EP 82 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 244VI UT WOS:000251893000013 ER PT J AU Kozovits, AR Bustamante, MMC Garofalo, CR Bucci, S Franco, AC Goldstein, G Meinzer, FC AF Kozovits, A. R. Bustamante, M. M. C. Garofalo, C. R. Bucci, S. Franco, A. C. Goldstein, G. Meinzer, F. C. TI Nutrient resorption and patterns of litter production and decomposition in a Neotropical Savanna SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cerrado; fertilization; nitrogen and phosphorus resorption; N : P ratio ID N-P RATIOS; METROSIDEROS-POLYMORPHA; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; LEAF-LITTER; NITROGEN; TREES; LIMITATION; EFFICIENCY; FOLIAR; CYCLES AB 1. Deposition of nutrients due to anthropogenic activities has the potential to change nutrient availability in nutrient-limited ecosystems with consequences for plant and ecosystem processes. 2. Species-specific and ecosystem responses to the addition of nutrients were studied in a field experiment conducted in a Savanna (Cerrado sensu stricto) on dystrophic soil in central Brazil. Three fertilization treatments (N, P and N plus P additions) and unfertilized control were replicated in four 15 x 15 m plots per treatment. 3. Five of the dominant woody species were studied. Specific leaf area (SLA) was not affected by the treatments, but species responded differently in terms of foliar nutrient concentration, resorption efficiency and proficiency to the increased soil N and P availability. 4. Responses of N and P resorption suggested different levels of regulation for these two limiting elements, with a decrease in N and P resorption proficiency depending on the treatment. In general, under N fertilization, senesced leaves presented higher N concentration, whereas combined fertilization with N and P resulted in senesced leaves richer in P. The concomitant variation in P resorption efficiency and proficiency indicates a stronger regulation between them compared to N. 5. Results indicated a highly efficient and complete P resorption, while N concentrations in senesced leaves indicated intermediate or incomplete resorption efficiencies, supporting the idea that Cerrado plants might be more limited by P than by N. 6. At the ecosystem level, higher N concentration in the leaf litter was measured at the end of the dry season in the +NP-fertilized plots, resulting in a significantly faster decomposition rate in relation to the control treatment. Responses of litterfall and decomposition rates indicated that the system was generally more responsive to the combined addition of N and P than to fertilization with N or P alone over the relatively short time span of this study. C1 Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ecol, Lab Ecol Funct, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Brasilia, Dept Bot, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bustamante, MMC (reprint author), Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM mercedes@unb.br RI Franco, Augusto/B-1615-2008; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; Bustamante, Mercedes/H-7597-2015; OI Franco, Augusto/0000-0003-0869-5989; Bustamante, Mercedes/0000-0003-1008-452X; Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277 NR 36 TC 52 Z9 72 U1 7 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1034 EP 1043 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01325.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 231YM UT WOS:000250985100004 ER PT J AU Cornwell, WK Bhaskar, R Sack, L Cordell, S Lunch, CK AF Cornwell, W. K. Bhaskar, R. Sack, L. Cordell, S. Lunch, C. K. TI Adjustment of structure and function of Hawaiian Metrosideros polymorpha at high vs. low precipitation SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conductance; percent loss conductance; photosynthesis; drought tolerance; precipitation gradient ID PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; WATER TRANSPORT; USE EFFICIENCY; WOODY-PLANTS; FOREST TREES; LEAF TURGOR; MAUNA-LOA; XYLEM AB 1. Populations of Metrosideros polymorpha establish across a broad range of precipitation in Hawai'i - from < 400 to > 10000 mm per year. To determine whether adjustment of hydraulic and photosynthetic traits could contribute to this success in both high and low rainfall, we sampled populations on the wet and the dry sides of Hawai'i Island, replicated on two different-aged lava flows at similar elevation and mean annual temperature. 2. We quantified 24 stem and leaf traits in an integrated study of hydraulics, gas exchange, leaf chemistry and anatomy. 3. Values for traits associated with capacity for water transport through the plant and gas exchange per leaf area were higher at dry sites, including photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen per leaf area and hydraulic conductivity on both sapwood area and leaf area basis. These adjustments, due to plastic and/or heritable differentiation, would partially compensate for generally lower water availability. 4. Specific leaf area shifted towards lower values at the dry sites. However, several other traits associated directly with drought tolerance were inflexible across sites, including stem vulnerability to embolism and leaf cuticular conductance, indicating that the ability to persist through dry periods is sustained across the species' range. 5. The ability of M. polymorpha to establish across a wide range of habitats is associated with, on one hand, adjustments in traits that would enable sustained growth across a dramatic range of moisture supply while simultaneously maintaining as fixed other traits that would contribute to survival through extended drought. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Cornwell, WK (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM will.cornwell@falw.vu.nl RI Sack, Lawren/A-5492-2008; OI Sack, Lawren/0000-0002-7009-7202; Cornwell, Will/0000-0003-4080-4073 NR 54 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 40 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1063 EP 1071 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01323.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 231YM UT WOS:000250985100007 ER PT J AU Hu, JG Mou, BQ Vick, BA AF Hu, Jinguo Mou, Beiquan Vick, Brady A. TI Genetic diversity of 38 spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) germplasm accessions and 10 commercial hybrids assessed by TRAP markers SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE DNA fingerprinting; genetic diversity; genetic relationships; Spinacia oleracea L; target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) ID REGION AMPLIFICATION POLYMORPHISM AB Target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) markers were used to assess genetic variability among 38 germplasm accessions and 10 commercial hybrids of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), an economically important leafy vegetable crop in many countries. Germplasm accessions with different geographic origins and 10 commercial hybrids were examined. For assessing genetic diversity within accessions, DNA was extracted from 12 individual seedlings from six germplasm accessions and two hybrids. A relatively high level of polymorphism was found within accessions based on 59 polymorphic TRAP markers generated from one fixed primer derived from the Arabidopsis-like telomere repeat sequence and two arbitrary primers. For evaluating interaccession variability, DNA was extracted from a bulk of six to 13 seedlings of each accession. Of the 492 fragments amplified by 12 primer combinations, 96 (19.5%) were polymorphic and discriminated the 48 accessions from each other. The average pair-wise genetic similarity coefficient (Dice) was 57.5% with a range from 23.2 to 85.3%. A dendrogram indicated that the genetic relationships among the accessions were not highly associated with the geographic locations in which the germplasms were collected. The seven commercial hybrids were grouped in three separate clusters, suggesting that the phenotype-based breeding activities tended to reduce the genetic variability. This preliminary study demonstrated that TRAP markers are effective for fingerprinting and evaluating genetic variability among spinach germplasms. C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Hu, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM huj@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 22 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1667 EP 1674 DI 10.1007/s10722-006-9175-4 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 234NZ UT WOS:000251172100006 ER PT J AU Weber, A Clark, RM Vaughn, L Sanchez-Gonzalez, JD Yu, JM Yandell, BS Bradbury, P Doebley, J AF Weber, Allison Clark, Richard M. Vaughn, Laura de Jesus Sanchez-Gonzalez, Jose Yu, Jianming Yandell, Brian S. Bradbury, Peter Doebley, John TI Major regulatory genes in maize contribute to standing variation in teosinte (Zea mays ssp parviglumis) SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; INFLORESCENCE ARCHITECTURE; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; SPINA-BIFIDA; ARABIDOPSIS; DOMESTICATION; EVOLUTION; LEAF; POLYMORPHISMS; ANTIRRHINUM AB In plants, many major regulatory genes that control plant growth and development have been identified and characterized. Despite a detailed knowledge of the function of these genes little is known about how they contribute to the natural variation for complex traits. To determine whether major regulatory genes of maize contribute to standing variation in Balsas teosinte we conducted association mapping in 584 Balsas teosinte individuals. We tested 48 markers from nine candidate regulatory genes against 13 traits for plant and infloresence architecture. We identified significant associations using a mixed linear model that controls for multiple levels of relatedness. Ten associations involving five candidate genes were significant after correction for multiple testing, and two survive the conservative Bonferroni correction. zfl2, the maize homolog of FLORICAULA of Antirrhinum, was associated with plant height. zap1, the maize homolog of APETALA1 of Arabidopsis, was associated with inflorescence branching. Five SNPs in the maize domestication gene, teosinte branched1, were significantly associated with either plant or inflorescence architecture. Our data suggest that major regulatory genes in maize do play a role in the natural variation for complex traits in teosinte and that some of the minor variants we identified may have been targets of selection during domestication. C1 [Weber, Allison; Clark, Richard M.; Vaughn, Laura; Doebley, John] Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Yandell, Brian S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [de Jesus Sanchez-Gonzalez, Jose] Univ Guadalajara, Ctr Univ Ciencias Biol & Agropecuarias, Guadalajara 45110, Jalisco, Mexico. [Yu, Jianming] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bradbury, Peter] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Weber, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, 425 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM allisonweber@wisc.edu OI Yu, Jianming/0000-0001-5326-3099 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-58816, R01 GM058816] NR 47 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 11 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 2007 VL 177 IS 4 BP 2349 EP 2359 DI 10.1534/genetics.107.080424 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 245QF UT WOS:000251949800032 PM 17947410 ER PT J AU Chen, CX Yu, QY Hou, SB Li, YJ Eustice, M Skelton, RL Veatch, O Herdes, RE Diebold, L Saw, J Feng, Y Qian, WB Bynum, L Wang, L Moore, PH Paull, RE Alam, M Ming, R AF Chen, Cuixia Yu, Qingyi Hou, Shaobin Li, Yingjun Eustice, Moriah Skelton, Rachel L. Veatch, Olivia Herdes, Rachel E. Diebold, Lauren Saw, Jimmy Feng, Yun Qian, Wubin Bynum, Lee Wang, Lei Moore, Paul H. Paull, Robert E. Alam, Maqsudul Ming, Ray TI Construction of a sequence-tagged high-density genetic map of papaya for comparative structural and evolutionary genomics in brassicales SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID POLYMORPHIC DNA MARKERS; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; SEGREGATION DISTORTION; LINKAGE MAP; SSR MARKERS; SEX DETERMINATION; Y-CHROMOSOME; MICROSATELLITES; REPEATS; BARLEY AB A high-density genetic map of papaya (Carica papaya L.) was constructed using microsatellite markers derived from BAC end sequences and whole-genome shot gun sequences. Fifty-four F-2 plants derived from varieties AU9 and SunUp were used for linkage mapping. A total of 707 markers, including 706 microsatellite loci and the morphological marker fruit flesh color, were mapped into nine major and three minor linkage groups. The resulting map spanned 1069.9 cM with an average distance of 1.5 cM between adjacent markers. This sequence-based microsatellite map resolved the very large linkage group 2 (LG 2) of the previous high-density map using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. The nine major LGs of our map represent papaya's haploid nine chromosomes with LG1of the sex chromosonic being the largest. This map validates the suppression of recombination at the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) mapped on LG1 and at potential centromeric regions of other LGs. Segregation distortion was detected in a large region onLG1 surrounding the MSY region due to the abortion of the YY genotype and in a region of LG6 clue to an unknown cause. This high-density sequence-tagged genetic map is being Used to integrate genetic and physical maps and to assign genome sequence scaffolds to papaya chromosomes. It provides a framework For comparative structural and evolutional genomic research in the order Brassicales. C1 [Chen, Cuixia; Li, Yingjun; Herdes, Rachel E.; Diebold, Lauren; Ming, Ray] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Yu, Qingyi; Eustice, Moriah; Skelton, Rachel L.; Veatch, Olivia] Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Hou, Shaobin; Saw, Jimmy; Alam, Maqsudul] Univ Hawaii, Ctr Adv Studies Genom Proteom & Bioinformat, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Veatch, Olivia] Univ Hawaii, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Feng, Yun; Qian, Wubin; Wang, Lei] Nankai Univ, TEDA, Sch Biol Sci & Biotechnol, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China. [Feng, Yun; Qian, Wubin; Wang, Lei] TEDA, Tianjin Res Ctr Funct Genom & Biochip, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China. [Bynum, Lee] Univ Illinois, WM Keck Ctr Comparat & Funct Genom, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Moore, Paul H.] USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Paull, Robert E.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Ming, R (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, 148 ERML,MC-051,1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rming@life.uiuc.edu RI Saw, Jimmy/A-9972-2009; Wang, Lei/C-5176-2009 OI Saw, Jimmy/0000-0001-8353-3854; Veatch, Olivia/0000-0002-5509-7749; NR 44 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 8 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 2007 VL 177 IS 4 BP 2481 EP 2491 DI 10.1534/genetics.107.081463 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 245QF UT WOS:000251949800042 PM 17947401 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Gu, C Mensah, C Nelson, RL Wang, D AF Chen, Charles Y. Gu, Cuihua Mensah, Clarice Nelson, Randall L. Wang, Dechun TI SSR marker diversity of soybean aphid resistance sources in North America SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE soybean aphid resistance; genetic diversity; SSR markers; cluster analysis ID SINGLE DOMINANT GENE; GERMPLASM; POPULATIONS; DNA; CULTIVARS; VARIANCE; DISTANCE; JACKSON; CHINESE; MAP AB The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) has become a major pest of soybean in North America since 2000. Seven aphid resistance sources, PI 71506, Dowling, Jackson, PI 56754113, PI 567598B, PI 567543C, and PI 567597C, have been identified. Knowledge of genetic relationships among these sources and their ancestral parents will help breeders develop new cultivars with different resistance genes. The objective of this research was to examine the genetic relationships among these resistance sources. Sixty-one lines were tested with 86 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from 20 linkage groups. Non-hierarchical (VARCLUS) and hierarchical (Ward's) clustering and multidimensional scaling (MDS) were used to determine relationships among the 61 lines. Two hundred and sixty-two alleles of the 86 SSR loci were detected with a mean polymorphism information content of 0.36. The 61 lines were grouped into 4 clusters by both clustering methods and the MDS results consistently corresponded to the assigned clusters. The 7 resistance sources were clustered into 3 different groups corresponding to their geographical origins and known pedigree information, indicating genetic differences among these sources. The largest variation was found among individuals within different clusters by analysis of molecular variance. C1 [Gu, Cuihua; Mensah, Clarice; Wang, Dechun] Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Chen, Charles Y.] USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA USA. [Nelson, Randall L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Genet Res Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Nelson, Randall L.] Univ Illinois, USDA, Agr Res Serv Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM wangdech@msu.edu NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 2007 VL 50 IS 12 BP 1104 EP 1111 DI 10.1139/1307-090 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 254OE UT WOS:000252595100004 PM 18059538 ER PT J AU Goldberg, S Lesch, SM Suarez, DL AF Goldberg, Sabine Lesch, Scott M. Suarez, Donald L. TI Predicting selenite adsorption by soils using soil chemical parameters in the constant capacitance model SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Physical Chemistry of Soil and Aquifer Systems held in Honor of Garrison Sposito CY 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP ACS, Geochem, Environm Chem Div, ACS, Colloid & Surface Chem Div ID SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODEL; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; AQUEOUS SOLUTION INTERFACE; BINARY OXIDE SUSPENSIONS; SELENATE ADSORPTION; BORON ADSORPTION; ALLUVIAL SOILS; SORPTION; OXYANIONS; SE(IV) AB The constant capacitance model, a chemical surface complexation model, was applied to selenite, Se(IV), adsorption on 36 soils selected for variation in soil chemical properties. The constant capacitance model was able to fit Se(IV) adsorption by optimizing one monodentate Se(IV) surface complexation constant and the surface protonation constant. A general regression model was developed for predicting these surface complexation constants for Se(IV) from easily measured soil chemical characteristics. These chemical properties were inorganic carbon content, organic carbon content, iron oxide content, aluminum oxide content, and surface area. The prediction equations were used to obtain values for the surface complexation constants for four additional soils, thereby providing a completely independent evaluation of the ability of the constant capacitance model to describe Se(IV) adsorption. The model's ability to predict Se(IV) adsorption was quantitative on one soil and semi-quantitative on three soils. Incorporation of these prediction equations into chemical speciation-transport models will allow simulation of soil solution Se(IV) concentrations under diverse non-calcareous agricultural and environmental conditions without the requirement of soil specific adsorption data and subsequent parameter optimization. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sgoldberg@ussi.ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 23 BP 5750 EP 5762 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.04.036 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 237IG UT WOS:000251366800014 ER PT J AU Panickar, KS Jayakumar, AR Rao, KVR Norenberg, MD AF Panickar, K. S. Jayakumar, A. R. Rao, K. V. Rama Norenberg, M. D. TI Downregulation of the 18-kDa translocator protein: Effects on the ammonia-induced mitochondrial permeability transition and cell swelling in cultured astrocytes SO GLIA LA English DT Article DE ammonia toxicity; astrocytes; cell swelling; hepatic encephalopathy; mitochondrial permeability transition; peripheral benzodiazepine receptor; 18-kDa translocator protein ID PERIPHERAL BENZODIAZEPINE-RECEPTOR; ACUTE LIVER-FAILURE; FULMINANT HEPATIC-FAILURE; BRAIN EDEMA; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MILD HYPOTHERMIA; PORTACAVAL ANASTOMOSIS; INCREASED DENSITIES; RAT ASTROCYTES/; FREE-RADICALS AB Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a major neurological complication in patients with severe liver disease. While the pathogenesis of HE is unclear, elevated blood and brain ammonia levels are believed to be major etiological factors, and astrocytes appear to be the primary target of its toxicity. A notable feature of ammonia neurotoxicity is an upregulation of the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) (formerly referred to as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor or PBR), which is found on the outer mitochondrial membrane. However, the precise significance of this upregulation is unclear. To examine its potential role in ammonia-induced astrocyte dysfunction, we downregulated the TSPO using antisense oligonucleotides, and examined whether such downregulation could alter two prominent features of ammonia gliotoxicity, namely, the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and astrocyte swelling. Nontransfected cultures treated with NH4Cl (5 mM; 48 h) showed a significant increase in astrocyte cell volume (37.5%). In cultured astrocytes transfected with TSPO antisense oligonucleotides, such cell swelling was reduced to 17%, but this change was not significantly different from control cell volume. Similarly, nontransfected cultures treated with NH4Cl (5 mM; 24 h) exhibited a 40% decline in the cyclosporin A-sensitive mitochondrial inner membrane potential (Delta Psi(m)) (P < 0.01) (a measure of the MPT). By contrast, cells transfected with TSPO antisense oligonucleotides did not display a significant loss of the Delta Psi(m) following ammonia exposure. Our findings highlight the important role of the TSPO in the mechanism of ammonia neurotoxicity. (C) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Miami, FL 33101 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Miami, FL 33101 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Miami, FL 33101 USA. RP Norenberg, MD (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, D-33,POB 016960, Miami, FL 33101 USA. EM mnorenbe@med.miami.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK063311] NR 77 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0894-1491 J9 GLIA JI Glia PD DEC PY 2007 VL 55 IS 16 BP 1720 EP 1727 DI 10.1002/glia.20584 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 228BO UT WOS:000250702300011 PM 17893919 ER PT J AU Mccarthy, HR Oren, R Finzi, AC Ellsworth, DS Kim, HS Johnsen, KH Millar, B AF Mccarthy, Heather R. Oren, Ram Finzi, Adrien C. Ellsworth, David S. Kim, Hyun-Seok Johnsen, Kurt H. Millar, Bonnie TI Temporal dynamics and spatial variability in the enhancement of canopy leaf area under elevated atmospheric CO2 SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE broadleaf leaf area; drought; leaf area index; leaf area profile; Liquidambar styraciflua; nitrogen availability; Pinus taeda ID LOBLOLLY-PINE PLANTATION; LONG-TERM GROWTH; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SCOTS PINE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SHOOT STRUCTURE; ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; TEMPERATE FOREST; DECIDUOUS FOREST AB Increased canopy leaf area (L) may lead to higher forest productivity and alter processes such as species dynamics and ecosystem mass and energy fluxes. Few CO2 enrichment studies have been conducted in closed canopy forests and none have shown a sustained enhancement of L. We reconstructed 8 years (1996-2003) of L at Duke's Free Air CO2 Enrichment experiment to determine the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) on L before and after canopy closure in a pine forest with a hardwood component, focusing on interactions with temporal variation in water availability and spatial variation in nitrogen (N) supply. The dynamics of L were reconstructed using data on leaf litterfall mass and specific leaf area for hardwoods, and needle litterfall mass and specific leaf area combined with needle elongation rates, and fascicle and shoot counts for pines. The dynamics of pine L production and senescence were unaffected by elevated [CO2], although L senescence for hardwoods was slowed. Elevated [CO2] enhanced pine L and the total canopy L (combined pine and hardwood species; P < 0.050); on average, enhancement following canopy closure was similar to 16% and 14% respectively. However, variation in pine L and its response to elevated [CO2] was not random. Each year pine L under ambient and elevated [CO2] was spatially correlated to the variability in site nitrogen availability (e.g. r(2)=0.94 and 0.87 in 2001, when L was highest before declining due to droughts and storms), with the [CO2]-induced enhancement increasing with N (P=0.061). Incorporating data on N beyond the range of native fertility, achieved through N fertilization, indicated that pine L had reached the site maximum under elevated [CO2] where native N was highest. Thus closed canopy pine forests may be able to increase leaf area under elevated [CO2] in moderate fertility sites, but are unable to respond to [CO2] in both infertile sites (insufficient resources) and sites having high levels of fertility (maximum utilization of resources). The total canopy L, representing the combined L of pine and hardwood species, was constant across the N gradient under both ambient and elevated [CO2], generating a constant enhancement of canopy L. Thus, in mixed species stands, L of canopy hardwoods which developed on lower fertility sites (similar to 3 g N inputs m(-2) yr(-1)) may be sufficiently enhanced under elevated [CO2] to compensate for the lack of response in pine L, and generate an appreciable response of total canopy L (similar to 14%). C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Western Sydney, Ctr Plant & Food Sci, Sydney, NSW 1797, Australia. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Carolina Mt Land Conservancy, Hendersonville, NC 28793 USA. RP Mccarthy, HR (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM heather.mccarthy@uci.edu RI Finzi, Adrien/A-7017-2016; OI Finzi, Adrien/0000-0003-2220-4533; Ellsworth, David/0000-0002-9699-2272; McCarthy, Heather R/0000-0002-2219-5182 NR 72 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 12 BP 2479 EP 2497 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01455.x PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 232VS UT WOS:000251049000002 ER PT J AU Luyssaert, S Inglima, I Jung, M Richardson, AD Reichstein, M Papale, D Piao, SL Schulzes, ED Wingate, L Matteucci, G Aragao, L Aubinet, M Beers, C Bernhofer, C Black, KG Bonal, D Bonnefond, JM Chambers, J Ciais, P Cook, B Davis, KJ Dolman, AJ Gielen, B Goulden, M Grace, J Granier, A Grelle, A Griffis, T Grunwald, T Guidolotti, G Hanson, PJ Harding, R Hollinger, DY Hutyra, LR Kolar, P Kruijt, B Kutsch, W Lagergren, F Laurila, T Law, BE Le Maire, G Lindroth, A Loustau, D Malhi, Y Mateus, J Migliavacca, M Misson, L Montagnani, L Moncrieff, J Moors, E Munger, JW Nikinmaa, E Ollinger, SV Pita, G Rebmann, C Roupsard, O Saigusa, N Sanz, MJ Seufert, G Sierra, C Smith, ML Tang, J Valentini, R Vesala, T Janssens, IA AF Luyssaert, S. Inglima, I. Jung, M. Richardson, A. D. Reichstein, M. Papale, D. Piao, S. L. Schulzes, E. -D. Wingate, L. Matteucci, G. Aragao, L. Aubinet, M. Beers, C. Bernhofer, C. Black, K. G. Bonal, D. Bonnefond, J. -M. Chambers, J. Ciais, P. Cook, B. Davis, K. J. Dolman, A. J. Gielen, B. Goulden, M. Grace, J. Granier, A. Grelle, A. Griffis, T. Gruenwald, T. Guidolotti, G. Hanson, P. J. Harding, R. Hollinger, D. Y. Hutyra, L. R. Kolar, P. Kruijt, B. Kutsch, W. Lagergren, F. Laurila, T. Law, B. E. Le Maire, G. Lindroth, A. Loustau, D. Malhi, Y. Mateus, J. Migliavacca, M. Misson, L. Montagnani, L. Moncrieff, J. Moors, E. Munger, J. W. Nikinmaa, E. Ollinger, S. V. Pita, G. Rebmann, C. Roupsard, O. Saigusa, N. Sanz, M. J. Seufert, G. Sierra, C. Smith, M. -L. Tang, J. Valentini, R. Vesala, T. Janssens, I. A. TI CO2 balance of boreal, temperate, and tropical forests derived from a global database SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE carbon cycle; CO2; forest ecosystems; global database; gross primary productivity; net ecosystem productivity; net primary productivity ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; TOTAL SOIL RESPIRATION; EDDY-COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; BLACK SPRUCE FORESTS; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; AMAZONIAN RAIN-FOREST; BROAD-LEAVED FOREST; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION AB Terrestrial ecosystems sequester 2.1 Pg of atmospheric carbon annually. A large amount of the terrestrial sink is realized by forests. However, considerable uncertainties remain regarding the fate of this carbon over both short and long timescales. Relevant data to address these uncertainties are being collected at many sites around the world, but syntheses of these data are still sparse. To facilitate future synthesis activities, we have assembled a comprehensive global database for forest ecosystems, which includes carbon budget variables (fluxes and stocks), ecosystem traits (e.g. leaf area index, age), as well as ancillary site information such as management regime, climate, and soil characteristics. This publicly available database can be used to quantify global, regional or biome-specific carbon budgets; to re-examine established relationships; to test emerging hypotheses about ecosystem functioning [e.g. a constant net ecosystem production (NEP) to gross primary production (GPP) ratio]; and as benchmarks for model evaluations. In this paper, we present the first analysis of this database. We discuss the climatic influences on GPP, net primary production (NPP) and NEP and present the CO2 balances for boreal, temperate, and tropical forest biomes based on micrometeorological, ecophysiological, and biometric flux and inventory estimates. Globally, GPP of forests benefited from higher temperatures and precipitation whereas NPP saturated above either a threshold of 1500 mm precipitation or a mean annual temperature of 10 degrees C. The global pattern in NEP was insensitive to climate and is hypothesized to be mainly determined by nonclimatic conditions such as successional stage, management, site history, and site disturbance. In all biomes, closing the CO2 balance required the introduction of substantial biome-specific closure terms. Nonclosure was taken as an indication that respiratory processes, advection, and non-CO2 carbon fluxes are not presently being adequately accounted for. C1 Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Univ Splein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Naples 2, Dept Environm Sci, I-81100 Caserta, Italy. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Tuscia, Dept Forest Sci & Environm, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. LSCE, Orme Merisiers, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. CNR, ISAFOM, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. Univ Oxford, Ctr Environm, Environm Change Inst, Oxford OX1 3QW, England. Fac Univ Sci Agron Gembloux, Unit Phys, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Hydrol & Meteol, Dept Meteorol, D-01737 Tharandt, Germany. Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland. Irish Council Forest Res & Dev, Dublin 18, Ireland. INRA, UMR Ecofog, Kourou 97387, French Guiana. Ctr Bordeaux, EPHYSE, INRA, Res Unit, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Hydrol & Geo Environm Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. INRA, EEF, F-54280 Seichamps, France. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol & Environm Res, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ctr Ecol & Hydrol Edinburgh, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. USDA, Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Alterra, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. Lund Univ, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. Inst Super Tecn, Dept Engn Mecan, P-1049 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Ambiente & Terr, Milan, Italy. CNRS, CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier, France. Autonomous Prov Bolzano, Agcy Environm, Bolzano, Italy. CIRAD, UPR 80 ETP, F-34398 Montpellier, France. Agcy Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. CEAM, Valencia 46980, Spain. Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Luyssaert, S (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Univ Splein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. EM Sebastiaan.Luyssaert@ua.ac.be RI Matteucci, Giorgio/N-3526-2015; Sanz Sanchez, Maria Jose/A-6099-2016; Montagnani, Leonardo/F-1837-2016; Vesala, Timo/C-3795-2017; Law, Beverly/G-3882-2010; Janssens, Ivan/P-1331-2014; Goulden, Michael/B-9934-2008; BONAL, Damien/B-2384-2009; Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011; Reichstein, Markus/A-7494-2011; Sierra, Carlos/A-5694-2009; Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Luyssaert, Sebastiaan/F-6684-2011; roupsard, olivier/C-1219-2008; Valentini, Riccardo/D-1226-2010; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Migliavacca, mirco/C-1260-2011; Harding, Richard/F-6223-2012; Moors, Eddy/J-5165-2012; aragao, luiz/G-8387-2012; Beer, Christian/D-2296-2013; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Cook, Bruce/M-4828-2013; Grace, John/N-9280-2013; Tang, Jianwu/K-6798-2014; Lindroth, Anders/N-4697-2014; le Maire, Guerric/P-6378-2014; Wingate, Lisa/G-5575-2015; Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014; Seufert, Gunther/J-9918-2013; OI Matteucci, Giorgio/0000-0002-4790-9540; Sanz Sanchez, Maria Jose/0000-0003-0471-3094; Montagnani, Leonardo/0000-0003-2957-9071; Vesala, Timo/0000-0002-4852-7464; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; Janssens, Ivan/0000-0002-5705-1787; Pita, Gabriel/0000-0002-2225-5309; Reichstein, Markus/0000-0001-5736-1112; Sierra, Carlos/0000-0003-0009-4169; Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Valentini, Riccardo/0000-0002-6756-5634; Harding, Richard/0000-0001-7514-287X; Moors, Eddy/0000-0003-2309-2887; aragao, luiz/0000-0002-4134-6708; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Cook, Bruce/0000-0002-8528-000X; Tang, Jianwu/0000-0003-2498-9012; Lindroth, Anders/0000-0002-7669-784X; Wingate, Lisa/0000-0003-1921-1556; Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431; Seufert, Gunther/0000-0002-6019-6688; Papale, Dario/0000-0001-5170-8648; Luyssaert, Sebastiaan/0000-0003-1121-1869; Kolari, Pasi/0000-0001-7271-633X NR 257 TC 398 Z9 425 U1 47 U2 370 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 13 IS 12 BP 2509 EP 2537 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01439.x PG 29 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 232VS UT WOS:000251049000004 ER PT J AU Ayrilmis, N Candan, Z White, R AF Ayrilmis, Nadir Candan, Zeki White, Robert TI Physical, mechanical, and fire properties of oriented strandboard with fire retardant treated veneers SO HOLZ ALS ROH-UND WERKSTOFF LA English DT Article ID TERMITE RESISTANCE; BLOCKBOARD; DECAY AB This study evaluated physical, mechanical and fire properties of oriented strand boards (OSB) covered with fire retardant treated veneers. The beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) veneers were treated with either monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, lime water or a borax/boric acid (1:1 by weight) mixture. Physical and mechanical properties of the specimens were performed according to EN and DIN standards. A cone calorimeter was used to determine their combustion characteristics. The physical and mechanical properties of the specimens were adversely affected by the treatments. The specimens treated with lime water had the best physical performance while the specimens treated with borax/boric acid had the highest mechanical properties. The fire retardant treatments of the face veneers were effective in reducing the initial contribution of heat release to potential fire growth. In particular, the lime water treatment was an effective fire retardant treatment in that it reduced both the effective heat of combustion and the mass loss rate. It also delayed the times for sustained ignition. C1 Univ Forestry Fac, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Ayrilmis, N (reprint author), Univ Forestry Fac, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. EM nadiray@istanbul.edu.tr RI Ayrilmis, Nadir/F-1573-2015 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0018-3768 J9 HOLZ ROH WERKST JI Holz Als Roh-und Werkst. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 65 IS 6 BP 449 EP 458 DI 10.1007/s00107-007-0195-3 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 227BB UT WOS:000250631100006 ER PT J AU Russo, NL Robinson, TL Fazio, G Aldwinckle, HS AF Russo, Nicole L. Robinson, Terence L. Fazio, Gennaro Aldwinckle, Herb S. TI Field evaluation of 64 apple rootstocks for orchard performance and fire blight resistance SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE additional index words. Malus xdomestica; dwarfing; yield efficiency; fruit size; Erwinia amylovora ID 3 TRAINING SYSTEMS; ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; GALA APPLE; CONSTANT RECTANGULARITY; PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY; SEMIDWARF ROOTSTOCKS; VARYING DENSITY; TREES; TRIAL; YIELD AB In 2002, apple rootstock trials using three scion cultivars were established at Geneva, NY, to evaluate 64 apple (Malus xdomestica Borkh.) rootstocks for horticultural performance and fire blight resistance. Field trials compared several elite Geneva (R) apple rootstocks, which were bred for tolerance to fire blight and Phytophthora root rot, to both commercial standards and elite rootstock clones from around the world. Three rootstocks performed well with all scion cultivars: 'B.9', 'Geneva (R) 935', and 'Geneva (R) 41'. All three rootstocks were similar in size to 'M.9' clones but with elevated yield efficiency and superior resistance to fire blight. 'Geneva (R) 11' also performed very well with 'Golden Delicious' and 'Honeycrisp' with regard to yield efficiency and disease resistance. Resistant rootstocks greatly enhanced the survival of young trees, particularly with the susceptible scion cultivars 'Gala' and 'Honeycrisp'. Results demonstrate the ability of new rootstock clones to perform better than current commercial standards, reducing financial risk to producers while promoting orchard health with enhanced disease resistance. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Hort Sci, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Russo, NL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Hort Sci, New York State Agr Expt Stn, 630 West North St, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM hsal@cornell.edu NR 27 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1517 EP 1525 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 233UN UT WOS:000251115900003 ER PT J AU Robins, JG Waldron, BL Johnson, PG AF Robins, Joseph G. Waldron, Blair L. Johnson, Paul G. TI Potential for the improvement of turf quality in crested wheatgrass for low-maintenance conditions SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE additional index words. crested wheatgrass; genotypic correlation; heritability; turfgrass; turf quality ID PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; REGISTRATION; HERITABILITY; SELECTION AB With the exception of the undesirable characteristic of summer dormancy and the accompanying low aesthetic value, crested wheatgrass has many desirable characteristics in semiarid environments, making it a promising candidate for lower water use turf. Using a population of 27 half-sib families, this study characterized the underlying genetics of turf quality (based on a 1-9 rating scale) of crested wheatgrass and compared the performance of crested wheatgrass turf with traditional control cultivars ('Cody' buffalograss, 'Gazelle' tall fescue, 'Manhattan 3' perennial ryegrass, and 'Midnight' Kentucky bluegrass) over 2 years under space-planted conditions. Heritability estimates were generally high (h(2) = 0.44 to 0.84) and suggested a strong additive genetic component for crested wheatgrass turf quality throughout the summer months. Genotypic correlations among the monthly turf quality scores were very high (greater than 0.90) indicating a strong commonality for the genetics underlying turf quality during any point in the growing season. Thus, a breeding program aimed at improving turf quality in this population of crested wheatgrass would stand a good chance for success. However, primarily as a result of summer dormancy, the crested wheatgrass turf performed poorly compared with the control cultivars during late spring and early summer. Turf quality scores in early July were approximate to 3 for the crested wheatgrass half-sib families compared with scores between 5 and 6 for the traditional turf species. Thus, crested wheatgrass, for the near future, will likely be a viable turf candidate only in situations in which turf aesthetics are secondary to a desire for low-input requiring species. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Robins, JG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, 6300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM joseph.robins@usu.edu NR 27 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1526 EP 1529 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 233UN UT WOS:000251115900004 ER PT J AU Thies, JA Levi, A AF Thies, Judy A. Levi, Amnon TI Charcaterization of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) germplasm for resistance to root-knot nematodes SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE additional index words. Citrullus lanatus var. citroides; Citrullus colocynthis; Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus; Meloidogyne arenaria; Meloidogyne incognita; nematode resistance; root-knot nematode AB Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) cause extensive damage to watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. lanatus], and resistance to rootknot nematodes has not been identified in any watermelon cultivar. Twenty-six U.S. Plant Introductions (PIs) of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. citroides (L. H. Bailey) Mansf., one PI of C. lanatus var. lanatus, and three PIs of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. were evaluated in greenhouse tests for resistances to Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood race 3 and Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 2. Twenty-three of the C. lanatus var. citroides PIs and the C. lanatus var. lanatus PIs were previously identified as moderately resistant to M. arenaria race 1. Overall, the C. lanatus var. citroides PIs exhibited low to moderate resistance, and the C. lanatus var. lanatus and C. colocynthis Pls were susceptible to both M. incognita race 3 and M. arenaria race 2. The C lanatus var. citroides PI 482303 was the most resistant PI with gall index (GI) = 2.88 and reproductive index (RI) = 0.34 for M. incognita race 3 and GI = 3.46 and RI = 0.38 for M. arenaria race 2 (1 = no galling; 5 = 26% to 38% root system galled; 9 = 81% to 100% root system galled). These results demonstrate that there is significant genetic variability within C lanatus var. citroides for reaction to H. incognita and M. arenaria race 2, and several C lanatus var. citroides Pls may provide sources of resistance to root-knot nematodes. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Thies, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM judy.thies@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1530 EP 1533 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 233UN UT WOS:000251115900005 ER PT J AU Kousik, CS Shepard, BM Hassell, R Levi, A Simmons, AM AF Kousik, Chandrasekar S. Shepard, B. M. Hassell, Richard Levi, Amnon Simmons, Alvin M. TI Potential sources of resistance to broad mites (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) in watermelon germplasm SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE additional index words. host plant resistance; breeding; Citrullus spp.; plant introduction ID BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; CARMINE SPIDER-MITE; ACARI; TARSONEMIDAE; CITRULLUS; TETRANYCHIDAE; ALEYRODIDAE; BANKS AB Two hundred nineteen U.S. plant introductions (PI) belonging to the watermelon core collection were evaluated for broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), infestation and injury that occurred naturally in a field planting. Of the 219 PIs, nine (4%) had no visible broad mite injury in the field compared with a commercial cultivar, 'Mickey Lee', which was severely injured. Injury mainly occurred on the growing terminals and the tender apical leaves. The growing terminals and the apical leaves were bronzed, grew poorly and, in some cases, they were distorted and curled upward. Broad mites were extracted by washing the growing terminals of 22 selected PIs with boiling water and counting the mites under a stereomicroscope. 'Mickey Lee' had more broad mites on growing terminals compared with some of the PIs with no visible injury. Fourteen selected PIs were further evaluated in the greenhouse to confirm their resistance by artificially infesting them with broad mites that had been cultured on susceptible watermelon plants. PIs in accessions belonging to Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus (PI 357708), Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (PI 500354), Citrullus colocynthis (PI 386015, PI 386016, PI 525082), and Parecitrullus fistulosus (PI 449332) bad significantly lower broad mite injury ratings and counts compared with 'Mickey Lee' and other susceptible PIs. Broad mites have not been reported on watermelons in the United States before; however, it can emerge as a serious pest. The previously mentioned accessions can serve as potential sources of broad mite resistance for use in breeding programs aimed at enhancing pest resistance in watermelon. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Kousik, CS (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM shaker.kousik@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1539 EP 1544 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 233UN UT WOS:000251115900007 ER PT J AU Marshall, DA Spiers, JM Stringer, SJ Curry, KJ AF Marshall, Donna A. Spiers, James M. Stringer, Stephen J. Curry, Kenneth J. TI Laboratory method to estimate rain-induced splitting in cultivated blueberries SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE additional index words. fruit splitting; fruit cracking; rabbiteye blueberry; Vaccinium ashei; southern highbush blueberry ID SWEET CHERRIES; CRACKING AB yPreharvest rainfall that occurs when fruit are fully ripe or approaching full ripeness can result in detrimental fruit splitting in rabbiteye and southern highbush blueberries. This study was initiated to develop a laboratory method to model rain-related incidence of splitting in cultivated blueberries with the goal of predicting the incidence of splitting in blueberry cultivars and selections. Multiyear field surveys of rabbiteye and southern highbush cultivars show that the incidence of rain-related splitting is strongly cultivar-dependent. Laboratory values for forced splitting and naturally occurring rain-related field splitting data show a strong correlation indicating that the incidence of fruit splitting can be accurately estimated by this laboratory method. Soaking the berries in distilled water 14 h at room temperature gives a confident determination of splitting tendencies. Blueberry breeders and geneticists can use this method to evaluate new potential blueberry cultivars for splitting tendencies as part of routine screening. This would lead to a long-term goal of reducing splitting susceptible blueberry cultivars in commercial plantings. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Marshall, DA (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, 810 Highway 26 W,POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM DAMarshall@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1551 EP 1553 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 233UN UT WOS:000251115900009 ER PT J AU Wood, BW AF Wood, Bruce W. TI Correction of zinc deficiency in pecan by soil banding SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE additional index words. Carya illinoinensis; nutrient disorder; stress; growth; micronutrients; sulfate; oxide ID LEAFLETS; YIELD AB Zinc (Zn) deficiency is common in commercial pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] orchards. Correction by multiple annual foliar spray applications is expensive but effective in eliminating Zn deficiency. Correction by soil application is also expensive and is usually impractical or noneffective. There is a need for more economical and long-lasting methods for satisfying tree Zn nutritional needs. It is reported here that tree foliar Zn needs [(i.e., 50 mu g.g(-1) dry weight (dw) or greater] are potentially met through one-time "banding" of Zn sulfate (ZnSO4 center dot 7H(2)O) or Zn oxide (ZnO) onto orchard floors. Zinc needs of 4-year-old 'Desirable' trees growing on acidic soil were satisfied over a 4-year period by a single-banded soil application of either Zn sulfate or ZnO over underground drip irrigation lines at a Zn rate of 2112 g Zn per tree (giving foliar Zn concentrations of 60-115 mu g.g(-1) dw). Rates of Zn at 264 to 1056 g per tree are occasionally efficacious, but rates less than 264 g Zn per tree (0, 33, 66, and 132) were always ineffective for meeting a leaf sufficiency threshold of 50 mu g.g(-1) dw. Sulfate and oxide Zn forms were equally effective in meeting tree Zn needs. Foliar Zn concentrations increased quadratically with increasing soil-banded Zn treatments; however, foliar Zn concentrations did not necessarily increase over the 4-year period within each Zn rate treatment. Increasing amounts of banded Zn per tree also increased foliar Mn concentration (from approximate to 150 to 269 mu g.g(-1) dw) of treated trees the fourth year posttreatment but did not affect foliar concentration of other key micronutrients (i.e., Fe, Co, Cu, or Ni). This fertilization strategy offers an efficacious alternative to annual foliar Zn sprays for orchards established on acidic soils and provides a means of ensuring rapid and long-term Zn absorption through soil application. The approach indicates that soil banding of Zn on certain acidic soils can satisfy the nutritional needs of pecan trees for several years after a single application. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Wood, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM bwwood@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1554 EP 1558 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 233UN UT WOS:000251115900010 ER PT J AU Pinnavaia, S Senesi, E Plotto, A Narciso, JA Baldwin, EA AF Pinnavaia, Simona Senesi, Emilio Plotto, Anne Narciso, Jan A. Baldwin, Elizabeth A. TI Flavor and other quality factors of enzyme-peeled oranges treated with citiric acid SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AROMA COMPONENTS; SHELF-LIFE; FRESH; CHROMATOGRAPHY; MATRIX; ESTERS; APPLES AB Oranges can be satisfactorily processed for fresh slices using a process of enzyme infiltration under vacuum. Scored 'Valencia' and 'Hamlin' oranges were placed under 90 kPa vacuum in water, 1% citric acid (CA), or 1000 ppm pectinase (Ultrazym) at 30 degrees C for 2 min followed by 30 min incubation in air. After peeling, fruit were washed, cut, and all but CA-infused slices were dipped in water or 1% CA for 2 min. Drained slices were placed in sealed 454-mL deli containers and stored at 5 degrees C for up to 21 days. All 'Valencia' slices had microbial counts less than 1.0 log cfu.g(-1) (efu = colony-forming units) after 7 days storage, and slices from CA-infused fruit had less than 1.0 log cfu.g(-1) after 21 days storage. For 'Hamlin', CA dips controlled bacterial growth on slices from water-infused oranges, except at 14 days. Enzyme-infused oranges resulted in slices with lower counts for both cultivars. CA-treated sliced (post enzyme treatment or by infusion) oranges had higher titratable acidity initially ('Hamlin') and after 14 days ('Valencia'). When presented to a taste panel, 'Valencia' slices from enzyme-peeled fruit were preferred for texture after 2 days and 8 days in storage. In contrast, slices from fruit infused with water or citric acid were least preferred, were firmer, and had thicker segment membranes. Appearance of enzyme-treated fruit was preferred for 'Hamlin' oranges. Enzyme treatments increased levels of aroma volatiles, methanol and methyl butanoate, in 'Hamlin' slices, but overall sensory flavor data were unaffected. C1 USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. Ist Sperimentale Valorizzazione Tecnol Prod Agr I, Milan, Italy. RP Plotto, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S,NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM plotto@citrus.usda.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1644 EP 1650 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 233UN UT WOS:000251115900029 ER PT J AU Argenta, LC Fan, XT Mattheis, JP AF Argenta, Luiz C. Fan, Xuetong Mattheis, James P. TI Responses of 'Golden delicious' apples to 1-MCP applied in air or water SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE; SUPERFICIAL SCALD; 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE 1-MCP; ANNA APPLES; FRUIT; TEMPERATURE; MCINTOSH; QUALITY AB The efficacy of the ethylene action inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) applied in water to slow ripening of 'Golden Delicious' [Malus sylvestris var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] apples was evaluated in comparison with 1-MCP applied in air. The material was applied by dipping fruit in 1-MCP water solutions (0.03,0.3, or 3 mmol.m(-3)) for 4 min or by exposing fruit to 1-MCP gas (0.42, 4.2, or 42 mu mol-m(-3)) in air for 12 h. Fruit were held in air at 20 degrees C for 25 days after treatment or stored at 0.5 degrees C in air for up to 6 months followed by 7 days in air at 20 degrees C. Application of 1-MCP in water or air delayed the increase in respiration and ethylene production associated with fruit ripening and reduced the amount of fruit softening, loss of acidity, and change in peel color. Treatments applied in water required a 700-fold higher amount of active ingredient compared with treatments applied in air to induce similar physiological responses. Fruit responses to 1-MCP varied with treatment concentration, and the maximum effects were obtained at concentrations of 4.2 or 42 mu mol.m(-3) in air and 3 mmol.m(-3) in water. Peel color change was impacted less than retention of firmness and titratable acidity for 1-MCP treatments applied at concentrations of 4.2 or 42 mu mol.m(-3) in air and 0.3 or 3 mmol.m(-3) in water. Treatment with 1-MCP in air or water was less effective for slowing peel degreening when treated fruit were stored at 0.5 degrees C compared with storage at 20 degrees C. Fruit treated with 1-MCP and stored in air at 0.5 degrees C developed a peel disorder typified by a gray brown discoloration that is unlike other disorders previously reported for this cultivar. Symptoms were present when fruit were removed from cold storage and no change in symptom appearance was observed during a 7-d holding period at 20 degrees C. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Mattheis, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mattheis@tfrl.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1651 EP 1655 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 233UN UT WOS:000251115900030 ER PT J AU Lim, CS Kang, SM Cho, JL Gross, KC Woolf, AB AF Lim, Chae Shin Kang, Seong Mo Cho, Jeoung Lai Gross, Kenneth C. Woolf, Allan B. TI Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits are susceptible to chilling injury at the breaker stage of ripeness SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHYSIOLOGICAL-CHANGES; ABSCISIC-ACID; WATER-STRESS; ETHYLENE; STORAGE; TEMPERATURES; SENSITIVITY; SENESCENCE; POLYAMINES; BROCCOLI AB To study ripening-related chilling injury (CI) of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), fruit at mature green, breaker, and red-ripe stages were stored at 1, 5, 7, and 10 degrees C for 4 weeks. Surface pitting was evaluated after storage at 1 degrees C for 2 weeks followed by a 2-day exposure to room temperature (20 degrees C). Exposing fruit to 1 degrees C enhanced water loss, respiration, ethylene production, and electrolyte leakage, but slowed color change. Weight loss, respiration, ethylene production, electrolyte leakage, and color change increased more in breaker than in mature green and red-ripe fruit. No pitting symptom was observed at temperatures of 5 to 10 degrees C. After storing peppers at 1 degrees C for 2 weeks, breaker stage fruit exhibited chilling symptoms of severe surface pitting with more sheet pitting and deeper peel depression. Mature green fruit showed only moderate pitting. However, red-ripe peppers showed no injury and cells showed a normal appearance a er low-temperature storage (1 degrees C). These results show that bell peppers tended to be more susceptible to chilling temperature while at the breaker stage and that the increase in visible CI is correlated with increased water loss, respiration, ethylene production, electrolyte leakage, and color change during storage. C1 Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Div Appl Life Sci, Dept Hort, Jinju 660701, South Korea. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Mt Albert Res Ctr, Hort & Food Res Inst New Zealand Ltd, Mt Albert, New Zealand. RP Cho, JL (reprint author), Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Div Appl Life Sci, Dept Hort, 900 Gazwa Dong, Jinju 660701, South Korea. EM limsabin@daum.net; jlcho@nongae.gsnu.ac.kr RI Woolf, Allan/B-9760-2011 OI Woolf, Allan/0000-0003-1347-3256 NR 34 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1659 EP 1664 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 233UN UT WOS:000251115900032 ER PT J AU Davis, AR King, SR AF Davis, Angela R. King, Stephen R. TI MSW-28, a full-flavor crisp watermelon line with high lycopene and medium brix SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Davis, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159,Highway 3 W, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM adavis-usda@lane-ag.org NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1715 EP 1716 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 233UN UT WOS:000251115900043 ER PT J AU Mou, B AF Mou, Beiquan TI Leafminer-resistant spinach germplasm 03-04-63 SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID LIRIOMYZA-TRIFOLII DIPTERA; AGROMYZIDAE C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Mou, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM bmou@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1717 EP 1718 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 233UN UT WOS:000251115900044 ER PT J AU Fery, RL Thies, JA AF Fery, Richard L. Thies, Judy A. TI 'TigerPaw-NR', a root-knot Nematode-resistant, Habanero-type pepper SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CAPSICUM-CHINENSE JACQ; CAYENNE PEPPER; INHERITANCE; CULTIGENS C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Fery, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM Richard.Fery@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1721 EP 1722 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 233UN UT WOS:000251115900046 ER PT J AU Havey, MJ Bohanec, B AF Havey, Michael J. Bohanec, Borut TI Onion inbred line 'B8667 A&B' and synthetic populations 'Sapporo-Ki-1 A&B' and 'Onion haploid-1' SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID OPEN-POLLINATED POPULATIONS AB The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, announces the release of onion inbred 'B8667 A&B' and synthetic population 'Sapporo-Ki (SKI) -1 A&B'. Both of these releases represent a cytoplasmic male-sterile (A) line with its maintainer (B) for seed propagation of male-sterile plants. 'B8667 A&B' is intended for production of red, long-day, well-storing hybrids. 'SKI-1' combines the earliness of the Japanese population 'Sapporo-Ki' with maintenance of cytoplasmic male sterility. The long-day synthetic population 'Onion Haploid-1' ('OH-1') is a joint release of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. 'OH-1' is intended to serve as a responsive control for extraction of gynogenic haploids of onion. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Ljubljana, Biotech Fac, Dept Agron, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mjhavey@wisc.edu NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1731 EP 1732 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 233UN UT WOS:000251115900050 ER PT J AU Brown, CR Culley, D Bonierbale, M Amoros, W AF Brown, Charles R. Culley, David Bonierbale, Meredith Amoros, Walter TI Anthocyanin, carotenoid content, and antioxidant values in native south American potato cultivars SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE additional index word ORAC; pigments; germplasm; specialty potatoes; solanum chaucha; solanum tuberosum; group goniocalyx; group phureja; group stenotomum ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; BREEDING LINES; ASSAY; INHERITANCE; COLOR; FLESH AB Tubers of 38 native potato cultivars of different taxonomic groups from South America were analyzed to determine the total anthocyanins, total carotenoids, and antioxidant values. Total anthocyanin ranged from zero to 23 mg cyanidin equivalents/400 g fresh weight (FW). Total carotenoid ranged from 38 to 2020 mu g zeaxanthin equivalents/100 g FW. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) was measured for the anthocyanin (hydrophilic) and carotenoid (lipophilic) extracts. The hydrophilic ORAC ranged from 333 to 1408 mu M Trolox equivalents/100 g FW. The lipophilic ORAC ranged from 4.7 to 30 nM alpha-tocopherol equivalents/100 g FW. The cultivars consisted of 23 diploids, seven triploids, and eight tetraploids. Total carotenoids was negatively correlated with total anthocyanins. Total anthocyanins was correlated with hydrophilic ORAC. Among clones with less than 2 mg cyanidin equivalents/100 g FW, total carotenoid and lipophilic ORAC were correlated, but this was not true for analysis of all 38 clones. Although total anthocyanins or hydrophilic ORAC values reported here were not outside of the ranges found in North American and other breeding materials, total carotenoids and lipophilic ORACs are higher than previously reported, suggesting that native cultivars of South America with high levels of total carotenoids and high lipophilic ORAC are a unique germplasm source for introgression of these traits into specific potato cultivars outside the center of origin. C1 USDA ARS, Hort LA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Batelle Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Int Potato Ctr, Dept Genet Resources & Breeding, Lima, Peru. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort LA, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM cbrown@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1733 EP 1736 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 233UN UT WOS:000251115900051 ER PT J AU Fowler, C Konopik, E AF Fowler, Cynthia Konopik, Evelyn TI The history of fire in the southern United States SO HUMAN ECOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE fire; culture; native Americans; US south ID APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; FORESTS; USA; LANDSCAPES; VEGETATION; PIEDMONT; SET AB Anthropogenic fires have been a key form of disturbance in southern ecosystems for more than 10,000 years. Archaeological and ethnohistorical information reveal general patterns in fire use during the five major cultural periods in the South; these are Native American prehistory, early European settlement, industrialization, fire suppression, and fire management. Major shifts in cultural traditions are linked to significant transitions in fire regimes. A holistic approach to fire ecology is necessary for illuminating the multiple, complex links between the cultural history of the South and the evolution of southern ecosystems. The web of connections between history, society, politics, economy, and ecology are inherent to the phenomena of fire. C1 Wofford coll, Spartanburg, SC 29303 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Asheville, NC USA. RP Fowler, C (reprint author), Wofford coll, Spartanburg, SC 29303 USA. EM fowlerct@wofford.edu; Ekonopik72@cs.com NR 83 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 22 PU SOC HUMAN ECOLOGY PI BAR HARBOR PA 105 EDEN ST, BAR HARBOR, ME 04609 USA SN 1074-4827 J9 HUM ECOL REV JI Hum. Ecol. Rev. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 165 EP 176 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Sociology GA 206QD UT WOS:000249197100006 ER PT J AU Jakes, P Kruger, L Monroe, M Nelson, K Sturtevant, V AF Jakes, Pamela Kruger, Linda Monroe, Martha Nelson, Kristen Sturtevant, Victoria TI Improving wildfire preparedness: Lessons from communities across the US SO HUMAN ECOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE community preparedness; wildfire risk; mitigating risk; fuels reduction; rural communities AB Communities across the U.S. have been taking action to adapt to the wildfire risk they face. In a series of case studies conducted in 15 communities, researchers identified and described four elements that form the foundation for community wildfire preparedness: landscape, government, citizens, and community. C1 No Res Stn, US Forest Serv, St Paul, MN USA. Pacific Northwest Reg & Pacific Northwest Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Juneau, AK USA. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Food Agr & Nat Res Sci CFANS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. So Oregon Univ, Ashland, OR USA. RP Jakes, P (reprint author), No Res Stn, US Forest Serv, St Paul, MN USA. EM pjakes@fs.fed.us NR 45 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC HUMAN ECOLOGY PI BAR HARBOR PA 105 EDEN ST, BAR HARBOR, ME 04609 USA SN 1074-4827 J9 HUM ECOL REV JI Hum. Ecol. Rev. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 188 EP 197 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Sociology GA 206QD UT WOS:000249197100008 ER PT J AU Vaske, JJ Absher, JD Bright, AD AF Vaske, Jerry J. Absher, James D. Bright, Alan D. TI Salient value similarity, social trust and attitudes toward wildland fire management strategies SO HUMAN ECOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE salient value similarity; trust; attitudes; wildlandfire management ID RISK PERCEPTION; URBAN INTERFACE; PRESCRIBED FIRE; PUBLIC SUPPORT; KNOWLEDGE; MODELS; POLICIES; THINKING AB We predicted that social trust in the USDA Forest Service would mediate the relationship between shared value similarity (SVS) and attitudes toward prescribed burning and mechanical thinning. Data were obtained from a mail survey (n = 532) of rural Colorado residents living in the wildland urban interface (WUI). A structural equation analysis was used to assess the mediation role of social trust. Results indicated that respondents shared the same values as USDA Forest Service managers, and trusted the agency to use prescribed burning and mechanical thinning effectively. As hypothesized, social trustfully mediated the relationship between salient value similarity and attitudes toward prescribed burning and mechanical thinning. As salient value similarity increased, social trust in the agency increased. As social trust increased, approval of prescribed burning and mechanical thinning increased. These findings reinforce the role of social trust in gaining public support for wildfire management and support prior SVS research suggesting that trust mediates the relationship between value similarity and attitudes. C1 Colorado State Univ, Human Dimens Nat Resources Unit, Dept Human Dimens Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Pacific SW Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Riverside, CA USA. RP Vaske, JJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Human Dimens Nat Resources Unit, Dept Human Dimens Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jerryv@cnr.colostate.edu; jabsher@fs.fed.us; abright@cnr.colostate.edu NR 54 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 17 PU SOC HUMAN ECOLOGY PI BAR HARBOR PA 105 EDEN ST, BAR HARBOR, ME 04609 USA SN 1074-4827 J9 HUM ECOL REV JI Hum. Ecol. Rev. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 223 EP 232 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Sociology GA 206QD UT WOS:000249197100011 ER PT J AU Eckstein, Y Lewis, VE Bonta, JV AF Eckstein, Yoram Lewis, Valerie E. Bonta, James V. TI Chemical evolution of acid precipitation in the unsaturated zone of the Pennsylvanian siltstones and shale of central Ohio SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrochemistry; unsaturated zone; acid rain; hydrochemical modeling; neutralization ID DEPOSITION; WATER; ALUMINUM; ACIDIFICATION; CATCHMENT; CARBONATE; EXCHANGE AB The North Appalachian Experimental Watershed in Coshocton, Ohio, USA has recorded average pH of precipitation of 4.7 over a 30-year period. The area lies within the Pennsylvanian siltstones and shale, dominated by aluminosilicates and < 5% calcite. A study was conducted to determine the evolution of acid deposition through an unsaturated to saturated zone composed of siltstone and shale in an isolated hill, precluding lateral flow and seepage. The results from water-rock chemical reactions modeled using PHREEQM demonstrate the percolating precipitation water is neutralized to pH 7.5 within the top 1.5 m. The model suggests that, along with calcite, dissolution of albite, illite, and kaolinite are the dominant mechanisms of neutralization. The cation exchange capacity of the siltstone and shale, in the range 54.6-386meq/100g, appears to be a function of high organic carbon content of 2.0-3.2%. While cation exchange is responsible for some of the Na+ in solution, it is not the primary source of Ca2+, Mg2+, or K+ ions. Exchange onto clays is occurring, but is secondary to exchange on organic matter. Chemical composition of groundwater perched within a coal seam is controlled by oxidation and dissolution of pyrite, returning pH to approximately 4.0. C1 Kent State Univ, Dept Geol, Kent, OH 44242 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Eckstein, Y (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Geol, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM yeckstel@kent.edu; jim.bonta@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1489 EP 1505 DI 10.1007/s10040-007-0199-4 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 234EV UT WOS:000251144400004 ER PT J AU Dahleen, LS Manoharan, M AF Dahleen, Lynn S. Manoharan, Muthusamy TI Recent advances in barley transformation SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Review DE Hordeum vulgare; particle bombardment; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; markers; promoters; somaclonal variation; gene expression; disease resistance ID HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; FERTILE TRANSGENIC BARLEY; GREEN-FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; MATRIX ATTACHMENT REGIONS; PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; PLANT-REGENERATION; SELECTABLE MARKER; MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION AB Barley, an important member of the cereals, has been successfully transformed through various methods such as particle bombardment, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, DNA uptake, and electroporation. Initially, the transformation in barley concentrated on developing protocols using marker genes such as gus, bar, and hpt. Immature embryos and callus derived from immature embryos were targeted for transformation. Subsequently, genes of agronomic and malting importance have been deployed in barley. Particle bombardment appears to be the preferred choice for barley transformation in the majority of the reports, although Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is being used more often. The current review focuses on the challenges encountered in barley transformation such as somaclonal variation, development of transformation systems for commercial cultivars, gene expression, stability and inheritance, and gene flow. Newer markers such as the green fluorescent protein (gfp), firefly luciferase, and phosphomannose isomerase were found to be useful in the selection of transgenic plants. Tissue-specific promoters such as those for B1-hordein and D-hordein genes, and spike-specific promoters, are increasingly used to drive gene expression. The review also describes recent research on gene-tagging through transformation, insertion of disease resistance, and abiotic stress resistance genes, transformation with genes for improved malting quality, nutrient content, feed quality, and the production of feed enzymes and pharmaceutical compounds. C1 [Dahleen, Lynn S.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Manoharan, Muthusamy] Univ Arkansas, Dept Agr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. RP Dahleen, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM lynn.dahleen@ars.usda.gov NR 90 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 493 EP 506 DI 10.1007/s11627-007-9068-z PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 241FW UT WOS:000251643300002 ER PT J AU Schmidt, MA Herman, EM AF Schmidt, M. A. Herman, E. M. TI Suppression of soybean oleosin results in malformation and aggregation of oil bodies into organelle complexes SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the Society-for-in-Vitro-Biology CY JUN 09-13, 2007 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Soc Vitro Biol C1 USDA ARS, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. EM mschmidt@danforthcenter.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 669 EP 670 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 241FW UT WOS:000251643300028 ER PT J AU Niedz, RP Evens, TJ AF Niedz, R. P. Evens, T. J. TI The effects of mineral nutrients on callus growth and in vitro shoot multiplication SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the Society-for-in-Vitro-Biology CY JUN 09-13, 2007 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Soc Vitro Biol C1 [Niedz, R. P.; Evens, T. J.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM Randall.Niedz@ars.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 670 EP 671 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 241FW UT WOS:000251643300031 ER PT J AU Geveke, DJ Brunkhorst, C Fan, XT AF Geveke, David J. Brunkhorst, Christopher Fan, Xuetong TI Radio frequency electric fields processing of orange juice SO INNOVATIVE FOOD SCIENCE & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Innovative Foods Centre Conference CY SEP 14-15, 2004 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA DE radio frequency electric fields; orange juice; non-thermal pasteurization; quality; E. coli; processing costs ID INACTIVATION; KINETICS AB The non-thermal process of radio frequency electric fields (RFEF) has been shown to inactivate bacteria in apple juice at moderately low temperatures, but has yet to be extended to inactivate bacteria in orange juice. An 80 kW RFEF pasteurizer was used to process pulp-free orange juice at flow rates of 1.0 and 1.41/min. Escherichia coli K 12 in orange juice was exposed to electric field strengths of 15 and 20 kV/cm at frequencies of 21, 30, and 40 kHz. Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) content and color of the juice before and after treatment were analyzed. Electrical energy costs were calculated using the measured voltage and current. An energy balance was performed using the inlet and outlet temperatures. Processing at an outlet temperature of 65 degrees C reduced the population of E. coli by 3.3 log relative to the control. Increasing the treatment time and temperature and decreasing the frequency enhanced the level of inactivation. Varying the electric field strength over the range of conditions used had no effect on the inactivation. No loss in ascorbic acid or enzymatic browning was observed due to RFEF processing. The electrical energy determined using the voltage and current was 180 J/ml. This was in good agreement with the energy calculated using the temperature data. The electrical cost was $0.0026/1 of orange juice. The results provided the first evidence that the RFEF process inactivates bacteria in orange juice at moderately low temperatures. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Geveke, David J.; Fan, Xuetong] USDA, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Brunkhorst, Christopher] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Geveke, DJ (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dgeveke@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1466-8564 J9 INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG JI Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 8 IS 4 BP 549 EP 554 DI 10.1016/j.ifset.2007.04.012 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 244ER UT WOS:000251849600013 ER PT J AU Rachinsky, A Guerrero, FD Scoles, GA AF Rachinsky, Anna Guerrero, Felix D. Scoles, Glen A. TI Differential protein expression in ovaries of uninfected and Babesia-infected southern cattle ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus; Babesia bovis; proteorne; differential protein expression; ovary; mass spectrometry; calreticulin; Kunitz inhibitor; pepticlyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase; glutamine synthetase; lysozyme ID AMERICAN DOG TICK; GENE-EXPRESSION; DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS; ORGANOPHOSPHATE-RESISTANT; ORNITHODOROS-MOUBATA; TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI; SALIVARY PROTEIN; CALRETICULIN; LARVAE; ACARI AB We used gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to investigate differences in protein expression in ovarian tissues from Babesia bovis-infected and uninfected southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Soluble and membrane proteins were extracted from ovaries of adult female ticks, and analyzed by isoelectric focusing (IEF) and one-dimensional or two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. Protein patterns were analyzed for differences in expression between infected and uninfected ticks. 2-D separation of proteins revealed a number of proteins that appeared to be up- or down-regulated in response to infection with Babesia, in particular membrane/membrane-associated proteins and proteins in a low molecular mass range between 6 and 36 kDa. A selection of differentially expressed proteins was subjected to analysis by capillary-HPLC-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Among the ovarian proteins that were up-regulated in infected ticks were calreticulin, two myosin subunits, an endoplasmic reticulum protein, a peptidyl-proly) cis-trans isomerase (PPIase), a cytochrome c oxidase subunit, a glutamine synthetase, and a family of Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors. Among the down-regulated ovarian proteins were another PPIase, a hemoglobin subunit, and a lysozyme. This study is part of an ongoing effort to establish a proteome database that can be utilized to investigate specific proteins involved in successful pathogen transmission. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Rachinsky, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM anna.rachinsky@ars.usda.gov NR 74 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1291 EP 1308 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2007.08.001 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 237UL UT WOS:000251401800006 PM 17967348 ER PT J AU Greenberg, SM Jones, GD Eischen, F Coleman, RJ Adamczyk, JJ Liu, TX Setamou, M AF Greenberg, Shoil M. Jones, Gretchen D. Eischen, Frank Coleman, Randy J. Adamczyk, John J., Jr. Liu, Tong-Xian Setamou, Mamoudou TI Survival of boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) adults after feeding on pollens from various sources SO INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE boll weevil; Anthonomus grandis grandis; Curculionidae; subtropics; pollen ID RIO-GRANDE VALLEY; SOUTHERN TEXAS; NORTHEASTERN MEXICO; WINTER SURVIVAL; HOST PLANTS; HONEY BEES; COTTON; ARIZONA; REPRODUCTION; EMERGENCE AB The survival of overwintering boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis (Boheman), adults on non-cotton hosts in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of Texas was examined from 2001 to 2006. The success of the Boll Weevil Eradication Program, which was reintroduced into the LRGV in 2005, depends on controlling overwintering boll weevil populations. Laboratory studies were conducted using boll weevil adults that were captured in pheromone traps from September through March. The number of adults captured per trap declined significantly in the field from fall to the beginning of spring (3.5-7.0-fold). The proportion of trapped males and females did not differ significantly. The mean weight of boll weevil adults captured in September was 13.3 mg, while those of captured adults from November to February were significantly lower and ranged from 6.7 to 7.8 mg. Our results show that boll weevil adults can feed on different plant pollens. The highest longevity occurred when adults were fed almond pollen or mixed pollens (72.6 days and 69.2 days, respectively) and the lowest when they fed on citrus pollen or a non-food source (9.7 days or 7.4 days, respectively). The highest adult survival occurred on almond and mixed pollens [88.0%-97. 6% after 1st feeding period (10 days), 78.0%-90.8% after 3rd feeding period (10 days), 55. 0%-83.6% after 5th feeding period (10 days), and 15.2%-32.4% after 10th feeding period (10 days)]. The lowest adult survival occurred on citrus pollen [52.0%-56.0% after 1st feeding period (10 days), 13.3% after 3rd and 5th feeding periods (10 days), and 0 after 6th feeding period (10 days)]. Pollen feeding is not a behavior restricted to adult boll weevils of a specific sex or physiological state. Understanding how boll weevil adults survive in the absence of cotton is important to ensure ultimate success of eradicating this pest in the subtropics. C1 [Liu, Tong-Xian] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Entomol, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Greenberg, Shoil M.; Coleman, Randy J.; Adamczyk, John J., Jr.] USDA ARS, KSARC BIRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Jones, Gretchen D.] USDA ARS, APMRU, College Stn, TX USA. [Eischen, Frank] USDA ARS, KSARC Honey Bee Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Setamou, Mamoudou] Texas A&M Univ, Kingsville Citrus Ctr, Weslaco, TX USA. RP Liu, TX (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Entomol, 2415 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM tx-liu@tamu.edu NR 43 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1672-9609 J9 INSECT SCI JI Insect Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 14 IS 6 BP 503 EP 510 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2007.00179.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 239VO UT WOS:000251546600008 ER PT J AU Vegas, FE Ochoa, R Astorga, C Walter, DE AF Vegas, Fernando E. Ochoa, Ronald Astorga, Carlos Walter, David E. TI Mites (ARACHNIDA : ACARI) inhabiting coffee domatia: A short review and recent findings from Costa Rica SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE acari; acaridae; ascidae; edbakerellidae; iolinidae; stigmaeidae; tarsonemidae; coffee; domatia; Costa Rica ID LEAF DOMATIA; ARABICA; PLANTS AB Eight previously unreported domatia-inhabiting mites are reported from Coffea arabica L. and C. eugenioides S. Moore (Rubiaceae) accessions planted in Costa Rica. One of these, an Asca sp., was found to be carrying fungal spores on its cuticle. A review of the literature on mites in coffee domatia is presented. C1 Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Unidad Recursos Fitogenet Biotechnol, Ctr Agronom Trop Invest Ensenanza, Dept Agr Agroforesteria, CATIE 7170, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Univ Alberta, Ctr Biol Sci, Dept Biol Sci, CW 405, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RP Vegas, FE (reprint author), Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Fernando.Trega@ars.usda.gov; Ron.Ochoa@ars.usda.gov OI Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU INDIRA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI WEST BLOOMFIELD PA P O BOX 250456, WEST BLOOMFIELD, MI 48325-0456 USA SN 0164-7954 J9 INT J ACAROL JI Int. J. Acarol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 BP 291 EP 295 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 238RM UT WOS:000251465200001 ER PT J AU Walton, VM Dreves, AJ Gent, DH James, DG Martin, RR Chambers, U Skinkis, PA AF Walton, Vaughn M. Dreves, Amy J. Gent, David H. James, David G. Martin, Robert R. Chambers, Ute Skinkis, Patricia A. TI Relationship between rust mites Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa), bud mites Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher) (Acari : Eriophyidae) and short shoot syndrome in Oregon vineyards SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acari; Eriophyidae; Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa); Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher); Vitis vinifera; crop loss; short shoot syndrome; vineyard; USA ID SPATIAL PATTERNS; GRAPEVINE; AUSTRALIA; TETRANYCHIDAE; PHYTOSEIIDAE; WASHINGTON; PREDATORS; ECOLOGY; SULFUR AB Short Shoot Syndrome (SSS) causes severe crop losses in Oregon vineyards due to bunch necrosis during the early part of the season. Other symptoms include malformed leaves, unusually short and angled shoots, scar tissue and bronzed leaves close to harvest time. This work shows that SSS found in Oregon vineyards is closely associated with grape leaf rust mite, Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa) infestations. Very few bud mites, Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher), were found in the vineyards during the current year and no relationship could be found between SSS symptoms and this species. During winter, rust mites are dormant and no evidence of direct bud damage from rust mites was found inside undeveloped buds. Tissue damage from mites was first observed between bud break and the two-leaf stage in mite infested vineyards. Rust mite colonies were found under outer bud scales and bark of canes close to the buds. Crop losses as high as 23.7% were directly linked to rust mite infestations and SSS from several vineyards sampled in Oregon. C1 Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Oregon State Univ, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Walton, VM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, 4017 Ag & Life Sci Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM waltonv@hort.oregonstate.edu NR 51 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDIRA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI WEST BLOOMFIELD PA P O BOX 250456, WEST BLOOMFIELD, MI 48325-0456 USA SN 0164-7954 J9 INT J ACAROL JI Int. J. Acarol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 BP 307 EP 318 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 238RM UT WOS:000251465200003 ER PT J AU Jackson, CR Boylan, JA Frye, JG Gherardini, FC AF Jackson, Charlene R. Boylan, Julie A. Frye, Jonathan G. Gherardini, Frank C. TI Evidence of a conjugal erythromycin resistance element in the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS LA English DT Article DE Borrelia burgdorferi; erythromycin; antimicrobial resistance; conjugation ID MULTIPLE ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EFFLUX SYSTEM; MACROLIDE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; FAECALIS; RECOMBINATION; CEFTRIAXONE AB We report the identification of isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi strain B31 that exhibit an unusual macrolide-lincosamide (ML) or macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin A (MLSA) antibiotic resistance pattern. Low-passage isolates were resistant to high levels (>100 mu g/mL) of erythromycin, spiramycin and the lincosamides but were sensitive to dalfopristin, an analogue of streptogramin B. Interestingly, the high-passage erythromycin-resistant strain B31 was resistant to quinupristin, an analogue of streptogramin A (25 mu g/mL). Biochemical analysis revealed that resistance was not due to antibiotic inactivation or energy-dependent efflux but was instead due to modification of ribosomes in these isolates. Interestingly, we were able to demonstrate high-frequency transfer of the resistance phenotype via conjugation from B. burgdorferi to Bacillus subtilis (10(-2)-10(-4)) or Enterococcus fiaecalis (10(-5)). An intergeneric conjugal system in B. burgdorferi suggests that horizontal gene transfer may play a role in its evolution and is a potential too] for developing new genetic systems to study the pathogenesis of Lyme disease. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Society of Chemotherapy. C1 [Boylan, Julie A.; Gherardini, Frank C.] NIAID, Rocky Mt Labs, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. [Jackson, Charlene R.; Frye, Jonathan G.] USDA, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, ARS, SAA,Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Gherardini, FC (reprint author), NIAID, Rocky Mt Labs, 903 S 4th St, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. EM fgherardini@niaid.nih.gov RI Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013 OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 AI000906-06, Z99 AI999999]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI33501] NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-8579 J9 INT J ANTIMICROB AG JI Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents PD DEC PY 2007 VL 30 IS 6 BP 496 EP 504 DI 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.07.013 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 242SE UT WOS:000251745200003 PM 17905571 ER PT J AU Nienaber, JA Hahn, GL AF Nienaber, J. A. Hahn, G. L. TI Livestock production system management responses to thermal challenges SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Review DE heat stress; proactive management; stressor mitigation; risk assessment; animal response ID HOLSTEIN DAIRY-COWS; HEAT-STRESS RELIEF; SPRINKLING CATTLE; RESPIRATION RATE; FEEDLOT CATTLE; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE AB The adaptive capabilities of animals and livestock production systems have been emphasized in this report. Biometeorology has a key role in rational management to meet the challenges of thermal environments. While the focus is primarily on cattle in warm or hot climates, the importance of dynamic animal responses to environmental challenges applies to all species and climates. Methods used to mitigate environmental challenges focus on heat loss/heat production balance. Under cold stress, reduction of heat loss is the key. Under heat stress, reduction of heat load or increasing heat loss are the primary management tools, although heat-tolerant animals are also available. In general, livestock with health problems and the most productive animals (e.g., highest growth rate or milk production) are at greatest risk of heat stress, thereby requiring the most attention. Risk management, by considering perceived thermal challenges, then assessing the potential consequences and acting accordingly, will reduce the impact of such challenges. Appropriate actions include: shade, sprinkling, air movement, or active cooling. Summarizing, the most important element of proactive environmental management to reduce risk is preparation: be informed, develop a strategic plan, observe and recognize animals in distress, and take appropriate tactical action. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Nienaber, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM nienaber@email.marc.usda.gov NR 56 TC 46 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7128 J9 INT J BIOMETEOROL JI Int. J. Biometeorol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 52 IS 2 BP 149 EP 157 DI 10.1007/s00484-007-0103-x PG 9 WC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology GA 234HS UT WOS:000251152300007 PM 17530301 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK AF Juneja, Vijay K. TI Thermal inactivation of Salmonella spp. in ground chicken breast or thigh meat SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella spp; chicken; heat; D-values; thermal inactivation; Z-values ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; HEAT-RESISTANCE; BEEF; CAMPYLOBACTER; SENFTENBERG; PREVALENCE; POULTRY; ENZYMES; TURKEY AB Thermal inactivation of a four-strain mixture of Salmonella spp. was determined in chicken breast and thigh meat. Inoculated meat was packaged in bags and then completely immersed in a circulating water bath and held at 55, 57.5, 60 and 62.5 degrees C for pre-determined lengths of time. When the surviving bacteria were enumerated on tryptic soya agar supplemented with 0.6% yeast extract and 1% pyruvate (non-selective medium), D-values (time to inactivate 90% of bacteria) in chicken breast meat were 6.08, 4.77, 3.00 and 0.66 min at 55, 57.5, 60 and 62.5 degrees C, respectively; the values in thigh meat ranged from 11.48 min at 55 degrees C to 0.84 min at 62.5 degrees C. As expected, the measured heat resistance was lower when the recovery medium was selective (xylose lysine deoxycholate agar). Thermal death time values from this study will assist food processors in designing the HACCP plans to effectively eliminate Salmonella spp. in cooked chicken breast and thigh meat. C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM vjuneja@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1443 EP 1448 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01362.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 239FL UT WOS:000251504100009 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DG Eller, FJ Radosavljevic, M Jane, JL Inglett, GE AF Stevenson, David G. Eller, Fred J. Radosavljevic, Milica Jane, Jay-lin Inglett, George E. TI Characterisation of oat bran products with and without supercritical carbon dioxide extraction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beta-glucan; hydrocolloid; lipid extraction; oat bran; physicochemical properties; starch ID AMYLOSE-LIPID COMPLEXES; BETA-GLUCAN; TEMPERATURE TREATMENT; OIL CONTENT; STARCH; GELATINIZATION; ANTIOXIDANT; PROFILE; GRAINS; WOMEN AB Morphology, starch structures and thermal and pasting properties of oat bran concentrate (OBC) and Nutrim-OB (NOB), a jet-cooked oat bran product, with or without supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCD) were studied. Oil composition was analysed. OBC had three thermal transitions, starch gelatinisation and two amylose-lipid complex transitions. NOB only had amorphous amylose-lipid transition. SCD significantly decreased gelatinisation temperatures of OBC. Pasting properties, showed NOB had significantly higher peak viscosity and breakdown, with significantly lower final viscosity, setback and pasting temperature compared with OBC. SCD increased peak viscosity for NOB and final viscosity for OBC. Thermogravimetric analysis showed NOB had higher water-holding capacity (WHC) than OBC, while SCD decreased WHC. Amylopectin molecular weight was 3.4 x 10(8) for OBC and was significantly lower for NOB (1.4 x 10(8)). Predominant fatty acids were oleic (41%), linoleic (38%) and palmitic (16%). Study showed NOB had different properties from OBC thereby expanding industrial applications. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops Prod Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Maize Res Inst, Res & Dev Div, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Stevenson, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM stevensond@ncaur.usda.gov NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1489 EP 1496 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 239FL UT WOS:000251504100015 ER PT J AU Yang, PF Zhang, RH MeGarvey, JA Benernann, JR AF Yang, Peifin Zhang, Ruihong MeGarvey, Jeffery A. Benernann, John R. TI Biohydrogen production from cheese processing wastewater by anaerobic fermentation using mixed microbial communities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE biohydrogen; anaerobic fermentation; cheese whey wastewater; pH control; Lactobacillus; VFA ID BIOLOGICAL HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; GRANULAR SLUDGE AB Hydrogen (H-2) production from simulated cheese processing wastewater via anaerobic fermentation was conducted using mixed microbial communities under mesophilic conditions. In batch H-2 fermentation experiments H-2 yields of 8 and 10mM/g COD fed were achieved at food-to-microorganism (F/M) ratios of 1.0 and 1.5, respectively. Butyric, acetic, propionic, and valeric acids were the major volatile fatty acids (VFA) produced in the fermentation process. Continuous H-2 fermentation experiments were also performed using a completely mixed reactor (CSTR). The pH of the bioreactor was controlled in a range of 4.0-5.0 by addition of carbonate in the feed material. Maximum H-2 yields were between 1.8 and 2.3 mM/g COD fed for the loading rates (LRs) tested with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 It. Occasionally CH4 was produced in the biogas with concurrent reductions in H2 production; however, continuous H-2 production was achieved for over 3 weeks at each LR. The 16S rDNA analysis of DNA extracted from the bioreactors during periods of high H-2 production revealed that more than 50% of the bacteria present were members of the genus Lactobacillus and about 5% were Clostridia. When H-2 production in the bioreactors decreased concurrent reductions in the genus Lactobacillus were also observed. Therefore, the microbial populations in the bioreactors were closely related to the conditions and performance of the bioreactors. (c) 2007 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Peifin] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Zhang, Ruihong] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [MeGarvey, Jeffery A.] USDA, ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Benernann, John R.] Benemann Associates, Walnut Creek, CA 94595 USA. RP Yang, PF (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM py27@msstate.edu NR 32 TC 111 Z9 115 U1 2 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 EI 1879-3487 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD DEC PY 2007 VL 32 IS 18 BP 4761 EP 4771 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.07.038 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 249VY UT WOS:000252259500019 ER PT J AU Gilhooly, CH Das, SK Golden, JK McCrory, MA Dallal, GE Saltzman, E Kramer, FM Roberts, SB AF Gilhooly, C. H. Das, S. K. Golden, J. K. McCrory, M. A. Dallal, G. E. Saltzman, E. Kramer, F. M. Roberts, S. B. TI Food cravings and energy regulation: the characteristics of craved foods and their relationship with eating behaviors and weight change during 6 months of dietary energy restriction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE food craving; weight loss; energy density; energy restriction ID HUMAN-BODY COMPOSITION; LOW-CALORIE DIET; HEALTHY WOMEN; ELDERLY ADULTS; YOUNG-WOMEN; APPETITE; RESTRAINT; HUNGER; REWARD; BRAIN AB Objective: To examine characteristics of craved foods in relation to dietary energy restriction ( ER) with high (HG) and low glycemic load (LG) diets. Design: Assessments of food cravings before and during a randomized controlled trial of HG and LG diets provided for 6 months. Subjects: Thirty-two healthy, overweight women aged 20-42 years. Measurements: Self-reported food cravings and dietary intake, body weight, weight history and measures of eating behaviors. Results: Foods craved at baseline were more than twice as high in energy density as the habitual diet (3.7 +/- 1.5 vs 1.7 +/- 0.3 kcal/g; P < 0.001), and on average were lower in protein (P < 0.001) and fiber (P < 0.001) and higher in fat (P=0.002). There were no statistically significant changes in nutritional characteristics of craved foods after 6 months of ER. There was a significant relationship between reported portion size of craved food consumed at baseline and lifetime high body mass index (r=0.49, P=0.005). Additionally, there was a significant association between susceptibility to hunger and craving frequency at baseline, and there were significant relationships between hunger score, craving frequency, strength and percentage of time that cravings are given in to after 6 months of ER. In multiple regression models, subjects who lost a greater percentage of weight craved higher energy-dense foods at month 6 of ER, but also reported giving in to food cravings less frequently (adjusted R-2 = 0.31, P=0.009). Conclusion: High energy density and fat content, and low protein and fiber contents were identifying characteristics of craved foods. The relationships between craving variables and hunger score suggest that the relative influence of hunger susceptibility on cravings may be important before and especially after ER. Portion size of craved foods and frequency of giving in to food cravings appear to be important areas for focus in lifestyle modification programs for long-term weight loss. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. US FDA, Silver Spring, MD USA. Bastyr Univ, Sch Nutr & Exercise Sci, Kenmore, WA USA. US Army Natick Soldier Ctr, Ctr Dev & Engn, Natick, MA USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Met Lab, Rm 1312, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM susan.roberts@tufts.edu RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015 FU NIA NIH HHS [U01-AG20480] NR 54 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 31 IS 12 BP 1849 EP 1858 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803672 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 234OK UT WOS:000251173200010 PM 17593902 ER PT J AU Montain, SJ Cheuvront, SN Lukaski, HC AF Montain, Scoft J. Cheuvront, Samuel N. Lukaski, Henry C. TI Sweat mineral-element responses during 7 h of exercise-heat stress SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE sodium; potassium; zinc; copper; magnesium; calcium ID WHOLE-BODY; LOSSES; CALCIUM; IRON; ACCLIMATIZATION; COLLECTION; HUMANS; PLASMA; MALES AB Context: Uncertainty exists regarding the effect of sustained sweating on sweat mineral-element composition. Purpose: To determine the effect of multiple hours of exercise-heat stress on sweat mineral concentrations. Methods: Seven heat-acclimated subjects (6 males, 1 female) completed 5 x 60 min of treadmill exercise (1.56 m/s, 2% grade) with 20 min rest between exercise periods in 2 weather conditions (27 degrees C, 40% relative humidity, 1 m/s and 35 degrees C, 30%, 1 m/s). Sweat was collected from a sweat-collection pouch attached to the upper back during exercise bouts 1, 3, and 5. Mineral elements were determined by using inductively coupled plasma-emission spectrography. Results: At 27 degrees C, sweat sodium (863 [563] mu g/mL; mean [SD]), potassium (222 [48] mu g/mL), calcium (16 [71] mu g/mL), magnesium (1265 [566] ng/mL), and copper (80 [56] ng/mL) remained similar to baseline over 7 h of exercise-heat stress, whereas sweat zinc declined 42-45% after the initial hour of exercise-heat stress (Ex1 = 655 [362], Ex3 = 382 [168], Ex5 = 355 [288] mu g/mL, P < 0.05). Similar outcomes were observed for sweat zinc at 35 degrees C when sweat rates were higher. Sweat rate had no effect on sweat trace-element composition. Conclusions: Sweat sodium, potassium, and calcium losses during multiple hours of sustained sweating can be predicted from initial sweat composition. Estimates of sweat zinc losses, however, will be overestimated if sweat zinc conservation is not accounted for in sweat zinc-loss estimates. C1 [Montain, Scoft J.; Cheuvront, Samuel N.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Lukaski, Henry C.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Montain, SJ (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 24 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 12 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1526-484X J9 INT J SPORT NUTR EXE JI Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 6 BP 574 EP 582 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences GA 240AP UT WOS:000251559700005 PM 18156662 ER PT J AU Labeda, DP Kroppenstedt, RM AF Labeda, D. P. Kroppenstedt, R. M. TI Proposal of Umezawaea gen. nov., a new genus of the Actinosynnemataceae related to Saccharothrix, and transfer of Saccharothrix tangerinus Kinoshita et al. 2000 as Umezawaea tangerina gen. nov., comb. nov. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC TREES; SEQUENCES AB In the course of phylogenetic analyses of the taxa within the suborder Pseudonocardineae, it was observed that Saccharothrix tangerinus MK27-91 F2(T) was misplaced in the genus Saccharothrix. After a detailed examination of nucleotide signatures in the 16S rRNA gene sequence along with the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of this strain, which are different from those of all species of Saccharothrix as well as the other genera within the suborder, it was concluded that this strain represents a new genus, for which the name Umezawaea gen. nov. is proposed. Pseudosporangia are produced on the aerial mycelium, the whole-cell sugar pattern consists of galactose, mannose and ribose, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine are the predominant phospholipids and MK-9(H-4) is the predominant menaquinone. The type species of the proposed new genus is Umezawaea tangerina gen. nov., comb. nov., with the type strain MK27-91 F2(T) (=NRRL B-24463(T) =DSM 44720(T) = FERM P-16053(T) = jCM 10302(T) = NBRC 16184(T)). C1 [Labeda, D. P.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Kroppenstedt, R. M.] Deutsch Sammlung Mikroorganism Zellkultur GmbH, German Collect Microorganisms & Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany. RP Labeda, DP (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM david.labeda@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 57 BP 2758 EP 2761 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.64985-0 PN 12 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 245YX UT WOS:000251975800006 PM 18048721 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G Monge, A Montes, B Stewart, D AF Eggleston, Gillian Monge, Adrian Montes, Belisario Stewart, David TI Factory trials to optimize the application of dextranase in raw sugar manufacture: Part II SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DETERIORATION AB Application of commercial dextranase to hydrolyze dextran in U.S. sugar manufacture is still not optimized, partly because of confusion about which enzyme to use, and how and where to add the enzyme. This Part 11 of a 2004 dextranase study reports optimization trials at a factory that applied dextranase to a 17 min retention time incubation tank. Working solutions of "concentrated" dextranase in water were required to improve contact between the enzyme and substrate (dextranase/dextran) and are more cost-effective than adding "non-concentrated" dextranase undiluted. The factory had relatively low levels of antibody dextran (< 300 ppm/degrees Brix) compared to those at the factory reported in Part I of this study (Eggleston et al, 2006). The application of dextranases was more problematic because of lower contact between dextranase and dextran. Addition of a 5-fold working solution (5 ppm; normalized to the original enzyme activity) of "concentrated" dextranase (50,500 DU/ml) hydrolyzed similar to 43% antibody dextran. Filtrate juice from the mud tank contained dextran often at higher levels than in juice where dextranase was applied. Factories should ensure filtrate is recirculated back to the juice before or where they apply dextranase, to maximize the use of dextranase. Differences in dextran hydrolysis were compared using both antibody and Haze methods: The Haze method underestimated hydrolysis compared to the antibody method. As dextranase application did not always alleviate all processing problems in factory boiling houses, because lower molecular weight dextrans and other major Leuconostoc mesenteroides deterioration products such as mannitol still exist which detrimentally affect processing, it can only be regarded as a secondary tool. It does not replace the primary tool of prevention of dextran formation by good cane management in the field, factory yard and mills. C1 [Eggleston, Gillian] USDA ARS, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Monge, Adrian] Cora Texas Mfg Co, White Castle, LA 70788 USA. [Montes, Belisario; Stewart, David] Alma Factory Plantat LLC, Lakeland, LA 70752 USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM gillian@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 109 IS 1308 BP 757 EP + PG 7 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 242KA UT WOS:000251722800004 ER PT J AU Madramootoo, CA Johnston, WR Ayars, JE Evans, RO Fausey, NR AF Madramootoo, Chandra A. Johnston, William R. Ayars, James E. Evans, Robert O. Fausey, Norman R. TI Agricultural drainage management, quality and disposal issues in North America SO IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE LA English DT Article DE agricultural drainage; management; quality; disposal; North America ID WATER-TABLE MANAGEMENT; SUBIRRIGATION; SYSTEMS; YIELDS; CORN AB The North American continent, comprising Canada and the United States of America, has a wide range of climatic, soils and cropping conditions. Surface and subsurface drainage is required to remove excess soil water in the wetter regions of the continent, as well as to maintain a favorable salt and water balance in the crop root zone in the drier irrigated regions. Drainage and water table management practices are essential for the production of food and fiber. However, these practices may sometimes cause third-party impacts, which are largely of a water quality nature. Drainage practices have therefore evolved from removal of water for increased crop productivity, to a method of environmental control. Consequently, much effort over recent years has been in designing and installing drainage systems, which have multiple objectives. A very recent notable institutional development is the formation of the Agricultural Drainage Management Systems (ADMS) Coalition, comprised of farmers, drainage contractors and the drainage industry, government advisors, and water management and agricultural specialists, to promote research, education and adoption of drainage water management as a practice that can reduce the delivery of pollutants to streams. This paper describes the need, extent and status of drainage in North America, including water quality issues, drainage water management and disposal problems. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Madramootoo, Chandra A.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. [Ayars, James E.] USDA ARS, Water Management Lab, Parlier, CA USA. [Evans, Robert O.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fausey, Norman R.] USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. RP Madramootoo, CA (reprint author), McGill Univ, Ste Anne De Bellevue, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. EM chandra.madramootoo@mcgill.ca NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1531-0353 J9 IRRIG DRAIN JI Irrig. Drain. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 56 SU 1 BP S35 EP S45 DI 10.1002/ird.343 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 260YW UT WOS:000253047300004 ER PT J AU Broz, AK Manter, DK Vivanco, JM AF Broz, Amanda K. Manter, Daniel K. Vivanco, Jorge M. TI Soil fungal abundance and diversity: another victim of the invasive plant Centaurea maculosa SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ecology; length heterogeneity; microbial community; rhizosphere; qPCR; weed ID COMMUNITIES; BIOTA; GRADIENT AB Interactions between plants and soil microbes are important determinants of both above- and belowground community composition, and ultimately ecosystem function. As exotic plants continue to invade and modify native plant communities, there has been increasing interest in determining the influence of exotic invasives on native soil microbial communities. Here, using highly sensitive molecular techniques, we examine fungal abundance and diversity in the soil surrounding a particularly aggressive invasive plant species in North America, Centaurea maculosa Lam. In mixed stands, we show that this invasive weed can alter the native fungal community composition within its own rhizosphere and that of neighboring native plants. At higher densities, the effect of C. maculosa on native soil fungal communities was even greater. Our results demonstrate that this invasive weed can have significant effects not only on visible aboveground biodiversity but also on the native soil microbial community that extends beyond its rhizosphere. C1 [Broz, Amanda K.; Vivanco, Jorge M.] Colorado State Univ, Ctr Rhizosphere Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Manter, Daniel K.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Vivanco, JM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ctr Rhizosphere Biol, 1173 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM J.Vivanco@colostate.edu NR 14 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 6 U2 30 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 1 IS 8 BP 763 EP 765 DI 10.1038/ismej.2007.81 PG 3 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 245PC UT WOS:000251946500009 PM 18059499 ER PT J AU Mishra, AK Erickson, KW AF Mishra, Ashok K. Erickson, Kenneth W. TI Farm household wealth: A farm-level time-series and cross-sectional analysis SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mishra, Ashok K.] Latvian State Univ, Riga, Latvia. [Erickson, Kenneth W.] USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RI Gerhards, Guntis/D-5197-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O DEEVON BAILEY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, 3535 OLD MAIN HILL, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 563 EP 563 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 241UA UT WOS:000251680100039 ER PT J AU Loomis, JB Gonzalez, JM Gonzalez-Caban, A AF Loomis, John B. Gonzalez, Juan Marcos Gonzalez-Caban, Armando TI Spatial limits of the travel cost model revisited: Island effects SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Loomis, John B.; Gonzalez, Juan Marcos] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gonzalez-Caban, Armando] USDA, Forest Serv, Riverside, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O DEEVON BAILEY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, 3535 OLD MAIN HILL, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 564 EP 564 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 241UA UT WOS:000251680100044 ER PT J AU Fathelrahman, E Hoag, D Davies, S AF Fathelrahman, Eihab Hoag, Dana Davies, Stephen TI The impact of research returns across time and space: A computable general equilibrium study of cattle research in Colorado SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fathelrahman, Eihab] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Hoag, Dana; Davies, Stephen] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O DEEVON BAILEY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, 3535 OLD MAIN HILL, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 565 EP 566 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 241UA UT WOS:000251680100050 ER PT J AU Vedenov, DV Duffield, JA Wetzstein, ME AF Vedenov, Dmitry V. Duffield, Jamesa A. Wetzstein, Michaele E. TI Distinguished scholar of the WAEA - Steven C. Blank SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Vedenov, Dmitry V.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Duffield, Jamesa A.] USDA, Off Energy & New Uses, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Vedenov, DV (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O DEEVON BAILEY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, 3535 OLD MAIN HILL, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 579 EP 580 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 241UA UT WOS:000251680100067 ER PT J AU Brunelle, BW Hamir, AN Baron, T Biacabe, AG Richt, JA Kunkle, RA Cutlip, RC Miller, JM Nicholson, EM AF Brunelle, B. W. Hamir, A. N. Baron, T. Biacabe, A. G. Richt, J. A. Kunkle, R. A. Cutlip, R. C. Miller, J. M. Nicholson, E. M. TI Polymorphisms of the prion gene promoter region that influence classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy susceptibility are not applicable to other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atypical; bovine spongiform encephalopathy; genotype; prion ID WASTING DISEASE AGENT; INTRACEREBRAL INOCULATION; BSE; PRNP; SCRAPIE; IDENTIFICATION; VARIANTS; SEQUENCE; ORIGIN; STRAIN AB Two regulatory region polymorphisms in the prion gene of cattle have been reported to have an association with resistance to classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). However, it is not known if this association also applies to other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) in cattle. In this report, we compare the relationship between these 2 polymorphisms and resistance in cattle affected with naturally occurring atypical BSE as well as in cattle experimentally inoculated with either scrapie, chronic wasting disease, or transmissible mink encephalopathy. Our analysis revealed no association between genotype and resistance to atypical BSE or experimentally inoculated TSE. This indicates the promoter polymorphism correlation is specific to classical BSE and that atypical BSE and experimentally inoculated TSE are bypassing the site of influence of the polymorphisms. This genetic discrepancy demonstrates that atypical BSE progresses differently in the host relative to classical BSE. These results are consistent with the notion that atypical BSE originates spontaneously in cattle. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Agcy Francaise Secur Sanitaire Aliments, Unite ATNC, Lyon, France. RP Nicholson, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM eric.nicholson@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 85 IS 12 BP 3142 EP 3147 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0208 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 234AA UT WOS:000251131800004 PM 17709775 ER PT J AU Echternkamp, SE Cushman, RA Allan, MF Thallman, RM Gregory, KE AF Echternkamp, S. E. Cushman, R. A. Allan, M. F. Thallman, R. M. Gregory, K. E. TI Effects of ovulation rate and fetal number on fertility in twin-producing cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; fertility; fetal development; ovulation rate; twins; uterine capacity ID BEEF-CATTLE; PUBERAL HEIFERS; EMBRYO-TRANSFER; COWS; INDUCTION; SURVIVAL; DYSTOCIA; TRAITS; BIRTHS; MODEL AB Effects of ovulation rate and of fetal number and distribution within the uterus on pregnancy rate and fetal survival were evaluated in nulliparous (n = 1,331) and parous (n = 3,517) cattle selected for twinning. Cattle were divided into a spring (70 d) and fall (60 d) breeding season and bred by a combination of AI and natural service. Ovulation rate, pregnancy status, and fetal number and distribution were determined by transrectal, real-time ultrasonography of the uterus and both ovaries at the end of the breeding season. Pregnancy was reconfirmed by rectal palpation at 75 to 135 d of gestation. For heifers and cows combined, ovulation rate increased (P < 0.01) from 1.46 +/- 0.4 in 1994 to 1.89 +/- 0.4 in 2004; number of calves per parturition increased (P < 0.01) from 1.34 +/- 0.3 to 1.56 +/- 0.3, respectively, which included an increase in triplet and quadruplet ovulations and triplet births. Bilateral twin ovulations yielded proportionately more (P < 0.01) twin births than unilateral twin ovulations. Ovulation rate was greater (P < 0.01) in the fall than spring breeding season. Pregnancy rate at ultrasound diagnosis did not differ among females with 1, 2, or 3 ovulations (89.1 +/- 0.7, 91.2 +/- 0.7, or 91.5 +/- 2.8%, respectively), but rates at calving decreased (P < 0.01) with increasing ovulation rate (85.1 +/- 0.6, 82.7 +/- 0.6, or 64.2 +/- 2.7%, respectively). Pregnancy rate was less (P < 0.01) after twin or triplet births than single births. For dams birthing twins or triplets, pregnancy rate was less in the fall vs. spring, but rates were similar between seasons for dams with a single birth (type of birth x season, P < 0.05). Cows :5 50 d postpartum had a decreased (P < 0.01) pregnancy rate compared with cows > 60 d, regardless of type of birth. Maintenance of pregnancy to term differed (P < 0.01) among females diagnosed with 1, 2, or 3 fetuses (95.7 +/- 0.6, 87.8 +/- 0.8, and 54.9 +/- 2.3%, respectively). The reduced survival of twin and triplet fetuses in heifers had occurred (P < 0.01) by d 75 to 135 of gestation, and fetal losses were greater (P < 0.01) for unilateral than bilateral twins or triplets, whereas loss of twin or triplet fetuses in cows occurred later in gestation, and losses were not affected by uterine location. Thus, increased calf production from selecting for increased ovulation rate in beef cattle is tempered by increased fetal mortality, partially associated with the crowding of 2 or 3 fetuses within 1 uterine horn, especially in heifers. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Echternkamp, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Sherrill.Echternkamp@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 85 IS 12 BP 3228 EP 3238 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0209 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 234AA UT WOS:000251131800013 PM 17591705 ER PT J AU Echternkamp, SE Thallman, RM Cushman, RA Allan, MF Gregory, KE AF Echternkamp, S. E. Thallman, R. M. Cushman, R. A. Allan, M. F. Gregory, K. E. TI Increased calf production in cattle selected for twin ovulations SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calf birth and weaning weight; cattle; fetal development; sex ratio; survival; twins ID PUBERAL HEIFERS; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; TRAITS; COWS; GESTATION; SURVIVAL; DYSTOCIA; GROWTH; LENGTH; SINGLE AB The effects of increasing fetal numbers and their distribution between the left and right uterine horns on calf survival, calf BW at birth and weaning, gestation length, dystocia, and calf sex ratio were evaluated for single (n = 1,587), twin (n = 2,440), and triplet calves (n = 147) born to primiparous and multiparous females in the Twinner population at the US Meat Animal Research Center between 1994 and 2004. Cattle were distributed equally between the spring and fall breeding seasons. Fetal number and distribution in utero were determined by real-time ultrasonography at 40 to 70 d postbreeding. For cows and heifers combined, number of calves per parturition increased from 1.34 in 1994 to 1.56 in 2004. Gestation length was 6.8 d shorter (P < 0.01) for twins compared with singles (277.5 +/- 0.2 vs. 284.3 +/- 0.2 d) and 12.7 d shorter for triplets (271.6 +/- 0.8 d). Survival and BW of individual calves at birth decreased (P < 0.01) but total calf BW per dam increased (P < 0.01) as fetal number increased from single to triplet births. Twins resulting from bilateral twin ovulations had increased (P < 0.01) survival and BW at birth, a longer (P < 0.01) gestation length, and less (P < 0.01) dystocia than twins resulting from unilateral twin ovulations. Calf survival and BW at birth were 97.2 +/- 0.3% and 48.0 +/- 0.1 kg for singles, 92.0 +/- 0.4% and 39.0 +/- 0.2 kg for bilateral twins, 83.2 +/- 0.4% and 36.7 +/- 0.2 kg for unilateral twins, 73.8 +/- 1.4% and 30.6 +/- 0.7 kg for bilateral triplets, and 51.9 +/- 3.2% and 31.7 +/- 1.6 kg for unilateral triplets. Birth weight of single calves increased by 0.51 kg/d for each additional day of gestation length vs. 0.38 kg/d for individual twins. Calf BW at birth increased (P < 0.01) with age of dam from 2 to 4 yr. Twin and triplet births had a greater (P < 0.01) incidence of dystocia than single births. The ratio of male:female calves (0.52:0.48) at birth was not affected by type of birth. Postnatal calf survival was similar for all 3 types of birth. Total progeny BW at weaning for single, twin, and triplet births was 217.7 +/- 2.5, 328.3 +/- 3.2, and 378.4 +/- 15.0 kg, respectively (P < 0.01). Although most bovine females have the uterine capacity to gestate twin calves, decreased survival and BW of unilateral twins and of all triplets indicate that their growth and development may have been compromised by uterine crowding. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Echternkamp, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Sherrill.Echternkamp@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 85 IS 12 BP 3239 EP 3248 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0210 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 234AA UT WOS:000251131800014 PM 17686895 ER PT J AU Vallet, JL Freking, BA AF Vallet, J. L. Freking, B. A. TI Differences in placental structure during gestation associated with large and small pig fetuses SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fetus; pregnancy; trophoblast ID UTERINE CAPACITY; CONCEPTUS DEVELOPMENT; OVULATION RATE; FETAL FLUIDS; SWINE; SELECTION; GROWTH; EFFICIENCY; PREGNANCY; TRANSPORT AB The efficiency of nutrient transport from the pregnant female pig to the developing fetus depends on the size and function of the placenta. It has been reported that maternal and fetal blood vessels are arranged in a cross-countercurrent arrangement within placental microscopic folds. Thus, the blood supplies are in close apposition to each other within these microscopic folds, and maternal and fetal blood flows in approximately opposite directions perpendicular to the plane of the placenta. This arrangement indicates that the width of the microscopic folds influences placental efficiency. The objective of this study was to determine whether differences in pig placental microscopic fold development are associated with differences in fetal size or are influenced by selection for ovulation rate or uterine capacity. Gilts from a randomly selected control line, a line selected for ovulation rate, and a line selected for uterine capacity were slaughtered, and uterine wall samples were collected within the placentas associated with the largest and smallest fetuses in each litter on d 45, 65, 85, and 105 of gestation. The uterine wall samples were processed for histology and analyzed using computer-assisted morphometry. Average width of the placental folds and average width of the placental stroma above the folds were measured. To measure fold complexity, the length of the epithelial bilayer for a given length of placenta was also measured. The width of the folded bilayer increased significantly from d 65 to 105 and was greater in placentas associated with small fetuses compared with large fetuses on d 105 of gestation. In contrast, the width of the placental stroma above the folded bilayer decreased with gestation and decreased more rapidly in placenta associated with the smallest compared with the largest fetus. These results indicate that the width of the microscopic folds of the placental trophoblast/endometrial epithelial bilayer is increased in placenta associated with small fetuses, which we hypothesize will increase the surface area for interaction between maternal and fetal blood supplies, thus improving placental efficiency in response to reduced placental size. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Vallet, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM jeff.vallet@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 85 IS 12 BP 3267 EP 3275 DI 10.2527/jas.2007-0368 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 234AA UT WOS:000251131800017 PM 17709791 ER PT J AU Thelen, TM Loest, CA Taylor, JB Wang, S Lewis, GS AF Thelen, T. M. Loest, C. A. Taylor, J. B. Wang, S. Lewis, G. S. TI Intrauterine bacterial inoculation and level of dietary methionine alter amino acid metabolism in nulliparous yearling ewes SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE methionine; amino acid; sepsis; sheep; uterine infection ID INFECTIOUS BACTERIA; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; UTERINE RESPONSE; RUMEN MICROORGANISMS; POSTPARTUM EWES; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; ACUTE-PHASE; SHEEP; PROSTAGLANDIN-F2-ALPHA; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Using an intrauterine bacterial inoculation method, our objective was to determine the effects of acute sepsis and level of dietary metabolizable Met (MM) on splanchnic metabolism of AA in ewes. Twenty-four nulliparous yearling Rambouillet-cross ewes (initial BW = 65.1 +/- 0.6 kg), surgically fitted with chronic-indwelling catheters in hepatic and portal veins, a mesenteric vein and artery, and the uterine lumen, were assigned to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors were intrauterine bacterial inoculation (noninoculated vs. inoculated) and level of MM [low (2.28 g/d) vs. high (3.91 g/d)]. Beginning 12 h before sampling, inoculated and noninoculated ewes received 10-mL intrauterine infusions of Escherichia coli (9.69 x 10(11) cfu) + Arcanobacterium pyogenes (2.76 x 10(12) cfu) and of sterile saline, respectively. Uterine infection was induced in ewes that received intrauterine bacterial inoculations, but not in ewes infused with sterile saline. Bacterial inoculation resulted in increased hepatic release and plasma concentrations of aromatic AA used for acute-phase protein synthesis, increased hepatic removal and decreased plasma concentrations of AA used for glutathione synthesis, and decreased plasma concentrations of some gluconeogenic and acetogenic AA used for glucose recycling and anaerobic energy production, respectively (P < 0.05). In ewes fed high-MM diets, compared with low-MM diets, a consistent net hepatic uptake of Phe occurred throughout the sampling period, more Asp was released from the portal-drained viscera, and hepatic vein glucose concentrations were greater (P < 0.05). We conclude that Met seemed to be limiting in low-MM ewes, and as such, would continue to be limiting during sepsis. However, additional MM, in excess of the dietary requirement, would not necessarily result in a benefit to ewes experiencing acute sepsis. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA, ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Taylor, JB (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM btaylor@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 85 IS 12 BP 3371 EP 3382 DI 10.2527/jas.2006-851 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 234AA UT WOS:000251131800029 PM 17785602 ER PT J AU Hausman, J Leibtag, E AF Hausman, Jerry Leibtag, Ephraim TI Consumer benefits from increased competition in shopping outlets: Measuring the effect of Wal-Mart SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMETRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th European Conference of the Econometrics Community CY DEC 16-18, 2004 CL Marseille, FRANCE AB Non-traditional retail outlets, including supercenters, warehouse club stores, and mass merchandisers, have nearly doubled their share of consumer food-at-home expenditures in the U.S. from 1998 to 2003. Wal-Mart supercenters have had the biggest impact on food retailing as they compete most closely with traditional supermarkets and offer many identical food items at an average price about 15%-25% lower than traditional supermarkets. We consider consumer benefits from this market share growth and estimate the effect on consumer welfare of entry and expansion into new geographic markets. We calculate the compensating variation that arises from both the direct variety effect of the entry of supercenters and the indirect price effect that arises from the increased competition that supercenters create and find the average effect of the total compensating variation to be 25% of food expenditures. Since we find that lower income households tend to shop more at these lower priced outlets, a significant decrease in consumer surplus arises from restricting entry and expansion of supercenters into new geographic markets. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Hausman, Jerry] MIT, Dept Econ, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Leibtag, Ephraim] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Hausman, J (reprint author), MIT, Dept Econ, 50 Mem Dr, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. EM jhausman@mit.edu NR 20 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0883-7252 J9 J APPL ECONOMET JI J. Appl. Econom. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1157 EP 1177 DI 10.1002/jae.994 PG 21 WC Economics; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 252NR UT WOS:000252453700002 ER PT J AU Durso, LM Keen, JE AF Durso, L. M. Keen, J. E. TI Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 and non-Shiga-toxigenic E-coli O157 respond differently to culture and isolation from naturally contaminated bovine faeces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE E. coli O157; bovine; faeces; Shiga-toxin; immunomagnetic separation; non-STEC ID AUTOMATED IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAYS; GROUND-BEEF; TOXIN GENES; PREVALENCE; STRAINS; SENSITIVITY; INFECTIONS; LIVESTOCK; IMPACT AB Aim: To quantify the effect of enrichment, immunomagnetic separation (IMS), and selective plating procedures on isolation of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 (STEC O157) and non-Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 (non-STEC O157) from naturally contaminated bovine faeces. Methods and Results: Two broth enrichment times, two IMS strategies, and two selective plating media were evaluated. STEC O157 and non-STEC O157 strains were often isolated from the same faecal specimen and responded differently to the isolation protocols. A large-volume IMS system was more sensitive than a conventional small-volume IMS method, but was also more expensive. STEC O157 was more frequently isolated from 6 h enriched broth and ChromAgar plates containing 0.63 mg l(-1) potassium tellurite (TCA). Non-STEC O157 was more frequently isolated from un-enriched broth and ChromAgar plates without tellurite (CA). Conclusions: The combination of 6-h enrichment in Gram-negative broth containing vancomycin, cefixime and cefsuludin, large volume IMS and selective plating on TCA maximized STEC O157 recovery from naturally contaminated cattle faecal specimens. Significance and Impact of the Study: The pairing of proper enrichment with a specific plating procedure is key for STEC O157 recovery from naturally contaminated bovine faeces. Incorporating tellurite into an E. coli O157 detection strategy may select for the subset of E. coli O157 that contains the Shiga-toxin genes. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Durso, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM lisa.durso@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 103 IS 6 BP 2457 EP 2464 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03473.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 235RE UT WOS:000251251200048 PM 18045431 ER PT J AU Cox, NA Richardson, LJ Buhr, RJ Northcutt, JK Bailey, JS Cray, PF Hiett, KL AF Cox, N. A. Richardson, L. J. Buhr, R. J. Northcutt, J. K. Bailey, J. S. Cray, P. F. Hiett, K. L. TI Recovery of Campylobacter and Salmonella serovars from the spleen, liver and gallbladder, and ceca of six- and eight-week-old commercial broilers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; broiler; thymus; spleen; liver and gallbladder; ceca ID CROSS-CONTAMINATION; BREEDER HENS; JEJUNI; CHICKENS; KITCHEN; POULTRY; ORGANS AB Previous studies have demonstrated that when Campylobacter or Salmonella were either orally or intracloacally inoculated into day-old broiler chicks, within 1 h, these bacteria moved rapidly to the lymphoid organs. These bacteria were still present 1 wk after inoculation. Two different market-age (6 and 8 wk old) broilers were obtained from 2 commercial poultry operations and brought to the laboratory for analysis. Necropsy was limited to the removal of the spleen, liver and gallbladder (L-GB), and ceca using aseptic techniques. To reduce the possibility of cross-contamination between samples, the spleen and L-GB were aseptically removed before the ceca. Samples were individually bagged, and standard laboratory procedures for Campylobacter and Salmonella were carried out for all samples. Fifty-two 6-wk-old broilers were analyzed, and Campylobacter were found in 19 of 52 L-GB, 19 of 52 spleens, and 26 of 52 ceca. Salmonella were found in 5 of 52 L-GB, 8 of 52 spleen, and 4 of 52 ceca. Eighty 8-wk-old broilers were analyzed, and Campylobacter were found in 3 of 80 L-GB, 5 of 80 spleens, and 19 of 80 ceca. Salmonella were found in 41 of 80 L-GB, 38 of 80 spleens, and 52 of 80 ceca. The internal organs of the younger birds were more heavily contaminated with Campylobacter, whereas Salmonella was the predominant organism isolated in the older birds. All Campylobacter isolates were found to be Campylobacter jejuni. The predominant Salmonella serotype was Salmonella Typhimurium; however, 7 other serotypes were found. Overall, C. jejuni was found in 22 of 132 L-GB, 24 of 132 spleen, and 45 of 132 ceca, whereas Salmonella serovars were isolated from 46 of 132 L-GB, 46 of 132 spleen, and 56 of 132 ceca. There is no doubt that these bacteria are naturally present in these organs. The significance of these reservoirs in the internal organs of commercial broilers is yet to be determined but could play a role in the microbiology of the intestinal tract and hence the final food product. C1 [Cox, N. A.; Richardson, L. J.; Buhr, R. J.; Hiett, K. L.] USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Northcutt, J. K.] USDA ARS, Poultry Proc & Swine Physiol Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Bailey, J. S.; Cray, P. F.] USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Cox, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ncox@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 477 EP 480 DI 10.3382/japr.2006-00123 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 257PL UT WOS:000252810900001 ER PT J AU Purswell, JL Thaxton, JP Branton, SL AF Purswell, J. L. Thaxton, J. P. Branton, S. L. TI Identifying process variables for a low atmospheric pressure stunning-killing system SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler; gas stunning; slaughter ID SOMATOSENSORY-EVOKED-POTENTIALS; DIFFERENT GAS-MIXTURES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SPONTANEOUS ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; BROILER-CHICKENS; ARGON; POULTRY; HENS; SLAUGHTER AB Current systems for preslaughter gas stunning and killing of broilers use process gases such as CO2, N-2, Ar, or a mixture of these gases with air or O-2. These systems, known as controlled-atmosphere stunning-killing systems, work by displacing O-2, ultimately to induce hypoxia in the bird, leading to unconsciousness and death. In this study, mechanical removal of O-2 by rapidly reducing air pressure was investigated as an alternative to controlled-atmosphere stunning-killing systems. Low atmospheric pressure systems could offer advantages in worker safety and operational gas cost because they operate solely with atmospheric air. This study comprised 2 experiments, one to define the initial range of effective pressures, and the second to determine a recommended process pressure. In experiment 1, 48 female broilers, aged 63 d, were subjected to 6 different pressure treatments, ranging from 70.9 to 17.8 kPa. In experiment 2, 56 male broilers, aged 60 d, were subjected to 7 different pressure treatments, ranging from 35.3 to 17.8 kPa. Birds were individually placed in an airtight vessel and exposed to a pressure treatment for 2 min after the final pressure was attained. Results from experiment 1 showed that the effective range of pressure was between 29.5 and 17.8 kPa, with only 25% of the birds exposed to 29.5 kPa surviving and none of the birds exposed to 17.8 kPa surviving. Experiment 2 used a finer resolution of pressure increments, and the estimated pressure level lethal for 99.99% of the birds was determined to be 19.4 kPa. C1 [Purswell, J. L.; Branton, S. L.] Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Thaxton, J. P.] Mississippi State Univ, Poultry Sci Dept, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Purswell, JL (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jpurswell@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 509 EP 513 DI 10.3382/japr.2007-00026 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 257PL UT WOS:000252810900005 ER PT J AU Roush, WB Purswell, J Branton, SL AF Roush, W. B. Purswell, J. Branton, S. L. TI An adjustable nutrient margin of safety comparison using linear and stochastic programming in an Excel spreadsheet SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE linear program; stochastic program; margin of safety; diet formulation ID FEED FORMULATION; RATIONS AB A stochastic-linear program Excel workbook was developed that consisted of 2 worksheets illustrating linear and stochastic program approaches. Both approaches used the Excel Solver add-in. A published linear program problem served as an example for the ingredients, nutrients, and costs and as a benchmark in the development of the linear and stochastic programs. Standard deviations for ME and nutrients were taken or calculated from CV, and from a commercial publication of sources for amino acids. The Excel spreadsheet was set up so that the calculated margin of safety (MOS) value, according to the requested probability, was the same for both the linear and stochastic programs. As an example, the probability for meeting the nutrient value for protein was compared at 50% (MOS = 0) and 69% (MOS = 0.5) by using both linear and stochastic programming. Spreadsheet results illustrated the flexibility, accuracy, and precision of the stochastic program over the linear program in meeting the requested nutrient probability. C1 [Roush, W. B.; Purswell, J.; Branton, S. L.] Mississippi State Univ, USDA, ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Roush, WB (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, USDA, ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM BRoush@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 514 EP 520 DI 10.3382/japr.2007-00033 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 257PL UT WOS:000252810900006 ER PT J AU Huezo, R Northcutt, JK Smith, DP Fletchero, DL AF Huezo, R. Northcutt, J. K. Smith, D. P. Fletchero, D. L. TI Effect of chilling method and deboning time on broiler breast fillet quality SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE poultry; immersion chilling; air chilling; aging time; poultry meat color; tenderness ID RIGOR-MORTIS DEVELOPMENT; POSTMORTEM ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; MEAT TENDERNESS; PECTORALIS-MUSCLE; CHICKEN BREAST; POULTRY MEAT; PH DECLINE; SHEAR VALUES; TEMPERATURE; COLOR AB A study was conducted to determine the effects of chilling method and postmortem aging time on broiler breast fillet quality. One hundred fifty eviscerated broiler carcasses were removed from a commercial processing line before chilling and transported to the laboratory. Half of the carcasses were chilled by dry air, whereas the other half were chilled by water immersion. Immersion-chilled (IC) carcasses were divided into 3 groups (0, 1.67, and 24 h) based on postchill fillet aging time on the carcass. Air-chilled (AC) carcasses were divided into 2 groups based on fillet aging time (0 and 24 h postchill). Because AC requires more time to reach the same temperature, fillets removed immediately after chilling (0 h) were the same postmortem age as the 1.67 h IC fillets. Average pH values of IC and AC fillets were similar when fillets were aged for the same length of time postmortem. Method of chilling had no effect on raw breast fillet color; however, postmortem aging time had a slight but significant effect on fillet lightness. Shear values of IC fillets removed 0 and 1.67 h after chilling were similar and corresponded to sensory panel categories of slightly tough to tough (> 8 kg/g). Shear values of AC fillets deboned at 0 h (8.4 kg/g) were slightly lower but not significantly different than the shear values for IC fillets (10.3 kg/g) aged for the same length of time (1.67 h). After 24 h of aging, shear values for IC and AC fillets were < 8 kg/g and corresponded to sensory panel categories of tender to very tender. Cook yield (%) of AC fillets was significantly higher than cook yield (%) of IC fillets for all deboning times. Results show that air chilling has an accelerating effect on rigor mortis onset, but postchill aging time is required to maximize the proportion of tender meat. C1 [Northcutt, J. K.; Smith, D. P.] USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Huezo, R.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Fletchero, D. L.] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Northcutt, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM julie.northcutt@ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 537 EP 545 DI 10.3382/japr.2006-00121 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 257PL UT WOS:000252810900009 ER PT J AU Corzo, A Kidd, MT Dozier, WA Vieira, SL AF Corzo, A. Kidd, M. T. Dozier, W. A., III Vieira, S. L. TI Marginality and needs of dietary valine for broilers fed certain all-vegetable diets SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE breast meat yield; broiler; lysine; valine ID MUSCLE PROTEIN-TURNOVER; AMINO-ACIDS; SOYBEAN-MEAL; LYSINE; CHICKS; CORN; THREONINE; GROWTH; AGE AB Valine is likely the fourth limiting amino acid in most diets based on corn and soybean meal (C/SBM). However, the exact needs for Val are not well known, and information regarding it is sparse. A series of studies was conducted to validate the limitation of Val in all-vegetable diets fed to broilers, and subsequently to quantify an adequate ratio to Lys in high-yield late-developing broilers ( Ross x Ross 708) from 21 to 42 d. A preliminary study was designed to evaluate the supplementation of different amino acids likely to be fourth limiting on a C/SBM-based diet, where Lys, TSAA, and Thr were supplemented but no other critical amino acids were given minimums in the formulation. Results obtained for BW gain, abdominal fat weight, and abdominal fat percentage showed that birds were more responsive ( P < 0.05) to L-Val supplementation. A follow-up study using a corn-peanut meal (C/PM)-based diet formulated to be deficient in Val validated ( P < 0.05) a Val deficiency based on poor growth performance and resulted in an immediate return to good performance when this amino acid was supplemented. Furthermore, the C/PM diet was compared with a nutritionally similar C/SBM diet, and no difference was observed in the performance of broilers fed these diets, thus validating the ability of the C/PM-based diet to support adequate growth of these broilers. This C/PM-based diet was used to feed gradual concentrations of Val, from levels that would be considered deficient (0.59% digestible) up to adequate (0.84% digestible Val). Results indicate that a ratio of Val to Lys of 78, or a minimum dietary value of 0.74% digestible Val (0.82% total Val), should be adequate for this high-yield broiler grown from 21 to 42 d of age. C1 [Corzo, A.; Kidd, M. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Dozier, W. A., III] USDA, ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Vieira, S. L.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Anim Sci, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. RP Corzo, A (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM acorzo@poultry.msstate.edu NR 16 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 546 EP 554 DI 10.3382/japr.2007-00025 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 257PL UT WOS:000252810900010 ER PT J AU Corzo, A Kidd, MT Dozier, WA Pharr, GT Koutsos, EA AF Corzo, A. Kidd, M. T. Dozier, W. A., III Pharr, G. T. Koutsos, E. A. TI Dietary threonine needs for growth and immunity of broilers raised under different litter conditions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE breast meat yield; broiler; immunity; litter; threonine ID AMINO-ACIDS; FINISHING BROILERS; MUCIN SYNTHESIS; RESPONSES; CHICKENS; STRESS; RATS; REQUIREMENT; STRAINS; AGE AB Two studies were conducted simultaneously and evaluated the Thr needs of male Ross x Ross 708 broilers. Broilers in the 2 studies were reared under 2 litter conditions: new (NL) vs. used built-up soft wood shavings (BL). Separated by a center aisle, all floor pens from 1 side of the close-sided house contained NL, whereas the opposite side contained BL. Broilers received common diets up to 21 d and then were fed 1 of 6 total dietary Thr levels that ranged from 0.51 to 0.86% total Thr until d 42. At 42 d, birds were processed. A subsample of birds from each experimental unit corresponding to either the 0.51 or 0.72% Thr treatments was taken, immune function was quantified, and lymphoid organs were weighed. Results for live performance and carcass traits are in close agreement with previously reported values in the literature. Quadratic responses were observed for BW gain, feed conversion, and carcass and breast meat absolute and relative weights. Depending on the variable, these responses were maximized from 0.71 to 0.74% Thr when broilers were raised on NL and from 0.73 to 0.78% Thr when broilers were raised on BL. Low Thr (0.51%) was without effect on most immune parameters. However, low Thr decreased relative thymus weight and increased monocyte NO production in built-up and new litter environments, respectively. C1 [Corzo, A.; Kidd, M. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Pharr, G. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Basic Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Dozier, W. A., III] USDA, ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Koutsos, E. A.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Anim Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Corzo, A (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM acorzo@poultry.msstate.edu NR 31 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 574 EP 582 DI 10.3382/japr.2007-00046 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 257PL UT WOS:000252810900013 ER PT J AU Cox, NA Richardson, LJ Buhr, RJ Musgrove, MT Berrang, ME Bright, W AF Cox, N. A. Richardson, L. J. Buhr, R. J. Musgrove, M. T. Berrang, M. E. Bright, W. TI Bactericidal effect of several chemicals on hatching eggs inoculated with Salmonella serovar Typhimurium SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hatchings egg; Salmonella; bactericide ID HATCHERIES; CONTAMINATION AB Breeder flocks and commercial hatcheries represent an early contamination point for Salmonella entry into commercial integrated poultry operations. Utilizing effective antimicrobial treatments for hatching eggs is a critical part of reducing the incidence of Salmonella-colonized chicks on the farm. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal effect of several chemicals on Salmonella-contaminated hatching eggs. Four replications (n = 10/treatment per replicate) were conducted to determine the efficacy of 7 commercially available compounds. The compounds tested were as follows: 1) hydrogen peroxide, 2) water-oil emulsion droplets stabilized by detergent, 3) peroxyacetic acid, 4) 4 quaternary ammonium compounds attached to a polymer, 5) 2 quaternary ammonium compounds, 1 biguanide compound and bronopol attached to a polymer, 6) N-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and stabilized urea, and 7) polyhexamethylenebiguanide hydrochloride. A naladixic acid-resistant Salmonella serovar Typhimurium was inoculated ( 10(3) cfu/mL) onto fertile hatching eggs by drip-inoculation. Controls included a positive control (no spray application) and a water control (spray containing water to take into account rinsing effects). Compounds 5 and 7 had a 100% reduction, and both of these chemicals included a biguanide. Compounds 4 and 3 were also effective with a 95 and 93.5% reduction, respectively. Compounds 6 and 2 were the least effective of all chemicals, with a reduction of 47.5 and 40%, respectively. Hydrogen peroxide (compound 1), which has been used by the poultry industry, had a 70% reduction, and the water control produced a 10% reduction due to the rinsing effect. Several antimicrobials tested were more effective than hydrogen peroxide. More detailed studies will be required to adequately evaluate these antimicrobials. C1 [Cox, N. A.; Richardson, L. J.; Buhr, R. J.] USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Musgrove, M. T.] USDA ARS, Egg Qual & Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Berrang, M. E.] USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antiboit Resistance Res Uni, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Bright, W.] S Carolina State Univ, Orangeburg, SC 29117 USA. RP Cox, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ncox@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 623 EP 627 DI 10.3382/japr.2007-00039 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 257PL UT WOS:000252810900019 ER PT J AU Franco-Jimenez, DJ Scheideler, SE Kittok, RJ Brown-Brandl, TM Robeson, LR Taira, H Beck, MM AF Franco-Jimenez, D. J. Scheideler, S. E. Kittok, R. J. Brown-Brandl, T. M. Robeson, L. R. Taira, H. Beck, M. M. TI Differential effects of heat stress in three strains of laying hens SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE heat stress; laying hen; strain; production; heat shock ID ACID-BASE-BALANCE; SHELL QUALITY; RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; EGG-PRODUCTION; CONSTANT; SHOCK; PROGESTERONE; TEMPERATURE; RECEPTOR AB Hy-Line Brown, W36, and W98 hens were housed for 2 wk at 22 degrees C, exposed to 35 C heat stress (HS) for 2 wk, and had 2 wk of recovery at 22 C. Production parameters ( egg production, feed intake, egg quality measures, and mortality), acid-base status ( pH, pCO(2), HCO3-, pO(2)), intestinal calcium uptake, and expression of hepatic heat shock protein-70 were measured. All production parameters except mortality were reduced by HS in all 3 strains. There were strain x temperature interactions for egg production, feed intake, shell thickness, specific gravity, and yolk weight, with the least severe reduction in W98 hens. The W36 hens were intermediate for egg production and feed intake, and the Brown and W36 hens were equivalent for shell thickness, specific gravity, and yolk weight. There were no interactions for egg, albumen, and shell weights, Haugh units, and intestinal calcium uptake, and all were reduced by HS. Blood pH and pCO2 were reduced by HS, and hepatic heat shock protein-70 was increased, with no differences among strains. Mortality rates during HS were 16, 8, and 4% for the Brown, W98, and W36 hens, respectively, but were not subjected to statistical analysis. The results suggest a mechanism in the W98 bird that appears to confer an advantage during HS with regard to egg production. C1 [Franco-Jimenez, D. J.; Scheideler, S. E.; Kittok, R. J.; Robeson, L. R.; Taira, H.; Beck, M. M.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Brown-Brandl, T. M.] USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Beck, MM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM mbeck@clemson.edu NR 24 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 10 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 628 EP 634 DI 10.3382/japr.2005-00088 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 257PL UT WOS:000252810900020 ER PT J AU Northcutt, JK AF Northcutt, J. K. TI Water use and reuse in commercial turkey processing facilities SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE turkey; processing; water; Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point program AB A survey of turkey processing facilities was conducted to determine the average volume of water used per bird during processing, the average amount of recycled processing water, and the types of poultry processing antimicrobial treatments. Ninety-three surveys were sent out to turkey processing facilities in the United States. Twenty-six surveys were completed and returned (28%). The combined processing capacity of the 26 facilities that responded to the survey was approximately 1.03 million birds per day or 71% of the total US turkey production (252 million annually). Most of the facilities that responded to the survey reported operating 5 d each week using city water (85%) and discharging wastewater through the city sewer system (77%). The average amount of water used during processing was reported to be approximately 30 gal per turkey - an increase of 23% with the implementation of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point program. Approximately 92% of the respondents reported using a cage or truck washing station. Thirty-one percent of the facilities reported that they recycle processing water. Data from the present survey may be of interest to turkey processing facilities that want to establish a water conservation program. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Northcutt, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM julie.northcutt@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 652 EP 655 DI 10.3382/japr.2006-00122 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 257PL UT WOS:000252810900023 ER PT J AU Rau, BM Blank, RR Chambers, JC Johnson, DW AF Rau, B. M. Blank, R. R. Chambers, J. C. Johnson, D. W. TI Prescribed fire in a Great Basin sagebrush ecosystem: Dynamics of soil extractable nitrogen and phosphorus SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE burning; ecosystem succession; juniper; pinyon; soil nutrients ID PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; COMMUNITIES; WILDFIRE; ANIONS; LITTER AB Pinyon and juniper have been expanding into sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) ecosystems since settlement of the Great Basin around 1860. Herbaceous understory vegetation is eliminated as stand densities increase and the potential for catastrophic fires increases. Prescribed fire is increasingly used to remove trees and promote recovery of sagebrush ecosystems. We quantified the effects of prescribed fire, vegetation type, and time following fire on soil KCl extractable nitrogen and NaHCO3 extractable phosphorus in a pinyon-juniper woodland and its associated sagebrush ecosystem immediately before and for 4 years after a spring prescribed burn. Potassium chloride extractable NH4+ and total inorganic-N increased immediately following prescribed fire, and extractable NO3- decreased immediately after the burn. In the surface layer (top 8 cm), extractable NH4+ remained elevated compared to the control through year 2 after the burn. By the first fall post-burn extractable NO3- and total extractable inorganic-N increased and remained elevated over the control through year 3 after the burn in the surface layer. For the entire soil profile (52 cm), the burn had no effect on NH4+, and the effects on total extractable inorganic-N were no longer significant after year 1. However, NO3- remained elevated over the control through year 2 post-fire for the soil profile. Near surface NaHCO3 extractable ortho-P increased immediately following fire, and remained elevated through year 2 post-fire. No fire effects were observed for extractable ortho-P in deeper horizons. Our data show that plant available nitrogen can remain elevated for extended periods following prescribed fire. This can influence regrowth and seedling establishment of native plant species, invasion of exotic plant species and, ultimately, site recovery potential. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. USDA ARS, Reno, NV 89512 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Rau, BM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM brau@unr.nevada.edu; blank@unr.nevada.edu; jchambers@fs.fed.us; dwj@unr.edu NR 30 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 BP 362 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.05.006 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 224HV UT WOS:000250439000003 ER PT J AU Adam, M Kovalev, VA Wold, C Newton, J Pahlow, M Hao, WM Parlange, MB AF Adam, Mariana Kovalev, Vladimir A. Wold, Cyle Newton, Jenny Pahlow, Markus Hao, Wei M. Parlange, Marc B. TI Application of the Kano-Hamilton multiangle inversion method in clear atmospheres SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LASER-RADAR EQUATION; LIDAR DATA; EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT; CROSSOVER FUNCTION; SLOPE-METHOD; FORM-FACTOR; AEROSOL; BACKSCATTER; PHOTOMULTIPLIERS; DISTORTIONS AB An improved measurement methodology and a data-processing technique for multiangle data obtained with an elastic scanning lidar in clear atmospheres are introduced. Azimuthal and slope scans are combined to reduce the atmospheric heterogeneity. Vertical profiles of optical depth and intercept (proportional to the logarithm of the backscatter coefficient) are determined. The purpose of this approach is to identify and remove data points that distort the regression analysis results in order to improve the accuracy of the retrieved optical depth and of the intercept. In addition, the influence of systematic distortions has been investigated. Furthermore, profiles of the optical depth, intercept, and the range-squared-corrected signals have been used to determine the lidar overlap function as a function of range. Simulation and experimental results of this data-processing technique are presented. C1 [Adam, Mariana; Parlange, Marc B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kovalev, Vladimir A.; Wold, Cyle; Newton, Jenny; Hao, Wei M.] USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. [Pahlow, Markus] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Hydrol Water Resources Management & Environm, Bochum, Germany. [Parlange, Marc B.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Sch Architecture Civil & Environm Engn, Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Adam, M (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM mariana@jhu.edu RI Adam, Mariana/C-5661-2013; Parlange, Marc/A-3403-2015; OI Pahlow, Markus/0000-0001-8673-2509 NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 24 IS 12 BP 2014 EP 2028 DI 10.1175/2007JTECHA946.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 246IS UT WOS:000252001300003 ER PT J AU Schaefer, GL Cosh, MH Jackson, TJ AF Schaefer, Garry L. Cosh, Michael H. Jackson, Thomas J. TI The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Surface soil moisture plays an important role in the dynamics of land-atmosphere interactions and many current and upcoming models and satellite sensors. In situ data will be required to provide calibration and validation datasets. Therefore, there is a need for sensor networks at a variety of scales that provide near-real-time soil moisture and temperature data combined with other climate information for use in natural resource planning, drought assessment, water resource management, and resource inventory. The U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)-National Water and Climate Center has established a continental-scale network to address this need, called the Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN). This ever-growing network has more than 116 stations located in 39 states, most of which have been installed since 1999. The stations are remotely located and collect hourly atmospheric, soil moisture, and soil temperature data that are available to the public online in near-real time. New stations are located on benchmark soils when possible. Future plans for the network include increasing the number of stations, improving on user-friendly data summaries, increasing data quality, and scaling the stations to the surrounding region. C1 [Cosh, Michael H.; Jackson, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Schaefer, Garry L.] USDA, NRCS, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, Portland, OR USA. RP Cosh, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM michael.cosh@ars.usda.gov RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 5 TC 120 Z9 120 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 24 IS 12 BP 2073 EP 2077 DI 10.1175/2007JTECHA930.1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 246IS UT WOS:000252001300007 ER PT J AU Liu, LS Finkenstadt, VL Liu, CK Coffin, DR Willett, JL Fishman, ML Hicks, KB AF Liu, L. S. Finkenstadt, V. L. Liu, C. -K. Coffin, D. R. Willett, J. L. Fishman, M. L. Hicks, K. B. TI Green composites from sugar beet pulp and poly(lactic acid): Structural and mechanical characterization SO JOURNAL OF BIOBASED MATERIALS AND BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE sugar beet pulp; polylactic acid; extrusion; injection-molding; composite ID BIODEGRADABLE COMPOSITES; TENSILE PROPERTIES; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; BIOBASED EPOXY; NATURAL FIBERS; ESTER ETHER); POLYPROPYLENE; LEATHER; PLA AB Composite materials of sugar beet pulp (SBP) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were evaluated for structural and mechanical properties. Microscopic analysis revealed that the SBP filler was evenly distributed in the PLA matrix phase. At lower SBP content, the filler was surrounded by the PLA matrix. As the SBP fraction increased, filler particles aggregated in the matrix although PLA remained the continuous phase. Due to the rigid nature of SBP, the PLA-SBP composites showed enhanced stiffness as the SBP fraction increased. However, as characterized by small deformation dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile strength testing, the PLA composites with higher SBP weight fraction were less fracture resistant. Acoustic emission analysis further suggested the role of filler-matrix debonding during fracture at higher SBP content. Thus, the improvement of filler-matrix adhesion is a strategy to enhance the mechanical property of composites with a higher SBP/PLA ratio. C1 [Liu, L. S.; Coffin, D. R.; Fishman, M. L.; Hicks, K. B.] USDA ARS, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Liu, C. -K.] USDA ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Co Prod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Finkenstadt, V. L.; Willett, J. L.] USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Liu, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1556-6560 J9 J BIOBASED MATER BIO JI J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy PD DEC PY 2007 VL 1 IS 3 BP 323 EP 330 DI 10.1166/jbmb.2007.006 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 265DT UT WOS:000253340000004 ER PT J AU Stevens, ES Willett, JL Shogren, RL AF Stevens, E. S. Willett, J. L. Shogren, R. L. TI Thermoplastic starch-kraft lignin-glycerol blends SO JOURNAL OF BIOBASED MATERIALS AND BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE starch; lignin; glycerol; thermoplastics AB Starch-kraft lignin-glycerol blends were prepared by film casting from aqueous solution and by extrusion in a twin-screw extruder. SEM indicated that the lignin was dispersed into 0.1-1 mu m particles within the starch-glycerol matrix. X-ray diffraction showed the presence of some B-type crystalline starch. For cast films with a mid-range composition of 52% starch, 20% lignin, and 28% glycerol, the values of elongation, modulus, and tensile strength were 13-29%, 236-379 MPa, and 3.8-6.7 MPa, respectively; values depended on the amount of ammonium hydroxide used to disperse the lignin in the aqueous phase. For freshly extruded films with the same mid-range composition, the corresponding values were 69-73%, 29-53 MPa, and 1.8-2.8 MPa. After aging for eight months, the same films showed corresponding values of 24-41%, 177-281 MPa, and 4.6-7.1 MPa. Lignin improved water resistance relative to starch controls only in unplasticized films; glycerol causes a decrease in water resistance even in the presence of lignin. Factor analysis indicated that the effect of lignin on elongation and modulus depends on the amount of glycerol present. C1 [Stevens, E. S.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Willett, J. L.; Shogren, R. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Stevens, ES (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1556-6560 J9 J BIOBASED MATER BIO JI J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy PD DEC PY 2007 VL 1 IS 3 BP 351 EP 359 DI 10.1166/jbmb.2007.009 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 265DT UT WOS:000253340000007 ER PT J AU Glenn, GM Klamczynski, A Holtman, KM Chiou, BS Orts, WJ Wood, D AF Glenn, Gregory M. Klamczynski, Artur Holtman, Kevin M. Chiou, Bor-Sen Orts, William J. Wood, Delilah TI Cellulose fiber reinforced starch-based foam composites SO JOURNAL OF BIOBASED MATERIALS AND BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE cellulose; plastics; packaging; biopolymer; polylactic acid; starch; pulp fiber; Poly-butyleneadipate/Terephthalate. ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; GREEN COMPOSITES; MOISTURE-CONTENT; PLASTICS AB Starch-based foam composites were made with four different sources of cellulose fiber that included a-cellulose, softwood (SWF) and hardwood (HWF) pulp fiber and municipal solid waste (MSW) fiber. Formulations included fiber (10.5%). potato starch (54.5%), glycerol (11%), sorbitol (11%), CaCO3 (5.5%), Mg stearate (2%), ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL, 11%). The fiber was thoroughly mixed in a viscous, gelatinous starch melt to achieve good dispersion before the remaining ingredients were added. The mixed ingredients were pelletized and either extruded into a foam directly or after a compounding step. The compounding step improved the expansion of the foam and reduced density. The fiber had little effect on foam density but increased tensile strength and modulus. There was no consistent difference in density or tensile properties of samples containing different sources of fiber. Tensile strength and modulus increased but percent elongation decreased during storage in control samples containing no fiber. Similar but smaller changes occurred in samples containing fiber. Approximately forty percent of the sample carbon mineralized over a forty day period. The rate of mineralization was similar for samples with or without fiber. The samples were thermally stable to temperatures approaching 250 degrees C with the exception of the weight loss due to moisture and glycerol volatilization. C1 [Glenn, Gregory M.; Klamczynski, Artur; Holtman, Kevin M.; Chiou, Bor-Sen; Orts, William J.; Wood, Delilah] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Biochem & Engn Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Glenn, GM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Biochem & Engn Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1556-6560 J9 J BIOBASED MATER BIO JI J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy PD DEC PY 2007 VL 1 IS 3 BP 360 EP 366 DI 10.1166/jbmb.2007.010 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 265DT UT WOS:000253340000008 ER PT J AU Onwulata, CI Cooke, PH Harden, J Liu, Z Erhan, SZ Akin, DE Barton, FE AF Onwulata, C. I. Cooke, P. H. Harden, J. Liu, Z. Erhan, S. Z. Akin, D. E. Barton, F. E., II TI Microstructuring of milk-protein-coated flax fibers SO JOURNAL OF BIOBASED MATERIALS AND BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE flax fiber; milk protein coated; whey proteins ID COMPOSITES; CASEIN; SINGLE; FILMS AB Unlike synthetic fibers, natural fibers like flax (Linum usitatissimum L., Linaceae) need to be modified when used in composites to enhance their properties and reduce adverse physical effects. Creating a structured, protective, electrostatically active surface enhances bonding and improves structural properties of composites containing flax. A new coating process, developed to protect natural fiber deterioration in high moisture environments, was used to coat flax fiber for industrial applications. A cross-linked matrix of milk proteins, which was used as a spray or tray dried with the flax, and afterward a high-melt vegetable wax was applied on flax fibers by hot-melt, making the fibers statically active. The milk proteins formed a first layer, and the vegetable wax formed the second. Microstructure of the coated flax shows new physical forms characteristic of spray and tray drying, and physical analyses indicate reduction in water holding capacity from 7 g H2O/100 g flax to < 1 g H2O/100 g flax, water absorption from about 5 g H2O/100 g flax to < 2 g H2O/100 g flax, and oil absorption 5 g H2O/100 g flax to < 3 g H2O/100 g flax. This novel technique, used to alter the surface properties of flax fiber, enhanced and improved its functionality. C1 [Onwulata, C. I.; Cooke, P. H.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Harden, J.] Harden Foods Inc, Philadelphia, PA 19154 USA. [Liu, Z.; Erhan, S. Z.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Food & Ind Oil Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Akin, D. E.; Barton, F. E., II] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Onwulata, CI (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1556-6560 J9 J BIOBASED MATER BIO JI J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy PD DEC PY 2007 VL 1 IS 3 BP 372 EP 379 DI 10.1166/jbmb.2007.012 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 265DT UT WOS:000253340000010 ER PT J AU Felker, FC Biresaw, G AF Felker, Frederick C. Biresaw, Girma TI Rheology and morphology of extruded blends of polystyrene with biodegradable polyesters SO JOURNAL OF BIOBASED MATERIALS AND BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE bioblend; extrusion; morphology; polycaprolactone; poly(lactic acid); rheology; tetramethyleneadipate-co-terephthalate; zero-shear viscosity ID POLY(LACTIC ACID); MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INTERFACIAL-TENSION; SUSTAINED-RELEASE; TRIBUTYL CITRATE; GENTAMICIN; MICROPARTICLES; COMPATIBILITY; PLASTICIZERS; SCAFFOLDS AB Zero-shear viscosity (zsv) of polycaprolactone (PCL)/PS, polylactic acid (PLA)/PS, and poly(tetramethyleneadipate-co-terephthalate (EBU)/PS blends at 25/75, 50/50, and 75/25% (w/w) ratios was determined and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of embedded, sectioned samples was performed. Except at 25% PS, zsv of blends were between those of PS and the corresponding polyesters. At 25% PS, PCL displayed the highest, and PLA the lowest zsv of any blend. The blends with 25% PS displayed increasing zsv in the order: PLA/PS < EBU/PS < PCL/PS, which was the reverse of the trend of domain size of PS in the blends obtained by TEM. The trend in domain sizes correlates with the melting point of the polyester component and can be attributed to better mixing of a polyester with lower melting point than that with a higher melting point. C1 [Felker, Frederick C.; Biresaw, Girma] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Felker, FC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1556-6560 J9 J BIOBASED MATER BIO JI J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy PD DEC PY 2007 VL 1 IS 3 BP 401 EP 408 DI 10.1166/jbmb.2007.016 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 265DT UT WOS:000253340000013 ER PT J AU Dawson-Hughes, B Bischoff-Ferrari, HA AF Dawson-Hughes, Bess Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A. TI Therapy of osteoporosis with calcium and vitamin D SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Contemporary Diagnosis and Treatment of Vitamin D-Related Disorders CY DEC 04-05, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP ASBMR DE vitamin D; calcium; falls; fractures; muscle performance ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; D-RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; D SUPPLEMENTATION; ELDERLY-WOMEN; MUSCLE-TISSUE; BONE LOSS; ORAL VITAMIN-D-3; HIP-FRACTURES; CHOLECALCIFEROL; PREVENTION AB Inadequate intakes of vitamin D and calcium lead to reduced calcium absorption, higher bone remodeling rates, and increased bone loss. Vitamin D insufficiency has also been linked to reduced muscle function and increased risk of falling. The mechanisms for the performance and muscle effects are not well understood. Administering vitamin D to those with inadequate vitamin D status has been shown to lower fracture rates in some trials but not in others. The purpose of this presentation is (1) to examine how calcium and vitamin D work in concert, (2) to consider key evidence that increasing vitamin D intake will affect risk of falls and fractures, and (3) to estimate the 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level needed to achieve maximum fracture protection. C1 [Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Inst Med Phys, Dept Rheumatol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 8 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 22 SU 2 BP V59 EP V63 DI 10.1359/JBMR.07S209 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 266ES UT WOS:000253417900013 PM 18290724 ER PT J AU Jones, G Horst, R Carter, G Makin, HLJ AF Jones, Glenville Horst, Ronald Carter, Graham Makin, Hugh L. J. TI Contemporary diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D-related disorders SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Contemporary Diagnosis and Treatment of Vitamin D-Related Disorders CY DEC 04-05, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP ASBMR DE vitamin D; calcitriol; 25(OH)D; 25(OH)D assay; DEQAS ID SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D; CIRCULATING 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN-PLASMA; ASSAYS; BONE; D-3; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; CANCER; 25-HYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL AB Plasma 25(OH)D has emerged as a valuable biomarker for the many varied health-related effects of vitamin D in the clinic mainly because of the recognition of the importance of the enzyme, CYP27B1, or the 25(OH)D-alpha-hydroxylase in the extrarenal, target cell production of calcitriol. This review briefly assesses current methodology for plasma 25(OH)D assay focusing mainly on current controversies surrounding the definition of the normal range and performance characteristics of the assay, separate measurement of both 25(OH)D-2 and 25(OH)D-3, and quality assurance tesing of laboratories offering the test. Clinicians have two main types of 25(OH)D assay based on either high-performance liquid chromatography with UV or mass detection or higher throughput kits based on protein (competitive protein binding assay or radioimmunoassay) binding. Based on 30 yr of experience with measuring 25(OH)D levels, it is concluded that, in the hands of appropriately trained experts, both types of assay provide reliable and accurate results, but all laboratories providing 25(OH)D data need frequent external quality assurance service to ensure that this performance is maintained. C1 [Jones, Glenville] Queens Univ, Dept Biochem, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Horst, Ronald] USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Carter, Graham] Charing Cross Hosp, Endocrine Lab, DEQAS, London, England. [Makin, Hugh L. J.] St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med, London, England. RP Jones, G (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Biochem, Kingston, ON, Canada. NR 50 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 22 SU 2 BP V11 EP V15 DI 10.1359/JBMR.07S219 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 266ES UT WOS:000253417900003 PM 18290713 ER PT J AU Liu, X Bai, J Huang, L Zhu, L Liu, X Weng, N Reese, JC Harris, M Stuart, JJ Chen, MS AF Liu, Xuming Bai, Jianfa Huang, Li Zhu, Lieceng Liu, Xiang Weng, Nanyan Reese, John C. Harris, Marion Stuart, Jeffrey J. Chen, Ming-Shun TI Gene expression of different wheat genotypes during attack by virulent and avirulent Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) larvae SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hessian fly; Mayetiola destructor; gall midge; host plant resistance; wheat ID PLANT-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; TOMATO CONFERS RESISTANCE; DIPTERA-CECIDOMYIIDAE; APHID RESISTANCE; WINTER-WHEAT; POTATO APHID; ROOT-KNOT; FLAX RUST; DEFENSE; PROTEINS AB Wheat and its relatives possess a number of resistance (R) genes specific for the Hessian fly (HF) [Mayetiola destructor (Say)]. HF populations overcome R gene resistance by evolving virulence. Virulent HF larvae manipulate the plant to produce a nutritionally enhanced feeding tissue and, probably, also suppress plant defense responses. Using two wheat R genes, H9 and H13, and three HF strains (biotypes) differing in virulence for H9 and H13, we conducted a genome-wide transcriptional analysis of gene expression during compatible interactions with virulent larvae and incompatible interactions with avirulent larvae. During both types of interactions, a large number of genes (> 1,000) showed alterations in gene expression. Analysis of genes with known functions revealed that major targets for differential regulation were genes that encoded defense proteins or enzymes involved in the phenylpropanoid, cell wall, and lipid metabolism pathways. A combination of the enhancement of antibiosis defense, the evasion of nutrient metabolism induction, and the fortification and expansion of the cell wall are likely the collective mechanism for host-plant resistance observed during incompatible interactions. To overcome this resistance, virulent larvae appeared to suppress antibiosis defense while inducing nutrient metabolism, weakening cell wall, and inhibiting plant growth. C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA, ARS, PSERU, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Chen, MS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA, ARS, PSERU, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM mchen@ksu.edu NR 64 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2171 EP 2194 DI 10.1007/s10886-007-9382-2 PG 24 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 238CW UT WOS:000251425900001 PM 18058177 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ Suckling, DM Judd, GJR AF Landolt, P. J. Suckling, D. M. Judd, G. J. R. TI Positive interaction of a feeding attractant and a host kairomone for trapping the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE codling moth; pear; pear ester; acetic acid; feeding; host-finding; attractant; lure ID CODLEMONE-BAITED TRAPS; XESTIA-C-NIGRUM; APPLE VOLATILES; MAMESTRA-CONFIGURATA; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSE; LACANOBIA-SUBJUNCTA; FLIGHT ACTIVITY; PEAR ESTER; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE AB Codling moths are attracted to acetic acid and to ethyl-(E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate, the pear ester, when presented individually. The attraction to acetic acid is thought to be a food finding behavior, whereas the pear odorant, ethyl-(E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate, may be a host kairomone. We found, in a flight tunnel study, that more male and female codling moths were captured in traps when the compounds were presented together compared to tested separately. The combination of odorants provides a stronger lure for female codling moths than exists with pear ester alone and increases the potential for using lures in managing this pest of pome fruits and walnuts. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Hort Res, Lincoln, NE USA. Pacific Agr Food Res Ctr, Agr & Agri Food Canada, Summerland, BC VOH 1Z0, Canada. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM peter.landolt@ars.usda.gov RI Suckling, David/F-7005-2010 OI Suckling, David/0000-0001-7216-9348 NR 40 TC 40 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2236 EP 2244 DI 10.1007/s10886-007-9391-1 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 238CW UT WOS:000251425900006 PM 17992562 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Edu, J Pahio, E Nishimoto, J AF Shelly, Todd E. Edu, James Pahio, Elaine Nishimoto, Jon TI Scented males and choosy females: Does male odor influence female mate choice in the Mediterranean fruit fly? SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; Mediterranean fruit fly; Tephritidae; mate choice; ginger root oil; pheromones ID GINGER ROOT OIL; CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; ENHANCES MATING SUCCESS; FIELD-CAGE TRIALS; HOST-PLANT; CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; FLIES DIPTERA; ALPHA-COPAENE; COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR; MAJOR COMPONENTS AB The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), displays a lek mating system characterized by a high level of female discrimination among potential mates. The basis of female choice is not understood, but recent studies indicate that male exposure to the aroma of certain plant structures or essential oils may increase mating success. In particular, exposure to the aroma of ginger root oil (GRO) enhances male mating frequency, and several sterile-male release programs against C. capitata have incorporated 'aromatherapy' (large-scale exposure of pre-release insects to GRO) to increase the effectiveness of control efforts. We investigated the mechanism underlying female preference for GRO-exposed males. Two sets of experiments were conducted. In the first, we monitored female attraction to (1) freshly killed flies, or (2) paper discs that contained hexane extracts from varying treatments. In these tests, females were sighted more often (1) near GRO-exposed than non-exposed males (even when the males were visually concealed) and (2) near extracts from GRO-exposed than non-exposed males. These findings suggest a 'perfume effect', whereby female mate choice is mediated by olfactory differences. In the second set, we compared (1) mate choice between intact females and females from which both antennae had been surgically removed, and (2) mating success between intact males and males from which both antennae had been surgically removed before GRO exposure. Intact females preferred GRO-exposed males, whereas females lacking both antennae rarely mated and showed no preference between GRO-exposed and non-exposed males. In the opposite treatment (intact females but surgically altered males), GRO-exposed males lacking both antennae mated as frequently as GRO-exposed intact males. These data suggest that female choice was dependent on olfactory perception of male odor but that male mating success did not depend on olfactory perception of GRO aroma, suggesting, in turn, that GRO conferred a mating advantage through an external phenomenon (possibly alteration of cuticular scent) rather than through internal processing (pheromone synthesis). C1 USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. EM todd.e.shelly@aphis.usda.gov NR 69 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2308 EP 2324 DI 10.1007/s10886-007-9394-y PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 238CW UT WOS:000251425900012 PM 18030532 ER PT J AU Dawson-Hughes, B Chen, PQ Krege, JH AF Dawson-Hughes, Bess Chen, Peiqi Krege, John H. TI Response to teriparatide in patients with baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency or sufficiency SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; VITAMIN-D INSUFFICIENCY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; HYPOVITAMINOSIS-D; SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; OSTEOPOROSIS; PREVALENCE; FRACTURES AB Context: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( 25OHD) concentrations greater than 30 ng/ml have been recommended for lowering fracture risk. Objective: Our objective was to determine whether 25OHD sufficiency is a prerequisite for effective response to teriparatide ( TPTD). Design and Patients: Data were from 1620 osteoporotic postmenopausal women in the Fracture Prevention Trial. The response to TPTD was assessed in women subgrouped by having 25OHD insufficiency ( > 10 but <= 30 ng/ml) or 25OHD sufficiency ( > 30 but <= 183 ng/ml) at the baseline ( randomization) visit. An abnormal intact PTH was exclusionary. Interventions: At baseline, after at least 1 month of supplementation with calcium ( 1000 mg) and vitamin D ( 400-1200 IU) daily, women were randomized to placebo or 20 or 40 mu g TPTD by daily sc injection for a median of 19 months. Observation was for a median of 21 months. Main Outcome Measures: Main outcome measures included vertebral and nonvertebral fractures, change in bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, change in bone formation marker amino-terminal extension peptide of procollagen type 1, and the proportion of women with serum calcium at least 2.76 mmol/liter 4-6 h after dosing. Results: TPTD reduced vertebral and nonvertebral fracture risk, increased lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density, and increased amino-terminal extension peptide of procollagen type 1 relative to placebo in the two 25OHD subgroups. There were no significant differences in these endpoints between the subgroups ( each treatment by subgroup interaction, P > 0.10). However, it should be noted that because of the limited number of fractures, this study does not exclude the possibility of differences in fracture outcome between the subgroups. Conclusions: In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and normal intact PTH, the responses to TPTD did not differ significantly in women with baseline 25OHD insufficiency or sufficiency. C1 Tufts Univ, Res Ctr Aging, USDA Human Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Res Labs, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Res Ctr Aging, USDA Human Nutr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM bess.dawson-hughes@tufts.edu NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 92 IS 12 BP 4630 EP 4636 DI 10.1210/jc.2007-0239 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 237TQ UT WOS:000251399700022 PM 17911178 ER PT J AU Cai, G Cole, SA Butte, NF Voruganti, VS Comuzzie, AG AF Cai, Guowen Cole, Shelley A. Butte, Nancy F. Voruganti, V. Saroja Comuzzie, Anthony G. TI A quantitative trait locus on chromosome 13q affects fasting glucose levels in Hispanic children SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE SCAN; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; POPULATION; PHENOTYPES; FAMILY AB Objective: The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased dramatically in the United States. Early presentation of type 2 diabetes has been observed in children and adolescents, especially in the Hispanic population. The genetic contribution of glucose homeostasis related to childhood obesity is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to localize quantitative trait loci influencing fasting serum glucose levels in Hispanic children participating in the Viva La Familia Study. Design: Subjects were 1030 children ascertained through an overweight child from 319 Hispanic families. Fasting serum glucose levels were measured enzymatically, and genetic linkage analyses were conducted using SOLAR software. Results: Fasting glucose was heritable, with a heritability of 0.62 +/- 0.08 ( P < 0.01). Genome-wide scan mapped fasting serum glucose to markers D13S158-D13S173 on chromosome 13q (LOD score of 4.6). A strong positional candidate gene is insulin receptor substrate 2, regulator of glucose homeostasis and a candidate gene for obesity. This region was reported previously to be linked to obesity- and diabetes-related phenotypes. Conclusions: A quantitative trait locus on chromosome 13q contributes to the variation in fasting serum glucose levels in Hispanic children at high risk for obesity. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Agr Res Serv Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Genet, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Agr Res Serv Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM nbutte@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK59264] NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 92 IS 12 BP 4893 EP 4896 DI 10.1210/jc.2007-1695 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 237TQ UT WOS:000251399700061 PM 17925332 ER PT J AU Battaglia, LL Denslow, JS Hargis, TG AF Battaglia, L. L. Denslow, J. S. Hargis, T. G. TI Does woody species establishment alter herbaceous community composition of freshwater floating marshes? SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Chinese tallow; coastal Louisiana; floating marsh; flotant; fresh bulltongue; fresh maidencane; invasive species; Morella cerifera; ordination; Panicum hemitomon; Triadica sebifera; scrub-shrub; wax myrtle; wetland ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ISLAND SHRUB THICKETS; BARRIER-ISLAND; WETLAND LOSS; HYDROLOGIC CHANGE; VEGETATION CHANGE; MYRICA-CERIFERA; DELTA PLAIN; KNOW IT/; LOUISIANA AB Floating freshwater marsh communities (flotant) in the Mississippi Deltaic Plain are composed of vegetation rooted in an organic mat that detaches from the underlying mineral substrate and shifts vertically as water levels below rise and drop. Unlike attached marshes dominated by herbaceous species, floating marsh mats are free from the stress of inundation, enabling establishment of woody species. Dynamics of these flotant communities are largely unstudied, and it is unknown whether invasion by woody species alters their structure and composition. To study the potential effects of woody species invasion on herbaceous community characteristics, we compared open herbaceous marsh, sparse scrub-shrub, and dense scrub-shrub thickets at Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve in coastal Louisiana. We found that species richness and composition differed significantly among the three marsh types. Herbaceous communities lacking shrub canopies had the lowest richness and were dominated by emergent species typical of freshwater marsh. Richness and composition of sparse scrub-shrub thickets were intermediate between open marsh and dense thickets. The latter had the greatest species richness with assemblages more typical of forest understories, as well as aquatic species that occurred where holes in the floating mat formed. Morella cerifera (wax myrtle), an actinorhizal shrub, was the dominant woody species and formed the shrub stratum in sparse and dense thickets; the exotic Triadica sebifera created a low-stature overstory. Bryophytes colonized the bases and lower stems of both species. We found 35 additional vascular plant species in the thickets, including two other exotics, Alternanthera philoxeroides and Salvinia molesta. Establishment of woody species in flotant marsh adds structural complexity and appears to drive compositional changes in the herbaceous community toward a combination of woodland and aquatic assemblages. The longevity of the woody phase in flotant marsh and the long-term ecological consequences of widespread Triadica sebifera invasion are unknown. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. So Illinois Univ, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Invas Species Unit, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Coastal Monitoring Inc, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Battaglia, LL (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Mailcode 6509, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM lbattaglia@plant.siu.edu; jdenslow@fs.fed.us; tom_hargis@earthlink.net NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 20 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1580 EP 1587 DI 10.2112/06-0766.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 233WJ UT WOS:000251120700024 ER PT J AU Tshabalala, MA Sung, LP AF Tshabalala, Mandla A. Sung, Li-Piin TI Wood surface modification by in-situ sol-gel deposition of hybrid inorganic-organic thin films SO JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Woodcoating Congress - Enhancing Service Life CY OCT 17-18, 2006 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Paint Res Assoc DE sol-gel; wood; surface; thin film; moisture; weathering ID MULTIFUNCTIONAL ALKOXYSILANES; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY AB Interest in the use of nanoparticles of iron, titanium, aluminum, and zinc oxides in transparent coatings for wood is increasing. Such nano-composite coatings have the potential of not only preserving the natural color of the wood, but also stabilizing the wood surface against the combined degradative effects of sunlight and moisture. The nanoparticles can be used as additives to coating formulations or deposited directly as thin films on a substrate. Thin film deposition can be accomplished by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor or by sol-gel deposition. This paper describes sol-gel deposition of a hybrid inorganic-organic thin film on wood using a mixture of metal-organic precursors and its effect on weathering properties of the wood surface. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tshabalala, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM mtshabalala@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1547-0091 J9 J COAT TECHNOL RES JI J. Coat. Technol. Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 4 IS 4 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1007/s11998-007-9033-0 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 237SN UT WOS:000251396800012 ER PT J AU Chauhan, KR Levi, V Zhang, QH Aldrich, JR AF Chauhan, Kamlesh R. Levi, Victor Zhang, Qing-He Aldrich, Jeffrey R. TI Female goldeneyed lacewings (Neuroptera : chrysopidae) approach but seldom enter traps baited with the male-produced compound iridodial SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphids; biocontrol; goldeneyed lacewing; aggregation pheromone ID INDUCED PLANT VOLATILES; MALE-PRODUCED PHEROMONE; BENEFICIAL INSECTS; METHYL SALICYLATE; CHRYSOPERLA-CARNEA; APHID PREY; ATTRACTANT; OCULATA; MYRMELEONTIDAE; NIGRICORNIS AB Earlier, we identified (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial as a male-specific compound of the goldeneyed lacewing, Chrysopa oculata Say (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), but traps baited with this compound caught almost exclusively males. In the present report, we demonstrated by sweep-net sampling and observation in the vicinity of pheromone lures that C. oculata females, and males, are strongly attracted to iridodial. Aggregation activity of C. oculata adults occurred between dusk and dawn. This research demonstrates that iridodial may be useful to induce goldeneyed lacewings to lay eggs in targeted plant patches for biological pest control. C1 [Chauhan, Kamlesh R.; Levi, Victor; Aldrich, Jeffrey R.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Invas Insects Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zhang, Qing-He] Sterling Int Inc, Spokane, WA 99216 USA. RP Chauhan, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Invas Insects Biocontrol & Behav Lab, B-007 West, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kamal.chauhan@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1751 EP 1755 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1751:FGLNCA]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 242BV UT WOS:000251700400003 PM 18232390 ER PT J AU He, YP Gao, CF Cao, MZ Chen, WM Huang, LQ Zhou, WJ Liu, XG Shen, JL Zhu, YC AF He, Yue Ping Gao, Cong Fen Cao, Ming Zhang Chen, Wen Ming Huang, Li Qin Zhou, Wei Jun Liu, Xu Gan Shen, Jin Liang Zhu, Yu Cheng TI Survey of susceptibilities to monosultap, triazophos, fipronil, and abamectin in Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera : crambidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chilo suppressalis; resistance; triazophos; fipronil; monosultap ID RICE STEM BORER; RESISTANCE AB To provide a foundation for national resistance management of the Asiatic rice borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a study was carried out to determine doseresponse and susceptibility changes over a 5-yr period in the insect from representative rice, Oryza sativa L., production regions. In total, 11 populations were collected from 2002 to 2006 in seven rice-growing provinces in China, and they were used to examine their susceptibility levels to monosultap, triazophos, fipronil, and abamectin. Results indicated that most populations had increased tolerance to monosultap. Several field populations, especially those in the southeastern Zhejiang Province, were highly or extremely highly resistant to triazophos (resistance ratio [RR] = 52.57-899.93-fold), and some populations in Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, and the northern rice regions were susceptible or had a low level of resistance to triazophos (RR = 1.00-10.69). Results also showed that most field populations were susceptible to fipronil (RR < 3), but the populations from Ruian and Cangnan, Zhejiang, in 2006 showed moderate levels of resistance to fipronil (RR = 20.99-25.35). All 11 field populations collected in 2002-2006 were susceptible to abamectin (RR < 5). The tolerance levels in the rice stem borer exhibited an increasing trend (or with fluctuation) over a 5-yr period for different insecticides, and they reached a maximal level in 2006 for all four insecticides. Analysis of regional resistance ratios indicated that the history and intensity of insecticide application are the major driving forces for the resistance evolution in C. suppressalis. Strategic development of insecticide resistance management also is proposed. C1 [He, Yue Ping; Gao, Cong Fen; Chen, Wen Ming; Zhou, Wei Jun; Liu, Xu Gan; Shen, Jin Liang] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Dept Pesticide Sci, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. [Cao, Ming Zhang] Jiangsu Pesticide Res Inst, Nanjing 210036, Peoples R China. [Huang, Li Qin] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Sci, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Yu Cheng] USDA ARS, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Shen, JL (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Dept Pesticide Sci, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. EM jlsben@njau.edu.cn NR 26 TC 17 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1854 EP 1861 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1854:SOSTMT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 242BV UT WOS:000251700400016 PM 18232403 ER PT J AU Li, HR Buschman, LL Huang, FN Zhu, KY Bonning, B Oppert, B AF Li, Huarong Buschman, Lawrent L. Huang, Fangneng Zhu, Kun Yan Bonning, Bryony Oppert, Brenda TI DiPel-Selected Ostrinia nubilalis larvae are not resistant to transgenic corn expressing Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ostrinia nubilalis; Bacillus thuringiensis; resistance mechanisms; resistance management; proteinase-mediated resistance ID BORER LEPIDOPTERA; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; INSECTICIDAL PROTEIN; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS; CROSS-RESISTANCE; PINK-BOLLWORM; SEED MIXTURES; BT-CORN; CRAMBIDAE AB The survival of KS-SC DiPel-resistant and -susceptible European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), was evaluated on different tissues from corn, Zea mays L., hybrids, including a nontransgenic and two transgenic corn plants (events MON810 and Bt11) expressing high doses of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ab. The survival of Bt-resistant and -susceptible third instars was similar after a 5-d exposure to transgenic plant tissues. Survivors eventually died when returned to Bt corn tissues, but many were able to continue development when transferred to non-Bt corn tissues. Survival of resistant and susceptible larvae also was evaluated in bioassays with dilutions of leaf extracts from the three corn hybrids incorporated in an artificial diet. In these assays, survival was significantly higher for resistant O. nubilalis neonates at three of the five dilutions compared with the susceptible strain, but the resistance ratio was only 2.2- and 2.4-fold for MON810 and Bt11, respectively. The data demonstrate that Bt-resistant and unselected control O. nubilalis larvae were similar in susceptibility to MON810 and Bt11 event corn hybrids. Although we were unable to evaluate the Cry1Ab protein that larvae were exposed to in the transgenic tissue because of company restrictions, Cry1Ab protoxin produced in Escherichia coli was incubated with extracts from non-Bt corn leaves to simulate the in planta effect on the transgenic protein. Cry1Ab protoxin was hydrolyzed rapidly by enzymes in the corn extract into peptide fragments with molecular masses ranging from 132 to 74 kDa, and eventually 58 kDa. Overall, these data suggest that plant enzymes hydrolyze transgenic toxin to one that is functionally activated. Therefore, resistant insect populations with reduced proteinase activity do not seem to pose a threat to the efficacy of commercial MON810 and Bt11 corn hybrids. C1 [Oppert, Brenda] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Li, Huarong; Buschman, Lawrent L.; Zhu, Kun Yan] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Li, Huarong; Bonning, Bryony] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Buschman, Lawrent L.] Kansas State Univ, SW Res & Extens Ctr, Garden City, KS 67846 USA. [Huang, Fangneng] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Oppert, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM bso@ksu.edu NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1862 EP 1870 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1862:DONLAN]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 242BV UT WOS:000251700400017 PM 18232404 ER PT J AU Nuessly, GS Scully, BT Hentz, MG Beiriger, R Snook, ME Widstrom, NW AF Nuessly, G. S. Scully, B. T. Hentz, M. G. Beiriger, R. Snook, M. E. Widstrom, N. W. TI Resistance to Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera : noctuidae) and Euxesta stigmatias (Diptera : ulidiidae) in sweet corn derived from exogenous and endogenous genetic systems SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE zapalote chico; primetime; fall armyworm; maysin ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; EARWORM LARVAE LEPIDOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; TRANSGENIC CORN; INSECTICIDAL PROTEIN; GERMPLASM LINES; ZAPALOTE CHICO; MAIZE; REGISTRATION; SILKS AB Field trials using Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Euxesta stigmatias Loew (Diptera: Ulidiidae) were conducted to evaluate resistance and potential damage interactions between these two primary corn, Zea mays L., pests against Lepidoptera-resistant corn varieties derived from both endogenous and exogenous sources. The endogenous source of resistance was maysin, a C-glycosyl flavone produced in high concentrations in varieties 'Zapalote Chico 2451' and 'Zapalote Chico AT. The exogenous resistance source was the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) 11 gene that expresses CryIA (b) insecticidal protein found in 'Attribute GSS-0966'. Damage by the two pests was compared among these resistant varieties and the susceptible 'Primetime'. Single-species tests determined that the Zapalote Chico varieties and GSS-0966 effectively reduced S. frugiperda larval damage compared with Primetime. E. stigmatias larval damage was less in the Zapalote Chico varieties than the other varieties in single-species tests. E. stigmatias damage was greater on S. frugiperda-infested versus S. frugiperda-excluded ears. Ears with S. frugiperda damage to husk, silk and kernels had greater E. stigmatias damage than ears with less S. frugiperda damage. Reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of nonpollinated corn silk collected front field plots determined that isoorientin, maysin, and apimaysin plus 3'-metboxymaysin concentrations followed the order Zapalote Chico sh2 > Zapalote Chico 2451 > Attribute GSS-0966 = Primetime. Chlorogenic acid concentrations were greatest in Zapalote Chico 2451. The two high maysin Zapalote Chico varieties did as well against fall armyworm as the Bt-enhanced GSS-0966, and they outperformed GSS-0966 against E. stigmatias. C1 [Nuessly, G. S.; Beiriger, R.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. [Nuessly, G. S.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Scully, B. T.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Hentz, M. G.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Snook, M. E.] USDA ARS, Richard Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Nuessly, GS (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, 3200 E Palm Beach Rd, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. EM gnuessly@ufl.edu NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1887 EP 1895 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1887:RTSFLN]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 242BV UT WOS:000251700400020 PM 18232407 ER PT J AU Musser, F Stewart, S Bagwell, R Lorenz, G Catchot, A Burris, E Cook, D Robbins, J Greene, J Studebaker, G Gore, J AF Musser, F. Stewart, S. Bagwell, R. Lorenz, G. Catchot, A. Burris, E. Cook, D. Robbins, J. Greene, J. Studebaker, G. Gore, J. TI Comparison of direct and indirect sampling methods for tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera : Miridae) in flowering cotton SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lygus lineolaris; accuracy; efficiency; bias ID LYGUS-LINEOLARIS HETEROPTERA; ESTIMATING ABSOLUTE DENSITY; STINK BUGS; POPULATIONS AB A complex of hemipterans, especially the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), has become a major target of insecticides in flowering cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in the mid-southern United States. Sampling protocols for this complex during this period of cotton development are poorly established, resulting in uncertainty about when infestations warrant treatment. Nine direct and indirect sampling methods were evaluated for bias, precision, and efficiency in cotton throughout the Mid-South during 2005 and 2006. The tarnished plant bug represented 94% of the bug complex in both years. Sweep-net and black drop-cloth methods were more efficient than other direct sampling methods, but they were biased toward adults and nymphs, respectively. Sampling dirty blooms was the most efficient indirect sampling method. The sweep-net, whole-plant, and dirty-bloom methods were more accurate than the other sampling methods evaluated based on correlations with other sampling methods. Variability attributed to the person collecting the sample was significant for all sampling methods, but least significant for the dirty-square method. Further research is needed to establish thresholds based on sweep-net, drop-cloth, dirty-square, and dirty-bloom sampling methods as these methods provide the best combinations of accuracy and efficiency for sampling tarnished plant bugs in cotton. C1 [Musser, F.; Catchot, A.; Robbins, J.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Stewart, S.] Univ Tennessee, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. [Bagwell, R.] Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Winnsboro, LA 71295 USA. [Lorenz, G.; Greene, J.; Studebaker, G.] Univ Arkansas CES, Little Rock, AR 72203 USA. [Burris, E.; Cook, D.] Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, St Joseph, LA 71366 USA. [Gore, J.] USDA ARS, SIMRU, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Musser, F (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, POB 9775, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM fm61@msstate.edu NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1916 EP 1923 DI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1916:CODAIS]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 242BV UT WOS:000251700400024 PM 18232411 ER PT J AU Schroeder, HW AF Schroeder, Herbert W. TI Place experience, gestalt, and the human-nature relationship SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gestalt; phenomenology; place experience; special places; nature AB This paper explores some ways in which differing views about the human-nature relationship reflect and are reflected in people's experiences of the places and environments they encounter in their lives. I first describe how ideas of humans being "part of" versus "apart from" nature have appeared in discussions of environmental ethics and management, and suggest how these contrasting views might relate to people's actual experiences of the natural and human aspects of places. Using qualitative survey responses about outdoor places in the midwestern USA to illustrate ideas from phenomenological and gestalt psychology, I show how a sense of the human-nature relationship is conveyed in the gestalt qualities of places and how this may give rise to a feeling of moral responsibility toward nature. I conclude that the experience of human and natural aspects of real places points toward a dialectical view of the human-nature relationship, in which humans can be seen as simultaneously "part of" and "apart from" nature. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Schroeder, HW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1033 Univ Pl,Suite 360, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM hschroeder@fs.fed.us NR 60 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-4944 J9 J ENVIRON PSYCHOL JI J. Environ. Psychol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 293 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.jenvp.2007.07.001 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Psychology GA 239HM UT WOS:000251509400004 ER PT J AU Moorman, CE Bowen, LT Kilgo, JC Sorenson, CE Hanula, JL Horn, S Ulyshen, MD AF Moorman, Christopher E. Bowen, Liessa T. Kilgo, John C. Sorenson, Clyde E. Hanula, James L. Horn, Scott Ulyshen, Mike D. TI Seasonal diets of insectivorous birds using canopy gaps in a bottomland forest SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arthropods; bird diets; Coleoptera; crop flushing; migration; postbreeding ID AVAILABILITY; WARBLERS; PREFERENCE; DIGESTION; ABUNDANCE; SELECTION; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR AB Little is known about how insectivorous bird diets are influenced by arthropod availability and about how these relationships vary seasonally. We captured birds in forest-canopy gaps and adjacent mature forest during 2001 and 2002 at the Savannah River Site in Barnwell County, South Carolina, and flushed their crops to gather information about arthropods eaten during four periods: spring migration, breeding, postbreeding, and fall migration. Arthropod availability for foliage- and ground-gleaning birds was examined by leaf clipping and pitfall trapping. Coleopterans and Hemipterans were used by foliage- and ground-gleaners more than expected during all periods, whereas arthropods in the orders Araneae and Hymenoptera were used as, or less than, expected based on availability during all periods. Ground-gleaning birds used Homopterans and Lepidopterans in proportions higher than availability during all periods. Arthropod use by birds was consistent from spring through fall migration, with no apparent seasonal shift in diet. Based on concurrent studies, heavily used orders of arthropods were equally abundant or slightly less abundant in canopy gaps than in the surrounding mature forest, but bird species were most frequently detected in gaps. Such results suggest that preferential feeding on arthropods by foliage-gleaning birds in gap habitats reduced arthropod densities or, alternatively, that bird use of gap and forest habitat was not determined by food resources. The abundance of arthropods across the stand may have allowed birds to remain in the densely vegetated gaps where thick cover provides protection from predators. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Moorman, CE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Campus Box 8003, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM chris_moorman@ncsu.edu NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00081.x PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 141CF UT WOS:000244553500002 ER PT J AU Guo, WC Nelson, SO Trabelsi, S Kays, SJ AF Guo, Wen-Chuan Nelson, Stuart O. Trabelsi, Sarnir Kays, Stanley J. TI 10-1800-MHz dielectric properties of fresh apples during storage SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE fresh apples; storage; dielectric properties; dielectric constant; dielectric loss factor; firmness; moisture content; soluble solids content; pH ID 1.8 GHZ; VEGETABLES; FRUITS; PERMITTIVITIES; TEMPERATURE; MHZ AB The dielectric properties of fresh apples of three cultivars were measured at 24 degrees C over 10 weeks in storage at 4 degrees C to determine whether these properties might be used to determine quality factors such as soluble solids content (SSC), firmness, moisture content and pH. The dielectric constants and dielectric loss factors at 51 frequencies from 10 to 1800 MHz were determined for external surface and interior tissue measurements along with moisture content, firmness, and SSC and pH of juice expelled from the internal tissues. Dielectric properties of the three apple cultivars are presented graphically for all frequencies, and correlations between the dielectric properties and measured quality factors are discussed. Although a high correlation was observed in a linear relationship between the dielectric constant divided by SSC and the dielectric loss factor divided by SSC in the complex plane, the SSC was not predicted well from that relationship, and no high correlations were found between the dielectric properties and SSC, moisture content, firmness, or pH. The dielectric constant and loss factor remained essentially constant during the 10-week storage period. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NW Agr & Forest Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. Russell Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. EM sonelson@qaru.ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 45 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 83 IS 4 BP 562 EP 569 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.04.009 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 215TH UT WOS:000249831400010 ER PT J AU Kniel, KE Shearer, AEH Cascarino, JL Wilkins, GC Jenkins, MC AF Kniel, Kalmia E. Shearer, Adrienne E. H. Cascarino, Jennifer L. Wilkins, Gary C. Jenkins, Mark C. TI High hydrostatic pressure and UV light treatment of produce contaminated with Eimeria acervulina as a Cyclospora cayetanensis surrogate SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID RASPBERRY RUBUS-IDAEUS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; PROTOZOAN PARASITES; INACTIVATION; TEMPERATURE; SPORULATION; VEGETABLES; SURVIVAL; OOCYSTS; BLUEBERRIES AB The prevalence, size, genome, and life cycle of Eimeria acervulina make this organism a good surrogate for Cyclospora cayetanensis, a protozoan that causes gastroenteritis in humans, including recent outbreaks in the United States and Canada associated with contaminated raspberries and basil. Laboratory studies of C. cayetanensis are difficult because of the lack of readily available oocysts and of infection models and assays. UV radiation and high-hydrostatic-pressure processing (HPP) are both safe technologies with potential for use on fresh produce. Raspberries and basil were inoculated with sporulated E. acervulina oocysts at high (10(6) oocysts) and low (10(4) oocysts) levels, and inoculated and control produce were treated with UV (up to 261 mW/cm(2)) or HPP (550 MPa at 40 degrees C for 2 min). Oocysts recovered from produce were fed to 3-week-old broiler chickens, which were scored for weight gain, oocyst shedding, and lesions at 6 days postinoculation. Oocysts exhibited enhanced excystation on raspberries but not on basil. Birds fed oocysts from UV-treated raspberries had reduced infection rates, which varied with oocyst inoculum level and UV intensity. Birds fed oocysts from UV-treated raspberries (10(4) oocysts) were asymptomatic but shed oocysts, and birds fed oocysts from UV-treated basil (10(4) oocysts) were asymptomatic and did not shed oocysts. Birds fed oocysts from HPP-treated raspberries and basil were asymptomatic and did not shed oocysts. These results suggest that UV radiation and HPP may be used to reduce the risk for cyclosporiasis infection associated with produce. Both treatments yielded healthy animals; however, HPP was more effective, as indicated by results for produce with higher contamination levels. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kniel, KE (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, 531 S Coll Ave,Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM kniel@udel.edu NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 70 IS 12 BP 2837 EP 2842 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 238XX UT WOS:000251482800019 PM 18095439 ER PT J AU Zhuang, H Savage, EM Kays, SE Himmelsbach, DS AF Zhuang, Hong Savage, Elizabeth M. Kays, Sandra E. Himmelsbach, David S. TI A survey of the quality of six retail brands of boneless, skinless chicken breast fillets obtained from retail supermarkets in the Athens, Georgia area SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MEAT QUALITY; SENSORY TENDERNESS; WARNER-BRATZLER; BROILER BREASTS; ALLO-KRAMER; TEXTURE; TENDERIZATION; STIMULATION; DURATION; CARCASS AB To assess the variation in quality of chicken breast fillets available from retail supermarkets, six brands of boneless, skinless fillets without additives were obtained from the fresh counter at grocery stores in Athens, GA, and the surrounding area during fall of 2005. The samples were stored at -20C and subsequently cooked using a Henny Penny MCS-6 combi oven (Henny Penny Corp., Eaton, OH). Quality parameters of the fillets were measured on the cooked chicken breast fillets including cook yield, descriptive sensory flavor and texture profiling, and Warner-Bratzler (WB) shear force. Our results show that the average cook yield ranged from 78.1 to 80.9%, the average intensity of individual descriptive sensory characteristics was less than 5.4 in a 0-15 universal scale, and WB shear force values were less than 5.2 kg. There were no significant differences in the intensity among brands of all flavor attributes and the texture characteristics associated with moisture. However, significant differences were found among the brands for cook yield, mechanical properties of texture (including springiness, cohesiveness, hardness and chewiness) and WB shear force values. The variation of WB shear force measurements (coefficient of variation) depended on brand. These results indicate that differences exist in the quality and shear force consistency among market brands of boneless, skinless chicken breast fillets available in Athens, GA, and the surrounding area. C1 USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Qual Assessment Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Zhuang, H (reprint author), USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Qual Assessment Res Unit, PO Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM hzhuang@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1068 EP 1082 PG 15 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 238FS UT WOS:000251433300014 ER PT J AU Kenefic, L AF Kenefic, Laura TI Rediscovering the magic SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Kenefic, L (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM lkenefic@fs.fed.us RI Kenefic, Laura/H-3177-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 105 IS 8 BP 426 EP 426 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 250WI UT WOS:000252331600011 ER PT J AU Machida, S Yamahata, N Watanuki, H Owens, RA Sano, T AF Machida, Satoru Yamahata, Naoki Watanuki, Hiromi Owens, Robert A. Sano, Teruo TI Successive accumulation of two size classes of viroid-specific small RNA in potato spindle tuber viroid-infected tomato plants SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHORT INTERFERING RNAS; MECHANISMS; EXPRESSION; PATHWAYS AB Like many plant RNA viruses, infection by potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is known to lead to RNA silencing and a marked reduction in visible disease. To examine the relationship between RNA silencing and this recovery phenomenon in greater detail, we have carried out time-course analyses of viroid-specific small RNA accumulation using several viroid-host combinations. These analyses revealed the presence of two size classes of viroid-specific; small RNAs in infected plants, and sequence analysis subsequently demonstrated the presence of a previously undescribed cluster of small RNAs derived primarily from negative-strand PSTVd RNA. Although the clustering patterns were similar, the size distribution of PSTVd small RNAs isolated from symptomatic leaf tissue became more heterogeneous with time. The process by which viroid-specific small RNAs are generated appears to be more complicated than previously believed, possibly involving multiple DICIER-LIKE activities, viroid RNA substrates and subcellular compartments. C1 [Machida, Satoru; Yamahata, Naoki; Watanuki, Hiromi; Sano, Teruo] Hirosaki Univ, Fac Agr & Life Sci, Plant Pathol Lab, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan. [Owens, Robert A.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sano, Teruo] Hirosaki Univ, Ctr Gene Res, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan. RP Sano, T (reprint author), Hirosaki Univ, Fac Agr & Life Sci, Plant Pathol Lab, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan. EM sano@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp NR 29 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 88 BP 3452 EP 3457 DI 10.1099/vir.0.83228-0 PN 12 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 240WS UT WOS:000251619500029 PM 18024916 ER PT J AU Masler, EP AF Masler, E. P. TI Responses of Heterodera glycines and Meloidogyne incognita to exogenously applied neuromodulators SO JOURNAL OF HELMINTHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEMATODE CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; D2-LIKE DOPAMINE-RECEPTOR; BIOGENIC-AMINE RECEPTORS; ASCARIS-SUUM; C-ELEGANS; RNA INTERFERENCE; PARASITIC NEMATODES; SEROTONIN; MUSCLE; 5-HT AB Biogenic amines regulate important behaviours in nematodes and are associated with pharyngeal activity in plant-parasitic nematodes. A robust behavioural assay based upon nematode body movements was developed to expand the study of these and other neuroregulators in plant-parasitic nematodes. Dopamine, octopamine and serotonin each had significant but differing effects on the behaviour of soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines and root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita juveniles. Body movement frequency was increased twofold in H. glycines by 5 mM dopamine (P = 0.0001), but decreased by 50 mM dopamine in H. glycines (88%) and M. incognita (53%) (P < 0.0001). Movement frequency in both species was increased by 50-70% (P < 0.0001) by 50 mM octopamine, and 5 mM octopamine increased M. incognita movement frequency more than twofold (P < 0.0001). Movement frequency in each species was reduced by more than 90% by 5 mM serotonin (P < 0.0001). While amplitude of body movement in H. glycines was unaffected by any amine, it was significantly reduced in M. incognita by all amines (P < 0.0006). Stylet pulsing frequencies in either species were unaffected by dopamine or octopamine, but 5 mM serotonin stimulated pulsing in H. glycines by nearly 13-fold (P < 0.0001) and in M. incognita by more than 14-fold (P < 0.0001). The invertebrate neuropeptide FLRFamide (N-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe) increased M. incognita body movement frequency 45% (P = 0.02) at 1 mM but did not affect stylet activity. Finally, H. glycines egg hatch was completely suppressed by 50 mM serotonin, and partially suppressed by 50 mM dopamine (75%; P < 0.0001) and 50 mM octopamine (55%; P < 0.0001). C1 USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Masler, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM maslere@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0022-149X J9 J HELMINTHOL JI J. Helminthol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 81 IS 4 BP 421 EP 427 DI 10.1017/S0022149X07850243 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 248KG UT WOS:000252151600015 PM 18005465 ER PT J AU Rudolph, DC Schaefer, RR Burgdorf, SJ Duran, M Conner, RN AF Rudolph, D. C. Schaefer, R. R. Burgdorf, S. J. Duran, M. Conner, R. N. TI Pine snake (Pituophis ruthveni and Pituophis melanoleucus lodingi) hibernacula SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BARRENS AB Snakes are often highly selective in the choice of sites for hibernation, and suitable sites can potentially be a limiting resource. Hibernating Louisiana Pine Snakes (Pituophis ruthveni; N = 7) in eastern Texas and Black Pine Snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus lodingi; N = 5) in Mississippi were excavated to characterize their hibernacula. Pituophis ruthveni hibernated exclusively in burrows of Baird's Pocket Gophers (Geomys breviceps), whereas P. in. lodingi hibernated exclusively in chambers formed by the decay and burning of pine stumps and roots. All snakes hibernated singly at shallow depths (P. ruthveni mean = 19 cm, max. = 25 cm; P. m. lodingi mean = 25 cm, max. = 35 cm). Pituophis taxa at higher latitudes and elevations hibernate communally and at greater depths. In contrast to Northern Pine Snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus), none of the pine snakes in our study excavated hibernacula beyond minimal enlargement of the preexisting chambers. These differences are presumably the result of mild winters, an abundance of suitable sites offering sufficient thermal insulation, and reduced predation risk caused by absence of communal hibernation in traditional sites. It is increasingly apparent that, throughout their annual cycle, pine snakes are dependent upon fire-maintained pine ecosystems. C1 [Rudolph, D. C.; Schaefer, R. R.; Burgdorf, S. J.; Conner, R. N.] Stephen F Austin State Univ, Coll Forestry, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. [Rudolph, D. C.; Schaefer, R. R.; Burgdorf, S. J.; Conner, R. N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. [Duran, M.] Nature Conservancy, Corpus Christi, TX 78418 USA. RP Rudolph, DC (reprint author), Stephen F Austin State Univ, Coll Forestry, 506 Hayter St, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. EM crudolph01@fs.fed.us NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 560 EP 565 DI 10.1670/06-235.1 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 242BY UT WOS:000251700700003 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Adams, T Bonta, JV AF Zhang, Yu Adams, Thomas Bonta, James V. TI Subpixel-scale rainfall variability and the effects on separation of radar and gauge rainfall errors SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VERIFICATION; VARIANCE AB This paper presents an extended error variance separation method (EEVS) that allows explicit partitioning of the variance of the errors in gauge- and radar-based representations of areal rainfall. The implementation of EEVS demonstrated in this study combines a kriging scheme for estimating areal rainfall from gauges with a sampling method for determining the correlation between the gauge- and radar-related errors. On the basis of this framework, this study examines scale- and pixel-dependent impacts of subpixel-scale rainfall variability on the perceived partitioning of error variance for four conterminous Hydrologic Rainfall Analysis Project ( HRAP) pixels in central Ohio with data from Next-Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) stage III product and from 11 collocated rain gauges as input. Application of EEVS for 1998-2001 yields proportional contribution of two error terms for July and October for each HRAP pixel and for two fictitious domains containing the gauges ( 4 and 8 km in size). The results illustrate the importance of considering subpixel variation of spatial correlation and how it varies with the size of domain size, number of gauges, and the subpixel locations of gauges. Further comparisons of error variance separation (EVS) and EEVS across pixels results suggest that accounting for structured variations in the spatial correlation under 8 km might be necessary for more accurate delineation of domain-dependent partitioning of error variance, and especially so for the summer months. C1 [Zhang, Yu] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Adams, Thomas] Natl Weather Serv, Ohio River Forecast Ctr, Wilmington, OH USA. [Bonta, James V.] USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM yu.zhang@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1348 EP 1363 DI 10.1175/2007JHM835.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 247QT UT WOS:000252095100010 ER PT J AU Ezeji, TC Qureshi, N Blaschek, HP AF Ezeji, Thaddeus C. Qureshi, Nasib Blaschek, Hans P. TI Production of acetone butanol (AB) from liquefied corn starch, a commercial substrate, using Clostridium beijerinckii coupled with product recovery by gas stripping SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ABE fermentation; liquefied cornstarch (LCS); saccharified liquefied cornstarch (SLCS); clostridium beijerinckii BA101; gas stripping ID ETHANOL ABE; FERMENTATION; BA101; PERVAPORATION; INHIBITION AB A potential industrial substrate (liquefied corn starch; LCS) has been employed for successful acetone butanol ethanol (ABE) production. Fermentation of LCS (60 g l(-1)) in a batch process resulted in the production of 18.4 g l(-1) ABE, comparable to glucose: yeast extract based medium (control experiment, 18.6 g l(-1) ABE). A batch fermentation of LCS integrated with product recovery resulted in 92% utilization of sugars present in the feed. When ABE was recovered by gas stripping (to relieve inhibition) from the fed-batch reactor fed with saccharified liquefied cornstarch (SLCS), 81.3 g l(-1) ABE was produced compared to 18.6 g l(-1) (control). In this integrated system, 225.8 g l(-1) SLCS sugar (487 % of control) was consumed. In the absence of product removal, it is not possible for C. beijerinckii BA101 to utilize more than 46 g l(-1) glucose. A combination of fermentation of this novel substrate (LCS) to butanol together with product recovery by gas stripping may economically benefit this fermentation. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Biotechnol & Bioengn Grp, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Ezeji, TC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Biotechnol & Bioengn Grp, 1207 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ezeji.1@osu.edu RI Ezeji, Thaddeus/D-7171-2015 OI Ezeji, Thaddeus/0000-0002-8384-895X NR 17 TC 84 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 32 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 34 IS 12 BP 771 EP 777 DI 10.1007/s10295-007-0253-1 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 232DS UT WOS:000250999100003 PM 17926074 ER PT J AU Campbell, JW Hanula, JL AF Campbell, Joshua W. Hanula, J. L. TI Efficiency of Malaise traps and colored pan traps for collecting flower visiting insects from three forested ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE pan trap; Malaise trap; pollinator; insect vision ID FLORAL COLORS; POLLINATORS; PREFERENCES; HYMENOPTERA; SWALLOWTAIL; BUTTERFLIES; DIVERSITY; SYRPHIDAE; DIPTERA; SYSTEMS AB Pan and Malaise traps have been used widely to sample insect abundance and diversity, but no studies have compared their performance for sampling pollinators in forested ecosystems. Malaise trap design and color of pan traps are important parameters that influence insect pollinator catches. We compared pan trap (blue, yellow, white, and red) and Malaise trap catches from forests in three physiographic provinces (Piedmont, Coastal Plain, and Blue Ridge) of the southeastern United States. Similarities in trap performance between sites were observed with blue pan traps being most effective overall. Our results showed that various pollinator groups preferred certain pan trap colors and that adding color to Malaise traps influenced insect pollinator catches. However, pan traps generally caught more pollinators than Malaise traps. Because of their low cost and simplicity, using several colors of pan traps is an effective way to sample relative abundance and species richness of flower-visiting insects. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Campbell, JW (reprint author), Shorter Coll, Sch Sci & Math, Rome, GA 30165 USA. EM jcampbell@shorter.edu NR 40 TC 65 Z9 73 U1 6 U2 69 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1366-638X J9 J INSECT CONSERV JI J. Insect Conserv. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 11 IS 4 BP 399 EP 408 DI 10.1007/s10841-006-9055-4 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA 225SV UT WOS:000250538700008 ER PT J AU Williams, L Roane, TM AF Williams, Livy, III Roane, Timberley M. TI Nutritional ecology of a parasitic response, metabolic ut wasp: Food source affects gustatory ilization, and survivorship SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; nectar; honeydew; anaphes iole; high-performance anion-exchange chromatography ID HONEYDEW SUGAR COMPOSITION; CULTURED ANAPHES-IOLE; LIFE-SPAN; HYMENOPTERAN PARASITOIDS; PSEUDACTEON-TRICUSPIS; SEARCHING BEHAVIOR; APHID PARASITOIDS; COTESIA-GLOMERATA; NUTRIENT LEVELS; PHORID FLY AB The success of biological control is partly mediated by the longevity and reproductive success of beneficial insects. Availability of nectar and honeydew can improve the nutrition of parasitic insects, and thereby increase their longevity and realized fecundity. The egg parasitoid, Anaphes iole, showed strong gustatory perception of trehalulose, a carbohydrate found in homopteran honeydew. Chromatographic analysis demonstrated that enzymatic hydrolysis of sucrose, a common nectar sugar, proceeded at a faster rate than that of melezitose, a sugar common in aphid honeydew. A long-term bioassay showed that longevity was greater at 20 degrees C than at 27 degrees C, and at both temperatures survival was generally greatest for wasps provisioned with the three major nectar sugars, sucrose, glucose, and fructose. Patterns of food acceptance and utilization showed that A. iole accepted and utilized a broad range of sugars found in nature, including those found in nectar as well as honeydew. Glucose, fructose, and several oligosaccharides composed of these monosaccharide units appear to be more suitable for A. iole than other sugars tested. Evidence suggests that individual fitness benefits afforded by food sources are important for a time-limited parasitoid, and that continued investigations on the interface between nutrition and biological control are warranted for A. iole. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. RP Williams, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM livyw@unr.edu NR 67 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 53 IS 12 BP 1262 EP 1275 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.06.017 PG 14 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 236WD UT WOS:000251333200007 PM 17706663 ER PT J AU Norris, HH Peterson, ME Stebbins, CC McConchie, BW Bundoc, VG Trivedi, S Hodges, MG Anthony, RM Urban, JF Long, EO Keane-Myers, AM AF Norris, Hillary H. Peterson, Mary E. Stebbins, Chris C. McConchie, Brittany W. Bundoc, Virgilio G. Trivedi, Shweta Hodges, Marcus G. Anthony, Robert M. Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Long, Eric O. Keane-Myers, Andrea M. TI Inhibitory receptor gp49B regulates eosinophil infiltration during allergic inflammation SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mouse asthma model; helminth ID NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; MAST-CELLS; AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN SUPERFAMILY; NEGATIVE REGULATION; ASTHMA; DISEASE; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; IL-13 AB gp49B, an Ig-like receptor, negatively regulates the activity of mast cells and neutrophils through cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs. To characterize the role of gp49B further in vivo, gp49B-deficient mice were tested in two allergic models. Responses to ragweed (RW) challenge in the lung and conjunctiva were assessed in models of allergic inflammation and during an infection with parasitic larvae of the nematode Ascaris suum. Infiltration by inflammatory cells into the lung during allergic responses was under negative control of the inhibitory receptor gp49B. Furthermore, an increase in conjunctival inflammation with a predominance of eosinophils, neutrophils, and degranulated mast cells was observed in RW-sensitized, gp49B-deficient mice, which had been challenged in the eye, as compared with C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) controls. Finally, an increase in allergic inflammation in the lungs of A. suum-infected, RW-sensitized mice was observed upon RW challenge, as compared with C57BL/6 WT controls. The observed influx of eosinophils into mucus membranes is characteristic of allergic asthma and allergic conjunctivitis and may contribute to airway hyper-responsiveness, airway remodeling, and mucus production. Expression of gp49B was detected on peripheral eosinophils of control mice and on eosinophils from lungs of mice treated with RW, suggesting a role for gp49B on eosinophils in dampening allergic inflammatory responses. C1 NIH, NIAAA, Immunogenet Lab, Rockville, MD USA. USDA, ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Keane-Myers, AM (reprint author), NIH, NIAAA, Lab Allerg Dis, Room 125,12441 Parklawn Dr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM akeane@niaid.nih.gov RI Long, Eric/G-5475-2011; OI Long, Eric/0000-0002-7793-3728; Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 55 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 82 IS 6 BP 1531 EP 1541 DI 10.1189/jlb.1106667 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA 235OI UT WOS:000251243800021 PM 17761953 ER PT J AU Santosa, S Demonty, I Lichtenstein, AH Ordovas, JM Jones, PJH AF Santosa, Sylvia Demonty, Isabelle Lichtenstein, Alice H. Ordovas, Jose M. Jones, Peter J. H. TI Single nucleotide polymorphisms in ABCG5 and ABCG8 are associated with changes in cholesterol metabolism during weight loss SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lipids; metabolism; genetics; mutations; women; overweight; obesity; hypercholesterolemic; diet; physical activity ID SERUM PLANT STEROLS; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS; DEUTERIUM UPTAKE; ABSORPTION; HUMANS; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; ATORVASTATIN AB The purpose of this study was to examine whether changes in cholesterol metabolism after weight loss were affected by single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) in ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes. Thirty-five hypercholesterolemic women lost 11.7 +/- 2.5 kg ( P < 0.001). Cholesterol kinetics were assessed using stable isotope techniques. TaqMan PCR was used to detect SNPs in ABCG5/G8. Homozygous Q604E variants in ABCG5 had larger (P < 0.05) reductions in cholesterol absorption and greater increases ( P, 0.05) in synthesis in contrast to heterozygous and homozygous wild-type carriers. Heterozygous C54Y carriers had smaller declines (P = 0.047) in synthesis compared with homozygous variant individuals. The presence of at least one Y54 variant was associated with higher (P = 0.042) post-weight-loss synthesis compared with carriers of the C54 genotype. The direction of the results is consistent with cross-sectional studies on the effects of Q604E and C54Y polymorphisms on plasma cholesterol. SNPs in ABCG5/G8 were found to be associated with the response of cholesterol metabolism to weight loss. The evidence for associations between SNPs in ABCG5/G8 and various parameters of cholesterol metabolism indicates the potential effectiveness of establishing genetic screening tools to determine optimal lipid-lowering treatment routes for individuals during weight reduction. C1 McGill Univ, Sch Dietet & Human Nutr, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dept Agr, Boston, MA USA. Univ Manitoba, Richardson Ctr Funct Foods & Nutraceut, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Jones, PJH (reprint author), McGill Univ, Sch Dietet & Human Nutr, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. EM peter_jones@umanitoba.ca OI Jones, Peter/0000-0001-5887-2846; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 42 TC 26 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 48 IS 12 BP 2607 EP 2613 DI 10.1194/jlr.M600452-JLR200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 232TD UT WOS:000251041500009 PM 17827468 ER PT J AU Innes, RJ Van Vuren, DH Kelt, DA Johnson, ML Wilson, JA Stine, PA AF Innes, Robin J. Van Vuren, Dirk H. Kelt, Douglas A. Johnson, Michael L. Wilson, James A. Stine, Peter A. TI Habitat associations of dusky-footed woodrats (Neotonia fuscipes) in mixed-conifer forest of the northern Sierra Nevada SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE dusky-footed woodrat; habitat association; house-site association; house use; Neotoma fuscipes; Quercus kelloggii; Sierra Nevada ID SPOTTED OWLS; HOME-RANGE; PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; SMALL MAMMALS; CALIFORNIA; POPULATION; ABUNDANCE; OREGON; SCALES AB Dusky-footed woodrats (Neotoma fuscipes) are important components of forest communities, including serving as a primary prey of the California spotted owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis), a species of concern in California. We examined habitat associations of the dusky-footed woodrat at 4 study sites in mixed-conifer forest of the northern Sierra Nevada, California, during 2003-2005. We investigated the importance of California black oak (Quercus kelloggii) as a macrohabitat component for woodrats, and we examined microhabitat association at 2 levels, house location and house use; by comparing house-site (n = 144) characteristics to random sites (n = 144) and characteristics of used and unused houses, respectively. Woodrat density was positively related to density of large (>= 33-cm-diameter at breast height) oaks, probably because large oaks are valuable food resources. Location of woodrat houses was strongly influenced by the presence of large (>= 30-cm-mean diameter) logs and large (>= 30-cm-diameter at root collar) stumps, but also by steeper slopes, and lack of bare ground and mat-forming shrub cover. We found little evidence that adult woodrats distinguished among houses with respect to microhabitat, suggesting that woodrats make decisions about microhabitat suitability when the house is built. In 2005, adults chose larger houses that were characterized by more logs and less poletimber than those of subadults, but we detected no such differences in 2004. Dusky-footed woodrats in the northern Sierra Nevada would benefit from management techniques that promote the growth and retention of large California black oaks and create large logs and stumps within a stand. C1 [Innes, Robin J.; Van Vuren, Dirk H.; Kelt, Douglas A.; Wilson, James A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Johnson, Michael L.] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Aquat Ecosyst Anal Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stine, Peter A.] USDA, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific SW Res Stat, Forest Serv, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Innes, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rjinnes@ucdavis.edu NR 75 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1523 EP 1531 DI 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-002R.1 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 244DN UT WOS:000251846300017 ER PT J AU Register, KB Nicholson, TL AF Register, Karen B. Nicholson, Tracy L. TI Misidentification of Bordetella bronchiseptica as Bordetella pertussis using a newly described real-time PCR targeting the pertactin gene SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTION; VARIANTS AB Recently, a real-time PCR (RT-PCR) assay based on sequence from the gene for pertactin was proposed for identification of Bordetella pertussis. Here, it is reported that the B. pertussis pertactin gene sequence for the region that encompasses the RT-PCR probe and primers is nearly identical to that of many Bordetella bronchiseptica strains of human and avian origin. Additionally, it is demonstrated that such strains are erroneously identified as B. pertussis using the RT-PCR assay. These data suggest that the use of the assay without confirmatory testing may result in erroneous identification of a significant proportion of human isolates of B. bronchiseptica as B. pertussis. C1 [Register, Karen B.; Nicholson, Tracy L.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Respirat Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Register, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Respirat Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM kregiste@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 56 IS 12 BP 1608 EP 1610 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.47511-0 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 243MU UT WOS:000251802800005 PM 18033827 ER PT J AU Kung, TA Egbejimi, O Cui, J Ha, NP Durgan, DJ Essop, MF Bray, MS Shaw, CA Hardin, PE Stanley, WC Young, ME AF Kung, Theodore A. Egbejimi, Oluwaseun Cui, Jiajia Ha, Ngan P. Durgan, David J. Essop, M. Faadiel Bray, Molly S. Shaw, Chad A. Hardin, Paul E. Stanley, William C. Young, Martin E. TI Rapid attenuation of circadian clock gene oscillations in the rat heart following ischemia-reperfusion SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chronobiology; gene expression; hypoxia; ischemia; metabolism ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR DEC1; BLOOD-PRESSURE; SHIFT WORKERS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; INCREASED RISK; FATTY-ACIDS; EXPRESSION; HYPOXIA; RHYTHMS AB The intracellular circadian clock consists of a series of transcriptional modulators that together allow the cell to perceive the time of day. Circadian clocks have been identified within various components of the cardiovascular system (e.g. cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells) and possess the potential to regulate numerous aspects of cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. The present study tested the hypothesis that ischemia/reperfusion (I/R; 30 min occlusion of the rat left main coronary artery in vivo) alters the circadian clock within the ischemic, versus non-ischemic, region of the heart. Left ventricular anterior (ischemic) and posterior (non-ischemic) regions were isolated from I/R, sham-operated, and naive rats over a 24-h period, after which mRNAs encoding for both circadian clock components and known clock-controlled genes were quantified. Circadian clock gene oscillations (i.e. peak-to-trough fold differences) were rapidly attenuated in the I/R, versus the non-ischemic, region. Consistent with decreased circadian clock output, we observe a rapid induction of E4BP4 in the ischemic region of the heart at both the mRNA and protein levels. In contrast with I/R, chronic (1 week) hypobaric chamber-induced hypoxia did not attenuate oscillations in circadian clock genes in either the left or right ventricle of the rat heart. In conclusion, these data show that in a rodent model of myocardial I/R, circadian clocks within the ischemic region become rapidly impaired, through a mechanism that appears to be independent of hypoxia. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Egbejimi, Oluwaseun; Ha, Ngan P.; Durgan, David J.; Bray, Molly S.; Young, Martin E.] USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kung, Theodore A.; Cui, Jiajia; Stanley, William C.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Essop, M. Faadiel; Hardin, Paul E.] Univ Cape Town, Fac Hlth Sci, Hatter Inst Cardiol Res, Cape Town, South Africa. [Shaw, Chad A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Human Mol Genet, Houston, TX USA. [Hardin, Paul E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX USA. [Stanley, William C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Young, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM meyoung@bcm.edu OI Shaw, Chad/0000-0001-7267-5398; Essop, Faadiel/0000-0002-8434-4294 FU FIC NIH HHS [R03 TW007344, TW 007344]; NHLBI NIH HHS [P01 HL074237, HL 074237, HL 074259, R01 HL074259, R01 HL074259-06] NR 33 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2828 EI 1095-8584 J9 J MOL CELL CARDIOL JI J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 744 EP 753 DI 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.08.018 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Cell Biology SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Cell Biology GA 245IR UT WOS:000251928800012 PM 17959196 ER PT J AU Krasnoff, SB Keresztes, I Gillilan, RE Szebenyi, DME Donzelli, BGG Churchill, ACL Gibson, DM AF Krasnoff, Stuart B. Keresztes, Ivan Gillilan, Richard E. Szebenyi, Doletha M. E. Donzelli, Bruno G. G. Churchill, Alice C. L. Gibson, Donna M. TI Serinocyclins A and B, cyclic heptapeptides from Metarhizium anisopliae SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID CULEX-PIPIENS DIPTERA; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; BIOSYNTHESIS; ELUCIDATION; DESTRUXINS; PEPTIDES; CYCLODEPSIPEPTIDES; ANTIBIOTICS; FUNGI; LARVA AB Two new cyclic heptapeptides, serinocyclins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Structures were elucidated by a combination of mass spectrometric, NMR, and X-ray diffraction techniques. Serinocyclin A (1) contains three serine units, a hydroxyproline (Hyp), a beta-alanine (beta-Ala), and two uncommon nonproteinogenic amino acids, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (Acc) and gamma-hydroxylysine (HyLys). The peptide sequence established for I by NMR is cyclo-(Acc-Hyp-Ser1-HyLys-beta-Ala-Ser2-Ser3). Serinocyclin B (2) has Lys in place of the HyLys unit found in 1. Chiral amino acid analysis indicated the presence in both compounds of one (2S,4R)-Hyp, two L-Ser, and one D-Ser residue. A Lys found in the hydrolyzate of 2 was established as D-configured. A crystal structure of 1 established the position of the D-Ser (Ser2) and the absolute configuration of the HyLys unit (2R,4S). The absence of methyl groups is unusual among fungal peptides and, along with the charged lysyl side chain and multiple hydroxyl groups, contributes to the polar nature of the compounds. Serinocyclin A produced a sublethal locomotory defect in mosquito larvae at an EC50 of 59 ppm. C1 [Krasnoff, Stuart B.; Donzelli, Bruno G. G.; Gibson, Donna M.] USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Keresztes, Ivan] Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gillilan, Richard E.; Szebenyi, Doletha M. E.] Cornell Univ, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Churchill, Alice C. L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Krasnoff, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM stuart.krasnoff@ARS.USDA.GOV FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR01646] NR 36 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 70 IS 12 BP 1919 EP 1924 DI 10.1021/np070407i PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 246ZK UT WOS:000252046700016 PM 18044842 ER PT J AU Starr, JL Koenning, SR Eirkpatrick, TL Robinson, AF Roberts, PA Nichols, RL AF Starr, J. L. Koenning, S. R. Eirkpatrick, T. L. Robinson, A. F. Roberts, P. A. Nichols, R. L. TI The future of nematode management in cotton SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the APS/SON CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP APS, SON ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; INCOGNITA RACE 3; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; ROTYLENCHULUS-RENIFORMIS; HOPLOLAIMUS-COLUMBUS; UPLAND COTTON; TRANSGRESSIVE SEGREGATION AB The importance of plant-parasitic nematodes as yield-limiting pathogens of cotton has received increased recognition and attention in the United States in the recent past. This paper summarizes the remarks made during a symposium of the same title that was held in July 2007 at the joint meeting of the Society of Nematologists and the American Phytopathological Society in San Diego, California. Although several cultural practices, including crop rotation, can be effective in Suppressing the populations of the important nematode pathogens of cotton, the economic realities of cotton production limit their use. The use of nematicides is also limited by issues of efficacy and economics. There is a need for development of chemistries that will address these limitations. Also needed are systems that would enable precise nematicide application in terms of rate and placement only in areas where nematode population densities warrant application. Substantial progress is being made in the identification, characterization and mapping of loci for resistance to Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchulus reniformis. These data will lead to efficient marker-assisted selection systems that will likely result in development and release of nematode-resistant cotton cultivars with superior yield potential and high fiber quality. C1 [Starr, J. L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Koenning, S. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Eirkpatrick, T. L.] SW Res & Extens Ctr, Hope, AR 71801 USA. [Robinson, A. F.] USDA ARS, F&B 2765, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Roberts, P. A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Nematol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Nichols, R. L.] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Starr, JL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM j-starr@tamu.edu NR 87 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4 BP 283 EP 294 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 283LI UT WOS:000254637300001 PM 19259500 ER PT J AU Porazinska, DL Pratt, PD Giblin-Davis, RM AF Porazinska, Dorota L. Pratt, Paul D. Giblin-Davis, Robin M. TI Consequences of Melaleuca quinquenervia invasion on soil nematodes in the Florida Everglades SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diversity; ecology; enemy release; exotic plant; Florida Everglades; invasive; Melaleuca quinquenervia; nematode community; nematode diversity; plant-soil feedback; soil chemistry ID EXOTIC PLANT INVASION; AMMOPHILA-ARENARIA; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; SOUTH FLORIDA; BIOTA; ECOSYSTEM; COMMUNITIES; FEEDBACK; GRASSLAND; PATHOGENS AB The tree Melaleuca quinquenervia invades all types of habitats of South Florida leading to tip to 80% loss of aboveground diversity. To examine impacts on the belowground ecosystem, we investigated the composition and diversity of nematodes from soils dominated by the invasive tree and compared them with soils supporting native plant communities at six locations across the Florida Everglades over three years. Despite the significant differences in soil type, hydrology, and native plant composition of the sites, there were consistent differences in nematode communities between soil environments under the native and invaded plant communities. The total abundance and diversity of nematodes in soils dominated by M. quinquenervia was 60% and 80% of adjacent soils under native plants. Fungal-feeding and plant-parasitic nematodes were twice as abundant under native plants as under M. quinquenervia. Nematode communities under M. quinquenervia were bacterivore-dominated, while under native vegetation plant-parasite dominated. The overall diversity of nematodes was 20% lower under the exotic than under native plants, with plant parasites being 36% and fungivores being 30% less diverse. Soil moisture, % of Ca, Mg, and clay particles and total soil C and N were greater in M. quinquenervia soils, but plant-available concentrations of P, K, Ca, and Mg as well as CEC were reduced. Overall, data suggests that the invasion process may modify soil biotic and abiotic conditions that in turn promote the advancement of the exotic M. quinquenervia and displacement of the native plants. C1 [Porazinska, Dorota L.; Giblin-Davis, Robin M.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Pratt, Paul D.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Porazinska, DL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM dorotalp@ufl.edu NR 52 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4 BP 305 EP 312 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 283LI UT WOS:000254637300004 PM 19259503 ER PT J AU Mojtahedi, H Boydston, RA Crosslin, JM Brown, CR Riga, E Anderson, TL Spellman, D Quick, RA AF Mojtahedi, H. Boydston, R. A. Crosslin, J. M. Brown, C. R. Riga, E. Anderson, T. L. Spellman, D. Quick, R. A. TI Establishing a corky ringspot disease plot for research purposes SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE method; Paratrichodorus allius; potato; Solanum tuberosum; tobacco rattle virus ID TOBACCO-RATTLE VIRUS; PARATRICHODORUS-ALLIUS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WEED HOSTS; POTATO; RESISTANT; ECOLOGY AB A method to establish two experimental corky ringspot disease (CRS) plots that had no prior CRS history is described. CRS is a serious disease of potato in the Pacific Northwest caused by tobacco rattle virus (TRV) and transmitted primarily by Paratrichodorus allius. 'Samsun NN' tobacco seedlings were inoculated with viruliferous P. allius in the greenhouse before they were transplanted into the field soil at the rate of 3,000 plus seedlings/ha. Care was taken to keep soil around plants in the greenhouse and transplants in the field moist to avoid vector mortality. The vector population in the soil of one of the fields was monitored by extraction, examination under microscope and bioassay on tobacco seedlings to ascertain that they were virus carriers. Presence of virus in tobacco bioassay plants was determined by visual symptoms on tobacco leaves and by testing leaves and roots using ELISA. Although TRV transmission was rapid, there was loss of infectivity in the first winter which necessitated a re-inoculation. After two years of planting infected tobacco seedlings, 100% of soil samples collected from this field contained viruliferous P. allius. In the second field, all five commercial potato cultivars, known to be susceptible, expressed symptoms of CRS disease indicating that the procedure was successful. C1 [Mojtahedi, H.; Boydston, R. A.; Crosslin, J. M.; Brown, C. R.; Anderson, T. L.; Spellman, D.; Quick, R. A.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Riga, E.] Washington State Univ, IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Mojtahedi, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM rick.boydston@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4 BP 313 EP 316 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 283LI UT WOS:000254637300005 PM 19259504 ER PT J AU Brito, JA Stanley, JD Kaur, R Cetintas, R Di Vito, M Thies, JA Dickson, DW AF Brito, J. A. Stanley, J. D. Kaur, R. Cetintas, R. Di Vito, M. Thies, J. A. Dickson, D. W. TI Effects of the Mi-1, N and Tabasco genes on infection and reproduction of Meloidogyne mayaguensis on tomato and pepper genotypes SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Capsicum annuum; bell pepper; resistance; root-knot nematodes; Solanum lycopersicum; sweet pepper ID NEMATODE RESISTANCE GENES; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES; CAPSICUM-ANNUUM-L; CHARLESTON BELLE; CAROLINA WONDER; TEMPERATURE; INCOGNITA; LINES; JAVANICA; FLORIDA AB Meloidogyne mayaguensis is a damaging root-knot nematode able to reproduce on root-knot nematode-resistant tomato and other economically important crops. In a growth chamber experiment conducted at 22 and 33 degrees C, isolate 1 of M. mayaguensis reproduced at both temperatures on the Mi-1-carrying tomato lines BHN 543 and BHN 585, Whereas M. incognita race 4 failed to reproduce at 22 degrees C, but reproduced well at 33 degrees C. These results were confirmed in another experiment at 26 +/- 1.8 degrees C, where minimal or no reproduction of M. incognita race 4 was observed on the Mi-1-carrying tomato genotypes BHN 543, BHN 585, BHN 586 and 'Sanibel', whereas heavy infection and reproduction of M mayaguensis isolate I Occurred on these four genotypes. Seven additional Florida M. mayaguensis isolates also reproduced on resistant 'Sanibel' tomato at 26 +/- 1.8 degrees C. Isolate 3 was the most Virulent, With reproduction factor (Rf) equal to 8.4, and isolate 8 was the least virulent (Rf = 2.1). At 24 degrees C, isolate 1 of M. mayaguensis also reproduced well (Rf >= 1) and induced numerous small galls and large egg masses on the roots of root-knot nematode-resistant bell pepper 'Charleston Belle' carrying the N gene and on three root-knot nematode-resistant sweet pepper lines (9913/2, SAIS 97.9001 and SAIS 97.9008) carrying the Tabasco gene. In contrast, M. incognita race 4 failed to reproduce or reproduced poorly on these resistant pepper genotypes. The ability of M. mayaguensis isolates to overcome the resistance of tomato and pepper genotypes carrying the Mi-1, N and Tabasco genes limits the use of resistant cultivars to manage this nematode species in infested tomato and pepper fields in Florida. C1 [Brito, J. A.; Stanley, J. D.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. [Kaur, R.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Cetintas, R.] Univ Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam, Dept Plant Protect, TR-46060 Kahramanmaras, Turkey. [Di Vito, M.] CNR, Inst Protez Piante, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Thies, J. A.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Brito, JA (reprint author), Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, POB 147100, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. EM britoj@doacs.state.fl.us NR 34 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4 BP 327 EP 332 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 283LI UT WOS:000254637300008 PM 19259507 ER PT J AU Butte, NF Puyau, MR Vohra, FA Adolph, AL Mehta, NR Zakeri, I AF Butte, Nancy F. Puyau, Maurice R. Vohra, Firoz A. Adolph, Anne L. Mehta, Nitesh R. Zakeri, Issa TI Body size, body composition, and metabolic profile explain higher energy expenditure in overweight children SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SYMPATHETIC-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; WEIGHT-GAIN; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; LONGITUDINAL CHANGES; PREPUBERTAL GIRLS; WHITE-CHILDREN; FAT OXIDATION; POPULATION; ADOLESCENTS; PATHOGENESIS AB Lower relative rates of energy expenditure (EE), increased energetic efficiency, and altered fuel utilization purportedly associated with obesity have not been demonstrated indisputably in overweight children. We hypothesized that differences in energy metabolism between nonoverweight and overweight children are attributable to differences in body size and composition, circulating thyroid hormones, sympathetic nervous system, and adrenomedullary activity. A total of 836 Hispanic children, 5-19 y old, participated in 24-h calorimetry, anthropometric, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements. Biochemistries were determined by standard techniques. Absolute total EE (TEE) and its components (sleep EE, basal EE, sedentary EE, cycling EE, walking EE, activity EE, nonexercising activity thermogenesis) were higher in overweight children (P = 0.001). Net mechanical energetic efficiency of cycling was lower in overweight children (P = 0.001). Adjusting for body size and composition accounted for differences in TEE, its components, and energetic efficiency. Net carbohydrate and fat utilization did not differ between groups. TEE was independently influenced by sex, Tanner stage, fat free mass, fat mass (FM), fasting serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), leptin, free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and 24-h urinary norepinephrine and epinephrine. Fat utilization was independently associated with age 2, sex, FM, fasting serum NEFA, triacylglycerol, adiponectin, leptin, total thyroxine, and free triiodothyronine. Higher EE in overweight children was largely explained by differences in body size and composition, with minor contributions of thyroid and sympathoadrenal systems. Alterations in EE, energetic efficiency, and substrate utilization were not evident in the overweight children. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM nbutte@bcm.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK59264] NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 137 IS 12 BP 2660 EP 2667 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 232BJ UT WOS:000250992800010 PM 18029480 ER PT J AU Wu, GY Collins, JK Perkins-Veazie, P Siddiq, M Dolan, KD Kelly, KA Heaps, CL Meininger, CJ AF Wu, Guoyao Collins, Julie K. Perkins-Veazie, Penelope Siddiq, Muhammad Dolan, Kirk D. Kelly, Katherine A. Heaps, Cristine L. Meininger, Cynthia J. TI Dietary supplementation with watermelon, pomace juice enhances arginine availability and ameliorates the metabolic syndrome in Zucker diabetic fatty rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHESIS; TETRAHYDROBIOPTERIN DEFICIENCY; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; BB RAT; PHARMACOKINETICS; HYPERGLYCEMIA; CONSUMPTION; ARTERIOLES; HUMANS; OBESE AB Watermelon is rich in L-Citrulline, an effective precursor of L-arginine. This study was conducted to determine whether dietary supplementation with watermelon pomace juice could ameliorate the metabolic syndrome in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat, an animal model of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Nine-week-old ZDF rats were assigned randomly to receive drinking water containing 0% (control) or 0.2% L-arginine (as 0.24% L-arginine-HCI), 63% watermelon pomace juice, 0.01 % lycopene, or 0.05% citrus pectin (n = 6 per treatment). At the end of the 4-wk supplementation period, blood samples, aortic rings, and hearts were obtained for biochemical and physiological analyses. Feed or energy intakes did not differ among the 5 groups of rats. However, dietary supplementation with watermelon pomace juice or L-arginine increased serum concentrations of arginine; reduced fat accretion; lowered serum concentrations of glucose, free fatty acids, homocysteine, and dimethylarginines; enhanced GTP cyclohydrolase-1 activity and tetrahydrobiopterin concentrations in the heart; and improved acetylcholine-induced vascular relaxation. Compared with the control, dietary supplementation with lycopene or citrus pectin did not affect any measured parameter. These results provide the first evidence to our knowledge for a beneficial effect of watermelon pomace juice as a functional food for increasing arginine availability, reducing serum concentrations of cardiovascular risk factors, improving glycemic control, and ameliorating vascular dysfunction in obese animals with type-II diabetes. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Fac Nutr, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Hlth Sci Ctr, Cardiovasc Res Inst, Dept Syst Biol & Translat Med, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, S Gen Agr Res Labs, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Physiol & Pharmacol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Wu, GY (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Fac Nutr, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM g-wu@tamu.edu NR 38 TC 87 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 137 IS 12 BP 2680 EP 2685 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 232BJ UT WOS:000250992800013 PM 18029483 ER PT J AU Li, N Jia, XD Chen, CYO Blumberg, JB Song, Y Zhang, WZ Zhang, XP Ma, GS Chen, JS AF Li, Ning Jia, Xudong Chen, C. Y. Oliver Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Song, Yan Zhang, Wenzhong Zhang, Xiaopeng Ma, Guansheng Chen, Junshi TI Almond consumption reduces oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in male smokers SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-E; BETA-CAROTENE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; CANCER PREVENTION; PLASMA-LIPIDS; ASCORBIC-ACID; FREE-RADICALS; LUNG-CANCER; COMET ASSAY AB Smoking increases the risk of several chronic diseases associated with elevated oxidative stress status. Almonds area good source of antioxidant nutrients and may diminish smoking-related biomarkers of oxidative stress. We investigated whether almond consumption decreases biomarkers of oxidative stress in young male smokers. We conducted a randomized, crossover clinical trial with 60 healthy male soldiers (18-25 y) who were habitual smokers (5-20 cigarettes/d) and supplemented their diet with 84 g almonds or 120 g pork (to control for calories) daily for 4 wk with a 4-wk washout period between treatment periods. In addition, 30 healthy nonsmoking men were provided the same daily serving of pork as reference comparison. Blood and urine were collected and assessed for biomarkers of oxidative stress. Baseline values of urinary 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and peripheral lymphocyte DNA strand breaks were significantly higher by 185, 64, and 97% in smokers than nonsmokers, whereas activities of plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and cartalase were significantly lower by 15, 10, and 9%, respectively. After the almond intervention, serum a-tocopherol, SOD, and GPX increased significantly in smokers by 10, 35, and 16%, respectively and 8-OHdG, MDA, and DNA strand breaks decreased significantly by 28, 34, and 23%. In smokers, after almond supplementation, the concentration of 8-OHdG remained significantly greater than in nonsmokers by 98%. These results suggest almond intake can enhance antioxidant defenses and diminish biomarkers of oxidative stress in smokers. C1 Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Nutr & Food Safety, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Meyer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Chen, JS (reprint author), Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Nutr & Food Safety, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. EM jshchen@ilsichina-fp.org NR 54 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 137 IS 12 BP 2717 EP 2722 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 232BJ UT WOS:000250992800019 PM 18029489 ER PT J AU Torres, OA Palencia, E de Pratdesaba, LL Grajeda, R Fuentes, M Speer, MC Merrill, AH O'Donnell, K Bacon, CW Glenn, AE Riley, RT AF Torres, Olga A. Palencia, Edwin de Pratdesaba, Ligia Lopez Grajeda, Ruben Fuentes, Mario Speer, Marcy C. Merrill, Alfred H., Jr. O'Donnell, Kerry Bacon, Charles W. Glenn, Anthony E. Riley, Ronald T. TI Estimated fumonisin exposure in Guatemala is greatest in consumers of lowland maize SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; GENE GENEALOGIES; IN-VIVO; CORN; TORTILLAS; MONILIFORME; TOXICITY; NUCLEAR; RISK AB Fumonisin mycotoxins contaminate maize worldwide. Analysis of maize samples (n = 396) collected from fields in Guatemala from 2000 to 2003 found that lowland maize (<360 m) had significantly more fumonisin B-1 than highland maize (>1200 m). For example, 78% of the lowland samples collected at harvest in 2002 contained >0.3 mu g/g of fumonisin B-1, whereas only 2% of the highland samples contained >0.3 mu g/g. Maize from the 2002 crop collected from storage in the highlands just before the 2003 harvest contained significantly more fumonisin B, compared with levels at harvest in 2002, All Fusarium-infected kernels analyzed from 9 random lowland locations in 2001 were infected with fumonisin-producing Fusarium verticillioides and no other Fusarium species, whereas in samples from the highlands, only 5% of the Fusarium-positive kernels were F. verticillioides. In 2005, maize samples (n = 236) from the 2004 crop were collected from local markets in 20 Departments across Guatemala. The analysis showed that maize from lowland locations was often highly contaminated with fumonisin and was frequently transported to and sold in highland markets. Thus, fumonisin exposure in the highlands will be greatest in groups that obtain their maize in the market place from commercial vendors. Based on a recall study and published consumption data, a preliminary assessment of daily intake of total fumonisins was estimated. Consumption of nixtamalized maize products made from >50% of the maize from commercial vendors in 2005 could result in exposure exceeding the recommended WHO provisional maximal tolerable daily intake. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Ctr Invest Nutr Salud, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala. Inst Nutr Cent Amer & Panama, Guatemala City 09001, Guatemala. Inst Agr Sci & Technol, Villa Nueva, Guatemala. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Sch Biol, Georgia Inst Technol, Petit Inst Bioengn & Biosci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Riley, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM ron.riley@ars.usda.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES11375, ES011961] NR 31 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 137 IS 12 BP 2723 EP 2729 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 232BJ UT WOS:000250992800020 PM 18029490 ER PT J AU Olney, DK Pollitt, E Kariger, PK Khalfan, SS Ali, NS Tielsch, JM Sazawal, S Black, R Mast, D Allen, LH Stoltzfus, RJ AF Olney, Deanna K. Pollitt, Ernesto Kariger, Patricia K. Khalfan, Sabra S. Ali, Nadra S. Tielsch, James M. Sazawal, Sunil Black, Robert Mast, Darrell Allen, Lindsay H. Stoltzfus, Rebecca J. TI Young zanzibari children with iron deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, stunting, or malaria have lower motor activity scores and spend less time in locomotion SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENT; UNDERNOURISHED CHILDREN; BEHAVIORAL-DEVELOPMENT; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; FOLIC-ACID; INFANTS; IMPACT; PERFORMANCE AB Motor activity improves cognitive and social-emotional development through a child's exploration of his or her physical and social environment. This study assessed anemia, iron deficiency, hemoglobin (Hb), length-for-age Z-score (LAZ), and malaria infection as predictors of motor activity in 771 children aged 5-19 mo. Trained observers conducted 2- to 4-h observations of children's motor activity in and around their homes. Binary logistic regression assessed the predictors of any locomotion. Children who did not locomote during the observation (nonmovers) were excluded from further analyses. Linear regression evaluated the predictors of total motor activity (TMA) and time spent in locomotion for all children who locomoted during the observation combined (movers) and then separately for crawlers and walkers. Iron deficiency (77.0%), anemia (58.9%), malaria infection (33.9%), and stunting (34.6%) were prevalent. Iron deficiency with and without anemia, Hb, LAZ, and malaria infection significantly predicted TMA and locomotion in all movers. Malaria infection significantly predicted less TMA and locomotion in crawlers. In walkers, iron deficiency anemia predicted less activity and locomotion, whereas higher Hb and LAZ significantly predicted more activity and locomotion, even after controlling for attained milestone. Improvements in iron status and growth and prevention or effective treatment of malaria may improve children's motor, cognitive, and social-emotional development either directly or through improvements in motor activity. However, the relative importance of these factors is dependent on motor development, with malaria being important for the younger, less developmentally advanced children and Hb and LAZ becoming important as children begin to attain walking skills. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Program Int & Community Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Pemba Publ Hlth Lab Ivo Carneri, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Olney, DK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Program Int & Community Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dkolney@ucdavis.edu OI Black, Robert/0000-0001-9926-7984 NR 44 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 137 IS 12 BP 2756 EP 2762 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 232BJ UT WOS:000250992800025 PM 18029495 ER PT J AU Li, P Burr, GS Gatlin, DM Hume, ME Patnaik, S Castille, FL Lawrence, AL AF Li, Peng Burr, Gary. S. Gatlin, Delbert M., III Hume, Michael E. Patnaik, Susmita Castille, Frank L. Lawrence, Addison L. TI Dietary supplementation of short-chdin fructooligosaccharides influences gastrointestinal microbiota composition and immunity characteristics of pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, cultured in a recirculating system SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PENAEUS-MONODON; INTESTINAL MICROFLORA; BACTERIAL-POPULATIONS; PROTEIN CATABOLITES; GEN. NOV.; PROBIOTICS; PREBIOTICS; AQUACULTURE; INFECTION AB Supplementation of prebiotic compounds, including short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) has been shown to confer benefits on nutrient utilization, growth, and disease resistance of various animal species through improved gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota. However, potential uses of prebiotics for shrimp have not been defined. A 6-wk feeding trial was conducted in a recirculating system to determine the effects of scFOS supplementation on growth performance, immune functions, and GI microbiota composition of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). scFOS was supplemented in a nutritionally complete diet (35% crude protein) at 0.025, 0.0500, 0.075, 0.100, 0.200, 0.400, and 0.800% by weight. After 6 wk of feeding, shrimp fed 0, 0.1, and 0.8% scFOS were sampled for assays of immune function and GI microbiota. Dietary supplementation of scFOS did not improve weight gain, feed conversion ratio, or survival of shrimp. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis suggested the intestinal tract microbial community from shrimp fed the basal diet was different from that of shrimp fed the scFOS diets [similarity coefficient (SC) = 74.9%)], although the intestinal tract microbial community from shrimp fed the scFOS-supplemented diets was very similar (SC = 92.3%). All the bacterial species contributing to the GI microbial differences were identified, although most of them are uncultured species. Both total hemocyte count and hemocyte respiratory burst increased (P < 0.05) by incremental dietary supplementation of scFOS (0-0.8%). This study is the first to our knowledge to show that dietary scFOS can selectively support growth of certain bacterial species in the GI tract of shrimp and enhance immunity, which may facilitate development of alternative strategies, including novel probiotics and synbiotics, for shrimp growth and health management. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn Shrimp Mariculture Project, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. RP Gatlin, DM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM d-gatlin@tamu.edu NR 49 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 137 IS 12 BP 2763 EP 2768 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 232BJ UT WOS:000250992800026 PM 18029496 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Milbury, PE Chung, SK Blumberg, J AF Chen, Chung-Yen Milbury, Paul E. Chung, Shin-Kyo Blumberg, Jeffrey TI Effect of almond skin polyphenolics and quercetin on human LDL and apolipoprotein B-100 oxidation and conformation SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE almonds; apolipoprotein B-100; laurdan; LDL; LDL-; tryptophan ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; INDUCED LIPID-PEROXIDATION; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ASCORBIC-ACID; SYNERGISTIC INHIBITION; ENHANCE HAMSTER; VITAMIN-C; IN-VITRO; COPPER; RESISTANCE AB Almond skin polyphenolics (ASP) and vitamin C (VC) or E (VE) inhibit the Cu2+-induced generation of conjugated dienes in human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in a synergistic manner. However, the mechanism(s) by which this synergy occurs is unknown. As modification of apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 is an early, critical step in LDL oxidation, we examined the effects of combining ASP or quercetin and antioxidant vitamins on the oxidation of this moiety as well as on the alteration of LDL conformation and electronegativity (LDL-). In a dose-dependent manner, ASP (0.12-2.0 mu mol/L gallic acid equivalents) decreased tryptophan (Trp) oxidation by 6.7-75.7%, increased the generalized polarity (Gp) of LDL by 21.0-81.5% at 90 min and reduced the ratio of LDL- to total LDL (tLDL) by 38.2-83.8% at 5 h. The actions of ASP on these parameters were generally additive to those of VC and VE. However, a 10-25% synergy of ASP plus VC in protecting apo B-100 Trp against oxidation may result from their synergistic interaction in prolonging the lag time to oxidation. ASP and VE acted in synergy to reduce LDL-/tLDL by 24-43%. Quercetin's actions were similar to ASP, though more effective at inhibiting Trp oxidation. Thus, ASP and quercetin reduce the oxidative modification of apo B-100 and stabilize LDL conformation in a dose-dependent manner, acting in an additive or synergistic fashion with VC and VE. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Chung-Yen; Milbury, Paul E.; Chung, Shin-Kyo; Blumberg, Jeffrey] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Chen, CY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM oliver.chen@tufts.edu NR 53 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 18 IS 12 BP 785 EP 794 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.12.015 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 242CJ UT WOS:000251701800003 PM 17475462 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Lopez-Torres, HY Sundar, N Velmurugan, GV Ajzenberg, D Kwok, OCH Hill, R Darde, ML Su, C AF Dubey, J. P. Lopez-Torres, H. Y. Sundar, N. Velmurugan, G. V. Ajzenberg, D. Kwok, O. C. H. Hill, R. Darde, M. L. Su, C. TI Mouse-virulent Toxoplasma gondii isolated from feral cats on mona Island, Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREE-RANGE CHICKENS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; SOUTH-AMERICA; SAO-PAULO; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; UNITED-STATES; BRAZIL; PREVALENCE AB Cats are essential in the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii because they are the only hosts that can excrete the environmentally resistant oocysts. Samples of serum, feces, and tissues from cats from Mona, a remote island off the coast of Puerto Rico, were examined for T gondii infection. Antibodies to T gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test and found in 16 of 19 (84.2%) of cats, with titers of 1:10 in 2, 1:80 in 1, 1:160 in 4, 1:320 in 3, and 1:1,280 or higher in 6. Tissues of 19 of the 20 cats were bioassayed in mice for T. gondii infection. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from tissues of 12 cats: from the hearts of 9, skeletal muscle of 10, and brain of I cat. All infected mice from 10 of 12 isolates died of acute toxoplasmosis during primary infection. Genotyping of these 12 T gondii isolates (designated (TgCatPr 1-12) by 10 multilocus PCR-RFLP markers, i.e., SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and an apicoplast marker Apico, and the 6 multilocus microsatellite markers TUB2, W35, TgM-A, B18, B17, and M33, revealed 7 genotypes; 5 isolates had Type I alleles at all loci except at 1 microsatellite locus, and the remainder were atypical. The latter isolates of T. gondii were different biologically and phenotypically from the feline isolates from the rest of the Americas. One isolate (TgCatPr 12) was a mixed infection with 2 genotypes. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Lopez-Torres, H. Y.; Sundar, N.; Velmurugan, G. V.; Ajzenberg, D.; Kwok, O. C. H.; Hill, R.; Darde, M. L.; Su, C.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 41 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 93 IS 6 BP 1365 EP 1369 DI 10.1645/GE-1409.1 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 255CC UT WOS:000252633300016 PM 18314681 ER PT J AU Hwang, YT Pitt, JA Quirk, TW Dubey, JP AF Hwang, Y. T. Pitt, J. A. Quirk, T. W. Dubey, J. P. TI Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in mesocarnivores of the Canadian prairies SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RACCOONS PROCYON-LOTOR; STRIPED SKUNKS; SEROLOGIC SURVEY; WILD MAMMALS; ANTIBODIES; PREVALENCE; IMMOBILIZATION; INFECTION; ILLINOIS; KANSAS AB The protozoon Toxoplasma gondii has a worldwide distribution and affects many species of warm-blooded animals. In the Canadian prairies, mesocarnivores such as striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) have experienced an increase in density and distribution, and they are in close contact with human dwellings. However, there has been no systematic study on the seroprevalence of T. gondii in these mesocarnivore populations. The objectives of the current project were to determine the serum antibody prevalence of T. gondii in Canadian prairie mesocarnivores and to study the relationship between antibody prevalence and species, sex, age, location, and year of collection. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 5 of 24 (20.8%) skunks from Saskatchewan trapped in 1999 and 5 of 40 (12.5%) in 2000. Seroprevalences for T. gondii in raccoons and skunks trapped in Manitoba were 2 of 10 (20%) raccoons trapped in 2002, 7 of 44 (15.9%) trapped in 2003, and 16 of 37 (43.2%) trapped in 2004; and in 13 of 99 (13.1%) skunks trapped in 2003, 29 of 131 (22.1%) trapped in 2004, 53 of 165 (32.1%) trapped in 2005, and 30 of 51 (58.8%) trapped in 2006. Age, location, and year, but not the host species, were important variables in the determining the seroprevalence of T. gondii in skunks and raccoons. Results confirm that T. gondii is endemic in the skunk and raccoon populations in the Canadian prairies. C1 [Hwang, Y. T.; Pitt, J. A.; Quirk, T. W.; Dubey, J. P.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E, Bldg 1001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 93 IS 6 BP 1370 EP 1373 DI 10.1645/GE-1319.1 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 255CC UT WOS:000252633300017 PM 18314682 ER PT J AU Meenakshi Sandhu, KS Ball, MS Kumar, H Sharma, S Sidhu, PK Sreekumar, C Dubey, JP AF Meenakshi Sandhu, K. S. Ball, M. S. Kumar, H. Sharma, S. Sidhu, P. K. Sreekumar, C. Dubey, J. P. TI Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum antibodies in cattle and water buffaloes in India SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; BUBALUS-BUBALIS; BOVINE NEOSPOROSIS; DEFINITIVE HOSTS; RISK-FACTORS; DAIRY HERDS; ABORTION; DOGS; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS AB cNeospora caninum is now recognized as a major cause of abortion in cattle worldwide, but there is no report of N. caninum infection in cattle in India. Serum samples from 427 dairy cattle and 32 dairy water buffaloes from 7 organized dairy farms located in Punjab, India, were tested for N. caninum antibodies using a commercial monoclonal antibody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibodies to N. caninum were found in 35 of 427 cattle from 6 of the 7 farms; 9.6% of cows, 5.1% of heifers, and 5.0% of calves were seropositive, suggesting postnatal transmission of N. caninum on the farm. Antibodies to N. caninum were found in 16 of 32 buffaloes tested from 2 dairy farms. In total, 64 cattle and 16 buffalo sera already tested by ELISA were also evaluated by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) to verify ELISA results. Of the 64 cattle samples, 29 sera were negative by both tests and of the 35 ELISA-positive sera, 12 had IFAT titers of 1: 100 or higher (I had IFAT titer of 100, 2 had IFAT titer of 200, and 9 had IFAT titers of 400 or higher). Of the 16 buffalo sera positive by ELISA, I had an IFAT titer of 1:400. Thus, antibodies to N. caninum were demonstrated in cattle sera by 2 serologic methods. To our knowledge this is the first report of N. caninum infection in cattle and buffaloes in India. C1 [Meenakshi; Sandhu, K. S.; Ball, M. S.; Kumar, H.; Sharma, S.; Sidhu, P. K.; Sreekumar, C.; Dubey, J. P.] Guru Angad Dev Vet & Anim Sci Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Vet Med, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 93 IS 6 BP 1374 EP 1377 DI 10.1645/GE-1317.1 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 255CC UT WOS:000252633300018 PM 18314683 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Sundar, N Nolden, CA Samuel, MD Velmurugan, GV Bandini, LA Kwok, OCH Bodenstein, B Su, C AF Dubey, J. P. Sundar, N. Nolden, C. A. Samuel, M. D. Velmurugan, G. V. Bandini, L. A. Kwok, O. C. H. Bodenstein, B. Su, C. TI Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from raccoons (Procyon lotor), coyotes (Canis latrans), and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in Wisconsin identified several atypical genotypes SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; FREE-RANGE CHICKENS; SEA OTTERS; WILD MAMMALS; SWINE FARMS; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; SEROPREVALENCE; TRANSMISSION AB During 2005-2006, sera and tissues from raccoons (Procyon lotor), coyotes (Canis latrans), and skunks (Mephitis mephitis) from the state of Wisconsin were tested for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 32 of 54 (59.2%) raccoons, 18 of 35 (51.4%) coyotes, and 5 of 7 (71.4%) skunks using the modified agglutination test and a cut-off titer of 1:20. Pooled tissues (brains, hearts, and tongues) from 30 raccoons, 15 coyotes, and 1 skunk were bioassayed for T. gondii infection in mice or cats. Viable T. gondii was isolated from 5 of 30 (16.7%) raccoons, 6 of 15 (40.0%) coyotes, and the skunk. Genetic characterization of the 12 parasite isolates by multilocus PCR-RFLP markers revealed 6 different genotypes including 5 atypical and 1 archetypal II lineages. The results indicate the prevalence of T gondii in wildlife mammals is high and that these animals may serve as an important reservoir for transmission of T gondii. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Sundar, N.; Nolden, C. A.; Samuel, M. D.; Velmurugan, G. V.; Bandini, L. A.; Kwok, O. C. H.; Bodenstein, B.; Su, C.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Nolden, C. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Samuel, M. D.] Univ Wisconsin, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bodenstein, B.] USDA, Anim Hlth Plant Inspect Serv, Sun Prairie, WI 53590 USA. [Su, C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 NR 33 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 93 IS 6 BP 1524 EP 1527 DI 10.1645/GE-1245.1 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 255CC UT WOS:000252633300040 PM 18314705 ER PT J AU Griffin, IJ Cooke, RJ AF Griffin, Ian J. Cooke, Richard J. TI Nutrition of preterm infants after hospital discharge SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE preterm infants; growth; nutrition; catch-up growth ID NUTRIENT-ENRICHED FORMULA; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; BODY-COMPOSITION; ESPGHAN-COMMITTEE; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; HUMAN-MILK; GROWTH; TERM; AGE AB Growth failure in preterm infants remains extremely common despite advances in neonatal care. Many, or even a majority, leave the hospital with weights below the 10th centile for age. Because of this, the possibility of nutritional interventions to improve postdischarge growth has been considered. A variety of interventions have been tested in randomized controlled trials in formula-fed infants. Although the studies vary in design and in the intervention used, on balance the evidence supports the use of fortified formulas in formula-fed preterm infants after hospital discharge. Specially designed postdischarge formulas and preterm infant formulas seem equally efficacious. The situation for infants fed human milk is much less clear. Although the postdischarge growth in human milk-fed infants is not as good as in formula-fed infants, no interventions have been examined in human milk-fed infants in a randomized study, to our knowledge. We are unaware of any evidence that any of the commonly proposed nutritional interventions in human milk-fed infants after hospital discharge are either safe or efficacious. In the absence of such evidence, it seems prudent to avoid untested interventions in this population and to concentrate our efforts on the encouragement of breast-feeding after hospital discharge. C1 [Griffin, Ian J.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Cooke, Richard J.] Univ Calif Davis, Sect Neonatal, Davis, CA USA. RP Griffin, IJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM igriffin@bcm.tmc.edu NR 33 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 45 SU 3 BP S195 EP S203 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 247NT UT WOS:000252087300015 PM 18185092 ER PT J AU Evens, T Niedz, R Kirkpatrick, G AF Evens, T. Niedz, R. Kirkpatrick, G. TI Temperature and irradiance impacts on the growth, pigmentation and photosystem II quantum yields of Haematococcus pluvialis (chlorophyceae) SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Evens, T.; Niedz, R.] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Evens, T.; Kirkpatrick, G.] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 SU 1 MA 127 BP 39 EP 40 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 266YN UT WOS:000253474200128 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, EA Mazzola, M Cohen, MF AF Yamamoto, E. A. Mazzola, M. Cohen, M. F. TI Characterization of a mycophagous amoeba-flagellate isolated from a Phytophthora ramorum-infected lesion of California bay Laurel SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yamamoto, E. A.; Cohen, M. F.] Sonoma State Univ, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Mazzola, M.] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 SU 1 MA 172 BP 53 EP 53 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 266YN UT WOS:000253474200173 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Santin, M Trout, J AF Fayer, R. Santin, M. Trout, J. TI A two-year longitudinal study of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in dairy cattle SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fayer, R.; Santin, M.; Trout, J.] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 SU 1 MA 178 BP 55 EP 55 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 266YN UT WOS:000253474200179 ER PT J AU Ristic, Z Momcilovic, I Fu, JM Callegaric, E DeRidder, BP AF Ristic, Zoran Momcilovic, Ivana Fu, Jianming Callegaric, Eduardo DeRidder, Benjamin P. TI Chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor, EF-Tu, reduces thermal aggregation of rubisco activase SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chaperones; chloroplast EF-Tu; heat tolerance; protein aggregation; rubisco activase ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; CHAPERONE PROPERTIES; ENDOGENOUS LEVELS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ABSCISIC-ACID; 2 ISOFORMS; MAIZE; STRESS; SENSITIVITY; MEMBRANES AB Chloroplast protein synthesis etongation factor, EF-Tu, has been implicated in heat tolerance in maize. The recombinant precursor of this protein, pre-EF-Tu, has been found to exhibit chaperone activity and protect heat-labile proteins, such as citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase, from thermal aggregation. Chloroplast EF-Tu is highly conserved and it is possible that the chaperone activity of this protein is not species-specific. In this study, we investigated the effect of native wheat pre-EF-Tu on thermal aggregation of rubisco activase. Additionally, we investigated the effect of native and recombinant maize pre-EF-Tu on activase aggregation. Activase was chosen because it displays an exceptional sensitivity to thermal aggregation and constrains photosynthesis at high temperature. The native precursors of both wheat and maize EF-Tu displayed chaperone activity, as shown by the capacity of both proteins to reduce thermal aggregation of rubisco activase in vitro. Similarly, the recombinant maize pre-EF-Tu protected activase from thermal aggregation. This is the first report on chaperone activity of native pre-EF-Tu and the first evidence for thermal protection of a photosynthetic enzyme by this putative chaperone. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that chloroplast EF-Tu plays a functional rote in heat tolerance by acting as a molecular chaperone. (C) 2007 Elsevier GrnbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Ristic, Zoran] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Momcilovic, Ivana; Fu, Jianming] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Callegaric, Eduardo] Univ S Dakota, Sch Med, Div Basic Biomed Sci, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. [DeRidder, Benjamin P.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Ristic, Z (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM zoran.ristic@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 44 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 164 IS 12 BP 1564 EP 1571 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2007.07.008 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 241LJ UT WOS:000251657600002 PM 17766005 ER PT J AU Ishimaru, M Smith, DL Gross, KC Kobayashi, S AF Ishimaru, Megumi Smith, David L. Gross, Kenneth C. Kobayashi, Shozo TI Expression of three expansin genes during development and maturation of Kyoho grape berries SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE expansin; gene expression; grape berry; veraison; softening ID CELL-WALL EXTENSION; TOMATO FRUIT; XYLOGLUCAN ENDOTRANSGLYCOSYLASE; POLYURONIDE DEGRADATION; POLYGALACTURONASE GENE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; MULTIGENE FAMILY; STRAWBERRY FRUIT; GROWTH; PROTEINS AB Expansins are cell-wall-localized proteins that induce Loosening of isolated plant cell walls in vitro in a pH-dependent manner, but exhibit no detectable hydrolase or transglycosylase activity. Three putative expansin cDNAs, Vlexp1, Vlexp2, and Vlexp3 were isolated from a cDNA library made from mature berries of the Kyoho grape. Expression profiles of the 3 genes were analyzed throughout berry development. Accumulation of the Vlexp3 transcript was closely correlated with berry softening, and expression of this gene was detected before veraison and markedly increased at veraison (onset of berry softening). Expression of Vlexp3 was berry-specific. Vlexp1 and Vlexp2 mRNA accumulation began during the expansion stage of berry development and expression increased for both genes during ripening. Vlexp1 and Vlexp2 mRNA was detected in Leaf, tendril and flower tissues and Vlexp2 mRNA was additionally detected in root and seed tissues. These findings suggest that the three expansin genes are associated with cell division or expansion and berry ripening. Vlexp3, in particular, is most likely to play a rote in grape berry softening at veraison. (C) 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Ishimaru, Megumi] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Agr & Biol Sci, Osaka 5998531, Japan. [Smith, David L.; Gross, Kenneth C.] USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kobayashi, Shozo] Natl Inst Fruit Tree Sci, Dept Grape & Persimmon Res, Hiroshima 7292494, Japan. RP Ishimaru, M (reprint author), Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Agr & Biol Sci, Osaka 5998531, Japan. EM m_ishima@plant.osakafu-u.ac.jp NR 34 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 164 IS 12 BP 1675 EP 1682 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2006.07.017 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 241LJ UT WOS:000251657600013 PM 17175064 ER PT J AU Seal, BS Hiett, KL Kuntz, RL Woolsey, R Schegg, KM Ard, M Stintzi, A AF Seal, Bruce S. Hiett, Kelli L. Kuntz, Robin L. Woolsey, Rebekah Schegg, Kathleen M. Ard, Mary Stintzi, Alain TI Proteomic analyses of a robust versus a poor chicken gastrointestinal colonizing isolate of Campylobacter jejuni SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE epsilon-proteobacteria; zoonotic disease agent; food safety; commensal intestinal bacteria of chickens; phenotypic variation; colonization factors ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; POULTRY PRODUCTION; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE; BIOFILM FORMATION; IRON ACQUISITION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BROILER-CHICKENS; BINDING-PROTEIN; FLAGELLIN GENES AB Campylobacter spp. are a significant contributor to the bacterial etiology of acute gastroenteritis in humans. Epidemiological evidence implicates poultry as a major source of the organism for human illness. However, the factors involved in colonization of poultry with Campylobacter spp. remain unclear. Determining colonization-associated factors at the proteome level should facilitate our understanding of Campylobacter spp. contamination of poultry. Therefore, proteomic analyses were utilized to identify expression differences between two Campylobacter jejuni isolates, a robust colonizer A74/C and a poor colonizing strain of the chicken gastrointestinal system designated NCTC 11168-PMSRU. Proteomic analyses by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed the specific expression of an outer membrane-fibronectin binding protein, serine protease, and a putative aminopeptidase in the soluble portion of the robust colonizer A74C. Several proteins including a cysteine synthase and aconitate hydratase were detected specifically in the poor colonizer C. jejuni NCTC 11168-PMSRU isolate. Variation in the amino acid sequences resulting in different isoelectric points and relative mobility of the flagellin and C. jejuni major outer membrane (MOMP) protein were also detected between the two isolates. Western blotting of the bacterial proteins revealed the presence of two flagellin proteins in the poor colonizer versus one in the robust colonizing isolate, but no differences in MOMP. The results demonstrated that proteomics is useful for characterizing phenotypic variation among Campylobacter spp. isolates. Interestingly, different gene products potentially involved in robust colonization of chickens by Campylobacter spp. appear to conform to recently identified expression patterns in Biofilm or agar-adapted isolates. C1 [Seal, Bruce S.; Hiett, Kelli L.; Kuntz, Robin L.] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Woolsey, Rebekah; Schegg, Kathleen M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Reno MS 200, Nevada Proteom Ctr, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Ard, Mary] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Electron Microscopy Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Stintzi, Alain] Univ Ottawa, Fac Med, Dept Biochem Microbiol & Immunol, Ottawa Inst Syst Biol, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. RP Seal, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM bruce.seal@ars.usda.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR16464]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI055612] NR 100 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 6 IS 12 BP 4582 EP 4591 DI 10.1021/pr070356a PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 239VK UT WOS:000251546200006 PM 17973442 ER PT J AU Van Loan, MD AF Van Loan, Marta D. TI Do hand-held calorimeters provide reliable and accurate estimates of resting metabolic rate? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE indirect calorimetry; methods; reliability; validity; portable instrument ID ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; DEVICE; VALIDATION AB This paper provides an overview of a new technique for indirect calorimetry and the assessment of resting metabolic rate. Information from the research literature includes findings on the reliability and validity of a new hand-held indirect calorimeter as well as use in clinical and field settings. Research findings to date are of mixed results. The MedGem instrument has provided more consistent results when compared to the Douglas bag method of measuring metabolic rate. The BodyGem instrument has been shown to be less accurate when compared to standard metabolic carts. Furthermore, when the Body Gem has been used with clinical patients or with under nourished individuals the results have not been acceptable. Overall, there is not a large enough body of evidence to definitively support the use of these hand-held devices for assessment of metabolic rate in a wide variety of clinical or research environments. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Van Loan, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM marta.vanloan@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER COLLEGE NUTRITION PI CLEARWATER PA 300 SOUTH DUNCAN AVENUE, STE 225, CLEARWATER, FL 33755 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 26 IS 6 BP 625 EP 629 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 251KV UT WOS:000252373200001 PM 18187425 ER PT J AU Pennington, JAT Stumbo, PJ Murphy, SP Mcnutt, SW Eldridge, AL McCabe-Sellers, BJ Chenard, CA AF Pennington, Jean A. T. Stumbo, Phyllis J. Murphy, Suzanne P. Mcnutt, Suzanne W. Eldridge, Alison L. McCabe-Sellers, Beverly J. Chenard, Catherine A. TI Food composition data: The foundation of dietetic practice and research SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID NUTRIENT DATA-BASES; COMPOSITION DATABASES; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; NIH OFFICE; NUTRITION; SYSTEM; SOFTWARE; VALUES; RESTAURANTS; VEGETABLES AB Food composition databases and dietary assessment systems are important tools for food and nutrition professionals. The availability and accessibility of data have improved over time along with the technology to convert the information into useful formats for planning diets, writing educational materials, counseling patients, and conducting research. Primary sources of food composition data include government, academic, and other institutional databases; the food industry; and scientific literature. Changes in the marketplace affect food availability and composition and affect the accuracy and adequacy of food composition databases. Improvements in both food composition data and in dietary assessment methods have worked synergistically to improve estimates of dietary intake. The development of databases for food frequency assessment systems requires special considerations for data aggregation for each food or food grouping in the questionnaires. Considerations for selecting a dietary assessment system include appropriateness of the data for the intended audience or purpose, efficiency of the search strategy for retrieving data, content and format of summary information, and cost. Needs for food composition data vary depending on dietetic practice area; however, most food and nutrition professionals will benefit from becoming more informed about food composition data, exploring new ways to educate themselves about databases and database systems, and advocating for what is most needed in dietetic practice. C1 [Pennington, Jean A. T.] Natl Inst Hlth, Div Nutr Res Coordinat, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Stumbo, Phyllis J.; Chenard, Catherine A.] Univ Iowa, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Iowa City, IA USA. [Murphy, Suzanne P.] Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Mcnutt, Suzanne W.] Westat Corp, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Eldridge, Alison L.] Gen Mills Bell Inst Hlth & Nutr, Div Nutr Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA. [McCabe-Sellers, Beverly J.] USDA ARS, Lower Mississippi Delta Nutr Intervent Res Initia, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Pennington, JAT (reprint author), Natl Inst Hlth, Div Nutr Res Coordinat, 6707 Democracy Blvd,Room 629, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM Jpl57d@nih.gov NR 87 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 107 IS 12 BP 2105 EP 2113 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2007.09.004 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 239ZY UT WOS:000251558000013 PM 18060896 ER PT J AU Aldema, ML Latona, RJ Marmer, WN AF Aldema, M. L. Latona, R. J. Marmer, W. N. TI Monitoring of available decorin in different parts of bovine hide during its processing into leather SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PROTEOGLYCAN; BEAMHOUSE; CORE AB During conversion of hides into leather, some hide constituents undergo changes and removal. Among those are decorin, biglycan, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (SGAG) and collagen. Properly monitoring the removal of the predominant and best understood proteoglycan of skin, decorin, was the focus of this work. An ELISA method was improved by dialyzing the guanidine approximate to HCl-extracted proteins in the presence of collagenase, allowing us to obtain a more manageable sample with uniform background and in turn more reliable analytical data. ELISA results on the depletion of decorin in intact hide samples were evaluated and compared among the different parts of bovine hide before and after dialysis. There was a clear difference between undialyzed and dialyzed samples of raw intact hide, whereas after the tanning treatments, the available decorin content was significantly the same from different parts. The amount of decorin that was removed from each area of the hide (shoulder > butt > belly), after processing them using the standard USDA tanning procedure, was directly proportional to the initial amounts. The final available decorin remaining per gram of intact hide in leather (bated samples) was significantly the same in all parts. Based on the dialyzed samples, there was about a 70-78% reduction of available decorin content from raw hide to bated hide samples compared to -90% in undialyzed samples. The results followed more closely the trend of the SGAG (carbohydrate part of decorin) content determination previously reported by this group, where about a 75% drop was observed from the initial available SGAG content in raw hide to bated hide samples. C1 [Aldema, M. L.; Latona, R. J.; Marmer, W. N.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Regional Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Aldema, ML (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Regional Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mila.ramos@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOC PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 102 IS 12 BP 404 EP 407 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 240MZ UT WOS:000251593000003 ER PT J AU Clark, GG Rubio-Palis, Y AF Clark, Gary G. Rubio-Palis, Yasmin TI Mosquito vector control and biology in Latin America - A 17th symposium SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE mosquitoes; dengue; malaria; Venezuelan equine encephalitis; west nile virus; mosquito control; bionomics; Aedes; Anopheles; Culex; Lutzomyia; Simulium ID ABSTRACTS AB The 17th Annual Latin American symposium presented by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) was held as part of the 73rd Annual Meeting in Orlando, FL, in April 2007. The principal objective, as for the previous 16 symposia, was to promote participation in the AMCA by vector control specialists, public health workers, and academicians from Latin America. This publication includes summaries of 57 presentations that were given orally in Spanish or presented as posters by participants from 6 countries in Latin America, Puerto Rico, and the USA. Topics addressed in the symposium included results from chemical and biological control programs and studies; studies of insecticide resistance; and population genetics, molecular, ecological, and behavioral studies of vectors of dengue (Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus), Venezuelan equine encephalitis (Culex spp.), West Nile viruses (Cx. nigripalpus and Cx. quinquefasciatus), malaria (Anopheles spp.), leishmaniasis (Lutzomyia), and onchocerciasis (Simulium). C1 [Clark, Gary G.] USDA ARS, CMAVE, Mosquito & Fly Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Rubio-Palis, Yasmin] Minist Salud, Maracay, Venezuela. RP Clark, GG (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, Mosquito & Fly Res Unit, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 449 EP 470 DI 10.2987/5684.1 PG 22 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 243YH UT WOS:000251832700010 ER PT J AU Cooperband, MF Clark, GG Spears, BM Allan, SA AF Cooperband, Miriam F. Clark, Gary G. Spears, Brian M. Allan, Sandra A. TI A cylindrical, collapsible, and economical field cage for mosquito research SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE mosquito; insect cage; collapsible; ULV; field ID ADULT MOSQUITOS; ULV; AEROSOL AB A new cage was designed to study caged mosquitoes in ultra-low volume insecticide spray studies in the field. Insecticide droplets may enter the cage from any direction because all surfaces are mesh. Cages can be collapsed in seconds, and reassembly is quick and simple. A 26-cm-diam cage can be constructed for less than US$6.00. C1 [Cooperband, Miriam F.; Clark, Gary G.; Allan, Sandra A.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Spears, Brian M.] Youngstown Air Reserve Stn, Vienna, OH 44473 USA. RP Cooperband, MF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 484 EP 487 DI 10.2987/5624.1 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 243YH UT WOS:000251832700016 PM 18240526 ER PT J AU Rochlin, I Santoriello, MP Mayer, RT Campbell, SR AF Rochlin, Ilia Santoriello, Michael P. Mayer, Richard T. Campbell, Scott R. TI Improved high-throughput method for molecular identification of Culex mosquitoes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Culex; mosquitoes; multiplex polymerase chain reaction; species identification; surveillance ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; NEW-YORK; REACTION ASSAY; RIBOSOMAL DNA; PIPIENS COMPLEX; UNITED-STATES; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; INFECTION AB Culex pipiens, Cx. restuans, and Cx. salinarius play important and most likely different roles in transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) in the northeastern United States. While Cx. pipiens and Cx. restuans are considered the main enzootic vectors of WNV, Cx. salinarius may be involved in epizootic cycles due to its broader host preferences. Accurate morphological identification of field-collected Culex specimens may be difficult, and therefore the New York State Department of Health arbovirus surveillance program allows combined Cx. pipiens and Cx. restuans pools to be tested for WNV. We have developed a modified and improved DNA isolation protocol using proteinase K digestion without traditional mosquito trituration and nucleic acid extraction to permit high-throughput screening of a large number of Culex specimens for species identification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This method utilizes a 96-well-plate format and a novel I-step crude extraction procedure using proteinase K to obtain genomic DNA template from I mosquito leg in sufficient quantity for at least 2 standard 50-mu l PCR reactions. Proteinase K digestion of legs from individual Culex mosquitoes was performed and used for PCR amplification with previously described species-specific ribosomal DNA primers. Using these rDNA primers, our modified proteinase K method Successfully identified 91% to 100% of the Culex samples. C1 [Rochlin, Ilia; Santoriello, Michael P.; Campbell, Scott R.] Suffolk Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Arthropod Borne Dis Lab, Yaphank, NY 11980 USA. [Mayer, Richard T.] USDA ARS, Coll Agr, Dept 3354, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Campbell, SR (reprint author), Suffolk Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Arthropod Borne Dis Lab, 335 Yaphank Ave, Yaphank, NY 11980 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 488 EP 491 DI 10.2987/5591.1 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 243YH UT WOS:000251832700017 PM 18240527 ER PT J AU Kobylinski, KC Allan, SA Connelly, CR AF Kobylinski, Kevin C. Allan, Sandra A. Connelly, C. Roxanne TI Aspirator modification for the removal of mosquitoes from tight spaces SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE mosquito; aspirator; sentinel chicken; cage ID BATTERY-POWERED ASPIRATOR AB An insect aspirator was modified to remove mosquitoes that entered an animal-baited experimental cage within a cage. The modified aspirator is easy to maneuver inside tight spaces, powerful enough to aspirate mosquitoes but not remove scales or fluorescent marking powders, and will run continuously for at least 45 min. C1 [Kobylinski, Kevin C.; Connelly, C. Roxanne] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Florida Med Entomol Lab, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. [Allan, Sandra A.] USDA, CAMVE, Mosquito & Fly Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Connelly, CR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Florida Med Entomol Lab, 200 9th St SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI042164] NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 23 IS 4 BP 492 EP 495 DI 10.2987/5579.1 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 243YH UT WOS:000251832700018 PM 18240528 ER PT J AU Delwiche, SR Pordesimo, LO Panthee, DR Pantalone, VR AF Delwiche, Stephen R. Pordesimo, Lester O. Panthee, Dilip R. Pantalone, Vincent R. TI Assessing glycinin (11S) and beta-conglycinin (7S) fractions of soybean storage protein by near-infrared spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE soybean; storage proteins; protein fractions; glycinin; beta-conglycinin; near-infrared; spectroscopy ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE KERNELS; TRANSMITTANCE; WHEAT; REGISTRATION; MOISTURE; QUALITY AB Soybean breeding programs underway today are addressing the goal of improving the protein profile to benefit the human diet as well as that of livestock. Glycinin, a globulin storage protein of the meal and designated as the 11S size fraction by ultracentrifugation, is desirable because of its relative abundance of sulfur-containing amino acids, such as methionine and cysteine. The current study examined the feasibility of near-infrared (NIR) measurement of glycinin and the other prevalent protein fraction, beta-conglycinin (7S size fraction), as well as the electrophoretically separable sub fractions that comprise these two components. From a population of 101 F-6-derived recombinant inbred lines in a field replicated trial, single whole soybeans were scanned in transmittance (800-1,798 nm, 24 beans/sample x 197 samples total). Additional scanning of the ground meal was performed in reflectance (1,100-2,498 nm). Partial least squares (PLS) calibrations were developed, using the 24-bean average log(1/T) spectrum for each sample, as well as the average spectrum from duplicate packs of log(1/R) spectra of the meal. The results indicate that NIR prediction of 11S and 7S, as well as the sub fractions thereof, is at best limited to screening purposes in soybean breeding programs for probable reasons of an inherent lack of spectral specificity of the protein fractions and a non-constant proportion of soluble-to-total protein. C1 USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Delwiche, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Food Safety Lab, Bldg 303,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Stephen.Delwiche@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 84 IS 12 BP 1107 EP 1115 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1144-3 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 234JY UT WOS:000251158700004 ER PT J AU Evangelista, RL Cermak, SC AF Evangelista, Roque L. Cermak, Steven C. TI Full-press oil extraction of Cuphea (PSR23) seeds SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Cuphea; oil extraction; screw pressing; crude oil quality ID SOYBEAN OIL; FATTY-ACIDS; SOWING DATE; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; EXPRESSION; MOISTURE; CANOLA; YIELD; CROP AB Cuphea PSR23, a semi-domesticated, high-capric-acid hybrid from Cuphea viscosissima x Cuphea lanceolata, is being developed as a potential commercial alternative source of medium-chain fatty acids. The present study evaluated the effects of initial seed moisture and final moisture contents of cooked flaked seed on Cuphea's pressing characteristics and the quality of the extracted oil. Seeds with 9 and 12% initial moisture contents (MC) were flaked and cooked at different residence times to produce cooked seeds with MC of 3.0-5.5%. Cooked seeds were pressed using a laboratory screw press. Eighty and 84% oil were extracted from cooked seeds with 5.5 and 3.0% MC, respectively. The seeds with 9% initial MC exhibited lower pressing load increase (9.1 per 1% decrease in MC) than the seeds with 12% initial MC (16.4 per 1% decrease in MC). The pressing rate decreased by 3% as the cooked flaked seed MC decreased. The amount of foots in the oil increased from 3 to 6.6% and chlorophyll content increased from 200 to 260 ppm as cooked flaked seed MC decreased from 5.5 to 3.0%. FFA contents were 2.5% for all treatments MC studied. The phosphatide content increased as the cooked flaked seed MC decreased but the amounts were still within the levels of water-degummed oil. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Evangelista, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Roque.Evangelista@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 84 IS 12 BP 1169 EP 1175 DI 10.1007/s11746-007-1142-5 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 234JY UT WOS:000251158700011 ER PT J AU Fox, GA Sabbagh, GJ Malone, RW Rojas, K AF Fox, Garey A. Sabbagh, George J. Malone, Robert W. Rojas, Ken TI Modeling parent and metabolite fate and transport in subsurface drained fields with directly connected macropores SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE pesticides; vadose zone water quality; preferential flow; subsurface drainage; simulation ID WATER-QUALITY MODEL; GLACIAL TILL SOIL; PESTICIDE TRANSPORT; CONSERVATIVE TRACER; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; ATRAZINE; RUNOFF; SIMULATION; ALDICARB; BROMIDE AB Few studies exist that evaluate or apply pesticide transport models based on measured parent and metabolite concentrations in fields with subsurface drainage. Furthermore, recent research suggests pesticide transport through exceedingly efficient direct connections, which occur when macropores are hydrologically connected to subsurface drains, but this connectivity has been simulated at only one field site in Allen County, Indiana. This research evaluates the Root Zone Water Quality Model ( RZWQM) in simulating the transport of a parent compound and its metabolite at two subsurface drained field sites. Previous research used one of the field sites to test the original modification of the RZWQM to simulate directly connected macropores for bromide and the parent compound, but not for the metabolite. This research will evaluate RZWQM for parent/metabolite transformation and transport at this first field site, along with evaluating the model at an additional field site to evaluate whether the parameters for direct connectivity are transferable and whether model performance is consistent for the two field sites with unique soil, hydrologic, and environmental conditions. Isoxaflutole, the active ingredient in BALANCE (R) herbicide, was applied to both fields. Isoxaflutole rapidly degrades into a metabolite ( RPA 202248). This research used calibrated RZWQM models for each field based on observed subsurface drain flow and/or edge of field conservative tracer concentrations in subsurface flow. The calibrated models for both field sites required a portion ( approximately 2% but this fraction may require calibration) of the available water and chemical in macropore flow to be routed directly into the subsurface drains to simulate peak concentrations in edge of field subsurface drain flow shortly after chemical applications. Confirming the results from the first field site, the existing modification for directly connected macropores continually failed to predict pesticide concentrations on the recession limbs of drainage hydrographs, suggesting that the current strategy only partially accounts for direct connectivity. Thirty-year distributions of annual mass ( drainage) loss of parent and metabolite in terms of percent of isoxaflutole applied suggested annual simulated percent losses of parent and metabolite (3.04 and 1.31%) no greater in drainage than losses in runoff on nondrained fields as reported in the literature. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Bayer CropSci, Stilwell, KS USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Fox, GA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM garey.fox@okstate.edu NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1359 EP 1372 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00116.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 236UI UT WOS:000251328500001 ER PT J AU Parker, R Arnold, JG Barrett, M Burns, L Carrubba, L Neitsch, SL Snyder, NJ Srinivasan, R AF Parker, Ronald Arnold, J. G. Barrett, Michael Burns, Lawrence Carrubba, Lee Neitsch, S. L. Snyder, N. J. Srinivasan, R. TI Evaluation of three watershed-scale pesticide environmental transport and fate models SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE computational methods; simulation; transport and fate; pesticide; NAWQA; SWAT; NPSM; HSPF; PRZM-RIVWQ ID RIVER BASIN; VALIDATION AB The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) has completed an evaluation of three watershed-scale simulation models for potential use in Food Quality Protection Act pesticide drinking water exposure assessments. The evaluation may also guide OPP in identifying computer simulation tools that can be used in performing aquatic ecological exposure assessments. Models selected for evaluation were the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), the Nonpoint Source Model (NPSM), a modified version of the Hydrologic Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF), and the Pesticide Root Zone Model-Riverine Water Quality (PRZM-RIVWQ) model. Simulated concentrations of the pesticides atrazine, metolachlor, and trifluralin in surface water were compared with field data monitored in the Sugar Creek watershed of Indiana's White River basin by the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. The evaluation not only provided USEPA with experience in using watershed models for estimating pesticide concentration in flowing water but also led to the development of improved statistical techniques for assessing model accuracy. Further, it demonstrated the difficulty of representing spatially and temporally variable soil, weather, and pesticide applications with relatively infrequent, spatially fixed, point estimates. It also demonstrated the value of using monitoring and modeling as mutually supporting tools and pointed to the need to design monitoring programs that support modeling. C1 US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. USDA Agr Res Serv, Temple, TX 76502 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Natl Oceanog & Atmosper Adm, Lajas, PR 00667 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77483 USA. Waterborne Environm Inc, Leesburg, VA 20175 USA. Texas A&I Univ, Spatial Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Parker, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM parker.ronald@epa.gov RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 NR 52 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 29 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1424 EP 1443 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00101.x PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 236UI UT WOS:000251328500006 ER PT J AU Allmendinger, NE Pizzuto, JE Moglen, GE Lewicki, M AF Allmendinger, Nicholas E. Pizzuto, James E. Moglen, Glenn E. Lewicki, Mikolaj TI A sediment budget for an urbanizing watershed, 1951-1996, Montgomery County, Maryland, U. S. A. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE sediment budgets; urbanization; channel enlargement; floodplain stratigraphy ID LAND-USE CHANGE; CHESAPEAKE BAY; RURAL CATCHMENTS; CHANNEL EROSION; URBANIZATION; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS; DELIVERY; STREAMS; YIELD AB Despite widespread interest, few sediment budgets are available to document patterns of erosion and sedimentation in developing watersheds. We assess the sediment budget for the Good Hope Tributary, a small watershed (4.05 km(2)) in Montgomery County, Maryland, from 1951-1996. Lacking monitoring data spanning the period of interest, we rely on a variety of indirect and stratigraphic methods. Using regression equations relating sediment yield to construction, we estimated an upland sediment production of 5,700 m 3 between 1951 and 1996. Regression equations indicate that channel cross-sectional area is correlated with the extent of development; these relationships, when combined with historical land use data, suggest that upland sediment yield was augmented by 6,400 m(3) produced by enlargement of first-order and second-order stream channels. We used dendrochronology to estimate that 4,000 m 3 of sediment was stored on the floodplain from 1951-1996. The sediment yield from the watershed, obtained by summing upstream contributions, totals 8,100 m(3) of sediment, or 135 tons/km(2)/year. These results indicate that upland erosion, channel enlargement, and floodplain storage are all significant components of the sediment budget of our study area, and all three are approximately equal in magnitude. Erosion of "legacy'' floodplain sediments originally deposited during poor agricultural practices of the 19th and early 20th Centuries has likely contributed between 0 and 20% of the total sediment yield, indicating that these remobilized deposits are not a dominant component of the sediment yield of our study area. C1 Otak Inc, Kirkland, WA 98033 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Geol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Allmendinger, NE (reprint author), Otak Inc, 10230 NE Points Dr,Suite 400, Kirkland, WA 98033 USA. EM nicholas.allmendinger@otak.com RI Moglen, Glenn/F-5452-2010; Lucas, Elizabeth/E-2733-2010 NR 55 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1483 EP 1498 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00122.x PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 236UI UT WOS:000251328500010 ER PT J AU Yildirim-Aksoy, M Shelby, R Lim, C Klesius, PH AF Yildirim-Aksoy, Mediha Shelby, Richard Lim, Chhorn Klesius, Phillip H. TI Growth performance and proximate and fatty acid compositions of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, fed for different duration with a commercial diet supplemented with various levels of menhaden fish oil SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX; LIPID-COMPOSITION; FEED-UTILIZATION; BODY-COMPOSITION; PRODUCTION PONDS; HEALTH-BENEFITS; LINOLENIC ACID; RAPESEED OIL AB A 15-wk study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplemental menhaden fish oil levels and feeding duration on growth performance and tissue proximate and fatty acid (FA) compositions of juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Dietary fish oil levels had no effect on final weight gain, feed efficiency, and survival of channel catfish. Tissue lipid contents were directly correlated to dietary lipid levels, while moisture contents were inversely related to dietary lipid levels. Fillet moisture contents progressively decreased, whereas fillet lipid increased with increasing feeding duration. Significant increase in saturated and total n-3 FAs and decrease in monoenoic and total n-6 FA in whole body and fillet were observed at each incremental level of dietary fish oil. Percentages of n-3 and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in fillet of fish fed the control and 3% fish oil diets decreased with increasing feeding periods, whereas those of fish fed 6 or 9% added fish oil diets remained stable or increased. Ratios of n-3/n-6 were statistically comparable throughout the 15-wk feeding. When expressed in terms of mg/g of fillet, the highest concentration of n-3 was obtained in fillets of fish fed the 9% added fish oil diet for 15 wk. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, MSA, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Lim, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, MSA, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. NR 54 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 461 EP 474 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2007.00120.x PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 234ZW UT WOS:000251204300001 ER PT J AU Adler, PH Roach, D Reeves, WK Flanagan, JP Morrow, ME Toepfer, JE AF Adler, Peter H. Roach, Donna Reeves, Will K. Flanagan, Joseph P. Morrow, Michael E. Toepfer, John E. TI Attacks on the endangered Attwater's Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri) by black flies (Diptera : Simuliidae) infected with an avian blood parasite SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Attwater's Prairie-Chicken; black flies; Cnephia ornithophilia; endangered species; Leucocytozoon ID LEUCOCYTOZOON-SIMONDI; ALGONQUIN PARK; MORTALITY; HAEMOPROTEUS; SPOROGONY; CANADA; GROUSE AB With fewer than 50 birds remaining in the wild, Attwater's Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri) is critically endangered. Individuals of this species on the Attwater Prairie Chicken National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado Co., TX, have been attacked in successive winters, 2005-2006, by the blood-feeding black fly Cnephia ornithophilia. Attwater's Prairie-Chicken is a previously unreported host for Cnephia ornithophilia. Molecular screening indicated that about 15% of 13 blood-fed flies sampled from captured Attwater's Prairie-Chickens carried a parasite of the genus Leucocytozoon that can cause a debilitating avian malaria-like disease. If blood feeding or transmission of the disease agent becomes a threat to the birds, particularly in years of lean food supply or harsh weather, management of Cnephia ornithophilia should be considered. C1 [Adler, Peter H.] Clemson Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Roach, Donna; Morrow, Michael E.] Attwater Prairie Chicken Natl Wildlife Refuge, Eagle Lake, TX 77434 USA. [Reeves, Will K.] USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Coll Agr, Dept 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Flanagan, Joseph P.] Houston Zoo Inc, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Toepfer, John E.] Soc Tympanuchus Cupido Pinnatus Ltd, Plover, WI 54467 USA. RP Adler, PH (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 32 IS 2 BP 309 EP 312 DI 10.3376/1081-1710(2007)32[309:AOTEAP]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 252WQ UT WOS:000252478300021 PM 18260522 ER PT J AU Willems, RA AF Willems, Robert A. TI Animals in veterinary medical teaching: Compliance and regulatory issues, the US perspective SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE Animal Welfare Act; veterinary schools; regulation; compliance AB Veterinary schools in the United States are regulated as research facilities under the federal Animal Welfare Act by Animal Care (AC), a division of the USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). The schools are inspected at least annually by AC inspectors, who are all veterinarians. In a recent poll, these inspectors identified several areas that have caused compliance problems for veterinary schools. In addition, several emerging issues also appear to be posing potential regulatory problems as societal expectations and ethical considerations change. C1 USDA, APHIS, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Willems, RA (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Eastern Reg,420 Main Campus Dr,Suite 200, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM robert.a.willems@aphis.usda.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0748-321X J9 J VET MED EDUC JI J. Vet. Med. Educ. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 5 BP 615 EP 619 DI 10.3138/jvme.34.5.615 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Veterinary Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Veterinary Sciences GA 285YY UT WOS:000254813300013 PM 18326772 ER PT J AU Li, N Xu, B Dong, W Qiao, S Lee, LF Zhang, HM Li, M Du, N AF Li, N. Xu, B. Dong, W. Qiao, S. Lee, L. F. Zhang, H. M. Li, M. Du, N. TI Detection and localization of naturally transmitted avian leukosis subgroup J virus in egg-type chickens by in situ PCR hybridization SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE SERIES A-PHYSIOLOGY PATHOLOGY CLINICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; INFECTION; HPRS-103; FLOCKS; STRAIN AB Avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroup J (ALV-J) is an exogenous ALV and causes myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens. We have previously reported the isolation and identification of ALV-J in commercial layer flocks from 12 farms in northern China. In this report, we further characterized this virus by in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) hybridization in various affected organs of chickens from six of the 12 farms. A routine method for hybridization of nucleic acid uses radioactive probe, such as a p(32)-labelled probe. We found that the non-radioactive digoxigenin (DIG) probe is sensitive enough to detect the nucleic acid of virus in chicken tissues. We used a pair of published primers (H5/H7) specific to the gp85 envelope gene and 3' region of pol gene of prototype ALV-J strain HPRS-103. The total RNA extracted from tumour, bone marrow, oviduct, liver and spleen of the diseased chickens from six commercial flocks, and cDNA was successfully amplified. Using the primers and cDNA, we obtained an ALV-J-specific cDNA probe of 545 bp in length by PCR. In situ PCR with H5/H7 primers was carried out in the paraffin sections from tissues of the diseased chickens, followed by in situ hybridization using the DIG-labelled cDNA probe. Positive hybridization signals were detected in the cytoplasm of paraffin sections of tumours and other organ tissues. The intensity of the signals was documented using an image analysis system measuring integral optical density (IOD). The IOD values for tissue sections treated by in situ PCR hybridization are significantly higher than that by in situ hybridization alone (P < 0.01). These data taken together suggest that in situ PCR hybridization is a more sensitive technique for detection of ALV-J in tissue sections. C1 China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Dong, W.] Anhui Agr Committe, Anim Husbandry Bur, Hefei 230001, Peoples R China. [Lee, L. F.; Zhang, H. M.] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Li, M.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Xu, B (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM xubr@sina.com NR 20 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0931-184X J9 J VET MED A JI J. Vet. Med. Ser. A-Physiol. Pathol. Clin. Med. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 54 IS 10 BP 553 EP 558 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2007.01008.x PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 244PR UT WOS:000251878300003 PM 18045338 ER PT J AU de los Santos, T Segundo, FDS Grubman, MJ AF de los Santos, Teresa Segundo, Fayna Diaz-San Grubman, Marvin J. TI Degradation of nuclear factor Kappa B during foot-and-mouth disease virus infection SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA/BETA INTERFERON-PRODUCTION; MURINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; LEADER PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; PROTEASOMAL DEGRADATION; REGULATORY FACTOR-3; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; DNA-BINDING AB We have previously shown that the leader proteinase (L-pro) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) interferes with the innate immune response by blocking the translation of interferon (IFN) protein and by reducing the immediate-early induction of beta IFN mRNA and IFN-stimulated genes. Here, we report that L-pro regulates the activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B). Analysis of NF-kappa B-dependent reporter gene expression in BHK-21 cells demonstrated that infection with wild-type (WT) virus has an inhibitory effect compared to infection with a genetically engineered mutant lacking the leader coding region. The expression of endogenous NF-kappa B-dependent genes tumor necrosis factor alpha and RANTES is also reduced in WT virus-infected primary porcine cells. This inhibitory effect is neither the result of a decrease in the level of the mRNA of p65/RelA, a subunit of NF-kappa B, nor a block on the nuclear translocation of p65/RelA, but instead appears to be a consequence of the degradation of accumulated p65/RelA. Viral L-pro is localized to the nucleus of infected cells, and there is a correlation between the translocation of L-pro and the decrease in the amount of nuclear p65/RelA. By using a recombinant cardiovirus expressing L-pro, we demonstrate that the disappearance of p65/RetA takes place in the absence of any other FMDV product. The observation that L-pro disrupts the integrity of NF-kappa B suggests a global mechanism by which FMDV antagonizes the cellular innate immune and inflammatory responses to viral infection. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Grubman, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, PO Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM marvin.grubman@ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 81 IS 23 BP 12803 EP 12815 DI 10.1128/JVI.01467-07 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 236VC UT WOS:000251330500010 PM 17881445 ER PT J AU Hartel, PG Myoda, SP Ritter, KJ Kuntz, RL Rodgers, K Entry, JA Wey, SAV Schroder, EC Calle, J Lacourt, M Thies, JE Reilly, JP Fuhrmann, JJ AF Hartel, Peter G. Myoda, Samuel P. Ritter, Kerry J. Kuntz, Robin L. Rodgers, Karen Entry, James A. Wey, Sheryl A. Ver Schroeder, Eduardo C. Calle, Juan Lacourt, Mercedes Thies, Janice E. Reilly, John P. Fuhrmann, Jeffry J. TI Geographic sharing of ribotype patterns in Enterococcus faecalis for bacterial source tracking SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE fecal enterococci; microbial source tracking; ribotyping; wastewater; water quality ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI RIBOTYPES; FECAL POLLUTION; DIVERSITY; VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS; ANIMALS; WATERS AB The limited host range of Enterococcus faecalis may reduce its clonal diversity and thereby increase its geographic sharing of ribotype patterns. Such sharing would be advantageous for bacterial source tracking (BST). We determined the geographic sharing of ribotype patterns in 752 Ent. faecalis isolates obtained primarily from wastewater treatment plants in Delaware (15 locations; 490 isolates), Georgia (2 locations; 48 isolates), Idaho (1 location; 118 isolates), New York (2 locations; 48 isolates), and Puerto Rico (2 locations; 48 isolates). Isolates were ribotyped with a RiboPrinter. When pooled across all locations and analyzed at a similarity index of 100% and a tolerance level of 1.00%, the 752 Ent. faecalis isolates yielded 652 different ribotypes, of which 429 (66%) were unshared. Even when the matching criterion was relaxed by decreasing the tolerance level from 1% to 10% or lowering the similarity cutoff from 100% to 90%, half or almost half of the ribotypes were unshared. A Mantel test of zero correlation showed no statistically significant correlation between ribotype patterns and geographic distance among the 32 samples (one location at one time) at either the 1.00% (P = 0.91) or 10.00% (P = 0.83) tolerance levels. Therefore, the percentage of ribotype patterns shared between two locations did not increase as the distance between locations decreased. in the case of BST, a permanent host origin database sufficiently large to encompass these ribotype patterns would be time-consuming and expensive to construct. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Div Water Resources, Delaware Dept Nat Resources & Environm Control, Dover, DE 19904 USA. So Calif Coastal Water Res Proj, Westminster, CA 92683 USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Solids Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agron, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Delaware, Coll Agr Sci, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. RP Hartel, PG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM pghartel@uga.edu RI Thies, Janice/A-5074-2014 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PD DEC PY 2007 VL 5 IS 4 BP 539 EP 551 DI 10.2166/wh.2007.003 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 234DP UT WOS:000251141200006 PM 17878566 ER PT J AU Rudolph, KM Hunter, DL Rimler, RB Cassirer, EF Foreyt, WJ DeLong, WJ Weiser, GC Ward, ACS AF Rudolph, Karen M. Hunter, David L. Rimler, Richard B. Cassirer, E. Frances Foreyt, William J. DeLong, Walter J. Weiser, Glen C. Ward, Alton C. S. TI Microorganisms associated with a pneumonic epizootic in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE bighorn sheep; Ovis canadensis canadensis; Mycoplasma spp.; parainfluenza-3 virus; Pasteurella multocida spp.; respiratory syncytial virus ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA; DOMESTIC SHEEP; MYCOPLASMA-OVIPNEUMONIAE; DISEASE; GOATS; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIONS; CULTURES; NASAL AB A comprehensive study of a pneumonic epizootic was initiated when the first signs of disease were noted in a metapopulation of bighorn sheep inhabiting Hells Canyon, bordering Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. A total of 92 bighorn sheep were tested for etiologic agents during the following 6-mo study period. The study population included biahorn sheep believed to be the Subpopulation in which disease was first noted, and these sheep were translocated to a holding facility in an effort to contain the disease (group A(1,) n = 72); bighorn sheep in other subpopulations (group A(2)) with evidence of clinical disease were captured, sampled. given antibiotics, and released (n = 8) and those that were found dead were necropsied (n = 12). Samples. including oropharyngeal and nasal swabs, and lung, and liver tissue were collected from the bighorn sheep identified above. Tissue was collected at necropsy from 60 group A(1) bighorn sheep that died following translocation. and samples were cultured for bacteria and viruses. Blood samples were tested tot antibodies a against known respiratory viruses. and histopathology was conducted on tissue samples. The major cause of death in both group A(1) and group A(2) bighorn sheep was a rapidly developing fibrinous bronchopneumonia. Multiple biovariants of Pasteurella were isolated from oropharyngeal and nasal samples from both groups. and Mycoplasma ovipneumonia was isolated from five group A(1) oropharyngeal samples. Organisms isolated from lung tissue included Pasteurella multocida multocida a and Pasteurella trehalosi, both of which differentiated into multiple strains by restriction enzyme analysis, and parainfluenza-3 virus (PI-3). Paired serum samples revealed > fourfold increases in titers against PI-3 and bovine respiratory syncytial viruses. It was concluded that this epizootic resulted from a complex of factors including multiple potential respiratory pathogens, none of which were identified as a primary pathogen. and possible stress factors. C1 [Rudolph, Karen M.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Boise, ID 83707 USA. [Hunter, David L.] Tumer Enterprises, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. [Rimler, Richard B.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Cassirer, E. Frances] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. [Foreyt, William J.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [DeLong, Walter J.] Idaho State Hlth Lab, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Weiser, Glen C.] Univ Idaho, Caine Vet Teaching Ctr, Caldwell, ID 83607 USA. RP Rudolph, KM (reprint author), Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 600 S Walnut, Boise, ID 83707 USA. EM krudolph@idfg.idaho.gov NR 61 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 548 EP 558 DI 10.1638/2006-0027R.1 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 243UR UT WOS:000251823300006 PM 18229860 ER PT J AU Chretien, JP Linthicum, KJ AF Chretien, Jean-Paul Linthicum, Kenneth J. TI Chikungunya in Europe: what's next? SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID EMERGENCE; DENGUE; FEVER C1 US Dept Def, Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Response Sy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Chretien, JP (reprint author), US Dept Def, Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Response Sy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Jean-Paul.Chretien@na.amedd.army.mil OI Chretien, Jean-Paul/0000-0001-8143-6823 NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 1 PY 2007 VL 370 IS 9602 BP 1805 EP 1806 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61752-8 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 240LI UT WOS:000251588700005 PM 18061039 ER PT J AU Hansen, CR Khatiwara, A Ziprin, R Kwon, YM AF Hansen, C. R. Khatiwara, A. Ziprin, R. Kwon, Y. M. TI Rapid construction of Campylobacter jejuni deletion mutants SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; deletion mutant; overlapping; extension PCR ID MUTAGENESIS; EXPRESSION; GENES AB To develop a novel method for rapid construction of Campylobacter jejuni deletion mutants. We used overlapping extension PCR protocol to amplify a target sequence region of Camp. jejuni genomic DNA in which an internal fragment, Cj0618 coding sequence, was replaced by a chloramphenicol resistance cassette. After the resulting PCR product was introduced into electrocompetent Camp. jejuni 81-176, chloramphenicol-resistant mutants in which the wild type allele has been replaced by the deletion cassette were selected. DNA sequencing confirmed precise deletion in the Cj0618 gene. As expected from the previously reported role of Cj0618 in chick colonization, the resulting deletion mutant showed a caecal colonization defect in chick infection. This method can be used for rapid construction of Camp. jejuni deletion mutants. The use of this method should facilitate functional characterization of various Camp. jejuni genes. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci 0 213, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. Univ Arkansas, Cell & Mol Biol Program, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Kwon, YM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci 0 213, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM ykwon@uark.edu NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 599 EP 603 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02232.x PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 234ZX UT WOS:000251204400005 PM 17908230 ER PT J AU Saengkerdsub, S Herrera, P Woodward, L Anderson, C Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Saengkerdsub, S. Herrera, P. Woodward, L. Anderson, C. Nisbet, D. J. Ricke, S. C. TI Detection of methane and quantification of methanogenic archaea in faeces from young broiler chickens using real-time PCR SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian; broiler; faeces; methanogen; real-time polymerase chain reaction ID INTESTINAL BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; CECAL MICROFLORA; RUMEN; IDENTIFICATION; CAMPYLOBACTER; COLONIZATION; GROWTH; AGE AB To detect the presence of methanogens in the faeces of broiler chicks during the first 2 weeks of age. Chicken faecal samples from 120 broiler chicks were incubated for methane gas formation and methanogenic archaea were analysed using real-time PCR. The copy number of the order Methanobacteriales 16S rDNA gene in chicken faeces when the broilers were 3-12 days of age, litter and house flies collected in the bird house ranged from 4.19 to 5.51 log(10) g(-1) wet weight. The number of positive methane culture tubes increased from 25% to 100% as the birds aged. Methanogens were successfully detected in faecal samples from 3- to 12-day-old broilers, as well as litter and house flies using real-time PCR. The copy number of methanogenic 16S rDNA gene in these samples was also similar to the number observed in litter and house flies. The same methanogens consistently appeared in chicken faeces a few days after birth. Detection of the methanogenic bacteria in litter and house flies implicated them as potential environmental sources for methanogen colonization in broiler chicks. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, Southern Plains Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, College Stn, TX USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM sricke@uark.edu-0.15 NR 34 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 629 EP 634 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02243.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 234ZX UT WOS:000251204400010 PM 17922818 ER PT J AU Christie, WW Dobson, G Adlof, RO AF Christie, William W. Dobson, Gary Adlof, Richard O. TI A practical guide to the isolation, analysis and identification of conjugated linoleic acid SO LIPIDS LA English DT Review ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SILVER-ION HPLC; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FATTY-ACIDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; METHYL-ESTERS; ISOMERS; SEPARATION; ADDUCTS; CHEESE AB Natural and synthetic conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are reputed to have therapeutic properties that are specific to particular geometrical and positional isomers. Analysis of these has presented unique problems that have brought forward distinctive solutions, especially the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and silver-ion high-performance liquid chromatography. In the analysis of CLA present at low levels in tissue samples, it is sometimes necessary to use concentration methods. In this review, the most useful and practical methods for the isolation and analysis of CLA isomers in tissues and in commercial CLA preparations are described. C1 MRS Lipid Analysis Unit, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. SCRI, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Christie, WW (reprint author), MRS Lipid Analysis Unit, C-O SCRI, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. EM William.Christie@scri.ac.uk NR 40 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 29 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1073 EP 1084 DI 10.1007/s11745-007-3107-8 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 237KJ UT WOS:000251372300001 PM 17710464 ER PT J AU Kronberg, SL Scholljegerdes, EJ Barcelo-Coblijn, G Murphy, EJ AF Kronberg, S. L. Scholljegerdes, E. J. Barcelo-Coblijn, G. Murphy, E. J. TI Flaxseed treatments to reduce biohydrogenation of alpha-linolenic acid by rumen microbes in cattle SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE n-3 Fatty acid; linseed; protection; bovine; biohydrogenation ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; IN-VITRO; CONDENSED TANNINS; LOTUS-CORNICULATUS; RUMINAL BACTERIA; PLASMA-LIPIDS; DAIRY-COWS; MILK-FAT; PROTEIN; MUSCLE AB Enrichment of beef muscle with n-3 fatty acids (FA) is one means to introduce these FA into the diet, but ruminal biohydrogenation limits their bioavailability. To address this problem, we evaluated the ability of condensed tannin (quebracho), in the presence or absence of casein, to protect 18:3n-3 in flaxseed from hydrogenation by ruminal microbes in cattle using an in vitro fermentation approach coupled with evaluation in cattle in vivo. Treated and untreated flaxseed was incubated with bovine rumen fluid for 0 and 24 h. With tannin treated flaxseed, hydrogenation of 18:3n-3 was limited to only 13% over 24 h compared to 43% for untreated flaxseed, while addition of casein to the tannin added no additional protection. To determine if a similar level of protection would occur in vivo, we used two groups of five steers fed either a grain-based or forage-based diet. Five steers were given a grain-based diet during the trial and were fed either ground flaxseed or tannin treated flaxseed for 15 days prior to blood collection for plasma lipid fatty acid analysis. The forage fed steers followed the same regimen. Ingestion of tannin-treated flaxseed did not increase 18:3n-3 and 20:5n-3 in plasma neutral lipids as compared to non-treated flaxseed. Thus, we demonstrated that treating ground flaxseed with quebracho tannin is not useful for increasing 18:3n-3 in the neutral lipid of bovine blood plasma, and suggest caution when interpreting results from in vitro trials that test potential treatments for protecting fatty acids from hydrogenation by ruminal microbes. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Illes Balears, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol, Lab Biomed Mol & Cellular, E-07122 Illes Balears, Spain. Univ N Dakota, Dept Chem, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Kronberg, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM scott.kronberg@ars.usda.gov OI Barcelo-Coblijn, Gwendolyn/0000-0003-1017-5616 FU NCRR NIH HHS [1P20 RR17699] NR 39 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1105 EP 1111 DI 10.1007/s11745-007-3126-5 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 237KJ UT WOS:000251372300004 PM 17985170 ER PT J AU Reeves, JB AF Reeves, James B., III TI The present status of "quick tests" for on-farm analysis with emphasis on manures and soil: What is available and what is lacking? SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the Ramiran-Network CY SEP 11-13, 2006 CL Aarhus, DENMARK DE quick tests; near-infrared; mid-infrared; NIRS; manure; soil; carbon; nitrogen; phosphorus ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; DRIED DAIRY MANURES; AMMONIUM-N; NITROGEN; MINERALIZATION; CARBON AB There is an increasing interest in on-farm testing of a variety of materials, from soils to materials produced or utilized on the farm, including manure. Among the issues to consider are selection of constituents of interest, e.g., fiber and protein in forages versus inorganic-and organic-N and P in manures; the nature of the testing, e.g., conventionally based assays using solutions or test strips versus portable instruments; the potential advantages or disadvantages of on-farm versus conventional laboratory testing, such as speed, timeliness, waste generation, and cost. The availability of on-farm testing methods varies greatly with both the media in question and the analyte of interest. For example, for manures several quick tests exist for the determination of total ammoniacal N (TAN) which can be quite accurate (R-2 of .9 or better versus laboratory determinations), fast and reasonably inexpensive, while no such methods exist for the determination of organic-N in the same samples. No quick test has been found satisfactory for the determination of P or K in dairy or poultry manures, although excellent results have been obtained for swine manure. Similarly, soil test kits have existed for years for determining N, P and K, but no such test exists for determining soil C content (organic or inorganic), and no inexpensive method exists for forage quality determinations (fiber, protein, digestibility). Spectroscopic methods such as near-and mid-infrared spectroscopy have found increasing use in the laboratory for the rapid analysis of a wide variety of products including feeds, manures and soils and offer great potential for on-farm determinations. This paper discusses the present state, and future potential, of methods suitable for on-farm testing of the wide variety of materials from soils to those materials utilized or produced on a farm, with emphasis on manures and soils and spectroscopic methods. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Bldg 306,Rm 101,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM James.Reeves@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-1413 J9 LIVEST SCI JI Livest. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 112 IS 3 BP 224 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2007.09.009 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 246EO UT WOS:000251990500007 ER PT J AU Wang, SL Xu, P Thorsen, J Zhu, BL de Jong, PJ Waldbieser, G Kucuktas, H Liu, ZJ AF Wang, Shaolin Xu, Peng Thorsen, Jim Zhu, Baoli de Jong, Pieter J. Waldbieser, Geoff Kucuktas, Huseyin Liu, Zhanjiang TI Characterization of a BAC library from channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus: Indications of high levels of chromosomal reshuffling among teleost genomes SO MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BAC; catfish; comparative mapping; genome; synteny ID EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; PHYSICAL MAP; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; INITIAL ANALYSIS; ATLANTIC SALMON; CONSTRUCTION; MICROSATELLITES; MARKERS; BRAIN AB The CHORI-212 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was constructed by cloning EcoRI/EcoRI partially digested DNA into the pTARBAC2.1 vector. The library has an average insert size of 161 kb, and provides 10.6-fold coverage of the channel catfish haploid genome. Screening of 32 genes using overgo or cDNA probes indicated that this library had a good representation of the genome as all tested genes existed in the library. We previously reported sequencing of approximately 25,000 BAC ends that generated 20,366 high-quality BAC end sequences (BES) and identified a large number of sequences similar to known genes using BLASTX searches. In this work, particular attention was given to identification of BAC mate pairs with known genes from both ends. When identified, comparative genome analysis was conducted to determine syntenic regions of the catfish genome with the genomes of zebrafish and Tetraodon. Of the 141 mate pairs with known genes from channel catfish, conserved syntenies were identified in 34 (24.1%), with 30 conserved in the zebrafish genome and 14 conserved in the Tetraodon genome. Additional analysis of three of the 34 conserved syntenic groups by direct sequencing indicated conserved gene contents in all three species. This indicates that comparative genome analysis may provide shortcuts to genome analysis in catfish, especially for short genomic regions once the conserved syntenies are identified. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Aquat Genom Unit Program Cell & Mol Biosci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, BACPAC, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Dept Basic Sci & Aquat Med, Genet Sect, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Liu, ZJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Aquat Genom Unit Program Cell & Mol Biosci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM zliu@acesag.auburn.edu RI Xu, Peng/J-4018-2012; Wang, Shaolin/M-2282-2013 OI Wang, Shaolin/0000-0003-0866-4584 NR 46 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-2228 J9 MAR BIOTECHNOL JI Mar. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 9 IS 6 BP 701 EP 711 DI 10.1007/s10126-007-9021-5 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 237KK UT WOS:000251372400004 PM 17671813 ER PT J AU Kline, DL Allan, SA Bernier, UR Welch, CH AF Kline, D. L. Allan, S. A. Bernier, U. R. Welch, C. H. TI Evaluation of the enantiomers of 1-octen-3-ol and 1-octyn-3-ol as attractants for mosquitoes associated with a freshwater swamp in Florida, USA SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 1-octen-3-ol; 1-octyn-3-ol; baited traps; mosquito attractants ID ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE COMPOUNDS; FAY-PRINCE TRAPS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; AEDES-AEGYPTI; LACTIC-ACID; FLY DIPTERA; RESPONSES; IDENTIFICATION; OCTENOL; CULEX AB Field studies were conducted at wooded wetlands in Gainesville, FL, U.S.A., to assess responses of natural populations of adult mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to American Biophysics MM-X (TM) and Coleman MD-2500 (TM) traps baited with enantiomers of 1-octen-3-ol, a naturally occurring compound, and 1-octyn-3-ol, a closely related synthetic compound. Overall, the same species of mosquitoes were attracted by all enantiomers, although the (R)-(+) isomer of octenol generally attracted more species, and it is the isomer produced in greatest proportion in nature. Traps baited with the R-enantiomer caught greater numbers of mosquitoes than those baited with the S-enantiomer of each compound, whereas traps baited with S-enantiomers were equally or slightly less attractive than those baited with carbon dioxide only. C1 [Kline, D. L.; Allan, S. A.; Bernier, U. R.; Welch, C. H.] USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Kline, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM dan.kline@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 323 EP 331 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 243AA UT WOS:000251766100003 PM 18092970 ER PT J AU Shedd, KM Hanson, KB Alekel, DL Schiferl, DJ Hanson, LN Van Loan, MD AF Shedd, Kristine M. Hanson, Kathy B. Alekel, D. Lee Schiferl, Daniel J. Hanson, Laura N. Van Loan, Marta D. TI Quantifying leisure physical activity and its relation to bone density and strength SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE pQCT; DXA; bone loading; menopause ID QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; MINERAL DENSITY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CORTICAL BONE; QUESTIONNAIRE; GEOMETRY; EXERCISE; CALCIUM; HEALTH; SIZE AB SHEDD, K. M., K. B. HANSON, D. L. ALEKEL, D. J. SCHIFERL, L. N. HANSON, and M. D. VAN LOAN. Quantifying Leisure Physical Activity and Its Relation to Bone Density and Strength. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 39, No. 12, pp. 2189-2198, 2007. Purpose: Compare three published methods of quantifying physical activity (total activity, peak strain, and bone-loading exposure (BLE) scores) and identify their associations with areal bone mineral density (aBMD), volunietric BMD (vBMD), and bone strength. Methods: Postmenopausal women (N = 239; mean age: 53.8 yr) from Iowa (ISU) and California (UCD) completed the Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire, which was scored with each method. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry assessed aBMD at the spine, hip, and femoral neck, and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) measured vBMD and bone strength properties at the distal tibia and midshaft femur. Results: UCD women had higher total activity scores and hours per week of leisure activity. All scoring methods were correlated with each other. No method was associated with aBMD. Peak strain score was negatively associated with polar moment of inertia and strength-strain index at the tibia, and total activity score was positively associated with cortical area and thickness at the femur. Separating by geographic site, the peak strain and hip BLE scores were negatively associated with pQCT measures at the tibia and femur among ISU subjects. Among UCD women, no method was significantly associated with any tibia measure, but total activity score was positively associated with measures at the femur (P < 0.05 for all associations). Conclusion: Given the significantly greater hours per week of leisure activity done by UCD subjects, duration may be an important determinant of the effect physical activity has on bone. The positive association between leisure physical activity (assessed by the total activity score) and cortical bone measures in postmenopausal women may indicate a lifestyle factor that can help offset age-related bone loss. C1 Univ Calif Davis, FACSM, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Shedd, Kristine M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hanson, Kathy B.; Alekel, D. Lee; Hanson, Laura N.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food & Human Nutr, Human Metab Unit, Ames, IA USA. [Schiferl, Daniel J.] Bone Diagnost Inc, Ft Atkinson, WI USA. [Van Loan, Marta D.] USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP Van Loan, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, FACSM, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mvanloan@whnrc.usda.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [UL1 RR024146, RR019975, M01 RR019975, 1M01RR19975-01]; NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR046922-03, AR046922, R01 AR046922, R01 AR046922-02, R01 AR046922-05, R01 AR046922-05S1, R01 AR046922-04, R01 AR046922-01A2] NR 21 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 39 IS 12 BP 2189 EP 2198 DI 10.1249/mss.0b013e318155a7fe PG 10 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 240DW UT WOS:000251568400012 PM 18046190 ER PT J AU Norenberg, MD Jayakumar, AR Rao, KVR Panickar, KS AF Norenberg, M. D. Jayakumar, A. R. Rao, K. V. Rama Panickar, K. S. TI New concepts in the mechanism of ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling SO METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Hannover Conference on Hepatic Encephalopathy CY JUN, 2006 CL Radebeul, GERMANY SP Solvay Pharmaceut DE acute liver failure; ammonia; astrocytes; brain edema; cell swelling; glutamine; hepatic encephalopathy; mitochondrial permeability transition; nitrosative stress; oxidative stress; signaling kinases ID ACUTE LIVER-FAILURE; FULMINANT HEPATIC-FAILURE; MITOCHONDRIAL PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; INDUCED BRAIN EDEMA; MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN; PORTAL-SYSTEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID LACTATE; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASES; CEREBRAL CORTICAL SLICES AB It is generally accepted that astrocyte swelling forms the major anatomic substrate of the edema associated with acute liver failure (ALF) and that ammonia represents a major etiological factor in its causation. The mechanisms leading to such swelling, however, remain elusive. Recent studies have invoked the role of oxidative stress in the mechanism of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), as well as in the brain edema related to ALF. This article summarizes the evidence for oxidative stress as a major pathogenetic factor in HE/ALF and discusses mechanisms that are triggered by oxidative stress, including the induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and activation of signaling kinases. We propose that a cascade of events initiated by ammonia-induced oxidative stress results in cell volume dysregulation leading to cell swelling/brain edema. Blockade of this cascade may provide novel therapies for the brain edema associated with ALF. C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Miami, FL 33101 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Miami, FL 33101 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Miami, FL 33101 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Norenberg, MD (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Miami, FL 33101 USA. EM mnorenbe@med.miami.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK063311] NR 162 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0885-7490 EI 1573-7365 J9 METAB BRAIN DIS JI Metab. Brain Dis. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3-4 BP 219 EP 234 DI 10.1007/s11011-007-9062-5 PG 16 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 223OD UT WOS:000250379500003 PM 17823859 ER PT J AU Carlson, O Martin, B Stote, KS Golden, E Maudsley, S Najjar, SS Ferrucci, L Ingram, DK Longo, DL Rumpler, WV Baer, DJ Egan, J Mattson, MP AF Carlson, Olga Martin, Bronwen Stote, Kim S. Golden, Erin Maudsley, Stuart Najjar, Samer S. Ferrucci, Luigi Ingram, Donald K. Longo, Dan L. Rumpler, William V. Baer, David J. Egan, Josephine Mattson, Mark P. TI Impact of reduced meal frequency without caloric restriction on glucose regulation in healthy, normal-weight middle-aged men and women SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID HOMEOSTASIS MODEL ASSESSMENT; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; DIETARY RESTRICTION; METABOLIC SYNDROME; DIABETES-MELLITUS; LEPTIN RESISTANCE; PLASMA-GLUCOSE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; TOLERANCE TEST AB An unresolved issue in the field of diet and health is if and how changes in meal frequency affect energy metabolism in humans. We therefore evaluated the influence of reduced meal frequency without a reduction in energy intake on glucose metabolism in normal-weight, healthy male and female subjects. The study was a randomized crossover design, with two 8-week treatment periods (with an intervening 11-week off-diet period) in which subjects consumed all of their calories for weight maintenance distributed in either 3 meals or I meal per day (consumed between 4:00 Pm and 8:00 Pm). Energy metabolism was evaluated at designated time points throughout the study by pet-forming morning oral glucose tolerance tests and measuring levels of glucose, insulin, glucagon, leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, resistin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Subjects consuming I meal per day exhibited higher morning fasting plasma glucose levels, greater and more sustained elevations of plasma glucose concentrations, and a delayed insulin response in the oral glucose tolerance test compared with subjects consuming 3 meals per day. Levels of ghrelin were elevated in response to the I-meal-per-day regimen. Fasting levels of insulin, leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, resistin, and BDNF were not significantly affected by meal frequency. Subjects consuming a single large daily meal exhibit elevated fasting glucose levels and impaired morning glucose tolerance associated with a delayed insulin response during a 2-month diet period compared with those consuming 3 meals per day. The impaired glucose tolerance was reversible and was not associated with alterations in the levels of adipokines or BDNF. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIA, Neurosci Lab, Intramural Res Program, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NIA, Clin Invest Lab, Intramural Res Program, Diabet Sect, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIA, Cardiovasc Sci Lab, Intramural Res Program, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NIA, Clin Res Branch, Intramural Res Program, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NIA, Lab Expt Gerontol, Intramural Res Program, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NIA, Immunol Lab, Intramural Res Program, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Mattson, MP (reprint author), NIA, Neurosci Lab, Intramural Res Program, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM mattsonm@grc.nia.nih.gov RI Mattson, Mark/F-6038-2012 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 AG999999, Z01 AG000315-07] NR 37 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 20 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 56 IS 12 BP 1729 EP 1734 DI 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.07.018 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 237BM UT WOS:000251347600020 PM 17998028 ER PT J AU Scanlan, BJ Tuft, B Elfrey, JE Smith, A Zhao, A Morimoto, M Chmielinska, JJ Tejero-Taldo, MI Mak, IT Weglicki, WB Shea-Donohue, T AF Scanlan, Bradford J. Tuft, Blaine Elfrey, Justin E. Smith, Allen Zhao, Aiping Morimoto, Motoko Chmielinska, Joanna J. Tejero-Taldo, Maria Isabel Mak, Iu Tong Weglicki, William B. Shea-Donohue, Terez TI Intestinal inflammation caused by magnesium deficiency alters basal and oxidative stress-induced intestinal function SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hypomagnesemia; oxidative stress; neutrophil; inflammation; nitric oxide ID ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; BLOOD-CELL GLUTATHIONE; RAT SMALL-INTESTINE; MESENTERIC ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION; MG-DEFICIENCY; INTENSIVE-CARE; RECRUITMENT; DYSFUNCTION; MODULATION; NEUTROPHIL AB The aim of this study was to determine the effect of magnesium deficiency on small intestinal morphology and function. Rats were assigned to 4 groups and placed on magnesium sufficient or deficient diet for 1 or 3 weeks. Infiltration of neutrophils and mucosal injury were assessed in stained sections of small intestine. Magnesium deficiency alone induced a significant increase in neutrophil infiltration and increased vascular ICAM-1 expression, in the absence of changes in mucosal injury or expression of proinflammatory mediators. Magnesium deficiency was associated with hyposecretory epithelial cell responses and vascular macromolecular leak in the small intestine and lung, which was attributed partly to reduced expression of NOS-3. To determine the effect of hypomagnesmia on the intestinal responses to a known oxidative stress, groups of rats were randomized to either sham operation or superior mesenteric artery occlusion for 10 (non-injurious) or 30 (injurious) minutes followed by a 1- or 4-hour reperfusion period. In response to mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion, deficient rats showed exaggerated PMN influx, but similar mucosal injury. Intestinal ischemia in sufficient animals induced vascular macromolecular leak in the small intestine and lung at 4 hours of reperfusion, with levels similar to those observed in untreated deficient rats. Acute magnesium repletion of deficient rats 24 h before surgery attenuated the exaggerated inflammation in deficient rats. These data show that magnesium deficiency induced a subclinical inflammation in the small intestine in the absence of mucosal injury, but with significant functional changes in local and remote organs and increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Mucosal Biol Res Ctr, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Requirements & Functions Lab, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Div Expt Med, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Shea-Donohue, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Mucosal Biol Res Ctr, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM tdonohue@medicine.umaryland.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-65718, R01-HL-62282]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI049316, AI 49316] NR 37 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0300-8177 J9 MOL CELL BIOCHEM JI Mol. Cell. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 306 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s11010-007-9554-y PG 11 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 222NT UT WOS:000250304900008 PM 17657590 ER PT J AU O'Malley, KG Camara, MD Banks, MA AF O'Malley, Kathleen G. Camara, Mark D. Banks, Michael A. TI Candidate loci reveal genetic differentiation between temporally divergent migratory runs of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chinook salmon; Clock gene; genetic structure; Ots515NWFSC; run timing; spawning time ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; PHOTOPERIODIC TIME MEASUREMENT; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; LIFE-HISTORY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; DROSOPHILA HOMOLOG; PACIFIC SALMON; CLOCK GENES AB Local adaptation is a dynamic process driven by selection that can vary both in space and time. One important temporal adaptation for migratory animals is the time at which individuals return to breeding sites. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are excellent subjects for studying the genetic basis of temporal adaptation because their high seasonal homing fidelity promotes reproductive isolation leading to the formation of local populations across diverse environments. We tested for adaptive genetic differentiation between seasonal runs of Chinook salmon using two candidate loci; the circadian rhythm gene, OtsClock1b, and Ots515NWFSC, a microsatellite locus showing sequence identity to three salmonid genes central to reproductive development. We found significant evidence for two genetically distinct migratory runs in the Feather River, California (OtsClock1b: F-ST = 0.042, P = 0.02; Ots515NWFSC: F-ST = 0.058, P = 0.003). In contrast, the fall and threatened spring runs are genetically homogenous based on neutral microsatellite data (F-ST = -0.0002). Similarly, two temporally divergent migratory runs of Chinook salmon from New Zealand are genetically differentiated based on polymorphisms in the candidate loci (OtsClock1b: F-ST = 0.083, P-value = 0.001; Ots515NWFSC: F-ST = 0.095, P-value = 0.000). We used an individual-based assignment method to confirm that these recently diverged populations originated from a single source in California. Tests for selective neutrality indicate that OtsClock1b and Ots515NWFSC exhibit substantial departures from neutral expectations in both systems. The large F-ST estimates could therefore be the result of directional selection. Evidence presented here suggests that OtsClock1b and Ots515NWFSC may influence migration and spawning timing of Chinook salmon in these river systems. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. USA, USDA ARS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP O'Malley, KG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM kathleen.omalley@oregonstate.edu NR 65 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 23 BP 4930 EP 4941 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03565.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 235AF UT WOS:000251205200007 PM 17971087 ER PT J AU Friedman, M McQuistan, T Hendricks, JD Pereira, C Bailey, GS AF Friedman, Mendel McQuistan, Tammie Hendricks, Jerry D. Pereira, Cliff Bailey, George S. TI Protective effect of dietary tomatine against dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP)-induced liver and stomach tumors in rainbow trout SO MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dibenzopyrene; rainbow trout; tomatine; tomatoes; tumor prevention ID RAT MAMMARY-GLAND; AFLATOXIN B-1; ALPHA-TOMATINE; MOUSE SKIN; CHEMOPREVENTIVE PROPERTIES; MULTIORGAN CARCINOGENESIS; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; GLYCOALKALOID TOMATINE; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; INITIATING ACTIVITY AB The potential anti-carcinogenic effects of tomatine, a mixture of commercial tomato glycoalkaloids alpha-tomatine and dehydrotomatine (10: 1), were examined in the rainbow trout chemoprevention model. Prior to the chernoprevention study, a preliminary toxicity study revealed that tomatine in the diet fed daily at doses from 100 to 2000 parts per million (ppm) for 4 weeks was not toxic to trout. For the tumor study, replicate groups of 105 trout were fed diets containing dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP) alone (224 ppm), (N = 3), DBP plus tomatine at 2000 ppm (N = 2), tomatine alone (N = 2), or control diet (N = 2) for 4 weeks. The fish were then returned to control diet for 8 months and necropsied for histopathology. Dietary tomatine was found to reduce DBP-initiated liver tumor incidence from 37.0 to 19.0% and stomach tumor incidence from 46.4 to 29.4%. Tomatine also reduced stomach tumor multiplicity. The tomatine-containing diets did not induce mortality, change in fish weights, or liver weights. No adverse pathological effects in the tissues of the fish on the tomatine diets were observed. Dose-response and chemopreventive mechanisms for tomatine protection remain to be examined. This is the first report on the anticarcinogenic effects of tomatine in vivo. C1 [Friedman, Mendel] USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [McQuistan, Tammie; Bailey, George S.] Oregon State Univ, Linus Pauling Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McQuistan, Tammie; Hendricks, Jerry D.; Bailey, George S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hendricks, Jerry D.] Oregon State Univ, Marine Freshwater & Biomed Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. [Pereira, Cliff] Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR USA. [Pereira, Cliff] Oregon State Univ, Environm Hlth Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM iiifried@pw.usda.gov OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 90890]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 00210, ES 03850] NR 46 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-4125 J9 MOL NUTR FOOD RES JI Mol. Nutr. Food Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 51 IS 12 BP 1485 EP 1491 DI 10.1002/mnfr.200700176 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 244MT UT WOS:000251870700007 PM 17979099 ER PT J AU Carris, LM Castlebury, LA Huang, GM Alderman, SC Luo, JF Bao, XD AF Carris, Lori M. Castlebury, Lisa A. Huang, Guoming Alderman, Steve C. Luo, Jiafeng Bao, Xiaodonq TI Tilletia vankyi, a new species of reticulate-spored bunt fungus with non-conjugating basidiospores infecting species of Festuca and Lolium SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cool season grass smuts; dwarf bunt of wheat; multigene phylogenetic analysis; Tilletiales; turf grass seed ID DWARF BUNT; WHEAT; INDICA; SEQUENCES AB A bunt fungus, exhibiting a spore germination pattern unique to known reticulate-spored species of Tilletia was found infecting plants in seed production fields of Festuca rubra ssp. rubra (red fescue) and F. rubra ssp. fallax (Chewing's fescue) in Oregon, and in seed lots of Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) from Australia and Germany. Teliospores germinated to form 20-40 uninucleate, non-conjugating basidiospores, and colonies derived from single basidiospores produced teliospores in culture. In inoculation studies using single basidiospore colonies, perennial ryegrass and L. perenne ssp. multiflorum (Italian or annual ryegrass) were infected. A phylogenetic analysis, based on ITS region rDNA, eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha, and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II demonstrated that the fescue and ryegrass bunts are conspecific, and distinct from known species of Tilletia. (C) 2007 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Carris, Lori M.; Bao, Xiaodonq] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Castlebury, Lisa A.] USDA ARS, Syst Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Huang, Guoming; Luo, Jiafeng] Tianjin Entry Exit Inspect & Quarantine Bur, Tianjin 300456, Peoples R China. [Alderman, Steve C.] USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Carris, LM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM carris@wsu.edu RI Bao, Xiaodong/E-4161-2013 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 111 BP 1386 EP 1398 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.09.008 PN 12 PG 13 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 252PV UT WOS:000252459300003 PM 18023991 ER PT J AU Sackton, TB Lazzaro, BP Schlenke, TA Evans, JD Hultmark, D Clark, AG AF Sackton, Timothy B. Lazzaro, Brian P. Schlenke, Todd A. Evans, Jay D. Hultmark, Dan Clark, Andrew G. TI Dynamic evolution of the innate immune system in Drosophila SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR POPULATION-GENETICS; DETECTING POSITIVE SELECTION; AMINO-ACID SITES; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; FAMILY EVOLUTION; GENES; PEPTIDOGLYCAN AB The availability of complete genome sequence from 12 Drosophila species presents the opportunity to examine how natural selection has affected patterns of gene family evolution and sequence divergence among different components of the innate immune system. We have identified orthologs and paralogs of 245 Drosophila melanogaster immune-related genes in these recently sequenced genomes. Genes encoding effector proteins, and to a lesser extent genes encoding recognition proteins, are much more likely to vary in copy number across species than genes encoding signaling proteins. Furthermore, we can trace the apparent recent origination of several evolutionarily novel immune-related genes and gene families. Using codon-based likelihood methods, we show that immune-system genes, and especially those encoding recognition proteins, evolve under positive darwinian selection. Positively selected sites within recognition proteins cluster in domains involved in recognition of microorganisms, suggesting that molecular interactions between hosts and pathogens may drive adaptive evolution in the Drosophila immune system. C1 Cornell Univ, New York, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Umea Univ, Umea Ctr Mol Pathogenesis, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Sackton, TB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York, NY 14853 USA. EM tbs7@cornell.edu RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011; Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; Hultmark, Dan/C-5058-2013; OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180; Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; Hultmark, Dan/0000-0002-6506-5855; Sackton, Timothy/0000-0003-1673-9216 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [F32 GM067504] NR 50 TC 205 Z9 210 U1 1 U2 40 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 39 IS 12 BP 1461 EP 1468 DI 10.1038/ng.2007.60 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 235XK UT WOS:000251267400013 PM 17987029 ER PT J AU Chuck, G Meeley, R Irish, E Sakai, H Hake, S AF Chuck, George Meeley, Robert Irish, Erin Sakai, Hajime Hake, Sarah TI The maize tasselseed4 microRNA controls sex determination and meristem cell fate by targeting Tasselseed6/indeterminate spikelet1 SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FLORAL ORGAN IDENTITY; GENES; EXPRESSION; MUTANTS; PROTEIN; BOUNDARY; APETALA2; ENCODES; DOMAIN AB In maize ( Zea mays), sex determination occurs through abortion of female carpels in the tassel and arrest of male stamens in the ear. The Tasselseed6 ( Ts6) and tasselseed4 ( ts4) mutations permit carpel development in the tassel while increasing meristem branching, showing that sex determination and acquisition of meristem fate share a common pathway. We show that ts4 encodes a mir172 microRNA that targets APETALA2 floral homeotic transcription factors. Three lines of evidence suggest that indeterminate spikelet1 ( ids1), an APETALA2 gene required for spikelet meristem determinacy, is a key target of ts4. First, loss of ids1 suppresses the ts4 sex determination and branching defects. Second, Ts6 mutants phenocopy ts4 and possess mutations in the microRNA binding site of ids1. Finally, IDS1 protein is expressed more broadly in ts4 mutants compared to wild type. Our results demonstrate that sexual identity in maize is acquired by limiting floral growth through negative regulation of the floral homeotic pathway. C1 Univ Calif Albany, USDA Agr Res Serv, Plant Gene Express Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Pioneer A DuPont Co, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Sci Biol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Dupont Crop Genet, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. RP Chuck, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Albany, USDA Agr Res Serv, Plant Gene Express Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM gchuck@nature.berkeley.edu RI Irish, Erin/C-7331-2016 OI Irish, Erin/0000-0003-4244-7938 NR 26 TC 146 Z9 161 U1 3 U2 29 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 39 IS 12 BP 1517 EP 1521 DI 10.1038/ng.2007.20 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 235XK UT WOS:000251267400022 PM 18026103 ER PT J AU Anthony, RM Rutitzky, LI Urban, JF Stadecker, MJ Gause, WC AF Anthony, Robert M. Rutitzky, Laura I. Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Stadecker, Miguel J. Gause, William C. TI Protective immune mechanisms in helminth infection SO NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ALTERNATIVELY ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES; REGULATORY T-CELLS; ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS; NEMATODE TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; IN-VIVO; TH2 RESPONSES; MAST-CELLS; B-CELLS; MURINE SCHISTOSOMIASIS AB Important insights have recently been gained in our understanding of how host immune responses mediate resistance to parasitic helminths and control associated pathological responses. Although similar cells and cytokines are evoked in response to infection by helminths as diverse as nematodes and schistosomes, the components of the response that mediate protection are dependent on the particular parasite. In this Review, we examine recent findings regarding the mechanisms of protection in helminth infections that have been elucidated in murine models and discuss the implications of these findings in terms of future therapies. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Lab Mol Genet & Immunol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet Gen & Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gause, WC (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, 185 S Orange, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM gausewc@umdnj.edu OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI031678-12, R01 AI031678-14, R01 AI066188-03, R01 AI066188, R01 AI031678-08, R01 AI031678-10, R01 AI031678-11, R01 AI031678, R01 AI031678-06, R01 AI066188-01A1, R01 AI031678-13, R01 AI066188-02, AI066188, R01 AI031678-09, AI031678, R01 AI031678-07] NR 137 TC 396 Z9 408 U1 20 U2 87 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1474-1733 J9 NAT REV IMMUNOL JI Nat. Rev. Immunol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 7 IS 12 BP 975 EP 987 DI 10.1038/nri2199 PG 13 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 234DA UT WOS:000251139700015 PM 18007680 ER PT J AU Sullivan, MJ Inserra, RN Franco, J Moreno-Leheude, I Greco, N AF Sullivan, M. J. Inserra, R. N. Franco, J. Moreno-Leheude, I. Greco, N. TI Potato cyst nematodes: Plant host status and their regulatory impact SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Review DE Datura ferox; Globodera pallida; G. rostochiensis; international crop and plant trade; Nicotiana acuminata; oca; Oxalis tuberosa; quarantine pests; Solanum ligustrinum; S. pinnatum; Thecavermiculatus andinus; weeds ID GLOBODERA; ANDES AB The known host range of potato cyst nematodes (PCN) (Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis) includes mainly Solanum species and a few species of Datura, Hyoscyamus, Lycopersicon, Physalis, Physoclaino, Salpiglossis, and Saracha, all in the Solanaceae family. The unreported results of a host study conducted in Chile using a local population of Globodera rostochiensis pathotype Ro1 indicate that Datura ferox, Nicotiana acuminata, Solanum ligustrinum and S. pinnatum allowed nematode infection and reproduction. Oca (Oxalis tuberosa) was not infected by potato cyst nematodes in field and greenhouse studies conducted in Bolivia and Peru. These findings conflict with those of a previous report of Globodera populations infecting oca. An updated list of potential PCN hosts based on the literature and on the current study is included in this paper. C1 [Sullivan, M. J.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ CPHST, Natl Weeds Management Lab, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Inserra, R. N.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, DPI, Nematol Sect, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. [Franco, J.] PROINPA, Cochabamba, Bolivia. [Sullivan, M. J.] Minst Agr, Serv Agr & Ganadero, Santiago, Chile. [Greco, N.] CNR, Ist Protez Piante, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. RP Sullivan, MJ (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ CPHST, Natl Weeds Management Lab, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM Melindaj.Sullivan@aphis.usda.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 18 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 193 EP 201 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 266MA UT WOS:000253438500002 ER PT J AU Stetina, SR Young, LD Pettigrew, WT Bruns, HA AF Stetina, S. R. Young, L. D. Pettigrew, W. T. Bruns, H. A. TI Effect of corn-cotton rotations on reniform nematode populations and crop yield. SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE corn; cotton; crop rotation; Gossypium hirsutum; pest management; reniform nematode; Rotylenchulus reniformis; Zea mays ID ROTYLENCHULUS-RENIFORMIS; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; TILLAGE SYSTEM; HOST STATUS; MANAGEMENT; RESISTANCE; SEQUENCE; CULTIVARS; FIELD AB Corn (Zea mays) as a rotation crop with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) was evaluated in a field study conducted from 2000 through 2003 at Stoneville, MS to determine its effect on reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) population density. The experimental design was a randomized block split-plot with eight replications. The main plots were crop rotations (continuous cotton, continuous corn, corn-cotton-corn-cotton, or cotton-corn-corn-cotton), and six-row subplots were one of four genotypes of either corn or cotton. Nematode populations in the center two rows of each subplot were determined at planting, midseason, and harvest. Cotton and corn yields were determined from samples taken from one or all four of the inner subplot rows, respectively. In plots planted to cotton the previous season, nematode populations at planting exceeded damaging levels for Mississippi, regardless of rotation sequence. Nematode populations remained below damaging levels throughout the season in cotton following two seasons of corn. However, when cotton followed one season of corn, nematode populations rebounded to damaging levels by the end of the season. Cotton lint yield from the cotton-corn-corn-cotton rotation was 194 kg/ha greater than yield from the continuous cotton plots in 2003. At the nematode population levels in this study, a rotation with at least two consecutive years of corn appears to be necessary to achieve reniform nematode suppression sufficient to increase cotton yield. Corn yields were either not affected or, in one year, improved when the crop was grown in rotation with cotton. Crop genotype did not affect reniform nematode population density, and there were no genotype x rotation interactions with respect to either reniform nematode population density or crop yield. C1 [Stetina, S. R.; Young, L. D.; Pettigrew, W. T.; Bruns, H. A.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Product Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Stetina, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Product Res Unit, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM sally.stetina@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 EI 2220-5608 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 237 EP 248 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 266MA UT WOS:000253438500006 ER PT J AU Baucr, S Hymowitz, T Noel, GR AF Baucr, S. Hymowitz, T. Noel, G. R. TI Soybean cyst nematode resistance derived from Glycine tomentella in amphiploid (G. max x G. tomentella) hybrid lines. SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE Glycine argyrea; G. canescens; G. dandestina; G. curvata; G. cyrioloba; G. dolichocarpa; G. falcata; G. latifolia; G. max; G. microphylla; G. pindanica; G. tabicina; G. tomentella; Heterodera glycines; resistance; perennial soybean; soybean; soybean cyst nematode ID HETERODERA-GLYCINES AB Soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, is an important yield limiting pest in major soybean production areas throughout the world. The primary component of H. glycines management is the planting of resistant cultivars in rotation with nonhost crops. Several genes that confer resistance to H. glycines have been identified, but populations of H. glycines that can overcome all of the genes are known. In order to find additional resistance genes, 491 accessions of the perennial soybeans G. argyrea, G. canescens, G. dandestina, G. curvata, G. cyrtoloba, G. dolichocarpa, G. falcata, G. latifolia, G. microphylla, G. pindanica, G. tabicina, and G. tomentella were evaluated for resistance to H. glycines HG Type 0. All species, except G. curvata and G. pindanica, had at least one accession that was immune to H. glycines. Glycine tomentella (accession PI 483218, 2n = 78), which was immune to H. glycines, was used to introgress resistance into intersubgeneric hybrids of G. max (cv. Altona) and this G. tomentella accession. Amphiploid hybrid lines (2n = 118) resulting from this hybridization were backcrossed to G. max (cv. Clark 63) to develop fertile lines (2n = 40). Fifty clones were developed, and when challenged with H. glycines FIG Type 0, the clones also were immune to the nematode. C1 [Noel, G. R.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Baucr, S.; Hymowitz, T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Noel, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM g-noelI@uiuc.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 277 EP 285 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 266MA UT WOS:000253438500010 ER PT J AU Davis, RE AF Davis, R. E. TI Effect of Meloidogyne incognita on watermelon yield. SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE citrullus lanatus; Meloidogyne incognita; watermelon; yield loss ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; BELL PEPPER; RESISTANCE; SQUASH AB Field tests were conducted in 2004 and 2006 in Tifton, GA to document the effect of Meloidogyne incognita infection on watermelon yield. Experiments had 24 replications of two treatments: methyl bromide fumigated and non-fumigated. Each plot consisted of one row of nine plants: the first, fifth, and ninth plants in the row were pollinators (cv. Companion), and the other six plants were cv. Cooperstown seedless watermelons. Neither maximum vine length nor vigor rating three weeks after transplanting differed between methyl bromide-treated plots and non-treated plots in 2004. Both 'Cooperstown' and 'Companion' watermelons had significantly greater galling in non-fumigated plots than in the ftimigated plots in both years. The level of galling on 'Companion' generally was the same as that on 'Cooperstown'. Significantly more fruit and greater total weight were harvested from methyl bromide-fumigatcd plots in both 2004 and 2006 due to more fruit and greater weight being harvested during the first harvest; fruit number and weight were not different between fumigated and non-fumigated plots for the second harvest in either year. Nematode parasitism reduced the weight of the first harvest by 30% in 2004 and 24% in 2006. Fumigation increased yields by increasing the number of fruit during the first harvest but not the weight of individual fruit. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Richard.davis@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 287 EP 293 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 266MA UT WOS:000253438500011 ER PT J AU Kokalis-Burelle, N AF Kokalis-Burelle, N. TI Effects of furfural on nematode populations and galling on tomato and pepper. SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE furfural; Meloidogyne incognita; microbivorous nematodes; root-knot nematodes; vegetable production ID FUMIGATION AB A commercial formulation of furfural (Multiguard (R) Protect) was evaluated in greenhouse trials over three seasons for effects on parasitic and beneficial nematode populations in roots and soil, plant growth, and galling on tomato and bell pepper caused by Meloidogyne incognita. 'Tiny Tim' tomato (Solanum lycopersicum = Lycopersicon esculentum) and 'Capistrano' bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) were transplanted into pots containing treated and untreated field soil which was naturally infested with M. incognita, microbivorous nematodes, and soil microorganisms. In several tests, furfural increased M. incognita J2 populations in tomato and pepper roots but reduced galling. High rates of furfural provided effective management of galling on tomato. On pepper, populations of M. incognita were lower than on tomato, and no reduction in galling occurred. No furfural treatments exhibited consistent levels of phytotoxicity to either tomato or pepper. Effects of furfural on beneficial microbivorous nematodes were mild, with substantial populations surviving in soil and roots treated with both post-plant, and high preplant rates of furfural.A commercial formulation of furfural (Multiguard (R) Protect) was evaluated in greenhouse trials over three seasons for effects on parasitic and beneficial nematode populations in roots and soil, plant growth, and galling on tomato and bell pepper caused by Meloidogyne incognita. 'Tiny Tim' tomato (Solanum lycopersicum = Lycopersicon esculentum) and 'Capistrano' bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) were transplanted into pots containing treated and untreated field soil which was naturally infested with M. incognita, microbivorous nematodes, and soil microorganisms. In several tests, furfural increased M. incognita J2 populations in tomato and pepper roots but reduced galling. High rates of furfural provided effective management of galling on tomato. On pepper, populations of M. incognita were lower than on tomato, and no reduction in galling occurred. No furfural treatments exhibited consistent levels of phytotoxicity to either tomato or pepper. Effects of furfural on beneficial microbivorous nematodes were mild, with substantial populations surviving in soil and roots treated with both post-plant, and high preplant rates of furfural. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, US Horticultural Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Kokalis-Burelle, N (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, US Horticultural Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM nancy.burelle@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 2007 VL 37 IS 2 BP 307 EP 316 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 266MA UT WOS:000253438500013 ER PT J AU Smith, NR Bailey, P Haney, H Salbador, D Greene, J AF Smith, Nathan R. Bailey, Philip Haney, Harry, Jr. Salbador, Debra Greene, John TI The impact of federal and state income tax liabilities on timber investments in the Midwest and Northeast SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE taxes; landowner; cost; rate of return; investment AB Federal and state income taxes are calculated for hypothetical forest landowners in two income brackets across 23 states in the Midwest and Northeast to illustrate the effects of differential state tax treatment. The income tax liability is calculated in a year in which the timber owners harvest $200,000 worth of timber. State income taxes ranged from highs of $13,427 for middle-income landowners and $18,527 for high-income landowners in Maine to no tax burden in New Hampshire and South Dakota. Calculated state and federal income taxes are based on 2004 tax regulations and rates. After-tax land expectation values calculated for a forest landowner in the Northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan illustrate the importance of tax planning on returns to a timber investment. The results support the need for adequate tax accounting. C1 TerraSource Valuat LLC, Waxhaw, NC 28173 USA. S Carolina Forestry Commiss, Dept Educ & Informat Technol, Columbia, SC 29221 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Accounting & Informat Syst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, New Orleans, LA 70113 USA. RP Smith, NR (reprint author), S Carolina Forestry Commiss, Dept Educ & Informat Technol, POB 21707, Columbia, SC 29221 USA. EM nasmith@vt.edu; pbailey@tsvalue.com; hhaney@vt.edu; salbador@vt.edu; jgreen01@fs.fed.us NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 24 IS 4 BP 245 EP 251 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 239DJ UT WOS:000251498600001 ER PT J AU Steber, A Brooks, K Perry, CH Kolka, R AF Steber, Aaron Brooks, Ken Perry, Charles H. Kolka, Randy TI Surface compaction estimates and soil sensitivity in aspen stands of the Great Lakes States SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE soil compaction; aspen clearcut; visual assessment; forest inventory; pocket penetrometer ID FOREST SOILS; BULK-DENSITY; PERFORMANCE; DISTURBANCE; REMOVAL; LEVEL AB Aspen forests in the Great Lakes States support much of the regional timber industry. Management-induced soil compaction is a concern because it affects forest health and productivity and soil erosion. Soil compaction increases bulk density and soil strength and can also decrease air and water movement into and through the soil profile. Currently, most inventories, and specifically the Forest Inventory and Analysis program, use qualitative estimates of soil compaction. This study compared qualitative estimates with quantitative measurements on aspen clearcuts in five national forests in the Great Lakes States. Research sites were stratified into classes of high and low potential for soil compaction on the basis of soil texture. Qualitative visual assessments of compaction were made according to Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) phase 3 protocols and compared with physical measurements of bulk density, soil compression strength, and saturated hydraulic conductivity. No differences in compaction between high- and low-risk soils were defected using visual assessments, but quantitative measurements in high-risk, fine-textured soils indicated greater compaction than low-risk, course-textured soils. These results illustrate shortcomings in qualitative estimates of compaction made according to FIA phase 3 field protocols. Inexpensive quantitative measurements, such as those taken with a pocket penetrometer, may be sufficient to quantify compaction levels within the plots. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Steber, A (reprint author), Idaho Dept Lands, 3780 Ind Ave S, Coeur Dalene, ID 83815 USA. EM ASteber@idl.idaho.gov OI Perry, Charles/0000-0001-9377-5996 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 24 IS 4 BP 276 EP 281 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 239DJ UT WOS:000251498600006 ER PT J AU Graham, GW Goebel, PC Heiligmann, RB Burmgardner, MS AF Graham, Gary W. Goebel, P. Charles Heiligmann, Randall B. Burmgardner, Matthew S. TI Influence of demographic characteristics on production practices within the Ohio maple syrup industry SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE extension programming; maple production; maple producer characteristics; programming impacts; Amish ID SEARCH AB Maple syrup production contributes approximately $5 million annually to Ohio's economy and provides supplemental nontimber forest product income for forestland owners. To better understand the factors that influence this important nontimber forest industry in Ohio, including producer heritage, producer age, sop collection methods, size of maple operation, and educational programming, we conducted a detailed survey of all known Ohio maple syrup producers (761 total producers). Over 80% of producers responded to the survey (620 respondents), making our analysis one of the most extensive of a maple industry in North America. In general, most maple operations in Ohio are part-time, family-based enterprises and over 25% of Ohio's maple producers are of Amish heritage. Although we estimate that there are over 400,000 taps in the state, the typical sugarbush is relatively small-the average sugarbush is 27 ac in size and over a third of the operations have fewer than 100 taps. Chi-square analyses did reveal several significant (alpha = 0.05) associations among producer characteristics. Although Amish producers were significantly younger and had significantly larger operations than their English or non-Amish counterparts (P < 0.001), a higher proportion of English producers reported using tubing collection systems than Amish producers (P = 0.031). Additionally, while larger maple operations tended to use tubing systems more frequently (P < 0.001), we did not detect a significant association between sap collection method (bucket versus tubing) and producer age (P = 0.169). Finally, English producers tend to be older. Older producers (>53 years old), producers using tubing collection systems, and producers with more than 250 taps were significantly more likely to participate in Ohio State University (OSU) Extension educational programming V :: 0.05). These results suggest significant relationships among producer demographics and the characteristics of maple operations in Ohio, and future OSU educational programming should be tailored to reflect these important relationships. C1 Ohio State Univ, Extens Ctr Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Graham, GW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Extens Ctr Wooster, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM graham.124@osu.edu; goebel.11@osu.edu; heiligmann.1@osu.edu; mbaumgardner@fs.fed.us RI Goebel, Patrick/B-3657-2012 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 24 IS 4 BP 290 EP 295 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 239DJ UT WOS:000251498600008 ER PT J AU Leak, WB AF Leak, William B. TI Thinning northern hardwoods in new do minant-tree removal - Early results SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE thinning; northern hardwoods; diameter growth ID STAND AB Commercial thinning is a widely accepted practice in northern hardwood stands of New England. Commercial thinning guidelines for eastern hardwoods generally recommend releasing selected crop trees or the removal of trees in less-than-dominant crown classes unless they are of poor health or quality. However, many northern hardwood stands in New England have a dominant crown class with a high proportion of paper birch and aspen. These species mature at an early age (50-70 years) and usually are marketable in stands of that age. In this study, most of the paper birch and aspen (the largest trees) in a 69-year-old northern hardwood stand were removed in a thinning operation, leaving a medium- to well-stocked stand of longer-lived species. Analysis of 4 years of subsequent diameter growth showed that the thinned residual trees (1) grew faster than the unthinned ones, (2) generally responded as well as trees after a range of earlier precommercial treatments, and (3) generally responded as well as residual trees after a more conventional thinning conducted in 1936, indicating that potential growth after thinning has not changed materially over the lost 60+ years. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Leak, WB (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM bleak@fs.fed.us NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 24 IS 4 BP 312 EP 313 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 239DJ UT WOS:000251498600012 ER PT J AU Welsh, HH Stauffer, H Clayton, DR Ollivier, LM AF Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr. Stauffer, Howard Clayton, David R. Ollivier, Lisa M. TI Strategies for modeling habitat relationships of uncommon species: An example using the Siskiyou Mountains salamander (Plethodon stormi) SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; FRAGMENTATION; POPULATIONS; ECOSYSTEM; ECOLOGY; FORESTS; AMPHIBIANS; MANAGEMENT; BEHAVIOR; NICHE AB We analyzed environmental relationships of the Siskiyou Mountains salamander, comparing attributes at the landscape, macro- and micro-environmental scales, and the three scales combined, to determine which attributes best predicted salamander presence. Separate analyses were conducted for sites on the north and south sides of the Siskiyou Mountains which basically divide Oregon and California. We sampled 239 randomly selected sites (163 north and 76 south of the Siskiyou Crest), each in >= 5 ha of relatively homogeneous forest or post-forest (clearcut) habitat, 75 m from edge, in 7x7 m plots with >= 25 % rock cover. Measured attributes at the landscape, macro-, and micro-environmental scales totaled 230 independent variables. Subsets of 122 (North Slope) and 97 (South Slope) variables were used in hierarchical, exploratory, best subsets logistic regression, to determine the best predictors of salamander presence. We tested three analysis strategies: 1) linear relationships only; 2) linear, quadratic, and logistic relationships; and 3) linear, quadratic, and logistic relationships, and interactions among the covariates. The best models of salamander presence consisted of combined landscape, macro- and micro-environmental scale variables; included linear, quadratic, and pseudo-threshold (i.e., log) forms, and included interactions between variables. These models showed positive relationships of salamander presence with site conditions and plant assemblages characterizing old, less disturbed forest with closed canopy, moist, relatively warm microclimates, deep litter, and cobble and boulder-sized rock substrates. Our results suggest that mature to late-seral-forest attributes provide optimal habitat for the Siskiyou Mountains salamander. Stands of mature and older forests evenly distributed and interconnected across the geographical range of this species would likely best insure its long-term viability. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Reswood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Math, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Rogue River Siskiyou Natl Forest, Medford, OR 97501 USA. RP Welsh, HH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Reswood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM hwelsh@fs.fed.us NR 69 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 81 IS 1 BP 15 EP 36 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 160IK UT WOS:000245933900002 ER PT J AU Case, MJ Peterson, DL AF Case, Michael J. Peterson, David L. TI Growth-climate relations of lodgepole pine in the North Cascades National Park, Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUB-ALPINE CONIFERS; DOUGLAS-FIR; OLYMPIC-MOUNTAINS; RADIAL GROWTH; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; TREE-RING; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; SPATIAL PATTERNS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FOREST GROWTH AB Information about the sensitivity of lodgepole pine to climate will allow forest managers to maximize growth, better understand how carbon sequestration changes over time, and better model and predict future ecosystem responses to climate change. We examined the effects of climatic variability during the 20th century on the growth of lodgepole pine along an elevation gradient in the North Cascades National Park, Washington. Multivariate analysis and correlation analysis were used to simplify growth patterns and identify climate-growth relations. Mid-elevation chronologies correlated negatively with growing season maximum temperature and positively with growing season precipitation. By contrast, high-elevation chronologies correlated positively with annual temperatures and winter Pacific Decadal Oscillation index. Projected increases in summer temperatures will likely cause greater soil moisture stress in many forested ecosystems and the potential of extended summer drought periods over decades may significantly alter spatial patterns of productivity, thus impacting carbon storage. The productivity of lodgepole pine likely will decrease at sites with shallow, excessively drained soils, south and west facing aspects, and steep slopes, but increase at high-elevation sites. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Fire & Mt Ecol Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Case, MJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Fire & Mt Ecol Lab, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM michael.case@wwfus.org NR 69 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 20 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 81 IS 1 BP 62 EP 75 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 160IK UT WOS:000245933900005 ER PT J AU Kahlon, TS Chiu, MCM Chapman, MH AF Kahlon, Talwinder S. Chiu, Mei-Chen M. Chapman, Mary H. TI Steam cooking significantly improves in vitro bile acid binding of beets, eggplant, asparagus, carrots, green beans, and cauliflower SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE in vitro; bile acid binding; beets; okra; eggplant; asparagus; carrots; green beans; cauliflower; turnips ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L.; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; CICER-ARIETINUM; RICE BRAN; OAT BRAN; CHOLESTEROL; SALTS; CHOLESTYRAMINE; COMPONENTS; EXCRETION AB Cholesterol-lowering potential of foods and food fractions have been evaluated by determining their bile acid-binding potential. Reducing bile acid recirculation lowers cholesterol by reducing fat absorption and use of cholesterol to synthesize bile acid. Secondary bile acids increase the risk of cancer. Bile acid-binding potential is related to lowering the risk of heart disease as well as cancer prevention. Previously, we have reported bile acid binding by several uncooked vegetables. However, most vegetables are consumed after cooking. How cooking would influence in vitro bile acid binding of various vegetables was investigated using a mixture of bile acids secreted in human bile under physiologic conditions. Eight replicate incubations were conducted for each treatment simulating gastric and intestinal digestion, which included a substrate only, a bile acid mixture only, and 6 with a substrate and bile acid mixture. Cholestyramine (a cholesterol-lowering, bile acid-binding drug) was the positive control treatment, and cellulose was the negative control. Relative to cholestyramine, in vitro bile acid binding on a dry matter basis was, for beets, 18%; okra, 16%; eggplant, 14%; asparagus, 10%; carrots, 8%; green beans, 7%; cauliflower, 6%, and turnips, 1%. These results point to the significantly different (P <= .05) health-promoting potential of these vegetables (from highest to lowest, beets, okra, eggplant, asparagus, carrots and green beans, cauliflower, turnips) as indicated by their bile acid binding on a dry matter basis. Steam cooking significantly improved in vitro bile acid binding of beets, eggplant, asparagus, carrots, green beans, and cauliflower compared with previously observed bile acid-binding values for these vegetables uncooked. Inclusion of steam-cooked beets, okra, eggplant, asparagus., carrots, green beans, and cauliflower in our daily diet as health-promoting vegetables should be encouraged. These vegetables, when consumed regularly, may lower the risk of premature degenerative diseases (heart disease and cancer), improve public health, and advance human nutrition research, Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kahlon, TS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM tsk@pw.usda.gov NR 38 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 12 BP 750 EP 755 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2007.09.011 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 239RN UT WOS:000251535500003 ER PT J AU Meydani, SN Wu, DY AF Meydani, Simin Nikbin Wu, Dayong TI Age-associated intervention SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Living Well to 100 - Is Inflammation Central to Aging CY NOV, 2006 CL Tufts Univ, Boston, MA HO Tufts Univ DE aging; inflammatory response; macrophages; ceramide; sphingomyelinase; cyclooxygenase 2; prostaglandin E-2; nuclear factor-kappa B ID GLUCOSE-INTOLERANCE; MURINE MACROPHAGES; PGE(2) SYNTHESIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; UP-REGULATION; VITAMIN-E; EXPRESSION; CELLS; CYCLOOXYGENASE-2; INCREASE AB Accumulating evidence suggests that aging is associated with dysregulated immune and inflammatory responses. Investigation into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon suggests that an up-regulated cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression, and resulting increase in production of prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)), is a critical factor. Macrophages from old mice have significantly higher levels of PGE(2) production compared with those from young mice, a result of increased COX-2 expression and protein levels leading to increased COX enzyme activity. Further, it is possible that the age-associated increase in macrophage PGE(2) production is due to ceramide-induced up-regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B activation. Such processes may also occur in cell types other than macrophages, lending further insight into potential mechanisms of age-related disease. More research is necessary to determine the efficacy of nutrient/dietary modifications, such as antioxidants and lipids, for reducing the age-related increase in COX activity and PGE(2) production that are associated with several disease states. C1 [Meydani, Simin Nikbin] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Natl Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Natl Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM simin.meydani@tufts.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [R01-AG09140-09] NR 31 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 65 IS 12 BP S213 EP S216 DI 10.1301/nr.2007.dec.S213-S216 PN 2 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 245FL UT WOS:000251920400015 PM 18240551 ER PT J AU Ordovas, J AF Ordovas, Jose TI Diet/Genetic interactions and their effects on inflammatory markers SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Living Well to 100 - Is Inflammation Central to Aging CY NOV, 2006 CL Tufts Univ, Boston, MA HO Tufts Univ DE atherosclerosis; adiponectin; cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular risk; C-reactive protein; genetic interaction; inflammation; intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1; interleukin-6; Mediterranean diet; monounsaturated fat; polymorphism; polyunsaturated fatty acid; resolving E1; vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; ADIPONECTIN GENE; PLASMA-PROTEIN; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; FATTY-ACIDS; KAPPA-B; DIET AB The importance of a healthy diet to living well is well recognized. A growing array of experimental, epidemiological, and clinical studies have revealed an association between pro-inflammatory responses and the progression of numerous serious disease states, including the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Further studies have established a "diet/genetic interaction" that further modulates markers of inflammation, producing both positive and negative effects, depending on the net changes in gene expression. Yet, there are few studies that reveal the mechanisms underlying this modulation of the inflammatory response. Highlighted here are several such recent and ongoing studies that investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of diet/genetic interactions on inflammatory biomarkers, followed by a discussion of to what extent these interactions may translate into healthier aging and increased longevity. Whether these interactions translate into healthier aging and increased longevity remains to be determined; however, the prospects are enticing. C1 [Ordovas, Jose] Tufts Univ, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ordovas, Jose] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 34 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 65 IS 12 BP S203 EP S207 DI 10.1301/nr.2007.dec.S203-S207 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 245FL UT WOS:000251920400013 PM 18240549 ER PT J AU Butte, NF Christiansen, E Sorensen, TIA AF Butte, Nancy F. Christiansen, Edmund Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. TI Energy imbalance underlying the development of childhood obesity SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE weight gain; energy intake; energy expenditure; physical activity ID BODY-COMPOSITION; METABOLIC-RATE; EXPENDITURE; POPULATION; CHILDREN; GROWTH; YOUNG; INFANCY; BALANCE; WEIGHT AB Objective: To develop a model based on empirical data and human energetics to predict the total energy cost of weight gain and obligatory increase in energy intake and/or decrease in physical activity level associated with weight gain in children and adolescents. Research Methods and Procedures: One-year changes in weight and body composition and basal metabolic rate (BMR) were measured in 488 Hispanic children and adolescents. Fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) were measured by DXA and BMR by calorimetry. Model specifications include the following: body mass (BM) = FFM + FM, each with a specific energy content, cff (1.07 kcal/g FFM) and cf (9.25 kcal/g FM), basal energy expenditure (EE), kff and kf, and energetic conversion efficiency, eff (0.42) for FFM and ef (0.85) for FM. Total energy cost of weight gain is equal to the sum of energy storage, EE associated with increased BM, conversion energy (CE), and diet-induced EE (DIEE). Results: Sex- and Tanner stage-specific values are indicated for the basal EE of FFM (kff) and the fat fraction in added tissue (fr). Total energy cost of weight gain is parti tioned into energy storage (24% to 36%), increase in EE (40% to 57%), CE (8% to 13%), and DIEE (10%). Observed median (10th to 90th percentile) weight gain of 6.1 kg/yr (2.4 to 11.4 kg/yr) corresponds at physical activity level (PAL) = 1.5, 1.75, and 2.0 to a total energy cost of weight 0, gain of 244 (93 to 448 kcal/d), 267 (101 to 485 kcalld), and 290 kcal/d (110 to 527 kcal/d), respectively, and to a total energy intake of 2695 (1890 to 3730), 3127 (2191 to 4335), and 3551 (2487 to 4930) kcal/d, respectively. If weight gain is caused by a change in PAL alone and PAL(0) = 1.5 at baseline t = 0, the model indicates a drop in PAL of 0.22 (0.08 to 0.34) units, which is equivalent to 60 (18 to 105) min/d of walking at 2.5 mph. Discussion: Halting the development or progression of childhood obesity, as observed in these Hispanic children and adolescents, by counteracting its total energy costs will require a sizable decrease in energy intake and/or reciprocal increase in physical activity. C1 [Butte, Nancy F.] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Coll Med,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Christiansen, Edmund] Univ So Denmark, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Odense, Denmark. [Sorensen, Thorkild I. A.] Univ Copenhagen Hosp, Ctr Hlth & Soc, Inst Prevent Med, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Coll Med,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM nbutte@bcm.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK59264] NR 26 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD DEC PY 2007 VL 15 IS 12 BP 3056 EP 3066 DI 10.1038/oby.2007.364 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 254TF UT WOS:000252610200023 PM 18198315 ER PT J AU Polley, HW Wilsey, BJ Derner, JD AF Polley, H. Wayne Wilsey, Brian J. Derner, Justin D. TI Dominant species constrain effects of species diversity on temporal variability in biomass production of tallgrass prairie SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID PLANT-COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEM STABILITY; BIODIVERSITY; GRASSLAND; RICHNESS; ECOLOGY; SOIL; POPULATION; PATTERNS; EVENNESS AB Species diversity is thought to stabilize functioning of plant communities. An alternative view is that stability depends more on dynamics of dominant species than on diversity. We compared inter-annual variability (inverse of stability) of aboveground biomass in paired restored and remnant tallgrass prairies at two locations in central Texas, USA. Data from these two locations were used to test the hypothesis that greater richness and evenness in remnant than restored prairies would reduce variability in aboveground biomass in response to natural variation in rainfall. Restored prairies were chosen to be similar to paired remnant prairies in characteristics other than species diversity that affect temporal variability in biomass. Variability was measured as the coefficient of variation among years (square root of variance/mean; CV), where variance in community biomass equals the sum of variances of individual plant species plus the summed covariances between species pairs. Species diversity over five years was greater by a factor of 2 or more in remnant than restored prairies because richness and evenness were greater in remnant than restored prairies. Still, the CV of community biomass during spring and CV of annual biomass production did not differ consistently between prairie types. Neither the sum of species covariances nor total community biomass differed between prairies. Biomass varied relatively little in restored compared to remnant prairies because biomass of the dominant species in restored prairies (the grass Schizachyrium scoparium) varied less than did biomass of other dominant and sub-dominant species. In these grasslands, biomass response to natural variation in precipitation depended as much on characteristics of a dominant grass as on differences in diversity. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50012 USA. USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Polley, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM wpolley@spa.ars.usda.gov OI Wilsey, Brian J./0000-0002-0628-5006 NR 33 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 34 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD DEC PY 2007 VL 116 IS 12 BP 2044 EP 2052 DI 10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.16080.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 235AI UT WOS:000251205500012 ER PT J AU Lu, R Peng, Y AF Lu, Renfu Peng, Yankun TI Development of a multispectral imaging prototype for real-time detection of apple fruit firmness SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE fruit; apples; quality; firmness; multispectral imaging; scattering; near-infrared ID INFRARED DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; SOLUBLE-SOLIDS; SUGAR CONTENT; SCATTERING IMAGES; NIR-SPECTROSCOPY; PREDICTION; KIWIFRUIT; SYSTEM AB Multispectral scattering is a promising nondestructive technique for assessing the firmness of fruit. We report on the development of a laser-based multispectral imaging prototype for real-time detection of apple firmness. The prototype consists of a common aperture multispectral imaging unit, a specially designed multilaser unit, and a fruit handling unit, which simultaneously capture and process four spectral scattering images at a speed up to two fruit per second. The multispectral imaging system is tested for detecting the firmness of Golden Delicious and Red Delicious apples at a rate of one fruit every two seconds. The original 2-D scattering images are corrected by removing noise pixels and incorporating fruit size into the calculations of the scattering distance and intensity. The 1-D scattering profiles are fitted with a four-parameter Lorentzian distribution function. Multilinear regression models are developed using the four Lorentzian parameters for the four wavelengths to predict the firmness of apples. The multispectral imaging system achieves good firmness predictions with the correlation coefficient of 0.86 for both Golden Delicious and Red Delicious. The technique is fast and relatively easy to implement, and has the potential to meet the requirement for online sorting and grading of apples. (c) 2007 Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 [Lu, Renfu] Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Peng, Yankun] China Agr Univ, Coll Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Lu, R (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, 224 Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM renfu.lu@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 46 IS 12 AR 123201 DI 10.1117/1.2818812 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 258CS UT WOS:000252846600006 ER PT J AU Brown, JW AF Brown, John W. TI Confirmation of the Old World species Phricanthles flexilineana (Walker, 1863) in the New World tropics (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae : Phricanthini) SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE introduced species; Dilleniaceae; host plants; Costa Rica; Panama; Africa AB The Old World species Phricanthes flexilinena (Walker) is reported from Costa Rica and Panama for the first time, confirming a nearly century-old report that the species occurs in the New World (i.e., Guyana). Paired trapping efforts at Estacion Biologica La Selva, Costa Rica, suggest that the species is more common in the canopy (20 in high) than at ground level. Two new larval host plants are reported for the species in Costa Rica: Tetracera volubilis L. and Davilla nitia (Valh) Kubitzki (both Dilleniaceae). Circumstantial evidence suggests that the species arrived via plant material for propagation as ornamentals, and that upon arrival in the Neotropics, potential hosts of the same family were available for colonization. A similar phenomenon may be occurring in continental Africa. C1 USDA, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Dept Agr,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Brown, JW (reprint author), USDA, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Dept Agr,Natl Museum Nat Hist, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM john.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY SCIENCES, 875 HOWARD STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-3009 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 83 IS 4 BP 352 EP 357 DI 10.3956/2007-22.1 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 262ZX UT WOS:000253188500010 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Santin, M Trout, JM AF Fayer, R. Santin, M. Trout, J. M. TI Enterocytozoon bieneusi in mature dairy cattle on farms in the eastern United States SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID FECAL SAMPLES; 1ST DETECTION; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; INFECTED PATIENTS; GENOTYPES; MICROSPORIDIA; PIGS; PREVALENCE; HUMANS; TRANSMISSION AB Fecal specimens were obtained from mature milking cows on farms in Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive specimens for Enterocytozoon bieneusi were found in 24 of 541 cows examined (4.4%) and on 12 of 14 farms. The prevalence of E. bieneusi varied considerably from farm to farm, with the lowest prevalence (2.3%) on FL-2 and the highest prevalence (12.5%) on VT-2. None of the cows exhibited signs of diarrhea. All PCR-positive specimens were sequenced to determine the genotype of E. bieneusi. Five genotypes were identified. Three were identified as cattle-specific genotypes previously reported as BEB1, BEB2, and BEB4, and two new genotypes, BEB 6 and BEB7, were found. None have been reported to infect humans. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Bldg 173,BARC-E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 23 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 102 IS 1 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1007/s00436-007-0746-x PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 222OI UT WOS:000250306400002 PM 17899197 ER PT J AU Zhou, X Persaud, N Belesky, DP Clark, RB AF Zhou, X. Persaud, N. Belesky, D. P. Clark, R. B. TI Significance of transients in soil temperature series SO PEDOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE fourier analysis; organic matter; soil; temperature series; thermal diffusivity ID LOSS-ON-IGNITION; THERMAL-DIFFUSIVITY; ORGANIC-MATTER; REGION AB The primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of observation scale on the estimation of soil thermal properties. Transients are usually filtered out and ignored when classical Fourier approaches are used to deconstruct and model temperature time series. It was hypothesized that examination of such transients may be more important in identifying and quantifying short-term perturbations in internal soil heat transfer induced by agronomic disturbances. Data-logged temperatures were collected at 10-minute intervals from thermistor probes installed at 10 and 25 cm depths in isolated areas of two grassed plots. One plot (6T) had been treated twice with 6 Mg ha(-1) composted turkey litter as received. The other plot (NPK) was fertilized at the same time with NPK fertilizer. Various methods were used to analyze the series to obtain apparent soil thermal diffusivity (D-value) at various time scales. Results supported the hypothesis that short-term differences in internal soil heat transfer between the 6T and NPK plots were more manifest and effectively captured by estimated D-values calculated from the monthly and daily partial series. The 6T plot had higher soil organic matter content than the NPK plot and had lower apparent soil thermal diffusivity. Diurnal soil temperature amplitudes, required to calculate the mean D-values from partial series, were more effectively obtained using a temperature change rate method. The more commonly used Fourier analysis tended to be effective for this purpose when the partial series reasonably presented well-defined diurnal patterns of increasing and decreasing temperatures. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. ARS, AFSRC, USDA, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Zhou, X (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. EM xzz2@psu.edu NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1002-0160 J9 PEDOSPHERE JI Pedosphere PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 6 BP 766 EP 775 DI 10.1016/S1002-0160(07)60092-7 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 237PR UT WOS:000251388200011 ER PT J AU Hebbar, PK AF Hebbar, Prakash K. TI Cacao diseases: A global perspective from an industry point of view SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society Joint with the Canadian-Phytopathological-Society/Mycological-Society-of-America CY JUL 30, 2006 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Amer Phytopathol Soc, Canadian Phytopathol Soc, Mycol Soc Amer ID FROSTY POD ROT; WITCHES-BROOM PATHOGEN; TRICHODERMA-STROMATICUM; THEOBROMA-CACAO; CAUSAL AGENTS; COCOA; MYCOPARASITE; BIOCONTROL; CONIDIA; RORERI AB Diseases of cacao, Theobroma cacao, account for losses of more than 30% of the potential crop. These losses have caused a steady decline in production and a reduction in bean quality in almost all the cacao-producing areas in the world, especially in small-holder farms in Latin America and West Africa. The most significant diseases are witches' broom, caused by Moniliophthora perniciosa, which occurs mainly in South America; frosty pod rot, caused by M. roreri, which occurs mainly in Central and northern South America; and black pod disease, caused by several species of Phytophthora, which are distributed throughout the tropics. In view of the threat that these diseases pose to the sustainability of the cacao crop, Mars Inc. and their industry partners have funded collaborative research involving cacao research institutes and governmental and nongovernmental agencies. The objective of this global initiative is to develop short- to medium-term, low-cost, environmentally friendly disease-management strategies until disease tolerant varieties are widely available. These include good fanning practices, biological control and the rational or minimal use of chemicals that could be used for integrated pest management (IPM). Farmer field schools are used to get these technologies to growers. This paper describes some of the key collaborative partners and projects that are underway in South America and West Africa. C1 [Hebbar, Prakash K.] USDA, ARS, Mars Inc, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hebbar, PK (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Mars Inc, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Bldg 011A,Room 328, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Prakash.Hebbar@effem.com NR 35 TC 15 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2007 VL 97 IS 12 BP 1658 EP 1663 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-12-1658 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 240PI UT WOS:000251599100018 PM 18943730 ER PT J AU Schnell, RJ Kuhn, DN Brown, JS Olano, CT Phillips-Mora, W Amores, EM Motamayor, JC AF Schnell, R. J. Kuhn, D. N. Brown, J. S. Olano, C. T. Phillips-Mora, W. Amores, E. M. Motamayor, J. C. TI Development of a marker assisted selection program for cacao SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society Joint with the Canadian-Phytopathological-Society/Mycological-Society-of-America CY JUL 30, 2006 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Amer Phytopathol Soc, Canadian Phytopathol Soc, Mycol Soc Amer DE molecular breeding; Theobroma cacao ID RESISTANCE GENE HOMOLOGS; THEOBROMA-CACAO; PHYTOPHTHORA-PALMIVORA; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; LINKAGE MAP; GERMPLASM; COCOA; QTL; L. AB Production of cacao in tropical America has been severely affected by 14 fungal pathogens causing diseases known as witches' broom (WB, caused by Moniliophthora perniciosa), frosty pod (FP, caused by M. roreri) and black pod (BP, caused by Phytophthora spp.). BP is pan-tropical and causes losses in all producing areas. WB is found in South America and parts of the Caribbean, while FP is found in Central America and parts of South America. Together, these diseases were responsible for over 700 million US dollars in losses in 2001 (4). Commercial cacao production in West Africa and South Asia are not yet affected by WB and FP, but cacao grown in these regions is susceptible to both. With the goal of providing new disease resistant cultivars the USDA-ARS and Mars, Inc. have developed a marker assisted selection (MAS) program. Quantitative trait loci have been identified for resistance to WB, FP, and BR The potential usefulness of these markets in identifying resistant individuals has been confirmed in an experimental F-1 family in Ecuador. C1 [Schnell, R. J.; Kuhn, D. N.; Brown, J. S.; Olano, C. T.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Phillips-Mora, W.] CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. [Amores, E. M.] INIAP, Pichilingue, Ecuador. [Motamayor, J. C.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Mars Inc, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Schnell, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM Ray.Schnell@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2007 VL 97 IS 12 BP 1664 EP 1669 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-12-1664 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 240PI UT WOS:000251599100019 PM 18943731 ER PT J AU Lee, CH Zhong, RQ Richardson, EA Himmelsbach, DS McPhail, BT Ye, ZH AF Lee, Chanhui Zhong, Ruiqin Richardson, Elizabeth A. Himmelsbach, David S. McPhail, Brooks T. Ye, Zheng-Hua TI The PARVUS gene is expressed in cells undergoing secondary wall thickening and is essential for glucuronoxylan biosynthesis SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; glucuronoxylan biosynthesis; glycosyltransferase; PARVUS; secondary wall biosynthesis ID REDUCING END-GROUPS; ARABINOXYLAN BIOSYNTHESIS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; GOLGI-APPARATUS; ARABIDOPSIS; XYLAN; GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; PECTIN AB Xylan, cellulose and lignin are the three major components of secondary walls in wood, and elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway of xylan is of importance for potential modification of secondary wall composition to produce wood with improved properties. So far, three Arabidopsis glycosyl-transferases, FRAGILE FIBER8, IRREGULAR XYLEM8 and IRREGULAR XYLEM9, have been implicated in glucuronoxylan (GX) biosynthesis. In this study, we demonstrate that PARVUS, which is a member of family GT8, is required for the biosynthesis of the tetrasaccharide primer sequence, beta-D-Xyl-(1 -> 3)-alpha-L-Rha-(1 -> 2)-alpha-D-GalA-(1 -> 4)-D-Xyl, located at the reducing end of GX. The PARVUS gene is expressed during secondary wall biosynthesis in fibers and vessels, and its encoded protein is predominantly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutation of the PARVUS gene leads to a drastic reduction in secondary wall thickening and GX content. Structural analysis of GX using H-1-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed that the parvus mutation causes a loss of the tetrasaccharide primer sequence at the reducing end of GX and an absence of glucuronic acid side chains in GX. Activity assay showed that the xylan xylosyltransferase and glucuronyltransferase activities were not affected in the parvus mutant. Together, these findings implicate a possible role for PARVUS in the initiation of biosynthesis of the GX tetrasaccharide primer sequence and provide novel insights into the mechanisms of GX biosynthesis. C1 [Lee, Chanhui; Zhong, Ruiqin; Richardson, Elizabeth A.; Ye, Zheng-Hua] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Himmelsbach, David S.; McPhail, Brooks T.] USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Ye, ZH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM zhye@plantbio.uga.edu NR 46 TC 91 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 48 IS 12 BP 1659 EP 1672 DI 10.1093/pcp/pcm155 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 253GR UT WOS:000252507200001 PM 17991630 ER PT J AU Campbell, BT Bauer, PJ AF Campbell, B. T. Bauer, P. J. TI Improving the precision of cotton performance trials conducted on highly variable soils of the southeastern USA coastal plain SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Gossypium hirsutum; lint yield; fibre quality; experimental design; nearest neighbour analysis; spatial variability ID FORAGE GRASS TRIALS; YIELD TRIALS; SPATIAL VARIATION; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; VARIETY TRIALS; BREEDING TRIALS; FIBER QUALITY; BLOCK-DESIGNS; EFFICIENCY; WHEAT AB Reliable agronomic and fibre quality data generated in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivar performance trials are highly valuable. The most common strategy used to generate reliable performance trial data uses experimental design to minimize experimental error resulting from spatial variability. However, an alternative strategy uses a posteriori statistical procedures to account for spatial variability. In this study, the efficiency of the randomized complete block (RCB) design and nearest neighbour adjustment (NNA) were compared in a series of cotton performance trials conducted in the southeastern USA to identify the efficiency of each in minimizing experimental error for yield, yield components and fibre quality. In comparison to the RCB, relative efficiency of the NNA procedure varied amongst traits and trials. Results show that experimental analyses, depending on the trait and selection intensity employed, can affect cultivar or experimental line selections. Based on this study, we recommend researchers conducting cotton performance trials on variable soils consider using NNA or other spatial methods to improve trial precision. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Campbell, BT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM todd.campbell@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 126 IS 6 BP 622 EP 627 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2007.01397.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 235AK UT WOS:000251205700013 ER PT J AU Khanna, R Shen, Y Marion, CM Tsuchisaka, A Theologis, A Schafer, E Quail, PH AF Khanna, Rajnish Shen, Yu Marion, Colleen M. Tsuchisaka, Atsunari Theologis, Athanasios Schaefer, Eberhard Quail, Peter H. TI The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor PIF5 acts on ethylene biosynthesis and phytochrome signaling by distinct mechanisms SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; INTERACTING FACTOR-3; APICAL HOOK; GENE FAMILY; PHOTOSENSORY PERCEPTION; MEDIATED DEGRADATION; NEGATIVE REGULATOR; RESPONSE PATHWAY; LIGHT; TRANSDUCTION AB PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR5 (PIF5), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, interacts specifically with the photoactivated form of phytochrome B ( phyB). Here, we report that dark-grown Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings over-expressing PIF5 (PIF5-OX) exhibit exaggerated apical hooks and short hypocotyls, reminiscent of the triple response induced by elevated ethylene levels, whereas pif5 mutants fail to maintain tight hooks like those of wild-type seedlings. Silver ions, an ethylene receptor blocker, rescued the triple-response phenotype, and we show that PIF5-OX seedlings express enhanced levels of key ethylene biosynthesis enzymes and produce elevated ethylene levels. Exposure of PIF5-OX seedlings to prolonged continuous red light (Rc) promotes hypocotyl elongation relative to dark controls, the reciprocal of the Rc-imposed hypocotyl inhibition displayed by wild-type seedlings. In contrast with this PIF5-OX hyposensitivity to Rc, pif5 mutant seedlings are hypersensitive relative to wild-type seedlings. We show that this contrast is due to reciprocal changes in phyB protein levels in prolonged Rc. Compared with wild-type seedlings, PIF5-OX seedlings have reduced, whereas pif5 mutants have increased, phyB (and phyC) levels in Rc. The phyB degradation in the overexpressors depends on a functional phyB binding motif in PIF5 and involves the 26S proteasome pathway. Our data thus indicate that overexpressed PIF5 causes altered ethylene levels, which promote the triple response in darkness, whereas in the light, the interaction of photoactivated phyB with PIF5 causes degradation of the photoreceptor protein. The evidence suggests that endogenous PIF5 negatively regulates phyB-imposed hypocotyl inhibition in prolonged Rc by reducing photoreceptor abundance, and thereby photosensory capacity, rather than functioning as a signaling intermediate. C1 [Khanna, Rajnish; Shen, Yu; Marion, Colleen M.; Tsuchisaka, Atsunari; Theologis, Athanasios; Schaefer, Eberhard; Quail, Peter H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Khanna, Rajnish; Shen, Yu; Marion, Colleen M.; Tsuchisaka, Atsunari; Theologis, Athanasios; Schaefer, Eberhard; Quail, Peter H.] USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM quail@nature.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-47475, R01 GM047475] NR 54 TC 67 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD DEC PY 2007 VL 19 IS 12 BP 3915 EP 3929 DI 10.1105/tpc.107.051508 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 256AE UT WOS:000252699300009 PM 18065691 ER PT J AU Ninkovic, S Miljus-Dukic, J Radovic, S Maksimovic, V Lazarevic, J Vinterhalter, B Neskovic, M Smigocki, A AF Ninkovic, Slavica Miljus-Dukic, Jovanka Radovic, Svetlana Maksimovic, Vesna Lazarevic, Jelica Vinterhalter, Branka Neskovic, Mirjana Smigocki, Ann TI Phytodecta fornicata Bruggemann resistance mediated by oryzacystatin II proteinase inhibitor transgene SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; cystatin; leaf beetle; second instars; transgenic plants ID ALFALFA SOMATIC EMBRYOS; CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION; CONFERS RESISTANCE; INSECT RESISTANCE; SENSITIVE METHOD; MEDICAGO-SATIVA; TOBACCO; PLANTS; GENE; COLEOPTERA AB Phytodecta fornicata Braggemann is a serious pest of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) that causes significant crop loss in the Balkan peninsula of Europe. We introduced a wound-inducible oryzacystatin II (OCII) gene to alfalfa to evaluate its effect on survival of P. fornicata larvae. Feeding bioassays with second, third and fourth instars were carried out using transgenic plants that were shown to express OCII at 24 and 48 h after wounding. Second and third instars were the most sensitive to the ingestion of OCII, whereas no effects were observed with fourth instars. About 80% of the second and third instars died after 2 days of feeding on the transgenic plants as compared to 0-40% on the controls. This is the first report that demonstrates significant increase in mortality of P. fornicata on transgenic plants that express a cysteine proteinase inhibitor gene, and this knowledge should lead to the development of effective management strategies for this devastating pest of alfalfa. C1 Univ Belgrade, Inst Biol Res S Stankovic, Belgrade 11060, Serbia. Inst Genet & Genet Engn, Belgrade 11060, Serbia. USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ninkovic, S (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Inst Biol Res S Stankovic, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade 11060, Serbia. EM slavica@ibiss.bg.ac.yu NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 91 IS 3 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1007/s11240-007-9296-2 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 231BE UT WOS:000250920600012 ER PT J AU Bhat, RG Browne, GT AF Bhat, R. G. Browne, G. T. TI Genetic diversity in Populations of Phytophthora citricola associated with horticultural crops in California SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE AMOVA ID 1ST REPORT; CROWN ROT; ROOT-ROT; P-CITROPHTHORA; TRUNK CANKER; WALNUT TREES; FRUIT ROT; METALAXYL; MEFENOXAM; CACTORUM AB California populations of the plant pathogen Phytophthora citricola were examined for amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), pathogenicity on almond, and sensitivity to mefenoxam. The characterizations of AFLP variation and mefenoxam sensitivity were based on 86 isolates (44 from almond, 11 from avocado, 3 from strawberry, 18 from walnut, and 10 from six other hosts). Cluster analysis of the AFLP data using the unweighted pair group method indicated a high level of genetic diversity among the isolates, and four main clusters were identified-one dominated by isolates from almond, another including all isolates from avocado, and two including isolates from several hosts other than avocado. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 38.4 and 24.9% of the AFLP variation were associated with host and geographical factors. respectively. Of 24 isolates, including those from almond, avocado, strawberry, and walnut, 22 were aggressive on almond shoots; there was no evidence of host specificity. All but 1 of the 86 isolates grew at different rates on V8 juice medium amended with mefenoxam at 1 ppm, indicating partial tolerance to the fungicide. Isolates of P. citricola from California populations are genetically diverse, and much of the variation is associated with host and geography. These populations are all potentially pathogenic on almond and tolerant to mefenoxam. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, CPGRU, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bhat, RG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, CPGRU, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rgbhat@ucdavis.edu NR 50 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 91 IS 12 BP 1556 EP 1563 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-12-1556 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 232KE UT WOS:000251017400005 ER PT J AU Nyczepir, AP Rodriguez-Kabana, R AF Nyczepir, A. P. Rodriguez-Kabana, R. TI Preplant biofumigation with sorghum or methyl bromide compared for managing Criconemoides xenoplax in a young peach orchard SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE ring nematode; Sorghum vulgare ID CRICONEMELLA-XENOPLAX; SHORT LIFE; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; MESOCRICONEMA-XENOPLAX; PRUNING DATE; GREEN MANURE; SOIL; TREES; SITE; SUPPRESSION AB Sorghum as a preplant green manure biofumigant management system of Criconemoides xenoplax was investigated from 1998 to 2003. The study was conducted on a site infested with C. xenoplax and having a previous history of peach tree short life (PTSL). Plots consisted of five preplant treatments: (i) nonfumigated soil without tarp and urea, (ii) nonfumigated soil with tarp and urea, (iii) sorghum as a green manure without tarp and urea, (iv) sorghum as a green manure with tarp and urea, and (v) preplant methyl bromide fumigation. Sorghum as a green manure with and without tarp was comparable with methyl bromide fumigation in suppressing the population of C. xenoplax in the early stages of this experiment. Nematode population densities were suppressed 11 months longer in sorghum with tarp, and urea plots than in sorghum without tarp and urea plots. However, nematode population densities in sorghum with tarp and urea plots were not suppressed as long as in fumigated methyl bromide plots (19 versus 24 months, respectively). C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Nyczepir, AP (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM Andy.Nyczepir@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 91 IS 12 BP 1607 EP 1611 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-12-1607 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 232KE UT WOS:000251017400012 ER PT J AU Moran, PJ Showler, AT AF Moran, Patrick J. Showler, Allan T. TI Phomopsis amaranthicola and Microsphaeropsis amaranthi symptoms on Amaranthus spp. under South Texas conditions SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE biological control; cotton weeds; lower Rio Grande valley of texas ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; ALTERNARIA-ALTERNATA; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; FUNGAL PATHOGENS; WATER-DEFICIT; HOST-RANGE; PIGWEED; BIOHERBICIDE; HYBRIDUS; WEEDS AB Temperature, humidity, weed species and age, and inducible responses in the host are factors that could limit the efficacy of fungal bioherbicides. The influences of these factors on the efficacy of the fungal bioherbicides Phomopsis amaranthicola and Microsphaeropsis amaranthi against Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri), smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus), and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) were investigated in greenhouse and field studies under south Texas conditions. Despite plants being given an initial dew period, the bioherbicides, applied individually or in combination, did not cause mortality on any pigweed species in greenhouse or field environments. In greenhouse experiments, fewer than 5% of the leaves in six- to eight-leaf A. palmeri plants developed necrotic lesions within 2 weeks after bioherbicide treatment and only 8% or fewer of the plants developed stem lesions. Disease incidence was significantly higher in A. hybridus and A. retroflexus, with as much as 94% of leaves developing necrosis and 95% of the plants having stem lesions. New leaf production was reduced by biobherbicide treatment in A. hybridus. Combined-pathogen inoculation caused leaf and stem lesions on mature (13 to 36 leaves per plant) A. hybridus and A. retroflexus. Summer and fall field inoculations with M. amaranthi on A. hybridus and A. palmeri produced disease incidence levels similar to or higher than those in greenhouse tests. Infection of A. palmeri by P. amaranthicola increased the peroxidase activity level nearly twofold compared with the controls. Neither pathogen influenced leaf free amino acid content. The high temperatures and low humidity of south Texas and interspecific variation in resistance, possibly linked to peroxidase induction, limited the efficacy of these bioherbicides. C1 USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Univ, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Moran, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Univ, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM Patrick.Moran@.ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 91 IS 12 BP 1638 EP 1646 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-12-1638 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 232KE UT WOS:000251017400016 ER PT J AU Yandoc-Ables, CB Rosskopf, EN Lamb, EM AF Yandoc-Ables, Camilla B. Rosskopf, Erin N. Lamb, Elizabeth M. TI Management of Phytophthora crown rot in pumpkin and Zucchini seedlings with phosphonates SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ROOT-ROT; POTASSIUM PHOSPHONATE; CAPSICI; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TRANSLOCATION; GLUFOSINATE; ABSORPTION; CANKER; AL AB Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to determine the efficacy of two phosphonatecontaining fungicides (FNX-100 and FNX-2500) against Phytophthora crown rot of pumpkin. The experiments were designed to determine the effects of crop cultivar, application method (soil drench versus foliar spray), and phosphonate concentration on the level of effectiveness of a crown rot management strategy using phosphonates. Pumpkin cultivar, treatment (type of fungicide product), phosphonate concentration, and application method significantly influenced the level of Phytophthora crown rot control. Between the two fungicides, only FNX-100 suppressed Phytophthora crown rot in pumpkin. For cv. Phantom, the highest level of control was achieved with the drench application of 3.0% FNX-100 whereas, for cv. Spooktacular, all three concentrations of FNX-100 (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0%, vol/vol) applied as a soil drench suppressed or significantly reduced the severity of crown rot. Additional experiments using zucchini as test plants demonstrated that, at the concentrations tested, FNX-100 was more efficacious than FNX-2500 in controlling Phytophthora crown rot and that zucchini cultivar or FNX-100 concentration did not significantly influence crown rot control with phosphonates. In this study, FNX-100, which is not currently labeled for use in vegetables, provided satisfactory disease control in both pumpkin and zucchini whereas FNX-2500, a foliar fungicide comprised of the phosphate/phosphonates and copper, manganese, and zinc, did not significantly affect disease severity. This study, albeit limited in scope, showed that cultivar selection may play an important role in the successful management of Phytophthora crown rot on cucurbits with phosphonates, information which may be useful in designing additional tests and developing management strategies for pumpkin and zucchini that are grown in the field. C1 USDA ARS, US Horticultural Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Cornell Univ, New York State Integrated Pest Management Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Rosskopf, EN (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Horticultural Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM ERosskopf@ushrl.ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 91 IS 12 BP 1651 EP 1656 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-12-1651 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 232KE UT WOS:000251017400018 ER PT J AU Rossman, AY Goenaga, R Keith, L AF Rossman, A. Y. Goenaga, R. Keith, L. TI First report of Dolabra nepheliae on rambutan and Litchi in Hawaii and Puerto Rico SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR USA. USDA ARS, Trop Plant Genet Resource Management Unit, PBARC, Hilo, HI USA. RP Rossman, AY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 91 IS 12 BP 1685 EP 1685 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-12-1685C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 232KE UT WOS:000251017400034 ER PT J AU Thekkeveetil, T Hobbs, HA Wang, Y Kridelbaugh, D Donnelly, J Hartman, GL Domier, LL AF Thekkeveetil, T. Hobbs, H. A. Wang, Y. Kridelbaugh, D. Donnelly, J. Hartman, G. L. Domier, L. L. TI First report of Soybean dwarf virus in soybean in northern Illinois SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID IDENTIFICATION C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Ag View FS Inc, Princeton, IL 61356 USA. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Thekkeveetil, T (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Kridelbaugh, Donna/G-5961-2011 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 91 IS 12 BP 1686 EP 1686 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-12-1686B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 232KE UT WOS:000251017400036 ER PT J AU Phillips-Mora, W Aime, MC Wilkinson, MJ AF Phillips-Mora, W. Aime, M. C. Wilkinson, M. J. TI Biodiversity and biogeography of the cacao (Theobroma cacao) pathogen Moniliophthora roreri in tropical America SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AFLP; cocoa; frosty pod rot; ISSR; ITS; moniliasis ID FROSTY POD ROT; FUNGI; PLANT AB Moniliophthora roreri, the cause of moniliasis or frosty pod rot, occurs on the neotropical rainforest genera Theobroma and Herrania. While this basidiomycete has had devastating effects on the cacao tree (T. cacao) in tropical America, where it is confined, little is known of its biogeography and intraspecific genetic variability. Here, AFLP and ISSR profiles of 94 isolates of M. roreri from across its geographic range in Central/South America were analyzed. The study provided limited evidence to support the hypothesis that M. roreri is capable of sexual reproduction. The highest levels of genetic diversity occurred in Colombia and not in Ecuador as originally believed. The fungus was broadly divided into five genetic groups. Two of these have a wide geographic range: Bolivar group (north of Santander in Colombia, eastern Venezuela, peripheral Ecuador, Peru), and Co-West group (western Colombia, central Ecuador, Central America). The other groups are all apparently endemic to Colombia (Co-East and Co-Central groups) or north-western Ecuador (Gileri group). We speculate that central/north-eastern Colombia may represent the centre of origin for M. roreri. Sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear rDNA repeat were congruent with the AFLP/ISSR results, dividing M. roreri into two broad groups: the Orientalis group, comprising most isolates from the Co-East, Co-Central and Bolivar groups, and the Occidentalis group, comprising isolates from the Co-West and Gileri groups. The spread of M. roreri into new areas and countries mediated by human activity is discussed. C1 Trop Agr Res & Higher Educ Ctr CATIE, Turrialba 7170, Costa Rica. ARS, USDA, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Wales, Inst Biol Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, Dyfed, Wales. RP Phillips-Mora, W (reprint author), Trop Agr Res & Higher Educ Ctr CATIE, Turrialba 7170, Costa Rica. EM wphillip@catie.ac.cr RI Phillips-Mora, Wilbert/M-2281-2016 OI Phillips-Mora, Wilbert/0000-0002-7707-3705 NR 48 TC 19 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 56 IS 6 BP 911 EP 922 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01646.x PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 228WL UT WOS:000250763200001 ER PT J AU Chen, ZJ Scheffler, BE Dennis, E AF Chen, Z. Jeffrey Scheffler, Brian E. Dennis, Elizabeth TI Toward Sequencing cotton (Gossypium) Genomes SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; ALLOTETRAPLOID COTTON; POLYPLOID FORMATION; CELL ELONGATION; HIRSUTUM L.; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; FIBER QUALITY; CHROMOSOME; EVOLUTION C1 Univ Texas Austin, Sect Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas Austin, Inst Cell & Mol Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. CSIRO, Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Chen, ZJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sect Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Lacape, Jean-Marc/B-4326-2008; Dennis, Elizabeth/A-6074-2008; Rahman, Mehboob-ur-/I-7983-2015; Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim/F-5588-2015; OI Abdurakhmonov, Ibrokhim/0000-0001-9563-0686; Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119; Chen, Xiaoya/0000-0002-2909-8414; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 51 TC 104 Z9 123 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 145 IS 4 BP 1303 EP 1310 DI 10.1104/pp.107.107672 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 237SI UT WOS:000251396300023 PM 18056866 ER PT J AU Ashley, MC Longland, WS AF Ashley, Michael C. Longland, William S. TI Microsatellite evidence of facultative outcrossing in cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum): Implications for the evolution of invasiveness SO PLANT SPECIES BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE evolution; heterozygosity; invasiveness; microsatellite; mixed mating ID GENETIC-VARIATION; ECOLOGICAL GENETICS; POPULATIONS; POACEAE; PLANTS; DIFFERENTIATION; MARKERS; NEVADA; DESERT AB The presence or absence of heterozygous individuals and overall genetic variation were determined for the invasive exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum from four populations in northern Nevada using seven species-specific polymorphic di-nucleotide microsatellite markers. Allelic polymorphisms were found in all populations, but not at all loci within each population. Mean genetic diversity across loci within populations ranged from 0.009 +/- 0.006 to 0.551 +/- 0.073, across populations x = 0.234 +/- 0.043. Fifteen individuals from the total sample (8.24%) were heterozygous at 1-4 loci. Two populations exhibited no heterozygosity and the remaining two populations had relative heterozygote proportions of 22.5% and 12.1%. Facultative outcrossing is discussed as an aspect of reproductive plasticity in cheatgrass and as a mechanism promoting the evolution of invasive genotypes. C1 USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Nevada, Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol Program, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Ashley, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM dr_mc_ashley@hotmail.com NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0913-557X J9 PLANT SPEC BIOL JI Plant Spec. Biol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 197 EP 204 DI 10.1111/j.1442-1984.2007.00192.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 228WS UT WOS:000250763900006 ER PT J AU Jain, M Prasad, PVV Boote, KJ Hartwell, AL Chourey, PS AF Jain, Mukesh Prasad, P. V. Vara Boote, Kenneth J. Hartwell, Allen L., Jr. Chourey, Prem S. TI Effects of season-long high temperature growth conditions on sugar-to-starch metabolism in developing microspores of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE cell wall invertase; grain sorghum; heat stress; microsporogenesis pollen sterility; starch biosynthesis ID CELL-WALL INVERTASE; MALE GAMETOPHYTE DEVELOPMENT; TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILE; STAGE WATER-DEFICIT; POLLEN DEVELOPMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; HEAT-STRESS; ANTHER DEVELOPMENT; MALE-FERTILE AB High temperature stress-induced male sterility is ! a critical problem in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) that significantly compromises crop yields. Grain sorghum plants were grown season-long under ambient (30/20 degrees C, day-time maximum/night-time minimum) and high temperature (36/26 degrees C) conditions in sunlit Soil-Plant Atmospheric-Research (SPAR) growth chambers. We report data on the effects of high temperature on sugar levels and expression profiles of genes related to sugar-to-starch metabolism in microspore populations represented by pre- and post-meiotic "early" stages through post-mitotic "late" stages that show detectable levels of starch deposition. Microspores from high temperature stress conditlions showed starch-deficiency and considerably reduced germination, translating into 27% loss in seed-set. Sugar profiles showed significant differences in hexose levels at both "early" and "late" stages at the two temperature regimes; and most notably, undetectable sucrose and similar to 50% lower starch content in "late" microspores from heat-stressed plants. Northern blot, quantitative PCR, and immunolocalization data revealed a significant reduction in the steady-state transcript abundance of SbIncw1 gene and CWI proteins in both sporophytic as well as microgametophytic tissues under high temperature conditions. Northern blot analyses also indicated greatly altered temporal expression profiles of various genes involved in sugar cleavage and utilization (SbIncw1, SbIvr2, Sh1, and Sus1), transport (Mha1 and MST1) and starch biosynthesis (Bt2, SUI, GBSSI, and UGPase) in heat-stressed plants. Collectively, these data suggest that impairment of CWI-mediated sucrose hydrolysis and subsequent lack of sucrose biosynthesis may be the most upstream molecular dysfunctions leading to altered carbohydrate metabolism and starch deficiency under elevated growth temperature conditions. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, ARS, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Chourey, PS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM pschourey@ifas.ufl.edu RI Prasad, P.V. Vara/B-3835-2012; OI Prasad, P.V. Vara/0000-0001-6632-3361; Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 61 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD DEC PY 2007 VL 227 IS 1 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.1007/s00425-007-0595-y PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 237JP UT WOS:000251370300007 PM 17680267 ER PT J AU Shabala, S Cuin, TA Prismall, L Nemchinov, LG AF Shabala, Sergey Cuin, Tracey A. Prismall, Luke Nemchinov, Lev G. TI Expression of animal CED-9 anti-apoptotic gene in tobacco modifies plasma membrane ion fluxes in response to salinity and oxidative stress SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE membrane transport; apoptosis; programmed cell death; salinity; oxidative stress ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; K+-PERMEABLE CHANNELS; SALT TOLERANCE; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; ANTIAPOPTOTIC GENES; ABIOTIC STRESS; BARLEY ROOTS; BCL-XL; PLANTS; POTASSIUM AB Apoptosis, one form of programmed cell death (PCD), plays an important role in mediating plant adaptive responses to the environment. Recent studies suggest that expression of animal anti-apoptotic genes in transgenic plants may significantly improve a plant's ability to tolerate a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. The underlying cellular mechanisms of this process remain unexplored. In this study, we investigated specific ion flux "signatures" in Nicotiana benthamiana plants transiently expressing CED-9 anti-apoptotic gene and undergoing salt- and oxidative stresses. Using a range of electrophysiological techniques, we show that expression of CED-9 increased plant salt and oxidative stress tolerance by altering K+ and H+ flux patterns across the plasma membrane. Our data shows that PVX/ CED-9 plants are capable of preventing stress-induced K+ efflux from mesophyll cells, so maintaining intracellular K+ homeostasis. We attribute these effects to the ability of CED-9 to control at least two types of K+-permeable channels; outward-rectifying depolarization-activating K+ channels (KOR) and non-selective cation channels (NSCC). A possible scenario linking CED-9 expression and ionic relations in. plant cell is suggested. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to link "ion flux signatures" and mechanisms involved in regulation of PCD in plants. C1 Univ Tasmania, Sch Agr Sci, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. USDA, ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shabala, S (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Sch Agr Sci, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM Sergey.Shabala@utas.edu.au; Lev.Nemchinov@ars.usda.gov RI Shabala, Sergey/C-6794-2013 NR 40 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD DEC PY 2007 VL 227 IS 1 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1007/s00425-007-0606-z PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 237JP UT WOS:000251370300018 PM 17712568 ER PT J AU Sinclair, T Fiscus, E Wherley, B Durham, M Rufty, T AF Sinclair, Thomas Fiscus, Edwin Wherley, Ben Durham, Michael Rufty, Thomas TI Atmospheric vapor pressure deficit is critical in predicting growth response of "cool-season" grass Festuca arundinacea to temperature change SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE growth; tall fescue; temperature; transpiration; vapor pressure deficit ID TALL FESCUE; HUMIDITY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CONDUCTANCE; RYEGRASS; LEAVES; TRENDS AB There is a lack of information on plant response to multifactor environmental variability including the interactive response to temperature and atmospheric humidity. These two factors are almost always confounded because saturated vapor pressure increases exponentially with temperature, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) could have a large impact on plant growth. In this study using climate controlled mini-greenhouses, we examined the interacting influence of temperature and VPD on long-term growth of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb), a cool season grass. From past studies it was expected that growth of tall fescue would decline with warmer temperatures over the range of 18.5-27 degrees C, but growth actually increased markedly with increasing temperature when VPD was held constant. In contrast, growth declined in experiments where tall fescue was exposed to increasing VPD and temperature was held constant at 21 degrees C. The inhibited growth appears to be,in response to a maximum transpiration rate that can be supported by the tall fescue plants. The sensitivity to VPD indicates that if VPD remains stable in future climates as it has in the past, growth of tall fescue could well be stimulated rather than decreased by global warming in temperate climate zones. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. RP Sinclair, T (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM trsincl@ifas.ufl.edu NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD DEC PY 2007 VL 227 IS 1 BP 273 EP 276 DI 10.1007/s00425-007-0645-5 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 237JP UT WOS:000251370300026 PM 17955259 ER PT J AU Percifield, RJ Hawkins, JS McCoyz, JA Widrlechnerz, MP Wendel, JF AF Percifield, Ryan J. Hawkins, Jennifer S. McCoyz, Joe-Ann Widrlechnerz, Mark P. Wendel, Jonathan F. TI Genetic diversity in Hypericum and AFLP markers for species-specific identification of H. perforatum L SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE Hypericum; Hypericaceae; marker analysis; genetic diversity; St.John's wort ID REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; POPULATIONS; APOMIXIS; PLANT AB One of the top-selling medicinal products worldwide is Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort). Despite its cosmopolitan distribution and utilization, little is known regarding the relationship of the bioactive compounds in H. perforatum to the plants from which they are purportedly derived. In this study, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of 56 Hypericum accessions, representing 11 species, was conducted to gain a better understanding of diversity within Hypericum species, especially within cultivated accessions of H. perforatum, and to establish a molecular methodology that will provide breeders and regulators with a simple, affordable, and accurate tool with which to identify purported H. perforatum material. Utilizing four primer combinations, a total of 298 polymorphic markers were generated, of which 17 were present in all H. perforatum accessions and 2 were specific to only H. perforatum. This study demonstrates that AFLP can be utilized not only to determine the relationships of closely related Hypericum accessions, but as a tool to authenticate material in herbal remedies through the use of genetic fingerprinting. C1 [Percifield, Ryan J.; Hawkins, Jennifer S.; Wendel, Jonathan F.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [McCoyz, Joe-Ann; Widrlechnerz, Mark P.] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wendel, JF (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, 253 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jfw@iastate.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES012020, P01 ES012020-05, P01ES012020] NR 30 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 73 IS 15 BP 1614 EP 1621 DI 10.1055/s-2007-993749 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 256GJ UT WOS:000252715400017 PM 18072074 ER PT J AU Virden, WS Thaxton, JP Corzo, A Dozier, WA Kidd, MT AF Virden, W. S. Thaxton, J. P. Corzo, A. Dozier, W. A., III Kidd, M. T. TI Evaluation of models using corticosterone and adrenocorticotropin to induce conditions mimicking physiological stress in commercial broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; stress; corticosterone; adrenocorticotropin; nutrient density ID AMINO-ACID DENSITY; YOUNG CHICKENS; RESPONSES; GROWTH; METABOLISM; ACTH AB Three experiments (Exp) were conducted to delineate a suitable model for inducing conditions mimicking physiological stress with minimal bird handling. For Exp 1, Ross x Ross 308 male chicks were fed a control diet or a diet containing 5 mg of corticosterone (CS)/kg from d 1 to 7. For Exp 2, Ross x Ross 508 broilers received I of 4 dietary treatments: control; control + 4 IU/kg of BW of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)/d i.m. from d 21 to 27; control + 8 IU/kg of BW of ACTH/d i.m. from d 21 to 27; or control + 15 mg of CS/kg of diet for 14 d from 21 to 35 d of age. In Exp 3, Ross x Ross 308 broilers were fed high or low nutrient density (ND) from I to 41 d of age, and 0 or 20 mg of CS/kg of diet from 18 to 21 d of age. Performance parameters (BW gain, feed intake, feed conversion, and mortality) were measured in all 3 experiments. In Exp 1, CS administration significantly decreased BW gain and decreased feed intake and mortality. In Exp 2, although ACTH injection resulted in significantly depressed performance responses relative to the control, CS administration yielded significantly stronger results. In Exp 3, ND and CS interacted (P = 0.04) to affect feed intake from d 0 to 34. Broilers fed diets containing high ND and CS had higher feed intake than broilers fed low ND and CS. From 0 to 21 and 0 to 42 d, CS decreased feed intake. Increased dietary ND improved BW gain and feed conversion in Exp 3. Also, CS decreased and increased BW gain and feed conversion, respectively, during all periods in Exp 3. Dietary addition of CS negatively impacted performance of broilers, and increasing dietary amino acid density did not ameliorate these effects. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Kidd, MT (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. EM mkidd@poultry.msstate.edu NR 31 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 86 IS 12 BP 2485 EP 2491 DI 10.3382/ps.2006-00215 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 237SK UT WOS:000251396500002 PM 18029793 ER PT J AU Dunkley, CS McReynolds, JL Dunkley, KD Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Dunkley, C. S. McReynolds, J. L. Dunkley, K. D. Kubena, L. F. Nisbet, D. J. Ricke, S. C. TI Molting in Salmonella enteritidis-challenged laying hens fed alfalfa crumbles. III. Blood plasma metabolite response SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; laying hen; immune response; molt; Salmonella ID PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; FEED WITHDRAWAL; CANCELLOUS BONE; EGG-PRODUCTION; CAGED LAYERS; FORCED MOLT; PARAMETERS; MODEL; INDUCTION; QUALITY AB The objective of this study was to examine :An alfalfa crumble diet as an alternative molt diet and compare the physiological response of hens to the responses of feed-deprived molted hens. Hens > 50 wk old were placed into 6 treatment groups (12 hens per group m trial I and 10 hens per group in trial 2): nonmolted Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis positive (FF+), nonmolted Salmonella Enteritidis negative (FF-), feed withdrawal Salmonella Enteritidis positive (FW+), FW Salmonella Enteritidis negative (FW-), alfalfa Salmonella Enteritidis positive (ALC+), and AEC Salmonella Enteritidis negative (ALC-). Each hen in the Salmonella Enteritidis-positive groups was challenged on the fourth day of the study with 1 mL of 10(6)-cfu Salmonella Enteritidis. Blood was collected on d 2, 5, 9, and 12 of the trial. Blood plasma was collected and metabolite concentrations were analyzed for glucose, calcium, cholesterol, uric acid, total protein, and triglycerides. The feed intakes of the FF hens were 4- to 6-fold greater (P <= 0.05) than those of the ALC birds in both trials. Over the 12 d of molt, the FW+ hens lost more (P <= 0.05) BW than all other groups except the FW- hens, whereas the FW-, ALC-, and ALC+ hens lost more BW than the FF hen groups. Uric acid concentrations were generally lower in molted hens compared with the FF hen groups during the initial stages of molt. On d 9 of both trials, concentrations of calcium and total protein were higher (P <= 0.05) in the FF hens than in the other groups. The FF hen groups exhibited higher (P <= 0.05) concentrations of triglycerides than the FW and ALC groups in both trials on d 5, 9, and 12. Based on the results from these studies, ALC diets can limit some of the potential physiological stress indicators that accompany feed deprivation during an induced molt. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP McReynolds, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mcreynolds@ffsru.usda.gov NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 86 IS 12 BP 2492 EP 2501 DI 10.3382/ps.2006-00400 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 237SK UT WOS:000251396500003 PM 18029794 ER PT J AU Dunkley, CS McReynolds, JL Dunkley, KD Njongmeta, LN Berghman, LR Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Dunkley, C. S. McReynolds, J. L. Dunkley, K. D. Njongmeta, L. N. Berghman, L. R. Kubena, L. F. Nisbet, D. J. Ricke, S. C. TI Molting in Salmonella enteritidis-challenged laying hens fed alfalfa crumbles. IV. immune and stress protein resnonse SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; laying hen; immune response; molt; Salmonella ID ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; WHITE LEGHORN HENS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; COLONIZATION; SERUM; DIET; INFLAMMATION; INDUCTION; CELL AB Immunological responses of molting hens either infected or not infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis were compared in 2 trials with Single Comb White Leghorn hens > 50 wk old. The hens were placed into 6 treatment groups with 12 hens per group: nonmolted Salmonella Enteritidis positive (FF+), nonmolted Salmonella Enteritidis negative (FF-), feed withdrawal Salmonella Enteritidis positive (FW+), FW Salmonella Enteritidis negative (FW-), alfalfa Salmonella Enteritidis positive (ALC+), and ALC Salmonella Enteritidis negative (ALC-). Each hen in the Salmonella Enteritidis-positive groups was challenged on d 4 of the study with 1 mL Of 10(6)-cfu Salmonella Enteritidis, and diets were administered for 12 d. Blood samples were collected on d 2, 5, 9, and 12, and blood smears were enumerated for heterophil to lymphocyte (H:L) ratios. Serum samples were also analyzed for alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) levels and antibody level. On d 12, hens were euthanized and bile samples from the gall bladder and sections of the ileum and the ceca were collected, and an ELlSA was used to determine the intestinal, serum, and bile antibody responses. The FW+ hens produced more (P <= 0.05) cecal IgA than hens in all the other treatments except the FW-hens in trial 2. Bile IgA production in all Salmonella Enteritidis-positive groups was higher (P :5: 0.05) than in the Salmonella Enteritidis-negative groups, with the exception of the ALC- hens. In trial I on d 5, FW+ hens produced less (P <= 0.05) serum IgG than ALC-, FF-, and FW- hens but not FF+ and ALC+ hens, whereas in trial 2, only FW-hens had lower IgG levels than FW+ hens. On d 9, FW groups exhibited increases in the H:L ratios, but on d 12, these declined to levels more similar to the other treatments. The FW hen groups yielded generally higher AGP levels compared with the other treatments on d 9 and 12 in both trials. The ALC molt diets appeared to reduce stress and inflammation, based on the H:L ratios and AGP levels in the serum, when compared with FW-molted hens. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP McReynolds, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM mcreynolds@ffsru.usda.gov NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 86 IS 12 BP 2502 EP 2508 DI 10.3382/ps.2006-00401 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 237SK UT WOS:000251396500004 PM 18029795 ER PT J AU Pavlidis, HO Balog, JM Stamps, LK Hughes, JD Huff, WE Anthony, NB AF Pavlidis, H. O. Balog, J. M. Stamps, L. K. Hughes, J. D., Jr. Huff, W. E. Anthony, N. B. TI Divergent selection for ascites incidence in chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicken; ascites; divergent selection; hypobaric hypoxia; heritability ID PULMONARY-HYPERTENSION SYNDROME; RIGHT VENTRICULAR FAILURE; MEAT-TYPE CHICKENS; BROILER-CHICKENS; HYPOBARIC CHAMBER; OXYGEN LEVEL; BODY-WEIGHT; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MODEL; HYPERTROPHY AB Chicken lines that were either resistant or susceptible to ascites syndrome were developed by using a hypobaric chamber to induce the disease. Birds were reared in a hypobaric chamber that simulated high altitude by operating under a partial vacuum, which thereby lowered the partial pressure of oxygen. Ascites mortality data from birds reared under hypobaric chamber conditions were used to select siblings to be used for breeding. The response to selection for the susceptible (SUS) and resistant (RES) lines of chickens was very rapid from the base population, which exhibited an incidence of ascites of 75.3%. Extremes in the incidence of ascites were observed in generation 8, with line SUS exhibited an average incidence of ascites of 95.1%, and in generation 9, with line RES exhibited an average incidence of ascites of 7.1%. The incidence of ascites in the relaxed line remained relatively stable and currently has a general incidence of ascites of 60%. The heritability estimates SE for ascites were estimated to be 0.30 +/- 0.05 and 0.55 +/- 0.05 for lines SUS and RES, respectively. Changes in the incidence of ascites appeared to be associated with livability. By generation 10, selection for ascites in line RES increased livability by 11.5 d, whereas in line SUS, livability was decreased by 8 d. Although divergent selection for ascites resulted in a reduction in d 42 BW for both the SUS and RES lines, the SUS line was approximately 163 g heavier than the RES line. Negative genetic correlations between ascites and the right ventricleftotal ventricle (RV:TV) ratio were observed in both the SUS and RES lines; however, no significant change in the RV:TV ratio was observed for birds reared under normal conditions in either line. The current data raise questions about the validity of using the RV:TV ratio as an indicator trait in a selection program designed to reduce the incidence of ascites. Overall, direct selection for resistance to ascites by using sire family performance appeared to be an effective means of reducing the incidence of ascites. However, simultaneous selection for BW should be applied to counterbalance the losses in correlated BW. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Anthony, NB (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM nanthony@uark.edu NR 38 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 86 IS 12 BP 2517 EP 2529 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00134 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 237SK UT WOS:000251396500006 PM 18029797 ER PT J AU Smith, DP Young, LL AF Smith, D. P. Young, L. L. TI Marination pressure and phosphate effects on broiler breast fillet yield, tenderness, and color SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE marination; pressure tumbling; cook yield; tenderness; breast meat quality ID SHEAR VALUES; BINDING-PROPERTIES; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; MEAT; CHICKEN; POLYPHOSPHATES; QUALITY; ABSORPTION; RETENTION; MUSCLE AB In the United States a large percentage of raw poultry meat is marinated prior to cooking. Many products are marinated by vacuum tumbling meat with a mixture of water, salt, and phosphates to increase cook yield and perceived tenderness. This study was designed to determine the effect of 3 pressure treatments (ambient, vacuum, or positive) and phosphate on yield, tenderness, and color on broiler breast meat. In each of 3 replicate trials, 60 broiler breast fillets were randomly assigned to a tumble marination treatment of 1) ambient tumble pressure (101 kPa); 2) vacuum tumble pressure (50 kPa); or 3) positive tumble pressure (204 kPa). Each pressure treatment was conducted with and without phosphate in the marination solution. Marination tumblers were operated at 15 rpm for 20 min at a temperature of 3 degrees C. Broiler breast fillets were weighed (raw, immediately after marination, I h postmarination, and after cooking), sheared after cooking with a Warner-Bratzler device, and evaluated for color (CIE L*, a*, and b*) before marination and after cooking. Pressure and phosphate treatment combinations did not significantly (P < 0.05) affect marinated or drip weights, Warner-Bratzler shear values, cooked b*, or percent drip loss. There was no effect of pressure treatment except for marinade uptake, where ambient tumble uptake was 12.7%, which was significantly higher than positive tumble (11.4%); vacuum tumble uptake (12.0%) was not different from either. Phosphate significantly increased cook weight (from 94.9 to 106.1 g) and cook yield (from 76.6 to 86.1%); L* and a* values were slightly but significantly decreased. Type of pressure during tumble marination had no effect except on marinade uptake, but the effect disappeared with 1 h holding time and cooking. Phosphate improved cook weight and yield. These data show that vacuum pressure during tumbling is not necessary, but phosphate is important to cook yields. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Smith, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM douglas.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 12 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 86 IS 12 BP 2666 EP 2670 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00144 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 237SK UT WOS:000251396500023 PM 18029814 ER PT J AU Arnold, JW AF Arnold, J. W. TI Bacterial contamination on rubber picker fingers before, during, and after processing SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rubber picker finger; biofilm; defeathering; poultry; cross-contamination ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; BIOFILM FORMATION; POULTRY; SKIN; ATTACHMENT; ELECTRON AB Numbers of bacteria on rubber picker fingers collected from processing plants for 3 industrial processors were assessed in 3 separate trials for each plant. After 5 d in use, picker fingers were removed from the front, center, and back of an inline picker, including locations to the right and left of the processing line. Assessment indicated that the levels of bacteria present immediately after processing vary widely. Bacterial density on picker finger sections ranged from log(10) cfu = 0 to 5.41 in 2 of the 3 processing plants from which picker fingers were obtained. Higher counts (ranging from log(10) cfu = 3.23 to 7.33) were assessed on picker fingers from a third plant. The effect of location of fingers in the picker machine on bacterial counts was tested in 2 trials at each of 2 processing plants. There was no difference between the counts on fingers collected from the right or left of the picker machine for either plant. There was a difference (P < 0.05) among the counts on fingers collected in the forward direction, from front, center, and exit end, for I of the plants. No bacterial growth occurred in samples from new rubber picker fingers obtained from any of the processors. On rubber fingers with initially lower bacterial counts, microbial growth increased when incubated without additional disinfectant treatment. The bacte (P < 0.05) above that of bacteria on inline fingers. These results indicate that intervention early in the picking process could enhance sanitation practices and pathogen control. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Arnold, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM judy.arnold@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 86 IS 12 BP 2671 EP 2675 DI 10.3382/ps.2007-00187 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 237SK UT WOS:000251396500024 PM 18029815 ER PT J AU Yang, CG Everitt, JH Bradford, JM AF Yang, Chenghai Everitt, James H. Bradford, Joe M. TI Airborne hyperspectral imagery and linear spectral unmixing for mapping variation in crop yield SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE fraction; endmember; linear spectral unmixing; hyperspectral imagery; narrow-band NDVI; yield monitor; yield variability ID ADJUSTED VEGETATION INDEX; REMOTE-SENSING IMAGERY; MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES; ENDMEMBER SELECTION; VARIABILITY; COTTON; SITE AB Spectral unmixing techniques can be used to quantify crop canopy cover within each pixel of an image and have the potential for mapping the variation in crop yield. This study applied linear spectral unmixing to airborne hyperspectral imagery to estimate the variation in grain sorghum yield. Airborne hyperspectral imagery and yield monitor data recorded from two sorghum fields were used for this study. Both unconstrained and constrained linear spectral unmixing models were applied to the hyperspectral imagery with sorghum plants and bare soil as two endmembers. A pair of plant and soil spectra derived from each image and another pair of ground-measured plant and soil spectra were used as endmember spectra to generate unconstrained and constrained soil and plant cover fractions. Yield was positively related to the plant fraction and negatively related to the soil fraction. The effects of variation in endmember spectra on estimates of cover fractions and their correlations with yield were also examined. The unconstrained plant fraction had essentially the same correlations (r) with yield among all pairs of endmember spectra examined, whereas the unconstrained soil fraction and constrained plant and soil fractions had r-values that were sensitive to the spectra used. For comparison, all 5151 possible narrow-band normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVIs) were calculated from the 102-band images and related to yield. Results showed that the best plant and soil fractions provided better correlations than 96.3 and 99.9% of all the NDVIs for fields 1 and 2, respectively. Since the unconstrained plant fraction could represent yield variation better than most narrow-band NDVIs, it can be used as a relative yield map especially when yield data are not available. These results indicate that spectral unmixing applied to hyperspectral imagery can be a useful tool for mapping the variation in crop yield. C1 [Yang, Chenghai; Everitt, James H.; Bradford, Joe M.] USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Yang, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM chenghai.yang@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2256 J9 PRECIS AGRIC JI Precis. Agric. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 8 IS 6 BP 279 EP 296 DI 10.1007/s11119-007-9045-x PG 18 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 245XH UT WOS:000251971600004 ER PT J AU Sadler, EJ Sudduth, KA Jones, JW AF Sadler, E. John Sudduth, Kenneth A. Jones, James W. TI Separating spatial and temporal sources of variation for model testing in precision agriculture SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE model evaluation; validation; spatial variation; temporal variation ID CROP MODELS; ERROR AB The application of crop simulation models in precision agriculture research appears to require only the specification of some input parameters and then running the model for each desired location in a field. Reports in the extensive literature on modeling have described independent tests for different cultivars, soil types and weather, and these have been presumed to validate the model performance in general. However, most of these tests have evaluated model performance for simulating mean yields for multiple plots in yield trials or in other large-area studies. Precision agriculture requires models to simulate not only the mean, but also the spatial variation in yield. No consensus has emerged about how to test model performance rigorously, or what level of performance is sufficient. In addition, many measures of goodness of fit between the observed and simulated data (i.e., model performance) depend on the range of variation in the observed data. If, for example, inter-annual and spatial sources of variation are combined in a test, poor performance in one might be masked by good performance in the other. Our objectives are to: (1) examine research aims that are common in precision agriculture, (2) discuss expectations of model performance, and (3) compare several traditional and some alternative measures of model performance. These measures of performance are explained with examples that illustrate their limitations and strengths. The risk of relying on a test that combines spatial and temporal data was shown with data where the overall fit was good (r(2) > 0.8), but the fit within any year was zero. Information gained using these methods can both guide and help to build confidence in future modeling efforts in precision agriculture. C1 [Sadler, E. John; Sudduth, Kenneth A.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Jones, James W.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sadler, EJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM John.Sadler@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2256 J9 PRECIS AGRIC JI Precis. Agric. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 8 IS 6 BP 297 EP 310 DI 10.1007/s11119-007-9046-9 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 245XH UT WOS:000251971600005 ER PT J AU Walthall, CL Pachepsky, Y Dulaney, WP Timlin, DJ Daughtry, CST AF Walthall, C. L. Pachepsky, Y. Dulaney, W. P. Timlin, D. J. Daughtry, C. S. T. TI Exploitation of spatial information in high resolution digital imagery to map leaf area index SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE leaf area index; spectral vegetation index; variogram; mapping; cross-validation; residual maximum likelihood method (REML) ID REFLECTANCE; INSTRUMENT; RETRIEVAL AB Crop responses to management practices and the environment, as quantified by leaf area index (LAI), provide decision-making criteria for the delineation of crop management zones. The objective of this work was to investigate whether spatial correlations inferred from remotely sensed imagery can be used to interpolate and map LAI using a relatively small number of ground-based LAI measurements. Airborne imagery was recorded with the Airborne Imaging Spectrometer for Applications (AISA) radiometer over a 3.2 ha corn field. Spectral vegetation indexes (SVI) were derived from the image and aggregated to cells of 2 x 2 m(2), 4 x 4 m(2), and 8 x 8 m(2) resolution. The residual maximum likelihood method was used to estimate the LAI variogram parameters. A generalized least squares regression was used to relate ground truth LAI data and collocated image pixels. This regression result was then used to convert variograms from the imagery to LAI units as well as to interpolate and map LAI. The decrease in resolution by merging pixels led to an increase in the value of the r(2) and to a decrease in root mean-squared error (RMSE) values. The accuracy of kriged estimates from the variogram of the measured LAI and that from the image derived variograms was estimated by cross-validation. There was no difference in the accuracy of the estimates using either variograms from measured LAI values or from those of converted SVIs. Maps of LAI from ground-based measurements made by kriging the data with image-derived variogram parameters were similar to those obtained by with kriging with the variogram of measured LAI. Similar coarse spatial trends of high, medium and low LAI were evident for both maps. Variogram parameters from ground-based measurements of LAI compared favorably with those derived from remotely sensed imagery and could be used to provide reasonable results for the interpolation of LAI measurements. C1 [Pachepsky, Y.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbiol Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Dulaney, W. P.; Daughtry, C. S. T.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Timlin, D. J.] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Pachepsky, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbiol Safety Lab, Bldg 173,Powder Mill Rd,BARC-EAST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Yakov.Pachepsky@ars.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2256 J9 PRECIS AGRIC JI Precis. Agric. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 8 IS 6 BP 311 EP 321 DI 10.1007/s11119-007-9048-7 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 245XH UT WOS:000251971600006 ER PT J AU Racine, FM Saha, BC AF Racine, F. Michael Saha, Badal C. TI Production of mannitol by Lactobacillus intermedius NRRL B-3693 in fed-batch and continuous cell-recycle fermentations SO PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mannitol production; Lactobacillus intermedius; pH-controlled fermentation; fed-batch fermentation; continuous cell-recycle fermentation; lactic acid bacterium ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; BIOREACTOR AB Improved fermentation processes were developed for the production of mannitol by a heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium (Lactobacillus intermedius NRRL B-3693). A fed-batch fermentation protocol overcame limitations caused by high substrate concentrations. The process was developed using corn steep liquor and glucose as inexpensive industrial nutrient sources, supplemented with a small amount of soy peptone and manganese. The fed-batch process resulted in a concentration of 176 +/- 0.5 g mannitol from 184 +/- 0 g fructose and 92 +/- 0.1 g glucose per L of final fermentation broth in 30 h with a volumetric productivity of 5.9 g/(L h). Further increases in volumetric productivity of mannitol were obtained in a continuous cell-recycle fermentation process that reached more than 40 g/(L h), despite reduced mannitol levels of 78-98 g/L and residual substrate of 10-20 g/L. This is the first report of such a high volumetric productivity of mannitol by a heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Racine, F. Michael] ZuChem Inc, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Saha, Badal C.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Racine, FM (reprint author), ZuChem Inc, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Mike.Racine@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-5113 J9 PROCESS BIOCHEM JI Process Biochem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1609 EP 1613 DI 10.1016/j.procbio.2007.09.001 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 250HA UT WOS:000252289400006 ER PT J AU Wilkins, MR Widmer, WW Grohmann, K AF Wilkins, Mark R. Widmer, Wilbur W. Grohmann, Karel TI Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of citrus peel waste by Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce ethanol SO PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ethanol; citrus; yeast; fermentation; enzymes; D-limonene ID ORANGE-PEEL; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HYDROLYSIS; YEASTS; ACID; OIL; BIOTRANSFORMATION; PRETREATMENT; LIMONENE; GROWTH AB The effects Of D-limonene concentration, enzyme loading, and pH on ethanol production from simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of citrus peel waste by Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied at 37 degrees C. Prior to SSF, citrus peel waste underwent a steam explosion process to remove more than 90% of the initial D-limonene present in the peel waste. D-Limonene is known to inhibit yeast growth and experiments were performed where D-limonene was added back to peel to determine threshold inhibition amounts. Ethanol concentrations after 24 h were reduced in fermentations with initial D-limonene concentrations greater than or equal to 0.33% (v/v) and final (24 h) D-limonene concentrations greater than or equal to 0.14% (v/v). Ethanol production was reduced when enzyme loadings were (IU or FPU/g peel dry solids) less than 25, pectinase; 0.02, cellulase; and 13, beta-glucosidase. Ethanol production was greatest when the initial pH of the peel waste was adjusted to 6.0. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wilkins, Mark R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Widmer, Wilbur W.; Grohmann, Karel] USDA ARS, SAA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Res Inst, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Wilkins, MR (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 111 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM mark.wilkins@okstate.edu RI Wilkins, Mark/C-1339-2009 OI Wilkins, Mark/0000-0002-9551-5386 NR 27 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-5113 J9 PROCESS BIOCHEM JI Process Biochem. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1614 EP 1619 DI 10.1016/j.procbio.2007.09.006 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 250HA UT WOS:000252289400007 ER PT J AU Neinchinov, LG Natilla, A AF Neinchinov, Lev G. Natilla, Angela TI Transient expression of the ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) of avian influenza A virus in plants SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION LA English DT Article DE plant-derived vaccines; avian influenza virus; M2 extracellular domain ID VACCINE; DELIVERY; VECTOR; SYSTEM AB We have previously reported an expression system based on the capsid protein gene (CP) of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) placed under transcriptional control of a potato virus X (PVX)-based vector. PVX-expressed CMV CP formed virus-like particles, which served as carriers for heterologous antigens of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). In this work, we applied our expression tool toward the development of plant-derived vaccine candidate against avian influenza A virus. Twenty-three amino acid-long extracellular domain of the viral M2 protein (M2e) was engineered into the internal motif 5 of CMV CP and the recombinant gene then was transiently expressed in plants through a PVX vector. Chimeric CMV capsids reacted with specific antibodies produced to synthetic M2e epitope of the H5N1 strain of the virus. In addition, CMV CP-M2e protein was expressed to high levels in Escherichia coli bacterial cells and was recognized by antibodies to both CMV and M2e. This initial study demonstrates the feasibility of using plant virus-based vectors for expression of antigenic epitopes of H5N1 avian influenza in plants. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci Inst, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Neinchinov, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Inst, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Lev.Nemchinov@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-5928 J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF JI Protein Expr. Purif. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 56 IS 2 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.pep.2007.05.015 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 236OK UT WOS:000251312300002 PM 17644356 ER PT J AU Nord, M Hopwood, H AF Nord, Mark Hopwood, Heather TI Does interview mode matter for food security measurement? Telephone versus in-person interviews in the Current Population Survey Food Security Supplement SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE food security; food security measurement; interview; interview mode; survey administration; current population survey; food security supplement; household food security survey module; telephone interview AB Objective: To assess whether interview mode (telephone vs. in-person) affects the results of surveys that measure food security. Design: Responses given by households interviewed by telephone and in-person in recent US Current Population Survey Food Security Supplements (CPS-FSS) were compared. Statistical methods based on the Rasch measurement model were used to assess whether response patterns differed between the two interview modes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was then used to gauge the effect of interview mode on the measured household prevalence rates of food insecurity and very low food security while controlling for income, employment, household structure, and other household characteristics that affect food security. Results: Response patterns to the indicators that comprise the food security scale did not differ substantially between interview modes. Prevalence rates of food insecurity and very low food security estimated from the two interview modes differed by only small proportions after accounting for differences in the socioeconomic characteristics of households. Conclusions: Findings suggest that effects of interview mode on food security measurement in the CPS-FSS are small, or at most modest. Prevalence estimates may be biased upwards somewhat for households interviewed in-person compared with those interviewed by telephone. The extent to which these results can be generalised may depend, to some extent, on survey characteristics other than interview mode, such as surveyor name recognition and respondents' trust and confidence in the surveyor. C1 [Nord, Mark] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Hopwood, Heather] USDA, Food & Nutr Serv, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. RP Nord, M (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM marknord@ers.usda.gov NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 10 IS 12 BP 1474 EP 1480 DI 10.1017/S1368980007000857 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 245UC UT WOS:000251963300010 PM 17686207 ER PT J AU Tian, P Jiang, X Zhong, WM Jensen, HM Brandl, M Bates, AH Engelbrektson, AL Mandrell, R AF Tian, Peng Jiang, Xi Zhong, Weiming Jensen, Hanne M. Brandl, Maria Bates, Anna H. Engelbrektson, Anna L. Mandrell, Robert TI Binding of recombinant norovirus like particle to histo-blood group antigen on cells in the lumen of pig duodenum SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE norovirus; histo-blood group antigen (HBGA); pig duodenum; zoonotic pathogen; disease model ID EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PATTERNS; VIRUSES AB Histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) expressed on cells in the human GI tract have been shown to function as receptors for noro-viruses. In concordance with earlier reports (Backer et al., 1997; Yamamoto and Yamamoto, 2001), this study found that individual pigs are either HBGA type A positive or type H1 (type O) positive. Recombinant norovirus like particles from a genogroup I (rNVLP) or three genogroup II (rMOH, rVA207, and rVA387) strains bound to plates coated with pig gastro-intestinal washings with similar binding patterns to humans. The binding of human norovirus like particles was inhibited by pre-incubating the wells with MAbs specific for either type A or type H1 HBGA, or by the presence of free HBGAs from human saliva. Co-localization of rNVLP and corresponding HBGA on epithelial cells of pig gastro-intestinal tissue (PGIT) was also observed. These findings suggest that rNVLP binds to HBGAs expressed on PGIT epithelial cells. This is the first report of the specific binding of human rNVLP to HBGAs in epithelial cells of pig gastrointestinal tissue. It highlights the importance of further study of human norovirus incidence and potential infection and residence in non-human animal hosts and suggests the possibility that norovirus may be a zoonotic pathogen. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, Western Reg Res Ctr,Proude Safety & Microbiol Res, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med Pathol, Media Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Tian, P (reprint author), USDA, Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, Western Reg Res Ctr,Proude Safety & Microbiol Res, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ptian@pw.usda.gov RI Engelbrektson, Anna/K-5563-2012; Engelbrektson, Anna/F-1687-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI37093] NR 15 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0034-5288 J9 RES VET SCI JI Res. Vet. Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 83 IS 3 BP 410 EP 418 DI 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.01.017 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 220DL UT WOS:000250137000018 PM 17379264 ER PT J AU Gaines, WL Haggard, M Lehmkuhl, JF Lyons, AL Harrod, RJ AF Gaines, William L. Haggard, Maryellen Lehmkuhl, John F. Lyons, Andrea L. Harrod, Richy J. TI Short-term response of land birds to Ponderosa pine restoration SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cascade Range; forest restoration; land birds; Ponderosa pine ID FIR FORESTS; WASHINGTON; MOUNTAINS; INDICATOR; VARIABILITY; CASCADES; DENSITY; HISTORY; SUCCESS; OREGON AB We monitored the short-term (> 3 years) response of land birds to forest restoration treatments in Ponderosa pine forests located on the east slope of the North Cascade Range. Restoration treatments were designed to create stand structure and composition similar to pre-settlement forests, which were influenced by a frequent fire regime. Overall, avian community composition was changed as a result of the treatments. Cassin's Finch, Chipping Sparrow, and Yellow-rumped Warbler were found at higher densities in treated stands, whereas Mountain Chickadee, Western Tanager, and Red-breasted Nuthatch had higher densities in untreated stands. White-headed Woodpecker and Western Bluebird were only detected in the treated stands. Brown-headed Cowbird showed no response to treatments. We detected changes in the density of four of five foraging guilds in response to restoration treatments. Tree seedeaters, low understory and ground insectivores, and aerial insectivores all increased in density in treated stands. Overall, bark insectivores showed no density response to treatments. Tree foliage insectivore density was lower in treated than in untreated stands. Overall avian density, density of neotropical migrants, and density of some focal species were higher in treated stands. Monitoring should be continued to understand the longer-term (5-10 year) responses of land birds and to guide future forest restoration efforts. C1 [Gaines, William L.; Lyons, Andrea L.; Harrod, Richy J.] Okanogan & Wenatchee Natl Forests, US Forest Serv, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Haggard, Maryellen; Lehmkuhl, John F.] Pacific NW Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Gaines, WL (reprint author), Okanogan & Wenatchee Natl Forests, US Forest Serv, 215 Melody Lane, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM wgaines@fs.fed.us NR 56 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 15 IS 4 BP 670 EP 678 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 239YX UT WOS:000251555300010 ER PT J AU Dodson, EK Metlen, KL Fiedler, CE AF Dodson, Erich K. Metlen, Kerry L. Fiedler, Carl E. TI Common and uncommon understory species differentially respond to restoration treatments in ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests, Montana SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diversity; fuel reduction; indicator species; locally rare species; prescribed burning; thinning ID WESTERN MONTANA; PINE FORESTS; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; PLANT DIVERSITY; INVASION RESISTANCE; BLACK-HILLS; DISTURBANCE; VEGETATION; MANAGEMENT; GRASSLAND AB Restoration treatments have been widely advocated to address declining conditions in Pinus ponderosa forests throughout the western United States. However, few studies have examined treatment effects on individual plant species or whether responses differ for common species and uncommon species (those with low abundance in the community)-information that may be critical in managing for long-term biodiversity. We investigated understory species responses to restoration treatments in ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests using a randomized block experimental design with three blocks and four treatments (control, burn-only, thin-only, and thin-burn). Understory vegetation was sampled before treatment and for three consecutive years after treatment. We used richness and an index of uniqueness to compare responses of common and uncommon native understory species among treatments, and indicator species analysis to identify individual species that responded to each treatment. Treatments that included thinning had significantly more unique species assemblages than the control. The thin-only treatment increased common native species richness, whereas all active treatments significantly increased uncommon native species richness over the control, especially the thin-burn. Generally, life-forms did not explain the responses of individual species, though in the final sampling year several graminoids were exclusively indicative of treatments that included thinning. Very few species had reduced abundance in the thinning and burning treatments by the final sample year, whereas many uncommon and short-lived species benefited from active treatments, especially the combined thin-burn treatment. Active restoration treatments in these forests may foster plant diversity by minimally impacting common species while significantly benefiting disturbance-dependent native species. C1 [Dodson, Erich K.; Metlen, Kerry L.; Fiedler, Carl E.] Univ Montana, Dept Forest Management, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Dodson, Erich K.] Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Dodson, EK (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Forest Management, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM kyledodtnu@aol.com NR 77 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 15 IS 4 BP 696 EP 708 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 239YX UT WOS:000251555300013 ER PT J AU Ribaudo, MO Johansson, RC AF Ribaudo, Marc O. Johansson, Robert C. TI Nutrient management use at the rural-urban fringe: Does demand for environmental quality play a role? SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID 3 MIDWEST WATERSHEDS; PROTECTION PRACTICES; ADOPTION; FARMERS; VIRGINIA AB There are relatively few federal regulations that influence U.S. agricultural production. However, local concerns over environmental quality may influence the management practices on farms. A detailed analysis of corn farms yields insight into this relationship and its implications for the use of cropland best management practices. Our findings suggest that increased contact between working farms and suburban and exurban populations likely increase the use of nutrient management plans, a management-intensive conservation practice. However, nutrient management practices were not found to be associated with waters listed as impaired because of nutrient pollution. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Ribaudo, MO (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 29 IS 4 BP 689 EP 699 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2007.00381.x PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 228SB UT WOS:000250751500005 ER PT J AU Briggeman, BC Gray, AW Morehart, MJ Baker, TG Wilson, CA AF Briggeman, Brian C. Gray, Allan W. Morehart, Mitchell J. Baker, Timothy G. Wilson, Christine A. TI A new US farm household typology: Implications for agricultural policy SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID INCOME; LABOR; RESTRICTIONS; UNCERTAINTY; BEHAVIOR; FUTURE AB Changes in U.S. agriculture have yielded a diversity of farm types. These changes have extended beyond the farm business and into the farm household. The objective of this research is to motivate, develop, and discuss the policy implications of a new typology of U.S. farm households, which is based on household economic theory Using the 2003 Agricultural Resource Management Survey and statistical analysis, the U.S. Farm Household. Typology identifies six mutually exclusive groups of U.S. farm households. This typology is then compared to the current Economic Research Service Farm Typology and used to investigate the distribution of government payments. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Briggeman, BC (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 29 IS 4 BP 765 EP 782 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2007.00386.x PG 18 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 228SB UT WOS:000250751500010 ER PT J AU Huang, CL Lin, BH AF Huang, Chung L. Lin, Biing-Hwan TI A hedonic analysis of fresh tomato prices among regional markets SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC PRODUCE; CONSUMER PREFERENCES; ATTITUDES; DEMAND; FOODS AB This study uses the 2004 ACNielsen Homescan panel data to estimate the price premiums and discounts associated with fresh tomatoes among regional markets, focusing on the organic attribute. The results suggest that consumers paid $0.25/lb more for organic fresh tomatoes in the New York-Philadelphia market. The organic premiums are estimated to be $0.14/lb in the Chicago-Baltimore/Washington and Los Angeles-San Francisco markets and $0.29/lb in the Atlanta-San Antonio market. Furthermore, tomato prices consumers paid in 2004 varied by household characteristics, including income, age, and the race and ethnicity of the head of the household. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Huang, CL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 39 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD WIN PY 2007 VL 29 IS 4 BP 783 EP 800 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2007.00387.x PG 18 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 228SB UT WOS:000250751500011 ER PT J AU Gray, TW AF Gray, Thomas W. TI Truman Torgerson: Leadership straight from the shoulder SO RURAL SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 USDA, Rural Dev Cooperat Programs, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Gray, TW (reprint author), USDA, Rural Dev Cooperat Programs, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RURAL SOCIOLOGICAL SOC PI COLUMBIA PA 104 GENTRY HALL, UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA SN 0036-0112 J9 RURAL SOCIOL JI Rural Sociol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 72 IS 4 BP 654 EP 657 PG 4 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA 236YF UT WOS:000251338700010 ER PT J AU Uddin, MI Rashid, MH Khan, N Perveen, MF Tai, TH Tanaka, K AF Uddin, Md. I. Rashid, Md. H. Khan, N. Perveen, Mst. F. Tai, T. H. Tanaka, K. TI Selection of promising salt tolerant rice mutants derived from cultivar 'Drew' and their antioxidant enzymes activity under salt stress SO SABRAO JOURNAL OF BREEDING AND GENETICS LA English DT Article DE rice; mutant; salt-tolerance; antioxidant enzyme ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GROWTH; DAMAGE; CHLOROPLASTS; VARIETIES; RESPONSES; POTATO; LEAVES AB Four salt tolerant rice mutant lines were identified by screening 400 M-2 families derived from the tropical japonica cultivar 'Drew' after Gamma irradiation. The selected lines had significantly higher number of filled grains, lower grain sterility, and higher grain yield as compared with their parent 'Drew' when grown under the NaCl stress of 10dSm(-1) EC. The mutant lines gave 8-9 times as much grain yield as the parent under salt stress and yielded 45-60% of the grain yield of the parent without salt stress. The activity of anti-oxidant enzymes was determined in the salt tolerant lines as well as their parent under 200mM NaCl stress. Salt stress enhanced the activities of the ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and superoxide dismulase (SOD) in the selected mutants; whereas, there was a decrease in the catalase (CAT) activity. The induction of APX, GR, and SOD was higher in the rice mutants indicating that they have the ability to up-regulate their antioxidative system in order to cope with the salt-induced stress. Increased antioxidant enzyme activity was one of the NaCl-stress tolerance mechanisms of the salt tolerant rice mutants obtained in this study. C1 [Uddin, Md. I.; Tanaka, K.] Tottori Univ, Fac Agr, Lab Plant Biotechnol, Tottori 6808553, Japan. [Rashid, Md. H.] BINA, Div Plant Breeding, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh. [Khan, N.] Tottori Univ, Fac Agr, Lab Crop Sci, Tottori 6808553, Japan. [Perveen, Mst. F.] Tottori Univ, Fac Agr, Lab Landscape Ecol, Tottori 6800945, Japan. [Perveen, Mst. F.] Tottori Univ, Fac Agr, GIS, Tottori 6800945, Japan. [Tai, T. H.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS Crops Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tai, T. H.] Univ Calif Davis, Genet Res Ctr Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Uddin, MI (reprint author), Tottori Univ, Fac Agr, Lab Plant Biotechnol, Minami 4-101, Tottori 6808553, Japan. EM imtiazuddin52@hotmail.com NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU EMILUZ PRINTING INDUSTRIES INC PI QUEZON CITY PA #1 LA UNION ST, SAN FRANCISCO DEL MONTE, QUEZON CITY, 00000, PHILIPPINES SN 1029-7073 EI 2224-8978 J9 SABRAO J BREED GENET JI SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 39 IS 2 BP 89 EP 98 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 286PI UT WOS:000254857700002 ER PT J AU Walters, C AF Walters, Christina TI Materials used for seed storage containers: Response to Gomez-Campo [Seed Science Research 16, 291-294 (2006)] SO SEED SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE containers; genebank; psychrometrics; seed storage; thermal plastics; ultradry ID LONGEVITY AB Efficient seed storage is a shared concern among the growing number of seed banks established for crop improvement or ex situ conservation. Container properties greatly affect seed interactions with the environment and the overall cost and success of seed banking operations. Several material properties contribute to their suitability as seed containers. This paper provides a consolidated list of water vapour permeability properties of thermal plastics commonly used for packaging. Composite packages with layers of film with different properties provide distinct advantages to seed banks. Different seed banks must rank the importance of the various factors depending on their mission and resources. Once the risks, costs and benefits are weighed, an appropriate strategy can be developed that addresses a seed bank's specific needs. Because there are many problems and several solutions, it is likely that strategies will vary among seed banks. This response details variables to consider when selecting seed storage packages, and focuses on water diffusion rates of packages with different compositions. A 'moisture audit' will help seed bank operators make informed decisions about packaging. C1 [Walters, Christina] USDA ARS, Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Walters, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM christina.walters@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0960-2585 J9 SEED SCI RES JI Seed Sci. Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 233 EP 242 DI 10.1017/S0960258507832673 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 244PN UT WOS:000251877900001 ER PT J AU Lal, R Follett, F Stewart, BA Kimble, JM AF Lal, R. Follett, F. Stewart, B. A. Kimble, J. M. TI Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change and advance food security SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE global warming; soil quality; soil degradation; conservation tillage; biofuel; nonpoint source pollution ID TERM MANAGEMENT IMPACTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; PHYSICAL FERTILITY; UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN; TILLAGE; CROP; DYNAMICS; RESIDUE; FOREST AB World soils have been a source of atmospheric carbon dioxide since the dawn of settled agriculture, which began about 10 millennia ago. Most agricultural soils have lost 30% to 75% of their antecedent soil organic carbon (SOC) pool or 30 to 40 t C ha(-1). The magnitude of loss is often more in soils prone to accelerated erosion and other degradative processes. On a global scale, CO2-C emissions since 1850 are estimated at 270 +/- 30 giga ton (billion ton or Gt) from fossil fuel combustion compared with 78 +/- 12 Gt from soils. Consequently, the SOC pool in agricultural soils is much lower than their potential capacity. Furthermore, depletion of the SOC pool also leads to degradation in soil quality and declining agronomic/biomass productivity. Therefore, conversion to restorative land uses (e.g., afforestation, improved pastures) and adoption of recommended management practices (RMP) can enhance SOC and improve soil quality. Important RMP for enhancing SOC include conservation tillage, mulch farming, cover crops, integrated nutrient management including use of manure and compost, and agroforestry. Restoration of degraded/desertified soils and ecosystems is an important strategy. The rate of SOC sequestration, ranging from 100 to 1000 kg ha(-1) year(-1), depends on climate, soil type, and site-specific management. Total potential of SOC sequestration in the United States of 144 to 432 Mt year(-1) (288 Mt year(-1)) comprises 45 to 98 Mt in cropland, 13 to 70 Mt in grazing land, and 25 to 102 Mt in forestland. The global potential of SOC sequestration is estimated at 0.6 to 1.2 Gt C year(-1), comprising 0.4 to 0.8 Gt C year(-1) through adoption of RMP on cropland (1350 Mha), and 0.01 to 0.03 Gt C year(-1) on irrigated soils (275 Mha), and 0.01 to 0.3 Gt C year(-1) through improvements of rangelands and grasslands (3700 Mha). In addition, there is a large potential of C sequestration in biomass in forest plantations, short rotation woody perennials, and so on. The attendant improvement in soil quality with increase in SOC pool size has a strong positive impact on agronomic productivity and world food security. An increase in the SOC pool within the root zone by 1 t C ha(-1) year(-1) can enhance food production in developing countries by 30 to 50 Mt year including 24 to 40 Mt year(-1) of cereal and legumes, and 6 to 10 Mt year of roots and tubers. Despite the enormous challenge of SOC sequestration, especially in regions of warm and and climates and predominantly resource-poor farmers, it is a truly a win-win strategy. While improving ecosystem services and ensuring sustainable use of soil resources, SOC sequestration also mitigates global warming by offsetting fossil fuel emissions and improving water quality by reducing nonpoint source pollution. C1 [Lal, R.] Ohio State Univ, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Follett, F.] USDA ARS, Nat Resources Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Stewart, B. A.] W Texas A&M Univ, Dryland Agr Inst, Canyon, TX USA. [Kimble, J. M.] USDA, NCRS, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Lal, R (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lal.1@osu.edu RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 103 TC 128 Z9 141 U1 29 U2 266 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0038-075X EI 1538-9243 J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 172 IS 12 BP 943 EP 956 DI 10.1097/ss.0b013e31815cc498 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 241ZU UT WOS:000251695100001 ER PT J AU Novak, JM Szogi, AA Watts, DW Busscher, WJ AF Novak, Jeffrey M. Szogi, Ariel A. Watts, Donald W. Busscher, Warren J. TI Water treatment residuals amended soils release Mn, Na, S, and C SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil; water soluble elements; water treatment residuals ID COASTAL-PLAIN SOILS; NORFOLK LOAMY SAND; LAND APPLICATION; PHOSPHORUS; REDUCTION; RUNOFF AB Drinking water treatment facilities remove impurities from raw water sources using various chemicals. The by-product produced from the purification process is called water treatment residuals (WTR). If WTR contain residual chemicals from the purification process, soluble elements may be released potentially causing chemical imbalances in soil and groundwater systems. The study objectives were to: (i) examine Mn, Na, S, and total organic carbon (TOC) released from soil and deionized water leachate from a Norfolk soil (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kandiudult) incubated for 60 days with 0 (untreated) and 60 g kg(-1) of three different WTR; and (ii) assess effects of oxidation-reduction potential on Mn stability and solubility. The WTR were obtained from a North and South Carolina drinking water treatment facility that treated raw water using alum [Al(2)(SO(4))(3)], caustic soda (NaOH), and potassium permanganate (KMnO(4)). During incubation, treatments were maintained between 5% and 10% moisture, and oxidation-reduction potential was measured using a pit electrode. After 60 days, treatments were leached with 1.2-pore volumes of deionized water. Soils were then analyzed for Mn, Na, and S, and leachates were analyzed for TOC and similar elements using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. At this time, WTR-treated soils were slightly acidic, moderately reduced, and enriched in extractable Mn, Na, and S concentrations. Water leachates from WTR-treated soil were also enriched with Mn, Na, S, and TOC. Divalent Mn was the dominant oxidation state, making Mn more susceptible to leaching. One WTR enriched with Mn caused Norfolk soil Mn concentrations to exceed crop sensitive stress threshold levels. It is recommended that a prescreening procedure should be used to determine if WTR applied to soil will release elements that may cause plant growth problems. C1 [Novak, Jeffrey M.; Szogi, Ariel A.; Watts, Donald W.; Busscher, Warren J.] USDA ARS, Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Novak, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM jeff.novak@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 172 IS 12 BP 992 EP 1000 DI 10.1097/ss.0b013e3181586b9a PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 241ZU UT WOS:000251695100005 ER PT J AU Elliott, N Mirik, M Yang, Z Dvorak, T Rao, M Micheis, J Walker, T Catana, V Phoofolo, M Giles, K Royer, T AF Elliott, Norman Mirik, Mustafa Yang, Zhiming Dvorak, Tom Rao, Mahesh Micheis, Jerry Walker, Thia Catana, Vasile Phoofolo, Mpho Giles, Kris Royer, Tom TI Airborne multi-spectral remote sensing of Russian wheat aphid(1) injury to wheat SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HOMOPTERA; APHIDIDAE; BARLEY; LEAVES AB The Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), is a severe pest of wheat in the High Plains region of the United States. Remote Sensing may be an effective way to detect RWA infestations in fields for pest management decision-making purposes. We evaluated an airborne multi-spectral remote sensing system for its ability to differentiate varying levels of injury caused by RWA infestation in winter wheat fields. Two fields located in southeastern Colorado were studied in spring 2004 and two fields located in far western Oklahoma were studied in spring 2005. The proportion of wheat stems damaged by RWA in each field was measured in 20 to 24 3x3-m plots with varying levels of RWA infestation. Prior to sampling plots, multispectral imagery was obtained using an SSTCRIS (R) multi-spectral imaging system mounted NADIR in a Cessna 172 aircraft. The multi-spectral data were compared with the intensity of RWA damage to wheat plants within the plots. Correlations between vegetation indices calculated from the multi-spectral data with the proportion of RWA damaged wheat tillers per plot were negative for all vegetation indices. REigressions of vegetation indices versus the proportion of RWA damaged wheat tillers per plot were usually significant and had negative slopes. However, slopes and intercepts of regressions differed significantly among fields. Any one or a combination of differences in time of day, atmospheric conditions, edaphic factors (e.g. soil type and soil moisture), wheat variety, and possibly other factors could have caused the differences observed in regressions. C1 [Elliott, Norman] USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Mirik, Mustafa; Micheis, Jerry] Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Yang, Zhiming; Rao, Mahesh] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Geog, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Walker, Thia] Colorado State Univ, Prowers Cty Cooperat Extens Off, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Lamar, CO 81052 USA. [Catana, Vasile; Phoofolo, Mpho; Giles, Kris; Royer, Tom] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Elliott, N (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RI Royer, Tom/D-9737-2016 OI Royer, Tom/0000-0003-0912-7115 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.3958/0147-1724-32.4.213 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 257SO UT WOS:000252819000003 ER PT J AU Martin, DE Lopez, JD Hoffmann, WC Fritz, BK Lan, Y AF Martin, D. E. Lopez, J. D., Jr. Hoffmann, W. C. Fritz, B. K. Lan, Y. TI Field evaluation of spinosad aerial applications for thrips control on cotton SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID SPRAY DEPOSITION AB Aerially applied spinosad (Tracer (R))) at 154 ml/ha was evaluated in a large-scale field study for thrips control in early season cotton and compared to conventionally applied dicrotophos (Bidrin 8 (R)) at 292 ml/ha. Larvae and adult thrips counts were significantly less than the untreated control across all sampling dates except for larvae per plant count at 1 DAT with dicrotophos and adult numbers at 7 DAT. The greatest percentage reductions of adult thrips occurred at 1 DAT when all aerial application treatments were significantly lower than the control. At 7 DAT, the three spinosad applications made with CP nozzles showed the greatest control for adults and reduction of larvae. There were increases in adult numbers in the electrostatic and rotary treatments of 41% and 10%, respectively, over the control at 7 DAT. Based on spray droplet deposition data collected and thrips control obtained in this study, the optimum aerial application treatments were conventional hydraulic nozzles (CP-03) with a volume median diameter of 175 pm at spray rates of 18.7 and 46.8 1/ha with Tracer (R) as the active ingredient. The addition of an adjuvant did not have a significant effect on efficacy. Tracer (R) provided as good as or better control of larval or adult thrips than the conventional application of dicrotophos. C1 [Martin, D. E.; Lopez, J. D., Jr.; Hoffmann, W. C.; Fritz, B. K.; Lan, Y.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Martin, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.3958/0147-1724-32.4.221 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 257SO UT WOS:000252819000004 ER PT J AU Natwick, ET Byers, JA Chu, CC Lopez, M Henneberry, TJ AF Natwick, Eric T. Byers, John A. Chu, Chang-Chi Lopez, Martin Henneberry, Thomas J. TI Early detection and mass trapping of Frankliniella occidentalls(1) and thrips tabaci(1) in vegetable crops SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS; COLOR-VISION; THYSANOPTERA; TRAPS; IDENTIFICATION; ULTRAVIOLET; INSECT AB Western flower thrips, Frankfiniella occidentalis (Pergande), and onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, are economic pest insects of head lettuce, Lactuca sativa L., and dehydrator onions, Allium cepa L., in the Imperial Valley, California, Colored sticky traps were evaluated as potential detection and monitoring devices of the two thrip species over a two-month period in 2006. Results showed that blue sticky card traps consistently captured more adult thrips of both species compared to yellow sticky card traps, Numbers of thrips captured on blue sticky traps were positively correlated to numbers captured on yellow sticky traps, Adult thrips were captured in much higher numbers on sticky card traps than recovered from whole plant samples. Significant negative correlations between F. occidentalis numbers on plant samples and colored sticky traps suggest that adults left lettuce plants and were attracted to nearby traps. In addition, the numbers of thrips caught on traps relative to estimated plant populations support the hypothesis that mass trapping was significant in the treated area. Spectroradiometric and RGB (red, green, blue) digital image color analysis of the traps in sunlight showed the blue sticky cards reflected considerably more light in the 400-500 nm range (R = 49, G = 187, B = 255) than the yellow sticky cards that reflected more light in the 550-700 nm range (R = 227, G = 234, B = 67). Because blue sticky card traps captured many times more adult thrips than recovered from whole plant samples, blue traps may be more sensitive in detecting early presence of thrips in lettuce and onion fields. C1 [Natwick, Eric T.; Lopez, Martin] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, DANR, Holtville, CA 92250 USA. [Byers, John A.; Chu, Chang-Chi; Henneberry, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Natwick, ET (reprint author), Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, DANR, Holtville, CA 92250 USA. EM etnatwick@ucdavis.edu; jbyers@wcrl.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 15 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.3958/0147-1724-32.4.229 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 257SO UT WOS:000252819000005 ER PT J AU Olivares-Fuster, O Baker, JL Terhune, JS Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH Arias, CR AF Olivares-Fuster, Oscar Baker, Jeffrey L. Terhune, Jeffery S. Shoemaker, Craig A. Klesius, Phillip H. Arias, Covadonga R. TI Host-specific association between Flavobacterium columnare genomovars and fish species SO SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flavobacterium columnare; genomovars; genotyping; AFLP; SSCP ID FLEXIBACTER-COLUMNARIS; CHANNEL CATFISH; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; EMENDED DESCRIPTION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; TYPING METHODS; FAMILY AB A total of 90 Flavobacterium columnare isolates were recovered from predominant wild fish species in the Mobile River, Alabama, USA. Isolates were identified and confirmed by fatty acid methyl ester analysis and specific PCR amplification. Genomovar ascription was performed using 16S-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The majority of genomovar I isolates were recovered from threadfin shad while genomovar II isolates came from catfish (including channel and blue catfish). Additional genotyping methods, including multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), internal spacer region-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis (ISR-SSCP) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), confirmed a clear division of the isolates into two groups that matched genomovar ascription. Fingerprinting methods revealed a higher genetic diversity within genomovar II isolates. Our data confirmed the coexistence of F columnare genomovars I and II in a natural environment. A statistically significant association between genomovar I and threadfin shad was demonstrated while genomovar II strains were mainly recovered from catfish species. (c) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Olivares-Fuster, Oscar; Baker, Jeffrey L.; Terhune, Jeffery S.; Arias, Covadonga R.] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Shoemaker, Craig A.; Klesius, Phillip H.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL USA. RP Arias, CR (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM ariascr@auburn.edu NR 31 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0723-2020 J9 SYST APPL MICROBIOL JI Syst. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 30 IS 8 BP 624 EP 633 DI 10.1016/j.syapm.2007.07.003 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 241KP UT WOS:000251655600005 PM 17706907 ER PT J AU Singh, S Sharma, I Sehgal, SK Bains, NS Guo, ZG Nelson, JC Bowden, RL AF Singh, Sukhwinder Sharma, Indu Sehgal, Sunish K. Bains, Navtej S. Guo, Zhigang Nelson, James C. Bowden, Robert L. TI Molecular mapping of QTLs for Karnal bunt resistance in two recombinant inbred populations of bread wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; TILLETIA-INDICA MITRA; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; COMMON WHEAT; MARKERS; INHERITANCE; CROSSES; GENOME AB Karnal bunt (KB) of wheat, caused by the fungus Tilletia indica, is a challenge to the grain industry, owing not to direct yield loss but to quarantine regulations that may restrict international movement of affected grain. Several different sources of resistance to KB have been reported. Understanding the genetics of resistance will facilitate the introgression of resistance into new wheat cultivars. The objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with KB resistance and to identify DNA markers in two recombinant inbred line populations derived from crosses of the susceptible cultivar WH542 with resistant lines HD29 and W485. Populations were evaluated for resistance against the KB pathogen for 3 years at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. Two new QTLs (Qkb.ksu-5BL.1 and Qkb.ksu-6BS.1) with resistance alleles from HD29 were identified and mapped in the intervals Xgdm116-Xwmc235 on chromosome 5B ( deletion bin 5BL9-0.76-0.79) and Xwmc105-Xgwm88 on chromosome 6B (C-6BS5-0.76). They explained up to 19 and 13% of phenotypic variance, respectively. Another QTL (Qkb.ksu-4BL.1) with a resistance allele from W485 mapped in the interval Xgwm6-Xwmc349 on chromosome 4B (4BL5-0.86-1.00) and explained up to 15% of phenotypic variance. Qkb.ksu-6BS.1 showed pairwise interactions with loci on chromosomes 3B and 6A. Markers suitable for marker-assisted selection are available for all three QTLs. C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Punjab Agr Univ, Dept Plant Breeding Genet & Biotechnol, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India. RP Bowden, RL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM robert.bowden@ars.usda.gov RI Bowden, Robert/E-3268-2013 OI Bowden, Robert/0000-0001-9419-6574 NR 46 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 116 IS 1 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s00122-007-0654-6 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 234IH UT WOS:000251154100014 PM 17952401 ER PT J AU Fu, DL Uauy, C Blechl, A Dubcovsky, J AF Fu, Daolin Uauy, Cristobal Blechl, Ann Dubcovsky, Jorge TI RNA interference for wheat functional gene analysis SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE wheat; RNA interference; gene silencing ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; BRACHYPODIUM-DISTACHYON; POLYPLOID WHEAT; BAC LIBRARY; INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; VERNALIZATION GENES; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; GRAIN PROTEIN AB RNA interference (RNAi) refers to a common mechanism of RNA-based post-transcriptional gene silencing in eukaryotic cells. In model plant species such as Arabidopsis and rice, RNAi has been routinely used to characterize gene function and to engineer novel phenotypes. In polyploid species, this approach is in its early stages, but has great potential since multiple homoeologous copies can be simultaneously silenced with a single RNAi construct. In this article, we discuss the utilization of RNAi in wheat functional gene analysis and its effect on transcript regulation of homoeologous genes. We also review recent examples of RNAi modification of important agronomic and quality traits in wheat and discuss future directions for this technology. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Dubcovsky, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Av, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jdubcovsky@ucdavis.edu RI Uauy, Cristobal/B-3879-2011; Uauy, Cristobal/B-7912-2014; Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008 OI Uauy, Cristobal/0000-0002-9814-1770; Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345 NR 65 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 689 EP 701 DI 10.1007/s11248-007-9150-7 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 228IE UT WOS:000250722800002 PM 17952622 ER PT J AU Richt, JA Kasinathan, P Hamir, AN Castilla, J Sathiyaseelan, T Vargas, F Sathiyaseelan, J Wu, H Matsushita, H Koster, J Kato, S Ishida, I Soto, C Robl, JM Kuroiwa, Y AF Richt, Jurgen A. Kasinathan, Poothappillai Hamir, Amir N. Castilla, Joaquin Sathiyaseelan, Thillai Vargas, Francisco Sathiyaseelan, Janaki Wu, Hua Matsushita, HIroaki Koster, Julie Kato, Shinichiro Ishida, Isao Soto, Claudio Robl, James M. Kuroiwa, Yoshimi TI Production and characterization of prion protein-deficient cattle SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Hematech Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57106 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Neurol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Kirin Brewery Co Ltd, Div Pharmaceut, Shibuya Ku, Tokyo, Japan. Gemini Sci Inc, La Jolla, CA 92109 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 842 EP 843 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 228IE UT WOS:000250722800023 ER PT J AU Brooks, DR Hoberg, EP AF Brooks, Daniel R. Hoberg, Eric P. TI How will global climate change affect parasite-host assemblages? SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; COEVOLUTION; DIVERSIFICATION; COLONIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; SPECIATION; NEMATODES AB Parasites are integral components of the biosphere. Host switching correlated with events of episodic climate change is ubiquitous in evolutionary and ecological time. Global climate change produces ecological perturbations, which cause geographical and phenological shifts, and alteration in the dynamics of parasite transmission, increasing the potential for host switching. The intersection of climate change with evolutionary conservative aspects of host specificity and transmission dynamics, called ecological fitting, permits emergence of parasites and diseases without evolutionary changes in their capacity for host utilization. C1 [Brooks, Daniel R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. [Hoberg, Eric P.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Brooks, DR (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. EM dbrooks@zoo.utoronto.ca NR 50 TC 104 Z9 110 U1 7 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 23 IS 12 BP 571 EP 574 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2007.08.016 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 243AS UT WOS:000251767900005 PM 17962073 ER PT J AU Ding, J Cui, Z Lee, LF AF Ding, Jiabo Cui, Zhizhong Lee, Lucy F. TI Marek's disease virus unique genes pp38 and pp24 are essential for transactivating the bi-directional promoters for the 1.8 kb mRNA transcripts SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE marek's disease virus; pp38 gene pp24 gene; 1.8 kb mRNA; bi-directional promoter; transactivation ID LYMPHOBLASTOID CELL-LINES; PHOSPHORYLATED POLYPEPTIDES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; DNA-REPLICATION; INFECTED-CELLS; LONG UNIQUE; MDV GENOME; MEQ; HERPESVIRUS; IDENTIFICATION AB The pp38 and pp24 genes of Marek's diseases virus (MDV) share the same promoter, which controls the transcription of pp38 or pp24 and a 1.8-kb mRNA bidirectionally. To understand the trans-activating activity of pp38 and pp24 on the bi-directional promoter, both genes were cloned into pcDNA-3 or pBudCE4.1 vectors either singly or in combination. These plasmids were expressed in transfected chicken embryonic fibroblast (CEF) cells. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity expressed under the control of the promoter in CEF co-transfected with pP(1.8 kb)-CAT and pBud-pp38-pp24 was significantly higher than that following transfection with only pBud-pp38 or pBud-pp24. This indicates the combination of pp24 and pp38 together are essential for the activation of the promoter. In DNA mobility shift assays, the promoter binds to pp38 and pp24 together, but not to pp38 or pp24 alone. By competitive inhibition tests with a set of DNA fragments from the promoter region, the sequence 5'-CTGCTCATTT-3' was identified as the core sequence for binding by pp38-pp24 in up-regulation of the bi-directional promoter activity. C1 Shanxi Agr Univ, Anim Sci & Technol Coll, Shandong 271018, Peoples R China. China Inst Vet Drug Control, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Cui, Z (reprint author), Shanxi Agr Univ, Anim Sci & Technol Coll, Shandong 271018, Peoples R China. EM zzcui@sdau.edu.cn NR 33 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD DEC PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 643 EP 650 DI 10.1007/s11262-007-0129-5 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 232ZM UT WOS:000251060200021 PM 17619133 ER PT J AU Spatz, SJ Zhao, Y Petherhridge, L Smith, LP Baigent, SJ Nair, V AF Spatz, Stephen J. Zhao, Yuguang Petherhridge, Lawrence Smith, Lorraine P. Baigent, Susan J. Nair, Venugopal TI Comparative sequence analysis of a highly oncogenic but horizontal spread-defective clone of Marek's disease virus SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease; gallid herpesvirus type 2; oncogenicity; shedding-defective; genome sequence ID VARICELLA-ZOSTER-VIRUS; TEGUMENT PROTEIN VP22; OPEN READING FRAME; SCID-HU MOUSE; PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; GLYCOPROTEIN-C; SEROTYPE-1 MDV-1; ORF47 PROTEIN; HERPESVIRUS; GENE AB Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a cell-associated alphaherpesvirus that induces rapid-onset T-cell lymphomas in poultry. MDV isolates vary greatly in pathogenicity. While some of the strains such as CVI988 are non-pathogenic and are used as vaccines, others such as RB-1B are highly oncogenic. Molecular determinants associated with differences in pathogenicity are not completely understood. Comparison of the genome sequences of phenotypically different strains could help to identify molecular determinants of pathogenicity. We have previously reported the construction of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones of RB-1B from which fully infectious viruses could be reconstituted upon DNA transfection into chicken cells. MDV reconstituted from one of these clones (pRB-1B-5) showed similar in vitro and in vivo replication kinetics and oncogenicity as the parental virus. However, unlike the parental RB-1B virus, the BAC-derived virus showed inability to spread between birds. In order to identify the unique determinants for oncogenicity and the "non-spreading phenotype" of MDV derived from this clone, we determined the full-length sequence of pRB-1B-5. Comparative sequence analysis with the published sequences of strains such as Md5, Md11, and CVI988 identified frameshift mutations in RLORF1, protein kinase (UL13), and glycoproteins C (UL44) and D (US6). Comparison of the sequences of these genes with the parental virus indicated that the RLORF1, UL44, and US6 mutations were also present in the parental RB-1B stock of the virus. However with regard to UL13 mutation, the parental RB-1B stock appeared to be a mixture of wild type and mutant viruses, indicating that the BAC cloning has selected a mutant clone. Although further studies are needed to evaluate the role of these genes in the horizontal-spreading defective phenotype, our data clearly indicate that mutations in these genes do not affect the oncogenicity of MDV. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Inst Anim Hlth, Compton Lab, Compton RG20 7NN, England. RP Spatz, SJ (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM sspatz@seprl.usda.gov; venu.gopal@bbsrc.ac.uk RI Nair, Venugopal/D-4447-2016 OI Nair, Venugopal/0000-0002-8255-516X NR 66 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD DEC PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 753 EP 766 DI 10.1007/s11262-007-0157-1 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 232ZM UT WOS:000251060200034 PM 17721813 ER PT J AU Robertson, NL Cote, F Pare, C Leblanc, E Bergeron, MG Leclerc, D AF Robertson, Nancy L. Cote, Fabien Pare, Christine Leblanc, Eric Bergeron, Michel G. Leclerc, Denis TI Complete nucleotide sequence of Nootka lupine vein-clearing virus SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article ID FLOWER-BREAK-VIRUS; GENOME ORGANIZATION; IN-VIVO; 5'-UNTRANSLATED REGIONS; MOTTLE VIRUS; RNA; CARMOVIRUS; PROTEIN; POLYMERASES; ALIGNMENT AB The complete genome sequence of Nootka lupine vein-clearing virus (NLVCV) was determined to be 4,172 nucleotides in length containing four open reading frames (ORFs) with a similar genetic organization of virus species in the genus Carmovirus, family Tombusviridae. The order and gene product size, starting from the 5'-proximal ORF consisted of: (1) polymerase/replicase gene, ORFI (p27) and ORF1RT (readthrough) (p87), (2) movement proteins ORF2 (p7) and ORF3 (p9), and, (3) the 3'-proximal coat protein ORF4, (p37). The genomic 5'- and 3'-proximal termini contained a short (59 nt) and a relatively longer 405 nt untranslated region, respectively. The longer replicase gene product contained the GDD motif common to RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Phylogenetically, NLVCV formed a subgroup with the following four carmoviruses when separately comparing the amino acids of the coat protein or replicase protein: Angelonia flower break virus (AnFBV), Carnation mottle virus (CarMV), Pelargonium flower break virus (PFBV), and Saguaro cactus virus (SgCV). Whole genome nucleotide analysis (percent identities) among the carmoviruses with NLVCV suggested a similar pattern. The species demarcation criteria in the genus Carmovirus for the amino acid sequence identity of the polymerase (<52%) and coat (<41%) protein genes restricted NLVCV as a distinct species, and instead, placed it as a tentative strain of CarMV, PFBV, or SgCV when both the polymerase and CP were used as the determining factors. In contrast, the species criteria that included different host ranges with no overlap and lack of serology relatedness between NLVCV and the carmoviruses, suggested that NLVCV was a distinct species. The relatively low cutoff percentages allowed for the polymerase and CP genes to dictate the inclusion/exclusion of a distinct carmovirus species should be reevaluated. Therefore, at this time we have concluded that NLVCV should be classified as a tentative new species in the genus Carmovirus, family Tombusviridae. C1 USDA, ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Serv Unit, Arctic Plant Germplasm Introduct & Res Project, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. Univ Laval, Ctr Rech Infect, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4G2, Canada. RP Robertson, NL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Serv Unit, Arctic Plant Germplasm Introduct & Res Project, 533 E Fireweed Ave, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. EM pfnlr@uaa.alaska.edu; christine.pare.1@ulaval.ca; michel.g.bergeron@crchul.ulaval.ca; denis.leclerc@crchul.ulaval.ca NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD DEC PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 807 EP 814 DI 10.1007/s11262-007-0139-3 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 232ZM UT WOS:000251060200040 PM 17657600 ER PT J AU Harrison, RL Lynn, DE AF Harrison, Robert L. Lynn, Dwight E. TI Genomic sequence analysis of a nucleopolyhedrovirus isolated from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE baculovirus; nucleopolyhedrovirus; plutella xylostella; plxyMNPV; autographa californica; AcMNPV; ie-2; few polyhedra mutants ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; BOMBYX-MORI NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; SINGLE NUCLEOCAPSID NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; 25K FP GENE; DNA-REPLICATION; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; CELL-LINES; TRANSPOSON MUTAGENESIS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AB The CL3 plaque isolate of Plutella xylostella multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (PlxyMNPV-CL3) exhibits a high degree of genetic similarity with the Autographa californica MNPV (AcMNPV) but is significantly more virulent against the diamondback moth, P. xylostella, than AcMNPV. To identify genetic differences between PlxyMNPV-CL3 and AcMNPV that may account for the difference in virulence against P. xylostella, the genome sequence of the CL3 plaque isolate of PlxyMNPV was determined and compared to the genome sequence of AcMNPV isolate C6. The PlxyMNPV genome is 134,417 bp, 523 bp larger than the AcMNPV-C6 genome, and the nucleotide sequence is almost completely co-linear with that of AcMNPV-C6. Of the 153 open reading frames (ORFs) identified in PlxyMNPV, 151 had homologues in AcMNPV-C6, with a mean amino acid sequence identity of 98.5%. The PlxyMNPV genome possessed two features previously reported for other variants of AcMNPV: (1) an extra baculovirus repeated orf (bro) sequence located between the plxy29/ac30 and sod ORFs, and (2) the deletion of the AcMNPV pnk/pnl polynucleotide kinase/ligase gene. In addition, an 817 bp insert of unknown origin located between the fp25K and lef-9 genes was discovered. This insert contained two small ORFs and was detected in both tissue culture- and larvae-derived PlxyMNPV DNA by PCR. Finally, the PlxyMNPV-CL3 ie-2 gene encodes a product with a low level (37.3%) of amino acid sequence identity with the AcMNPV-C6 ie-2 product. PlxyMNPV-CL3 apparently acquired this variant ie2 gene by recombination with an undescribed nucleopolyhedrovirus. C1 USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Harrison, RL (reprint author), USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Agr Res Serv, Bldg 011A,Rm 214,BARC-W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Robert.L.Harrison@ars.usda.gov; Dwight.Lynn@ars.usda.gov RI Harrison, Robert/I-4707-2014 NR 76 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD DEC PY 2007 VL 35 IS 3 BP 857 EP 873 DI 10.1007/s11262-007-0136-6 PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 232ZM UT WOS:000251060200045 PM 17671835 ER PT J AU Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Suarez, DL Spackman, E Swayne, DE AF Pantin-Jackwood, M. J. Suarez, D. L. Spackman, E. Swayne, D. E. TI Age at infection affects the pathogenicity of Asian highly pathogenic avian influenza H5NI viruses in ducks SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE highly pathogenic avian influenza; H5N1; ducks; pathogenicity; age ID LIVE BIRD MARKETS; HONG-KONG; A-VIRUSES; DOMESTIC DUCKS; SOUTH-KOREA; CHICKENS; POULTRY; GEESE; CHINA; PATHOBIOLOGY AB The Asian highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses have changed from producing no disease or mild respiratory infections in ducks to some strains causing systemic disease and death. Differences in pathogenicity between four of these viruses as well as the effect of host age on the outcome of infection were studied in ducks. Three of the viruses were highly lethal in 2-week-old ducks and induced severe neurological dysfunction. Neurological signs were also observed in 5-week-old ducks inoculated with one of these viruses; however mortality was low. The fourth virus studied did not induce neurological signs in 2-week-old ducks, but did produce moderate mortality. This virus caused no clinical signs or death in 5-week-old ducks. All viruses studied were isolated from oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs, and also from brain, heart, lung and muscle tissues, demonstrating systemic infection. All viruses evaluated transmitted efficiently to contact ducks. Phylogenetic analysis of the viruses studied and other Asian H5N1 HPAI viruses with diverse pathogenicity in ducks, showed changes in several genes, but none clearly associated with pathogenicity. In conclusion, the pathogenicity of circulating H5N1 HPAI viruses in ducks varies depending on the vir-us strain and the age of the duck and correlates with the level of viral replication in tissues. High titers of virus in organs, high viral shedding, and variable mortality enable ducks to circulate H5N1 HPAI viruses. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Pantin-Jackwood, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM mpantin-jackwood@seprl.usda.gov NR 56 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 130 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.06.006 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 238XD UT WOS:000251480800017 PM 17658647 ER PT J AU Nandula, VK Poston, DH Reddy, KN Koger, CH AF Nandula, Vijay K. Poston, Daniel H. Reddy, Krishna N. Koger, Clifford H. TI Formulation and adjuvant effects on the absorption and translocation of C-14-clethodim in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) SO WEED BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE absorption; adjuvant; clethodim; formulation; translocation ID SETHOXYDIM; CLETHODIM; BENTAZON AB A new formulation of clethodim {(E,E)-(+/-)-2-(1-[([3-chloro-2-propenyl]oxy)imino]propyl)-5-(2-[ethylthio]propyl)-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} is labeled for the control of grasses and volunteer grass crops, including glyphosate-resistant corn. The effects of the formulation (new: 0.12 kg L-1 and current: 0.24 kg L-1) and adjuvants (ammonium sulfate [AMS], crop oil concentrate [COC] or both) on the absorption and translocation of the C-14-clethodim was determined at 1, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment (HAT) in wheat under greenhouse conditions. The absorption of the C-14-clethodim with the 0.12 kg L-1 formulation was higher than that with the 0.24 kg L-1 formulation, especially at 24 HAT and beyond, regardless of the presence or absence of an adjuvant. The addition of an adjuvant increased the absorption of the C-14-clethodim with the 0.12 kg L-1 formulation at all harvest times, except at 72 HAT. However, there were no differences in the C-14-clethodim absorption among the adjuvants added to the 0.12 kg L-1 formulation, except at 48 and 72 HAT. Most of the C-14-clethodim remained in the treated leaf independent of the formulation or adjuvant. The formulation did not have an impact on the distribution of the absorbed C-14-clethodim; however, the presence of an adjuvant increased the movement of the C-14-clethodim out of the treated leaf. Most of the absorbed C-14-clethodim remained in the treated leaf and a negligible amount translocated to the root. These results demonstrated the improved absorption of clethodim with a formulation containing half of the active ingredient (0.12 kg L-1) and the inclusion of both AMS and COC. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Nandula, VK (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, 82 Stoneville Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM vkn8@msstate.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1444-6162 J9 WEED BIOL MANAG JI Weed Biol. Manag. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 7 IS 4 BP 226 EP 231 DI 10.1111/j.1445-6664.2007.00260.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 227II UT WOS:000250650000004 ER PT J AU Trusty, JL Lockaby, BG Zipperer, WC Goertzen, LR AF Trusty, J. L. Lockaby, B. G. Zipperer, W. C. Goertzen, L. R. TI Identity of naturalised exotic Wisteria (Fabaceae) in the south-eastern United States SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE invasive plant; genetic variation; diversity; Leguminosae; sequence characterised amplified region; Wisteria floribunda; Wisteria sinensis ID GENETIC-VARIATION; HYBRIDIZATION; POPULATIONS; PLANTS; INTRODUCTIONS; INVASIVENESS; EVOLUTION; INVASION; INVADERS; DNA AB Exotic Wisteria are increasingly serious invasive plants of watersheds and managed forests throughout the south-eastern United States. Naturalised individuals are frequently identified as either Wisteria floribunda or W. sinensis, but may differ significantly from the original descriptions of either of those species. Here, we use data from the nuclear and chloroplast genomes to determine the species classification or hybrid status of naturalised plants collected in five south-eastern states. Twenty-four of twenty-five collections (96%) were identified as hybrids between W. floribunda and W. sinensis. Haplotype analyses show that naturalised hybrid Wisteria is genetically diverse and that no relationship between haplotype and collection location exists. Morphological characters that clearly differentiate the introduced species cannot be used to reliably identify naturalised individuals. These data, along with observations of the continued spread of Wisteria in the south-eastern United States, suggest that hybridisation may be playing a key role in the ongoing invasion of this taxon. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Ctr Forest Sustainabil, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA Forest Serv, So Ctr Wildland Urban Interface Res & Informat, Gainesville, FL USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Trusty, JL (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Ctr Forest Sustainabil, 602 Duncan Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM jtrusty@auburn.edu NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 BP 479 EP 487 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2007.00587.x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 228XM UT WOS:000250765900003 ER PT J AU MontBlanc, EM Chambers, JC Brussard, PF AF MontBlanc, Eugenie M. Chambers, Jeanne C. Brussard, Peter F. TI Variation in ant populations with elevation, tree cover, and fire in a pinyon-juniper-dominated watershed SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE ants; prescribed fire; elevation gradients; tree cover; Great Basin; pinyon-juniper woodland; sagebrush steppe; ecosystem management; restoration ID SHRUB-STEPPE ECOSYSTEM; SPECIES RICHNESS; POGONOMYRMEX-OCCIDENTALIS; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE; LAND MANAGEMENT; WESTERN JUNIPER; HARVESTER ANTS; RAPOPORTS RULE; SEED RESOURCES; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Mate change and fire suppression have facilitated expansion of pinyon-juniper woodlands into sage-brush-Steppe ecosystems of the Great Basin, USA, resulting in a loss of biological diversity To assess the effects of using prescribed fire in restoration efforts, ant abundance, species richness, and composition were examined pre- and post-burn along the elevation and tree cover gradients encompassed by a pinyon-juniper woodland in a central Nevada watershed. Ants were sampled using pitfall traps in 6 sites for the elevation study and in 2 sites for the tree cover study, representing paired burn and control sites in a ran domized block design. Vegetation and ground cover variables were also sampled to determine how variation in ant populations was correlated with differences in vegetation and ground cover. Ant species richness remained unchanged for all treatments. Tree cover had no significant effect on ant populations. Significantly more ants were trapped after the burn treatment on burn plots. Variation in ant populations was not directly correlated with any of the vegetation or ground cover variables. According to ANOVA and multivariate analyses, elevation had the greatest effect on changes in ant communities, likely due to increased moisture availability Our results suggest that management for conservation of sagebrush-steppe ecosystems in this and similar watersheds should include a range of elevations to ensure maximum ant species diversity. C1 [MontBlanc, Eugenie M.; Chambers, Jeanne C.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [MontBlanc, Eugenie M.; Brussard, Peter F.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP MontBlanc, EM (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Stn, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM geniemb@unr.edu NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2007 VL 67 IS 4 BP 469 EP 491 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2007)67[469:VIAPWE]2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 254HJ UT WOS:000252577400001 ER PT J AU Rader, RB Belish, T Young, MK Rothlisberger, J AF Rader, Russell B. Belish, Timberley Young, Michael K. Rothlisberger, John TI The scotopic visual sensitivity of four species of trout: A comparative Study SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE light sensitivity; scotopic vision; cutthroat restoration; salmonids ID SALMO-TRUTTA-L; JUVENILE ATLANTIC-SALMON; DEMAND-FEEDING BEHAVIOR; VARDEN SALVELINUS-MALMA; INTRODUCED BROWN TROUT; COMMON RIVER GALAXIAS; DIEL FOOD SELECTION; RAINBOW-TROUT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS AB We compared the maximum scotopic visual sensitivity of 4 species of trout from twilight (mesotopic) to fully dark-adapted vision. Scotopic vision is the minimum number of photons to which a fully dark-adapted animal will show a behavioral response. A comparison of visual sensitivity under controlled laboratory conditions showed that brown trout (Salmo trutta) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) had maximum scotopic thresholds (1.1 x 10(-4) mu mol . m(-2)s(-1), similar to 0.005 lux)(2) times lower than rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) and Snake River cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri), which did not differ from each other (2.1 x 10(-4) mu mol . m(-2)s(-1), similar to 0.01 lux). A literature review tended to corroborate these results in that brown trout and brook trout were reported to be more active during the night and at twilight than cutthroat trout and rainbow trout. We also measured light intensity within open versus shaded reaches during the day, dusk, and night in 3 Rocky Mountain streams. The scotopic sensitivity of brown trout and brook trout was sufficient to allow foraging during all twilight periods and under average nighttime light intensities in open and shaded reaches, whereas the scotopic sensitivity of rainbow trout and cutthroat trout may restrict their foraging to relatively bright nocturnal conditions (twilight or a moonlit night). Native cutthroat trout restoration efforts may have greater success in open versus shaded stream reaches in the Rocky Mountains and elsewhere. C1 [Rader, Russell B.; Belish, Timberley; Young, Michael K.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Rothlisberger, John] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Rader, RB (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM russell_rader@byu.edu NR 84 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2007 VL 67 IS 4 BP 524 EP 537 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2007)67[524:TSVSOF]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 254HJ UT WOS:000252577400006 ER PT J AU Bates, JD Miller, RE Svejcar, T AF Bates, Jonathan D. Miller, Richard E. Svejcar, Tony TI Long-term vegetation dynamics in a cut western juniper woodland SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE bromus tectorum; annual grasses; Juniperus occidentalis; litter; long-term succession; Thurber's needlegrass; bottlebrush squirreltail ID CENTRAL OREGON; OCCIDENTALIS; PRINCIPLES AB Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis spp. occidentalis Hook.) expansion in the northern Great Basin has reduced shrubsteppe productivity and diversity Chainsaw cutting of Western juniper woodlands is commonly applied to remove tree interference and restore sagebrush plant communities. Studies assessing understory response following cutting have been limited to early successional stages and have not evaluated the effects of western juniper debris on plant succession. Cutting western juniper produces a large amount of debris which is commonly left on site, occupying a significant portion of treated areas. This study evaluated successional dynamics spanning 13 years after western juniper cutting. Four 0.45-ha blocks were selected on Steens Mountain in southeastern Oregon. Western juniper cover averaged 26% and mature tree density averaged 250 trees . ha(-1). Blocks were cut in late summer 1991. Understory standing crop, cover, and density were compared among 3 locations: old canopy litter mats (canopy), interspace, and area underneath Cut western juniper (debris). In the interspace, perennial grasses increased in cover and in standing crop relative to other functional groups. In canopy and debris locations, species composition shifted in the 6th year after cutting as annual grass cover density, and standing crop increased. However, by 2003, perennial grass biomass was 2 times greater than annual grass biomass in canopy and debris locations. Because annual grasses increased in areas of debris accumulation, managers need to he cognizant of western juniper treatments that create safe sites that are favorable to the establishment of weedy species. Retaining western jumper debris on this site did not increase establishment and growth of perennial grasses compared to the interspace. A shift in perennial grass dominance from Thurber's needlegrass (Achnatherum thurberianum [Piper] Barkworth) to bottlebrush squirreltail (Elymus hystrix [Nutt.] Smith) occurred in areas of debris accumulation. Our results demonstrated that long-term vegetation evaluations are necessary to properly assess management activities and disturbance. C1 [Bates, Jonathan D.; Miller, Richard E.; Svejcar, Tony] Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Miller, Richard E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bates, Jonathan D.; Svejcar, Tony] ARS, USDA, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Bates, JD (reprint author), Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM jon.bates@oregonstate.edu NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 11 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2007 VL 67 IS 4 BP 549 EP 561 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2007)67[549:LVDIAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 254HJ UT WOS:000252577400008 ER PT J AU Dudley, JG Saab, VA AF Dudley, Jonathan G. Saab, Victoria A. TI Home range size of Black-backed Woodpeckers in burned forests of southwestern Idaho SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE home range; Black-backed Woodpecker; Picoides arcticus; wildfire; coniferous forest; ponderosa pine; Douglas-fir; fixed-kernel method; minimum convex polygon method ID CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS; PICOIDES-TRIDACTYLUS; 3-TOED WOODPECKERS; ECOLOGY; WILDFIRE; ARCTICUS; DENSITY AB We examined home range size of Black-backed Woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus) in burned ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) / Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests of southwestern Idaho during 2000 and 2002 (6 and 8 years following fire). Home range size for 4 adult males during the post-fledging period was 115.6-420.9 ha using the 95% fixed-kernel method, and 150.4-766.1 ha using the 100% minimum convex polygon method. Smoothed bootstrap estimates (95%) were 130.0-521.9 ha. Home range sizes were significantly smaller 6 years after fire than 8 years after fire. Each male had from 2 to 8 areas of concentrated use within his home range. We provide recommendations for estimating area requirements of Black-backed Woodpeckers in post-fire ponderosa pine / Douglas-fir forests. C1 [Dudley, Jonathan G.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Saab, Victoria A.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Dudley, JG (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 322 E Front St,Suite 401, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM jdudley@fs.fed.us NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2007 VL 67 IS 4 BP 593 EP 600 DI 10.3398/1527-0904(2007)67[593:HRSOBW]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 254HJ UT WOS:000252577400012 ER PT J AU De Steven, D Sharitz, RR AF De Steven, Diane Sharitz, Rebecca R. TI Transplanting native dominant plants to facilitate community development in restored Coastal Plain wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE depressional wetlands; Leersia hexandra; Panicum hemitomon; revegetation; wetland restoration ID DEPRESSION WETLANDS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; CAREX-STRICTA; RESTORATION; VEGETATION; REVEGETATION; MEADOWS; GROWTH AB Drained depressional wetlands are typically restored by plugging ditches or breaking drainage tiles to allow recovery of natural pending regimes, while relying on passive recolonization. from seed banks and dispersal to establish emergent vegetation. However, in restored depressions of the southeastern United States Coastal Plain, certain characteristic rhizomatous graminoid species may not recolonize because they are dispersal-limited and uncommon or absent in the seed banks of disturbed sites. We tested whether selectively planting such wetland dominants could facilitate restoration by accelerating vegetative cover development and suppressing non-wetland species. In an operational-scale project in a South Carolina forested landscape, drained depressional wetlands were restored in early 2001 by completely removing woody vegetation and plugging surface ditches. After forest removal, tillers of two rhizomatous wetland grasses (Panicum hemitomon, Leersia hexandra) were transplanted into single-species blocks in 12 restored depressions that otherwise were revegetating passively. Presence and cover of all plant species appearing in planted plots and unplanted control plots were recorded annually. We analyzed vegetation composition after two and four years, during a severe drought (2002) and after hydrologic recovery (2004). Most grass plantings established successfully, attaining 15%-85% cover in two years. Planted plots had fewer total species and fewer wetland species compared to control plots, but differences were small. Planted plots achieved greater total vegetative cover during the drought and greater combined cover of wetland species in both years. By 2004, planted grasses appeared to reduce cover of non-wetland species in some cases, but wetter hydrologic conditions contributed more strongly to suppression of non-wetland species. Because these two grasses typically form a dominant cover matrix in herbaceous depressions, our results indicated that planting selected species could supplement passive restoration by promoting a vegetative structure closer to that of natural wetlands. C1 US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, So Res Stn, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP De Steven, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, So Res Stn, PO Box 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM ddesteven@fs.fed.us NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 4 BP 972 EP 978 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[972:TNDPTF]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 238TV UT WOS:000251471400019 ER PT J AU Schaefer, RR Rudolph, DC Fagan, JF AF Schaefer, Richard R. Rudolph, D. Craig Fagan, Jesse F. TI Winter prey caching by Northern Hawk Owls in Minnesota SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR AB Northern Hawk Owls (Surnia ulula) have been reported to cache prey during the breeding season for later consumption, but detailed reports of prey caching during the non-breeding season are comparatively rare. We provided prey to four individual Northern Hawk Owls in wintering areas in northeastem Minnesota during 2001 and 2005 and observed their caching behavior. These owls cached 93% (n = 14) of prey items presented to them and consumed one item immediately after capture. A number of bird species relocate stored food by remembering the spatial locations of caches. Prominent landmarks (dead trees larger than the surrounding vegetation, sites concealed in the snow next to a utility pole or clump of grass) or sites near them were often selected for caching by Northern Hawk Owls and likely facilitate relocation of stored prey. Prey caching during winter allows exploitation of temporary increases in prey abundance and may aid in survival during times of food shortage or adverse weather. C1 [Schaefer, Richard R.; Rudolph, D. Craig] Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry, So Res Stn,Forest Serv, USDA, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. RP Schaefer, RR (reprint author), Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry, So Res Stn,Forest Serv, USDA, 506 Hayter St, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. EM rschaefer01@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 119 IS 4 BP 755 EP 758 DI 10.1676/06-151.1 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 247WP UT WOS:000252113600030 ER PT J AU Joeckel, RM Loope, HM Wally, KD Hellerich, JE AF Joeckel, R. M. Loope, H. M. Wally, K. D. Hellerich, J. E. TI Late Cenozoic geomorphology of a bedrock-dominated landscape adjacent to the Laurentide glacial limit: southeastern Nebraska, USA SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GEOMORPHOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-EAST ENGLAND; ICE-WEDGE CASTS; NORTHEASTERN KANSAS; DAKOTA FORMATION; PALEOMAGNETISM; BRECCIATION; MISSOURI; ILLINOIS; DEPOSITS; THANET AB The Rose Creek Escarpment in southeastern Nebraska, USA is a remnant Early Pleistocene or Late Pliocene river valley representing the northern terminus of a series of Cretaceous bedrock escarpments extending northward from central to west-central Kansas. Superficial (similar to 1-4 m deep) and largely slope-accordant deformation of the Greenhorn Limestone (Upper Cretaceous) is common under slopes on the escarpment. Deformation features include simple involutions, folds, dipping strata, thrusts, detachment and decollement, boudinage-like bedding, brecciation, and faulting. It is likely that much of this deformation occurred because of ground ice growth and melting, solifluction, and slumping during the last glacial maximum, when the Laurentide ice margin was nearly 300 km to the north. The presence of bentonite layers facilitated rotational slumps and downslope movement of rock masses in general. The local stratigraphy of overlying loess deposits provides no strong evidence to refute a Late Pleistocene (Wisconsinan) origin for the deformation, although some sites showing deformation and brecciation lie downslope from surfaces that are also underlain by the Illinoian Loveland Loess. Considering the pre-Illinoian glacial history of the region and the age of the escarpment itself, it may indeed have been subject to multiple episodes of periglaciation after the onset of continental glaciation in the Late Pliocene. C1 [Joeckel, R. M.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Conservat & Survey Div, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Loope, H. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wally, K. D.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Hellerich, J. E.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Fegus Falls, MN 56537 USA. RP Joeckel, RM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Conservat & Survey Div, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM rjoeckel3@unl.edu NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEBRUDER BORNTRAEGER PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESSTR 3A, D-70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0372-8854 J9 Z GEOMORPHOL JI Z. Geomorphol. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 51 IS 4 BP 469 EP 486 DI 10.1127/0372-8854/2007/0051-0469 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 245QG UT WOS:000251949900004 ER PT J AU Hong, YJ Turowski, M Lin, JT Yokoyama, WH AF Hong, Yun-Jeong Turowski, Maciej Lin, Jiann-Tsyh Yokoyama, Wallace H. TI Simultaneous characterization of bile acid, sterols, and determination of acylglycerides in feces from soluble cellulose-fed hamsters using HPLC with evaporative light-scattering detection and APCI-MS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fecal fat; bile acids; sterols; acylglycerides; soluble dietary fiber; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; HPMC; hamster; high-fat diet; obesity ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PLANT STEROLS; QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION; CHOLESTEROL-METABOLISM; PANCREATIC LIPASE; FATTY-ACIDS; PHYTOSTEROLS; INHIBITION; SERUM AB The rapid rise in obesity-related diseases has increased interest in oral and dietary agents that disrupt fat metabolism, resulting in the excretion of dietary lipids in the feces. In this study, a rapid and convenient liquid chromatography method to comprehensively analyze fecal lipids in a single injection was developed. An evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD) for routine analysis or atmosphere pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry [(+)APCI-MS/MS] for structural confirmation and peak purity was used. The method was applied to characterize lipid components of feces from hamsters fed high-fat diets with either 5% microcrystalline cellulose or 5% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) fibers, to test the effect of HPMC on lipid metabolism. HPMC is a nonfermentable, soluble cellulose fiber. The fecal lipid components identified using this method includes two secondary bile acids, deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, and neutral sterols including cholesterol, coprostanol, stigmastanol, and sitosterol. The profile of fecal lipid components was compared between two groups. It was found that the bile acid excretion was increased 2-fold in HPMC-fed hamsters. More interestingly, diacylglycerides and triacylglycericles were detected in feces from hamsters on HPIVIC-included high-fat diets. We believe that this is the first report of excretion of acylglycerides following neutral soluble fiber feeding. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48667 USA. RP Hong, YJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM yhong@pw.usda.gov NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 28 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 24 BP 9750 EP 9757 DI 10.1021/jf071798 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 234DX UT WOS:000251142000002 PM 17979236 ER PT J AU Venkatachalam, M Kshirsagar, HH Seeram, NP Heber, D Thompson, TE Roux, KH Sathe, SK AF Venkatachalam, Mahesh Kshirsagar, Harshal H. Seeram, Navindra P. Heber, David Thompson, Tommy E. Roux, Kenneth H. Sathe, Shridhar K. TI Biochemical composition and immunological comparison of select pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] cultivars SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pecans; fatty acids; cultivar; tannin; proximate composition; protein; polypeptide; rabbit polyclonal antibody; immunoreactivity ID FATTY-ACID; TANNIN ANALYSIS; PROTEINS; ALMOND; NUT; LIPIDS; GENOTYPES; NUTMEATS; HARVEST; STORAGE AB On an edible portion basis, pecan moisture, protein, lipid, total soluble sugars, and ash contents ranged from 2.1% to 6.4%, 6.0% to 11.3%, 65.9% to 78.0%, 3.3% to 5.3%, and 1.2% to 1.8%, respectively. With the exception of a high tannin (2.7%) Texas seedling, pecan tannin content was in a narrow range (0.6-1.85%). Unsaturated fatty acids (>90%) dominated pecan lipid composition with oleic (52.52-74.09%) and linoleic (17.69-37.52%) acids as the predominant unsaturated fatty acids. Location significantly influenced pecan biochemical composition. Pecan lipid content was negatively correlated with protein (r = -0.663) and total sugar (r = -0.625). Among the samples tested using SDS-PAGE a common pattern, with minor differences, in subunit polypeptide profiles was revealed. Rabbit polyclonal antibody-based immunoblotting experiments (Western blot) also illustrated the similarity in polypeptide profiles with respect to immunoreactivity. All tested cultivars registered similar immunoreactivity when their protein extracts (each at 1 mg/mL) were assessed using inhibition ELISAs (mean +/- standard deviation = 0.89 +/- 0.20; n = 27) with the USDA "Desirable" cultivar as the reference standard (immunoreactivity designated as 1.0). C1 Florida State Univ, Coll Human Sci, Dept Nutr Food & Exercise Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Ctr Human Nutr, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. USDA ARS, Pecan Breeding & Genet, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Sathe, SK (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Coll Human Sci, Dept Nutr Food & Exercise Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM ssathe@mailer.fsu.edu NR 48 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 28 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 24 BP 9899 EP 9907 DI 10.1021/jf0714721 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 234DX UT WOS:000251142000023 PM 17973444 ER PT J AU Ahn, YJ Chen, GQ AF Ahn, Yeh-Jin Chen, Grace Q. TI Temporal and spatial expression of 2S albumin in castor (Ricinus communis L.) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 2S albumin; oilseed; Ricinus communis L.; seed development; seed germination; storage protein; temporal/spatial expression; transcript/protein accumulation ID SEED STORAGE PROTEIN; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; MAJOR ALLERGEN; BRAZIL NUT; PRECURSOR; ENDOSPERM; SEQUENCE; GENES; BIOSYNTHESIS; RICINOSOMES AB We studied the temporal and spatial expression of the 2S albumin in castor (Ricinus communis L.) during seed development, germination, post-germi nation, and plant development. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the 2S albumin transcript accumulated to a maximum level at the middle of seed development, showing a bell-shaped temporal pattern. Residual levels of the transcript were present in the mature seed and degraded rapidly upon germination. lmmunodetection analysis was performed using an anti-2S albumin antibody under reducing conditions. During seed development, the 2S albumin precursor pro-protein began to be synthesized at 26 days after pollination (DAP); the pro-protein was thereafter processed to mature proteins at 40 DAP, suggesting that the post-translation modification of 2S albumin takes place during this time period. Both the 2S albumin precursor pro-protein and the mature proteins accumulated throughout seed maturation and desiccation stages. During seed germination, both forms of the 2S albumin proteins were present in endosperm and cotyledon until the completion of germination and degraded rapidly afterwards. However, the antibody also detected a group of proteins/peptides in endosperm and cotyledon when the seeds progressed to germination and post-germination stages. A 14 kDa protein in the leaves of fully developed seedlings and mature plants also reacted to the anti-2S albumin antibody. The identity of the proteins accumulated in germinating seed and leaf remains unknown. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Sangmyung Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Seoul 110743, South Korea. RP Chen, GQ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM qhgc@pw.usda.gov NR 32 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 28 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 24 BP 10043 EP 10049 DI 10.1021/jf071272p PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 234DX UT WOS:000251142000043 PM 17960884 ER PT J AU Lofego, AC De Moraes, GJ Ochoa, R AF Lofego, Antonio C. De Moraes, Gilberto J. Ochoa, Ronald TI Four new species of Xenotarsonemus (Acari : Tarsonemidae) from Brazil SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE mite; taxonomy; Cerrado AB Four new species of Xenotarsonemus Beer (Acari, Tarsonemidae), X. brachytegula, X. pirassunungaensis, X. cerrado and X. spiniphorus, are described based on specimens collected from plants of the "Cerrado" vegetation in the State of S (a) over tildeo Paulo, Brazil. C1 Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Bot & Zool, BR-15054 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Entomol Fitopatol & Zool Agr, BR-13418900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Syst Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lofego, AC (reprint author), Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Bot & Zool, Campus Sao Jose Rio Preto, SP Rua Cristovao Colom, BR-15054 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. EM aclofego@ig.com.br RI Lofego, Antonio /H-6266-2012; OI Lofego, Antonio Carlos/0000-0002-3495-6858 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD NOV 26 PY 2007 IS 1646 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 234NV UT WOS:000251171700001 ER PT J AU Li, WB Song, QJ Brlansky, RH Hartung, JS AF Li, Wenbin Song, Qijian Brlansky, Ronald H. Hartung, John S. TI Genetic diversity of citrus bacterial canker pathogens preserved in herbarium specimens SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE bacterial diversity; forensic pathology; Xanthomonas ID AXONOPODIS PV. CITRI; SAO-PAULO STATE; XANTHOMONAS; STRAINS; FLORIDA; PCR; AMPLIFICATION; DISEASE; RECLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Citrus bacterial canker (CBC) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) was first documented in India and Java in the mid 19th century. Since that time, the known distribution of the disease has steadily increased. Concurrent with the dispersion of the pathogen, the diversity of described strains continues to increase, with novel strains appearing in Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Florida in the last decade. Herbarium specimens of infected plants provide an historical record documenting both the geographic distribution and genetic diversity of the pathogen in the past. However, no method was available to assess the genetic diversity within these herbarium samples. We have developed a method, insertion event scanning (IES), and applied the method to characterize the diversity present within CEIC populations documented as herbarium specimens over the past century. IES is based on the specific amplification of junction fragments that define insertion events. The potential for IES in current forensic applications is demonstrated by finding an exact match of pathogen genotypes preserved in herbarium specimens from Japan and Florida, demonstrating the source of the original outbreak of citrus canker in Florida in 1911. IES is a very sensitive technique for differentiating bacterial strains and can be applied to any of the several hundred bacteria for which full genomic sequence data are available. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hartung, JS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. EM john.hartung@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 47 BP 18427 EP 18432 DI 10.1073/pnas.0705590104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 236HB UT WOS:000251292500017 PM 17998540 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y McCormick, S AF Zhang, Yan McCormick, Sheila TI A distinct mechanism regulating a pollen-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small GTPase Rop in Arabidopsis thaliana SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE phosphorylation; pollen tube growth; receptor kinase ID RECEPTOR KINASES LEPRK1; RAC-LIKE GTPASES; TUBE GROWTH; TIP GROWTH; GENE-EXPRESSION; CELL-GROWTH; PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; POLAR GROWTH; LOCALIZATION; PLANTS AB Rop/Rac small GTPases are central to diverse developmental and cellular activities in plants, playing an especially important role in polar growth of pollen tubes. Although it is established that a class of plant-specific RopGEFs promotes the activity of Rop/Rac through the catalytic PRONE (Plant-specific Rop nucleotide exchanger) domain, not much is known about how RopGEF function is controlled to allow a spatiotemporally regulated Rop activity. To understand such a process in pollen, we performed functional analysis with a pollen-specific RopGEF, AtRopGEF12. Overexpression of AtRopGEF12 had minimal phenotypic effects, whereas overexpression of a C-terminally truncated version disturbed tube growth, suggesting that the C terminus was inhibitory to GEF function. In contrast to non-pollen-expressed RopGEFs, pollen-expressed RopGEFs have conserved C termini. A phospho-mimicking mutation at an invariant serine within the C terminus of AtRopGEF12 resulted in loss of the C-terminal inhibition, suggesting that phosphorylation regulates GEF activity in vivo. The PRONE domain of AtRopGEF12 (PRONE12)was not sufficient to induce isotropic tube growth. We used mbSUS to show that AtRopGEF12 interacts with an Arabidopsis pollen receptor kinase AtPRK2a through its C terminus, and BiFC to show that they interact in pollen tubes. Coexpression of AtRopGEF12 and AtPRK2a caused isotropic growth reminiscent of that seen upon overexpression of a constitutively active (CA) Rop. Coexpression of AtPRK2a with an N-terminally truncated AtRopGEF12 did not induce isotropic growth, indicating a positive role for the N-terminal domain. Our results suggest a mechanism by which the noncatalytic domains of pollenspecific/enriched RopGEFs regulate PRONE function, leading to polarized pollen tube growth. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Ctr Gene Express Ctr,Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McCormick, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Ctr Gene Express Ctr,Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM sheilamc@nature.berkeley.edu NR 43 TC 108 Z9 114 U1 2 U2 18 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 20 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 47 BP 18830 EP 18835 DI 10.1073/pnas.0705874104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 236HB UT WOS:000251292500086 PM 18000057 ER PT J AU Vincent, AL Ma, W Lager, KM Janke, BH Webby, RJ Garcia-Sastre, A Richt, EA AF Vincent, Amy L. Ma, Wenjun Lager, Kelly M. Janke, Bruce H. Webby, Richard J. Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Richt, Juergen A. TI Efficacy of intranasal administration of a truncated NS1 modified live influenza virus vaccine in swine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE swine influenza virus; modified live-virus vaccine; het-i; influenza a ID T-CELL CLONES; A VIRUS; CROSS-PROTECTION; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; VIRAL-PROTEINS; AMERICAN PIGS; SCID MICE; INFECTION; HEMAGGLUTININ AB In the U.S., despite available swine influenza virus (SIV) vaccines, multiple influenza subtypes as well as antigenic and genetic variants within subtypes continue to circulate in the swine population. One of the challenges to control and eliminate SIV is that the currently used inactivated influenza virus vaccines do not provide adequate cross-protection against multiple antigenic variants of SIV in the field. We previously generated a recombinant H3N2 swine influenza virus (SIV) based on the influenza A/SW/TX/4199-2/98 virus (TX98) containing an NS1 gene expressing a truncated NS1 protein of 126 amino acids, TX98-NS I A 126 virus. This recombinant strain was demonstrated to be highly attenuated in swine and showed potential for use as a modified live-virus vaccine (MLV) after intratracheal application in pigs. However, this route of inoculation is not practical for vaccination in the field. In the present study, we first compared intramuscular and intranasal routes of application of the MLV, and found that the intranasal route was superior in priming the local (mucosal) immune response. Pigs were then vaccinated via the intranasal route and challenged with wild type homologous TX98 H3N2 virus, with a genetic and antigenic variant H3N2 SIV (influenza A/SW/CO/23619/99 virus, CO99) and a heterosubtypic H1N1 SIV (influenza A/SW/IA/00239/2004 virus, IA04). The intranasally vaccinated pigs were completely protected against homologous challenge. In addition, MLV vaccination provided nearly complete protection against the antigenic H3N2 variant CO99 virus. When challenged with the H1N1 IA04 virus, MLV vaccinated animals displayed reduced fever and virus titers despite minimal reduction in lung lesions. In vaccinated pigs, there was no serologic cross-reactivity by HI assays with the heterologous or heterosubtypic viruses. However, there appeared to be substantial cross-reactivity in antibodies at the mucosal level with the C099 virus in MLV vaccinated pigs. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Div Virol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, New York, NY 10029 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Emerging Pathogens Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Vincent, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM amy.vincent@ars.usda.gov OI Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI070469-01, U01 AI070469-02, U01 AI070469, U19 AI062623, U19 AI062623-030003, U19 AI062623-040003, U19 AI62623] NR 49 TC 66 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 19 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 47 BP 7999 EP 8009 DI 10.1016/j.vaceine.2007.09.019 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 236VL UT WOS:000251331400004 PM 17933442 ER PT J AU Ridpath, JF Neill, JD Peterhans, E AF Ridpath, Julia F. Neill, John D. Peterhans, Ernst TI Impact of variation in acute virulence of BVDV1 strains on design of better vaccine efficacy challenge models SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE bovine viral diarrhea virus; Vaccine efficacy; Acute challenge model ID VIRAL-DIARRHEA-VIRUS; DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY ACCESSIONS; EXPERIMENTAL MUCOSAL DISEASE; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; LYMPHOID-TISSUES; NORTH-AMERICA; YOUNG CALVES; TYPE-2 BVDV; CATTLE AB Due to antigenic differences between BVDV1 and BVDV2 strains, both pestivirus species are included in U.S. vaccines. The efficacy of these vaccines in preventing acute infections is evaluated based on reduction of clinical disease. While high virulence BVDV2 strains are used in U.S. vaccine efficacy studies, the BVDV1 strain used (NY-1) produces very little in the way of clinical disease. In order to identify a BVDV1 strain that generates a more pronounced clinical presentation, three field strains were compared to NY-1. Infection with two of the field strains resulted in significantly more pronounced clinical disease compared to NY-1. Decreasing the inoculation of a field strain by two logs did not significantly chance clinical presentation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Bern, Inst Vet Virol, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jridpath@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 19 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 47 BP 8058 EP 8066 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.09.014 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 236VL UT WOS:000251331400009 PM 17942196 ER PT J AU Ramsey, JS Wilson, ACC de Vos, M Sun, Q Tamborindeguy, C Winfield, A Malloch, G Smith, DM Fenton, B Gray, SM Jander, G AF Ramsey, John S. Wilson, Alex C. C. de Vos, Martin Sun, Qi Tamborindeguy, Cecilia Winfield, Agnese Malloch, Gaynor Smith, Dawn M. Fenton, Brian Gray, Stewart M. Jander, Georg TI Genomic resources for Myzus persicae: EST sequencing, SNP identification, and microarray design SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID GREEN PEACH APHID; ROYAL JELLY PROTEINS; BREVICORYNE-BRASSICAE; SULZER HEMIPTERA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; REPRODUCTIVE MODES; GENE-EXPRESSION; POTATO APHID; PLANT; RESISTANCE AB Background: The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is a world-wide insect pest capable of infesting more than 40 plant families, including many crop species. However, despite the significant damage inflicted by M. persicae in agricultural systems through direct feeding damage and by its ability to transmit plant viruses, limited genomic information is available for this species. Results: Sequencing of 16 M. persicae cDNA libraries generated 26,669 expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Aphids for library construction were raised on Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana benthamiana, Brassica oleracea, B. napus, and Physalis floridana (with and without Potato leafroll virus infection). The M. persicae cDNA libraries include ones made from sexual and asexual whole aphids, guts, heads, and salivary glands. In silico comparison of cDNA libraries identified aphid genes with tissue-specific expression patterns, and gene expression that is induced by feeding on Nicotiana benthamiana. Furthermore, 2423 genes that are novel to science and potentially aphid-specific were identified. Comparison of cDNA data from three aphid lineages identified single nucleotide polymorphisms that can be used as genetic markers and, in some cases, may represent functional differences in the protein products. In particular, non-conservative amino acid substitutions in a highly expressed gut protease may be of adaptive significance for M. persicae feeding on different host plants. The Agilent eArray platform was used to design an M. persicae oligonucleotide microarray representing over 10,000 unique genes. Conclusion: New genomic resources have been developed for M. persicae, an agriculturally important insect pest. These include previously unknown sequence data, a collection of expressed genes, molecular markers, and a DNA microarray that can be used to study aphid gene expression. These resources will help elucidate the adaptations that allow M. persicae to develop compatible interactions with its host plants, complementing ongoing work illuminating plant molecular responses to phloem-feeding insects. C1 [Ramsey, John S.; de Vos, Martin; Jander, Georg] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wilson, Alex C. C.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Wilson, Alex C. C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Sun, Qi] Cornell Univ, Cornell Theory Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tamborindeguy, Cecilia; Smith, Dawn M.; Gray, Stewart M.] USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Winfield, Agnese; Malloch, Gaynor; Fenton, Brian] Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. RP Jander, G (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jsr47@cornell.edu; acwilson@bio.miami.edu; md285@cornell.edu; qisun@tc.cornell.edu; ct266@cornell.edu; agnesebw@yahoo.co.kk; gaynor.malloch@scri.ac.uk; dms33@cornell.edu; brian.fenton@scri.ac.uk; smg3@cornell.edu; gj32@cornell.edu RI Tamborindeguy, Cecilia/A-6110-2012 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [K12 GM000708, K12 GM00708] NR 69 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 24 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 16 PY 2007 VL 8 AR 423 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-8-423 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 257EC UT WOS:000252781000001 PM 18021414 ER PT J AU Weiskittel, AR Maguire, DA Monserud, RA AF Weiskittel, Aaron R. Maguire, Douglas A. Monserud, Robert A. TI Response of branch growth and mortality to silvicultural treatments in coastal Douglas-fir plantations: Implications for predicting tree growth SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Douglas-fir; intensive management; crown dynamics; branch modeling; fertilization; thinning; Swiss needle cast; vegetation management; branch mortality; branch radial growth; growth and yield modeling ID SWISS NEEDLE CAST; WOODY WEED-CONTROL; SCOTS PINE; CROWN STRUCTURE; CENTRAL FINLAND; STAND DENSITY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; RADIAL GROWTH; NORWAY SPRUCE; GRAND FIR AB Static models of individual tree crown attributes such as height to crown base and maximum branch diameter profile have been developed for several commercially important species. Dynamic models of individual branch growth and mortality have received less attention, but have generally been developed retrospectively by dissecting felled trees; however, this approach is limited by the lack of historic stand data and the difficulty in determining the exact timing of branch death. This study monitored the development of individual branches on 103 stems located on a variety of silvicultural trials in the Pacific Northwest, USA. The results indicated that branch growth and mortality were significantly influenced by precommercial thinning (PCT), commercial thinning, fertilization, vegetation management, and a foliar disease known as Swiss needle cast [caused by Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii (T. Rohde) Petr.]. Models developed across these datasets accounted for treatment effects through variables such as tree basal area growth and the size of the crown. Insertion of the branch growth and mortality equations into an individual-tree modeling framework, significantly improved short-term predictions of crown recession on an independent series of silvicultural trials, which increased mean accuracy of diameter growth prediction (reduction in mean bias). However, the static height to crown base equation resulted in a lower mean square error for the tree diameter and height growth predictions. Overall, individual branches were found to be highly responsive to changes in stand conditions imposed by silvicultural treatments, and therefore represent an important mechanism explaining tree and stand growth responses. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Weiskittel, AR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM aaron.weiskittel@oregonstate.edu NR 77 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 251 IS 3 BP 182 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.06.007 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 228PW UT WOS:000250743000006 ER PT J AU Pardo, LH Hemond, HF Montoya, JP Pett-Ridge, J AF Pardo, L. H. Hemond, H. F. Montoya, J. P. Pett-Ridge, J. TI Natural abundance N-15 in soil and litter across a nitrate-output gradient in New Hampshire SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE nitrogen cycling; N saturation; species patterns ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; PICEA-ABIES FOREST; NITROGEN SATURATION; STREAMWATER CHEMISTRY; CATSKILL MOUNTAINS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; TEMPERATE FOREST; ISOTOPE RATIOS; HUBBARD BROOK; 2 WATERSHEDS AB Stable isotopes of nitrogen are potentially a valuable tool for regional assessments of nitrogen saturation because they provide an integrated measure of the past nitrogen cycling history of a site. We measured delta N-15 of soil and litter, as well as net nitrification potential, at three sites across a nitrate-loss gradient in the White Mountains, New Hampshire to test the hypotheses: (1) that delta N-15 in soil and litter increase across a spatial gradient of nitrate loss; and (2) that delta N-15 in soil and litter is elevated when nitrification is elevated. delta N-15 was found not to vary significantly among the three sites. Patterns of leaf litter and forest floor delta N-15, however, were strongly influenced by species composition in individual plots. Beech litter had significantly higher delta N-15 than yellow birch, sugar maple, and red maple. The conifer-dominated plots had significantly lower delta N-15 in both the organic soil horizons and in litter than did the hardwood-dominated plots. When we adjusted for spatial heterogeneity in mineral soil delta N-15 values by using an enrichment factor, delta N-15(foliar) - delta N-15(Bs), in place of absolute soil delta N-15 values, a positive relationship was found with net nitrification for hardwoods. delta N-15 may also be a useful tool for evaluating species differences in nitrogen cycling and nitrogen uptake. The distinct pattern we observed of decreasing delta N-15 across the continuum from hardwood-dominated to conifer-dominated sites may suggest that local drivers (for example, nitrification rate) regulate the absolute value of foliar delta N-15, while species-driven factors (e.g., timing and type of uptake) control the foliar delta N-15 value of one species relative to another in the same plot. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. MIT 48 311, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pardo, LH (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, 705 Spear St, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. EM lpardo@fs.fed.us NR 77 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 7 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 251 IS 3 BP 217 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.06.047 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 228PW UT WOS:000250743000009 ER PT J AU Uzoh, FCC Oliver, WW AF Uzoh, Fabian C. C. Oliver, William W. TI Individual tree height increment model for managed even-aged stands of ponderosa pine throughout the western United States using linear mixed effects models (vol 221, pg 147, 2006) SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Correction C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Uzoh, FCC (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 3644 Avtech Pkwy, Redding, CA 96002 USA. EM fuzoh@fs.fed.us; boliver@fs.fed.us NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 251 IS 3 BP 231 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.08.011 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 228PW UT WOS:000250743000010 ER PT J AU Blumberg, JB Frei, B AF Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Frei, Balz TI Why clinical trials of vitamin E and cardiovascular diseases may be fatally flawed. Commentary on "The relationship between dose of vitamin E and suppression of oxidative stress in humans" SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SECONDARY PREVENTION; HEART-DISEASE; SUPPLEMENTS; METAANALYSIS; MORTALITY C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Oregon State Univ, Linus Pauling Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Blumberg, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Jeffrey.blumberg@tufts.edu NR 15 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 10 BP 1374 EP 1376 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.08.017 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 223IX UT WOS:000250364600003 PM 17936183 ER PT J AU Tague, C Farrell, M Grant, G Lewis, S Rey, S AF Tague, Christina Farrell, Michael Grant, Gordon Lewis, Sarah Rey, Serge TI Hydrogeologic controls on summer stream temperatures in the McKenzie River basin, Oregon SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE geologic template; groundwater; stream temperature; McKenzie river; Oregon Cascades ID UNITED-STATES; MODEL; CASCADES AB Stream temperature is a complex function of energy inputs including solar radiation and latent and sensible heat transfer. In streams where groundwater inputs are significant, energy input through advection can also be an important control on stream temperature. For an individual stream reach, models of stream temperature can take advantage of direct measurement or estimation of these energy inputs for a given river channel environment. Understanding spatial patterns of stream temperature at a landscape scale requires predicting how this environment varies through space, and under different atmospheric conditions. At the landscape scale, air temperature is often used as a surrogate for the dominant controls on stream temperature. In this study we show that, in regions where groundwater inputs are key controls and the degree of groundwater input varies in space, air temperature alone is unlikely to explain within-landscape stream temperature patterns. We illustrate how a geologic template can offer insight into landscape-scale patterns of stream temperature and its predictability from air temperature relationships. We focus on variation in stream temperature within headwater streams within the McKenzie River basin in western Oregon. In this region, as in other areas of the Pacific Northwest, fish sensitivity to summer stream temperatures continues to be a pressing environmental issue. We show that, within the McKenzie, streams which are sourced from deeper groundwater reservoirs versus shallow subsurface flow systems have distinct summer temperature regimes. Groundwater streams are colder, less variable and less sensitive to air temperature variation. We use these results from the western Oregon Cascade hydroclimatic regime to illustrate a conceptual framework for developing regional-scale indicators of stream temperature variation that considers the underlying geologic controls on spatial variation, and the relative roles played by energy and water inputs. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Tague, Christina] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Farrell, Michael; Rey, Serge] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geog, San Diego, CA 92192 USA. [Grant, Gordon] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lewis, Sarah] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Tague, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM ctague@bren.ucsb.edu OI Rey, Sergio/0000-0001-5857-9762 NR 31 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 25 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 24 BP 3288 EP 3300 DI 10.1002/hyp.6538 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 245TR UT WOS:000251962200003 ER PT J AU Coast, GM Nachman, RJ Schooley, DA AF Coast, Geoffrey M. Nachman, Ronald J. Schooley, David A. TI An antidiuretic peptide (Tenmo-ADFb) with kinin-like diuretic activity on Malpighian tubules of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L.) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Malpighan tubule; fluid secretion; ion transport; electrophysiology; diuretic hormone; antidiuretic factor; kinin; neuropeptide ID RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS STAL; FLUID SECRETION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; AEDES-AEGYPTI; TRANSPORT MECHANISMS; NEUROPEPTIDE FAMILY; LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; ANTI-DIURESIS; ION AB Acheta domesticus is reported to have an antidiuretic hormone that reduces Malpighian tubule secretion. Identified peptides known to work in this way (Tenmo-ADFa and ADFb, and Manse-CAP(2b)) were tested as candidates for the unidentified hormone, along with their second messenger, cyclic GMP. Only Tenmo-ADFb was active, but was diuretic, as was 8-bromo cyclic GMP. The activity of Tenmo-ADFb is comparable to that of the cricket kinin neuropeptide, Achdo-KII, but it is much less potent. Its activity was unaffected by deleting either the six N-terminal residues or the C-terminal phenylalanine. At high concentrations, tubule secretion is doubled by Tenmo-ADFb and Achdo-KII, but their actions are nonadditive, suggesting they have a similar mode of action. Both stimulate a non-selective KCl and NaCl diuresis, which is consistent with the opening of a transepithelial Cl- conductance. In support of this, the diuretic response to Tenmo-ADFb and Achdo-KII is prevented by a ten-fold reduction in bathing fluid chloride concentration, and both peptides cause the lumen-positive transepithelial voltage to collapse. The Cl- conductance pathway appears likely to be transcellular, because the Cl- channel blocker DPC reduces both basal and peptide-stimulated rates of secretion. The effects of 8-bromo cyclic GMP on transepithelial voltage and composition of the secreted fluid are markedly different from those of Tenmo-ADFb. This is the first report of the antidiuretic factor Tenmo-ADFb stimulating tubule secretion. Although the actions of Tenmo-ADFb are indistinguishable from those of Achdo-KII, it is unlikely to act at a kinin receptor, because the core sequence (residues 7-12) lacks the Phe and Trp residues that are critical for kinin activity. C1 Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, London WC1E 7HX, England. USDA, APMRU SPARC, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Coast, GM (reprint author), Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, Malet St, London WC1E 7HX, England. EM g.coast@bbk.ac.uk NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 210 IS 22 BP 3979 EP 3989 DI 10.1242/jeb.006056 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 233RN UT WOS:000251108100015 PM 17981866 ER PT J AU Williams, MS Ebel, ED Wagner, BA AF Williams, Michael S. Ebel, Eric D. Wagner, Bruce A. TI Monte Carlo approaches for determining power and sample size in low-prevalence applications SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE two population; proportion; eradication; animal surveillance ID INDEPENDENT PROPORTIONS AB The prevalence of disease in many populations is often low. For example, the prevalence of tuberculosis, brucellosis, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy range from 1 per 100,000 to less than 1 per 1,000,000 in many countries. When an outbreak occurs, epidemiological investigations often require comparing the prevalence in an exposed population with that of an unexposed population. To determine if the level of disease in the two populations is significantly different, the epidemiologist must consider the test to be used, desired power of the test, and determine the appropriate sample size for both the exposed and unexposed populations. Commonly available software packages provide estimates of the required sample sizes for this application. This study shows that these estimated sample sizes can exceed the necessary number of samples by more than 35% when the prevalence is low. We provide a Monte Carlo-based solution and show that in low-prevalence applications this approach can lead to reductions in the total samples size of more than 10,000 samples. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Williams, MS (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, 2150 B Ctr Ave,Mail Stop 2E6, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM michael.s.williams@aphis.usda.gov NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 82 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.05.015 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 218SK UT WOS:000250035000013 PM 17590459 ER PT J AU Gripshover, EM Givens, MD Ridpath, JF Brock, KV Whitley, EM Sartin, EA AF Gripshover, Ellie M. Givens, M. Daniel Ridpath, Julia F. Brock, Kenny V. Whitley, Elizabeth M. Sartin, Eva A. TI Variation in E-rns viral glycoprotein associated with failure of immunohistochemistry and commercial antigen capture ELISA to detect a field strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bovine viral diarrhea virus; detection; mutation; immunohistochemistry; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PERSISTENT INFECTION; NORTH-AMERICA; BVDV; CATTLE; CALVES; SAMPLES; PROTECTION; OUTBREAKS; 1A AB Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) affects cattle populations causing clinical signs that range from subclinical immunosuppression to severe reproductive and respiratory problems. Detection and removal of persistently infected (PI) calves is the single most important factor for control and eradication of BVDV. Current testing strategies to detect PI calves rely heavily on immunohistochemistry (IHC) and a commercially available antigen capture ELISA (ACE) assay. These viral assays depend on 1 or 2 monoclonal antibodies which target the E-rns glycoprotein of BVDV The sensitivity and specificity of these two tests have been reported previously. The purpose of this research was to characterize a strain of BVDV (AU501) that was undetectable using IHC and ACE based on a single monoclonal antibody, but was consistently detected in samples from a Holstein steer using virus isolation and PCR testing. Sequencing of this AU501 viral isolate revealed a unique mutation in the portion of the genome coding for the E-rns glycoprotein. This unique field strain of BVDV demonstrates the risk of relying on a single monoclonal antibody for detection of BVDV Multiple testing strategies, including polyclonal or pooled monoclonal antibodies that detect more than one viral glycoprotein may be necessary to detect all PI calves and facilitate eradication of BVDV. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Sugg Lab 127, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Givens, MD (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Sugg Lab 127, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM givenmd@vetmed.auburn.edu NR 34 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 125 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.05.014 PG 11 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 229LJ UT WOS:000250804200002 PM 17582710 ER PT J AU Chockalingam, A McKinney, CE Rinaldi, M Zarlenga, DS Bannerman, DD AF Chockalingam, Annapoorani McKinney, Cindy E. Rinaldi, Manuela Zarlenga, Dante S. Bannerman, Douglas D. TI A peptide derived from human bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) exerts bactericidal activity against Gram-negative bacterial isolates obtained from clinical cases of bovine mastitis SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bovine; endotoxin; Escherichia coli; lipopolysaccharide; mastitis ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; TERMINAL FRAGMENT; PERMEABILITY; MILK; ENDOTOXIN; MINERALS; DEFENSE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; NEUTRALIZATION AB Gram-negative bacteria are responsible for approximately one-third of the clinical cases of bovine mastitis and can elicit a life-threatening, systemic inflammatory response. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria and is largely responsible for evoking the inflammatory response. Antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy for treating Gram-negative infections remains suboptimal. Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) is a neutrophil-derived protein with antimicrobial and LPS-neutralizing properties. Select peptide derivatives of BPI are reported to retain these properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a human BPI-derived synthetic peptide against clinical bovine mastitis isolates of Gram-negative bacteria. A hybrid peptide was synthesized corresponding to two regions of human BPI (amino acids 90-99 and 148-161), the former of which has bactericidal activity and the latter of which has LPS-neutralizing activity. The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations of this peptide against various genera of bacteria were determined using a broth microdilution assay. The MIC's were determined to be: 16-64 mu g/ml against Escherichia coli; 32-128 mu g/ml against Klebsiella pneurnoniae and Enterobacter spp.; and 64-256 mu g/ml against Pseudornonas aeruginosa. The MBC's were equivalent to or 1-fold greater than corresponding MIC's. The peptide had no growth inhibitory effect on Serratia marcescens. The antimicrobial activity of the peptide was retained in the presence of serum, but severely C1 USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Milan, Dept Vet Pathol Hyg & Publ Hlth, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Bannerman, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Bldg 1040,Room 2, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM douglas.bannerman@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 125 IS 1-2 BP 80 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.05.004 PG 11 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 229LJ UT WOS:000250804200009 PM 17560054 ER PT J AU Lawrence, PK Dassanayake, RP Knowles, DP Srikumaran, S AF Lawrence, Paulraj K. Dassanayake, Rohana P. Knowles, Donald P. Srikumaran, Subramaniam TI Transfection of non-susceptible cells with Ovis aries recombinant lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 renders susceptibility to Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mannheimia haemolytica; leukotoxin; receptor; domestic sheep; LFA-1 ID BOVINE ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INDUCED CYTOLYSIS; LEUKOCYTES; SHEEP; CD18; RECEPTOR; MECHANISMS; INTEGRINS AB Mannheimia haemolytica is an important etiological agent of pneumonia in domestic sheep (DS, Ovis aries). Leukotoxin (Lkt) produced by this organism is the principal virulence factor responsible for the acute inflammation and lung injury characteristic of M. haemolytica caused disease. Previously, we have shown that the leukocyte-specific integrins, (32 integrins, serve as the receptor for Lkt. Although it is certain that CD] 8, the (3 subunit of 02 integrins, mediates Lkt-induced cytolysis of leukocytes, it is not clear whether CD18 of all three beta(2) integrins, LFA-1, Mac-1 and CR4, mediates Lkt-induced cytolysis of DS leukocytes. Since polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which express all three (32 integrins, are the leukocyte subset that is most susceptible to Lkt, we hypothesized that all three (32 integrins serve as the receptor for Lkt. The objective of this study was to determine whether DS LFA-1 serves as a receptor for M. haemolytica Lkt. We cloned the cDNA for DS CD 11 a, the a subunit of LFA-1, and co-transfected it along with the previously cloned cDNA for DS CD18, into a Lkt-non-suceptible cell line. Transfectants stably expressing DS LFA-1 were bound by Lkt. More importantly, Lkt lysed the DS LFA-1 transfeclants in a concentration-dependent manner. Pre-incubation of Lkt with a Lkt-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb), or pre-incubation of transfectants with MAbs specific for DS CD11a or CD 18, inhibited Lkt-induced cytolysis of the transfectants. Exposure of LFA-1 transfectants to low concentrations of Lkt resulted in elevation of intracellular [Ca2+];. Taken together, these results indicate that DS LFA-1 serves as a receptor for M. haemolytica Lkt. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Srikumaran, S (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ssrikumaran@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD NOV 15 PY 2007 VL 125 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.05.006 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 229LJ UT WOS:000250804200010 PM 17590539 ER PT J AU De Brito, ES De Araujo, MCP Alves, RE Carkeet, C Clevidence, BA Novotny, JA AF De Brito, Edy Sousa De Araujo, Manuela Cristina Pessanha Alves, Ricardo Elesbao Carkeet, Colleen Clevidence, Beverly A. Novotny, Janet A. TI Anthocyanins present in selected tropical fruits: Acerola, jambolao, jussara, and guajiru SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE malpighia emarginata; euterpe edulis; syzygium cumini; chrysobalanus icaco; acerola; jambolao; jussara; guajiru; anthocyanin ID UNITED-STATES; COMMON FOODS; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; POMEGRANATE JUICE; MART. ACAI; EUTERPE; IDENTIFICATION; ELECTROSPRAY; CONSUMPTION AB Many tropical fruits are rich in anthocyanins, though limited information is available about the characterization and quantification of these. anthocyanins. The identification and quantification of anthocyanin pigments in four tropical fruits were determined by HPLC-MS/MS. Fruits studied included acerola (Malphigia emarginata), jussara (Euterpe edulis), jambolao (Syzygium cumini),,and guajiru (Chrysobalanus icaco). All four fruits were found to contain anthocyanin pigments. Anthocyaniclin backbones included cyaniclin, delphiniclin, peonidin, pelargoniclin, petuniclin, and malvidin. Guajiru contained several acylated forms, while acerola, jussara, and jambolao contained only nonacylated glycosides. These results demonstrate that these tropical fruits are rich in anthocyanins and that the, anthocyanins are widely ranging in anthocyaniclin backbone, glycosylation, and acylation. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Food Compnents & Hlth Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Embrapa Food Technol, BR-23020470 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Embrapa Trop AgroInd, BR-60511110 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. RP Novotny, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Food Compnents & Hlth Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Janet.Novotny@ars.usda.gov RI Sousa de Brito, Edy/I-3587-2012; Alves, Ricardo/I-5771-2012 OI Sousa de Brito, Edy/0000-0003-4084-8076; Alves, Ricardo/0000-0001-5645-2928 NR 25 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 23 BP 9389 EP 9394 DI 10.1021/jf0715020 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 229HO UT WOS:000250794100010 PM 17929888 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JC Lancaster, VA AF Beaulieu, John C. Lancaster, Vicki A. TI Correlating volatile compounds, sensory attributes, and quality parameters in stored fresh-cut cantaloupe SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE acetate; aldehyde; aroma; correlation; Cucumis melo; ester; flavor; fruit; maturity; melon; minimal processing ID ALCOHOL ACYL-TRANSFERASE; MELONS CUCUMIS-MELO; BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; AROMA VOLATILES; FRUIT; STORAGE; ESTERS; IDENTIFICATION; MATURATION; APPLES AB Changes in post-cutting volatiles, quality, and sensory attributes during fresh-cut storage (4 degrees C) of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. var. Reticulatus, Naudin, cv. 'Sol Real') harvested at four distinct maturities (1/4-, 1/2-, 3/4-, and full-slip) were investigated after 0, 2, 5, 7, 9, 12, and 14 days in a 2-year study. Increased fruity and sweet taste attributes were negatively correlated with percent acetates, aromatic acetates, and total aromatic compounds, and positively correlated with percentage non-acetate esters. Ethyl hexanoate was strongly positively correlated with fruity and sweet taste. Cucurbit, water-like, hardness, cohesiveness, and denseness were positively correlated with percentage acetates, aromatic acetates, and total aromatic compounds, and negatively correlated with percentage non-acetate esters. Several non-acetate esters such as ethyl 2-methyl propanoate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl 2-methyl butanoate, and ethyl hexanoate were negatively (often strongly) correlated with cucurbit. Hardness was positively and strongly correlated with aromatic acetates and all aromatic (benzyl) compounds. In summary, firmer and denser cubes contained more acetates and fewer non-acetate esters. The apparently negative or undesirable attributes cucurbit and waterlike were associated with higher acetates and aromatic compounds. Overall, relatively strong (year x maturity x day) correlations among numerous physiological, volatile, and sensory measures were found in this study. Highly significant (stronger) correlations were found in a year x day analysis used to pair maturity means; however, year and interaction effects require prudence when interpreting that data. Nonetheless, both analyses delivered almost identical trends, and strong correlations occurred even though samples were randomized from numerous fruits, per maturity, per juice catcher container, over 2 years. Further interpretation and biochemical explanation are needed to rationalize why mainly only non-acetate esters were highly correlated with desirable sensory and quality parameters. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, So Reg Res Ctr, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. Neptune & Co Inc, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. RP Beaulieu, JC (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, So Reg Res Ctr, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd,1176 Kimbro Dr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. EM beaulieu@srre.ars.usda.gov OI Beaulieu, John/0000-0001-7767-5901 NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 23 BP 9503 EP 9513 DI 10.1021/jf070282n PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 229HO UT WOS:000250794100026 PM 17944532 ER PT J AU Pryor, SW Siebert, KJ Gibson, DM Gossett, JM Walker, LP AF Pryor, Scott W. Siebert, Karl J. Gibson, Donna M. Gossett, James M. Walker, Larry P. TI Modeling production of antifungal compounds and their role in Biocontrol product inhibitory activity SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; iturin; fengycin; Bacillus subtilis; PLS; solid-state fermentation ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL PRODUCT; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; LIPOPEPTIDE PRODUCTION; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; ITURIN-A; AGENT AB Partial least squares (PLS) regression modeling was used to relate the antifungal activity of Bacillus subtilis solid-state fermentation extracts to the individual high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) peaks from those extracts. A model was developed that predicted bioassay inhibition based on the extract HPLC profile (R-2 = 0.99). Concentrations of the members of the antifungal lipopeptide families iturin A and fengycin were found to correlate positively with extract inhibition, but a peak with unidentified chemical composition (designated as peak 48) showed the strongest correlation with extract inhibition. HPLC data were used to construct models for the production of iturin A, fengycin, and peak 48 as a function of the substrate moisture content, incubator temperature, and aeration rate in the solid-state bioreactors. Maximum production of all compounds occurred at the highest moisture content (1.7 g/g dry basis) and lowest incubator temperature (19 degrees C) tested. Optimal aeration rates for the production of the two known lipopeptides and peak 48 were 0.1 and 1.5 L/min, respectively. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. USDA, ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Walker, LP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lpwl@cornell.edu RI pryor, scott/A-9751-2013 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 23 BP 9530 EP 9536 DI 10.1021/jf0719252 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 229HO UT WOS:000250794100029 PM 17949051 ER PT J AU McQuate, GT Vargas, RI AF McQuate, Grant T. Vargas, Roger I. TI Assessment of attractiveness of plants as roosting sites for the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae, and oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE suppression; bait spray; crop borders; Ricinus communis; Polyscias guilfoylei; Erythrina variegata; and Psidium guajava ID TEPHRITIDAE POPULATIONS; FLIES DIPTERA; PAPAYA ORCHARDS; PROTEIN BAITS; PHLOXINE-B; MALATHION; SPINOSAD; HYMENOPTERA; SUPPRESSION; CALIFORNIA AB The use of toxic protein bait sprays to suppress melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae), populations typically involves application to vegetation bordering agricultural host areas where the adults seek shelter ("roost"). Although bait spray applications for suppression of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), populations have traditionally been applied to the host crop, rather than to crop borders, roosting by oriental fruit flies in borders of some crop species, such as papaya, Carica papaya L. (Brassicales: Caricaceae), suggests that bait spray applications to crop borders could also help in suppression of B. dorsalis populations. In order to develop improved recommendations for application of bait sprays to border plants for suppression of melon fly and oriental fruit fly populations, the relative attractiveness of a range of plant species, in a vegetative (non-flowering) stage, was tested to wild melon fly and oriental fruit fly populations established in a papaya orchard in Hawaii. A total of 20 plant species were evaluated, divided into four categories: 1) border plants, including corn, Zea mays L. (Poales: Poaceae), windbreaks and broad-leaved ornamentals, 7 species; 2) weed plants commonly found in agricultural fields in Hawaii, 6 species; 3) host crop plants, 1 species - zucchini, Cucurbita pepo L. (Violales: Curcurbitaceae), and 4) locally grown fruit trees, 6 species. Plants were established in pots and placed in an open field, in clusters encircling protein bait traps, 20 m away from the papaya orchard. Castor bean, Ricinus communis L. (uphorbiales: Euphorbiaceae), panax, Polyscias guilfoylei (Bull) Bailey (Apiales: Araliaceae), tiger's claw, Erythrina variegata L. (Fabales: Fabaceae), and guava, Psidium guajava L. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) were identified as preferred roosting hosts for the melon fly, and tiger's claw, panax, castor bean, Canada cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L. (Asterales: Asteraceae), Brazilian pepper tree, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), ti plant, Cordyline terminalis ( L.) Chev.(Liliales: Liliaceae), guava and several Citrus spp. were identified as preferred roosting hosts for oriental fruit fly. Guava had not previously been identified as a preferred roosting host for melon fly. Other than for the use of panax as a roosting host, there has previously been little attention to roosting hosts for oriental fruit fly. Establishment of preferred roosting hosts as crop borders may help to improve suppression of both fruit fly species by providing sites for bait spray applications. Further research is needed to assess the use of vegetation bordering other host crops as roosting hosts, especially for oriental fruit fly. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI USA. RP McQuate, GT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI USA. EM Grant.McQuate@ars.usda.gov; Roger.Vargas@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 7 AR 57 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 231QN UT WOS:000250964200002 PM 20334596 ER PT J AU Cooley, M Carychao, D Crawford-Miksza, L Jay, MT Myers, C Rose, C Keys, C Farrar, J Mandrell, RE AF Cooley, Michael Carychao, Diana Crawford-Miksza, Leta Jay, Michele T. Myers, Carol Rose, Christopher Keys, Christine Farrar, Jeff Mandrell, Robert E. TI Incidence and Tracking of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a Major Produce Production Region in California SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Fresh vegetables have become associated with outbreaks caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EcO157). Between 1995-2006, 22 produce outbreaks were documented in the United States, with nearly half traced to lettuce or spinach grown in California. Outbreaks between 2002 and 2006 induced investigations of possible sources of pre-harvest contamination on implicated farms in the Salinas and San Juan valleys of California, and a survey of the Salinas watershed. EcO157 was isolated at least once from 15 of 22 different watershed sites over a 19 month period. The incidence of EcO157 increased significantly when heavy rain caused an increased flow rate in the rivers. Approximately 1000 EcO157 isolates obtained from cultures of >100 individual samples were typed using Multi-Locus Variable-number-tandem-repeat Analysis (MLVA) to assist in identifying potential fate and transport of EcO157 in this region. A subset of these environmental isolates were typed by Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) in order to make comparisons with human clinical isolates associated with outbreak and sporadic illness. Recurrence of identical and closely related EcO157 strains from specific locations in the Salinas and San Juan valleys suggests that transport of the pathogen is usually restricted. In a preliminary study, EcO157 was detected in water at multiple locations in a low-flow creek only within 135 meters of a point source. However, possible transport up to 32 km was detected during periods of higher water flow associated with flooding. During the 2006 baby spinach outbreak investigation, transport was also detected where water was unlikely to be involved. These results indicate that contamination of the environment is a dynamic process involving multiple sources and methods of transport. Intensive studies of the sources, incidence, fate and transport of EcO157 near produce production are required to determine the mechanisms of pre-harvest contamination and potential risks for human illness. C1 [Cooley, Michael; Carychao, Diana; Mandrell, Robert E.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA USA. [Crawford-Miksza, Leta; Jay, Michele T.] Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Food & Drug Lab Branch, Richmond, CA USA. [Rose, Christopher] Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Cent Coast Reg Water Qual Control Board, San Luis Obispo, CA USA. [Keys, Christine] US FDA, CFSAN, OPDF DMS, College Pk, MD USA. RP Cooley, M (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA USA. EM mcooley@pw.usda.gov; mandrell@pw.usda.gov FU CRIS [5325-42000-045-00D, 5325-42000-044-00D]; FDA [5325-42000-045-01R]; CAL-EPA State Water Resources Control Board [05-221-130-0]; USDA-CSREES Section 32.1 [2006-01240] FX A portion of this work was funded by CRIS projects 5325-42000-045-00D and 5325-42000-044-00D, an interagency transfer of funds provided by FDA (5325-42000-045-01R), a contract with the CAL-EPA State Water Resources Control Board (05-221-130-0), and a grant from USDA-CSREES Section 32.1 (project no. 2006-01240). NR 80 TC 169 Z9 171 U1 4 U2 32 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 14 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 11 AR e1159 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0001159 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10JA UT WOS:000207459100002 PM 18174909 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG AF Pogue, Michael G. TI Revision of the genus Psectrotarsia Dognin, 1907 (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae : Heliothinae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE systematics; genitalia; new synonym; new combination; revised status; Erythroecia AB Based on characters of the male and female genitalia, the genus Erythroecia Hampson, 1910 is considered a new synonym of Psectrotarsia Dognin, 1907. Psectrotarsia contains five species: P. flava Dognin ( type species); P. suavis ( H. Edwards), new combination; P. hebardi ( Skinner), new combination; P. euposis ( Dyar), new combination and revised status; and P. rhodophora ( Hampson), new combination. Each species is redescribed and illustrated. Copitarsia fuscirena ( Hampson), new combination, and C. tamsi ( Giacomelli), new combination, are transferred from Psectrotarsia to Copitarsia Hampson, 1906. Psectrotarsia ranges from the northeastern, midwestern, and southwestern United States to Guatemala. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Smithsonian Inst,NMNH, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Smithsonian Inst,NMNH, POB 37012,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mpogue@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD NOV 14 PY 2007 IS 1637 BP 1 EP 19 PG 19 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 230NB UT WOS:000250882100001 ER PT J AU Jimenez-Hornero, FJ Giraldez, JV Laguna, AM Bennett, SJ Alonso, CV AF Jimenez-Hornero, Francisco J. Giraldez, Juan V. Laguna, Ana M. Bennett, Sean J. Alonso, Carlos V. TI Modelling the effects of emergent vegetation on an open-channel flow using a lattice model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE lattice model; turbulence; vegetated flow; open channel ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; BOLTZMANN MODEL; SUBMERGED VEGETATION; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; TURBULENT-FLOW; RESISTANCE; DRAG; COEFFICIENTS; SIMULATION AB A two-dimensional lattice model has been developed to describe the influence of vegetation on the turbulent flow structure in an open channel. The model includes the influence of vegetation density on the frictional effect of the channel bed and walls. For the walls, a semi-slip boundary condition has been considered as an alternative to overcome the no-slip boundary condition limitations in turbulent flows. The drag stress exerted by the flow on the vegetation as well as the gravity effect has also been taken into account. The proposed lattice model has been used to simulate the experimental results reported from the study of the influence of alternate vegetated zones on the open-channel flow. The results show that the lattice model approach is a valid tool for describing these kinds of flows. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Cordoba, Hydraul Engn Sect, Dept Agron, Cordoba, Spain. Univ Cordoba, Dept Appl Phys, Cordoba, Spain. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Jimenez-Hornero, FJ (reprint author), Univ Cordoba, Hydraul Engn Sect, Dept Agron, Albert Einstein C2 Bldg,Campus Rabanales, Cordoba, Spain. EM ir2jihof@uco.es RI Laguna, Ana/G-4592-2015; Jimenez-Hornero, Francisco/K-8771-2014 OI Laguna, Ana/0000-0002-7429-8095; Jimenez-Hornero, Francisco/0000-0003-4498-8797 NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 55 IS 7 BP 655 EP 672 DI 10.1002/fld.1488 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 224AJ UT WOS:000250417100003 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Vianna, MCB Kwok, OCH Hill, DE Miska, KB Tuo, W Velmurugan, GV Conors, M Jenkins, MC AF Dubey, J. P. Vianna, M. C. B. Kwok, O. C. H. Hill, D. E. Miska, K. B. Tuo, W. Velmurugan, G. V. Conors, M. Jenkins, M. C. TI Neosporosis in Beagle dogs: Clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, isolation and genetic characterization of Neospora caninum SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neosporosis; Neospora caninum; clinical signs; isolation; mice; gerbils; cell culture; bradyzoites; sequence analysis ID NATURALLY INFECTED-DOG; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; HAMMONDIA-HAMMONDI; BOVINE NEOSPOROSIS; OOCYSTS; GERMANY; ANTIGEN; FECES AB Clinical neosporosis was diagnosed in a litter of five pups born to a Beagle bitch from Virginia, USA. Four of the pups developed limb weakness starting at 4 weeks of age. The dogs were suspected to have neosporosis based on clinical signs and empirically treated with Clindamycin (75 mg, oral, twice daily, total 150 mg) starting at 9 weeks of age and the dosage was doubled at 13 weeks of age. Antibodies to Neospora caninum were detected in sera of the dam and pups when first tested serologically at the age of 4 months. The owner donated the pup with the worst clinical signs and the dam for research; both dogs were euthanized. Viable N. caninum was isolated in gamma interferon gene knock out (KO) mice and in cell culture from the pup killed at 137 days of age. Tissue cysts, but no tachyzoites, were found in histological sections of brain and muscles. The isolate was also identified as N. caninum by PCR and sequence analysis and designated NC-9. N. caninum was neither isolated by bioassay in KO mice nor found in histological sections of tissues of the bitch. Clinical signs in the remaining three pups improved considerably after a 6-month treatment with Clindamycin; N. caninum antibody titers were still persistent in these pups at 23 months of age. Results indicate that medication with Clindamycin can improve clinical condition but not eliminate N. caninum infection. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Anim Parasit Lab, Anim Nat Resources Inst, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Pamela Picture LLC, Chase City, VA 23924 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Lab, Anim Nat Resources Inst, Agr Res Serv, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM JITENDER.DUBEY@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 31 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 149 IS 3-4 BP 158 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.08.013 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 227JW UT WOS:000250654000003 PM 17890012 ER PT J AU Rosypal, AC Cortes-Vecino, JA Gennari, SM Dubey, JP Tidwell, RR Lindsay, DS AF Rosypal, A. C. Cortes-Vecino, J. A. Gennari, S. M. Dubey, J. P. Tidwell, R. R. Lindsay, D. S. TI Serological survey of Leishmania infantum and Trypanosoma cruzi in dogs from urban areas of Brazil and Colombia SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leishmania infantum; Trypanosoma cruzi; dog; antibody; indirect immunoflourescent antibody test; Brazil; Colombia ID CANINE VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; NATURALLY-INFECTED-DOGS; CHAGAS-DISEASE; ENDEMIC AREA; AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; RISK-FACTOR; DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION AB Leishmania infantum and Trypanosoma cruzi are zoonotic parasites that are endemic throughout many parts of Latin America. Infected dogs play an important role in transmission of both parasites to humans. A serological survey of Leishmania and Trypanosoma infection was conducted on 365 dogs from Sao Paulo, Brazil and Bogata, Colombia, South America. Serum samples were examined by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Anti-Leishmania IgG antibodies were detected in 5 of 107 from Brazil (4.7%) and in 4 of 258 dogs (1.6%) from Colombia. Titers ranged from 1:25 to 1: 100. Anti-T cruzi antibodies were not detected in any of the dogs from either Brazil or Colombia. The results show a low prevalence of anti-Leishmania antibodies and no antibodies against T cruzi in these canine populations. Our study suggests that dogs play a limited role in the spread of L. infantum and T cruzi in these urban areas of Brazil and Colombia. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathol, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Ainm Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, BR-09500900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Nacl Colombia, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Parasitol Lab, Bogota, Colombia. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathol, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM lindsayd@vt.edu RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016; Rosypal, Alexa/I-7114-2016 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321; FU NIGMS NIH HHS [K12 GM000678-09, K12 GM000678, GM 00678] NR 39 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 149 IS 3-4 BP 172 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.08.004 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 227JW UT WOS:000250654000005 PM 17825991 ER PT J AU Palavicini, P Romero, JJ Dolz, G Jimenez, AE Hill, DE Dubey, JP AF Palavicini, P. Romero, J. J. Dolz, G. Jimenez, A. E. Hill, D. E. Dubey, J. P. TI Fecal and serological survey of Neospora caninum in farm dogs in Costa Rica SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neospora caninum; oocysts; fecal samples; PCR; dogs; Costa Rica ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; IN-VITRO ISOLATION; HAMMONDIA-HAMMONDI; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; DEFINITIVE HOSTS; DAIRY-CATTLE; OOCYSTS; INFECTION; FECES; PCR AB To detect oocysts of Neospora caninum in dog feces and to determine the excretion pattern in dogs from specialized dairy farms in Costa Rica, a total of 265 fecal samples from 34 dogs were collected at intervals from February to August 2005. Fecal samples were examined for N. caninum-like oocysts microscopically, by DNA detection using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and by bioassay. N. caninum DNA was detected by PCR in four fecal samples, twice from one dog, but oocysts were not detected microscopically in these dogs. Sera of 31 of 34 dogs were tested for antibodies to N. caninum by a competitive-inhibition ELISA (VMRD (R)). Fifteen (48.4%) of 31 dogs had antibodies to N. caninum by ELISA. Seroconversion was not found in 28 dogs that were bled twice, 4 months apart (March and July 2005). Only one dog tested positive to N. caninum by both ELISA and PCR. This is the first report of finding N. caninum DNA in feces of naturally infected dogs in Costa Rican dairy farms. Published by Elsevier B.V C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nacl UNA Heredia, Sch Vet Med, Heredia, Costa Rica. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 10 PY 2007 VL 149 IS 3-4 BP 265 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.08.007 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 227JW UT WOS:000250654000018 PM 17868998 ER PT J AU Parameswaran, A Leitenmaier, B Yang, M Kroneck, PMH Welte, W Lutz, G Papoyan, A Kochian, LV Kupper, H AF Parameswaran, Aravind Leitenmaier, Barbara Yang, Mingjie Kroneck, Peter M. H. Welte, Wolfram Lutz, Gabriela Papoyan, Ashot Kochian, Leon V. Kuepper, Hendrik TI A native Zn/Cd pumping P-1B ATPase from natural overexpression in a hyperaccumulator plant SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE cadmium; heavy metals; metal activation; P-1B type ATPase; TcHMA4; zinc ID HEAVY-METAL TRANSPORT; P-TYPE ATPASES; THLASPI-CAERULESCENS; ARABIDOPSIS-HALLERI; GENES; PHYTOREMEDIATION; ENVIRONMENT; EXPRESSION; ZINC AB We report here the first purification of a P-1B type ATPase, a group of transporters that occurs in bacteria, plants and animals incl. humans, from a eukaryotic organism in native state. TcHMA4 is a P-1B type ATPase that is highly expressed in the Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator plant Thlaspi caerulescens and contains a C-terminal 9-histidine repeat. After isolation from roots, we purified TcHMA4 protein via metal affinity chromatography. The purified protein exhibited Cd- and Zn-activated ATPase activity after reconstitution into lipid vesicles, showing that it was in its native state. Gels of crude root extract and of the purified protein revealed TcHMA4-specific bands of about 50 and 60 kDa, respectively, while the TcHMA4 mRNA predicts a single protein with a size of 128 kDa. This indicates the occurrence of post-translational processing; the properties of the two bands were characterised by their activity and binding properties. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Konstanz, Fachbereich Biol, D-78457 Constance, Germany. Fudan Univ, Inst Modern Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ S Bohemia, Fac Biol Sci, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. Univ S Bohemia, Inst Phys Biol, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. RP Kupper, H (reprint author), Univ Konstanz, Fachbereich Biol, D-78457 Constance, Germany. EM hendrik.kuepper@uni-konstanz.de RI Kupper, Hendrik/J-5152-2012; OI Kupper, Hendrik/0000-0003-0712-7023; Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 22 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X EI 1090-2104 J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD NOV 9 PY 2007 VL 363 IS 1 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.bbre.2007.08.105 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 219BR UT WOS:000250060200009 PM 17826738 ER PT J AU Clark, AG Eisen, MB Smith, DR Bergman, CM Oliver, B Markow, TA Kaufman, TC Kellis, M Gelbart, W Iyer, VN Pollard, DA Sackton, TB Larracuente, AM Singh, ND Abad, JP Abt, DN Adryan, B Aguade, M Akashi, H Anderson, WW Aquadro, CF Ardell, DH Arguello, R Artieri, CG Barbash, DA Barker, D Barsanti, P Batterham, P Batzoglou, S Begun, D Bhutkar, A Blanco, E Bosak, SA Bradley, RK Brand, AD Brent, MR Brooks, AN Brown, RH Butlin, RK Caggese, C Calvi, BR de Carvalho, AB Caspi, A Castrezana, S Celniker, SE Chang, JL Chapple, C Chatterji, S Chinwalla, A Civetta, A Clifton, SW Comeron, JM Costello, JC Coyne, JA Daub, J David, RG Delcher, AL Delehaunty, K Do, CB Ebling, H Edwards, K Eickbush, T Evans, JD Filipski, A Findeiss, S Freyhult, E Fulton, L Fulton, R Garcia, ACL Gardiner, A Garfield, DA Garvin, BE Gibson, G Gilbert, D Gnerre, S Godfrey, J Good, R Gotea, V Gravely, B Greenberg, AJ Griffiths-Jones, S Gross, S Guigo, R Gustafson, EA Haerty, W Hahn, MW Halligan, DL Halpern, AL Halter, GM Han, MV Heger, A Hillier, L Hinrichs, AS Holmes, I Hoskins, RA Hubisz, MJ Hultmark, D Huntley, MA Jaffe, DB Jagadeeshan, S Jeck, WR Johnson, J Jones, CD Jordan, WC Karpen, GH Kataoka, E Keightley, PD Kheradpour, P Kirkness, EF Koerich, LB Kristiansen, K Kudrna, D Kulathinal, RJ Kumar, S Kwok, R Lander, E Langley, CH Lapoint, R Lazzaro, BP Lee, SJ Levesque, L Li, RQ Lin, CF Lin, MF Lindblad-Toh, K Llopart, A Long, MY Low, L Lozovsky, E Lu, J Luo, MH Machado, CA Makalowski, W Marzo, M Matsuda, M Matzkin, L McAllister, B McBride, CS McKernan, B McKernan, K Mendez-Lago, M Minx, P Mollenhauer, MU Montooth, K Mount, SM Mu, X Myers, E Negre, B Newfeld, S Nielsen, R Noor, MAF O'Grady, P Pachter, L Papaceit, M Parisi, MJ Parisi, M Parts, L Pedersen, JS Pesole, G Phillippy, AM Ponting, CP Pop, M Porcelli, D Powell, JR Prohaska, S Pruitt, K Puig, M Quesneville, H Ram, KR Rand, D Rasmussen, MD Reed, LK Reenan, R Reily, A Remington, KA Rieger, TT Ritchie, MG Robin, C Rogers, YH Rohde, C Rozas, J Rubenfield, MJ Ruiz, A Russo, S Salzberg, SL Sanchez-Gracia, A Saranga, DJ Sato, H Schaeffer, SW Schatz, MC Schlenke, T Schwartz, R Segarra, C Singh, RS Sirot, L Sirota, M Sisneros, NB Smith, CD Smith, TF Spieth, J Stage, DE Stark, A Stephan, W Strausberg, RL Strempel, S Sturgill, D Sutton, G Sutton, GG Tao, W Teichmann, S Tobari, YN Tomimura, Y Tsolas, JM Valente, VLS Venter, E Venter, JC Vicario, S Vieira, FG Vilella, AJ Villasante, A Walenz, B Wang, J Wasserman, M Watts, T Wilson, D Wilson, RK Wing, RA Wolfner, MF Wong, A Wong, GKS Wu, CI Wu, G Yamamoto, D Yang, HP Yang, SP Yorke, JA Yoshida, K Zdobnov, E Zhang, PL Zhang, Y Zimin, AV Baldwin, J Abdouelleil, A Abdulkadir, J Abebe, A Abera, B Abreu, J Acer, SC Aftuck, L Alexander, A An, P Anderson, E Anderson, S Arachi, H Azer, M Bachantsang, P Barry, A Bayul, T Berlin, A Bessette, D Bloom, T Blye, J Boguslavskiy, L Bonnet, C Boukhgalter, B Bourzgui, I Brown, A Cahill, P Channer, S Cheshatsang, Y Chuda, L Citroen, M Collymore, A Cooke, P Costello, M D'Aco, K Daza, R De Haan, G DeGray, S DeMaso, C Dhargay, N Dooley, K Dooley, E Doricent, M Dorje, P Dorjee, K Dupes, A Elong, R Falk, J Farina, A Faro, S Ferguson, D Fisher, S Foley, CD Franke, A Friedrich, D Gadbois, L Gearin, G Gearin, CR Giannoukos, G Goode, T Graham, J Grandbois, E Grewal, S Gyaltsen, K Hafez, N Hagos, B Hall, J Henson, C Hollinger, A Honan, T Huard, MD Hughes, L Hurhula, B Husby, ME Kamat, A Kanga, B Kashin, S Khazanovich, D Kisner, P Lance, K Lara, M Lee, W Lennon, N Letendre, F LeVine, R Lipovsky, A Liu, XH Liu, JL Liu, ST Lokyitsang, T Lokyitsang, Y Lubonja, R Lui, A MacDonald, P Magnisalis, V Maru, K Matthews, C McCusker, W McDonough, S Mehta, T Meldrim, J Meneus, L Mihai, O Mihalev, A Mihova, T Mittelman, R Mlenga, V Montmayeur, A Mulrain, L Navidi, A Naylor, J Negash, T Nguyen, T Nguyen, N Nicol, R Norbu, C Norbu, N Novod, N O'Neill, B Osman, S Markiewicz, E Oyono, OL Patti, C Phunkhang, P Pierre, F Priest, M Raghuraman, S Rege, F Reyes, R Rise, C Rogov, P Ross, K Ryan, E Settipalli, S Shea, T Sherpa, N Shi, L Shih, D Sparrow, T Spaulding, J Stalker, J Stange-Thomann, N Stavropoulos, S Stone, C Strader, C Tesfaye, S Thomson, T Thoulutsang, Y Thoulutsang, D Topham, K Topping, I Tsamla, T Vassiliev, H Vo, A Wangchuk, T Wangdi, T Weiand, M Wilkinson, J Wilson, A Yadav, S Young, G Yu, Q Zembek, L Zhong, D Zimmer, A Zwirko, Z Jaffe, DB Alvarez, P Brockman, W Butler, J Chin, C Gnerre, S Grabherr, M Kleber, M Mauceli, E MacCallum, I AF Clark, Andrew G. Eisen, Michael B. Smith, Douglas R. Bergman, Casey M. Oliver, Brian Markow, Therese A. Kaufman, Thomas C. Kellis, Manolis Gelbart, William Iyer, Venky N. Pollard, Daniel A. Sackton, Timothy B. Larracuente, Amanda M. Singh, Nadia D. Abad, Jose P. Abt, Dawn N. Adryan, Boris Aguade, Montserrat Akashi, Hiroshi Anderson, Wyatt W. Aquadro, Charles F. Ardell, David H. Arguello, Roman Artieri, Carlo G. Barbash, Daniel A. Barker, Daniel Barsanti, Paolo Batterham, Phil Batzoglou, Serafim Begun, Dave Bhutkar, Arjun Blanco, Enrico Bosak, Stephanie A. Bradley, Robert K. Brand, Adrianne D. Brent, Michael R. Brooks, Angela N. Brown, Randall H. Butlin, Roger K. Caggese, Corrado Calvi, Brian R. de Carvalho, A. Bernardo Caspi, Anat Castrezana, Sergio Celniker, Susan E. Chang, Jean L. Chapple, Charles Chatterji, Sourav Chinwalla, Asif Civetta, Alberto Clifton, Sandra W. Comeron, Josep M. Costello, James C. Coyne, Jerry A. Daub, Jennifer David, Robert G. Delcher, Arthur L. Delehaunty, Kim Do, Chuong B. Ebling, Heather Edwards, Kevin Eickbush, Thomas Evans, Jay D. Filipski, Alan Findeiss, Sven Freyhult, Eva Fulton, Lucinda Fulton, Robert Garcia, Ana C. L. Gardiner, Anastasia Garfield, David A. Garvin, Barry E. Gibson, Greg Gilbert, Don Gnerre, Sante Godfrey, Jennifer Good, Robert Gotea, Valer Gravely, Brenton Greenberg, Anthony J. Griffiths-Jones, Sam Gross, Samuel Guigo, Roderic Gustafson, Erik A. Haerty, Wilfried Hahn, Matthew W. Halligan, Daniel L. Halpern, Aaron L. Halter, Gillian M. Han, Mira V. Heger, Andreas Hillier, LaDeana Hinrichs, Angie S. Holmes, Ian Hoskins, Roger A. Hubisz, Melissa J. Hultmark, Dan Huntley, Melanie A. Jaffe, David B. Jagadeeshan, Santosh Jeck, William R. Johnson, Justin Jones, Corbin D. Jordan, William C. Karpen, Gary H. Kataoka, Eiko Keightley, Peter D. Kheradpour, Pouya Kirkness, Ewen F. Koerich, Leonardo B. Kristiansen, Karsten Kudrna, Dave Kulathinal, Rob J. Kumar, Sudhir Kwok, Roberta Lander, Eric Langley, Charles H. Lapoint, Richard Lazzaro, Brian P. Lee, So-Jeong Levesque, Lisa Li, Ruiqiang Lin, Chiao-Feng Lin, Michael F. Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin Llopart, Ana Long, Manyuan Low, Lloyd Lozovsky, Elena Lu, Jian Luo, Meizhong Machado, Carlos A. Makalowski, Wojciech Marzo, Mar Matsuda, Muneo Matzkin, Luciano McAllister, Bryant McBride, Carolyn S. McKernan, Brendan McKernan, Kevin Mendez-Lago, Maria Minx, Patrick Mollenhauer, Michael U. Montooth, Kristi Mount, Stephen M. Mu, Xu Myers, Eugene Negre, Barbara Newfeld, Stuart Nielsen, Rasmus Noor, Mohamed A. F. O'Grady, Patrick Pachter, Lior Papaceit, Montserrat Parisi, Matthew J. Parisi, Michael Parts, Leopold Pedersen, Jakob S. Pesole, Graziano Phillippy, Adam M. Ponting, Chris P. Pop, Mihai Porcelli, Damiano Powell, Jeffrey R. Prohaska, Sonja Pruitt, Kim Puig, Marta Quesneville, Hadi Ram, Kristipati Ravi Rand, David Rasmussen, Matthew D. Reed, Laura K. Reenan, Robert Reily, Amy Remington, Karin A. Rieger, Tania T. Ritchie, Michael G. Robin, Charles Rogers, Yu-Hui Rohde, Claudia Rozas, Julio Rubenfield, Marc J. Ruiz, Alfredo Russo, Susan Salzberg, Steven L. Sanchez-Gracia, Alejandro Saranga, David J. Sato, Hajime Schaeffer, Stephen W. Schatz, Michael C. Schlenke, Todd Schwartz, Russell Segarra, Carmen Singh, Rama S. Sirot, Laura Sirota, Marina Sisneros, Nicholas B. Smith, Chris D. Smith, Temple F. Spieth, John Stage, Deborah E. Stark, Alexander Stephan, Wolfgang Strausberg, Robert L. Strempel, Sebastian Sturgill, David Sutton, Granger Sutton, Granger G. Tao, Wei Teichmann, Sarah Tobari, Yoshiko N. Tomimura, Yoshihiko Tsolas, Jason M. Valente, Vera L. S. Venter, Eli Venter, J. Craig Vicario, Saverio Vieira, Filipe G. Vilella, Albert J. Villasante, Alfredo Walenz, Brian Wang, Jun Wasserman, Marvin Watts, Thomas Wilson, Derek Wilson, Richard K. Wing, Rod A. Wolfner, Mariana F. Wong, Alex Wong, Gane Ka-Shu Wu, Chung-I Wu, Gabriel Yamamoto, Daisuke Yang, Hsiao-Pei Yang, Shiaw-Pyng Yorke, James A. Yoshida, Kiyohito Zdobnov, Evgeny Zhang, Peili Zhang, Yu Zimin, Aleksey V. Baldwin, Jennifer Abdouelleil, Amr Abdulkadir, Jamal Abebe, Adal Abera, Brikti Abreu, Justin Acer, St Christophe Aftuck, Lynne Alexander, Allen An, Peter Anderson, Erica Anderson, Scott Arachi, Harindra Azer, Marc Bachantsang, Pasang Barry, Andrew Bayul, Tashi Berlin, Aaron Bessette, Daniel Bloom, Toby Blye, Jason Boguslavskiy, Leonid Bonnet, Claude Boukhgalter, Boris Bourzgui, Imane Brown, Adam Cahill, Patrick Channer, Sheridon Cheshatsang, Yama Chuda, Lisa Citroen, Mieke Collymore, Alville Cooke, Patrick Costello, Maura D'Aco, Katie Daza, Riza De Haan, Georgius DeGray, Stuart DeMaso, Christina Dhargay, Norbu Dooley, Kimberly Dooley, Erin Doricent, Missole Dorje, Passang Dorjee, Kunsang Dupes, Alan Elong, Richard Falk, Jill Farina, Abderrahim Faro, Susan Ferguson, Diallo Fisher, Sheila Foley, Chelsea D. Franke, Alicia Friedrich, Dennis Gadbois, Loryn Gearin, Gary Gearin, Christina R. Giannoukos, Georgia Goode, Tina Graham, Joseph Grandbois, Edward Grewal, Sharleen Gyaltsen, Kunsang Hafez, Nabil Hagos, Birhane Hall, Jennifer Henson, Charlotte Hollinger, Andrew Honan, Tracey Huard, Monika D. Hughes, Leanne Hurhula, Brian Husby, M. Erii Kamat, Asha Kanga, Ben Kashin, Seva Khazanovich, Dmitry Kisner, Peter Lance, Krista Lara, Marcia Lee, William Lennon, Niall Letendre, Frances LeVine, Rosie Lipovsky, Alex Liu, Xiaohong Liu, Jinlei Liu, Shangtao Lokyitsang, Tashi Lokyitsang, Yeshi Lubonja, Rakela Lui, Annie MacDonald, Pen Magnisalis, Vasilia Maru, Kebede Matthews, Charles McCusker, William McDonough, Susan Mehta, Teena Meldrim, James Meneus, Louis Mihai, Oana Mihalev, Atanas Mihova, Tanya Mittelman, Rachel Mlenga, Valentine Montmayeur, Anna Mulrain, Leonidas Navidi, Adam Naylor, Jerome Negash, Tamrat Nguyen, Thu Nguyen, Nga Nicol, Robert Norbu, Choe Norbu, Nyima Novod, Nathaniel O'Neill, Barry Osman, Sahal Markiewicz, Eva Oyono, Otero L. Patti, Christopher Phunkhang, Pema Pierre, Fritz Priest, Margaret Raghuraman, Sujaa Rege, Filip Reyes, Rebecca Rise, Cecil Rogov, Peter Ross, Keenan Ryan, Elizabeth Settipalli, Sampath Shea, Terry Sherpa, Ngawang Shi, Lu Shih, Diana Sparrow, Todd Spaulding, Jessica Stalker, John Stange-Thomann, Nicole Stavropoulos, Sharon Stone, Catherine Strader, Christopher Tesfaye, Senait Thomson, Talene Thoulutsang, Yama Thoulutsang, Dawa Topham, Kerri Topping, Ira Tsamla, Tsamla Vassiliev, Helen Vo, Andy Wangchuk, Tsering Wangdi, Tsering Weiand, Michael Wilkinson, Jane Wilson, Adam Yadav, Shailendra Young, Geneva Yu, Qing Zembek, Lisa Zhong, Danni Zimmer, Andrew Zwirko, Zac Jaffe, David B. Alvarez, Pablo Brockman, Will Butler, Jonathan Chin, CheeWhye Gnerre, Sante Grabherr, Manfred Kleber, Michael Mauceli, Evan MacCallum, Iain CA Drosophila 12 Genomes Consor Broad Inst Genome Sequencing Broad Inst Whole Genome Ass TI Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTION; SYNONYMOUS CODON USAGE; ADAPTIVE PROTEIN EVOLUTION; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MELANOGASTER GENOME; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; NATURAL-SELECTION; NONCODING DNA; FRUIT-FLY; DOSAGE COMPENSATION AB Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Ctr Integrat Genom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Agencourt Biosci Corp, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. Univ Manchester, Fac Life Sci, Manchester M13 9PT, Lancs, England. NIH, Cellular & Dev Biol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Cellular & Mol Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Biol Labs, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cornell Univ, Field Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Ctr Biol Mol Severo Ochoa, Madrid 28049, Spain. Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. MRC, Mol Biol Lab, Struct Studies Div, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England. Univ Barcelona, Dept Genet, Barcelona 08071, Spain. Uppsala Univ, Linnaeus Ctr Bioinformat, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. Univ St Andrews, Sch Biol, St Andrews KY16 9TH, Fife, Scotland. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Genet & Microbiol, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Melbourne, Dept Genet, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Stanford Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Boston Univ, BioMol Engn Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Pompeu Fabra, Inst Municipal Invest Med, Res Grp Biomed Informat, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Washington Univ, Lab Computat Genom, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. Univ Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Genet, BR-21944970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Tucson Stock Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Genome Sequencing Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. Univ Winnipeg, Dept Biol, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. Univ Iowa, Dept Biol Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Informat, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. Univ Maryland, Ctr Bioinformat & Computat Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Illinois State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Normal, IL 61790 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Biol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Evolutionary Funct Genom, Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Leipzig, Dept Comp Sci, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany. Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Genet, BR-68011 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Ctr Genom Regulat, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland. J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Oxford, MRC, Funct Genet Unit, Oxford OX1 3QX, England. Univ Oxford, Dept Physiol Anat & Genet, Oxford OX1 3QX, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Human Genet, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Umea Univ, Umea Ctr Mol Pathogenesis, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Carolina Ctr Genome Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome & Computat Biol, Drosophila Heterochromatin Genome Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Kyorin Univ, Sch Med, Tokyo 1818611, Japan. Univ So Denmark, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Arizona Genom Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Beijing Genom Inst ShenZhen, ShenZhen 518083, Peoples R China. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Genet & Microbiol, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. Univ Maryland, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Ashburn, VA 20147 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. Univ Copenhagen, Inst Biol, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Univ Copenhagen, Dept Mol Biol, Bioinformat Ctr, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Biochim & Biol Mol, I-70126 Bari, Italy. CNR, Ist Tecnol Biomed, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. Inst Jacques Monod, Bioinformat & Genom Lab, F-75251 Paris, France. Brown Univ, Dept Mol Biol Cell Biol & Biochem, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Fed Pernambuco, Ctr Ciencias Biol, Dept Genet, BR-68011 Recife, PE, Brazil. Univ Fed Pernambuco, Ctr Acad Vitoria, Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, Brazil. CSIC, Inst Cajal, E-28002 Madrid, Spain. Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Univ Munich, Dept Biol, D-82152 Planegg Martinsried, Germany. Inst Evolutionary Biol, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1580098, Japan. Shiba Gakuen, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1050011, Japan. European Bioinformat Inst, Hinxton CB10 1SD, England. CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Biol, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Med, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. Tohoku Univ, Dept Dev Biol & Neurosci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Hokkaido Univ, EESBIO, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Univ Geneva, Fac Med, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Clark, AG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ac347@cornell.edu; mbeisen@lbl.gov; douglas.smith@agencourt.com; gelbart@morgan.harvard.edu; oliver@helix.nih.gov; tmarkow@public.arl.arizona.edu; kaufman@indiana.edu; manoli@mit.edu; venky@berkeley.edu; danielapollard@alum.bowdoin.edu; tbs7@cornell.edu; aml69@cornell.edu; nds25@cornell.edu RI Wang, Jun/B-9503-2016; Wong, Gane/A-3771-2014; Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; Pesole, Graziano/E-9051-2014; Griffiths-Jones, Sam/H-2998-2014; Koerich, Leonardo/J-7004-2014; Robin, Charles/F-7786-2010; vicario, saverio/C-4427-2015; Guigo, Roderic/D-1303-2010; Garrett Vieira, Filipe/B-9464-2015; Wong, Gane Ka-Shu/G-5784-2013; Kumar, Sudhir/F-1411-2011; Bergman, Casey/F-7854-2010; Schwartz, Russell/A-1998-2016; Hultmark, Dan/C-5058-2013; Kristiansen, Karsten/J-5148-2014; Wang, Jun/C-8434-2016; Puig, Marta/F-7885-2016; Makalowski, Wojciech/I-2843-2016; Pedersen, Jakob/G-3382-2012; Pop, Mihai/A-7987-2013; Sanchez-Gracia, Alejandro/F-4686-2014; Batterham, Philip/G-5914-2012; Comeron, Josep/G-6630-2012; Pesole, Graziano/C-1408-2009; Zdobnov, Evgeny/K-1133-2012; Barker, David/A-5671-2013; Matzkin, Luciano/B-3168-2013; Graveley, Brenton/C-3108-2013; Negre, Barbara/F-2540-2013; Butlin, Roger/F-7709-2013; Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011; Carvalho, A. Bernardo/D-5402-2013; Ritchie, Michael/F-7055-2013; Valente, Vera/N-9031-2013; McAllister, Bryant/A-3015-2008; Brooks, Angela/B-6173-2011; Schaeffer, Stephen/B-1662-2010; Vilella, Albert/A-8586-2008; Ritchie, Michael/B-7714-2008; Koerich, Leonardo/B-8554-2008; Nielsen, Rasmus/D-4405-2009; Phelps, Steve/H-2263-2011; Halligan, Daniel/H-4459-2011; Stark, Alexander/D-1473-2012; Rozas, Julio/A-1733-2009; Machado, Carlos/B-8855-2009; Pedersen, Jakob/C-4985-2009; Han, Mira/A-1808-2011; OI Schaeffer, Stephen/0000-0003-2070-5342; Teichmann, Sarah/0000-0002-6294-6366; Bradley, Robert/0000-0002-8046-1063; Salzberg, Steven/0000-0002-8859-7432; Vilella, Albert/0000-0002-2005-2516; Montmayeur, Anna/0000-0002-8132-1716; Gotea, Valer/0000-0001-7857-3309; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-2113-5874; Ravi Ram, Kristipati/0000-0002-7285-0077; Eisen, Michael/0000-0002-7528-738X; Holmes, Ian/0000-0001-7639-5369; Hinrichs, Angie/0000-0002-1697-1130; Noor, Mohamed/0000-0002-5400-4408; Ponting, Chris/0000-0003-0202-7816; Wing, Rod/0000-0001-6633-6226; Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; Pesole, Graziano/0000-0003-3663-0859; Griffiths-Jones, Sam/0000-0001-6043-807X; Robin, Charles/0000-0002-7733-6763; vicario, saverio/0000-0003-1140-0483; Guigo, Roderic/0000-0002-5738-4477; Garrett Vieira, Filipe/0000-0002-8464-7770; Wong, Gane Ka-Shu/0000-0001-6108-5560; Bergman, Casey/0000-0002-5462-9854; Schwartz, Russell/0000-0002-4970-2252; Hultmark, Dan/0000-0002-6506-5855; Kristiansen, Karsten/0000-0002-6024-0917; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-8540-8931; Puig, Marta/0000-0002-4439-6372; Pedersen, Jakob/0000-0002-7236-4001; Pop, Mihai/0000-0001-9617-5304; Sanchez-Gracia, Alejandro/0000-0003-4543-4577; Mount, Steve/0000-0003-2748-8205; Sackton, Timothy/0000-0003-1673-9216; McKernan, Kevin/0000-0002-3908-1122; Schatz, Michael/0000-0002-4118-4446; Adryan, Boris/0000-0003-4588-7867; Batterham, Philip/0000-0001-9840-9119; Pesole, Graziano/0000-0003-3663-0859; Negre, Barbara/0000-0002-7333-3979; Butlin, Roger/0000-0003-4736-0954; Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180; Carvalho, A. Bernardo/0000-0001-8959-6469; Ritchie, Michael/0000-0001-7913-8675; Koerich, Leonardo/0000-0002-5668-3934; Nielsen, Rasmus/0000-0003-0513-6591; Stark, Alexander/0000-0003-2611-0841; Rozas, Julio/0000-0002-6839-9148; Machado, Carlos/0000-0003-1546-7415; Segarra, Carmen/0000-0002-3201-5405; Heger, Andreas/0000-0001-7720-0447; Haerty, Wilfried/0000-0003-0111-191X NR 151 TC 957 Z9 2997 U1 34 U2 309 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 8 PY 2007 VL 450 IS 7167 BP 203 EP 218 DI 10.1038/nature06341 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 228RC UT WOS:000250746200042 ER PT J AU Gotzek, D Shoemaker, DD Ross, KG AF Gotzek, Dietrich Shoemaker, D. DeWayne Ross, Kenneth G. TI Molecular Variation at a Candidate Gene Implicated in the Regulation of Fire Ant Social Behavior SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB The fire ant Solenopsis invicta and its close relatives display an important social polymorphism involving differences in colony queen number. Colonies are headed by either a single reproductive queen (monogyne form) or multiple queens (polygyne form). This variation in social organization is associated with variation at the gene Gp-9, with monogyne colonies harboring only B-like allelic variants and polygyne colonies always containing b-like variants as well. We describe naturally occurring variation at Gp-9 in fire ants based on 185 full-length sequences, 136 of which were obtained from S. invicta collected over much of its native range. While there is little overall differentiation between most of the numerous alleles observed, a surprising amount is found in the coding regions of the gene, with such substitutions usually causing amino acid replacements. This elevated coding-region variation may result from a lack of negative selection acting to constrain amino acid replacements over much of the protein, different mutation rates or biases in coding and non-coding sequences, negative selection acting with greater strength on non-coding than coding regions, and/or positive selection acting on the protein. Formal selection analyses provide evidence that the latter force played an important role in the basal b-like lineages coincident with the emergence of polygyny. While our data set reveals considerable paraphyly and polyphyly of S. invicta sequences with respect to those of other fire ant species, the b-like alleles of the socially polymorphic species are monophyletic. An expanded analysis of colonies containing alleles of this clade confirmed the invariant link between their presence and expression of polygyny. Finally, our discovery of several unique alleles bearing various combinations of b-like and B-like codons allows us to conclude that no single b-like residue is completely predictive of polygyne behavior and, thus, potentially causally involved in its expression. Rather, all three typical b-like residues appear to be necessary. C1 [Ross, Kenneth G.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gotzek, Dietrich] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Shoemaker, D. DeWayne] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Ross, KG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM kenross@uga.edu FU Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations (University of Georgia); United States Department of Agriculture FX Partial funding for this research came from the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations (University of Georgia) and grants from the United States Department of Agriculture to DDS and KGR. NR 92 TC 13 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 7 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 11 AR e1088 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0001088 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10IZ UT WOS:000207459000001 PM 17987107 ER PT J AU Letcher, BH Nislow, KH Coombs, JA O'Donnell, MJ Dubreuil, TL AF Letcher, Benjamin H. Nislow, Keith H. Coombs, Jason A. O'Donnell, Matthew J. Dubreuil, Todd L. TI Population Response to Habitat Fragmentation in a Stream-Dwelling Brook Trout Population SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Fragmentation can strongly influence population persistence and expression of life-history strategies in spatially-structured populations. In this study, we directly estimated size-specific dispersal, growth, and survival of stream-dwelling brook trout in a stream network with connected and naturally-isolated tributaries. We used multiple-generation, individual-based data to develop and parameterize a size-class and location-based population projection model, allowing us to test effects of fragmentation on population dynamics at local (i.e., subpopulation) and system-wide (i.e., metapopulation) scales, and to identify demographic rates which influence the persistence of isolated and fragmented populations. In the naturally-isolated tributary, persistence was associated with higher early juvenile survival (similar to 45% greater), shorter generation time (one-half) and strong selection against large body size compared to the open system, resulting in a stage-distribution skewed towards younger, smaller fish. Simulating barriers to upstream migration into two currently-connected tributary populations caused rapid (2-6 generations) local extinction. These local extinctions in turn increased the likelihood of system-wide extinction, as tributaries could no longer function as population sources. Extinction could be prevented in the open system if sufficient immigrants from downstream areas were available, but the influx of individuals necessary to counteract fragmentation effects was high (7-46% of the total population annually). In the absence of sufficient immigration, a demographic change (higher early survival characteristic of the isolated tributary) was also sufficient to rescue the population from fragmentation, suggesting that the observed differences in size distributions between the naturally-isolated and open system may reflect an evolutionary response to isolation. Combined with strong genetic divergence between the isolated tributary and open system, these results suggest that local adaptation can 'rescue' isolated populations, particularly in one-dimensional stream networks where both natural and anthropogenically-mediated isolation is common. However, whether rescue will occur before extinction depends critically on the race between adaptation and reduced survival in response to fragmentation. C1 [Letcher, Benjamin H.; Coombs, Jason A.; O'Donnell, Matthew J.; Dubreuil, Todd L.] US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. [Coombs, Jason A.] Univ Massachusetts, Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Nislow, Keith H.] Univ Massachusetts, No Res Stn, USDA, US Forest Serv, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Letcher, BH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. EM ben_letcher@usgs.gov FU USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center; US Forest Service; Northeastern Research Station; USGS Eastern Region; Nature Conservancy, Connecticut River Program FX This work was funded by USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, the US Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, USGS Eastern Region, and The Nature Conservancy, Connecticut River Program. Funders were not involved in any details of the study. The manuscript was approved by USGS. NR 45 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 32 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 7 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 11 AR e1139 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0001139 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10IZ UT WOS:000207459000023 PM 18188404 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Palmer, MV Nonnecke, BJ Thacker, TC Scherer, CFC Estes, DM Jacobs, WR Glatman-Freedman, A Larsen, MH AF Waters, W. Ray Palmer, Mitchell V. Nonnecke, Brian J. Thacker, Tyler C. Scherer, Charles F. Capinos Estes, D. Mark Jacobs, William R., Jr. Glatman-Freedman, Aharona Larsen, Michelle H. TI Failure of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Delta RD1 Delta panCD double deletion mutant in a neonatal calf aerosol M. bovis challenge model: Comparisons to responses elicited by M. bovis bacille Calmette Guerin SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; live bacterial vaccine; auxotroph; BCG; neonatal calf; aerosol inoculation; FoxP3 ID REGULATORY T-CELLS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; TYPE-2 RESPONSES; EXPRESSION; PROTECTION; CATTLE; BCG; VACCINATION; DISEASE; CALVES AB An attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis RD1 knockout and pantothenate auxotroph (mc(2)6030) vaccine administered at 2 weeks of age failed to protect calves from low dose, aerosol M. bovis challenge at 2.5 months of age. In contrast, M. bovis bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG)-vaccinates had reduced tuberculosis-associated pathology as compared to non- and mc(2)6030-vaccinates. Mycobacterial colonization was not impacted by vaccination. Positive prognostic indicators associated with reduced pathology in the BCG-vaccinated group were decreased antigen induced IFN-gamma, iNOS, IL-4, and MIP 1-alpha responses, increased antigen induced FoxP3 expression, and a diminished activation phenotype (i.e., down arrow CD25+ and CD44+ cells and up arrow CD62L+ cells) in mycobacterial-stimulated mononuclear cell cultures. The calf sensitization and challenge model provides an informative screen for candidate tuberculosis vaccines before their evaluation in costly non-human, primates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, TB Res Project, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, Dept Pediat, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), ARS, TB Res Project, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM ray.waters@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 7 PY 2007 VL 25 IS 45 BP 7832 EP 7840 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.08.029 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 233PU UT WOS:000251103600015 PM 17931755 ER PT J AU Schnupf, U Willett, JL Bosma, WB Mornany, FA AF Schnupf, Udo Willett, J. L. Bosma, Wayne B. Mornany, Frank A. TI DFT studies of the disaccharide, alpha-maltose: relaxed isopotential maps SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE disaccharide; maltose; density functional; basis set; conformation; isopotential relaxed maps ID BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE; B3LYP/6-311++G-ASTERISK-ASTERISK LEVEL; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; ENERGY SURFACES; GEOMETRY-OPTIMIZATION; FORCE-FIELD; CELLOBIOSE; INITIO; B3LYP/6-311++G; HYDRATION AB The disaccharide, alpha-maltose, forms the molecular basis for the analysis of the structure of starch, and determining the conformational energy landscape as the molecule oscillates around the glycosidic bonds is of importance. Thus, it is of interest to determine, using density functionals and a medium size basis set, a relaxed isopotential contour map plotted as a function of the phi(H) and psi(H) dihedral angles. The technical aspects include the method of choosing the starting conformations, the choice of scanning step size, the method of constraining the specific dihedral angles, and the fitting of data to obtain well defined contour maps. Maps were calculated at the B3LYP/6-31+G* level of theory in 5 degrees intervals around the (phi(H), psi(H)) = (0 degrees, 0 degrees) position, out to similar to+/-30 degrees or greater, for gg-gg'-c, gg-gg'-r, gt-gt'-c, gt-gt'-r, tg-tg'-c, and tg-tg'-r conformers, as well as one-split gg(c)-gg'(r) conformer. The results show that the preferred conformation of a-maltose in vacuo depends strongly upon the hydroxyl group orientations ('c'/'r'), but the energy landscape moving away from the minimum-energy position is generally shallow and transitions between conformational positions can occur without the addition of significant energy. Mapped deviations of selected parameters such as the dipole moment; the C1-O1-C4', H1-C1-O1, and H4'-C4'-O1 bond angles; and deviations in hydroxymethyl rotamers, O5-C5-C6-O6, O5'-C5'-C6'-O6', C5-C6-O6-H, and C5'-C6'-O6'-H', are presented. These allow visualization of the structural and energetic changes that occur upon rotation about the glycosidic bonds. Interactions across the bridge are visualized by deviations in H(O2)center dot center dot center dot O3', H(O3')center dot center dot center dot O2, and H1 center dot center dot center dot H4' distances and the H(O2)-O2-C2-C1 and H'(O3')-O3'-C3'-C4'hydroxyl dihedral angles. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Bradley Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. RP Mornany, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1905 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM frank.momany@ars.usda.gov RI Schnupf, Udo/H-4703-2016 OI Schnupf, Udo/0000-0002-1457-1985 NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD NOV 5 PY 2007 VL 342 IS 15 BP 2270 EP 2285 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2007.06.026 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 216DS UT WOS:000249859000014 PM 17669381 ER PT J AU Barone, JR Dangaran, KI Schmidt, WF AF Barone, Justin R. Dangaran, Kirsten I. Schmidt, Walter F. TI Protein-transition metal ion networks SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE proteins; metal-polymer complexes; mechanical properties; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ID WHEAT GLUTEN FILMS; CARBOXYMETHYLATED FEATHER KERATINS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PLASTICIZERS AB Proteins obtained from agricultural sources were blended with divalent metal ions to see if binding reactions occurred between protein chains. Feather keratin, egg albumin, and wheat gluten showed elastic modulus increases of 2-3 times with addition of divalent transition metal ions Cu2+ and Zn2+. Increasing concentrations of ions resulted in increased stiffness. Birefringence experiments performed concurrently with tensile experiments showed refractive index changes indicative of network formation. Binding divalent alkaline earth metal Ca2+ ions did not result in an elastic modulus increase. Addition of Zn2+ to egg albumin resulted in a 34% decrease in water permeability but no change in oxygen permeability. FTIR spectroscopy showed that the directed valence of the transition metals was primarily binding glycerol and amide sites on the protein and secondarily carbonyl sites on the protein. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Virginia Tech, Biol Syst Engn Dept, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Environm Management & By Prod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Barone, JR (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Biol Syst Engn Dept, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jbarone@vt.edu RI Dangaran, Kirsten/A-7947-2013 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD NOV 5 PY 2007 VL 106 IS 3 BP 1518 EP 1525 DI 10.1002/app.26654 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 208IC UT WOS:000249312000010 ER PT J AU Mohamed, A Gordon, SH Biresaw, G AF Mohamed, Abdellatif Gordon, Sherald H. Biresaw, Girma TI Poly(lactic acid)/polystyrene bioblends characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bioblends; poly(lactic acid); polystyrene; TGA; DSC; FTIR-PAS; n-pi bond interaction; kinetics ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INTERFACIAL-TENSION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; TRIBUTYL CITRATE; BLENDS; ACID); PLASTICIZERS; POLYLACTIDE; MISCIBILITY; POLYMERS AB Bioblends are composites of at least one biodegradable polymer with nonbiodegradable polymer. Successful development of bioblends requires that the biodegradable polymers be compatible with other component polymers. Compatibility can be assessed by evaluating the intermolecular interactions between the component polymers. In this work, the interaction in binary bioblends comprising biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polystyrene (PS) was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS). The TGA studies indicated that incorporation of PLA in PS resulted in thermal destabilization of PS. The DSC studies showed that some parameters favored partial miscibility of PS in PLA, while others favored immiscibility,such as the existence of two glass transitions. The FTIR-PAS spectra revealed the presence of intermolecular n-pi interactions between PLA and PS and indicated that the degree of interaction was dependent on the concentrations of the polymers in the bioblends. FTIR-PAS results computed via differential spectral deconvolution were consistent with, and therefore support, the results of TGA and DSC analyses of PLA/PS bioblends. The degradation kinetics, used to determine the degradation mechanism, revealed a two- or threestep mechanism. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cerleal Prod & Food Sci Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Mohamed, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cerleal Prod & Food Sci Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM mohameda@ncaur.usda.gov NR 47 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD NOV 5 PY 2007 VL 106 IS 3 BP 1689 EP 1696 DI 10.1002/app.26783 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 208IC UT WOS:000249312000032 ER PT J AU Lee, KH Li, ZQ Wong, MS Xin, JY Wang, YS Hao, WM Zhao, FS AF Lee, Kwon Ho Li, Zhanqing Wong, Man Sing Xin, Jinyuan Wang, Yuesi Hao, Wei-Min Zhao, Fengsheng TI Aerosol single scattering albedo estimated across China from a combination of ground and satellite measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; BLACK CARBON AEROSOLS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PHASE FUNCTION; AERONET SUN; ACE-ASIA; ABSORPTION; RETRIEVAL; ATMOSPHERE AB Single scattering albedo (SSA) governs the strength of aerosols in absorbing solar radiation, but few methods are available to directly measure this important quantity. There currently exist many ground-based measurements of spectral transmittance from which aerosol optical thickness ( AOT) are retrieved under clear sky conditions. Reflected radiances at the top of the atmosphere as measured by a spaceborne spectroradiometer are sensitive to both AOT and SSA. On the basis of extensive radiative transfer simulations, it is demonstrated that the combined use of the two measurements allows for the retrieval of SSA at a reasonable accuracy under moderate to heavy aerosol loadings. Retrieval of SSA is most sensitive to AOT and surface reflectance. The accuracy of SSA retrievals increases with aerosol loading. The uncertainties in SSA retrievals are 0.02 similar to 0.03 for AOT = 1.0 and 0.03 similar to 0.05 for AOT = 0.5 at 0.47 mm. The proposed retrieval method is applied to 1 a worth of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Level- 1 calibrated reflected radiances matched with surface spectral transmittances acquired at 24 stations of the Chinese Sun Hazemeter Network established under the auspices of the East Asian Study of Tropospheric Aerosols: An International Regional Experiment (EAST-AIRE). Measurements made under high-turbidity conditions (AOT > 0.4) were used. All the stations are located in relatively remote and thus spatially representative locations. From the retrieved values, the first gross map of SSA across China is generated. The retrieved SSA values were compared with those retrieved independently from AERONET sites in China. The root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) is on the order of 0.03, and the mean difference is similar to 0.02. The nationwide means of AOT, Angstrorm exponent, and SSA (at 0.5 mm) in 2005 are 0.69 +/- 0.17, 1.06 +/- 0.26, and 0.89 +/- 0.04, respectively. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. USDA, Fire Sci Res Lab, Forestry Serv, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Lee, KH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Wang, ZF/D-7202-2012; 辛, 金元/F-7310-2012; Wong, Man Sing/A-2718-2014; Li, Zhanqing/F-4424-2010; OI Wang, ZF/0000-0002-7062-6012; 辛, 金元/0000-0003-4243-5072; Wong, Man Sing/0000-0002-6439-6775; Li, Zhanqing/0000-0001-6737-382X; Lee, Kwon-Ho/0000-0002-0844-5245 NR 53 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 3 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D22 AR D22S15 DI 10.1029/2007JD009077 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 228CV UT WOS:000250705600002 ER PT J AU Kerr, JB Davis, JM AF Kerr, James B. Davis, John M. TI New methodology applied to deriving total ozone and other atmospheric variables from global irradiance spectra SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; SOLAR IRRADIANCE; UV MEASUREMENTS; UNITED-STATES; BREWER; SPECTRORADIOMETER; MULTICHANNEL; INSTRUMENTS AB A new sampling and analysis method for acquiring low-noise spectra using the Brewer spectrophotometer is applied to ground-based spectral measurements of global ultraviolet radiation. The new technique substantially reduces noise caused by changing atmospheric conditions that can occur during the sampling period. Routine measurements made at Toronto between 1996 and 2006 were used to develop a statistical model for determining total ozone and other variables from the global spectral data. Long-term comparison of global measurements with direct measurements demonstrates that global scan data can be used to measure total ozone with an accuracy better than +/- 1% for a wide variety of total ozone amounts and vertical profiles under clear skies. Other information such as ozone temperature and instrument wavelength stability can also be extracted. The measurements compared with model results show good agreement for clear-sky conditions. The results indicate that atmospheric aerosols and clouds can enhance absorption of UV radiation by ozone. For aerosol optical depth of one, the absorption enhancement is about 2.0% at air mass value of 1 and drops to 0.5% enhancement for air mass values between 2 and 3. For clouds the enhancement is generally small in winter months but can be substantial in summer months. The statistical relationship used for measuring total ozone using spectral global irradiance data is given. Comparisons of total ozone and ozone temperature derived from global scans with those from direct Sun scans are shown, and the effects of aerosols and clouds on derived total ozone from global data are discussed. C1 Environm Canada, Cowichan Bay, BC V0R 1N2, Canada. Colorado State Univ, Ultraviolet Radiat Monitoring & Res Program, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kerr, JB (reprint author), Environm Canada, 4396 Kingscote Rd, Cowichan Bay, BC V0R 1N2, Canada. EM jbkerr@shaw.ca NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 2 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D21 AR D21301 DI 10.1029/2007JD008708 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 228CP UT WOS:000250705000002 ER PT J AU Ruppenicker, GF Sawhney, APS Kimmel, LB Price, JB AF Ruppenicker, George F. Sawhney, A. Paul S. Kimmel, Linda B. Price, John B. TI Influence of cotton fiber quality on the strength properties of cotton fabrics treated with flame-resistant and easy-care finishes SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE battledress; cotton; durable press; fiber quality; finishing; flame resistance; strength ID TEXTILES; ACID AB Many cotton fabrics treated with modern flame-resistant and easy-care finishes cannot meet the high performance standards required by the military, and are being replaced by fabrics made from synthetic fibers or blends of cotton with synthetic fibers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cotton fiber properties on the strength and durability of an Army battledress uniform fabric. Cottons differing by as much as 60% in fiber strength were evaluated. Fabrics produced from these cottons were treated with flame-resistant (FR) and easy-care finishes and tested. C1 [Ruppenicker, George F.; Sawhney, A. Paul S.; Kimmel, Linda B.; Price, John B.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Sawhney, APS (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM apsingh@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 7 IS 11 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 268CI UT WOS:000253555100006 ER PT J AU Sauer, TJ Cambardella, CA Brandle, JR AF Sauer, Thomas J. Cambardella, Cynthia A. Brandle, James R. TI Soil carbon and tree litter dynamics in a red cedar-scotch pine shelterbelt SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE soil organic carbon; tree litter; shelterbelt; red cedar; scotch pine ID ORGANIC-MATTER; SEQUESTRATION; DECOMPOSITION; AFFORESTATION; FOREST; TILLAGE; IMPACTS; EROSION; RATES AB Carbon sequestration in the woody biomass of shelterbelts has been investigated but there have been no measurements of the C stocks in soil and tree litter under this agroforestry practice. The objective of this study was to quantify C stored in surface soil layers and tree litter within and adjacent to a 35-year-old shelterbelt in eastern Nebraska, USA. The 2-row shelterbelt was composed of eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) and scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris). A sampling grid was established across a section of the shelterbelt on Tomek silt loam (fine, smectitic, mesic Pachic Argiudolls). Four soil cores were collected at each grid point, divided into 0-7.5 and 7.5-15 cm depth increments, and composited by depth. Soil samples were analyzed for total, organic, and inorganic C, total N, texture, pH, and nutrient content. Under the shelterbelt, all surface litter in a 0.5 x 0.5 m(2)supercript stop area at each grid point was collected prior to soil sampling, dried, weighed, sorted, and analyzed for total C and N. Average soil organic carbon (SOC) in the 0-15 cm layer within the shelterbelt (3,994 g m-(2)) was significantly greater than in the cultivated fields (3,623 g m(-2)). The tree litter contained an additional similar to 1,300 g C m(-2). Patterns of litter mass and soil pH and texture suggested increased organic inputs by tree litter and deposition of wind-blown sediment may be responsible for greater SOC beneath the shelterbelt. Further research is needed to identify the mechanism(s) responsible for the observed patterns of SOC within and adjacent to the shelterbelt and to quantify the C in biomass and deeper soil layers. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Sauer, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sauer@nstl.gov NR 34 TC 26 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 163 EP 174 DI 10.1007/s10457-007-9072-7 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 214ZK UT WOS:000249776700002 ER PT J AU Gowda, PH Baumhardt, RL Esparza, AM Marek, TH Howell, TA AF Gowda, Prasanna H. Baumhardt, R. Louis Esparza, Allison M. Marek, Thomas H. Howell, Terry A. TI Suitability of cotton as an alternative crop in the Ogallala Aquifer Region SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PREDICTING SOIL-TEMPERATURE; FIBER PROPERTIES; AIR-TEMPERATURE; YIELD; IRRIGATION; GROWTH AB Renewed interest in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the Ogallala Aquifer Region can be linked to development of early maturing varieties, rising energy costs, and declining water levels in the Ogallala Aquifer. The main objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility of growing cotton and estimate the cotton yield potential and the potential reduction in Ogallala Aquifer withdrawals by producing cotton as an alternative to corn. For this purpose, the heat unit based, county-wide exceedance probability (P) curves for potential cotton yield were developed using a long-term air temperature dataset (1971-2000), and counties that have the potential to produce cotton every year (P = 0.99), 4 out of 5 yr (P = 0.85), and 3 out of 4 yr (P = 0.75) return periods were identified and mapped. Results indicate that 91 of 131 counties in the study area have the potential to produce cotton with lint yield > 500 kg ha(-1) 3 out of 4 yr. A county-wide lint yield goal based on a 3 out of 4 yr scenario may improve the chances for better profits to producers than with lint yield that can be expected every year. However, management uncertainties on water use efficiency; fuel, fertilizer, and pest management costs; and planting and harvesting schedule may require further consideration for estimating potential profitability. Nevertheless, these results show that cotton is a suitable alternative crop for most counties in southwest Kansas and all counties in the Texas and Oklahoma Panhandles. In addition, a significant reduction in water withdrawals from the Ogallala Aquifer for irrigation is probable if producers were to convert 50% of their land under corn to cotton production. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Spatial Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. RP Gowda, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM pgowda@cprl.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1397 EP 1403 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0275 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 233QC UT WOS:000251104400002 ER PT J AU Sripada, RP Farrer, DC Weisz, R Heiniger, RW White, JG AF Sripada, Ravi P. Farrer, Dianne C. Weisz, Randy Heiniger, Ronnie W. White, Jeffrey G. TI Aerial color infrared photography to optimize in-season nitrogen fertilizer recommendations in winter wheat SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPHYLL METER; REFLECTANCE MEASUREMENTS; APPLICATION DECISIONS; USE EFFICIENCY; CORN; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; RED AB Remote sensing in the form of aerial color infrared (CIR) photography has been shown to be a useful tool for in-season N management in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The objectives of this study were (i) to develop a methodology for predicting in-season optimum fertilizer N rates for winter wheat at growth stage (GS) 30 directly from aerial CIR photography and (ii) to quantify how the relationships between these optimum N rates and spectral indices respond to different levels of biomass of the wheat crop. Field studies were conducted for three winter wheat growing seasons (2002-2004) over a wide range of soil conditions across North Carolina using a split-split plot randomized complete block design. Different planting date-seeding rate (PDSR) combinations were applied to create a range of biomass levels at GS 30. Different levels of N were applied at GS 25 (N-25) to create a range of N supply and winter wheat radiance, and at GS 30 (N-30) to measure grain yield response to N-30. Aerial CIR photographs were obtained at each site at GS 30 before N applications. Significant biomass response to PDSR and yield response to N-25 and N-30 were observed. Optimum N-30 ranged from 0 to 124 kg ha(-1) with a mean of 55 kg ha(-1). Better prediction of optimum N-30 rates were obtained with spectral indices calculated relative to high-N reference strips compared to absolute bands or spectral indices. Biomass measured at GS 30 influenced the strength of the relationship between optimum N-30 and spectral indices. When the GS-30 biomass was >1000 kg ha(-1), the best predictor of optimum N-30 (R-2 = 0.85) was a quadratic model based on measured winter wheat radiance relative to mean radiance in the G band for the high N reference strip (Rel Gs). C1 USDA ARS PSWMRU, Canaan Valley Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NCDA&CS, Div Agron, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Vernon James Res & Ext Cent, Dept Crop Sci, Plymouth, NC 27962 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sripada, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS PSWMRU, Canaan Valley Inst, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM rps21@psu.edu NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1424 EP 1435 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0258 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 233QC UT WOS:000251104400004 ER PT J AU Schomberg, HH Martini, NL Diaz-Perez, JC Phatak, SC Balkcom, KS Bhardwaj, HL AF Schomberg, Harry H. Martini, Nicole L. Diaz-Perez, Juan C. Phatak, Sharad C. Balkcom, Kipling S. Bhardwaj, Harbans L. TI Potential for using sunn hemp as a source of biomass and nitrogen for the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions of the southeastern USA SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LEGUME COVER CROP; SOIL; CORN AB The tropical legume sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) could be a valuable green manure/cover crop for vegetable producers in the southeastern USA because of its rapid growth and large N-2 fixing ability. Planting and termination date effects on biomass and N accumulation are relatively unknown for the region, but would help producers manage sunn hemp between summer and winter cash crops. We determined sunn hemp biomass and N content at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after planting (DAP) for four planting dates (mid-April to mid-July) at a Piedmont and a Coastal Plain location in Georgia. Maximum biomass at a given DAP was produced from May and June plantings in the Piedmont and from April and May plantings in the Coastal Plains. Maximum biomass and N ranged from 8.9 to 13.0 Mg ha(-1) and 135 to 285 kg ha(-1), respectively. An equation for estimating sunn hemp biomass as a linear function of cumulative degree days (CDD) and cumulative solar radiation (CSR) was verified with independent data from Alabama, Florida, and Virginia. A similar equation for estimating N content as a quadratic function of CSR was not as accurate but still might be useful. Sunn hemp can fit well into short-rotation sustainable vegetable production systems in the Southeast, and these equations can be used by producers to make reliable estimates of sunn hemp biomass production. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Virginia State Univ, New Crops Program, Peterburg, VA 23806 USA. RP Schomberg, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM harry.schomberg@ars.usda.gov RI Diaz-Perez, Juan/D-7642-2014 OI Diaz-Perez, Juan/0000-0002-4474-6715 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1448 EP 1457 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0294 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 233QC UT WOS:000251104400006 ER PT J AU Sudduth, KA Drummond, ST AF Sudduth, Kenneth A. Drummond, Scott T. TI Yield Editor: Software for removing errors from crop yield maps SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMBINE HARVESTERS; TIME; QUALITY; IMPROVE; SYSTEM AB Yield maps are a key component of precision agriculture, due to their usefulness in both development and evaluation of precision management strategies. The value of these yield maps can be compromised by the fact that raw yield maps contain a variety of inherent errors. Researchers have reported that 10 to 50% of the observations in a given field contain significant errors and should be removed. Methods for removing these outliers from raw yield data have not been standardized, although many different filtering techniques have been suggested to address specific error types. We developed a software tool called Yield Editor to simplify the process of applying filtering techniques for yield data outlier detection and removal. Yield Editor includes a map view of the yield data, allowing the user to interactively set, assess the effects of, and refine a number of previously reported automated filtering methods. Additionally, Yield Editor allows manual selection of erroneous points, transects, or regions for investigation and possible deletion. This paper describes the filters implemented in Yield Editor, discusses input, output, and filtering options, and documents availability of the program. Example applications of Yield Editor on five test fields are used to show how the user interacts with the software and to analyze the relative importance of the various filters. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Sudduth, KA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM ken.sudduth@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1471 EP 1482 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0326 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 233QC UT WOS:000251104400009 ER PT J AU Read, JJ Sistani, KR Brink, GE Oldham, JL AF Read, J. J. Sistani, K. R. Brink, G. E. Oldham, J. L. TI Reduction of high soil test phosphorus by bermudagrass and ryegrass-bermudagrass following the cessation of broiler litter applications SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RECEIVING LONG-TERM; POULTRY LITTER; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; SWINE MANURE; NITROGEN; ACCUMULATION; MOVEMENT; FIELD; FERTILIZER; CULTIVARS AB Factors that contribute to high soil P in bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon L. (Pers.)] pastures include continued use of broiler litter rich in P to meet forage N requirements and removal of hay in summer only. This study determined if harvesting annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in addition to bermudagrass would reduce surplus soil P, Cu, and Zn faster than bermudagrass alone after litter application ceased on a Ruston soil (fine-loamy, siliceaous, semiactive, thermic Typic Paleudults). During a 3-yr build-up, 'Coastal' bermudagrass was fertilized with 0, 4.5, 9, 18, and 36 Mg ha(-1) litter yr(-1). During the drawdown phase, plots were split and half was overseeded with ryegrass in fall 2001, 2002, and 2003. Whole plots were fertilized with NH4NO3 in spring-summer to provide 268 kg ha(-1) N yr(-1.) Forage yield and P uptake increased as antecedent litter rate increased, and were greater in ryegrass-bermudagrass than bermudagrass in 2002, but not 2003. At 9 Mg ha(-1) litter, harvesting ryegrass in addition to bermudagrass increased P uptake by 10 to 55%, depending on study year. During the drawdown phase, soil Mehlich-3 P (M3P) and water-extractable P to 15-cm depth decreased by as much as 50 and 70%, respectively. Soils analysis within each sampling date found no significant effect of forage system or its interaction with litter rate. Data for 9 Mg ha(-1) litter rate indicated 2 yr of forage P removal decreased residual M3P to an acceptable agronomic level (<70 mg kg(-1)). The potential to decrease surplus soil P by ryegrass-bermudagrass hay harvests was greatest when rainfall was inadequate for optimum bermudagrass yield. C1 USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Read, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, POB 5367,MS 39762, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jjread@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1492 EP 1501 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0341 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 233QC UT WOS:000251104400011 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA Goslee, SC Klement, KD Soder, KJ AF Sanderson, Matt A. Goslee, Sarah C. Klement, Keith D. Soder, Kathy J. TI Soil seed bank composition in pastures of diverse mixtures of temperate forages SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DISTURBANCE; MANAGEMENT; GRASSLAND; SHIFTS AB Seed banks may contribute useful or weedy species that fill gaps in pastures. In a previous study, pastures planted to complex mixtures of forages had a lesser proportion of weedy species in the aboveground vegetation. In this study, we relate changes in the species composition of the seed bank to changes in the aboveground vegetation. In August 2001, four mixtures [two, three, six, and nine species of temperategrasses, legumes and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)] were established in replicated 1-ha pastures (eight total) in central Pennsylvania. Pastures were grazed by dairy cattle from April to September in 2002 and 2003. Soil cores (1.88-cm diam. by 5-cm depth) were taken in April and October in 2002 and 2003, and in April 2004 to determine the density of germinable seeds. Soil samples were placed in a greenhouse under natural light and controlled temperatures for 12 to 18 mo and germinated seedlings counted regularly. The total density of germinable seeds from all species did not differ among mixtures (P = 0.08). Annual nonleguminous forbs accounted for 79% of the germinable seeds. Yellow woodsorrel (Oxalis stricta L.) was the dominant annual forb. There were significant differences among pastures planted to different mixtures in the density of germinable annual forb seeds; however, these differences likely occurred because of preexisting spatial variation in seed bank composition. Seeded species contributed fewer than 1000 seeds m(-2) total in the 3 yr. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were the most common forage species in the seed bank. There was little relation between the species composition of the seed bank and the composition of the aboveground vegetation. Data from this study indicate that previous land management had larger effects on the soil seed bank than did planting diverse mixtures of forages. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM matt.sanderson@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1514 EP 1520 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0371 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 233QC UT WOS:000251104400013 ER PT J AU Halvorson, AD Reule, CA AF Halvorson, Ardell D. Reule, Curtis A. TI Irrigated, no-till corn and barley response to nitrogen in northern Colorado SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MALTING BARLEY; PLANTING DATE; SOIL CARBON; YIELD; FERTILIZATION; ROTATION AB Converting irrigated, conventional-till (CT) systems to no-till (NT) production systems can potentially reduce soil erosion, fossil fuel consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions. Nitrogen fertilization effects on irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) and malting barley (Hordeum distichon L.) yields in a corn-barley rotation were evaluated for 6 yr on a clay loam soil to determine the viability of using a NT system and N needs for optimum crop yield. Six N treatments were established with N rates varying from 0 to 224 kg N ha(-1) for corn and 0 to 1.12 kg N ha(-1) for barley. Corn and barley grain yields were significantly increased by N fertilization each of 3 yr in the rotation. Three year average corn grain yields were near maximum with an available N (AN) (soil + fertilizer + irrigation water N) level of 274 kg N ha(-1). Barley yields increased linearly with increasing N rate with grain protein content near 130 kg protein Mg-1 grain at the highest N rate. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by corn and barley, based on grain N removal, decreased with increasing AN level and ranged from 204 to 39 and 68 to 31 kg grain kg(-1) AN for the low and high N treatments for corn and barley, respectively. Total plant N uptake required to produce one Mg grain at near maximum yield in this study averaged 21 kg N for corn and 27 kg N for barley. Corn and barley residue production increased with increasing N rate. Irrigated, NT corn yields obtained in this corn-barley rotation were acceptable (>10 Mg ha(-1)) for northern Colorado; however, barley yields did not meet our expected yield goal of 5.4 Mg ha(-1) with the N rates used in this study, but grain protein was near maximum for malting barley. An irrigated, NT corn-barley production system appears to be feasible in northern Colorado. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Halvorson, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ardell.halvorson@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1521 EP 1529 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0356 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 233QC UT WOS:000251104400014 ER PT J AU Archer, DW Jaradat, AA Johnson, JMF Weyers, SL Gesch, RW Forcella, F Kludze, HK AF Archer, David W. Jaradat, Abdullah A. Johnson, Jane M-F. Weyers, Sharon Lachnicht Gesch, Russ W. Forcella, Frank Kludze, Hillarius K. TI Crop productivity and economics during the transition to alternative cropping systems SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; CANADIAN PRAIRIES; GRAIN PRODUCTION; CORN; SOIL; IOWA; DIVERSIFICATION; PROFITABILITY; PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT AB Many environmental benefits accrue from reducing tillage and increasing crop diversity; however, economic factors often encourage the continued use of intensive tillage and specialized crop production. This study examined crop yields, input costs, and economic returns during the transition to a range of cropping system alternatives in the northern Corn Belt region, including different system (organic, conventional), tillage (conventional, strip-tillage), rotation (corn-soybean, corn-soybean-wheat/alfalfa-alfalfa) [Zea mays L., Glycine mar (L.) Merr., Triticum aestivum L., Medicago sativa L.], and fertility (no fertilizer/manure, fertilizer/manure applied at recommended rates) treatments. Increasing crop diversity and reducing tillage intensity reduced total costs by $24-102 ha(-1) within conventional treatments, and $16-107 ha(-1) within organic treatments. Yields of corn, soybean, and wheat were more than 15% lower when using organic vs. the highest yielding conventional practices. Treatments receiving fertilizer or manure had wheat yields more than 0.3 Mg ha(-1) and alfalfa yields 2.7 Mg ha(-1) higher than treatments that did not receive fertilizer or manure. Within conventional systems, no significant differences in the 4-yr net present value of net returns were detected for tillage and rotation alternatives. Net present values for the organic systems without organic price premiums were at least $692 ha(-1) lower than for the best conventional systems suggesting a barrier to the adoption of these systems should organic price premiums decline. However, when organic price premiums were included, most organic treatments had net present values comparable to or exceeding those from conventional treatments. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Marianna, FL 32446 USA. RP Archer, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459,1701 10th Ave SW, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM david.archer@ars.usda.gov OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040; Johnson, Jane/0000-0002-1687-4007 NR 46 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1538 EP 1547 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0364 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 233QC UT WOS:000251104400016 ER PT J AU Sullivan, DG Shaw, JN Price, A van Santen, E AF Sullivan, D. G. Shaw, J. N. Price, A. van Santen, E. TI Spectral reflectance properties of winter cover crops in the southeastern Coastal Plain SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER CONTENT; SHORTWAVE INFRARED REFLECTANCE; RESIDUE COVER; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; COTTON; SURFACE; FLUORESCENCE; PARAMETERS; VEGETATION; PIEDMONT AB Conservation tillage is a commonly adopted best management practice for reducing runoff and erosion, and increasing infiltration. Yet current methodologies in place to monitor conservation tillage adoption are largely inappropriate for regional or national assessments. A major goal of this study was to evaluate the spectral response properties of four alternative winter cover crops using remotely derived crop residue cover indices. Experimental plots were located in east-central Alabama on a coarse-loamy siliceous, subactive, thermic Plinthic Paleudult. The experiment was a randomized complete block design having four replications of each of the following treatments: one fallow conventional tillage treatment and four no-tillage treatments with black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), turnip (Brassica rapa L. subsp.rapa), or rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crops. Remotely sensed data were acquired three times using a similar to 14 d sampling interval beginning near planting and using a handheld multispectral radiometer (485-1650 nm) in 2005 and 2006. Three crop residue cover indices using combinations of middle-infrared and visible spectra were compared and evaluated. Rye, clover, and black oat were spectrally similar, having an overall spectral response ranging from 8 to 45% (440-1650 nm). Increasing soil water content between remotely sensed data acquisitions was evidenced by as much as a 24% decline in middle-infrared reflectance. Despite this variability, a normalized difference ratio of middle-infrared (1650 nm) and blue (445 nm) spectra (Crop Residue Cover Index) provided the most consistent differentiation between tillage systems, varying within 8% of benchmark conditions (low soil water and low canopy cover). Considering the impact that conservation tillage may have on soil and water resources, rapid, watershed scale assessments of conservation tillage adoption may facilitate natural resource inventories, carbon sequestration estimates, and improved agricultural water management regimes. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Sullivan, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM dana.sullivan@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1587 EP 1596 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0330 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 233QC UT WOS:000251104400021 ER PT J AU Gilbert, RA Rainbolt, CR Morris, DR Bennett, AC AF Gilbert, Robert A. Rainbolt, Curtis R. Morris, Dolen R. Bennett, Andrew C. TI Morphological responses of sugarcane to long-term flooding SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER-TABLE; TRANSPIRATION; DEPTH AB Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) in south Florida is often subjected to flooding due to intense summer rainfall or tropical storms. While there has been considerable research on the response of sugarcane cultivars to high water tables, there is a lack of information on cultivar morphological adaptation to long-term flooding. An experiment was established in Belle Glade, FL to examine: (i) effects of a July-September flood on the morphological characters of cv. CP 80-1743 and CP 72-2086 and (ii) significant flood x cultivar interactions that could be used to screen sugarcane germplasm. Sugarcane leaf, stem, primary root, adventitious root, and aerenchyma development were measured in the plant cane (2003) and second ratoon crops (2005). Morphological changes in response to flooding were similar in both years, with flooding leading to a 38% reduction in leaf weight, 4 to 15 times greater adventitious root development, 108% greater aerenchyma pipe extension, and 115% greater aerenchyma pipe diameter. Both cultivars responded to flooding by producing aboveground adventitious roots at the expense of belowground primary root biomass. A significant cultivar x flood interaction on aerenchyma extension and diameter was noted. Under nonflooded conditions, CP 72-2086 produced constitutive aerenchyma more than halfway up the stalk, whereas CP 80-1743 produced aerenchyma only 10% up the stalk. Aerenchyma development up the stalk may be a useful screening tool to identify flood-tolerance in sugarcane cultivars. C1 Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. USDA NRCS, Frederick, OK 73542 USA. RP Gilbert, RA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, 3200 E Palm Beach Rd, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. EM ragilber@ufl.edu NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1622 EP 1628 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0085 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 233QC UT WOS:000251104400025 ER PT J AU Smith, RG Menalled, FD Robertson, GP AF Smith, Richard G. Menalled, Fabian D. Robertson, G. P. TI Temporal yield variability under conventional and alternative management systems SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM; CROPPING SYSTEMS; AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FARMING SYSTEMS; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; GRAIN YIELDS; CORN YIELD; COMMUNITY; ROTATION AB Year to year variation in yield is an inherent risk associated with crop production and many growers rely on intensive mechanical or chemical inputs to preserve crop yield in the face of fluctuating environmental conditions. However, as interest grows in alternative crop management systems which depend less on external inputs, determining the degree to which management systems can impact the temporal yield variability will help the development of sustainable agroecosystems. This study assessed average crop yields and temporal yield variability over a 12-yr period in four agricultural management systems that are part of a long-term cropping systems experiment at the W.K. Kellogg Biological Station (KBS) Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site in southwestern Michigan. The four systems follow a corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 3-yr rotation under conventional (CT), no-till (NT), low-input (LI), or organic (ORG) management, and each crop phase was present in the rotation four times from 1993 to 2004. Yields were measured each year and crop yield variability was estimated using the coefficient of variation calculated separately for each crop phase. Averaged over the study period, yields in the CT and NT systems were similar across all crop phases of the rotation and of higher magnitude than the LI system only in the winter wheat phase of the rotation. Compared to the other three management systems, yields in the ORG system were lower in the corn and winter wheat phases of the rotation. Yields in the soybean phase were similar across the four management systems. Temporal yield variability differed among management systems and rotation phases and was highest in the ORG system during the soybean (CV = 48%) and winter wheat (CV = 33%) phases of the rotation. Compared to the CT system, yield variability was 40% lower in the LI (corn phase), 33% lower in the NT (soybean phase) and similar in the NT (corn and winter wheat phases) systems. Results of this study suggest that yield and temporal yield variability under alternative management systems such as no-till and low-input can be comparable to that in conventional systems. However, temporal yield variability can be as high or higher in organic cropping systems without external inputs of manure or compost. C1 Michigan State Univ, Wk Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Smith, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM rsmith@pw.usda.gov RI Robertson, G/H-3885-2011 OI Robertson, G/0000-0001-9771-9895 NR 34 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1629 EP 1634 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0096 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 233QC UT WOS:000251104400026 ER PT J AU Wilhelm, WW Johnson, JME Karlen, DL Lightle, DT AF Wilhelm, W. W. Johnson, Jane M. E. Karlen, Douglas L. Lightle, David T. TI Corn stover to sustain soil organic carbon further constrains Biomass supply SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROP RESIDUE AB Sustainable aboveground crop biomass harvest estimates for cellulosic ethanol production, to date, have been limited by the need for residue to control erosion. Recently, estimates of the amount of corn (Zea mays L.) stover needed to maintain soil carbon, which is responsible for favorable soil properties, were reported (5.25-12.50 Mg ha(-1)). These estimates indicate stover needed to maintain soil organic carbon, and thus productivity, are a greater constraint to environmentally sustainable cellulosic feedstock harvest than that needed to control water and wind erosion. An extensive effort is needed to develop advanced cropping systems that greatly expand biomass production to sustainably supply cellulosic feedstock without undermining crop and soil productivity. C1 USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Wilhelm, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, 117 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM WallyWilhelm@ars.usda.gov OI Johnson, Jane/0000-0002-1687-4007 NR 11 TC 248 Z9 256 U1 6 U2 52 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1665 EP 1667 DI 10.2134/agronj2OO7.0150 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 233QC UT WOS:000251104400031 ER PT J AU Mahan, JR Gitz, DC AF Mahan, James R. Gitz, Dennis C., III TI A dynamic model of cotton emergence based on the thermal dependence of malate synthase SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SEEDLING EMERGENCE; QUALITY; PLANT; TIME AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is frequently planted when temperatures are not optimal for germination and emergence. Delayed emergence, a common contributor to diminished plant performance later in the season, is often related to nonoptimal temperatures. Improvement of cotton performance requires knowledge of the source, pattern, and magnitude of thermal limitations on seedling metabolism. In this study the thermal dependence of malate synthase, an enzyme involved in cotton seedling lipid metabolism, was used to define the pattern and magnitude of thermal limitations and as the basis of a metabolic model to predict emergence under variable temperatures in the field. Soil temperature at seed depth was monitored over the cotton-planting season of 2005 and characterized as optimal, suboptimal, and supraoptimal. Suboptimal temperatures were common and supraoptimal temperatures were less frequent. A metabolic model to predict emergence was developed and the predicted emergence was in agreement with a widely used degree-day based model. Metabolic indicators of thermal optimality may prove useful in studies of seedling responses to thermal variation. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Mahan, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM Omahan@lbk.ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1668 EP 1674 DI 10.2134/agronj2OO6.0044n PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 233QC UT WOS:000251104400032 ER PT J AU Belefant-Miller, H Beaty, T AF Belefant-Miller, Helen Beaty, Tony TI Distribution of arsenic and other minerals in rice plants affected by natural straighthead SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; ACCUMULATION; MSMA; STERILITY; CULTIVARS; WATER; ACID AB Because of the inconsistency and unpredictability of naturally occurring straighthead, arsenical herbicides are sometimes used to induce straighthead-like symptoms to study this sterility disorder. In 2005, an outbreak of naturally occurring (nonchemically induced) straighthead in rice (Oryza sativa L.) study fields in Stuttgart, AR provided an opportunity to examine the role of minerals in this generally unpredictable disorder. The outbreak affected areas of yield and N rate tests thus permitting examination of the effect of N levels on straighthead. It was found that at the higher N levels, straighthead symptoms were reduced. Since several minerals, including As, have been associated with straighthead, samples of the soil and plants from three of the affected cultivars were analyzed for their levels of several minerals. Straighthead-affected and nonstraighthead-affected plants of each cultivar were separated into roots, stems, leaves, and seeds. Each plant part was analyzed for its level of macro- and micronutrients plus As, from which a relative (straighthead/nonstraighthead) mineral level for each cultivar was calculated. Relative levels of As did not show a consistent pattern among the plant parts. Magnesium may play a role in natural straighthead; only its relative concentrations were consistent across the three cultivars in the soil, stems (and its subsection, stem internodes), leaves, seeds (and its subsection, seed hulls); though not in the roots, brown rice, or stem nodes. The data provide a description of nutrient levels in the rice plant from a rare occurrence and so may provide comparisons for other studies of natural and induced straighthead. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Belefant-Miller, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM hmiller@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1675 EP 1681 DI 10.2134/agronj2007.0032N PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 233QC UT WOS:000251104400033 ER PT J AU Cutforth, HW McGinn, SM McPhee, KE Miller, PR AF Cutforth, Herb W. McGinn, Sean M. McPhee, Kevin E. Miller, Perry R. TI Adaptation of pulse crops to the changing climate of the northern Great Plains SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; CHICKPEA CICER-ARIETINUM; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; SEASON GRAIN LEGUMES; FROST-FREE SEASON; CANADIAN PRAIRIES; INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT; CHANGE IMPACTS; CROPPING SYSTEMS AB Climate over the northern Great Plains has generally warmed over the last 60 yr. The rate of warming has varied temporally and spatially, confounding trend analysis for climate indicators such as increased length of the growing season. Change in precipitation has been even more variable. Despite this variability, present-day trends in temperature and precipitation generally coincide with the predicted direction of climate change. The synchrony of current and future trends reinforces the need for investigating adaptation in agriculture to changing climate. Our review is focused on sustainability of pulse crops in the northern Great Plains and the repercussions of climate change, focusing on the growth and yield response to temperature and water, and the climate restrictions that define their current geographic locations. The resilience of pulse crops to present-day weather extremes such as drought, excess water, heat, cool weather during grain filling, and early frost are considered to predict adaptation to future climate change. Features discussed include changes to crop water-use efficiency brought on by increased CO2 fertilization, accelerated growth rates resulting from higher air temperatures, and total crop failures caused by an increased occurrence and magnitude of weather extremes. Adaptation strategies that are discussed include earlier seeding of pulse crops, use of winter pulses, crop sequencing within crop rotations, and alterations to the microclimate such as direct seeding into standing stubble. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Cutforth, HW (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, POB 1030, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. EM cutforthh@agr.gc.ca NR 120 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 10 U2 42 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1684 EP 1699 DI 10.2134/agronj2OO6.0310s PG 16 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 233QC UT WOS:000251104400035 ER PT J AU Lupwayi, NZ Kennedy, AC AF Lupwayi, Newton Z. Kennedy, Ann C. TI Grain legumes in northern Great Plains: Impacts on selected biological soil processes SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID SEMIARID CANADIAN PRAIRIES; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; LEGUMINOSARUM BIOVAR TRIFOLII; CROP-ROTATION; RHIZOBIUM-LEGUMINOSARUM; NITROGEN-FIXATION; PLANT-GROWTH; RESIDUE DECOMPOSITION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AB Cropping systems in the Northern Great Plains have shifted from fallow-based to legume-based systems. The introduction of grain legumes has impacted soil organisms, including both symbiotic and nonsymbiotic N-fixing bacteria, pathogens, mycorrhizae and fauna, and the processes they perform. These changes occur through effects of legume seed exudates, rhizosphere exudates, and decomposing crop residues. The legume-Rhizobium symbiosis results in dinitrogen (N(2)) fixation that adds plant available N into the soil system. It is estimated that about 171 million kg N(2) was fixed by field pea (Pisum sativum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) crops in the Canadian Prairies in 2004, representing 7% of the total fertilizer-N (2580 million kg) used by Canadian prairie farmers in that year. Similarly, an estimated 40 million kg N(2) was fixed by field pea, lentil, and dry bean (including chickpea) crops in U.S. agroecosysterns in 2004. Some of the fixed N(2) is recycled for the benefit of nonlegume crops grown after grain legumes. Many other associations benefit from the legume in a cropping system, including mycorrhizal associations that improve plant nutrient and water uptake, changes in the pathogen load and disease development, and overall changes in the soil community. Legumes contribute to greenhouse gas (N(2)O and CO(2)) emissions during nitrification and denitrification of fixed N. However, because less fertilizer-N is used in legume-based cropping systems, overall greenhouse gas emissions are usually less than those in fertilized monoculture cereals. Therefore, grain legumes in Northern Great Plains have positive effects on agriculture by adding and recycling biologically fixed N(2), enhancing nutrient uptake, reducing greenhouse gas emissions by reducing N fertilizer use, and breaking nonlegume crop pest cycles. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Beaverlodge, AB T0H 0C0, Canada. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Lupwayi, NZ (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Box 29, Beaverlodge, AB T0H 0C0, Canada. EM LupwayiN@agr.gc.ca NR 133 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1700 EP 1709 DI 10.2134/agronj2OO6.0313s PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 233QC UT WOS:000251104400036 ER PT J AU McIntosh, CR Shogren, JF Dohlman, E AF McIntosh, Christopher R. Shogren, Jason F. Dohlman, Erik TI Supply response to countercyclical payments and base acre updating under uncertainty: An experimental study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE base acreage; countercyclical payments; experiments; risk ID RISK AB We design an experiment to simulate how people make agricultural production decisions under three policy scenarios, each incorporating direct payments (DPs): (a) price uncertainty without countercyclical payments (CCPs); (b) price uncertainty with CCPs; and (c) price uncertainty, CCPs, and uncertainty regarding base acreage updating. Results are the CCP program and perceived possibility of future base updating created incentives for subjects to invest more in program (base) crops, despite payments being decoupled from current production decisions. Those choosing to reduce revenue risk by increasing plantings of base crops may face reduced incomes, suggesting the efficiency of crop markets may be diminished. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Econ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Econ & Finance, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Umea Univ, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. USDA, Serv Econ Res, Market & Trade Econ Div, Field Crops Branch, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP McIntosh, CR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Econ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RI Shogren, Jason/B-9771-2017 OI Shogren, Jason/0000-0003-3757-959X NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 89 IS 4 BP 1046 EP 1057 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2007.01011.x PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 215QX UT WOS:000249825200016 ER PT J AU Orellana, RA Jeyapalan, A Escobar, J Frank, JW Nguyen, HV Suryawan, A Davis, TA AF Orellana, Renan A. Jeyapalan, Asumthia Escobar, Jeffery Frank, Jason W. Nguyen, Hanh V. Suryawan, Agus Davis, Teresa A. TI Amino acids augment muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs during acute endotoxemia by stimulating mTOR-dependent translation initiation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID SEPTIC PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS; CRITICALLY-ILL CHILDREN; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ORGAN FAILURE; SEPSIS; METABOLISM; INSULIN; GLUCOSE; PLASMA; LIVER AB In skeletal muscle of adults, sepsis reduces protein synthesis by depressing translation initiation and induces resistance to branched-chain amino acid stimulation. Normal neonates maintain a high basal muscle protein synthesis rate that is sensitive to amino acid stimulation. In the present study, we determined the effect of amino acids on protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and other tissues in septic neonates. Overnight-fasted neonatal pigs were infused with endotoxin (LPS, 0 and 10 mu g.kg(-1).h(-1)), whereas glucose and insulin were maintained at fasting levels; amino acids were clamped at fasting or fed levels. In the presence of fasting insulin and amino acids, LPS reduced protein synthesis in longissimus dorsi (LD) and gastrocnemius muscles and increased protein synthesis in the diaphragm, but had no effect in masseter and heart muscles. Increasing amino acids to fed levels accelerated muscle protein synthesis in LD, gastrocnemius, masseter, and diaphragm. LPS stimulated protein synthesis in liver, lung, spleen, pancreas, and kidney in fasted animals. Raising amino acids to fed levels increased protein synthesis in liver of controls, but not LPS-treated animals. The increase in muscle protein synthesis in response to amino acids was associated with increased mTOR, 4E-BP1, and S6K1 phosphorylation and eIF4G-eIF4E association in control and LPS-infused animals. These findings suggest that amino acids stimulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis during acute endotoxemia via mTOR-dependent ribosomal assembly despite reduced basal protein synthesis rates in neonatal pigs. However, provision of amino acids does not further enhance the LPS-induced increase in liver protein synthesis. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Crit Care Sect, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Orellana, RA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St,Rm 9057, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM orellana@bcm.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474-11, R01 AR44474, R01 AR044474-12, R01 AR044474, R01 AR044474-13, K08 AR51563]; NICHD NIH HHS [K12 HD41648] NR 63 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 293 IS 5 BP E1416 EP E1425 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00146.2007 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 229KA UT WOS:000250800500036 PM 17848637 ER PT J AU Zungu, M Alcolea, MP Garcia-Palmer, FJ Young, ME Essop, MF AF Zungu, Makhosazane Alcolea, Maria Pilar Garcia-Palmer, Francisco Jose Young, Martin E. Essop, M. Faadiel TI Genomic modulation of mitochondrial respiratory genes in the hypertrophied heart reflects adaptive changes in mitochondrial and contractile function SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene expression; mitochondria; hypertrophy; hypobaric hypoxia ID INDUCED CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY; ENERGY-METABOLISM; COACTIVATOR PGC-1; HIGH-ALTITUDE; FATTY-ACIDS; RAT-HEART; HYPOXIA; EXPRESSION; BIOGENESIS; ADAPTATION AB We hypothesized the coordinate induction of mitochondrial regulatory genes in the hypertrophied right ventricle to sustain mitochondrial respiratory capacity and contractile function in response to increased load. Wistar rats were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (11% O-2) or normoxia for 2 wk. Cardiac contractile and mitochondrial respiratory function were separately assessed for the right and left ventricles. Transcript levels of several mitochondrial regulators were measured. A robust hypertrophic response was observed in the right ( but not left) ventricle in response to hypobaric hypoxia. Mitochondrial O2 consumption was increased in the right ventricle, while proton leak was reduced vs. normoxic controls. Citrate synthase activity and mitochondrial DNA content were significantly increased in the hypertrophied right ventricle, suggesting higher mitochondrial number. Transcript levels of nuclear respiratory factor-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma- coactivator-1 alpha, cytochrome oxidase (COX) subunit II, and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) were coordinately induced in the hypertrophied right ventricle following hypoxia. UCP3 transcript levels were significantly reduced in the hypertrophied right ventricle vs. normoxic controls. Exposure to chronic hypobaric hypoxia had no significant effects on left ventricular mitochondrial respiration or contractile function. However, COXIV and UCP2 gene expression were increased in the left ventricle in response to chronic hypobaric hypoxia. In summary, we found coordinate induction of several genes regulating mitochondrial function and higher mitochondrial number in a model of physiological right ventricular hypertrophy, linking the efficiency of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and respiratory function to sustained contractile function in response to the increased load. C1 Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Physiol Sci, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. Univ Cape Town, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Hatter Heart Res Inst, Cape Town, South Africa. Univ Illes Balears, Grp Metab Energet Nutr, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Physiol Sci, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. RP Essop, MF (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Physiol Sci, Rm 2009,Mike Vries Bldg,Merriman Ave, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. EM mfessop@sun.ac.za OI Essop, Faadiel/0000-0002-8434-4294 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-074259-01] NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2007 VL 293 IS 5 BP H2819 EP H2825 DI 10.1152/ajpheart.00806.2006 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 237TU UT WOS:000251400100024 PM 17704287 ER PT J AU Stark, JC Novy, RG Love, SL Whitworth, JL Corsini, DL Pavek, JJ Mosley, AR Pavek, MJ Knowles, NR Thornton, RE James, SR Hane, DC Olsen, N Vales, MI Brown, CR AF Stark, J. C. Novy, R. G. Love, S. L. Whitworth, J. L. Corsini, D. L. Pavek, J. J. Mosley, A. R. Pavek, M. J. Knowles, N. R. Thornton, R. E. James, S. R. Hane, D. C. Olsen, N. Vales, M. I. Brown, C. R. TI Blazer russet: An early to mid-season potato cultivar with high US No. 1 yields and good processing and culinary qualities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GERMPLASM; VARIETY; RESISTANCE; SOLIDS AB 'Blazer Russet' is an early to mid-season cultivar notable for its high U.S. No. 1 yield of medium-russeted tubers and its good processing and culinary qualities. It was derived from the cross A7816-14 x 'NorKing Russet' and was released in 2005 by the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon and Washington. Blazer Russet is very suitable for processing into French fries and other frozen potato products directly from the field or from extended storage, with higher merit scores than 'Russet Burbank' and 'Ranger Russet' in processing and post-harvest evaluations. Blazer Russet also has high merit for use in the fresh market, with sensory evaluations comparable to those of Russet Burbank. Total yields for Blazer Russet at five early harvest trial locations in the western United States were 12% greater than either 'Russet Norkotah' or 'Shepody', while U.S. No. 1 yields were 12% greater than Russet Norkotah and 35% greater than Shepody. Specific gravities of Blazer Russet tubers were comparable to tubers of Shepody, and higher than those of Russet Norkotah in early harvest trials. In full-season trials in the western United States, total yields for Blazer Russet were slightly lower than Ranger Russet and slightly higher than Russet Burbank, but U.S. No. 1 yields were 8% greater than Ranger Russet and 38% greater than Russet Burbank. In these full-season trials, tuber specific gravity of Blazer Russet was similar to Russet Burbank, but lower than Ranger Russet. Blazer Russet is resistant to sugar ends, tuber malformations and most internal and external defects, the exception being its moderate susceptibility to hollow heart. Blazer Russet is resistant to common scab, tuber powdery scab and PVX, and has moderate resistance to blackspot bruise and tuber late blight infections. It is moderately susceptible to powdery scab root galling, PVYO, early blight infection of the tuber, Erwinia soft rot and Fusarium dry rot. Blazer Russet is susceptible to Verticillium wilt, pink rot, PLRV net necrosis, corky ringspot, and foliar early blight and late blight. C1 [Stark, J. C.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls Res & Extens Ctr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Novy, R. G.; Whitworth, J. L.; Corsini, D. L.; Pavek, J. J.] USDA ARS, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Love, S. L.] Univ Idaho, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Mosley, A. R.; Vales, M. I.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pavek, M. J.; Knowles, N. R.; Thornton, R. E.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [James, S. R.] Oregon State Univ, Cent Oregon Expt Stn, Redmond, WA USA. [Hane, D. C.] Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Expt Stn, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. [Olsen, N.] Univ Idaho, Twin Falls Res & Extens Ctr, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. [Brown, C. R.] USDA ARS, IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Stark, JC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls Res & Extens Ctr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM jstark@uidaho.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2007 VL 84 IS 6 BP 447 EP 457 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 262RI UT WOS:000253165300002 ER PT J AU Haynes, KG Goth, RW Lambert, DH Christ, BJ AF Haynes, Kathleen G. Goth, Robert W. Lambert, David H. Christ, Barbara J. TI Evaluation of a short-day adapted tetraploid potato population with horizontal resistance to Phytophthora infestans under long-day conditions in northern Maine SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LATE BLIGHT; UNITED-STATES; METALAXYL; BARY; HERITABILITY; WASHINGTON; MIGRATION; SELECTION; MATURITY; STRAINS AB Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, the cause of late blight, has rapidly overcome major (R) gene resistance in potatoes. A population of short-day adapted tetraploid potatoes with horizontal resistance to late blight was developed at the International Potato Center in Lima, Peru. True seed from this population was obtained from the NRSP-6 Project at Sturgeon Bay, WI for the purpose of evaluating its potential to contribute to the breeding effort for late blight resistance in the United States. In 1996, 552 single hills were planted on Chapman Farm, Presque Isle, ME; only 448 tuberized. In 1997, these clones were planted on Chapman Farm for increase; 129 were saved, 53 failed to tuberize, and 266 were discarded because they were sprouted at harvest. In 1998 and 1999, 69 clones were tested for their reaction to late blight in replicated plots on Aroostook Farm, Presque Isle, ME. Percent infected foliage was estimated three times toward the end of the season and used to compute area under the disease progress curve. Broad-sense heritability for horizontal resistance to late blight was estimated as 0.78 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.64 to 0.86. Using detached leaflet assays, these clones were inoculated with US-8 strains of P. infestans, and the diameter of the lesion was measured 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 days after inoculation. The correlation between field resistance and the detached leaflet assay was very low (0.18